title: Effects of silica coating and silane surface conditioning on the bond strength of metal and ceramic brackets to enamel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of tribochemical silica coating and silane surface conditioning on the bond strength of metal and ceramic brackets bonded to enamel surfaces with light-cured composite resin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty metal and 20 ceramic brackets were divided into four groups (n = 10 for each group). The specimens were randomly assigned to one of the following treatment conditions of the metal and ceramic brackets' surface: (1) tribochemical silica coating combined with silane and (2) no treatment. Brackets were bonded to the enamel surface on the labial and lingual sides of human maxillary premolars (20 total) with a light-polymerized resin composite. All specimens were stored in water for 1 week at 37 degrees C and then thermocycled (5000 cycles, 5 degrees C to 55 degrees C, 30 seconds). The shear bond strength values were measured on a universal testing machine. Student's t-test was used to compare the data (alpha = 0.05). The types of failures were observed using a stereomicroscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Metal and ceramic brackets treated with silica coating with silanization had significantly greater bond strength values (metal brackets: 14.2 +/- 1.7 MPa, P < .01; ceramic brackets: 25.9 +/- 4.4 MPa, P < .0001) than the control groups (metal brackets: 11.9 +/- 1.3 MPa; ceramic brackets: 15.6 +/- 4.2 MPa). Treated specimens of metal and ceramic exhibited cohesive failures in resin and adhesive failures at the enamel-adhesive interface, whereas control specimens showed mixed types of failures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Silica coating with aluminum trioxide particles coated with silica followed by silanization gave higher bond strengths in both metal and ceramic brackets than in the control group.
authors.affiliation: Prosthetic Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Turkey. saadetats@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Saadet Sağlam
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Atsü
authors.forename: Ibrahim Erhan
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Gelgör
authors.forename: Volkan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sahin
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D020906:Air Abrasion, Dental; D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D001641:Bicuspid; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D033081:Shear Strength; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003188:Composite Resins; D003722:Dental Alloys; D019279:Resin Cements; D012821:Silanes; D012822:Silicon Dioxide