title: Endoscopic management of biliary tract disease.
abstract: Endoscopic management of biliary tract disease continues to be influenced by new advances in technology and shaped by further examination of old controversies. This review covers and highlights recent world literature concerning biliary endoscopy and its effect on the management of biliary disorders. In particular, we examine the role and consequence of the endoscopic management of choledocholithiasis and the continuing controversy over endoscopic treatment of pancreatic disease. The increasing impact of endoscopic ultrasound in the biliary tree is explored, as well as the latest developments in biliary stent technology.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Division, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Pfau
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kochman