title: Adsorption and aggregation properties of heterogemini surfactants containing a quaternary ammonium salt and a sugar moiety.
abstract: A novel heterogemini surfactant comprising two hydrocarbon chains and two different hydrophilic groups such as a quaternary ammonium cation and gluconamide nonion N,N-dimethyl-N-[2-(N'-alkyl-N'-gluconamide)ethyl]-1-alkylammonium bromides (2CnAmGlu, where n represents hydrocarbon chain lengths of 8, 10, 12, and 14) was synthesized by reacting N,N-dimethylethylenediamine with alkyl bromide, followed by a reaction with 1,5-D(+)-gluconolactone. The adsorption properties of 2CnAmGlu were characterized by surface tension measurements made using the Wilhelmy plate method, and their aggregation properties were investigated by dynamic light scattering and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy techniques. The relationship between the hydrocarbon chain length and the logarithm of the critical micelle concentration (cmc) for 2CnAmGlu exhibited a linear decrease when the chain length was increased up to 12 and then a departure from linearity at n=14. The surface tension reached 24-26 mN m-1 at each cmc, indicating high efficiency in lowering the surface tension of water. Furthermore, it was found that the structure of the aggregate formed for 2CnAmGlu in solution was influenced by the hydrocarbon chain length; that is, for n=10 and 12, micelles with a hydrodynamic radius of 2-5 nm were formed, whereas vesicles were also observed for n=14.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Kanae
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nyuta
authors.forename: Tomokazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohkubo
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Esumi
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000478:Alkylation; D001965:Bromides / Q000737:chemistry; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry*; D020285:Cryoelectron Microscopy; D005942:Gluconates / Q000737:chemistry; D008745:Methylation; D008823:Micelles; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D015394:Molecular Structure; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D012492:Salts / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001965:Bromides; D002241:Carbohydrates; D005942:Gluconates; D008823:Micelles; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D012492:Salts; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014867:Water