title: Clinical and education workload measurements using personal digital assistant-based software.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are no accepted and practical measures of the relative clinical and educational activities of pediatricians who work in an academic health science center. Such measures are necessary for justification of existing and future human resource plans and evaluation of the activities and performance of physicians. The limited literature on the measurement of physician workload usually focuses on a specific subspecialty group and does not account for such issues as indirect patient care, such as telephone calls or e-mail consultations; variables that affect the delivery of clinical care, including patient acuity and complexity; and the presence of students during the patient care activities. After completing a pilot study that assessed the educational workload of faculty members, we adapted existing personal digital assistant technology and software to document clinical and educational activities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty full-time physicians from 4 subspecialty pediatric divisions participated in a 2-week evaluation project in May through June 2005. Clinical activities, with and without trainees, and educational activities were collected with the use of personal digital assistants. Software allowed an individualized division-specific drop-down menu. Information that was collected included clinical (location of activity, diagnosis, and time requirement) and educational activities. After completion of a 2-week data collection period, each physician was asked to complete a 5-question evaluation form.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The project was completed successfully with capture of additional clinical and educational activities. A 5-question evaluation form was completed by 70% of the participants at the end of the 2-week data collection. Data on clinical and educational activities were analyzed qualitatively and graphed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This method of workload data collection added significant information in capturing activities that are not measured in traditional workload evaluations for either clinical activities, such as e-mail, telephone, and patient information review, or educational endeavors, including mentoring and educational lectures and presentations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Room 1436, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8. daune.macgregor@sickkids.ca
authors.forename: Daune L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: MacGregor
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tallett
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: MacMillan
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gerber
authors.forename: Hugh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: O'Brodovich
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D034201:Computers, Handheld / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods; D005180:Faculty, Medical; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008611:Mentors; D005791:Patient Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000193:education* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012984:Software; D016526:Workload