title: Identification of resident and inflammatory bone marrow derived cells in the sclera by bone marrow and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterise bone marrow derived cells in the sclera under normal and inflammatory conditions, we examined their differentiation after transplantation from two different sources, bone marrow and haematopoietic stem cells (HSC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Bone marrow and HSC from green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice were transplanted into irradiated wild-type mice. At 1 month after transplantation, mice were sacrificed and their sclera examined by histology, immunohistochemistry (CD11b, CD11c, CD45), and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. To investigate bone marrow derived cell recruitment under inflammatory conditions, experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) was induced in transplanted mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GFP positive cells were distributed in the entire sclera and comprised 22.4 (2.8)% (bone marrow) and 28.4 (10.9)% (HSC) of the total cells in the limbal zone and 18.1 (6.7)% (bone marrow) and 26.3 (3.4)% (HSC) in the peripapillary zone. Immunohistochemistry showed that GFP (+) CD11c (+), GFP (+) CD11b (+) cells migrated in the sclera after bone marrow and HSC transplantation. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed antigen presenting cells among the scleral fibroblasts. In EAU mice, vast infiltration of GFP (+) cells developed into the sclera.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have provided direct and novel evidence for the migration of bone marrow and HSC cells into the sclera differentiating into macrophages and dendritic cells. Vast infiltration of bone marrow and HSC cells was found to be part of the inflammatory process in EAU.
authors.affiliation: Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hisatomi
authors.forename: Koh-hei
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Sonoda
authors.forename: Fumihiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukata
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Kousuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyahara
authors.forename: Mine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hafezi-Moghadam
authors.forename: Tatsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
authors.forename: Joan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000473:pathology; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000473:pathology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002465:Cell Movement; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000473:pathology; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D008264:Macrophages / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D012590:Sclera / Q000276:immunology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D014605:Uveitis / Q000473:pathology