title: Selective suppression of artifact-generating echoes in cine DENSE using through-plane dephasing.
abstract: In displacement-encoded imaging with stimulated echoes (DENSE), tissue displacement is encoded in the phase of the stimulated echo. However, three echoes generally contribute to the acquired signal (the stimulated echo, the complex conjugate of the stimulated echo, and an echo due to T(1) relaxation). It is usually desirable to suppress all except the stimulated echo, since otherwise the additional echoes will cause displacement measurement errors. Ideally, suppression of the artifact-generating echoes would be independent of time, T(1), and displacement-encoding frequency, and would not require additional acquisitions. In this study through-plane gradients were used to selectively dephase artifact-generating echoes without causing significant signal loss of the stimulated echo. A cine DENSE sequence was modified to include dephasing gradients and perform complementary spatial modulation of magnetization (CSPAMM). For single-acquisition cine DENSE using dephasing alone, artifact suppression was similar to CSPAMM with two acquisitions. The use of dephasing with CSPAMM required two acquisitions, but demonstrated greater artifact suppression than CSPAMM alone or dephasing alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Bruce S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Spottiswoode
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Cowart
authors.forename: Wesley D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Gilson
authors.forename: Frederick H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Epstein
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016477:Artifacts; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D006321:Heart / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity