title: Time course of depression and outcome of myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Depression predicts worse outcomes after myocardial infarction (MI), but whether its time course in the month following MI has prognostic importance is unknown. Our objective was to evaluate the prognostic importance of transient, new, or persistent depression on outcomes at 6 months after MI.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective registry of acute MI (Prospective Registry Evaluating outcomes after Myocardial Infarction: Events and Recovery [PREMIER]), depressive symptoms were measured in 1873 patients with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) during hospitalization and 1 month after discharge and were classified as transient (only at baseline), new (only at 1 month), or persistent (at both times). Outcomes at 6 months included (1) all-cause rehospitalization or mortality and (2) health status (angina, physical limitation, and quality of life using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with nondepressed patients, all categories of depression were associated with higher rehospitalization or mortality rates, more frequent angina, more physical limitations, and worse quality of life. The adjusted hazard ratios for rehospitalization or mortality were 1.34, 1.71, and 1.42 for transient, new, and persistent depression, respectively (all P<.05). Corresponding odds ratios were 1.62, 2.73, and 2.64 (all P<.01) for angina and 1.69, 2.25, and 3.27 (all P<.05) for physical limitation. Depressive symptoms showed a stronger association with health status compared with traditional measures of disease severity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depressive symptoms after MI, irrespective of whether they persist, subside, or newly develop in the first month after hospitalization, are associated with worse outcomes after MI.
authors.affiliation: Divisions of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. smallik@emory.edu
authors.forename: Susmita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parashar
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rumsfeld
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Spertus
authors.forename: Kimberly J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: Nanette K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Wenger
authors.forename: Harlan M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Krumholz
authors.forename: Alpesh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.forename: William S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Weintraub
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lichtman
authors.forename: Nazeera
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dawood
authors.forename: Viola
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vaccarino
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000453:epidemiology; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D012042:Registries; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents