title: How patients with insulin-treated type 1 and type 2 diabetes view their own and their physician's treatment goals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the subjective treatment goals of insulin-treated diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  297 type 1 and 205 type 2 diabetic patients, representative of the North-western Swiss population, filled out a self report questionnaire focusing on their own treatment goals using standardized measures wherever available. Factor analysis of the 16 items reflecting their treatment goals revealed four subscales (Crohnbach's alpha): High actual quality of life (0.73), weight reduction/maintenance and daily hassles (0.68), good medical care and knowledge (0.64) and good long term glucose control (0.71).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Good long term glucose control was the single most important main treatment goal for most patients (type 1: 60.2%, type 2: 49.7%, p = 0.025). However, both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients believed that this goal - especially the value of HbA1c - was overestimated (both p <0.0001), while high actual quality of life was underestimated (p = 0.003 and p = 0.05, respectively) by their physicians compared to their own assessment. Good long term glucose control (OR 1.63, p = 0.003) and high actual quality of life (OR 2.17, p <0.0001) were more important and weight reduction/maintenance and coping with daily hassles (OR 0.75, p = 0.07) were slightly less important treatment goals for type 1 than for type 2 diabetic patients. These differences in goals were best associated with the mode of insulin therapy, self-monitoring, and with the extent of diabetes education.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients believe that physicians overestimate the importance of long term glucose control and underestimate the importance of actual quality of life. Diabetes education and self management have the largest impact on patients' own treatment goals.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. jardena.puder@chuv.ch
authors.forename: Jardena J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Puder
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Endrass
authors.forename: Natascha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Moriconi
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Keller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006040:Goals; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; D010045:Outpatients / Q000523:psychology*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013557:Switzerland; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin