title: Simvastatin improves left ventricular function after myocardial infarction in hypercholesterolemic rabbits by anti-inflammatory effects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hypercholesterolemia contributes to coronary artery disease progression but little is known about its effect on left ventricular (LV) function after myocardial infarction (MI). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hypercholesterolemia and statin treatment in rabbits with experimental MI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  New Zealand White rabbits on a normal or cholesterol-rich diet for 4 weeks, underwent permanent coronary artery ligation. Starting on the first day post-MI rabbits were treated with either placebo or simvastatin (5 mg/kg/day) for 9 weeks. Hypercholesterolemia itself did not affect LV function in sham-operated animals but further impaired LV systolic (dP/dtmax -42%) and diastolic (dP/dtmin -47%) function in MI rabbits on placebo. Simvastatin treatment not only prevented deterioration of LV function associated with hypercholesterolemia but improved LV function (dP/dtmax +130%; dP/dtmin +144%, P < 0.05). Simvastatin also attenuated the depression of LV function in normocholesterolemic MI rabbits (dP/dtmax +46%; dP/dtmin +53%, P < 0.05). Hypercholesterolemia in MI rabbits coincided with a significant increase in C-reactive protein levels (marker of inflammation) and Rac1-GTPase activity (marker of oxidative stress), and a reduction in cardiac sarcoplasmic-reticulum calcium ATPase-2 expression and endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein phosphorylation, all of which were normalised by simvastatin treatment. Elevated serum cholesterol levels were only partially reduced by simvastatin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypercholesterolemia further impaired the depressed LV function in rabbits post-MI. Statin treatment reversed this effect, and conferred additional protection, as in normocholesterolemic animals. Our study suggests that anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of simvastatin substantially contribute to its beneficial effects on cardiac function after MI.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum, Universität Würzburg, Germany. bauersachs_J@medizin.uni-wuerzburg.de
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bauersachs
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hiss
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fraccarollo
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Laufs
authors.forename: Hartmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ruetten
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D004032:Diet; D004452:Echocardiography; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000097:blood; D011817:Rabbits; D053498:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000097:blood; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D019821:Simvastatin; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D053498:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein