title: Anesthesia for magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This review focuses on the technological principles, safety considerations, monitors and equipment, patient issues, and a general overview of the anesthetic management of both conventional and intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging based on the most recent literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As a diagnostic imaging modality, magnetic resonance imaging remains unparalleled in its diagnostic and clinical value. The clinical applications for magnetic resonance imaging continue to evolve, and include its latest use in minimally invasive procedures as well as in the operating room. Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging is steadily gaining acceptance for neurosurgical procedures. The safety considerations, monitor and equipment issues for intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging are similar to the conventional setting. However, they differ in their focus on anesthesia management. Most monitoring compatible with magnetic resonance imaging has been available for many years. In the USA, the newest available monitoring option during magnetic resonance imaging is for temperature. This option has been available in other countries for a number of years. A fiberoptic surface sensor provides a safe and accurate monitor of adult, pediatric, and neonatal body temperature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The magnetic resonance imaging suite is a challenging environment for the anesthesiologist, and carries inherent risks. Several factors account for this, including the remote location, the unique features of the magnetic resonance imaging scanner, and patient-related factors. Understanding the implications of the magnetic resonance imaging environment will facilitate ensuring the safety of the patient and personnel.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York 10029, USA. cheryl.gooden@msnyuhealth.org
authors.forename: Cheryl K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Gooden