title: Incorporating genetic analyses into birth defects cluster investigations: strategies for identifying candidate genes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Incorporating genetic analyses into birth defect cluster investigations may increase understanding of both genetic and environmental risk factors for the defect. Current constraints of most birth defect cluster investigations make candidate gene selection the most feasible approach. Here, we describe strategies for choosing candidate genes for such investigations, which will also be applicable to more general gene-environment studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed publicly available web-based resources for selection of candidate genes and identification of risk factors, as well as publications on different strategies for candidate gene selection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Candidate gene selection requires consideration of available gene-disease databases, previous epidemiological studies, animal model research, linkage and expression studies, and other resources. We describe general considerations for utilizing available resources, as well as provide an example of a search for candidate genes related to gastroschisis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Available web resources could facilitate selection of candidate genes, but selection of optimal candidates will still require a strong understanding of genetics and the pathogenesis of the defect, as well as careful consideration of previous epidemiological studies.
authors.affiliation: National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. grf1@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Ridgely Fisk
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020139:Gastroschisis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D030342:Genetic Diseases, Inborn / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D005819:Genetic Markers; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D011634:Public Health; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers