title: A relook into the association of the estrogen receptor [alpha] gene (PvuII, XbaI) and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a study of 540 Chinese cases.
abstract: METHODS
  A genetic association study of estrogen receptor-[alpha] gene (ESR1) with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in Chinese.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether: 1) PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms in ESR1 are predisposition factor for AIS and 2) these polymorphisms correlate with the severity of curvature in AIS.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  A common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in ESR1 (XbaI) was found to be associated with curve severity in Japanese AIS patients recently. The role of ESR1 as a predisposition gene using a case-control design in other ethnic groups is required to confirm the previous associations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 540 Chinese AIS girls with Cobb angle above 20 degrees were recruited as cases together with 260 healthy controls. The effect of ESR1 SNPs on severity of scoliosis was analyzed in a subgroup of AIS patients (n = 364) followed up until skeletal maturity with the maximum Cobb angle recorded. Two SNPs in ESR1 were genotyped by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism in all subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The allelic frequency of X allele was 23% in both case and control groups. The P allele was found at allelic frequency of 40% and 36% in the case and control groups, respectively. No association between the two ESR1 SNPs and the occurrence of AIS by both genotype and haplotype analysis could be established, suggesting that both SNPs were not predisposition alleles for AIS. AIS patients with different genotypes showed no difference in the maximum Cobb angle. No association was found between the genotype and anthropometric measurements in AIS patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The previously reported association with curve severity could not be replicated in our large series of Chinese AIS patients. The current study also did not show any association of the 2 SNPs with increased risk of having AIS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Nelson Leung-Sang
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Hiu-Yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.forename: Kwong-Man
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Vivian Wing-Yin
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Catherine Siu-King
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: Bobby Kin-Wah
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kwok
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Jack Chun-Yiu
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000483:Alleles; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D002681:China; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific / Q000235:genetics; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D015265:Site-Specific DNA-Methyltransferase (Adenine-Specific) / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; C059639:DNA modification methylase XbaI; D015265:Site-Specific DNA-Methyltransferase (Adenine-Specific); C025630:CAGCTG-specific type II deoxyribonucleases; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific