title: Deficient membrane integration of the novel p.N14D-GJB2 mutant associated with non-syndromic hearing impairment.
abstract: Mutations in GJB2, the gene encoding for the Gap Junction protein Connexin 26 (Cx26), have been established as the major cause of hereditary, non-syndromic hearing impairment (HI). We report here the identification of a novel point mutation in GJB2, c.40A>G [p.N14D], detected in compound heterozygosity with the c.35delG mutation in two brothers with moderate non-syndromic sensorineural HI. The mother who carried one wildtype and a p.N14D allele displayed normal hearing. The mutation leads to substitution of the neutral amino acid asparagine (N) by the negatively charged aspartic acid (D) at amino acid number 14, a position that is conserved among Cx26 of different organisms and among many other connexin isoforms. To investigate the impact of this mutation on protein function, Cx26 activity was measured by depolarization activated hemichannel conductance in non-coupled Xenopus laevis oocytes. Oocytes injected with the p.N14D mutant cRNA showed strongly reduced currents compared to wildtype. Coinjection of wildtype and mutant cRNA at equimolar levels restored the conductive properties supporting the recessive character of this mutation. Total Cx26 protein expression and cell surface abundance examined by western blotting and by quantitative immunoassays revealed that the hemichannel was properly synthesized but not integrated into the plasma membrane. In this study we have shown that the GJB2 mutation p.N14D is associated with recessively inherited HI and exhibits a defective phenotype due to diminished expression at the cell surface.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Germany. birgit.haack@med.uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Haack
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schmalisch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palmada
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Böhmer
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kohlschmidt
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Keilmann
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Zechner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Limberger
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beckert
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Zenner
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kupka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000235:genetics; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D000072259:Connexin 26; D017630:Connexins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D017629:Gap Junctions / Q000502:physiology; D015870:Gene Expression; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D009865:Oocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D010375:Pedigree; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000502:physiology*; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D017630:Connexins; C000607045:GJB2 protein, Xenopus; C000607042:GJB2 protein, human; D000072259:Connexin 26