title: [Imaging in the early diagnosis of changes in the hand of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. Is ultrasound a true alternative for low-field magnetic resonance scanning, 3-phase bone scintigraphy and conventional x-rays?].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Besides the use of conventional x-rays in the diagnostic work-up of initial changes in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 3-phase bone scintigraphy (3P-Sz) is as well established as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic value of ultrasound of the hands with proven methods such as conventional x-rays, low-field MRI and 3P-Sz.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 30 patients were studied using a 1 day protocol with ultrasound, 3P-Sz, MRI and x-ray of the hands. Images were visually assessed by two blinded nuclear medicine physicians and radiologists and classified as RA typical and non-RA typical changes. All methods were compared to the summarized findings interpreted by a rheumatologist after 2 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 30 patients, 19 presented with clinical symptoms of initial changes due to rheumatoid arthritis. Ultrasound revealed 14/19 patients with the correct diagnosis. Conventional x-rays indicated 11/19 patients, while 3P-Sz (100%) and low-field MRI (95%) showed high sensitivity. It was possible to differentiate between inflammation and inconspicuous findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An experienced examiner can use ultrasound effectively for the initial diagnosis of RA. Based on its low cost, ultrasound is a valid alternative to conventional x-rays.
authors.affiliation: Abt. Diagnostische Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg, Standort Giessen. stefan.hoepfner@web.de
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Höpfner
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Krolak
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Treitl
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Becker-Gaab
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kellner
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tiling
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006228:Hand Deformities, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis*; D050823:Hand Joints / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography