title: Training and fidelity monitoring of behavioral interventions in multi-site addictions research.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Methods for the training and fidelity monitoring of behavioral interventions in multi-site addictions research are reviewed, including five published studies and seven ongoing studies sponsored by the National Institute on Drug Abuse-funded Clinical Trials Network.
  
  
  METHODS
  Methods are categorized and reviewed consistent with a technology model of treatment delivery. Topics include: therapist selection, training, certification, and supervision; selection, training, and certification of supervisors; scales and processes used for monitoring of the quality of treatment; and processes followed to provide new training for replacement staff once trials have begun.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The review reveals both a wide array of procedures and emerging standards for multi-site trials. Methodological weakness was observed with respect to limited empirical support for many adherence scales, little or no evaluation of supervisory processes, and no evaluation of re-training practices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Methods used in multi-site trials are important not only to ensure validity of those trials, but also to inform the wider dissemination of empirically based treatment into community agencies. Studies examining noted weaknesses are needed. Training and fidelity models that delegate responsibility to participating sites appear most relevant for establishing best practices for dissemination of behavioral interventions. The effectiveness of these distributed training and supervision models should be subjected to empirical study at a level of rigor comparable to the evaluation of their corresponding treatments.
authors.affiliation: University of Washington, Department of Psychology, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute, Seattle, Washington 98105-4631, USA. jsbaer@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Baer
authors.forename: Samuel A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: Barbara K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Gloria M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Miele
authors.forename: Eugene P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Schoener
authors.forename: Kathlene
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tracy
mesh_terms: D001519:Behavior; D002568:Certification; D006801:Humans; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000193:education* / Q000592:standards; D012106:Research / Q000639:trends; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology*