title: Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder with venlafaxine extended release: a 6-month randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No large-scale posttraumatic stress disorder drug trials have been conducted to evaluate treatment effects beyond 12 weeks outside of those with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of venlafaxine extended release (ER), a serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, in posttraumatic stress disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  6-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  International study at 56 sites. Patients Adult outpatients (N = 329) with a primary diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder as defined in the DSM-IV, symptoms for 6 months or longer, and a 17-item Clinician-Administered Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Scale score of 60 or higher. Intervention Patients randomly assigned to receive flexible doses of venlafaxine ER (37.5-300 mg/d) or placebo for 24 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary measure was the change from baseline in the Clinician-Administered Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Scale score. Secondary measures included remission, defined as a Clinician-Administered Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Scale score of 20 or lower, and changes in symptom cluster scores, frequency of remission, and time to remission. Measures of stress vulnerability, resilience, depression, quality of life, functioning, and global illness severity were also taken.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean changes from baseline in Clinician-Administered Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Scale total scores at end point were -51.7 for venlafaxine ER and -43.9 for placebo (P = .006). Improvement was significantly greater for the venlafaxine ER group than for the placebo group in cluster scores for reexperiencing (P = .008) and avoidance/numbing (P = .006), but not for hyperarousal. Remission rates were 50.9% for venlafaxine ER and 37.5% for placebo (P = .01). The venlafaxine ER group also showed significantly greater improvement at end point than the placebo group (P<.05) on all other reported outcome measures. The mean maximum daily dose of venlafaxine ER was 221.5 mg/d. Withdrawal rates were similar between groups with no significant difference in dropouts attributable to adverse events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, venlafaxine ER was effective and well tolerated in short-term and continuation treatment of patients with posttraumatic stress disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. david011@mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baldwin
authors.forename: Dan J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kuper
authors.forename: Isma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Benattia
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Musgnung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004244:Dizziness / Q000139:chemically induced; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006261:Headache / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced; D010919:Placebos; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride
chemical_list: D003511:Cyclohexanols; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D010919:Placebos; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride