title: Effect of short-term sequential administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the stomach and proximal portion of the duodenum in healthy dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate effects of injection with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) followed by oral administration of an NSAID on the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of healthy dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  6 healthy Walker Hounds.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized, crossover design, dogs were administered 4 treatments consisting of an SC injection of an NSAID or control solution (day 0), followed by oral administration of an NSAID or inert substance for 4 days (days 1 through 4). Treatment regimens included carprofen (4 mg/kg) followed by inert substance; saline (0.9% NaCl) solution followed by deracoxib (4 mg/kg); carprofen (4 mg/kg) followed by carprofen (4 mg/kg); and carprofen (4 mg/kg) followed by deracoxib (4 mg/kg). Hematologic, serum biochemical, and fecal evaluations were conducted weekly, and clinical scores were obtained daily. Endoscopy of the GIT was performed before and on days 1, 2, and 5 for each treatment. Lesions were scored by use of a 6-point scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences existed for clinical data, clinicopathologic data, or lesion scores in the esophagus, cardia, or duodenum. For the gastric fundus, antrum, and lesser curvature, an effect of time was observed for all treatments, with lesions worsening from before to day 2 of treatments but improving by day 5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sequential administration of NSAIDs in this experiment did not result in clinically important gastroduodenal ulcers. A larger study to investigate the effect of sequential administration of NSAIDs for longer durations and in dogs with signs of acute and chronic pain is essential to substantiate these findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1601, USA.
authors.forename: Kristy L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Dowers
authors.forename: Samantha R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Uhrig
authors.forename: Khursheed R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Mama
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gaynor
authors.forename: Peter W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Hellyer
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004285:Dogs; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004378:Duodenal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006262:Health; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D013270:Stomach / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D013272:Stomach Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002227:Carbazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; C007005:carprofen; C471996:deracoxib; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides