title: Clodronate reduces the incidence of fractures in community-dwelling elderly women unselected for osteoporosis: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized study.
abstract: A 3-year prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of oral clodronate 800 mg showed that the incidence of clinical fractures was decreased by 20% in 5596 elderly women unselected for osteoporosis. The effect occurred in the absence of systematic calcium and vitamin D supplementation and was observed across a wide range of BMDs.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  To date, most studies with bisphosphonates have reported on their use in individuals selected to be at high risk for fracture usually by the presence of low BMD or a prior fragility fracture, usually of the spine. We wished to determine the effect of the bisphosphonate, clodronate, on the rate of fractures in women > or =75 years of age living in the community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women > or =75 years of age living in the general community in South Yorkshire and North Derbyshire, identified from general practice registers, were recruited by letter of invitation to a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of 800 mg oral clodronate (Bonefos) or matching placebo daily over 3 years. The main outcomes were the incidences of hip and any clinical fracture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 5579 elderly women included in the intention-to-treat analysis of efficacy, 114 had a new hip fracture during the 3-year treatment phase: 56 (2.0%) women in the clodronate group and 58 (2.1%) women in the placebo group (hazard ration [HR], 1.02; 95% CI, 0.71-1.47). Clodronate did, however, decrease the incidence of any clinical fracture by 20% (264 women [9.5%] versus 337 [12.1%] in the placebo group; HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.68-0.94). The incidence of osteoporosis-associated nonhip fractures was also significantly decreased by 29% (5.2% versus 7.4%; HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.57-0.87). The ability of clodronate to reduce the risk of osteoporotic fracture was independent of baseline BMD, but the number needed-to-treat was lower in the presence of osteoporosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral daily clodronate can prevent fractures without significant adverse effects in elderly women living in the general community. The effect on hip fracture risk is not significant, but an effect similar to that at other nonvertebral sites cannot be excluded. This study suggests that antiresorptive therapies can reduce fracture incidence in high-risk individuals even in the presence of a normal or osteopenic BMD.
authors.affiliation: Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK. e.v.mccloskey@shef.ac.uk
authors.forename: Eugene V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: McCloskey
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beneton
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Charlesworth
authors.forename: Karthik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kayan
authors.forename: Dominic
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: deTakats
authors.forename: Abhijit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dey
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Orgee
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ashford
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Forster
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cliffe
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kersh
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brazier
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nichol
authors.forename: Sakari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aropuu
authors.forename: Tarja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jalava
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kanis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D049628:Body Size; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004002:Clodronic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004739:England; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010919:Placebos
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D010919:Placebos; D004002:Clodronic Acid