title: Role of cage material, working style and hearing sensitivity in perception of animal care noise.
abstract: During daily care, laboratory animals are exposed to a variety of sounds which may have effects on welfare and also cause physiological and behavioural changes. So far, almost no attention has been paid to individual sounds or the sound level caused by animal care or the sound level inside the animal cage. In this study, sounds from selected rat care procedures were recorded: pulling cage out of the rack, placing it onto a table and replacing the cage back into the rack; with measurements made inside the rat cage and in the adjacent cage. Diet was poured into the food hopper and sounds were recorded inside the cage and also the adjacent cage. The work was repeated in a calm and also in a hurried style, using stainless steel and polycarbonate cages. Finally, the sounds produced by running tap water were recorded. Differences between rat and human hearing were compared using novel species-specific sound level weightings: R-weighting for rats dB(R) and H-weighting for human dB(H). Hurried work with steel caused sound exposure levels exceeding 90 dB(R) when the cages were placed into the rack and about 80 dB(R) when pulling them out of the rack or placing onto a table. With polycarbonate, the levels were 10-15 dB(R) lower. Unhurried calm working produced lower sound exposure levels than hurried working in many procedures. When the procedures were repeated with measurements in the adjacent cage, the sound exposure levels were lower, but the results were similar. Pouring food pellets into a hopper above the rat's head caused 15 dB(R) higher sound exposure levels than pouring food to an adjacent cage. In general, humans hear these sounds about 10-15 dB louder than rats. In conclusion, cage material, working style and hearing sensitivity all have an impact on the sound exposure level in the rodent cage. With correct working methods, high sound levels can be efficiently avoided in most cases.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Centre, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. Hanna-Marja.Voipio@oulu.fi
authors.forename: H-M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Voipio
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nevalainen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Halonen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hakumäki
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Björk
mesh_terms: D000827:Animal Welfare / Q000592:standards*; D000818:Animals; D000830:Animals, Laboratory; D006309:Hearing / Q000502:physiology*; D006799:Housing, Animal; D006801:Humans; D009622:Noise / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051381:Rats; D013637:Tape Recording