title: Clinical approach to the prostate: an update.
abstract: Prostatic disease continues to present clinicians with challenges. Although giant strides have been made in the medical and surgical management of benign prostatic hyperplasia, many fundamental questions about its pathogenesis, progression, and treatment efficacy remain unanswered. Prostate cancer also continues to be an area in which progress is needed despite major recent advancements. Numerous debates that include the value of prostate-specific antigen screening and appropriate roles for each of the numerous therapeutic modalities await resolution. For millions of patients who suffer from prostatitis, a major breakthrough is yet to come. Current treatment regimens for prostatitis remain ineffective at best. Contemporary approaches to the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, and prostatitis are discussed in this review.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, 9 Penn Tower, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. ak@post.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kutikov
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Guzzo
authors.forename: S Bruce
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Malkowicz
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D011469:Prostatic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D011472:Prostatitis / Q000145:classification / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen