title: Marek's disease virus up-regulates major histocompatibility complex class II cell surface expression in infected cells.
abstract: Many herpesviruses modulate major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression on the cell surface as an immune evasion mechanism. We report here that Marek's disease virus (MDV), a lymphotrophic avian alphaherpesvirus, up-regulates MHC class II cell surface expression in infected cells, contrary to all other herpesviruses examined to date. This MDV-induced class II up-regulation was detected both in vitro and in vivo. This effect was not solely an indirect effect of interferon, which is a highly potent natural inducer of MHC class II expression, since MHC class II up-regulation in cultured primary fibroblast cells was confined to the infected cells only. MHC class II up-regulation was also observed in infected cells of the bursa of Fabricius during the lytic phase of MDV infection in birds and upon reactivation of MDV from latency in an MDV-transformed cell line. As MDV is a strictly cell-associated virus and requires activated T cells for its life cycle, this up-regulation of MHC class II in infected cells may contribute to virus spread within the infected host by increasing the chance of contact between productively infected cells and susceptible activated T cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niikura
authors.forename: Taejoong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Henry D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Burnside
authors.forename: Robin W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Jerry B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Dodgson
authors.forename: Hans H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002060:Bursa of Fabricius / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens; D005802:Genes, MHC Class II; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D008285:Major Histocompatibility Complex; D025922:Mardivirus / Q000276:immunology*; D008380:Marek Disease / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D012333:RNA, Messenger