title: Which orthodontic archwire sequence? A randomized clinical trial.
abstract: The aim of this study was to compare three orthodontic archwire sequences. One hundred and fifty-four 10- to 17-year-old patients were treated in three centres and randomly allocated to one of three groups: A = 0.016-inch nickel titanium (NiTi), 0.018 x 0.025-inch NiTi, and 0.019 x 0.025-inch stainless steel (SS); B = 0.016-inch NiTi, 0.016-inch SS, 0.020-inch SS, and 0.019 x 0.025-inch SS; and C = 0.016 x 0.022-inch copper (Cu) NiTi, 0.019 x 0.025-inch CuNiTi, and 0.019 x 0.025-inch SS. At each archwire change and for each arch, the patients completed discomfort scores on a seven-point Likert scale at 4 hours, 24 hours, 3 days, and 1 week. Time in days and the number of visits taken to reach a 0.019 x 0.025-inch SS working archwires were calculated. A periapical radiograph of the upper left central incisor was taken at the start of the treatment and after placement of the 0.019 x 0.025-inch SS wire so root resorption could be assessed. There were no statistically significant differences between archwire sequences A, B, or C for patient discomfort (P > 0.05) or root resorption (P = 0.58). The number of visits required to reach the working archwire was greater for sequence B than for A (P = 0.012) but this could not be explained by the increased number of archwires used in sequence B.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of Manchester, Sheffield, UK. nicola.a.mandall@manchester.ac.uk
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mandall
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: Hv
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Worthington
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sandler
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Derwent
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdi-Oskouei
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D003300:Copper; D003722:Dental Alloys; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000628:therapy*; D009532:Nickel; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D012391:Root Resorption / Q000209:etiology; D013193:Stainless Steel; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; C040654:titanium nickelide; D013193:Stainless Steel; D003300:Copper; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium