title: Ion uptake into demineralized dentine from glass ionomer cement following pretreatment with silver fluoride and potassium iodide.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diamine silver fluoride (Ag(NH3)2F), referred to as AgF, has been shown to provide a pronounced antimicrobial action against caries. The clinical application of this material has been limited by the staining associated with both teeth and tooth coloured restorative materials. The application of potassium iodide (KI) after AgF eliminates stain formation. The purpose of this study was to determine if a prior application of silver fluoride and potassium iodine to demineralized dentine affected the uptake of strontium and fluoride from a glass ionomer cement restoration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three cavities were prepared in each of five recently extracted human third molars. The cavities were demineralized and treated as follows. In each tooth, one cavity was left as a control, one cavity was restored with glass ionomer cement and one cavity was treated with 1.8M AgF and a saturated KI solution and then restored with glass ionomer cement. The penetration of the various elements into demineralized dentine was measured by their relative percentage weights using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fluoride uptake was significantly higher in the AgF and KI treated samples compared to the other two samples and significantly higher in the glass ionomer restored sample compared to the control. The application of AgF and KI did not significantly interfere with the transfer of strontium from glass ionomer cement into dentine. Silver and iodine deposits were present in the demineralized dentine treated with AgF and KI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The application of AgF and KI onto dentine prior to the placement of glass ionomer cement did not significantly affect the strontium uptake into the subjacent demineralized dentine and the fluoride levels in this zone were significantly increased.
authors.affiliation: Dental School, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia. geoffbds@dentalk.com.au
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: McIntyre
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.lastname: Mulyani
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D003804:Dentin / Q000378:metabolism*; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D005459:Fluorides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D016877:Oxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D011193:Potassium Iodide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018030:Silver Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013324:Strontium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000378:metabolism*; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D016877:Oxidants; D018030:Silver Compounds; D011193:Potassium Iodide; C105022:silver fluoride; D010758:Phosphorus; C037885:Fuji-ionomer; D005459:Fluorides; D002118:Calcium; D013324:Strontium