title: YKL-40 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 as potential serum biomarkers for patients with high-grade gliomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Biomarkers can facilitate diagnosis, monitor treatment response, and assess prognosis in some patients with cancer. YKL-40 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) are two proteins highly differentially expressed by malignant gliomas. We obtained prospective longitudinal serum samples from patients with gliomas to determine whether YKL-40 or MMP-9 could be used as serum markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum samples were obtained concurrently with magnetic resonance imaging scans. YKL-40 and MMP-9 were determined by ELISA and the values correlated with the patient's radiographic status and survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High-grade glioma patients who underwent a surgical resection of their tumor had transient increase of both YKL-40 and MMP-9 serum levels in the postoperative period. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients with no radiographic evidence of disease (n = 10 patients, 50 samples) had a significantly lower level of YKL-40 and MMP-9 than patients with active tumor (n = 66 patients, 209 samples; P = 0.0003 and 0.0002, respectively). Anaplastic glioma patients with no radiographic evidence of disease (n = 32 patients, 107 samples) also had a significantly lower level of YKL-40 compared with those patients with active tumor (n = 48 patients, 199 samples; P = 0.04). There was a significant inverse association between YKL-40 and survival in GBM, hazard ratio (hazard ratio, 1.4; P = 0.02), and anaplastic astrocytoma patients (hazard ratio, 2.2; P = 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  YKL-40 and MMP-9 can be monitored in patients' serum and help confirm the absence of active disease in GBM and YKL-40 in anaplastic glioma patients. YKL-40 can be used as predictor of survival in patients with high-grade glioma. Longitudinal studies with a larger patient population are needed to confirm these findings.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Laboratories, Neurosurgical Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA. hormigoa@mskcc.org
authors.forename: Adília
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hormigo
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Sasan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.forename: Elyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Riedel
authors.forename: Katherine S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Panageas
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Edgar
authors.forename: Meena K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Tanwar
authors.forename: Jasti S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fleisher
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: DeAngelis
authors.forename: Eric C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Holland
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000097:blood; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D000071451:Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1; D005260:Female; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D037102:Lectins; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009837:Oligodendroglioma / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D001324:Autoantigens; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C084533:CHI3L1 protein, human; D000071451:Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1; D006023:Glycoproteins; D006133:Growth Substances; D037102:Lectins; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9