title: Stimulant-related reductions of growth rates in the PATS.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate growth of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the Preschool ADHD Treatment Study (PATS) before and after initiation of treatment with methylphenidate at titrated doses (average, 14.2 mg/day) administered three times daily, 7 days/week for asymptotically equal to1 year.
  
  
  METHODS
  The heights and weights of 140 children with ADHD were measured up to 29 times in the PATS protocol, starting at an average age of 4.4 years. The relationship between standard (z) scores and time on medication was examined using mixed-effect regression to estimate change in relative size (slope).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average relative size at baseline was significantly (p<.0001) greater than zero for z height (+0.45) and z weight (+0.78), indicating greater than expected height (by 2.04 cm) and weight (by 1.78 kg). During treatment, slopes were significantly (p<.0001) less than zero for z height (-0.304/yr) and z weight (-0.530/yr), indicating reduction of growth rates. For 95 children who remained on medication, annual growth rates were 20.3% less than expected for height (5.41 cm/yr-6.79 cm/yr=-1.38 cm/yr) and 55.2% for weight (1.07 kg/yr-2.39 kg/yr=-1.32 kg/yr).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Risks of reduced growth rates should be balanced against expected benefits when preschool-age children are treated with stimulant medication.
authors.affiliation: Drs. Swanson, S. Wigal, and T. Wigal, and Ms. Stehli are with the University of California, Irvine; Dr. Kollins is with Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Drs. Greenhill and Posner, and Ms. Chuang, Ms. Skrobala, and Mr. Davies (retired) are with New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University, New York; Drs. Abikoff and Oatis are with New York University Child Study Center, New York; Drs. McCracken and McGough are with the University of California, Los Angeles; Dr. Riddle is with Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Dr. Ghuman is with the University of Arizona, Tucson; Dr. Vitiello is with the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD; and Dr. Cunningham is with McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.. Electronic address: jmswanso@uci.edu.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.affiliation: Drs. Swanson, S. Wigal, and T. Wigal, and Ms. Stehli are with the University of California, Irvine; Dr. Kollins is with Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Drs. Greenhill and Posner, and Ms. Chuang, Ms. Skrobala, and Mr. Davies (retired) are with New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University, New York; Drs. Abikoff and Oatis are with New York University Child Study Center, New York; Drs. McCracken and McGough are with the University of California, Los Angeles; Dr. Riddle is with Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Dr. Ghuman is with the University of Arizona, Tucson; Dr. Vitiello is with the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD; and Dr. Cunningham is with McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Greenhill
authors.affiliation: Drs. Swanson, S. Wigal, and T. Wigal, and Ms. Stehli are with the University of California, Irvine; Dr. Kollins is with Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Drs. Greenhill and Posner, and Ms. Chuang, Ms. Skrobala, and Mr. Davies (retired) are with New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University, New York; Drs. Abikoff and Oatis are with New York University Child Study Center, New York; Drs. McCracken and McGough are with the University of California, Los Angeles; Dr. Riddle is with Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Dr. Ghuman is with the University of Arizona, Tucson; Dr. Vitiello is with the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD; and Dr. Cunningham is with McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wigal
authors.affiliation: Drs. Swanson, S. Wigal, and T. Wigal, and Ms. Stehli are with the University of California, Irvine; Dr. Kollins is with Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Drs. Greenhill and Posner, and Ms. Chuang, Ms. Skrobala, and Mr. Davies (retired) are with New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University, New York; Drs. Abikoff and Oatis are with New York University Child Study Center, New York; Drs. McCracken and McGough are with the University of California, Los Angeles; Dr. Riddle is with Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Dr. Ghuman is with the University of Arizona, Tucson; Dr. Vitiello is with the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD; and Dr. Cunningham is with McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kollins
authors.affiliation: Drs. Swanson, S. Wigal, and T. Wigal, and Ms. Stehli are with the University of California, Irvine; Dr. Kollins is with Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Drs. Greenhill and Posner, and Ms. Chuang, Ms. Skrobala, and Mr. Davies (retired) are with New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University, New York; Drs. Abikoff and Oatis are with New York University Child Study Center, New York; Drs. McCracken and McGough are with the University of California, Los Angeles; Dr. Riddle is with Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Dr. Ghuman is with the University of Arizona, Tucson; Dr. Vitiello is with the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD; and Dr. Cunningham is with McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Annamarie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stehli
