title: The role of anticholinergics in men with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the safety and efficacy of anticholinergics in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by a systematic review of published reports and a meta-analysis of the reported outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases (1966-2006), and hand-searched relevant reference lists and conference proceedings, for studies on the use of anticholinergics in men with BPH or bladder outlet obstruction. Eligible studies were assessed for quality and foreign language studies were translated. We collected data on all reported outcomes, conducted meta- analyses on the maximum urinary flow rate (Q(max)), postvoid residual urine volume (PVR) and volume at first contraction, and calculated the acute urinary retention (AUR) rate. We used sensitivity analysis to confirm the findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 15 observational studies. Four RCTs incorporating 633 patients were included in the meta-analyses. Anticholinergics did not significantly alter Q(max) (0.1 mL/s, 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.6-0.7). The PVR was increased by 11.6 mL (95% CI 4.5-18.6) although there was no significant difference between AUR rates. The total International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS) were not significantly different, but there were improvements for IPSS storage subscores in one RCT. The AUR rate was 0.3% at the 12-week follow-up in 365 men in the RCTs and observational studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anticholinergic use in men with LUTS suggestive of BPH appears to be safe. Further studies are required to establish efficacy with a suitable precision.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Urology, University College London, UK.
authors.forename: Benedict T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Blake-James
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rashidian
authors.forename: Youko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emberton
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D053448:Prostatism / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists