title: Cerebellar and other neurological soft signs in antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cerebellar neurological abnormalities in schizophrenia have been associated with severe negative symptoms, cognitive deficits, and smaller cerebellar volume. This study assessed the comparative discriminant validity between Cerebellar Soft Signs (CSS) vs. other neurological soft signs (ONSS) [in discriminating between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls] as well as the relationship between the soft signs and psychopathology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia patients (n = 32) and healthy subjects (n = 32) were examined using International Co-Operative Ataxia Rating Scale and Neurological Evaluation Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean CSS scores, ONSS total score, and Sensory Integration Signs sub-score were significantly higher in patients. Discriminant analysis revealed two CSS sub-scores (but none of the ONSS scores) to be significant (P < 0.0001) accounting for 78% of classification. CSS total score, Posture sub-score, and Oculomotor sub-score had significant positive correlation with negative syndrome score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings support intrinsic cerebellar dysfunction in schizophrenia. The observations are discussed in relationship with cognitive dysmetria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Varambally
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Venkatasubramanian
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thirthalli
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Janakiramaiah
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Gangadhar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001259:Ataxia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003710:Demography; D004401:Dysarthria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011187:Posture; D015995:Prevalence; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents