title: Application of voxel phantoms in whole-body counting for the validation of calibration phantoms and the assessment of uncertainties.
abstract: This article is dedicated to the application of voxel phantoms in whole-body counting calibration. The first study was performed to validate this approach using IGOR, a physical phantom dedicated to fission and activation product (FAP) measurement, and a graphical user interface, developed at the IRSN internal dose assessment laboratory, called OEDIPE (French acronym for the tool for personalised internal dose assessment) associated with the Monte Carlo code MCNP. The method was validated by comparing the results of real measurements and simulations using voxel phantoms obtained from CT scan images of IGOR. To take this application further, two studies were carried out and are presented in this article. First, a comparison was made between the IGOR voxel based phantom (IGOVOX) and a voxel human body (Zubal Phantom) to confirm whether IGOR could be considered as a realistic representation of a human. Second, the errors made when considering sources homogeneously distributed in the body were assessed against real contamination by taking into account the biokinetic behaviour of the radioactive material for two modes of exposure: the ingestion of 137Cs in soluble form and the inhalation of insoluble 60Co several days after acute incorporation.
authors.affiliation: IRSN-Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Human Radiation Protection Division, Internal Dosimetry Department, IRSN/DRPH/SDI, B.P. 17, F-92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France. loic.decarlan@irsn.fr
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: de Carlan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roch
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Blanchardon
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Franck
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D008954:Models, Biological; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000379:methods; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014915:Whole-Body Counting / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D011868:Radioisotopes