title: Integration of antiretroviral treatment within antenatal care in Gauteng Province, South Africa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antenatal clinics are a key entry point into HIV treatment and care, together with interventions to reduce mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Further evaluation is needed of interventions linking antenatal with antiretroviral (ARV) treatment services and effectiveness of triple-ARV regimens for reducing MTCT in resource-constrained settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were gathered from HIV-infected women attending antenatal care from June 2004 to July 2005 at Coronation Women and Children Hospital, South Africa. After a patient record review, interventions were implemented to strengthen service linkages and integrate ARV treatment within antenatal care. Laboratory investigations were streamlined, including CD4 cell count testing at the first antenatal visit. MTCT risk for women initiating ARV treatment is compared with that of women-infant pairs receiving single-dose nevirapine (sd-NVP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 164 pregnant women initiated ARV treatment and 863 received sd-NVP. After changes to service delivery, time-to-treatment initiation was reduced from a median of 56 days to 37 days (P = 0.041). The risk of MTCT for women receiving ARV treatment (5 [4.3%] of 116 women) was lower than for those given sd-NVP (74 [10.7%] of 692 women; P = 0.032).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Strengthening linkages and integrating key components of ARV treatment within antenatal care reduces time-to-treatment initiation. In this setting, among women with a high MTCT risk, triple-ARV regimens are effective in reducing HIV infection in infants.
authors.affiliation: University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. theblackburns@axxess.co.za
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: van der Merwe
authors.forename: Matthew F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Chersich
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Technau
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Umurungi
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Conradie
authors.forename: Ashraf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coovadia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000188:drug therapy; D011295:Prenatal Care; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents