title: Renal dialysis as a risk factor for appropriate therapies and mortality in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with end-stage renal disease are at increased risk for sudden cardiac death, although the utility of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) in these patients is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether end-stage renal disease is an independent risk factor for appropriate ICD therapy for ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) and to compare the long-term survival of ICD recipients with and without end-stage renal disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study was performed on ICD recipients at a single center. The primary endpoint was first appropriate ICD therapy for VT/VF. The secondary endpoint was survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 585 patients, 19 (3.2%) of whom had end-stage renal disease prior to device implantation. Average follow-up time was 2.2 +/- 2.4 years, during which time 156 patients (26.7%) received appropriate ICD therapy. End-stage renal disease was strongly associated with appropriate ICD therapy (hazard ratio 2.30, 95% confidence interval 1.17-4.54) and remained a significant predictor following adjustment for implant indication, ejection fraction, diabetes, hypertension, and beta-blocker use. Survival was significantly shorter in the end-stage renal disease patients, with a median survival time of 3.2 +/- 0.6 (SEM) years in the dialysis cohort and 7.4 +/- 0.5 (SEM) years in those without end-stage renal disease (log rank P = .009). The majority of deaths in the end-stage renal disease cohort were due to non-device-related infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this cohort, end-stage renal disease was the single greatest predictor of ICD therapies for VT/VF. The survival rate was significantly shorter than that of ICD recipients without end-stage renal disease, suggesting that comorbidities in end-stage renal disease patients meeting current implant indications may reduce the survival benefit of ICD placement in this population.
authors.affiliation: Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Robin
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Weinberg
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tiongson
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carnethon
authors.forename: Madhavi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ciaccio
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Quadrini
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kadish
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goldberger
authors.forename: Rod
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Passman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007087:Illinois / Q000453:epidemiology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*