title: Molecular analysis of duck hepatitis virus type 1 reveals a novel lineage close to the genus Parechovirus in the family Picornaviridae.
abstract: Duck hepatitis virus type 1 (DHV-1) was previously classified as an enterovirus, based primarily on observed morphology and physicochemical properties of the virion. The complete nucleotide sequences of two strains (DRL-62 and R85952) of DHV-1 have been determined. Excluding the poly(A) tail, the genomes are 7691 and 7690 nt, respectively, and contain a single, large open reading frame encoding a polyprotein of 2249 aa. The genome of DHV-1 is organized as are those of members of the family Picornaviridae: 5' untranslated region (UTR)-VP0-VP3-VP1-2A1-2A2-2B-2C-3A-3B-3C-3D-3' UTR. Analysis of the genomic and predicted polyprotein sequences revealed several unusual features, including the absence of a predicted maturation cleavage of VP0, the presence of two unrelated 2A protein motifs and a 3' UTR extended markedly compared with that of any other picornavirus. The 2A1 protein motif is related to the 2A protein type of the genus Aphthovirus and the adjacent 2A2 protein is related to the 2A protein type present in the genus Parechovirus. Phylogenetic analysis using the 3D protein sequence shows that the two DHV-1 strains are related more closely to members of the genus Parechovirus than to other picornaviruses. However, the two DHV-1 strains form a monophyletic group, clearly distinct from members of the genus Parechovirus.
authors.affiliation: National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, 480 Anyang 6 dong, Manan-gu, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 420-824, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Chul
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, 480 Anyang 6 dong, Manan-gu, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 420-824, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Kuk
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, 480 Anyang 6 dong, Manan-gu, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 420-824, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Joon
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Joh
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, University of Kalmar, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden.
authors.forename: A Michael
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lindberg
authors.affiliation: National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, 480 Anyang 6 dong, Manan-gu, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 420-824, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jun-Hun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, 480 Anyang 6 dong, Manan-gu, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 420-824, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sun-Joong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics; D020121:5' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D016679:Genome, Viral; D004371:Hepatitis Virus, Duck / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D030061:Parechovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D020815:Polyproteins / Q000235:genetics; D012324:RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017421:Sequence Analysis; D013045:Species Specificity; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D020815:Polyproteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; D012324:RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase