title: IL-10 protects mouse intestinal epithelial cells from Fas-induced apoptosis via modulating Fas expression and altering caspase-8 and FLIP expression.
abstract: We have previously shown that the absence of Fas/Fas ligand significantly reduced tissue damage and intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) apoptosis in an in vivo model of T cell-mediated enteropathy. This enteropathy was more severe in IL-10-deficient mice, and this was associated with increased serum levels of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha and an increase in Fas expression on IECs. In this study, we investigated the potential of IL-10 to directly influence Fas expression and Fas-induced IEC apoptosis. Mouse intestinal epithelial cell lines MODE-K and IEC4.1 were cultured with IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, or anti-Fas monoclonal antibody (mAb) in the presence or absence of IL-10. Fas expression and apoptosis were determined by FACScan analysis of phycoerythrin-anti-Fas mAb staining and annexin V staining, respectively. Treatment with a combination of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha induced significant apoptosis. Anti-Fas mAb alone did not induce much apoptosis unless cells were pretreated with IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. These IECs constitutively expressed low levels of Fas, which significantly increased by preincubation of the cells with IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. Treatment with cytokine or cytokine plus anti-Fas mAb increased apoptosis, which correlated with a decreased Fas-associated death domain IL-1-converting enzyme-like inhibitory protein (FLIP) level, increased caspase-8 activity, and subsequently increased caspase-3 activity. IL-10 diminished both cytokine- and anti-Fas mAb-induced apoptosis, and this was correlated with decreased cytokine-induced Fas expression, increased FLIP, and decreased caspase-8 and caspase-3 activity. In conclusion, IL-10 modulated cytokine induction of Fas expression on IEC cell lines and regulated IEC susceptibility to TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and Fas-mediated apoptosis. These findings suggest that IL-10 directly modulates IEC responses to T cell-mediated apoptotic signals.
authors.affiliation: Intestinal Disease Research, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Mantej S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Bharhani
authors.forename: Rajka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Borojevic
authors.forename: Shibesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basak
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Pengfei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Croitoru
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017304:Annexin A5 / Q000378:metabolism; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D053446:CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D053181:Caspase 8 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D017304:Annexin A5; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D053446:CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein; D016207:Cytokines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019014:fas Receptor; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D053181:Caspase 8