title: Aryloxoalcanoic compounds induce resistance to antibiotic therapy in urinary tract infection caused by Escherichia coli.
abstract: Clofibric acid (CL) is a compound used to control hypertriglyceridemia, and ethacrynic acid (ET) is administered to enhance diuresis. These compounds are structurally analogous to the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), as they have a chlorinated phenoxy moiety. As these agents are mainly excreted by the renal route, they could potentially coexist with Escherichia coli in the urinary tract of infected patients. Induction of the in vitro resistance of E. coli to hydrophilic antibiotics was determined by increasing the values of the minimum inhibitory concentration (2-40-fold). These results correlated with drastically inhibited expression of the hydrophilic bacterial channel OmpF. In vivo assays were performed in ascending urinary tract infection in female BALB/c mice. Treatment with the hydrophilic antibiotic cephalexin 25 mg kg(-1) day(-1) by the oral route diminished renal infection. The CFU mean values in the kidneys were between 75% and 89% lower than those in animals without treatment. Simultaneous exposure to CL (at a therapeutic dose, 28.6 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) did not change the effect of the treatment. In contrast, ET at 2.9 mg kg(-1) day(-1) or 2,4-D at 70 mg kg(-1) day(-1) inhibited the antibiotic therapeutic effect. Moreover, 2,4-D dramatically increased bacterial infection after 9 days of exposure.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Toxicología Experimental, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha, Rosario, Argentina. cbalague@fbioyf.unr.edu.ar
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Balagué
authors.forename: Nelson
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stürtz
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rey
authors.forename: Clara Silva
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: De Ruiz
authors.forename: María Elena
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Nader-Macías
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Duffard
authors.forename: Ana María Evangelista
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: De Duffard
mesh_terms: D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D002995:Clofibric Acid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004232:Diuretics / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D004976:Ethacrynic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D004232:Diuretics; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; D002995:Clofibric Acid; D004976:Ethacrynic Acid