title: Cytotoxic potential of phenothiazines.
abstract: Phenothiazines, a kind of sulfur-containing tricyclic compounds, have diverse biological activities including tranquilizer, antibacterial, antitumor and antihelmintic activities due to the relatively lower cytotoxicity. Phenothiazines have been used for clinical treatments as psychotropics. In contrast to the psychotropic preparations, their information of other biological activities of phenothiazines and their related compounds has been limited. This review article summarizes the interaction with DNA (using quantum calculation), antitumor activity, differentiation or apoptosis-inducing activity, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induction, antiproliferative activity, radical scavenging activity, antimutagenic activity, antiplasmid activity, antibacterial activity, reversal of multidrug resistance (MDR), blast transformation activity of phenothiazines, benz[c]acridines and benzo[a]phenothiazines.
authors.affiliation: Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan. noborumotohashi@jcom.home.ne.jp
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Motohashi
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawase
authors.forename: Kazue
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakagami
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D010640:Phenothiazines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity*; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010640:Phenothiazines; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs