title: Androgen receptor mutations are associated with Gleason score in localized prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study human androgen receptor (hAR) mutations and their relationship to the clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with prostate cancer, as the mechanisms by which tumour cells escape androgen control and grow independently of hormone stimulation are unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 67 radical prostatectomy specimens were sequenced genomically (mean age of the patients, 64 years; median prostate-specific antigen level 15 ng/mL; 34% T1 and 66% T2). Of the 66 patients who had a valid follow-up, 28 (43%) had biochemical progression during the follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was mutation in the hAR in 11 patients (16%); nine types of different mutations were identified, only one of which was described previously in patients with prostate cancer. Patients with mutated hAR had statistically lower Gleason scores (P = 0.004) than had patients with native hAR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  hAR mutations have a different effect on the disease course in patients with localized than in those with metastatic prostatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Fundación Hospital Calahorra, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, Spain. dsanchez@fhcalahorra.com
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rosell
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Honorato
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arocena
authors.forename: Gonzalo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sanz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000235:genetics; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000601:surgery; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen