title: Susceptibility and protection of naive and vaccinated racing pigeons (Columbia livia) against exotic Newcastle disease virus from the California 2002-2003 outbreak.
abstract: The susceptibility, immune response, and protection to challenge after vaccination in racing pigeons (Columbia livia) was assessed with the 2002-2003 exotic Newcastle disease (END) virus responsible for the most recent major outbreak in Southern California. Immunologically naïve pigeons appeared resistant to disease, regardless of dose, after a natural route of exposure. Twenty percent morbidity was observed in each group of birds receiving between 10(2.1) and 10(8.1) 50% embryo infectious dose (EID50) per bird, with one bird succumbing to challenge in the 10(8.1) EID50/bird group at day 12 postinoculation. Although resistant to disease, birds in all groups continued to shed virus from either oral or cloacal route at the end of the 14-day sampling period, and seroconversion was only observed in birds receiving > or =10(6.1) EID50. Single or double vaccination of juvenile and adult birds with pigeon paramyxovirus virus type 1 (PPMV-1) vaccine followed by END challenge with 10(6.1) EID50/bird decreased the duration, incidence, and viral load. A positive correlation was observed between the presence of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titers at challenge and decreased viral shedding. Overt clinical signs of disease were not observed in any PPMV-1-vaccinated birds after challenge.
authors.affiliation: Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
authors.forename: Darrell R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Kapczynski
authors.forename: Mark G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: King
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D010856:Columbidae / Q000821:virology*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D009521:Newcastle Disease / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014611:Vaccination; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D017201:Virus Shedding
chemical_list: D014765:Viral Vaccines