title: Head-mounted displays for clinical virtual reality applications: pitfalls in understanding user behavior while using technology.
abstract: The use of virtual environments with head-mounted displays (HMDs) offers unique assets to the evaluation and therapy of clinical populations. However, research examining the effects of this technology on clinical populations is sparse. Understanding how wearers interact with the HMD is vital. Discomfort leads to altered use of the HMD that could confound performance measures; the very measures which might be used as tools for clinical decision making. The current study is a post-hoc analysis of the relationship between HMD use and HMD comfort. The analysis was conducted to examine contributing factors for a high incidence of simulator sickness observed in an HMD-based driving simulator. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate objective and subjective measures of HMD performance and self-reported user comfort ratings. The results indicated weak correlations between these variables, indicating the complexity of quantifying user discomfort and HMD performance. Comparison of two case studies detailing user behavior in the virtual environment demonstrates that selected variables may not capture how individuals use the HMD. The validity and usefulness of the HMD-based virtual environments must be understood to fully reap the benefits of virtual reality (VR) in rehabilitation medicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Simone
authors.forename: Maria T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Schultheis
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rebimbas
authors.forename: Scott R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Millis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001292:Attitude to Computers; D001334:Automobile Driving; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D020208:Brain Injury, Chronic / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003199:Computer Systems; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology*; D012984:Software; D014584:User-Computer Interface