title: Pre-endoscopic proton pump inhibitor therapy reduces recurrent adverse gastrointestinal outcomes in patients with acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) following endoscopic haemostasis reduce rebleeding rates in patients with high-risk acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Many advocate the use of PPIs prior to endoscopy, although its incremental benefit is unproven.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if providing PPIs before endoscopy reduces adverse gastrointestinal outcomes in acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective review to identify patients presenting to two tertiary care centres with acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding between 1999 and 2004. Subjects receiving PPI therapy before endoscopy were compared with those not receiving pre-endoscopic PPI therapy. The primary outcome measure was the development of any adverse bleeding outcome (rebleeding, surgery for control of bleeding, in-hospital mortality, readmission within 30 days for acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding).
  
  
  RESULTS
  385 patients were included in our study [132 (12 intravenous/120 po) pre-endoscopic PPI vs. 253 no pre-endoscopic PPI]. Patients receiving pre-endoscopic PPI therapy were significantly less likely to develop adverse outcomes compared with those not given pre-endoscopic PPIs (25% vs. 13%, P = 0.005). Rebleeding, upper gastrointestinal surgery, mortality and length of hospital stay were also significantly lower in patients receiving pre-endoscopic PPI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of PPIs before endoscopy significantly reduces the risk of developing adverse gastrointestinal outcomes in patients with acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Future studies are required to better characterize this relationship.
authors.affiliation: Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, 804E-715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Keyvani
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murthy
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leeson
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Targownik
mesh_terms: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000208:Acute Disease; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000077402:Pantoprazole; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D000077402:Pantoprazole; D009853:Omeprazole