title: Duloxetine in the treatment of major depressive disorder: comparisons of safety and efficacy in U.S. Hispanic and majority Caucasian patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate new pharmacotherapies for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in Hispanic Americans, the largest ethnic minority group in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Efficacy and safety data were pooled from 7 double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials of duloxetine conducted from February 1999 through November 2002. English-speaking patients (aged > or = 18 years) meeting DSM-IV criteria for MDD received duloxetine (40-120 mg/ day; Hispanic, N = 58; Caucasian, N = 748) or placebo (Hispanic, N = 62; Caucasian, N = 594) for up to 9 weeks. Efficacy measures included the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D-17) total score, HAM-D-17 subscales, the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness scale, the Patient Global Impression of Improvement scale, and the Visual Analog Scales for pain. Safety was assessed using discontinuation rates, treatment-emergent adverse events, vital signs, and laboratory analyses. Three sets of data were analyzed using different pooling strategies, including exploratory analyses with 470 subjects (Hispanic, N = 51; Caucasian, N = 419) receiving the recommended dose of 60 mg.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No evidence for a differential effect of duloxetine in Hispanic and Caucasian patients was found in efficacy outcomes. Discontinuation rates due to adverse events among duloxetine-treated patients were 14.0% for Hispanics and 17.0% for Caucasians, compared with 3.2% and 5.7%, respectively, for placebo-treated patients (p = .671). The type of adverse events and their individual rate of occurrence did not differ significantly between Hispanic and Caucasian patients. Mean changes from baseline for pulse, blood pressure, weight, and laboratory analytes were small and showed no significant differences between Hispanic and Caucasian patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this analysis of pooled data, no evidence for a differential effect of duloxetine in Hispanic and majority Caucasian patients was found in efficacy or safety outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA. rlewis@nypsi.cpmc.columbia.edu
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lewis-Fernández
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.forename: Craig H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Mallinckrodt
authors.forename: Madelaine M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Wohlreich
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Watkin
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Plewes
mesh_terms: D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D000068736:Duloxetine Hydrochloride; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D010352:Patient Dropouts; D010919:Placebos; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D010919:Placebos; D013876:Thiophenes; D000068736:Duloxetine Hydrochloride