authors.affiliation: Drs. Swanson, S. Wigal, and T. Wigal, and Ms. Stehli are with the University of California, Irvine; Dr. Kollins is with Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Drs. Greenhill and Posner, and Ms. Chuang, Ms. Skrobala, and Mr. Davies (retired) are with New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University, New York; Drs. Abikoff and Oatis are with New York University Child Study Center, New York; Drs. McCracken and McGough are with the University of California, Los Angeles; Dr. Riddle is with Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Dr. Ghuman is with the University of Arizona, Tucson; Dr. Vitiello is with the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD; and Dr. Cunningham is with McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.affiliation: Drs. Swanson, S. Wigal, and T. Wigal, and Ms. Stehli are with the University of California, Irvine; Dr. Kollins is with Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Drs. Greenhill and Posner, and Ms. Chuang, Ms. Skrobala, and Mr. Davies (retired) are with New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University, New York; Drs. Abikoff and Oatis are with New York University Child Study Center, New York; Drs. McCracken and McGough are with the University of California, Los Angeles; Dr. Riddle is with Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Dr. Ghuman is with the University of Arizona, Tucson; Dr. Vitiello is with the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD; and Dr. Cunningham is with McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Shirley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.affiliation: Drs. Swanson, S. Wigal, and T. Wigal, and Ms. Stehli are with the University of California, Irvine; Dr. Kollins is with Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Drs. Greenhill and Posner, and Ms. Chuang, Ms. Skrobala, and Mr. Davies (retired) are with New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University, New York; Drs. Abikoff and Oatis are with New York University Child Study Center, New York; Drs. McCracken and McGough are with the University of California, Los Angeles; Dr. Riddle is with Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Dr. Ghuman is with the University of Arizona, Tucson; Dr. Vitiello is with the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD; and Dr. Cunningham is with McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Benedetto
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vitiello
authors.affiliation: Drs. Swanson, S. Wigal, and T. Wigal, and Ms. Stehli are with the University of California, Irvine; Dr. Kollins is with Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Drs. Greenhill and Posner, and Ms. Chuang, Ms. Skrobala, and Mr. Davies (retired) are with New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University, New York; Drs. Abikoff and Oatis are with New York University Child Study Center, New York; Drs. McCracken and McGough are with the University of California, Los Angeles; Dr. Riddle is with Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Dr. Ghuman is with the University of Arizona, Tucson; Dr. Vitiello is with the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD; and Dr. Cunningham is with McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skrobala
authors.affiliation: Drs. Swanson, S. Wigal, and T. Wigal, and Ms. Stehli are with the University of California, Irvine; Dr. Kollins is with Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Drs. Greenhill and Posner, and Ms. Chuang, Ms. Skrobala, and Mr. Davies (retired) are with New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University, New York; Drs. Abikoff and Oatis are with New York University Child Study Center, New York; Drs. McCracken and McGough are with the University of California, Los Angeles; Dr. Riddle is with Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Dr. Ghuman is with the University of Arizona, Tucson; Dr. Vitiello is with the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD; and Dr. Cunningham is with McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Posner
authors.affiliation: Drs. Swanson, S. Wigal, and T. Wigal, and Ms. Stehli are with the University of California, Irvine; Dr. Kollins is with Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Drs. Greenhill and Posner, and Ms. Chuang, Ms. Skrobala, and Mr. Davies (retired) are with New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University, New York; Drs. Abikoff and Oatis are with New York University Child Study Center, New York; Drs. McCracken and McGough are with the University of California, Los Angeles; Dr. Riddle is with Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Dr. Ghuman is with the University of Arizona, Tucson; Dr. Vitiello is with the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD; and Dr. Cunningham is with McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abikoff
authors.affiliation: Drs. Swanson, S. Wigal, and T. Wigal, and Ms. Stehli are with the University of California, Irvine; Dr. Kollins is with Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Drs. Greenhill and Posner, and Ms. Chuang, Ms. Skrobala, and Mr. Davies (retired) are with New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University, New York; Drs. Abikoff and Oatis are with New York University Child Study Center, New York; Drs. McCracken and McGough are with the University of California, Los Angeles; Dr. Riddle is with Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Dr. Ghuman is with the University of Arizona, Tucson; Dr. Vitiello is with the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD; and Dr. Cunningham is with McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Melvin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oatis
