title: Defining the T cell antigen proteome of wasp venom.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While modulation of T cell function is believed to be important in the successful acquisition of clinical tolerance during venom immunotherapy, little is known of the role of wasp venom specific T cell antigens.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought comprehensively to characterize the T cell proteome for wasp venom to facilitate the future development of T cell-based immunotherapeutic approaches.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from wasp venom-allergic individuals and IL-4 ELISPOT analysis, we characterized T cell responses to whole venom and gel filtration/ion exchange-fractionated venom. Reactive fractions were purified and identified using highly sensitive electrospray ion-trap mass spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Wasp venom-allergic individuals have detectable whole wasp venom-specific T cells directly ex vivo, which show rapid IL-4 effector function. T cell responses to gel filtration/ion exchange fractionated venom were dominated by responses to phospholipase A(1), hyaluronidase and antigen 5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although it is likely that there are many T cell antigens within wasp venom, the main responses are to proteins coincident with the known IgE-binding proteins.
authors.affiliation: MRC Human Immunology Unit and Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aslam
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Batycka
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: O'Callaghan
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Misbah
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Warrell
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ogg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D003888:Desensitization, Immunologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase / Q000032:analysis; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000276:immunology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010740:Phospholipases / Q000032:analysis; D020543:Proteome; D017455:Receptors, IgE / Q000032:analysis; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D014862:Wasp Venoms / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D020543:Proteome; D017455:Receptors, IgE; D014862:Wasp Venoms; C040583:white-faced hornet venom antigen 5; D015847:Interleukin-4; D010740:Phospholipases; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase