title: A molecular neuroethological approach for identifying and characterizing a cascade of behaviorally regulated genes.
abstract: Songbirds have one of the most accessible neural systems for the study of brain mechanisms of behavior. However, neuroethological studies in songbirds have been limited by the lack of high-throughput molecular resources and gene-manipulation tools. To overcome these limitations, we constructed 21 regular, normalized, and subtracted full-length cDNA libraries from brains of zebra finches in 57 developmental and behavioral conditions in an attempt to clone as much of the brain transcriptome as possible. From these libraries, approximately 14,000 transcripts were isolated, representing an estimated 4,738 genes. With the cDNAs, we created a hierarchically organized transcriptome database and a large-scale songbird brain cDNA microarray. We used the arrays to reveal a set of 33 genes that are regulated in forebrain vocal nuclei by singing behavior. These genes clustered into four anatomical and six temporal expression patterns. Their functions spanned a large range of cellular and molecular categories, from signal transduction, trafficking, and structural, to synaptically released molecules. With the full-length cDNAs and a lentiviral vector system, we were able to overexpress, in vocal nuclei, proteins of representative singing-regulated genes in the absence of singing. This publicly accessible resource http://songbirdtranscriptome.net can now be used to study molecular neuroethological mechanisms of behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Duke Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. wada@neuro.duke.edu
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Jason T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McConnell
authors.forename: Osceola
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Whitney
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lints
authors.forename: Miriam V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Rivas
authors.forename: Haruhito
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Horita
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: Stephanie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Constance
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scharff
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haesler
authors.forename: Shengli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hagiwara
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiraki
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirozane-Kishikawa
authors.forename: Pate
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Skene
authors.forename: Yoshihide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashizaki
authors.forename: Piero
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carninci
authors.forename: Erich D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Jarvis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D002645:Chickens; D005010:Ethology; D005260:Female; D046369:Finches / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009424:Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; D014828:Vocalization, Animal / Q000502:physiology