title: Therapy of multidrug resistant human prostate tumors in the prostate of nude mice by simultaneous targeting of the epidermal growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor on tumor-associated endothelial cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inhibiting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGF-R) activation with AEE788 can decrease prostate cancer (CaP) growth/progression. We determined whether tumor cells or tumor-associated endothelial cells were the primary target by treating multidrug-resistant (MDR) CaP growing in the prostate of nude mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  MDR human CaP cells with 30-fold increased taxane-resistance were implanted into nude mouse prostates. After 2 weeks, mice were randomized to control, paclitaxel, AEE788, and AEE788/paclitaxel for 10 weeks. Mice were necropsied and tumors stained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AEE788 or AEE788 plus paclitaxel significantly reduced tumor incidence and tumor weight, and eradicated lymph node metastasis. Inhibiting VEGF-R and EGF-R phosphorylation induced apoptosis of tumor-associated endothelial cells causing a second apoptotic wave of surrounding tumor cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inhibiting VEGF-R and EGF-R activation on tumor-associated endothelial cells with AEE788 combined with paclitaxel can bypass CaP cell resistance and prevent lymph node metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: J Erik
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Busby
authors.forename: Sun-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sertac
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yazici
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Jang-Seong
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Junqin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Marva
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maya
authors.forename: Xuemei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kim-Anh
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Do
authors.forename: Dominic
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Isaiah J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Fidler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D042783:Endothelial Cells; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011687:Purines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D011687:Purines; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; C489254:AEE 788; D017239:Paclitaxel