authors.affiliation: Drs. Swanson, S. Wigal, and T. Wigal, and Ms. Stehli are with the University of California, Irvine; Dr. Kollins is with Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Drs. Greenhill and Posner, and Ms. Chuang, Ms. Skrobala, and Mr. Davies (retired) are with New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University, New York; Drs. Abikoff and Oatis are with New York University Child Study Center, New York; Drs. McCracken and McGough are with the University of California, Los Angeles; Dr. Riddle is with Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Dr. Ghuman is with the University of Arizona, Tucson; Dr. Vitiello is with the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD; and Dr. Cunningham is with McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McCRACKEN
authors.affiliation: Drs. Swanson, S. Wigal, and T. Wigal, and Ms. Stehli are with the University of California, Irvine; Dr. Kollins is with Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Drs. Greenhill and Posner, and Ms. Chuang, Ms. Skrobala, and Mr. Davies (retired) are with New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University, New York; Drs. Abikoff and Oatis are with New York University Child Study Center, New York; Drs. McCracken and McGough are with the University of California, Los Angeles; Dr. Riddle is with Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Dr. Ghuman is with the University of Arizona, Tucson; Dr. Vitiello is with the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD; and Dr. Cunningham is with McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McGOUGH
authors.affiliation: Drs. Swanson, S. Wigal, and T. Wigal, and Ms. Stehli are with the University of California, Irvine; Dr. Kollins is with Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Drs. Greenhill and Posner, and Ms. Chuang, Ms. Skrobala, and Mr. Davies (retired) are with New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University, New York; Drs. Abikoff and Oatis are with New York University Child Study Center, New York; Drs. McCracken and McGough are with the University of California, Los Angeles; Dr. Riddle is with Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Dr. Ghuman is with the University of Arizona, Tucson; Dr. Vitiello is with the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD; and Dr. Cunningham is with McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riddle
authors.affiliation: Drs. Swanson, S. Wigal, and T. Wigal, and Ms. Stehli are with the University of California, Irvine; Dr. Kollins is with Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Drs. Greenhill and Posner, and Ms. Chuang, Ms. Skrobala, and Mr. Davies (retired) are with New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University, New York; Drs. Abikoff and Oatis are with New York University Child Study Center, New York; Drs. McCracken and McGough are with the University of California, Los Angeles; Dr. Riddle is with Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Dr. Ghuman is with the University of Arizona, Tucson; Dr. Vitiello is with the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD; and Dr. Cunningham is with McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Jaswinder
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ghuman
authors.affiliation: Drs. Swanson, S. Wigal, and T. Wigal, and Ms. Stehli are with the University of California, Irvine; Dr. Kollins is with Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Drs. Greenhill and Posner, and Ms. Chuang, Ms. Skrobala, and Mr. Davies (retired) are with New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University, New York; Drs. Abikoff and Oatis are with New York University Child Study Center, New York; Drs. McCracken and McGough are with the University of California, Los Angeles; Dr. Riddle is with Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Dr. Ghuman is with the University of Arizona, Tucson; Dr. Vitiello is with the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD; and Dr. Cunningham is with McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.affiliation: Drs. Swanson, S. Wigal, and T. Wigal, and Ms. Stehli are with the University of California, Irvine; Dr. Kollins is with Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Drs. Greenhill and Posner, and Ms. Chuang, Ms. Skrobala, and Mr. Davies (retired) are with New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University, New York; Drs. Abikoff and Oatis are with New York University Child Study Center, New York; Drs. McCracken and McGough are with the University of California, Los Angeles; Dr. Riddle is with Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; Dr. Ghuman is with the University of Arizona, Tucson; Dr. Vitiello is with the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD; and Dr. Cunningham is with McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wigal
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D049628:Body Size / Q000187:drug effects*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects*; D002491:Central Nervous System Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002491:Central Nervous System Agents; D008774:Methylphenidate