title: The impact of rotary blood pump in conjunction with mechanical ventilation on ventricular energetic parameters - numerical simulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aim of this work is to study the impact of left ventricular rotary blood pump assistance, on energetic variables, when mechanical ventilation (MV) of the lungs is applied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Computer simulation was used to perform this study. Lumped parameter models reproduce the circulatory system. Variable elastance models reproduce the Starling's law of the heart for each ventricle. After the reproduction of ischemic heart disease left ventricular assistance was applied using a model of rotary blood pump. The pump speed was changed in steps and was assumed to be constant during each step. The influence of mechanical ventilation was introduced by different values of positive mean thoracic pressure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The increase of the rotational speed has a significant influence on some ventricular energetic variables. In fact it decreased left ventricular external work, left and right ventricular pressure-volume area and the left ventricular efficiency. Finally, it increased the right ventricular efficiency but had no influence on the right ventricular external work. The increase of thoracic pressure from -2 to +5 mmHg caused a significant decrease of external work, pressure-volume area (right ventricular pressure-volume area dropped up to 50%) and an increase of right ventricular efficiency (by 40%) while left ventricular efficiency remained almost stable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Numerical simulation is a very suitable tool to predict changes of not easily measurable parameters such as energetic ventricular variables when mechanical assistance of heart and/or lungs is applied independently or simultaneously.
authors.affiliation: C.N.R., Institute of Clinical Physiology - Rome Section, Cardiovascular Engineering Group, Italy. dela@ifc.cnr.it
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Lazzari
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Darowski
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Pisanelli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tosti
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D006353:Heart-Assist Devices; D006801:Humans; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D016276:Ventricular Function; D017725:Ventricular Pressure / Q000502:physiology*