title: Adenosine A2A receptors are expressed in human atrial myocytes and modulate spontaneous sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alterations in the cyclic AMP-dependent regulation of the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) have been proposed to account for increased spontaneous calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in patients with heart failure, ventricular tachyarrhythmias and atrial fibrillation. While the adenosine A(2A) receptor (A(2A)R) is known to regulate cyclic AMP levels, expression and function of this receptor in human cardiac myocytes has not been investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to identify the A(2A)R, and functional effects of A(2A)R stimulation were measured with confocal calcium imaging and patch-clamp technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The A(2A)R is expressed in the human right atrium and distributed in a banded pattern along the Z-lines, overlapping with the ryanodine receptor. A(2A)R stimulation caused a protein kinase A dependent increase in spontaneous SR calcium release in isolated human atrial myocytes. The A(2A)R agonist CGS21680 increased the frequency of calcium sparks from 0.12+/-0.03 to 0.31+/-0.08 sparks.mum min(-1) (p<0.05) and calcium waves from 0.65+/-0.31 to 5.11+/-1.84 waves.min(-1) (p<0.03). Moreover, spontaneous Na-Ca exchange currents (I(NCX)) increased from 1.19+/-0.17 to 2.50+/-0.42 min(-1) (p<0.001). In contrast, CGS21680 did not alter caffeine inducible calcium release (6.98+/-0.52 vs. 6.82+/-0.57 amol pF(-1), p=0.6) or the spontaneous I(NCX) amplitude (0.32+/-0.05 vs. 0.29+/-0.04 pA pF(-1), p=0.2). Current-voltage relationship and amplitude of the L-type calcium current (1.62+/-0.18 vs. 1.80+/-0.18 pA pF(-1)) were not altered, but calcium release dependent inactivation was faster with CGS21680 (13.4+/-0.7 vs. 15.8+/-1.0 ms, p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adenosine A(2A) receptors are expressed in the human atrial myocardium and modulate the frequency of spontaneous calcium release from the SR.
authors.affiliation: Cell Physiology Laboratory, Cardiology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut Catalá de Ciencies Cardiovasculars, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, St Antoni M(a) Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain. lhove@santpau.es
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hove-Madsen
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Prat-Vidal
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Llach
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ciruela
authors.forename: Vicent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Casadó
authors.forename: Carme
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lluis
authors.forename: Antoni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bayes-Genis
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cinca
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Franco
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000368:Aged; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type / Q000378:metabolism; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008875:Middle Aged; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D043683:Receptors, Adenosine A2 / Q000032:analysis*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012433:Ryanodine / Q000494:pharmacology; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism*; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger / Q000378:metabolism; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type; D007546:Isoquinolines; D010627:Phenethylamines; D043683:Receptors, Adenosine A2; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger; D013449:Sulfonamides; C061282:2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine; D012433:Ryanodine; D002110:Caffeine; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D000241:Adenosine; C063509:N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide; D002118:Calcium