title: Exercise-disordered breathing in chronic heart failure.
abstract: Patients with heart failure develop various ventilatory abnormalities, including reduced ventilatory reserves, increased ventilatory demands, and high work and cost of breathing. They tend to breathe with a rapid-shallow pattern, have low end-expiratory lung volumes, and may develop rhythmic oscillations in ventilation and tidal volume. These abnormalities likely contribute to exercise limitations and are associated with a worsening prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Johnson.bruce@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: Eric M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: Bruce D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D012143:Respiratory Physiological Phenomena