title: Effects on microstrain and conversion of flowable resin composite using different curing modes and units.
abstract: The flowable resin composite, Tetric Flow, was used to measure microstrain and degree of conversion after hardening with each of three curing machines: XL3000(XL) for 10, 20, 30, and 40 s; Optilux 501 using conventional mode (OC) for 10, 20, 30, and 40 s, as well as Optilux boost (OB, 10 s) and ramp modes (OR, 20 s); and LEDemetron (LEDe) for 10, 20, 30, and 40 s. The emitted power density and spectral distribution of the three light curing units were also measured. The LEDe output energy spectrum was centralized between 425 and 490 nm, which encompasses the excited wavelength of camphorquinone. The microstrain produced by the curing process is as a second-degree polynomial for each light source. The OB microstrain was highest, while the OR microstrain was lower. The ranking in order of degree of monomer conversion was as follows: XL10 <or=<or= OC10 <or=<or= LED 10 = OR = XL 20 = OC 20 = XL 30 <or=<or= LED 20 <or=<or= OC30 = LED 40 = XL 40 = OC40 = LED 30 <or= OB. The degree of conversion cured with OB was significant higher than other curing modes except OC30, OC40, LEDe30, LEDe40, and XL40. The conversion value of XL10 was the lowest. The LEDe produced higher conversion for the same emitted energy compared to the two halogen units.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Dental Science, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wan-Yu
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Ruey-Song
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jaw-Lin
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ming-Shu
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Frederick A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Rueggeberg
authors.forename: Min-Huey
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008422:Materials Testing; D010777:Photochemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; C452226:tetric flow composite resin