title: Integrated optoelectronic probe including a vertical cavity surface emitting laser for laser Doppler perfusion monitoring.
abstract: An integrated optoelectronic probe with small dimensions, for direct-contact laser Doppler blood flow monitoring has been realized. A vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL), and a chip with photodetectors and all necessary electronics are integrated in a miniature probe head connected to a laptop computer. The computer sound processor is utilized for acquisition and digital signal processing of the incoming Doppler signal. In this paper, the design of the laser Doppler perfusion monitor is described and its performance is evaluated. We demonstrate our perfusion monitor to be less sensitive to subject motion than a commercial fiber-optic device. For medium and high perfusion levels, the performance of our integrated probe is comparable to the fiberoptic flowmeter containing a normal edge-emitting laser diode. For very low perfusion levels, the signal-to-noise ratio of the fiber-optic device is higher. This difference can mainly be attributed to the shorter coherence length of the VCSEL compared with the edge-emitting laser diode.
authors.affiliation: University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands. alexandre.serov@epfl.ch
authors.forename: Alexander N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Serov
authors.forename: Janharm
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nieland
authors.forename: Sjoerd
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oosterbaan
authors.forename: Frits F M
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: de Mul
authors.forename: Herma
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Kranenburg
authors.forename: Herman H P T
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Bekman
authors.forename: Wiendelt
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Steenbergen
mesh_terms: D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D004582:Electronics, Medical; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D055095:Optics and Photonics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018511:Systems Integration; D014159:Transducers