title: Proteomic identification of macrophage migration-inhibitory factor upon exposure to TiO2 particles.
abstract: Inhalation of particulate matter aggravates respiratory symptoms in patients with chronic airway diseases, but the mechanisms underlying this response remain poorly understood. We used a proteomics approach to examine this phenomenon. Treatment of epithelial cells with BSA-coated titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) particles altered 20 protein spots on the two-dimensional gel, and these were then analyzed by nano-LC-MS/MS. These proteins included defense-related, cell-activating, and cytoskeletal proteins implicated in the response to oxidative stress. The proteins were classified into four groups according to the time course of their expression patterns. For validation, RT-PCR was performed on extracts of in vitro TiO(2)-treated cells, and lung issues from TiO(2)-treated rats were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and enzyme immunoassay. TiO(2) treatment was found to increase the amount of mRNA for macrophage migration-inhibitory factor (MIF). MIF was expressed primarily in epithelium and was elevated in lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of TiO(2)-treated rats as compared with sham-treated rats. Carbon black and diesel exhaust particles also induced expression of MIF protein in the epithelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Genome Research Center for Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 420-853, Korea.
authors.forename: Myung-Hwa
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: TaiYoun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rhim
authors.forename: Kyung Hun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: An-Soo
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Young-Ki
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Paik
authors.forename: Choon-Sik
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000187:drug effects; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014025:Titanium / Q000633:toxicity*; D014153:Transaldolase / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018118:Chloride Channels; C501967:Clic1 protein, mouse; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; D052638:Particulate Matter; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium; D014153:Transaldolase