title: Acute musculoskeletal infection: comparison of different methods for intraoperative bacterial identification.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Various techniques are used for detection of pathogens in musculoskeletal infection. These methods differ with respect to reliability and ease of handling. A prospective study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of three intraoperative techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 20 cases (18 patients) with clinically confirmed acute musculoskeletal infections, intraoperative collected swab samples, tissue samples and fluid samples injected into standard blood culture vials were used for microbiological diagnosis. Identification of bacteria, time necessary for detection and ease of handling during surgery was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 19 cases bacterial growth was demonstrated using either intraoperative swabs or blood culture technique (95% sensitivity), whereas 18 tissue biopsies were positive (90% sensitivity. 27 bacterial species were isolated. In 18 instances for the swab technique, 14 instances for the tissue biopsy and 4 operations for the blood culture vials, ease of handling was rated as excellent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study demonstrated differences between the three tested methods with respect to ease of handling. With respect to the number of detected organisms and time for their detection there are no significant differences. These last findings are in contrast to of the results of other authors. The reason for this could be that during operative dissection an accurate and specific collection of specimens from the acute deep infected soft tissues and bones independent from the type of surgical procedure is possible. Therefore, even with the swab method a high amount of microorganisms can be recovered. Especially for intraarticular infections, fluid samples injected into standard blood vials is a practical method for the surgeon. In acute musculoskeletal infections other than joint infections, there is less benefit for the blood culture vials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraoperative swab technique yields valid results comparable to other techniques and is an accurate technique for detection of pathogens from acute musculoskeletal infections. Key words: implant, infections, bacteriological techniques, comparative study.
authors.affiliation: BG Trauma Center, University of Tuebingen, Germany. C.Bahrs@gmx.de
authors.forename: Ch
authors.initials: Ch
authors.lastname: Bahrs
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marschal
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Weise
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lingenfelter
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dietz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Heeg
authors.forename: Ch
authors.initials: Ch
authors.lastname: Eingartner
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000601:surgery; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000601:surgery