title: Dentoskeletal effects and "effective" temporomandibular joint, maxilla and chin changes in good and bad responders to van Beek activator treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess possible differences in dentoskeletal effects and "effective" temporomandibular joint, maxilla, and chin changes between good and bad responders to van Beek activator treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subject material consisted of 20 consecutive normodivergent male Class II division 1 patients treated with a van Beek activator. Because of insufficient cooperation, four patients were excluded. Lateral head films were taken 6 months before treatment, at start of treatment, and after 12 months of treatment. The patients were placed into a good responder group (successful, n = 8) and a bad responder group (unsuccessful, n = 8). An overjet reduction > or =4 mm was considered successful.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the van Beek treatment period, the good responders showed a significantly larger improvement in overjet and molar relationship than did the bad responders. The good responders exhibited a significant posterior development of condylion, less anterior mandibular autorotation, retrusion of upper incisors, protrusion of lower incisors, distalization of maxillary molars, and a mesial movement of mandibular molars. No significant dental movements were seen in the bad responders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although van Beek activator treatment affected the direction of condylar growth, as well as the direction of maxilla and chin changes, it can be concluded that skeletal changes did not contribute to the Class II correction. Instead, overjet reduction during van Beek activator treatment was found to be due to a favorable dental reaction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University of Giessen, Germany. sabine.ruf@dentist.med.uni-giessen.de
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ruf
authors.forename: Margareta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bendeus
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pancherz
authors.forename: Urban
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hägg
mesh_terms: D000202:Activator Appliances; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D005115:Extraoral Traction Appliances; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy*; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000254:growth & development; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D009972:Orthodontics, Interceptive / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000254:growth & development; D016896:Treatment Outcome