title: Hyperinsulinemia in healthy children and adolescents with a positive family history for type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our goal was to determine the relationship between family history of type 2 diabetes and fasting hyperinsulinemia in healthy children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 317 children and adolescents, 10 to 14 years of age with Tanner stage 1 or 2, were randomly selected from elementary and middle schools in Durango, northern Mexico, to participate in a cross-sectional, community-based study. Family history was ascertained by a direct, detailed medical examination that included anthropometric and laboratory measurements from both parents. We determined the prevalence of family history of type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and the adjusted odds ratio that computes the relationship between hyperinsulinemia and family history of type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Family history of type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and obesity was recognized in 30 (9.2%), 61 (18.7%), and 74 (22.7%) children and adolescents, respectively. Children and adolescents with positive family history showed higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, were more obese, and exhibited significantly higher fasting insulin and triglycerides levels, as well as a higher homeostasis model analysis insulin resistance index, than children with negative family history. A total of 48 (15.1%) children and adolescents exhibited hyperinsulinemia, 35 (72.9%) with and 13 (27.1%) without family history. The odds ratio adjusted by gender, fat mass (kilograms and percent), waist circumference, BMI, and Tanner stage showed that family history of diabetes, but not high blood pressure and obesity, was independently related with hyperinsulinemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among children and adolescents, family history of diabetes, but not high blood pressure and obesity, is independently associated with hyperinsulinemia.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Unit in Clinical Epidemiology, Mexican Social Security Institute, Durango, Mexico.
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Morán
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guerrero-Romero
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male