title: Orbital metastasis in patients with rhabdomyosarcoma: case series and review of the literature.
abstract: We present 3 cases of children who developed recurrent rhabdomyosarcoma with metastases to the orbit and review the medical literature. Eight additional cases have previously been reported. Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma was diagnosed in 7 cases. All 11 patients had stage 3 or 4 tumors at diagnosis, but none had orbital involvement initially. The mechanism of orbital recurrence is hematogenous in nature. Ten of the patients died; 7 of them succumbed with progressive disease within 6 months of the orbital recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. whuh@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Winston W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beverly Raney
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018450:Disease Progression; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D010386:Pelvic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D012008:Recurrence; D012208:Rhabdomyosarcoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy