title: Evaluation of the 4q32-34 locus in European familial pancreatic cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Familial pancreatic cancer (FPC) describes a group of families where the inheritance of pancreatic cancer is consistent with an autosomal-dominant mode of inheritance. The 4q32-34 region has been previously identified as a potential locus for FPC in a large American family.
  
  
  METHODS
  The region was allelotyped in 231 individuals from 77 European families using nine microsatellite markers, and haplotyping was possible in 191 individuals from 41 families. Families were selected based on at least two affected first-degree relatives with no other cancer syndromes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Linkage to most of the locus was excluded based on LOD scores less than -2.0. Eight families were excluded from linkage to 4q32-34 based on haplotypes not segregating with the disease compared with a predicted six to seven families. Two groups of families were identified, which seem to share common alleles within the minimal disease-associated region of 4q32-34, one group with an apparently earlier age of cancer death than the other pancreatic cancer families. Four genes were identified with potential tumor suppressor roles within the locus in regions that could not be excluded based on the LOD score. These were HMGB2, PPID, MORF4, and SPOCK3. DNA sequence analysis of exons of these genes in affected individuals and in pancreatic cancer cell lines did not reveal any mutations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This locus is unlikely to harbor a FPC gene in the majority of our European families.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgery and Oncology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Earl
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Louis J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Vitone
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Risk
authors.forename: Steve J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McFaul
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Neoptolemos
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Greenhalf
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kress
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sina-Frey
authors.forename: Stephan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rieder
authors.forename: Detlef K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Bartsch
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002894:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4 / Q000235:genetics*; D005060:Europe; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008126:Lod Score; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D010183:Pancreatic Ducts / Q000473:pathology; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012042:Registries; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics*