title: Combined therapy of low-dose tacrolimus and prednisone in nephrotic syndrome with slight mesangial proliferation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tacrolimus is a calcineurin inhibitor that has been increasingly used in transplant medicine. However, the efficacy and safety of combined therapy of low-dose tacrolimus and prednisone in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome (NS) with slight mesangial proliferation has not been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients with NS with slight mesangial proliferation were randomly divided into a prednisone therapy group (control), a combined low-dose tacrolimus (2 mg/day) and a prednisone therapy group (tacrolimus group). The efficacy and safety of tacrolimus was analysed. The initial dose of prednisone was 1 mg/kg per day and 30 mg/day in the control group and tacrolimus group, respectively. The duration of treatment was 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a 6-month trial of combined low-dose tacrolimus and prednisone, complete remission was achieved in 29 patients (96.66%) and partial remission in one patient (3.33%). In the control group, complete remission was achieved in 27 patients (90%) and partial remission in three patients (10%). A significant improvement in proteinuria levels was observed in the tacrolimus group compared with the control group, starting at the second week and remaining throughout the study period. Furthermore, a significant improvement in serum albumin levels was observed in the tacrolimus group compared with the control group, starting at the first month and remaining until the third month. The main side-effect was obesity (100%) and acne (46.66%) in the control group. However, these adverse events were not observed in the tacrolimus group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrated that combined therapy of low-dose tacrolimus and prednisone is an effective and safe therapeutic method for NS with slight mesangial proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Jilin University School of Medicine, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Lining
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Zhonggao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005920:Glomerular Mesangium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D012709:Serum Albumin; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol; D011241:Prednisone; D016559:Tacrolimus