title: Harmonic 3-D echocardiography with a fast-rotating ultrasound transducer.
abstract: Although the advantages of three-dimensional (3-D) echocardiography have been acknowledged, its application for routine diagnosis is still very limited. This is mainly due to the relatively long acquisition time. Only recently has this problem been addressed with the introduction of new real-time 3-D echo systems. This paper describes the design, characteristics, and capabilities of an alternative concept for rapid 3-D echocardiographic recordings. The presented fast-rotating ultrasound (FRU)-transducer is based on a 64-element phased array that rotates with a maximum speed of 8 Hz (480 rpm). The large bandwidth of the FRU-transducer makes it highly suitable for tissue and contrast harmonic imaging. The transducer presents itself as a conventional phased-array transducer; therefore, it is easily implemented on existing 2-D echo systems, without additional interfacing. The capabilities of the FRU-transducer are illustrated with in-vitro volume measurements, harmonic imaging in combination with a contrast agent, and a preliminary clinical study.
authors.affiliation: Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdan, The Netherlands. m.voormolen@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: Marco M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Voormolen
authors.forename: Boudewijn J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Krenning
authors.forename: Charles T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Lancée
authors.forename: Folkert J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: ten Cate
authors.forename: Jos R T C
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Roelandt
authors.forename: Antonius F W
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: van der Steen
authors.forename: Nico
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: de Jong
mesh_terms: D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012399:Rotation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014159:Transducers