title: Influence of accommodative lag upon the far-gradient measurement of accommodative convergence to accommodation ratio in strabismic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the influence of the lag of accommodation (LOA) on the accommodative convergence to accommodation (AC/A) ratio measured by the far-gradient method in strabismic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The AC/A ratio was measured with a distance target viewed with and without -3.00 diopter (D) addition lenses in 63 patients with different types of strabismus (age range, 7-34 years; range of strabismic angle, -60 to +40 prism diopters; refractive error range, -7.33 to +6.63 D). The LOA for the same lens was measured with an open-view-type autorefractometer. The stimulus AC/A ratio and the AC/A ratio adjusted by the individually measured LOA (adjusted AC/A ratio) were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean +/- SD of the LOA to the -3.00 D lenses was 1.06 +/- 0.43 D. The mean adjusted AC/A ratio was 41% greater than the stimulus AC/A ratio. The LOA differed widely among patients (0.13 to 2.14 D), and a large LOA tended to appear in myopic or young patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The AC/A ratio obtained using the conventional far-gradient method is significantly biased by the LOA, and thus does not always represent the actual relationship between accommodation and vergence control systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan. shasebe@md.okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hasebe
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohtsuki
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003290:Convergence, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005139:Eyeglasses; D006801:Humans; D009216:Myopia / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D013285:Strabismus / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy