title: A magnetic resonance imaging study of patients with Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment and dementia using voxel-based morphometry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dementia is common in Parkinson's disease, but the underlying brain pathology is not yet fully understood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the changes in the brain of patients with Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia, using structural magnetic resonance imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using voxel-based morphometry, the grey matter atrophy on brain images of patients with Parkinson's disease and dementia (PDD; n = 16) and Parkinson's disease without dementia (PDND; n = 20), and healthy elderly subjects (n = 20) was studied. In the PDND group, 12 subjects had normal cognitive status and 8 had MCI. Standardised rating scales for motor, cognitive and psychiatric symptoms were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Widespread areas of cortical atrophy were found in patients with PDD compared with normal controls (in both temporal and frontal lobes and in the left parietal lobe). Grey matter reductions were found in frontal, parietal, limbic and temporal lobes in patients with PDD compared with those with PDND. In patients with PDND with MCI, areas of reduced grey matter in the left frontal and both temporal lobes were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings show that dementia in Parkinson's disease is associated with structural neocortical changes in the brain, and that cognitive impairment in patients with PDND may be associated with structural changes in the brain. Further studies with larger groups of patients are needed to confirm these findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Stavanger University Hospital, PO Box 8100, N-4068 Stavanger, Norway. bemk@sus.no
authors.forename: Mona K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Beyer
authors.forename: Carmen C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Janvin
authors.forename: Jan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: Dag
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aarsland
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D003704:Dementia / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications*