title: Correlation of echocardiography parameters with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in transfusion-dependent thalassaemia major.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Heart iron load (cardiac Fe) can be indirectly quantified by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) T2*. CMR accessibility is limited, whereas echocardiography (Echo) is relatively inexpensive and readily available. The objective was to find Echo parameters that may be useful for predicting cardiac Fe.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared a number of parameters derived from Echo to cardiac Fe in 142 thalassaemia major patients who had undergone a CMR study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients with decreased left ventricular (LV) function had cardiac Fe. After removing those patients from the analysis, the total diameter index (Tdi) >5.57 cms/m2, left atrial diameter index >2.41 cm/m2, and the diastolic parameter E/A > 1.96 were highly specific (91.4%, 97.1% and 96.9% respectively) but had low sensitivity (31.8%, 20.45% and 21.8%) in predicting iron load. A right ventricular index >1.47 cm/m2, LV systolic index >2.26 cm/m2 or Tdi >6.26 cm/m2 discriminated between patients with no, or mild to moderate cardiac Fe from those with heavy load, with specificity of 91%, 98.5%, and 98.5%, respectively, but with low sensitivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Echo parameters for cardiac Fe prediction have restricted value, whereas CMR is essential to assess cardiac Fe. However, patients with decreased LV systolic function should be considered a priori as having cardiac Fe, and chelation therapy should be intensified. This also applies to patients who have the above-described Echo criterion values, even if CMR is not available. Once a patient is found by CMR to have cardiac Fe, then the above Echo criterion values may be useful for ongoing monitoring.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Medicine, University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece. aaisopos@cc.uoa.gr
authors.forename: Athanassios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aessopos
authors.forename: Anastasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giakoumis
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fragodimitri
authors.forename: Fotis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Karabatsos
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hatziliami
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yousef
authors.forename: Efstathios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gotsis
authors.forename: Vasilis
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Berdoukas
authors.forename: Markissia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karagiorga
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015913:Chelation Therapy; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000473:pathology; D017086:beta-Thalassemia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D007502:Iron Chelating Agents; D007501:Iron