title: Carcinogenicity study of GSM and DCS wireless communication signals in B6C3F1 mice.
abstract: The purpose of this study using a total of 1170 B6C3F1 mice was to detect and evaluate possible carcinogenic effects in mice exposed to radio-frequency-radiation (RFR) from Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) and Digital Personal Communications System (DCS) handsets as emitted by handsets operating in the center of the communication band, that is, at 902 MHz (GSM) and 1747 MHz (DCS). Restrained mice were exposed for 2 h per day, 5 days per week over a period of 2 years to three different whole-body averaged specific absorption rate (SAR) levels of 0.4, 1.3, 4.0 mW/g bw (SAR), or were sham exposed. Regarding the organ-related tumor incidence, pairwise Fisher's test did not show any significant increase in the incidence of any particular tumor type in the RF exposed groups as compared to the sham exposed group. Interestingly, while the incidences of hepatocellular carcinomas were similar in EMF and sham exposed groups, in both studies the incidences of liver adenomas in males decreased with increasing dose levels; the incidences in the high dose groups were statistically significantly different from those in the sham exposed groups. Comparison to published tumor rates in untreated mice revealed that the observed tumor rates were within the range of historical control data. In conclusion, the present study produced no evidence that the exposure of male and female B6C3F1 mice to wireless GSM and DCS radio frequency signals at a whole body absorption rate of up to 4.0 W/kg resulted in any adverse health effect or had any cumulative influence on the incidence or severity of neoplastic and non-neoplastic background lesions, and thus the study did not provide any evidence of RF possessing a carcinogenic potential.
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer-Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany. tillmann@item.fraunhofer.de
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tillmann
authors.forename: Heinrich
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ernst
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ebert
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kuster
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Behnke
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rittinghausen
authors.forename: Clemens
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dasenbrock
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015197:Carcinogenicity Tests / Q000379:methods; D040421:Cell Phone; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008872:Microwaves / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D011846:Radio Waves / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000009:adverse effects; D014916:Whole-Body Irradiation / Q000009:adverse effects*