title: Delivery of intravenous treprostinil at low infusion rates using a miniaturized infusion pump in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Treprostinil is approved for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) via continuous intravenous (IV) infusion. Treprostinil's anti-platelet aggregation characteristics and stability at room temperature may allow for low infusion rates (0.1-0.2 mL/hr) using a miniaturized infusion pump.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 12-week, multi-center, open-label study in 12 adult PAH patients, evaluated the feasibility and safety of low-flow IV treprostinil administration via the 407C miniaturized pump. Patients receiving IV treprostinil at a stable dose were transitioned from their current CADD-Legacy pump to the 407C and were assessed for adverse events including catheter occlusions, pump alarms, and efficacy (six minute walk distance (6MWD), Borg Dyspnea Score (BDS), NYHA functional class, and PAH signs/symptoms). All patients were also maintained on therapeutic doses of warfarin, heparin or low molecular weight heparin throughout the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline mean (+/-SD) 6MWD was 477 +/- 76 m (n = 9) with mean BDS of 2.1 +/- 1.2 (n = 9). Week 12 mean 6MWD and BDS were 500 +/- 92 m and 2.3 +/- 1.7, respectively (n = 9). Four patients discontinued the study prematurely (3 AEs and 1 consent withdrawn). Adverse events included headache, flushing, and nausea. Pump complications occurred in 5 of 12 patients, and although no catheter occlusions occurred in any patient during the 12-week study, further study is needed regarding pump complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that treprostinil can be administered intravenously at infusion rates as low as 0.1 mL/hr for 12 weeks without catheter occlusions. Further studies are warranted because the potential for adverse events is of some concern.
authors.affiliation: Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. tapso001@mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: V F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Tapson
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gomberg-Maitland
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Widlitz
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Krichman
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Laliberte
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Zaccardelli
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Barst
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000503:physiopathology; D011464:Epoprostenol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D004867:Equipment Design; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007260:Infusion Pumps / Q000009:adverse effects; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D016138:Walking
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D011464:Epoprostenol; C427248:treprostinil