title: Novel pharmacological targets for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Dopamine deficiency, caused by the degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, is the cause of the major clinical motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. These symptoms can be treated successfully with a range of drugs that include levodopa, inhibitors of the enzymatic breakdown of levodopa and dopamine agonists delivered by oral, subcutaneous, transcutaneous, intravenous or intra-duodenal routes. However, Parkinson's disease involves degeneration of non-dopaminergic neurons and the treatment of the resulting predominantly non-motor features remains a challenge. This review describes the important recent advances that underlie the development of novel dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic drugs for Parkinson's disease, and also for the motor complications that arise from the use of existing therapies.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK. a.schapira@medsch.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Anthony H V
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Schapira
authors.forename: Erwan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bezard
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brotchie
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Calon
authors.forename: Graham L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Collingridge
authors.forename: Borris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ferger
authors.forename: Bastian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hengerer
authors.forename: Etienne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jenner
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Le Novère
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Obeso
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Schwarzschild
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Spampinato
authors.forename: Giora
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Davidai
mesh_terms: D058917:Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018678:Cholinergic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D058917:Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D018678:Cholinergic Agents; D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists