title: Inhibitory effect of known antioxidants and of press juice from herring (Clupea harengus) light muscle on the generation of free radicals in human monocytes.
abstract: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause oxidative stress, which has been linked to various diseases. It has been suggested that antioxidant-rich foods can reduce such oxidative stress. However, the lack of suitable model systems to screen for in vivo effects of food-derived antioxidants has prevented a clear consensus in this area. In this study, the aim was to use a single-cell model system (human monocyte) to evaluate whether certain pure antioxidants and complex muscle extracts (herring light muscle press juice, PJ) could prevent ROS formation under in vivo like conditions. ROS were excreted from the monocytes upon stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate and were then detected as isoluminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL). Adding 2000 units of catalase and 50 units of superoxide dismutase to the monocytes model lowered the CL response by 35 and 86%, respectively. Ascorbate (14.1 mM) lowered the response by 99%, alpha-tocoperhol (188 microM) by 37%, and Trolox (50 microM) by almost 100%. Crude herring PJ gave a dose-dependent reduction in the CL response. At 10, 100, and 1000 times dilution, the PJ reduced the CL signal by 93, 60.5, and 10.6%. PJ fractionated into low molecular weight (LMW) (<1000 Da) and high molecular weight (>3500 Da) fractions decreased the CL response by 52.9 and 71.4%, respectively, at a 100-fold dilution. Evaluation of the PJ samples in the oxygen radical absorbance capacity test indicated that proteins may be the primary radical scavenging compounds of PJ, whereas the ROS-preventing effect obtained from the LMW fraction may also be attributed to other mechanisms. Thus, this study proved that the monocyte assay can be a useful tool for studying whether food-derived antioxidants can limit ROS production under physiologically relevant conditions. It also showed that herring contains numerous aqueous compounds demonstrating antioxidative effects in the monocyte model system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Food Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Gujón
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gunnarsson
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Undeland
authors.forename: Thippeswamy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sannaveerappa
authors.forename: Ann-Sofie
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Sandberg
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lindgård
authors.forename: Lillemor
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mattsson-Hultén
authors.forename: Bassam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Soussi
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry*; D005399:Fishes; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D006801:Humans; D049449:Luminescence; D009000:Monocytes / Q000737:chemistry*; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D000975:Antioxidants; D005609:Free Radicals; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate