title: Loss of SOCS3 gene expression converts STAT3 function from anti-apoptotic to pro-apoptotic.
abstract: The transcription factor STAT3 is activated by interleukin-6-related cytokines and has been implicated as an oncogene; it promotes cell proliferation and is anti-apoptotic. However, in some cases, STAT3 has been shown to be pro-apoptotic, especially in mammary epithelial cells. In this report, we generated SOCS3-deficient murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), in which STAT3 activation is extremely enhanced and prolonged. We found that LIF induces caspase-3 activation and apoptosis of SOCS3(-/-) MEFs. Exogenous expression of the dominant negative form of STAT3 but not STAT1 suppressed LIF-induced apoptosis of SOCS3(-/-) MEFs, indicating that STAT3 plays a critical role in apoptosis induction. As shown in mammary gland epithelial cells, expression of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunits p50alpha and p55alpha was induced in response to LIF in SOCS3(-/-) MEFs but not in wild-type MEFs, and Akt/protein kinase B activity was substantially reduced in SOCS3(-/-) MEFs. Furthermore, we found that some of the STAT3 target genes related to apoptosis and proliferation, such as Bcl-2 and cyclin D1, were repressed upon LIF treatment in SOCS3(-/-) cells. Not only the up-regulation of p50alpha and p55alpha but also the repression of cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 in SOCS3(-/-) MEFs was inhibited by dominant negative STAT3. These data suggest that prolonged activation of STAT3 could induce apoptosis/growth arrest rather than anti-apoptosis and proliferation in certain cases, and SOCS3 is a critical regulator of this balance.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukuyama
authors.forename: Ryoko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Kazuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saeki
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Giichi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Takaesu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C491411:Socs3 protein, mouse; C494087:Stat3 protein, mouse; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; D019938:Cyclin D1; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D053148:Caspase 3