Effect of levofloxacin on serum glucose concentration in rats.
To clarify the mechanism of fluoroquinolone-induced abnormalities in blood glucose, the effect of levofloxacin on serum glucose concentration was investigated in rats. Rats received an intravenous injection of levofloxacin and their arterial blood was sampled periodically. The serum glucose concentration decreased after an injection of 100 mg/kg of levofloxacin, while it increased at levofloxacin 300 mg/kg. The serum immunoreactive insulin concentration increased as the dose of levofloxacin increased. The serum epinephrine concentration was rapidly elevated by levofloxacin at 300 mg/kg. The serum histamine concentration increased after injections of levofloxacin, 200 and 300 mg/kg. Diphenhydramine (1 mg/kg) antagonized the hyperglycemia induced by 300 mg/kg of levofloxacin. In an in vitro study, the release of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla in the presence of levofloxacin was determined. Levofloxacin (300 microg/ml) did not affect epinephrine release from the adrenal medulla. Levofloxacin can induce hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia in rats. Levofloxacin can promote histamine release, leading to an increased serum epinephrine concentration and hyperglycemia.
Ishiwata
Yasuyoshi
Y
Department of Hospital Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
Itoga
Yoshie
Y
Yasuhara
Masato
M
D000313:Adrenal Medulla / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects*; D004155:Diphenhydramine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D006632:Histamine / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D006636:Histamine Release / Q000187:drug effects*; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D064704:Levofloxacin; D008297:Male; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D007328:Insulin; D064704:Levofloxacin; D006632:Histamine; D004155:Diphenhydramine; D015242:Ofloxacin; D004837:Epinephrine