title: [Malign and refractory hypertension].
abstract: Early occurences of organ damage, mainly in the cardiovascular system, the central nervous system, of the kidney or the retina, are hallmarks of a malign course in arterial hypertension. Peracute hypertensive emergencies can lead to a rapid deterioration of organ functions, a slower development is observed in patients with therapy-resistant forms of arterial hypertension. In the following article we discuss the historical trends in terminology and epidemiology, clinical symptoms, and possible causes for therapy-resistant hypertension. The latter mainly focuses on possible secondary forms of hypertension and on thoughts on therapy-resistance in primary, idiopathic arterial hypertension, as well as on possible therapeutic approaches.
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinik für Klinische Pharmakologie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Austria.
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schaller
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wolzt
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D006974:Hypertension, Malignant / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents