title: Current data with mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors in advanced-stage renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is the key regulator of cell growth and proliferation. Alterations in the mTOR signaling pathway can lead to neoplastic transformation and progression. The inhibition of mTOR blocks the progression of the cell cycle from G1 to S phase, leading to cell growth arrest and apoptosis. Thus, mTOR is a promising target for the treatment of human malignancies. Rapamycin and its analogues, including temsirolimus, everolimus, and AP23573, block the mTOR signaling pathway and induce a cellular state akin to starvation, with significant antitumor activity in a variety of malignancies, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Current data from ongoing clinical trials suggest that mTOR-targeted therapy with rapamycin derivatives is well tolerated with significant clinical activity in patients with advanced-stage RCC. Specifically, temsirolimus as monotherapy has demonstrated improved progression-free and overall survival in patients with poor-risk advanced-stage RCC. Everolimus has also demonstrated promising antitumor activity in patients with metastatic RCC. However, optimal dose, treatment schedule, selection of patients, and appropriate combination strategies with other novel agents need to be defined for mTOR-targeted therapies in the treatment of advanced-stage RCC.
authors.affiliation: CIG Media Group, LP, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: G Kesava
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Tariq I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Mughal
authors.forename: Brian I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Rini
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000187:drug effects*; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011494:Protein Kinases; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases