title: Elevation of soluble form of receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) in diabetic subjects with coronary artery disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-receptor (RAGE) axis is implicated in diabetic vascular complication. Since a soluble form of RAGE (sRAGE) could be generated from the cleavage of cell surface RAGE in endothelial cells (ECs), serum sRAGE levels may be elevated in diabetes consequent to EC damage. In this study, we examined whether sRAGE levels were elevated in type 2 diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum sRAGE levels were examined in 75 Japanese type 2 diabetic patients (29 men and 46 women; mean age 66 +/- 11 years) and 75 age- and sex-matched non-diabetic healthy control subjects. We explored the association between sRAGE levels and coronary artery disease (CAD) in diabetic patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum sRAGE levels were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in non-diabetic subjects (965.3 +/- 544.2 vs 415 +/- 150.4 pg/mL, p < 0.001). In the univariate analysis, diastolic blood pressure (inversely), LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, hemoglobin A(1c), and creatinine were significantly associated with sRAGE. After performing multivariate analyses, the presence of diabetes (p < 0.0001) was a sole independent determinant of sRAGE. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in sRAGE levels between diabetic patients with CAD and those without CAD (1680.6 +/- 891.1 vs 855.2 +/- 372.1 pg/mL, p < 0.001). Multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed that sRAGE and creatinine levels were independent determinants of CAD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrated that serum sRAGE levels were significantly higher in type 2 diabetic patients than in non-diabetic subjects and positively associated with the presence of CAD.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Sho-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamagishi
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Yayoi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kurita-Nakamura
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imaizumi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000097:blood*; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic