title: Stromal-epithelial interaction in prostate cancer progression.
abstract: Cancer is not a single-cell disease, and its existence and behavior are constantly modulated by the host. Cancer gene expression and genetics are also highly dynamic and are regulated epigenetically by the host through gene-environment interaction. In this article, we describe the molecular pathways leading to an unusual property of cancer cells: the ability to mimic the host microenvironment and, in particular, the characteristics of osteomimicry and vasculogenic mimicry, which are likely to be regulated by soluble and insoluble factors in the tumor-adjacent microenvironment. We also discuss the importance of host inflammatory and stem cells that contribute to the growth and survival of cancer cells. By understanding the salient features of cancer-host interaction, novel therapeutics might be developed to target the cancer and its host in the treatment of lethal prostate cancer metastases.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Urology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Urology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. lwchung@emory.edu
authors.forename: Leland W K
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Wen-Chin
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Shian-Ying
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Daqing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Odero-Marah
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Katsumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shigemura
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyagi
authors.forename: Seogil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Chumeng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Joe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Molitierno
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Elmore
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Isotani
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Edlund
authors.forename: Chia-Ling
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Ruoxiang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bahig
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shehata
authors.forename: Haiyen E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Zhau
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002450:Cell Communication; D018450:Disease Progression; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor