title: Determination of phthalates in water samples using polyaniline-based solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography.
abstract: A simple solid-phase microextraction (SPME) device, coupled with gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID), was developed to detect trace levels of phthalates in environmental water samples. Polyaniline (PANI) was chosen as the sorbent for the SPME device and was electrochemically deposited on a stainless steel wire to achieve high thermal and mechanical stability. The porous structure of the PANI film, characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), suggested large extraction capability. Key parameters were optimized and five phthalates were selected to evaluate the SPME-GC procedures. The method was also applied to the analysis of lake and river water samples. Control experiments were carried out using commercial polyacrylate (PA) fiber. The new PANI-SPME-GC method offers high accuracy, precision and sensitivity and low detection limits. Thus, the method developed could be used as a new way to monitor the trace levels of phthalates in water medium. A possible extraction mechanism was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China. ahlixiang@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Shifen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000179:Acrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods*; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000179:Acrylates; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D010795:Phthalic Acids; D011108:Polymers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C416807:polyaniline; D014867:Water