title: Sarcoma derived from cultured mesenchymal stem cells.
abstract: To study the biodistribution of MSCs, we labeled adult murine C57BL/6 MSCs with firefly luciferase and DsRed2 fluorescent protein using nonviral Sleeping Beauty transposons and coinfused labeled MSCs with bone marrow into irradiated allogeneic recipients. Using in vivo whole-body imaging, luciferase signals were shown to be increased between weeks 3 and 12. Unexpectedly, some mice with the highest luciferase signals died and all surviving mice developed foci of sarcoma in their lungs. Two mice also developed sarcomas in their extremities. Common cytogenetic abnormalities were identified in tumor cells isolated from different animals. Original MSC cultures not labeled with transposons, as well as independently isolated cultured MSCs, were found to be cytogenetically abnormal. Moreover, primary MSCs derived from the bone marrow of both BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice showed cytogenetic aberrations after several passages in vitro, showing that transformation was not a strain-specific nor rare event. Clonal evolution was observed in vivo, suggesting that the critical transformation event(s) occurred before infusion. Mapping of the transposition insertion sites did not identify an obvious transposon-related genetic abnormality, and p53 was not overexpressed. Infusion of MSC-derived sarcoma cells resulted in malignant lesions in secondary recipients. This new sarcoma cell line, S1, is unique in having a cytogenetic profile similar to human sarcoma and contains bioluminescent and fluorescent genes, making it useful for investigations of cellular biodistribution and tumor response to therapy in vivo. More importantly, our study indicates that sarcoma can evolve from MSC cultures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. tolar003@umn.edu
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tolar
authors.forename: Alma J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Nauta
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Osborn
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Panoskaltsis Mortari
authors.forename: Ron T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: McElmurry
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Lily
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riddle
authors.forename: Tania M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.forename: Jennifer J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Westendorf
authors.forename: R Scott
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: McIvor
authors.forename: Pancras C W
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Hogendoorn
authors.forename: Karoly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Szuhai
authors.forename: Leann
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Oseth
authors.forename: Betsy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Yant
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kay
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peister
authors.forename: Darwin J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Prockop
authors.forename: Willem E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Fibbe
authors.forename: Bruce R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Blazar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002999:Clone Cells; D005121:Extremities / Q000473:pathology; D007621:Karyotyping; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D051598:Whole Body Imaging
chemical_list: D008164:Luminescent Proteins; C413663:fluorescent protein 583; D008156:Luciferases