title: Different angiogenic activity in pulmonary sarcoidosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent evidence has shown that several chemokines--including those involved in angiogenesis--have been implicated in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and sarcoidosis. We speculated that these differences could be attributed to distinct angiogenic and angiostatic profiles. This hypothesis was investigated by estimating the levels of three angiogenic chemokines (growth-related gene [GRO]-alpha, epithelial neutrophil-activating protein [ENA]-78, and interleukin [IL]-8), and three angiostatic chemokines (monokine induced by interferon (IFN)-gamma [MIG], IFN-gamma-inducible protein [IP]-10, and IFN-gamma-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant) in serum and BAL fluid (BALF).
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied prospectively 20 patients with sarcoidosis (median age, 46 years; range, 25 to 65 years), 20 patients with IPF (median age, 68 years; range, 40 to 75 years), and 10 normal subjects (median age, 39 years; range, 26 to 60 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The GRO-a serum and BALF levels of IPF patients were found significantly increased in comparison with healthy subjects (799 pg/mL vs 294 pg/mL [p = 0.022] and 1,827 pg/mL vs 94 pg/mL [p < 0.001], respectively) and sarcoidosis patients (799 pg/mL vs 44 pg/mL [p < 0.001] and 1,827 pg/mL vs 214 pg/mL [p < 0.001], respectively). Moreover, ENA-78 and IL-8 BALF levels in IPF patients were significantly higher compared with sarcoidosis patients (191 pg/mL vs 30 pg/mL [p < 0.001] and 640 pg/mL vs 94 pg/mL [p = 0.03], respectively). MIG serum levels in IPF patients were found significantly upregulated in comparison with sarcoidosis patients and healthy control subjects. However, MIG and IP-10 BALF levels (1,136 pg/mL vs 66 pg/mL [p < 0.001] and 112 pg/mL vs 56 pg/mL [p = 0.037], respectively) were significantly higher in sarcoidosis patients compared with IPF patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest distinct angiogenic profiles between IPF and sarcoidosis, indicating a potential different role of CXC chemokines in the local immunologic response in IPF and pulmonary sarcoidosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Medicine, University Hospital, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71110 Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: Katerina M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Antoniou
authors.forename: Argyris
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tzouvelekis
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Alexandrakis
authors.forename: Katerina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sfiridaki
authors.forename: Ioanna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tsiligianni
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rachiotis
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tzanakis
authors.forename: Demosthenes
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bouros
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Milic-Emili
authors.forename: Nikolaos M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Siafakas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D043165:Angiostatic Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000276:immunology; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D054365:Chemokine CXCL5; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9; D018925:Chemokines / Q000032:analysis*; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis*; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D012016:Reference Values; D017565:Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D043165:Angiostatic Proteins; C475829:CXCL1 protein, human; C114753:CXCL10 protein, human; C486263:CXCL5 protein, human; C080810:CXCL9 protein, human; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D054365:Chemokine CXCL5; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9; D018925:Chemokines; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D016209:Interleukin-8