title: Assessing motivation for change in subjects with alcohol problems: the MAC2-A questionnaire.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article presents the validation study of a questionnaire (MAC2-A), created to assess motivation for change in Italian adult subjects with alcohol related problems who require or are referred for assessment and treatment. The questionnaire evaluates readiness to change (RTC), self-efficacy and discrepancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The questionnaire was validated on 419 subjects referred to 23 health agencies in Italy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The questionnaire showed good internal consistency and temporal stability. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis confirms the consistency with the theoretical assumptions. Test-retest showed high reliability on all scales except one. Visual analogue control scales used for reliability and concurrent validity yielded strong correlations with the corresponding variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study confirms the validity of the instrument, and its consistency with the model. The MAC2-A questionnaire is the first psychometric instrument integrating three factors (discrepancy, self-efficacy, RTC) into a 3D model of motivation for change.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dependence Via Sampierdarena, Genova, Italy. spiller@fastwebnet.it
authors.forename: Valter
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Spiller
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zavan
authors.forename: Gian Paolo
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Guelfi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012919:Social Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013695:Temperance