title: Evaluation of the USP dissolution test method A for enteric-coated articles by planar laser-induced fluorescence.
abstract: The USP drug release standard for delayed-release articles method A was evaluated using planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF). Prior authors have suggested that high pH "hot spots" could develop during the buffer medium addition of the method A enteric test. Additionally, previous studies have shown heterogeneous flow patterns and low-shear regions in the USP Apparatus II dissolution vessel, which may result in poor mixing of the buffer and acid media during the pH neutralization step of the method A enteric test. In this study, PLIF was used to evaluate the mixing patterns and evolution of pH neutralization during the buffer medium addition with rhodamine-B dye and the pH-sensitive dye fluorescein, respectively. Additionally, a comparison of the methods A and B enteric tests was performed with enteric-coated tablets containing rhodamine-B in the film so as to image the dissolution rate of the coating polymer with PLIF in order to determine if rapid buffer addition for the method A procedure accelerates the rate of film coat dissolution. Rapid addition of the 250 mL of buffer medium over 5 s to the 750 mL of acidic medium shows efficient mixing and pH neutralization due to the generation of large-scale stirring and enhanced turbulence resulting from the descending buffer medium. Slow addition near the paddle shaft over 5 min showed segregation in the recirculating region around the paddle shaft. In contrast, slow addition near the vessel wall introduces the medium into fluid outside of the recirculation region and enables transport over the entire vessel. Enteric-coated tablets tested according to method A with rapid medium addition and method B enteric tests performed identically, indicating no difference in polymer dissolution rate between the two tests. From the results of the PLIF imaging studies with rhodamine-B, fluorescein, and enteric-coated tablets, it was seen that "hot spots" affecting the dissolution performance of enteric dosage forms are not generated during the neutralization step of the method A enteric test namely when the media is added rapidly or outside of the recirculating region that surrounds the paddle shaft.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
authors.forename: Dave A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Mirko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gamba
authors.forename: Dorothea
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sauer
authors.forename: Troy P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Purvis
authors.forename: Noel T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Clemens
authors.forename: Robert O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005453:Fluorescence; D007834:Lasers; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012235:Rhodamines / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D013608:Tablets, Enteric-Coated / Q000737:chemistry*; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; C477852:Eudragit L 30 D-55; D008689:Methacrylates; D011108:Polymers; D012235:Rhodamines; D013608:Tablets, Enteric-Coated; C029773:rhodamine B