title: Evaluation of catheter loops in central venous port systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to evaluate the cause for catheter loops of central venous ports.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 241 patients who received a central venous port via subclavian vein access were included in this retrospective study. Eighty of these patients had undergone a computed tomography of the chest, allowing retrospective evaluation of the course of central venous catheters. Complications were evaluated by review of the clinical data charts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 49 patients, the catheter penetrated only the major pectoralis muscle. Only one of these patients (2.0%) showed a loop. In 31 cases, the catheter went through both the major and minor pectoralis muscle, and in 26 of these patients (83.9%), a loop was seen. Complications after port implantation were catheter occlusion (n = 2), pneumothorax (n = 2), thrombosis (n = 2), infection (n = 1), and catheter dislocation (n = 1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The loop of catheter of central venous ports is caused by catheter penetration through pectoralis major and minor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Clinic of Aachen, Aachen, Germany. behrendt@rad.rwth-aachen.de
authors.forename: Florian F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Behrendt
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wingen
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katoh
authors.forename: Rolf W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Guenther
authors.forename: Arno
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buecker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015918:Infusion Pumps, Implantable; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017695:Soft Tissue Injuries; D016896:Treatment Outcome