Late relapse of metastatic non-seminomatous testicular germ cell tumours.
Although the majority of men presenting with non-seminomatous germ cell tumours (NSGCT) are cured, late relapse (occurring more than 2 years after obtaining a complete response to treatment) is increasingly recognized. The typical patterns of disease spread have been well-documented, but the findings at late relapse are more variable and less well-described. We discuss the phenomenon of late relapse, the characteristics of teratoma differentiated (TD), and the issue of long-term imaging surveillance of patients with NSGCT. The potential sites of late relapse of NSGCT and the associated spectrum of imaging appearances are illustrated.
Rutherford
E E
EE
Department of Radiology, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Southampton, Hampshire, UK.
Ferguson
J L
JL
Geldart
T R
TR
Mead
G M
GM
Smart
J M
JM
Tung
K T
KT
D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed