title: Epidemiological surveillance of human enteric viruses by monitoring of different environmental matrices.
abstract: In the aim of studying possible relations between viruses detected in clinical specimens and the ones found in different environmental matrices, in the period May 2004 to April 2005, the collection of faecal samples from gastroenteritis cases and the monthly monitoring of raw and treated wastewater, river water, seawater and mussels were carried out. The viruses considered for environmental monitoring were adenovirus, rotavirus, enterovirus, norovirus, hepatitis A virus (HAV) and Torque teno virus (TTV): they were searched for with PCR and RT-PCR and confirmed by gene sequencing. Faecal coliforms and somatic coliphages' counts were also determined. The surveillance of case detected 45 positive faecal samples out of 255 (17.6%) while 35 of 56 environmental samples (62.5%) resulted positive for at least one of the considered viruses. The detection of the same viral strain in the faeces of gastroenteritis cases and in water was possible for adenovirus and rotavirus, which were also predominant in environmental matrices; thus they could be considered as a reference for risk assessment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Pathology, Medical Biotechnologies, Infectology and Epidemiology, University of Pisa, via S Zeno 35, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carducci
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Verani
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Battistini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pizzi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rovini
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Andreoli
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Casini
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers