title: An in vitro biomechanical comparison between prototype tapered shaft cortical bone screws and AO cortical bone screws for an equine metacarpal dynamic compression plate fixation of osteotomized equine third metacarpal bones.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare biomechanical properties of a prototype 5.5 mm tapered shaft cortical screw (TSS) and 5.5 mm AO cortical screw for an equine third metacarpal dynamic compression plate (EM-DCP) fixation to repair osteotomized equine third metacarpal (MC3) bones.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paired in vitro biomechanical testing of cadaveric equine MC3 with a mid-diaphyseal osteotomy, stabilized by 1 of 2 methods for fracture fixation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult equine cadaveric MC3 bones (n=12 pairs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve pairs of equine MC3 were divided into 3 groups (4 pairs each) for (1) 4-point bending single cycle to failure testing, (2) 4-point bending cyclic fatigue testing, and (3) torsional single cycle to failure testing. An EM-DCP (10-hole, 4.5 mm) was applied to the dorsal surface of each, mid-diaphyseal osteotomized, MC3 pair. For each MC3 bone pair, 1 was randomly chosen to have the EM-DCP secured with four 5.5 mm TSS (2 screws proximal and distal to the osteotomy; TSS construct), two 5.5 mm AO cortical screws (most proximal and distal holes in the plate) and four 4.5 mm AO cortical screws in the remaining holes. The control construct (AO construct) had four 5.5 mm AO cortical screws to secure the EM-DCP in the 2 holes proximal and distal to the osteotomy in the contralateral bone from each pair. The remaining holes of the EM-DCP were filled with two 5.5 mm AO cortical screws (most proximal and distal holes in the plate) and four 4.5 mm AO cortical screws. All plates and screws were applied using standard AO/ASIF techniques. Mean test variable values for each method were compared using a paired t-test within each group. Significance was set at P<.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean 4-point bending yield load, yield bending moment, bending composite rigidity, failure load and failure bending moment of the TSS construct were significantly greater (P<.00004 for yield and P<.00001 for failure loads) than those of the AO construct. Mean cycles to failure in 4-point bending of the TSS construct was significantly greater (P<.0002) than that of the AO construct. The mean yield load and composite rigidity in torsion of the TSS construct were significantly greater (P<.0039 and P<.00003, respectively) than that of the AO construct.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TSS construct provides increased stability in both static overload testing and cyclic fatigue testing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this in vitro study support the conclusion that the EM-DCP fixation using the prototype 5.5 mm TSS is biomechanically superior to the EM-DCP fixation using 5.5 mm AO cortical screws for the stabilization of osteotomized equine MC3.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA. gsod@vetmed.lsu.edu
authors.forename: Gary A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Sod
authors.forename: Jeremy D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Hubert
authors.forename: George S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Marjorie S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Gill
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001860:Bone Plates / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary; D001863:Bone Screws / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*; D002102:Cadaver; D019245:Compressive Strength; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D006736:Horses; D016268:Internal Fixators / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary; D050279:Metacarpal Bones / Q000601:surgery*; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014102:Torsion Abnormality