title: Role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3beta) in mediating the cytotoxic effects of the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
abstract: Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) have been shown to induce apoptotic and autophagic cell death in vitro and in vivo. The molecular mechanisms that underlie these cytotoxic effects are not yet clearly understood. Recently, HDACIs were shown to induce Akt dephosphorylation by disrupting HDAC-protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) complexes. This disruption results in the increased association of PP1 with Akt, resulting in the dephosphorylation and consequent inactivation of the kinase. Akt enhances cellular survival through the phosphorylation-dependent inhibition of several pro-apoptotic proteins. Akt is an important negative regulator of GSK3beta, a kinase that has been shown to regulate apoptosis in response to various stimuli. In the present study, we investigated the role of GSK3beta in mediating the cytotoxic effects in MCF-7 breast cancer cells treated with trichostatin A (TSA), a prototype HDACI. We show that TSA induces Akt dephosphorylation in a PP1-dependent manner, resulting in activation of GSK3beta in MCF-7 cells. Similarly, knockdown of HDAC1 and-2 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) resulted in the dephosphorylation of Akt and GSK3beta. Selective inhibition of GSK3beta attenuated TSA induced cytotoxicity and resulted in enhanced proliferation following drug removal. Our findings identify GSK3beta as an important mediator of TSA-induced cytotoxicity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Lundberg Laboratory, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden. John.P.Alao@molbio.gu.se
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Alao
authors.forename: Alexandra V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Stavropoulou
authors.forename: Eric W-F
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: R Charles
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Coombes
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000633:toxicity*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; C012589:trichostatin A; C000605506:GSK3B protein, human; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3