title: Metaphase arrest by cyclin E-Cdk2 requires the spindle-checkpoint kinase Mps1.
abstract: Cytostatic factor (CSF) arrests vertebrate eggs in metaphase of meiosis II through several pathways that inhibit activation of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). In Xenopus, the Mos-MEK1-MAPK-p90(Rsk) cascade utilizes spindle-assembly-checkpoint components to effect metaphase arrest. Another pathway involves cyclin E-Cdk2, and sustained cyclin E-Cdk2 activity in egg extracts causes metaphase arrest in the absence of Mos; this latter finding suggests that an independent pathway contributes to CSF arrest. Here, we demonstrate that metaphase arrest with cyclin E-Cdk2, but not with Mos, requires the spindle-checkpoint kinase monopolar spindles 1 (Mps1), a cyclin E-Cdk2 target that is also implicated in centrosome duplication. xMps1 is synthesized and activated during oocyte maturation and inactivated upon CSF release. In egg extracts, CSF release by calcium was inhibited by constitutively active cyclin E-Cdk2 and delayed by wild-type xMps1. Ablation of cyclin E by antisense oligonucleotides blocked accumulation of xMps1, suggesting that cyclin E-Cdk2 controls Mps1 levels. During meiosis II, activated cyclin E-Cdk2 significantly inhibited the APC/C even in the absence of the Mos-MAPK pathway, but this inhibition was not sufficient to suppress S phase between meiosis I and II. These results uniquely place xMps1 downstream of cyclin E-Cdk2 in mediating a pathway of APC/C inhibition and metaphase arrest.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA.
authors.forename: Bryn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Grimison
authors.forename: Junjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Andrea L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Lewellyn
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Maller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019927:Cyclin E / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008677:Metaphase / Q000502:physiology*; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D017231:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mos / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D014981:Xenopus; D029867:Xenopus Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019927:Cyclin E; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; C495329:Mos protein, Xenopus; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D017231:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mos; C514980:RPS27 protein, Xenopus; C495891:Cdk2 protein, Xenopus; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2