title: Pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and acne syndrome (PAPA syndrome) associated with hypogammaglobulinemia and elevated serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels.
abstract: Pyogenic aseptic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and cystic acne (PAPA) syndrome is an unusual triad that was recently mapped to a chromosome 15q mutation. We describe a patient from this kindred in whom hypogammaglobulinemia and elevated tumor necrosis factor-alpha serum levels were detected. The patient responded well to intravenous gammaglobulin and intra-articular corticosteroid therapy. Immune abnormalities can be found in PAPA syndrome and could be the consequence of the chromosomal abnormalities affecting candidate genes on this chromosome with subsequent abnormalities in cytokine or chemokine secretion. Rheumatologists should be alert for this syndrome. Correction of the immune abnormalities may be effective in controlling the disease manifestations.
authors.affiliation: St. Luke' Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: Amr F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Edrees
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: Nabih I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Abdou