title: [Ultrasonographic evaluation of selected parameters of the endothelial function in brachial arteries and IMT measurements in carotid arteries in children with diabetes type 1 using personal insulin pumps--preliminary report].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Type 1 diabetes is a known risk factor for arterial atherosclerosis. The first symptoms can be found even in childhood. The ultrasonographic measurements of intimal plus medial thickness in carotid arteries (IMT) and flow mediated dilatation (FMD) evaluated in brachial arteries, play a known role in the detection in these cases. The diabetes treatment intensification is an important factor in delaying early atherosclerotic changes. Currently, intensive treatment of children's diabetes with use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion with personal insulin pumps is gaining more and more popularity. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY was the evaluation of IMT and FMD indexes in children suffering from type 1 diabetes in the context of treatment intensification (multidose insulin injections v. personal insulin pumps).
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 64 children (29 boys and 35 girls) in the mean age 15.5 years treated with the multidose insulin injections method and 10 children using personal insulin pumps (4 girls and 6 boys) in the mean age 14.5 years. Using high resolution ultrasonography we evaluated IMT values in carotid arteries and FMD parameters in brachial arteries. In our analysis we estimated the blood concentration of lipid parameters, values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, the age of diabetes onset, duration time of the illness and the values of HbA1c as a marker of metabolic control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We noticed significantly higher FMD values in patients treated with personal insulin pumps (13.7 vs. 5.5%, p=0.001). IMT values were similar in both groups (0.52 vs. 0.5 mm, p=0. 41). The level of HDL cholesterol was higher and triglycerides lower in the group with treatment intensification. The metabolic control was the same in both groups. In patients treated by the multidose insulin injections IMT correlated with systolic blood pressure values. We didn't notice any correlation between IMT and FMD in any group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1. Treatment intensification (personal insulin pumps) influences better vascular endothelial function in type 1 diabetic children and seems to be a significant tool in delaying the atherosclerotic process. 2. We need more examinations to explain the role of treatment intensification in common carotid arteries wall morphology in type 1 diabetic children. 3. The ultrasonographic detection of atherosclerotic changes in arterial vessels can help in the evaluation of the changes due to different methods of diabetes treatment.
authors.affiliation: II Klinika Chorób Dzieci w Białymstoku, Białystok. jtolwinska@poczta.onet.pl
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tołwińska
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Głowińska-Olszewska
authors.forename: Mirosława
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Urban
authors.forename: Bozena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Florys
authors.forename: Jadwiga
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peczyńska
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015918:Infusion Pumps, Implantable; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D011044:Poland; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin