title: Probing cell-division phenotype space and Polo-like kinase function using small molecules.
abstract: Cell-permeable small molecules that inhibit their targets on fast timescales are powerful probes of cell-division mechanisms. Such inhibitors have been identified using phenotype-based screens with chemical libraries. However, the characteristics of compound libraries needed to effectively span cell-division phenotype space, to find probes that target different mechanisms, are not known. Here we show that a small collection of 100 diaminopyrimidines (DAPs) yields a range of cell-division phenotypes, including changes in spindle geometry, chromosome positioning and mitotic index. Monopolar mitotic spindles are induced by four inhibitors, including one that targets Polo-like kinases (Plks), evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinases. Using chemical inhibitors and high-resolution live-cell microscopy, we found that Plk activity is needed for the assembly and maintenance of bipolar mitotic spindles. Plk inhibition destabilizes kinetochore microtubules while stabilizing other spindle microtubules, leading to monopolar spindles. Further testing of compounds based on 'privileged scaffolds', such as the DAP scaffold, could lead to new cell-division probes and antimitotic agents.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chemistry and Cell Biology, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cherian
authors.forename: Jeffrey H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Benjamin H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Kwok
authors.forename: Tarun M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Kapoor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000502:physiology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000882:Haplorhini; D006801:Humans; D008870:Microtubules / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D010655:Phenylenediamines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000502:physiology*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D034622:RNA Interference; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013997:Time Factors; D014404:Tubulin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029867:Xenopus Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000502:physiology*; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000378:metabolism; D000097869:Polo-Like Kinase 1
chemical_list: D052160:Benzothiazoles; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D010655:Phenylenediamines; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011743:Pyrimidines; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014404:Tubulin; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; C515783:2-(4-acetamidylphenylamino)-4-(2-benzoylphenylamino)-5-nitropyrimidine; C515784:2-(benzothiazol-6-ylamino)-4-(indan-5-ylamino)pyrimidine; C101085:Plk1 protein, Xenopus; D000097869:Polo-Like Kinase 1