title: Medical check-up findings characteristic of smokers: aimed at improving smoking cessation interventions by physicians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to elucidate the medical check-up findings associated with smoking habit, which medical professionals, particularly physicians, should use for the promotion of quitting smoking.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 6,215 male and 1,627 female employees who participated in annual medical check-up, we compared the results of each test between smokers and nonsmokers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Many results were significantly different between smokers and nonsmokers in both males and females. Among them, the hematocrit, leukocyte count, and levels of hemoglobin and triglyceride were significantly higher, the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly lower, and the frequencies of positive urinary occult blood and hearing loss were significantly higher in male smokers than in male nonsmokers. Furthermore, the hematocrit, leukocyte count, positive urinary occult blood, hearing loss, and levels of hemoglobin, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol showed significant trends for male nonsmoker, and light, moderate, and heavy male smokers, that is, significant associations with larger numbers of cigarettes smoked per day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Not only polycythemia and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level but also high leukocyte count, hearing loss, positive urinary occult blood, and high triglyceride level are smoking-related abnormal findings. In the medical check-up, medical professionals should inform smokers of these data and encourage them to quit smoking.
authors.affiliation: YAMAHA Health Care Center, 10-1 Nakazawa-cho, Hamamatsu 430-8650.
authors.forename: Chinori
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kurata
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010808:Physical Examination; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000209:etiology*