title: Plasma von Willebrand factor and soluble E-selectin levels in stable outpatients with systolic heart failure: the Frederiksberg heart failure study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endothelial dysfunction is a well-established aspect of the pathophysiology of patients with systolic heart failure. We have previously reported that patients who have had multiple current or previous hospital admissions for decompensated heart failure have consistently shown abnormal levels of plasma von Willebrand factor (vWf, an index of endothelial damage/dysfunction) and soluble E-selectin (E-sel, an index of endothelial activation), as well as other indices of endothelial perturbation.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate if endothelial abnormalities extend to CHF outpatients who have only been recently diagnosed or have relatively mild or few, stable symptoms (at baseline), given the better prognosis in these patients, we performed a cross-sectional analysis of CHF patients, where vWf and E-sel levels (as indices of endothelial perturbation) were measured (ELISA) and related to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), exercise capacity (6-min walk test) and N-terminal pro-Brain Natiuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no statistically significant differences in vWf and E-sel levels amongst patients with systolic heart failure compared to controls. Plasma NT-proBNP levels in patients with CHF were significantly elevated compared to controls (p<0.0001). Among the patients with CHF, higher NT-proBNP levels correlated with poorer LVEF [Spearman r=-0.244, p<0.004] and shorter 6-min walk distance [Spearman r=-0.226, p=0.045] but not NYHA class. Plasma vWf or E-sel levels did not correlate with LVEF, 6-min walk test or NYHA class. NT-proBNP levels correlated weakly with E-sel [Spearman r=-0.211, p=0.015] but not vWf.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present observation suggests that stable CHF outpatients with few symptoms may in fact have less severe endothelial perturbation, as reflected by plasma indices such as vWf and E-selectin. There was limited association of endothelial indices to LVEF, exercise capacity, NYHA class and NT-proBNP levels.
authors.affiliation: Haemostasis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology Unit, City Hospital, Dudley Road, Birmingham, B18 7QH United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Aun Yeong
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: Bethan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Freestone
authors.forename: Hoong Sern
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kistorp
authors.forename: Finn
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hildebrandt
authors.forename: Gregory Y H
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Lip
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients; D011379:Prognosis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012995:Solubility; D013599:Systole; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019040:E-Selectin; D014841:von Willebrand Factor