Catastrophizing and pain-contingent rest predict patient adjustment in men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome.
Cognitive/behavioral and environmental variables are significant predictors of patient adjustment in chronic pain. Using a biopsychosocial template and selecting several pain-relevant constructs from physical, cognitive/behavioral, and environmental predictors, outcomes of pain and disability in chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) were explored. Men (n = 253) from a North American multi-institutional NIH-funded Chronic Prostatitis Cohort Study in 6 US and 1 Canadian centers participated in a survey examining pain and disability. Measures included demographics, urinary symptoms, depression, pain, disability, catastrophizing, control over pain, pain-contingent rest, social support, and solicitous responses from a significant other. Regressions showed that urinary symptoms (beta = .20), depression (beta = .24), and helplessness catastrophizing (beta = .29) predicted overall pain. Further, affective pain was predicted by depression (beta = .39) and helplessness catastrophizing (beta = .44), whereas sensory pain was predicted by urinary symptoms (beta = .25) and helplessness catastrophizing (beta = .37). With regard to disability, urinary symptoms (beta = .17), pain (beta = .21), and pain-contingent rest (beta = .33) were the predictors. These results suggest cognitive/behavioral variables (ie, catastrophizing, pain-contingent rest) may have significant impact on patient adjustment in CP/CPPS. Findings support the need for greater research of such pain-related variables in CP/CPPS.


CONCLUSIONS
This article explores predictors of patient adjustment in chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS). Cognitive/behavioral variables of catastrophizing and pain-contingent rest respectively predicted greater pain and disability. Catastrophic helplessness was a prominent pain predictor. These findings inform clinicians and researchers on several new variables in CP/CPPS outcomes and suggest future research.
Tripp
Dean A
DA
Department of Psychology, Anesthesiology and Urology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. dean.tripp@queensu.ca
Nickel
J Curtis
JC
Wang
Yanlin
Y
Litwin
Mark S
MS
McNaughton-Collins
Mary
M
Landis
J Richard
JR
Alexander
Richard B
RB
Schaeffer
Anthony J
AJ
O'Leary
Michael P
MP
Pontari
Michel A
MA
Fowler
Jackson E
JE
Nyberg
Leroy M
LM
Kusek
John W
JW
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000786:Anger; D002170:Canada; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000523:psychology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011472:Prostatitis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012146:Rest / Q000523:psychology*; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology