title: Enhanced cardiovascular function and energy level by a novel chromium (III)-supplement.
abstract: The impetus for the novel Energy Formula (EF) which combines the niacin-bound chromium (III) (0.45%) (NBC), standardized extract of Withania somnifera extracts (10.71%), caffeine (22.76%), D-ribose (10.71%) and selected amino acids such as phenylalanine, taurine and glutamine (55.37%) was based on the knowledge of the cardioprotective potentials of the Withania somnifera extract, caffeine and D-ribose as well as their abilities to increase energy levels and the abilities of amino acids to increase the muscle mass and energy levels. The effect of oral supplementation of EF on the safety, myocardial energy levels and cardioprotective ability were investigated in an ischemic-reperfused myocardium model in both male and female Sprague-Dawley rats over 90 days trial period. At the completion of 90 days, the EF-treated male and female rats gained 9.4% and 3.1% less body weights, respectively, as compared to their corresponding control groups. No significant difference was found in the levels of lipid peroxidation and activities of hepatic Aspartate transaminase, Alanine transaminase and Alkaline phosphatase in EF treatment when compared with control animals. The male and female rat hearts were subjected to 30 min of global ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion at 30 and 90 days of EF treatment. Cardiovascular functions including heart rate, coronary flow, aortic flow, dp/dt(max), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and infarct size were monitored. The levels of myocardial adenosine triphosphate (ATP), creatine phosphate (CP), phospho-adenosine monophosphate kinase (p-AMPK) levels, were analyzed at the end of 30 and 90 days of treatment. Significant improvement was observed in all parameters in the EF treatment groups as compared to their corresponding controls. Thus the niacin-bound chromium (III) based energy formula is safe and effective supplement to boost energy levels and cardioprotection.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Medical Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
authors.forename: Mahesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thirunavukkarasu
authors.forename: Sureshvarma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Penumathsa
authors.forename: Bela
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Juhasz
authors.forename: Lijun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.forename: Manashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bagchi
authors.forename: Taharat
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasmin
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Shara
authors.forename: Hemant S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Thatte
authors.forename: Debasis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bagchi
authors.forename: Nilanjana
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maulik
mesh_terms: D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D017608:Chromium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D017608:Chromium Compounds; D010725:Phosphocreatine; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D011494:Protein Kinases