title: Predicting response to primary chemotherapy: gene expression profiling of paraffin-embedded core biopsy tissue.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Primary chemotherapy provides an ideal opportunity to correlate gene expression with response to treatment. We used paraffin-embedded core biopsies from a completed phase II trial to identify genes that correlate with response to primary chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with newly diagnosed stage II or III breast cancer were treated with sequential doxorubicin 75 mg/M2 q2 wks x 3 and docetaxel 40 mg/M2 weekly x 6; treatment order was randomly assigned. Pretreatment core biopsy samples were interrogated for genes that might correlate with pathologic complete response (pCR). In addition to the individual genes, the correlation of the Oncotype DX Recurrence Score with pCR was examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 70 patients enrolled in the parent trial, core biopsies samples with sufficient RNA for gene analyses were available from 45 patients; 9 (20%) had inflammatory breast cancer (IBC). Six (14%) patients achieved a pCR. Twenty-two of the 274 candidate genes assessed correlated with pCR (p < 0.05). Genes correlating with pCR could be grouped into three large clusters: angiogenesis-related genes, proliferation related genes, and invasion-related genes. Expression of estrogen receptor (ER)-related genes and Recurrence Score did not correlate with pCR. In an exploratory analysis we compared gene expression in IBC to non-inflammatory breast cancer; twenty-four (9%) of the genes were differentially expressed (p < 0.05), 5 were upregulated and 19 were downregulated in IBC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gene expression analysis on core biopsy samples is feasible and identifies candidate genes that correlate with pCR to primary chemotherapy. Gene expression in IBC differs significantly from noninflammatory breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Indiana University, RT-473, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Lida
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mina
authors.forename: Sharon E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Soule
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Badve
authors.forename: Fredrick L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Baehner
authors.forename: Joffre
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Maureen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cronin
authors.forename: Drew
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Mei-Lan
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: George W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Sledge
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shak
authors.forename: Kathy D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001706:Biopsy; D001940:Breast / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016612:Paraffin Embedding