title: A common mitochondrial DNA variant and increased body mass index as associated factors for development of type 2 diabetes: Additive effects of genetic and environmental factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The suggested correlation between a T-to-C transition at the nucleotide 16189 in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) with increasing insulin resistance and adult-onset diabetes mellitus (DM) is debatable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our study examined mtDNA from 462 subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and 592 normoglycemic controls (non-DM). Each participant's body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin concentration, insulin resistance index, and beta-cell function were measured. Sequencing for mtDNA, focusing on exploration of the hypervariable polycytosine tract within the control region, was also conducted in all subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of the mtDNA 16189 variant was significantly different between DM and non-DM subjects (39.2% vs. 30.7% respectively; P = 0.004). Increased incidence of DM was noted in those harboring the 16189 variant compared with those lacking the variant (multivariate odds ratio, 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-1.80). Moreover, increased BMI was identified as an aggravating factor for development of DM in subjects harboring the variant. Odds ratio determinations yielded 2.14 in overweight and 4.63 in obese subjects harboring the variant in comparison with subjects without (1.83 in overweight and 2.16 in obese subjects). This is consistent with a progressively increased prevalence of the mtDNA 16189 variant in the non-DM groups with higher fasting insulin concentration, insulin resistance index, and beta-cell function (all P(trend) < 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mtDNA 16189 variant can influence development of T2DM. The demonstrated dynamic between the 16189 variant and increased BMI exemplify an additive effect of genetic and environmental factors on the pathogenesis of T2DM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 83305. cwliou@ms22.hinet.net
authors.forename: Chia-Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Liou
authors.forename: Tsu-Kung
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Hsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huei Weng
authors.forename: Cheng-Feng
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tzu-Ling
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yau-Huei
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Shang-Der
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yao-Chung
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Shao-Wen
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: Pei-Wen
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial