title: Effect of age and gender on restenosis after carotid endarterectomy.
abstract: Several studies have suggested that the benefits of CEA may be gender-dependent. The purpose of this study was to focus on age and gender outcomes after CEA. Three hundred seventy-two CEAs were performed in 344 patients (115 females, 229 males; mean age 72.9 years). Mean follow-up was 25.8 months. Data were collected retrospectively by chart review, and follow-up data were obtained by clinical examination and duplex ultrasound. Recurrent stenosis was defined as >50% and/or occlusion. Three hundred and seventy-two CEAs were performed in 120 female and 252 male carotid arteries: 97.3% of patients underwent patch angioplasty (bovine pericardium 71.5%, Dacron 21.8%, vein 3.8%, and polytetrafluoroethylene 0.3%) and 2.7% of patients underwent eversion endarterectomy. Perioperative mortality rate (30-day) was 0.8% (0% of females vs. 1.2% of males), and stroke rate was 0.5% (1.7% of females vs. 0% of males), with no significant gender difference (p = 0.554 and p = 0.103, respectively). Follow-up ultrasound revealed 21 (7%) restenoses (>50%) and/or occlusions, with a significantly higher rate of restenosis in females (14% vs. 3.9% in males, p = 0.008) and in patients <70 years of age at time of surgery (p = 0.003). There was no age difference between women and men with restenosis. Although there was no statistical difference in occurrence of restenosis between Dacron and bovine patch (p = 0.62), females who underwent patch angioplasty with Dacron were more likely to develop restenosis (p = 0.052). CEA is a low-risk procedure for significant carotid stenosis; however, females are more likely to develop restenosis after carotid surgery, especially with Dacron patches. Younger patients appear to be at a higher risk of restenosis after surgery.
authors.affiliation: Section of Vascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hugl
authors.forename: W Andrew
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Oldenburg
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Neuhauser
authors.forename: Albert G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Hakaim
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017130:Angioplasty / Q000009:adverse effects; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome