title: Predicting the biodistribution of radiolabeled cMORF effector in MORF-pretargeted mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pretargeting with phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (MORFs) involves administration of a MORF-conjugated anti-tumor antibody such as MN14 as a pretargeting agent before that of the radiolabeled complementary MORF (cMORF) as the effector. The dosages of the pretargeting agent and effector, the pretargeting interval, and the detection time are the four pretargeting variables. The goal of this study was to develop a semiempirical description capable of predicting the biodistribution of the radiolabeled effector in pretargeted mice and then to compare predictions with experimental results from pretargeting studies in tumored animals in which the pretargeting interval and the detection time were both fixed but the dosages of both the effector and the pretargeting agent were separately varied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pretargeting studies in LS174T tumored mice were performed using the anti-CEA antibody MN14 conjugated with MORF and the cMORF radiolabeled with (99m)Tc. A description was developed based on our previous observations in the same mouse model of the blood and tumor levels of MORF-MN14, accessibility of MORF-MN14 to labeled cMORF, the tumor accumulation of labeled cMORF relative to MORF-MN14 levels therein, and the kidney accumulation of labeled cMORF. The predicted values were then compared with the experimental values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The predicted biodistribution of the radiolabeled effector and the experimental data were in gratifying agreement in normal organs, suggesting that the description of the pretargeting process was reliable. The tumor accumulations occasionally fell outside two standard deviations of that predicted, but after tumor size correction, good agreement between predicted and experimental values was observed here as well.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A semiempirical description of the biodistribution of labeled cMORF was capable of predicting the biodistribution of the radiolabeled effector in the pretargeted tumored mouse model, demonstrating that the underlying pretargeting concepts are correct. We believe that the approach described herein may be applied to any of the alternative pretargeting approaches and animal tumor models currently under investigation. Furthermore, appreciation of the concepts may provide a rationale for selecting dosages and timings in human pretargeting studies as an alternative to pure empirical means.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655-0243, USA. guozheng.liu@umassmed.edu
authors.forename: Guozheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Shuping
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dou
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Xinrong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rusckowski
authors.forename: Donald J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hnatowich
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008954:Models, Biological; D009025:Morpholines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D060172:Morpholinos; D009928:Organ Specificity; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013667:Technetium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D009025:Morpholines; D060172:Morpholinos; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013667:Technetium