title: GnRH antagonist-induced inhibition of the premature LH surge increases pregnancy rates in IUI-stimulated cycles. A prospective randomized trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our prospective randomized controlled trial was designed to assess whether the use of GnRH antagonists can improve the success rate of controlled ovarian stimulation (COS)/intrauterine insemination (IUI) treatments, via inhibition of the premature LH rise.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 104 patients were randomly divided, using a randomization list, into two groups: in group A (n = 52), recombinant FSH (rFSH) was given with GnRH antagonist Cetrorelix, and in group B (n = 52), the patients received rFSH alone in a manner similar to that of group A. The primary outcome measure was clinical pregnancy rate per couple.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pregnancy rate per patient was 53.8% in group A and 30.8% in group B (P = 0.017). The rate of premature LH surge was 7% in group A and 35% in group B (P < 0.0001). A premature luteinization was observed in two cycles of 144 in group A (1.4%) and in 16 cycles of 154 in group B (10.4%) (P = 0.001). The mean values of LH and progesterone were significantly lower in patients receiving GnRH antagonist than in those who did not (3.3 +/- 3.3 mIU/ml in group A versus 9.9 +/- 7.9 mIU/ml in group B, P < 0.0001, for LH; 1.3 +/- 1.1 ng/ml versus 2.1 +/- 1.9 ng/ml for group A and B, respectively, P < 0.0001, for progesterone).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of GnRH antagonist in COS/IUI cycles improves pregnancy rate, preventing the premature LH rise and luteinization.
authors.affiliation: ANDROS Day Surgery, Reproductive Medicine Unit, Palermo, Italy. allegra@centroandros.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Allegra
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Coffaro
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scaglione
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sammartano
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rizza
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Volpes
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006727:Hormone Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007315:Insemination, Artificial; D034461:Luteinization / Q000187:drug effects; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood*; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D006727:Hormone Antagonists; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; C062876:cetrorelix