title: Fast magnetization-driven preparation for imaging of contrast-enhanced coronary arteries during intra-arterial injection of contrast agent.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To implement a short-duration magnetization preparation sequence, which consists of a saturation followed by multiple inversion pulses, for imaging of short-T1 species and suppression of long-T1 species.
  
  
  METHODS
  Computer optimizations were performed to derive preparation schemes that 1) suppress long-T1 background species with T1>or=250 msec, 2) maximize the MZ of contrast-enhanced (CE) structures with T1<or=50 msec, and 3) have a preparation duration in the range of 200 msec. The optimized sequences were tested on a phantom and a pig model instrumented with an intracoronary catheter for infusion of contrast media.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Computer simulations generated preparation schemes with durations of 165-225 msec depending on the number of preparation pulses used, which generated saturation of over 98% for T1>250 msec, and about a 30% reduction for 20 msec<T1<50 msec. The phantom studies validated the performance of the optimized sequences. Coronary artery angiograms (380 msec for preparation and image acquisition) demonstrated signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) in the range of 13-15.5 and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) in the range of 6.3-7.1 in the CE coronary vessels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work demonstrates that fast magnetization-driven preparation schemes can be implemented for fast imaging of CE coronary vessels with efficient saturation of background species.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Dawei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gui
authors.forename: Nikolaos V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Tsekos
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; C064925:gadodiamide; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA