Fluctuation relations for a driven Brownian particle.
We consider a driven Brownian particle, subject to both conservative and nonconservative applied forces, whose probability evolves according to the Kramers equation. We derive a general fluctuation relation, expressing the ratio of the probability of a given Brownian path in phase space with that of the time-reversed path, in terms of the entropy flux to the heat reservoir. This fluctuation relation implies those of Seifert, Jarzynski, and Gallavotti-Cohen in different special cases.
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Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, INFN-Sezione di Napoli, CNISM, Sezione di Napoli, Università Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Naples, Italy.
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