Prostate cancer imaging--what the urologic oncologist needs to know.
Appropriate imaging for prostate cancer patients depends on the clinical disease state of the patient and the question being asked. For patients who do not have a cancer diagnosis, ultrasound is the standard approach, in combination with a sextant biopsy. In the future, contrast-enhanced ultrasound and MR imaging-directed biopsy may improve biopsy yield and decrease biopsy number. For clinically localized disease, endorectal coil MR imaging and bone scanning may play a role in patients who have risk factors for extracapsular extension, but more data are needed to define the role of MR spectroscopy and lymphtrophic nanoparticle MR imaging. In the rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) setting after definitive local therapy, endorectal coil MR imaging may help define local recurrence, whereas bone scanning can be useful in the setting of higher PSA or rapid PSA velocity.
Ross
Robert
R
Dana 1230, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 0211, USA. rwross@partners.org
Harisinghani
Mukesh
M
D001706:Biopsy; D003287:Contrast Media; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008495:Medical Oncology; D053758:Nanoparticles; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015642:Radiology, Interventional; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
D003287:Contrast Media; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen