title: [Validation of an Icelandic version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS).].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The GDS is a widely used tool world wide, both in clinical practice and in research of the elderly. The objective was to translate and validate the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) in Iceland. The short version of the GDS was also studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  GDS was translated from English to Icelandic and backtranslated. Individuals, both hospitalised and healthy, born 1933 or before were included in the study. Those who had MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination) score under 23 were excluded. Seventy-one individuals were examined for depression both with a structured interview, Composite International Diagnostic Interview; 1993 (CIDI-a) and with the GDS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The GDS results were comparable to the results from the interview. The cutoff score for depression was chosen 13/14 according to the most favorable values of sensitivity (0.77), specificity (0.95), positive predictive value (0.77) and kappa (0.72). One cutoff was chosen because in our study there were persons with moderate or severe depression but no one with mild depression was detected. Our cutoff score for depression was identical with the cutoff score in the original american GDS version, but the original american version included a cutoff for mild depression also.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Icelandic GDS is a reliable method to screen for depression among the elderly. We conclude that GDS is an useful tool in unravelling depressive illness amongst the elderly although not diagnostic per se.
authors.affiliation: Department of geriatrics, Landspitali University Hospital, Hringbraut, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland. jonejon@landspitali.is.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valdimarsdóttir
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Jónsson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Einarsdóttir
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tómasson