title: Clinical features of depressed children and adolescents with various forms of suicidality.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine various forms of suicidality specified in DSM-IV and their clinical characteristics in a large sample of children and adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects included 553 children and adolescents (aged 7.0-14.9 years) recruited between April 2000 and December 2004 from 23 mental health facilities in Hungary. Subjects received standardized clinical evaluations and best-estimate consensus DSM-IV diagnoses of MDD. All subjects were in a current episode of MDD at their assessment date.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 68% of the sample had recurrent thoughts of death, 48% had suicidal ideation, 30% had suicide plan, and 12% had attempted suicide. Compared with nonsuicidal peers, suicidal children and adolescents were more severely depressed, had more depressive symptoms, and more likely had comorbid disorders. However, depressed children and adolescents with various forms of suicidality were very similar in clinical characteristics. Feelings of worthlessness, depressed mood, psychomotor agitation, and comorbid separation anxiety and conduct disorders were independent correlates of at least 1 form of suicidality. Only feelings of worthlessness was related to all 4 suicidal behaviors, after adjustment for other depressive symptoms, comorbid disorders, and demographics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical characteristics differ between nonsuicidal and suicidal children and adolescents but are very similar across various forms of suicidality. Feelings of worthlessness may play a central role in the development of suicidal behavior. Interventions toward the enhancement of self-esteem and amelioration of underlying psychopathology may be crucial for the prevention of suicide attempts in depressed children and adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. xcliu@pitt.edu
authors.forename: Xianchen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Amy L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Gentzler
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tepper
authors.forename: Enikö
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.forename: Viola Osváth
authors.initials: VO
authors.lastname: Kothencné
authors.forename: Zsuzsanna
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tamás
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vetró
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kovacs
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data