title: Increased whole blood chemiluminescence in patients with chronic renal failure independent of hemodialysis treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The luminol-enhanced whole blood chemiluminescence (LBCL) assay is a rapid assay for the measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by circulating phagocytes. This study's aim was to determine if patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) and non-dialyzed patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) have altered LBCL and if dialysis itself affects ROS production in the blood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six HD patients, 11 non-dialyzed patients with CRF, and 20 gender- and age-matched healthy controls were studied. Resting (rCl) and 2 x 10(-5) M n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-stimulated LBCL (peak chemiluminescence: pCl, total light emission after agonist addition: tCl) calculated per 10(4) phagocytes present in the 3-mul blood samples were measured with a Bio-Orbit 1251 luminometer at 37 degrees C for 11 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prior to the HD session, median rCL, pCL, and tCL were 1.5, 3.0, and 2.8 times higher in HD patients than in healthy controls (p<0.01) and tended to increase at the end of the session. Significant increases in tCl were observed at 30 min and 240 min (end) of HD (1023.5 vs. 1810.6 vs. 2006.8 arbitrary units x s/10(4) phagocytes, n=9, p<0.05). Median pCl and tCl were 5.0 and 4.3 times higher in non-dialyzed patients with CRF than in healthy controls (p<0.001). However, no significant differences were found between pre- and post-HD LBCL of HD patients and the LBCL of non-dialyzed patients with renal failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Blood from patients with renal failure generates elevated amounts of oxidants independently of HD treatment. This may add to the understanding of the nature of oxidative stress and suggests the need of anti-oxidant treatment in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Dialysotherapy, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rysz
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Potargowicz
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Banach
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luczyńska
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stolarek
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Białasiewicz
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kasielski
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ciałkowska-Rysz
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nowak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D049449:Luminescence; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000379:methods; D008165:Luminol / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010586:Phagocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000379:methods*; D014511:Uremia / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; D008165:Luminol