title: Spatial requirements in hospital shower and toilet rooms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the spatial requirements for hoist use in an assisted shower-toilet facility.
  
  
  METHODS
  A simulation of two shower-toilet facilities (built since 2000) was constructed in a laboratory to compare a mobile hoist and a gantry (overhead) hoist for the task of transferring a patient from a wheelchair to the toilet. Twenty participants were recruited and trained in the use of both hoists. Data were recorded using video cameras and analysed for the space used to complete the task, time taken and postural risk scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mobile hoist needed significantly more space, took significantly longer and exposed the handlers to higher postural risks than the overhead hoist.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Larger shower-toilet rooms should be planned and built as accessible facilities with sufficient space for independent and assisted wheelchair users. The findings will have an impact on the recommendation for increased numbers of single rooms with ensuite facilities in new hospitals. Healthcare planners and designers may need to consider building specific facilities for assisted wheelchair users rather than providing a 'one space fits all' solution.
authors.affiliation: Healthcare Ergonomics and Patient Safety research Unit, Department of Human Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire. S.M.Hignett@lboro.ac.uk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hignett
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001107:Architectural Accessibility / Q000592:standards*; D001494:Baths; D006804:Ergonomics; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006749:Hospital Design and Construction / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007374:Interior Design and Furnishings / Q000592:standards*; D017770:Lifting; D008297:Male; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D011187:Posture; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013996:Time and Motion Studies; D014038:Toilet Facilities / Q000592:standards*; D014187:Transportation of Patients / Q000379:methods; D014910:Wheelchairs