title: High-dose, single-bolus eptifibatide: a safe and cost-effective alternative to conventional glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor use for elective coronary interventions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adjunctive pharmacotherapy with eptifibatide, a glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitor, as an intravenous bolus followed by infusion has been shown to improve outcomes in elective coronary interventions (PCI). However, bleeding complications and costs have limited the routine adoption of this regimen.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to examine the safety, efficacy and cost-effectiveness of high-dose, single-bolus eptifibatide, without post-intervention infusion, in "real-world" patients undergoing elective PCI.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 401 patients with stable and unstable angina who were treated with a high-dose (20 mg), single bolus of eptifibatide plus heparin prior to the start of elective PCI. Exclusion criteria included recent MI, stenting of bypass graft(s), rotational atherectomy and/or brachytherapy. The primary study endpoints were major adverse clinical events (MACE), defined as the in-hospital and 30-day incidence of death from any cause, Q-wave or non-Q-wave MI, repeat target vessel revascularization and/or major bleeding complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relevant demographic and procedural characteristics included mean age: 66.4 +/- 11.2; male gender: 242/401 (61%); number of vessels treated per patient: 1.46 +/- 0.42; and number of stents deployed per patient: 1.82 +/- 0.65. In-hospital non-Q-wave MI (CPK and/or CPK-MB > 3 times the upper limit of normal) occurred in 7/401 patients (1.75%) and MACE was 2.25%. Major bleeding complications were seen in 2/401 patients (0.49%). There were 4 additional MACE events at 30-day follow up (total MACE and bleeding = 3.25%). The average anticoagulation cost was 66 dollars/patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravenous eptifibatide, administered as a high-dose (20 mg) single-vial bolus, is a safe, effective and highly cost-effective alternative to the conventional regimens of bolus plus prolonged intravenous GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor infusion for patients undergoing elective PCI.
authors.affiliation: Heart Center at Borgess, 1521 Gull Road, 5th Floor, Kalamazoo, MI 49001, USA. taf1@net-link.net
authors.forename: Tim A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Fischell
authors.forename: Tamer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Attia
authors.forename: Santosh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rane
authors.forename: Waddah
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Salman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016527:Drug Costs; D000077542:Eptifibatide; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010455:Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; D000077542:Eptifibatide