title: Streptococcus pneumoniae thoracic empyema in children: rapid diagnosis by using the Binax NOW immunochromatographic membrane test in pleural fluids.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate an immunochromatographic membrane test for Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen (Binax NOW, Inverness medical France) applied to pleural fluid samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  Binax NOW was applied to the pleural fluids of 69 children with thoracic empyema, in comparison with conventional culture and molecular techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Binax NOW was positive on all 15 pleural fluid samples that yielded S. pneumoniae in culture, on two samples that yielded S. oralis and S. salivarius in culture and on 34 culture-negative samples. Fifteen of these 34 culture-negative samples were retrospectively tested by PCR methods, and 14 were shown to contain S. pneumoniae DNA. Thus, S. pneumoniae was identified by culture in 22% of samples and by Binax NOW in 69% of samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Binax NOW may thus be useful for rapid diagnosis of S. pneumoniae thoracic empyema.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de bactériologie, hôpital Debrousse, hospices civils de Lyon, 69322 Lyon cedex 05, France. christine.ploton@chu-lyon.fr
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ploton
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Freydiere
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Benito
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bendridi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mazzocchi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bellon
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vandenesch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002845:Chromatography / Q000379:methods; D016724:Empyema, Pleural / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000382:microbiology*; D011018:Pneumonia, Pneumococcal / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000302:isolation & purification