title: Unilaterally symptomatic moyamoya disease in children: long-term follow-up of 20 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In unilaterally symptomatic moyamoya disease in children, it remains controversial whether bypass surgery should be performed on the asymptomatic side along with on the symptomatic side. We aimed to verify the validity of our strategy of only performing bypass surgery on the symptomatic side.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 91 pediatric patients with moyamoya disease who underwent bypass surgery in our department between 1980 and 2004, 20 with unilateral ischemic symptoms who were followed for more than 60 months were analyzed in the present study. Initially, we only performed bypass surgery on the symptomatic side for all 20 patients. Among these 20 patients, five developed frequent transient ischemic attacks in the initially asymptomatic side and underwent a second bypass surgery on that side (Group A), eight developed sporadic transient ischemic attacks and were followed up without surgery (Group B), and seven did not experience any ischemic symptoms on the asymptomatic side (Group C).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 18 patients progressed well without cerebral infarctions after their last surgery, although some showed deterioration of angiographic stenosis and a transient decrease in the regional cerebral blood flow or cerebral perfusion reserve. One patient in Group A had an intraventricular hemorrhage 5 years after the second operation, and one in Group B had a minor stroke on the initially asymptomatic side.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In unilaterally symptomatic moyamoya disease, bypass surgery for the asymptomatic side can be delayed until the development of ischemic symptoms, such as frequent transient ischemic attacks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan. snagata@ns.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsushima
authors.forename: Takato
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morioka
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsukado
authors.forename: Futoshi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mihara
authors.forename: Tomio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukui
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000209:etiology*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D002548:Cerebral Revascularization / Q000009:adverse effects; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009072:Moyamoya Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012086:Reoperation; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology; D014711:Vertebral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging