title: Synthesis and biologic evaluation of a novel serotonin 5-HT1A receptor radioligand, 18F-labeled mefway, in rodents and imaging by PET in a nonhuman primate.
abstract: Serotonin 5-HT1A receptors have been implicated in disorders of the central nervous system and, therefore, are being studied by PET. Efforts are under way to improve in vivo stability of 5-HT1A agents currently in human use (11C-labeled N-(2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl-N-(2-pyridinyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide [11C-WAY-100635], 4-(2'-methoxyphenyl)-1-[2'-(N-2''-pyridinyl)-p-18F-fluorobenzamido]ethylpiperazine [18F-MPPF], and 18F-labeled trans-4-fluoro-N-(2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl]-N-(2-pyridyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide [18F-FCWAY]). We have synthesized N-{2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazinyl]ethyl}-N-(2-pyridyl)-N-(4-18F-fluoromethylcyclohexane)carboxamide (18F-mefway), which contains a 18F on a primary carbon to make the compound more stable to defluorination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Radiosynthesis of 18F-mefway was performed in a single tosylate for 18F-fluoride exchange. In vitro binding studies on rat brain slices using 18F-mefway were read on a phosphor imager. Monkey PET studies were performed on a whole-body PET scanner.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Binding affinity (inhibitory concentration of 50% [IC50]) of mefway was 26 nmol/L and was comparable to that of WAY-100635, 23 nmol/L. Yields of 18F-mefway were 20%-30% in specific activities of 74-111 GBq/micromol at the end of synthesis. In vitro binding of 18F-mefway in the hippocampus (Hp), colliculus (Co), cortex (Ctx), and other brain regions-with limited binding in the cerebellum (Cer)--was observed, with ratios of Hp/Cer = 82.3, Co/Cer = 45.8, and Ctx/Cer = 40. Serotonin displaced 18F-mefway from various brain regions with IC50 values in the range of 169-243 nmol/L. PET studies in a rhesus monkey showed 18F-mefway binding in the fontal cortex (FC), temporal cortex (TC) including hippocampus, raphe (Rp), and other brain regions, with ratios of FC/Cer = 9.0, TC/Cer = 10, and Rp/Cer = 3.3. Plasma analysis indicated the presence of approximately 30% of 18F-mefway at 150-180 min after injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high ratios in specific brain regions such as the hippocampus suggest that 18F-mefway has potential as a PET agent for 5HT1A receptors.
authors.affiliation: Brain Imaging Center, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-3960, USA. j.mukherjee@uci.edu
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saigal
authors.forename: Rama
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pichika
authors.forename: Balasubramaniam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Easwaramoorthy
authors.forename: Daphne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Bradley T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Christian
authors.forename: Bingzhi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Tanjore K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Narayanan
authors.forename: Steven G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Potkin
authors.forename: Jogeshwar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D008024:Ligands; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D010879:Piperazines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011725:Pyridines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D051381:Rats; D044282:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A / Q000378:metabolism*; D058829:Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Antagonists; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D051598:Whole Body Imaging
chemical_list: D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D008024:Ligands; D010879:Piperazines; D011725:Pyridines; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D058829:Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Antagonists; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists; C515664:mefway; D044282:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A; C090413:N-(2-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl)ethyl)-N-(2-pyridinyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide