title: Artificial evolution extends the spectrum of viruses that are targeted by a disease-resistance gene from potato.
abstract: A major class of disease-resistance (R) genes in plants encode nucleotide-binding site/leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins. The LRR domains mediate recognition of pathogen-derived elicitors. Here we describe a random in vitro mutation analysis illustrating how mutations in an R protein (Rx) LRR domain generate disease-resistance specificity. The original Rx protein confers resistance only against a subset of potato virus X (PVX) strains, whereas selected mutants were effective against an additional strain of PVX and against the distantly related poplar mosaic virus. These effects of LRR mutations indicate that in vitro evolution of R genes could be exploited for enhancement of disease resistance in crop plants. Our results also illustrate how short-term evolution of disease resistance in wild populations might be toward broader spectrum resistance against multiple strains of the pathogen. The breadth of the disease-resistance phenotype from a natural R gene may be influenced by the tradeoff between the costs and benefits of broad-spectrum disease resistance.
authors.affiliation: The Sainsbury Laboratory, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Garry
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Farnham
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Baulcombe
mesh_terms: D019020:Directed Molecular Evolution; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics; D009029:Mosaic Viruses / Q000276:immunology; D016296:Mutagenesis; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology; D017863:Potexvirus / Q000276:immunology*; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology*