title: Dangerous journey: documenting the experience of Tibetan refugees.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Since the 1950 invasion of Tibet by China, Tibetan refugees have attempted to flee into Nepal over the Himalayan mountains. We documented the experiences of a group of refugees making this journey.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted semistructured interviews with 50 recent refugees at the Tibetan Refugee Transit Centre in Kathmandu, Nepal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants ranged in age from 8 to 56 years, and 21 were female. The average length of their journey from Tibet to Nepal was 34 days. During their journey, a majority of the refugees encountered authorities or became involved in altercations with Nepali Maoist groups. Most of these interactions resulted in extortion and threats of expulsion. Several Tibetans were tortured, beaten with weapons, threatened with being shot, and robbed. Three women were sexually assaulted at gunpoint.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The refugees who took part in this study experienced physical and mental hardships and, often, human rights abuses on their journey to Nepal. International pressure is needed to prevent human rights violations and reduce potential long-term physical and mental health effects associated with this dangerous crossing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Political Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario.
authors.forename: Sonam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dolma
authors.forename: Sonal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Lynne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lohfeld
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Orbinski
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Mills
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003068:Coercion; D005260:Female; D045809:Human Rights Abuses / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger; D007223:Infant; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009390:Nepal; D016495:Police / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011330:Prisons; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012036:Refugees / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012946:Social Welfare; D013800:Theft / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018609:Tibet / Q000208:ethnology; D013995:Time; D014104:Torture / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014480:United Nations; D014754:Violence / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*