title: Activation of the cardiac proteasome during pressure overload promotes ventricular hypertrophy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The adaptation of cardiac mass to hemodynamic overload requires an adaptation of protein turnover, ie, the balance between protein synthesis and degradation. We tested 2 hypotheses: (1) chronic left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) activates the proteasome system of protein degradation, especially in the myocardium submitted to the highest wall stress, ie, the subendocardium, and (2) the proteasome system is required for the development of LVH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gene and protein expression of proteasome subunits and proteasome activity were measured separately from left ventricular subendocardium and subepicardium, right ventricle, and peripheral tissues in a canine model of severe, chronic (2 years) LVH induced by aortic banding and then were compared with controls. Both gene and protein expressions of proteasome subunits were increased in LVH versus control (P<0.05), which was accompanied by a significant (P<0.05) increase in proteasome activity. Posttranslational modification of the proteasome was also detected by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis. These changes were found specifically in left ventricular subendocardium but not in left ventricular subepicardium, right ventricle, or noncardiac tissues from the same animals. In a mouse model of chronic pressure overload, a 50% increase in heart mass and a 2-fold increase in proteasome activity (both P<0.05 versus sham) were induced. In that model, the proteasome inhibitor epoxomicin completely prevented LVH while blocking proteasome activation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increase in proteasome expression and activity found during chronic pressure overload in myocardium submitted to higher stress is also required for the establishment of LVH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, UMDNJ, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Depre
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hedhli
authors.forename: Pallavi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peter
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chull
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hittinger
authors.forename: Bijan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ghaleh
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sadoshima
authors.forename: Dorothy E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Vatner
authors.forename: Stephen F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Vatner
authors.forename: Kiran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Madura
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000378:metabolism*; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D025821:Polyubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000502:physiology*; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors; D021122:Protein Subunits; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000378:metabolism; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D009124:Muscle Proteins; D009842:Oligopeptides; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors; D021122:Protein Subunits; D025821:Polyubiquitin; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; C078846:epoxomicin