title: Inhibition of tumor growth with antiangiogenic cancer vaccine using epitope peptides derived from human vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Antiangiogenic therapy is now considered to be one of promising approaches to treat various types of cancer. In this study, we examined the possibility of developing antiangiogenic cancer vaccine targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) overexpressed on endothelial cells of newly formed vessels in the tumor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Epitope-candidate peptides were predicted from the amino acid sequence of VEGFR1 based on their theoretical binding affinities to the corresponding HLAs. The A2/Kb transgenic mice, which express the alpha1 and alpha2 domains of human HLA-A*0201, were immunized with the epitope candidates to examine their effects. We also examined whether these peptides could induce human CTLs specific to the target cells in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CTL responses in A2/Kb transgenic mice were induced with vaccination using identified epitope peptides restricted to HLA-A*0201. Peptide-specific CTL clones were also induced in vitro with these identified epitope peptides from peripheral blood mononuclear cells donated by healthy volunteers with HLA-A*0201. We established CTL clones in vitro from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with HLA-A*2402 as well. These CTL clones were shown to have potent cytotoxicities in a HLA class I-restricted manner not only against peptide-pulsed target cells but also against target cells endogenously expressing VEGFR1. Furthermore, immunization of A2/Kb transgenic mice with identified epitope peptides restricted to HLA-A*0201 was associated with significant suppression of tumor-induced angiogenesis and tumor growth without showing apparent adverse effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results strongly suggest that VEGFR1 is a promising target for antiangiogenic cancer vaccine and warrants further clinical development of this strategy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Bioengineering, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidenobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishizaki
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsunoda
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Mai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.forename: Masabumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shibuya
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tahara
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D000939:Epitopes / Q000276:immunology*; D015234:HLA-A Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000276:immunology*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D000939:Epitopes; D015234:HLA-A Antigens; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1