title: Peak inspiratory flow rate after methacholine challenge in asthmatic patients and its impact on the effect of formoterol via different inhalers.
abstract: The goal of the present study was to investigate the bronchodilating effects of 6 and 12 microg formoterol delivered by the Turbuhaler, in comparison to salbutamol 200 microg (metered dose inhaler) and to controls without treatment. After inducing acute and severe bronchial obstruction by means of methacholine challenge, peak inspiratory mouth flow (PIMF) was measured through a stenosis, simulating the internal resistance of the Turbuhaler, with the in-check device. In addition the relationship was studied between PIMF and clinical response in the 3 treatment groups. In the 176 patients methacholine caused a mean fall in FEV(1) of 37.1 +/- 6.9% compared to baseline. Ten minutes after bronchodilator inhalation, FEV(1) improved significantly in all three treatment groups. At 30 minutes after bronchodilator administration, only the salbutamol 200 microg and the formoterol 12 microg groups had a significantly greater increase in FEV1 than controls (0.69 +/- 0.43 l and 0.66 +/- 0.37 l vs 0.38 +/- 0.32 l, p < 0.0005), whereas the formoterol 6 microg group showed no significant improvement (0.41 +/- 0.38 l, p = 0.74). Thirteen patients (7.4%) did not reach a minimal PIMF of 30 l/min through the in-check device after challenge. In the four patients in the formoterol 6 microg group with a PIMF below 30 l/min inhalation did not cause bronchodilation. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that 6 microg formoterol via Turbuhaler leads to less and slower onset of bronchodilation compared to the other groups in our setting. If patients fail to generate a PIMF of 30 l/min, 6 microg formoterol via Turbuhaler may provide inadequate relief in a severe asthma attack.
authors.affiliation: Fachkrankenhaus Kloster Grafschaft, Zentrum für Pneumologie, Schmallenberg, Germany. p.haidl@t-online.de
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Haidl
authors.forename: Franziska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wiese
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koehler
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000420:Albuterol / Q000494:pharmacology; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D001985:Bronchial Provocation Tests / Q000379:methods*; D016085:Bronchoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002648:Child; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D000068759:Formoterol Fumarate; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D016210:Methacholine Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D010366:Peak Expiratory Flow Rate
chemical_list: D016085:Bronchoconstrictor Agents; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D004983:Ethanolamines; D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D000420:Albuterol; D000068759:Formoterol Fumarate