Proteomic identification of macrophage migration-inhibitory factor upon exposure to TiO2 particles.
Inhalation of particulate matter aggravates respiratory symptoms in patients with chronic airway diseases, but the mechanisms underlying this response remain poorly understood. We used a proteomics approach to examine this phenomenon. Treatment of epithelial cells with BSA-coated titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) particles altered 20 protein spots on the two-dimensional gel, and these were then analyzed by nano-LC-MS/MS. These proteins included defense-related, cell-activating, and cytoskeletal proteins implicated in the response to oxidative stress. The proteins were classified into four groups according to the time course of their expression patterns. For validation, RT-PCR was performed on extracts of in vitro TiO(2)-treated cells, and lung issues from TiO(2)-treated rats were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and enzyme immunoassay. TiO(2) treatment was found to increase the amount of mRNA for macrophage migration-inhibitory factor (MIF). MIF was expressed primarily in epithelium and was elevated in lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of TiO(2)-treated rats as compared with sham-treated rats. Carbon black and diesel exhaust particles also induced expression of MIF protein in the epithelial cells.
Cha
Myung-Hwa
MH
Genome Research Center for Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-853, Korea.
Rhim
TaiYoun
T
Kim
Kyung Hun
KH
Jang
An-Soo
AS
Paik
Young-Ki
YK
Park
Choon-Sik
CS
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000187:drug effects; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014025:Titanium / Q000633:toxicity*; D014153:Transaldolase / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics
D018118:Chloride Channels; C501967:Clic1 protein, mouse; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; D052638:Particulate Matter; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium; D014153:Transaldolase