title: Persistent elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase levels leads to poor survival and hepatocellular carcinoma development in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the prognosis of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis is generally good with immunosuppressive treatment, the disease progresses in some patients despite the treatment. The prognosis may be determined by the clinical course.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the long-term prognosis and assess the predictive factors for a serious event, including the development of hepatocellular carcinoma or death.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-nine patients with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis were prospectively followed up regularly, with a median follow-up period of 96 months (49-201 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the follow-up period, three patients (4%) developed hepatocellular carcinoma, and two of these three patients died. Another patient died of liver failure. The 10-year survival rate was 98%, and the 10-year hepatocellular carcinoma-free rate was 93%. The four patients experiencing a serious event received higher maintenance doses of corticosteroid during their follow-up periods than those did not. However, serum alanine aminotransferase levels during the follow-up period were higher in these four patients than in the others.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Persistent elevation of serum alanine amniotransferase levels during the follow-up period, rather than factors existing prior to medical treatment is considered to be an important prognostic factor, and it is indicated that poor outcomes may result from the resistance to immunosuppressive treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. miyakeyasuhiro@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Terada
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Okamaoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Makino
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takaguchi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shiratori
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D002756:Cholagogues and Choleretics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D019693:Hepatitis, Autoimmune / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D002756:Cholagogues and Choleretics; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid; D011239:Prednisolone; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D001379:Azathioprine