title: Growth factors and cytokines in autologous platelet concentrate and their correlation to periodontal regeneration outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the concentration of naturally available biologic mediators in autologous platelet concentrates and their correlation with periodontal regeneration outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 25 patients with two intra-bony defects each, an autologous platelet concentrate (APC) was prepared by a laboratory thrombocyte apheresis technique pre-operatively. Both defects were treated using a bioresorbable guided tissue regeneration-membrane in combination with tricalciumphosphate (TCP). In the test defect, APC was additionally applied. In the APC, platelets were counted and the levels of growth factors and cytokines were determined by ELISA. Correlations between the platelet counts or the growth factor/cytokine levels and the potential clinical and radiographic regeneration outcomes due to APC were calculated after 3, 6, and 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The APC contained 2.2 x 10(6) platelets/mul, which was 7.9 times more than in the venous blood. Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), platelet-derived growth factor-AB (PDGF-AB), PDGF-BB, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were found in the APC, whereas interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), IL-4, and IL-10 were not detectable. The regression analysis showed a weak correlation between the platelet counts or the growth factor levels and the clinical and radiographic regeneration outcomes (r2<or=0.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Autologous platelet concentrate contains relatively high concentrations of PDGF-AB, PDGF-BB, TGF-beta1, and IGF-I, but their potential influence on periodontal regeneration remains unclear.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany. michael.christgau@klinik.uni-regensburg.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Christgau
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moder
authors.forename: K-A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hiller
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dada
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schmalz
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000601:surgery*; D000077214:Becaplermin; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000097:blood; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016557:Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010976:Platelet Count; D017713:Platelet Transfusion; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000032:analysis; D010983:Plateletpheresis; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000032:analysis; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D016207:Cytokines; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C095477:platelet-derived growth factor AB; D000077214:Becaplermin; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; C018392:tricalcium phosphate