title: Presence of hydrosalpinx correlated to endometrial inflammatory response in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate and compare the inflammatory response and mediators in the endometrium of patients with hydrosalpinges compared with normal controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urban medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hysterectomy samples were identified as being affected by hydrosalpinx or salpingitis (n = 30) and were age-matched with control samples (n = 30).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fallopian tube and endometrial slides were analyzed for leukocytes and immunohistochemical techniques performed for cytokines (interleukin-2 [IL-2]).
  
  
  METHODS
  Evaluate and compare the endometrial inflammatory response (leukocytes and cytokines) from samples affected and non-affected by hydrosalpinx and salpingitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Examination of tubal and endometrial slides with hydrosalpinx demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the number of overall inflammatory cells. High-intensity immunohistochemical staining for IL-2 was demonstrated in 7.4% of controls versus 65% of cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A defined, identifiable, local response to hydrosalpingeal fluid has been demonstrated in the endometrium. This response consists of statistically significant elevations of leukocytes and IL-2. An inflammatory endometrial response may be an independent contributor to the decreased reproductive outcome observed in patients with hydrosalpinges.
authors.affiliation: Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York, New York, USA. acopperman@rmany.com
authors.forename: Alan B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Copperman
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luna
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kalir
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sandler
authors.forename: Tanmoy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D004716:Endometritis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012488:Salpingitis / Q000276:immunology*; D013223:Statistics as Topic
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines