title: Association of aortic plaque with intracranial atherosclerosis in patients with stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether there is a relationship between aortic plaques and intracranial (IC) atherosclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed 922 patients with stroke who had both transesophageal echocardiography and cerebral angiography. The plaques of these patients were classified as either complex aortic plaques (CAP), which protruded > or =4 mm or were present as mobile lesions in the proximal aorta, or simple aortic plaques (SAP), which were <4 mm or present in the descending aorta. Cerebral artery atherosclerosis was classified as either an IC or extracranial (EC) atherosclerosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 922 patients, we found aortic plaques in 237 patients (26%). There were 111 (47%) patients of SAP, 74 (31%) patients with CAP, and 52 (22%) patients that had both SAP and CAP. Angiography showed IC or EC atherosclerosis in 511 patients (55%). The presence of aortic plaques was significantly associated with IC or EC atherosclerosis. The significance appeared to be due to the strong association between the presence of SAP and IC atherosclerosis (51% SAP vs 35% no plaques; odds ratio = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.17 to 3.21). In the multiple logistic regression analysis, SAP were independent predictors of IC atherosclerosis
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of simple aortic plaques may be a marker of advanced vascular disease. Detection of simple aortic plaques during transesophageal echocardiography may have clinical implications because patients with these plaques frequently had concomitant intracranial atherosclerosis, a risk factor for stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and National Core Research Center for Nanomedical Technology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Rim
authors.forename: B I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Heo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002537:Intracranial Arteriosclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007723:Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*