title: The diagnosis and management of pleural empyema.
abstract: The diagnosis and management of pleural infection continues to improve steadily. Recent advances include: newer, smaller, and more comfortable chest drainage catheters; improved pleural pus drainage with the aid of intrapleural fibrinolytics; and improved surgical procedures including thoracoscopic surgery. The optimal size of chest drainage tube remains a matter of debate, with no large data sets available to clarify the optimal tube size. In contrast, there are now small controlled trials of sound basic methodology which suggest a therapeutic role for both fibrinolytics and thoracoscopy. Studies large enough to establish clearly the efficacy and safety of these approaches are now at the planning and recruitment stage.
authors.affiliation: Osler Chest Unit and bDepartment of Radiology, Churchill Hospital Site, Oxford Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: F V
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Gleeson