title: [Examination of psychological well-being and subjective well-being in defensive pessimists].
abstract: Defensive pessimists (DPs) are considered to be adaptive pessimists because of their high performances, but the well-being of DPs have not been sufficiently studied. Some studies suggested that DPs have lower well-being than optimists, but it is not clear whether their level of well-being is as low as to be considered maladaptive. In this study, well-being was distinguished between psychological well-being including self-improvement, and subjective well-being as in the traditional notion of well-being, and compared well-being among DPs, strategic optimists (SOs) and depressed persons (DEPs) in a sample of 303 college students (F=160, M=143). Results indicated no significant differences in the level of psychological well-being among DPs and SOs, and both of these groups scored higher than DEPs. DPs also scored higher than DEPs in subjective well-being and no differences were found in satisfaction in life between DPs and SOs. Thus, this study concluded that the well-being of DPs were high in some regards and were not maladaptive.
authors.affiliation: Doctoral Program of Human Comprehensive Science, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai, Tsukuba 305-8574, Japan. h2@human.tsukuba.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hosogoshi
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kodama
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D003674:Defense Mechanisms; D005260:Female; D006262:Health; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male