Novel approach for anterior chamber angle analysis: anterior chamber angle detection with edge measurement and identification algorithm (ACADEMIA).
OBJECTIVE
To describe a novel approach to measuring anterior chamber angle dimensions and configurations.


METHODS
Sixty-nine images were selected randomly from the ultrasound biomicroscopic image database to develop the algorithm. Thirty images were selected for further analyses. The value of each pixel of the 8-bit grayscale ultrasound biomicroscopic images was quantized into 0 (black) or 1 (white), and the edge points outlining the angle were detected and fitted with straight lines. The dimensions and profiles of anterior chamber angles were then measured.


RESULTS
The algorithm failed to identify the edge points correctly in 8 (11.6%) of 69 images because of strong background noise. Three basic types of angle configuration were identified based on the derived angle profiles: constant, increasing, and decreasing, which corresponded to flat, bowed forward, and bowed backward iris contours, respectively. The angle measurements demonstrated high correlation with trabecular-iris angle and angle opening distance 500 (calculated as the distance from the corneal endothelium to the anterior iris surface perpendicular to a line drawn at 500 mum from the scleral spur). The strongest association was found between the averaged angle derived from the angle profile and the angle opening distance 500 (r = 0.91).


CONCLUSIONS
The proposed algorithm has high correlations with angle opening distance and trabecular-iris angle with the added advantages of being fully automated, reproducible, and able to capture the characteristic angle configurations. However, good-quality ultrasound biomicroscopic images with high signal-to-noise ratio are required to identify the edge points correctly.
Leung
Christopher Kai-shun
CK
Department of Ophthalmology, Caritas Medical Centre, Hong Kong. tlims00@hotmail.com
Yung
Wing-ho
WH
Yiu
Cedric Ka-fai
CK
Lam
Sze-wing
SW
Leung
Dexter Yu-lung
DY
Tse
Raymond Kwok-kay
RK
Tham
Clement Chi-yung
CC
Chan
Wai-man
WM
Lam
Dennis Shun-chiu
DS
D000465:Algorithms; D000867:Anterior Chamber / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003315:Cornea / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007498:Iris / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014129:Trabecular Meshwork / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography