title: Surgical site infection following bowel surgery: a retrospective analysis of 1446 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine whether the administration of preoperative antibiotics, intraoperative transfusion of blood products, and intraoperative hypothermia has any impact on the incidence of postoperative surgical site infections (SSIs) in a heterogeneous patient population undergoing bowel surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  From September through December 2002, data on 1472 patients undergoing bowel surgery at 31 academic medical centers in the United States were collected.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were included in the analysis if they were older than 17 years of age and underwent any surgery involving the small bowel, colon, or rectum. Main Outcome Measure Postoperative SSI. Variables that might affect the risk for developing SSIs were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Perioperative transfusion (P = .04; odds ratio, 1.64), and the presence of any infection at the time of surgery (P = .05; odds ratio, 2.46) were independent risk factors for SSI. Patients with a lower intraoperative temperature nadir had a lower risk for SSI (P = .05; odds ratio, 1.33), although this difference is not clinically significant (35.8 degrees C +/- 0.8 degrees C vs 36.0 degrees C +/- 0.9 degrees C, P<.05). There was a trend toward statistical significance for wound class when added to the multivariate model (P = .09; odds ratio, 1.41). The administration of antibiotics within 120 minutes prior to incision or within 120 minutes prior to and 120 minutes after incision had no effect on SSIs in this patient population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study validates perioperative transfusion as an independent risk factor for SSI. The lack of effectiveness of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis is surprising because it is discordant with the previous literature, and this finding needs further evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, Worcester 01536, USA. walzm@ummhc.org
authors.forename: J Matthias
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Walz
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Paterson
authors.forename: Jeanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Seligowski
authors.forename: Stephen O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Heard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D015897:Comorbidity; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000150:complications; D015994:Incidence; D047589:Leukocyte Reduction Procedures; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019990:Perioperative Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D065227:Transfusion Reaction