title: Value of retinal vein pulsation characteristics in predicting increased optic disc excavation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Retinal vein pulsation is often absent in glaucoma, but can be induced by applying a graded ophthalmodynamometric force (ODF) to the eye, which is elevated in glaucoma.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether ODF has a predictive value in determining glaucoma progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  75 patients with glaucoma and suspected glaucoma were examined prospectively in 1996, and then re-examined at a mean of 82 months later. All subjects had intraocular pressure, visual fields, stereo optic disc photography and ODF measured on their initial visit. When venous pulsation was spontaneous, the ODF was said to be 0 g. At re-examination, central corneal thickness and blood pressure were also measured. Initial and subsequent optic disc photographs were compared and graded into those that had increased excavation and those that had remained stable. The relationship between increased excavation (recorded as a binary response) and the measured variables was modelled using a multiple mixed effects logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ODF at the initial visit was strongly predictive of increased excavation (p = 0.004, odds ratio 1.16/g, range 0-60 g), with greater predictive value in women than in men (p = 0.004). Visual field mean deviation was predictive of increased excavation (p = 0.044), as was optic nerve haemorrhage in association with older age (p = 0.038). Central corneal thickness was not significantly predictive of increased excavation (p = 0.074) after having adjusted for other variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ODF measurement seems to be strongly predictive of the patient's risk for increased optic disc excavation. This suggests that ODF measurement may have predictive value in assessing the likelihood of glaucoma progression.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, 2 Verdun Street, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia. balaratnasingam@gmail.com
authors.forename: Chandrakumar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Balaratnasingam
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Martin L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hazelton
authors.forename: Phillip H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: House
authors.forename: Chris J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Barry
authors.forename: Hsien
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Cringle
authors.forename: Dao-Yi
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018450:Disease Progression; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009884:Ophthalmodynamometry; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D012169:Retinal Vein / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014655:Vascular Resistance; D014794:Visual Fields