title: Multiple origins of cultivated grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sativa) based on chloroplast DNA polymorphisms.
abstract: The domestication of the Eurasian grape (Vitis vinifera ssp. sativa) from its wild ancestor (Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris) has long been claimed to have occurred in Transcaucasia where its greatest genetic diversity is found and where very early archaeological evidence, including grape pips and artefacts of a 'wine culture', have been excavated. Whether from Transcaucasia or the nearby Taurus or Zagros Mountains, it is hypothesized that this wine culture spread southwards and eventually westwards around the Mediterranean basin, together with the transplantation of cultivated grape cuttings. However, the existence of morphological differentiation between cultivars from eastern and western ends of the modern distribution of the Eurasian grape suggests the existence of different genetic contribution from local sylvestris populations or multilocal selection and domestication of sylvestris genotypes. To tackle this issue, we analysed chlorotype variation and distribution in 1201 samples of sylvestris and sativa genotypes from the whole area of the species' distribution and studied their genetic relationships. The results suggest the existence of at least two important origins for the cultivated germplasm, one in the Near East and another in the western Mediterranean region, the latter of which gave rise to many of the current Western European cultivars. Indeed, over 70% of the Iberian Peninsula cultivars display chlorotypes that are only compatible with their having derived from western sylvestris populations.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, C/Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arroyo-García
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ruiz-García
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bolling
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ocete
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ergul
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Söylemezoğlu
authors.forename: H I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Uzun
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cabello
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ibáñez
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Aradhya
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Atanassov
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Atanassov
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balint
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cenis
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Costantini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goris-Lavets
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Grando
authors.forename: B Y
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: McGovern
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Merdinoglu
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pejic
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pelsy
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Primikirios
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Risovannaya
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Roubelakis-Angelakis
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Snoussi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sotiri
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tamhankar
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: This
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Troshin
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Malpica
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lefort
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Martinez-Zapater
mesh_terms: D018742:DNA, Chloroplast / Q000737:chemistry*; D005060:Europe; D005838:Genotype; D019083:Mediterranean Region; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008877:Middle East; D010802:Phylogeny; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D027843:Vitis / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018742:DNA, Chloroplast