title: Bone scintigraphy predicts outcome of steroid injection for plantar fasciitis.
abstract: Plantar fasciitis is a common cause of foot pain and may be disabling. Although localized injection is painful, anesthetics or corticosteroids can relieve symptoms well. Bone scintigraphy can confirm the diagnosis. We hypothesized that blood-pool abnormalities could provide prognostic information on the response to such injections.
  
  
  METHODS
  We devised scintigraphic criteria that graded the blood-pool abnormalities as being localized to the plantar enthesis, being localized to half the length of the aponeurosis, or involving the whole aponeurosis. We evaluated 24 patients with an established diagnosis of plantar fasciitis, 8 of whom had bilateral disease, leading to a total of 32 feet injected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After injection, pain was relieved either completely or nearly completely in 20 feet. The other 12 feet had short-term or no improvement, with persistent pain and loss of function at 4-5 wk after injection. Of the 20 feet responding to injection, 14 had focal hyperemia on blood-pool images and 6 had minimal extension into the proximal third of the plantar soft tissues. No patient with diffuse hyperemia in the plantar fascia had a response (5/12 feet). On the delayed images of the 20 responders, mild inferior calcaneal uptake was seen in 8 feet, moderate uptake in 6, and severe uptake in 6. These groups did not significantly differ (P > 0.05). The blood-pool studies had good reproducibility, with a kappa-value of 0.64.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Critical evaluation of plantar blood-pool images provides prognostic information on the response to localized injection into the enthesis. Reporting such studies is simple and reproducible.
authors.affiliation: University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Clayton
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Frater
authors.forename: Dzung
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vu
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Van der Wall
authors.forename: Chandima
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Perera
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Halasz
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Emmett
authors.forename: Ignac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fogelman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002102:Cadaver; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D036981:Fasciitis, Plantar / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013669:Technetium Tc 99m Medronate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D008775:Methylprednisolone; D013669:Technetium Tc 99m Medronate; D002045:Bupivacaine