title: AMP-activated protein kinase mediates preconditioning in cardiomyocytes by regulating activity and trafficking of sarcolemmal ATP-sensitive K(+) channels.
abstract: Brief periods of ischemia and reperfusion that precede sustained ischemia lead to a reduction in myocardial infarct size. This phenomenon, known as ischemic preconditioning, is mediated by signaling pathway(s) that is complex and yet to be fully defined. AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) is activated in cells under conditions associated with ATP depletion and increased AMP/ATP ratio. In the present study, we have taken advantage of a cardiac phenotype overexpressing a dominant negative form of the alpha2 subunit of AMPK to analyze the role, if any, that AMPK plays in preconditioning the heart. We have found that myocardial preconditioning activates AMPK in wild type, but not transgenic mice. Cardiac cells from transgenic mice could not be preconditioned, as opposed to cells from the wild type. The cytoprotective effect of AMPK was not related to the effect that preconditioning has on mitochondrial membrane potential as revealed by JC-1, a mitochondrial membrane potential-sensitive dye, and laser confocal microscopy. In contrast, experiments with di-8-ANEPPS, a sarcolemmal-potential sensitive dye, has demonstrated that intact AMPK activity is required for preconditioning-induced shortening of the action membrane potential. The preconditioning-induced activation of sarcolemmal K(ATP) channels was observed in wild type, but not in transgenic mice. HMR 1098, a selective inhibitor of sarcolemmal K(ATP) channels opening, inhibited preconditioning-induced shortening of action membrane potential as well as cardioprotection afforded by AMPK. Immunoprecipitation followed by Western blotting has shown that AMPK is essential for preconditioning-induced recruitment of sarcolemmal K(ATP) channels. Based on the obtained results, we conclude that AMPK mediates preconditioning in cardiac cells by regulating the activity and recruitment of sarcolemmal K(ATP) channels without being a part of signaling pathway that regulates mitochondrial membrane potential.
authors.affiliation: Maternal and Child Health Sciences, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
authors.forename: Andrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sukhodub
authors.forename: Sofija
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jovanović
authors.forename: Qingyou
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Grant
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Budas
authors.forename: Allyson K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Clelland
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Aleksandar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jovanović
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015640:Ion Channel Gating / Q000187:drug effects; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial; D008297:Male; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011955:Receptors, Drug; D012508:Sarcolemma / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D064233:Sulfonylurea Receptors; D013997:Time Factors; D000099161:Kcnj11 Channel
chemical_list: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D001549:Benzamides; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D015221:Potassium Channels; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011955:Receptors, Drug; D064233:Sulfonylurea Receptors; D000099161:Kcnj11 Channel; C410297:HMR 1098