title: Peripheral blood mononuclear and tumor cell pharmacodynamics of the novel epothilone B analogue, ixabepilone.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We previously demonstrated that peak microtubule bundle formation (MBF) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) occurs at the end of drug infusion and correlates with drug pharmacokinetics (PK). In the current study, a new expanded evaluation of drug target effect was undertaken.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with advanced solid malignancies were treated with ixabepilone 40 mg/m2 administered as a 1-h i.v. infusion every 3 weeks. Blood, plasma, and tumor tissue sampling was carried out to characterize pharmacodynamics and PK.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-seven patients were treated with 141 cycles of ixabepilone. In both PBMCs (n=27) and tumor cells (n=9), peak MBF occurred at the end of infusion; however, at 24-72 h after drug infusion, the number of cells with MBF was significantly greater in tumor cells, relative to PBMCs. A Hill model (EC50=109.65 ng/ml; r2=0.94) was fitted, which demonstrated a relationship between percentage of PBMCs with MBF and plasma ixabepilone concentration. The percentage of PBMCs with MBF at the end of infusion also correlated with severity of neutropenia (P=0.050).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma ixabepilone concentration and severity of neutropenia correlate with the level of MBF in PBMCs. Therefore, this technically straightforward assay should be considered as a complement to the clinical development of novel microtubule-binding agents.
authors.affiliation: The Albert Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center; Department of Molecular Genetics. Electronic address: smani@montefiore.org.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mani
authors.affiliation: The Albert Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: McDaid
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grossman
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Cancer Center of NYU School of Medicine, New York University, New York.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Muggia
authors.affiliation: The Albert Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goel
authors.affiliation: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.affiliation: Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program of the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Colevas
authors.affiliation: The Albert Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Horwitz
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Egorin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D034261:Epothilones / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000097:blood; D050257:Tubulin Modulators / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D034261:Epothilones; D050257:Tubulin Modulators; C430592:ixabepilone