title: Evidence of hypercoagulability and inflammation in young patients long after acute cerebral ischaemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Young subjects with acute cerebral ischaemia - stroke or transient ischaemic attack - form an etiologically heterogeneous and often not clearly explained group of patients. The aim was to investigate possible disturbances in haemostasis and inflammation long after an acute cerebral ischaemic event.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four consecutive patients referred after having suffered from acute cerebral ischaemia before the age of 45 participated 1 to 9 years (median value 5 years) after the event. At the time of blood sampling 33 (75%) patients were receiving antithrombotic treatment. Forty-six apparently healthy subjects of the same age group served as controls. In all subjects global haemostasis parameters (overall haemostasis, coagulation and fibrinolytic potential), thrombophilia, several markers of haemostasis activation and inflammation were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients did not differ from controls in most of the conventional risk factors and the presence of most forms of thrombophilia, although in seven (17.5%) patients the weak presence of lupus anticoagulants was observed. Patients had significantly increased overall haemostasis and coagulation potential, increased soluble P-selectin and D-dimer, decreased overall fibrinolysis potential and increased fibrinogen and C-reactive protein compared to controls. The subgroups of patients receiving antiplatelet treatment, with thrombophilia and recurrent acute cerebral ischaemia, did not differ significantly from the other patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In young patients long after acute cerebral ischaemia an imbalance in the haemostatic system and a minor, but significant degree of inflammation was detected. The mechanisms behind haemostatic imbalance seem to be enhanced thrombin generation, platelet activation and depressed fibrinolysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre, Zaloska 7, 1525 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Sasa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anzej
authors.forename: Mojca
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bozic
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antovic
authors.forename: Polona
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peternel
authors.forename: Natasa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gaspersic
authors.forename: Uros
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Rot
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tratar
authors.forename: Mojca
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stegnar
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006487:Hemostasis; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators