title: [Selective three-field lymphadenectomy for thoracic esophageal squamous carcinoma].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the lymph node metastasis and the rational lymphadenectomy in thoracic esophageal carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-seven patients with thoracic esophageal squamous carcinoma received esophagectomy plus two-field or three-field lymphadenectomy based on cervical ultrasonography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-five patients (40.2% ) with enlarged cervical nodes revealed by cervical ultrasonography received cervical lymphadenectomy. The proportion of cervical lymphadenectomy was 66.7% (16/24) in upper thoracic esophageal carcinomas, significantly higher than 30.2% (19/63) in middle and lower esophageal carcinomas (P=0.002). Regional and cervical lymph node metastasis were found in 48(55.2% ) and 17(19.5% ) patients respectively. The regional lymph node metastatic rates were 37.5% (9/24), 62.3% (33/53) and 60.0% (6/10) respectively in the patients with upper, middle, and lower thoracic esophageal carcinoma. The cervical lymph node metastatic rates in the patients with or without regional lymph node metastasis were 31.3% (15/48) and 5.1% (2/39) respectively(P=0.002). The rates of upper, mid, lower mediastinal and upper abdominal lymph node metastasis were 25.3%, 23.0%, 5.7%, and 24.1% respectively. Cervical lymph node metastasis was significantly correlated with upper and mid mediastinal metastasis (both P< 0.01), but not with lower mediastinal and upper abdominal lymph node metastasis. The overall postoperative morbidity rate was significantly higher in three field lymphadenectomy group than that in two field group(60.0% vs. 34.6%, P=0.020).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Selective 3-field lymphadenectomy based on cervical ultrasonography should be performed in thoracic esophageal carcinoma, especially with upper and mid mediastinal lymph node metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery,Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai 200030,China. vwtfang@hotamil.com
authors.forename: Wen-tao
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Wen-hu
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yu-zhou
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009333:Neck / Q000473:pathology; D013909:Thorax / Q000473:pathology