title: Liver expression of hepcidin and other iron genes in two mouse models of beta-thalassemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Homozygous beta-thalassemia patients may develop iron overload even if untransfused, due to inappropriately high intestinal iron absorption. Reduction of hepcidin synthesis has been reported both in patients and in animal models. We have measured liver hepcidin and other iron gene transcripts in two different mouse models of beta-thalassemia at different ages.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice Hbb(th/th), characterized by spontaneous homozygous deletion of the major b1 globin gene were studied at 2 and 8 months. Mice Hbb(th/3+), characterized by the heterozygous deletion of b1 and b2 globin genes were studied at 4 and 10 months. Hematologic data were obtained and iron overload estimated by Perls' staining of the liver. Expression of liver hepcidin, Tfr2, Hjv, Fpn and Hfe RNA was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Levels of serum cytokines (interleukin-6, IL-1beta, IL-10, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) levels were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hemoglobin, hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume were significantly reduced in both beta-thalassemia models, more significantly in Hbb(th/3+), which have the greater, age-dependent, iron overload. Hepcidin RNA was not increased despite iron overload in both strains. Fpn RNA was increased and Tfr2 was decreased in older animals. Inflammatory cytokine levels were striking variable and unrelated to hepcidin levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although anemia is reported to inhibit hepcidin expression, normal hepcidin synthesis was maintained in both thalassemic models studied. However, hepcidin levels were inappropriate for the body iron, especially in Hbb(th/3+) 10-month-old animals. As we previously reported in wild type mice after parenteral iron overload, Tfr2 is reduced and Fpn RNA increased in thalassemic mice. Inflammatory cytokines did not play a major role in increasing hepcidin levels or in modifying iron homeostasis in this study.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Sezione di Medicina Interna Università di Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Franceschi
authors.forename: Filomena
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Daraio
authors.forename: Alida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Filippini
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carturan
authors.forename: Eva Maria
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Muchitsch
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roetto
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Camaschella
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D064451:Hepcidins; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D019190:Iron Overload / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D017086:beta-Thalassemia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; C579599:Hamp protein, mouse; D064451:Hepcidins; D007501:Iron