title: Changing epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in central Australia prior to conjugate vaccine: a 16-year study.
abstract: This study reports a 16-year prospective surveillance of invasive disease isolates in central Australian Aborigines. There were 621 (89.6% of total) isolates recovered from Aborigines. The mortality in children less than 5 years of age was 4% but rose to 34.5% in those over 49 years of age. The study documented continuing high rates of disease overall, but with significant reductions in incidence rates for children. In children under 2 years of age, the incidence fell by 32% from 2053 per 100,000 in the period 1985-1990 to 1184 per 100,000 in the period 1996-2000. Rates of disease in adults showed no reduction despite an adult immunisation programme with 23 valent vaccine which occurred in the 1990s. Epidemics of serotypes 1, 5 and 12F were documented during the study period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, Suite 420 RPAH Medical Centre, 100 Carillon Avenue, Newtown, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia. pault@mail.med.usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Torzillo
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morey
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gratten
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Rex
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Matters
authors.forename: Jeannette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dixon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008875:Middle Aged; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000095283:Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples
chemical_list: D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate