Surgery in advanced and metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
Curative surgery in more advanced renal cell carcinoma is limited to solitary metastases or regional disease. Response to systemic immunotherapy continues to be reported; however, most responses are limited and not durable. Only randomized, prospective clinical trials will prove the efficacy of systemic therapy.
Chan
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James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
Marshall
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