title: Evaluation of risk factors for development of secondary glaucoma in dogs: 156 cases (1999-2004).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the immediately antecedent cause of secondary glaucoma and the prevalence of secondary glaucoma with anterior uveitis or lens dislocation in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  156 dogs with secondary glaucoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cause of glaucoma was determined from records. Breed, age, sex, and neuter status of all dogs with secondary glaucoma were compared with the general hospital population. The prevalence of secondary glaucoma in dogs with a primary diagnosis of lens dislocation or anterior uveitis during the same period was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Secondary glaucoma was diagnosed in 156 of 2,257 (6.9%) dogs examined because of ophthalmic disease and was bilateral in 33 (21.2%) of those dogs. In 31 (94%) bilaterally affected dogs, the antecedent cause was the same in both eyes. Common causes of secondary glaucoma were non-surgical anterior uveitis (44.9%), anterior uveitis associated with prior phacoemulsification (15.8%), and lens dislocation (15.2%). Parson Russell Terriers, Poodles, Boston Terriers, Cocker Spaniels, Rhodesian Ridgebacks, and Australian Cattle Dogs had diagnoses of secondary glaucoma more often than expected, compared with the reference population. Age, sex, neuter status, and laterality were not associated with secondary glaucoma. The prevalence of secondary glaucoma in dogs with lens dislocation or uveitis was 15% or 17%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Glaucoma develops secondary to many intraocular diseases, particularly uveitis and lens dislocation. Diagnosis of these diseases should prompt frequent monitoring of intraocular pressure, regardless of signalment.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Devin A J
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Johnsen
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Maggs
authors.forename: Philip H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Kass
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000662:veterinary*; D007906:Lens Subluxation / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D018918:Phacoemulsification / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000662:veterinary; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014605:Uveitis / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary*