title: Distribution of brain infarction in children with tuberculous meningitis and correlation with outcome score at 6 months.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prognostic indicators for tuberculous meningitis (TBM) offer realistic expectations for parents of affected children. Infarctions affecting the basal ganglia are associated with a poor outcome.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To correlate the distribution of infarction in children with TBM on CT with an outcome score (OS).
  
  
  METHODS
  CT brain scans in children with TBM were retrospectively reviewed and the distribution of infarctions recorded. The degree of correlation with OS at 6 months was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistically significant association between all sites of infarction (P = 0.0001-0.001), other than hemispheric (P = 0.35), and outcome score. There was also a statistically significant association between all types of infarction (P = 0.0001-0.02), other than hemispheric (P = 0.05), and overall poor outcome. The odds ratio for poor outcome with bilateral basal ganglia and internal capsule infarction was 12. The odds ratio for poor outcome with 'any infarction' was 4.91 (CI 2.24-10.74), with 'bilateral infarctions' 8.50 (CI 2.49-28.59), with basal ganglia infarction 5.73 (CI 2.60-12.64), and for hemispheric infarction 2.30 (CI 1.00-5.28).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infarction is associated with a poor outcome unless purely hemispheric. MRI diffusion-weighted imaging was not part of this study, but is likely to play a central role in detecting infarctions not demonstrated by CT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Tygerberg Hospital, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa. docsav@mweb.co.za
authors.forename: Savvas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andronikou
authors.forename: Jo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilmshurst
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hatherill
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: VanToorn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014390:Tuberculosis, Meningeal / Q000150:complications*