title: A phase II clinical and pharmacodynamic study of temsirolimus in advanced neuroendocrine carcinomas.
abstract: Standard cytotoxic treatments for neuroendocrine tumours have been associated with limited activity and remarkable toxicity. A phase II study was designed to evaluate the efficacy, safety and pharmacodynamics of temsirolimus in patients with advanced neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC). Thirty-seven patients with advanced progressive NEC received intravenous weekly doses of 25 mg of temsirolimus. Patients were evaluated for tumour response, time to progression (TTP), overall survival (OS) and adverse events (AE). Twenty-two archival specimens, as well as 13 paired tumour biopsies obtained pretreatment and after 2 weeks of temsirolimus were assessed for potential predictive and correlative markers. The intent-to-treat response rate was 5.6% (95% CI 0.6-18.7%), median TTP 6 months and 1-year OS rate 71.5%. The most frequent drug-related AE of all grades as percentage of patients were: fatigue (78%), hyperglycaemia (69%) and rash/desquamation (64%). Temsirolimus effectively inhibited the phosphorylation of S6 (P=0.02). Higher baseline levels of pmTOR (phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin) (P=0.01) predicted for a better response. Increases in pAKT (P=0.041) and decreases in pmTOR (P=0.048) after treatment were associated with an increased TTP. Temsirolimus appears to have little activity and does not warrant further single-agent evaluation in advanced NEC. Pharmacodynamic analysis revealed effective mTOR pathway downregulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital Phase II Consortium, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M9.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Duran
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kortmansky
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirte
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kocha
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Goss
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oza
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nicklee
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Birle
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Pond
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arboine
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dancey
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aviel-Ronen
authors.forename: M-S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Tsao
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hedley
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Siu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018278:Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005076:Exanthema / Q000139:chemically induced; D005221:Fatigue / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D038601:Ribosomal Protein S6 / Q000378:metabolism; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016019:Survival Analysis; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D038601:Ribosomal Protein S6; C401859:temsirolimus; D011494:Protein Kinases; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D020123:Sirolimus