title: Effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibition with or without cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition on resting haemodynamics and responses to exendin-4.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interactions between the NO system and the cyclooxygenase systems may be important in cardiovascular regulation. Here we measured the effects of acute cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition (with parecoxib), alone and in combination with NOS inhibition (with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)), on resting cardiovascular variables and on responses to the glucagon-like peptide 1 agonist, exendin-4, which causes regionally-selective vasoconstriction and vasodilatation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were instrumented with flow probes and intravascular catheters to measure regional haemodynamics in the conscious, freely moving state. L-NAME was administered as a primed infusion 180 min after administration of parecoxib or vehicle, and exendin-4 was given 60 min after the onset of L-NAME infusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parecoxib had no effect on resting cardiovascular variables or on responses to L-NAME. Exendin-4 caused a pressor response accompanied by tachycardia, mesenteric vasoconstriction and hindquarters vasodilatation. Parecoxib did not affect haemodynamic responses to exendin-4, but L-NAME inhibited its hindquarters vasodilator and tachycardic effects. When combined, L-NAME and parecoxib almost abolished the hindquarters vasodilatation while enhancing the pressor response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cyclooxygenase-2-derived products do not affect basal haemodynamic status in conscious normotensive rats, or influence the NO system acutely. The inhibitory effects of L-NAME on the hindquarters vasodilator and tachycardic effects of exendin-4 are consistent with a previous study that showed those events to be beta-adrenoceptor mediated. The additional effect of parecoxib on responses to exendin-4 in the presence of L-NAME, is consistent with other evidence for enhanced involvement of vasodilator prostanoids when NO production is reduced.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrated Systems Biology & Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK. sheila.gardiner@nottingha.ac.uk
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gardiner
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: March
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bennett
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000187:drug effects*; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077270:Exenatide; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014688:Venoms / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007555:Isoxazoles; D010455:Peptides; D014688:Venoms; D000077270:Exenatide; C409945:parecoxib; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester