title: Current options in head and neck reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Understand current trends in the treatment of head and neck cancer. 2. Discuss the challenges of reconstructing head and neck defects 3. Understand the different reconstructive options available for specific anatomical regions of the head and neck.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Reconstructive surgery of the head and neck is both technically challenging and rewarding. In the past 20 years, significant advances in this field have improved surgical outcomes and patient function. The development and subsequent refinement of microvascular techniques, in particular, have been a major reason for this progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this article, the authors review the current options available in head and neck reconstruction. Because a large number of major craniocervicofacial defects result from oncologic resection, the authors have focused their review on this particular subject. By dividing their discussion into different anatomical sites, the authors hope to cover all major aspects of this broad topic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Free tissue transfer has revolutionized head and neck reconstruction. The most widely used free flaps include the fibula, radial forearm, anterolateral thigh, and rectus abdominis. Restoration of both form and function is the ultimate goal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although defects of the head and neck region present a challenge, successful cosmetic and functional results have been achieved with both local and free tissue flaps. The flexibility of free tissue transfer, however, has dominated this area and continues to be the method of choice for reconstruction of sizable defects.
authors.affiliation: Orange, Calif. From the Aesthetic and Plastic Surgery Institute, University of California Irvine Medical Center.
authors.forename: Keith A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hurvitz
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Gregory R D
authors.initials: GRD
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D005544:Forecasting; D006257:Head / Q000601:surgery*; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery; D009333:Neck / Q000601:surgery*; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012535:Scalp / Q000601:surgery; D016038:Skin Transplantation; D019291:Skull Base / Q000601:surgery; D017695:Soft Tissue Injuries / Q000601:surgery; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014059:Tongue / Q000601:surgery