title: Motor and reflex testing in GM1-gangliosidosis model mice.
abstract: A large number of genetic disease model mice have been produced by genetic engineering. However, phenotypic analysis is not sufficient, particularly for brain dysfunction in neurogenetic diseases. We tried to develop a new assessment system mainly for motor and reflex functions in G(M1)-gangliosidosis model mice. Two genetically engineered model mouse strains were used for this study: the beta-galactosidase-deficient knockout mouse representing infantile G(M1)-gangliosidosis (severe form), and transgenic mouse representing juvenile G(M1)-gangliosidosis (mild form). We modified human child neurology techniques, and selected eleven tests for motor assessment and reflex testing. The test results were scored in four grades: 0 (normal), 1 (slightly abnormal), 2 (moderately abnormal), and 3 (severely abnormal). Both disease model mouse strains showed high scores even at the apparently pre-symptomatic stage of the disease, particularly with abnormal tail and hind limb postures. Individual and total test scores were well correlated with the progression of the disease. This method is simple, quick, and reproducible. The testing is sensitive enough to detect early neurological abnormalities, and will be useful for monitoring the natural clinical course and effect of therapeutic experiments in various neurogenetic disease model mice, such as chemical chaperone therapy for G(M1)-gangliosidosis model mice.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School, International University of Health and Welfare, Otawara, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ichinomiya
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Kimiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toda
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Mieko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurosawa
authors.forename: Junichiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait; D016537:Gangliosidosis, GM1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation / Q000502:physiology*; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000379:methods; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D012018:Reflex / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000172:deficiency
chemical_list: D001616:beta-Galactosidase