title: Exercise-induced improvement in vasodilatory function accompanies increased insulin sensitivity in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was undertaken to determine whether improved vasodilatory function accompanies increased insulin sensitivity in overweight, insulin-resistant subjects (OW) and type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM) who participated in an 8-wk exercise training regimen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Before and after training, subjects had euglycemic clamps to determine insulin sensitivity. Brachial artery catheterization was done on another occasion for measurement of vasodilatory function. A lean, healthy, untrained group was studied as nonexercised controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Training increased oxygen consumption (VO2) peak [OW, 29 +/- 1 to 37 +/- 4 ml/kg fat-free mass (FFM).min; T2DM, 33 +/- 2 to 43 +/- 3 ml/kg FFM.min; P < 0.05] and improved insulin-stimulated glucose disposal (OW, 6.5 +/- 0.5 to 7.2 +/- 0.4 mg/kg FFM.min; T2DM, 3.8 +/- 0.3 to 4.2 +/- 0.3 mg/kg FFM.min; P < 0.05) in insulin resistance. OW and T2DM, before training, had decreased acetylcholine chloride (ACh)- and sodium nitroprusside-mediated vasodilation and decreased reactive hyperemia compared with lean controls. Training increased the vasodilatory response to ACh [OW (30 microg ACh/min), 12.2 +/- 3.4 to 19 +/- 4.2 ml/100 g.min; T2DM (30 microg ACh/min), 10.1 +/- 1.5 to 14.2 +/- 2.1 ml/100 g.min; P < 0.05] in both groups without affecting nitroprusside response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because vasodilatory dysfunction has been postulated to contribute to insulin resistance, the exercise-induced improvement in vasodilatory function may signify changes in the endothelium that could contribute to the improvement in insulin sensitivity observed after aerobic exercise training.
authors.affiliation: Center for Metabolic Biology, Arizona State University, 350 East Orange Street, P.O. Box 873704, Tempe, Arizona 85287-3704, USA.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Filippis
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cusi
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ocampo
authors.forename: Rachele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Berria
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buck
authors.forename: Agostino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Consoli
authors.forename: Lawrence J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Mandarino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin