title: Comparison of Doppler sonography to magnetic resonance imaging and clinical examination for disc displacement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare electronic devices advocated as an aid in the diagnosis of disc displacement (DD) of the temporomandibular joint.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-five joints (48 subjects, 36 females and 12 males, mean age = 33.3 years, SD +/- 11.9) were evaluated in this study using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), clinical examination, and Doppler sonography. All subjects had bilateral MRI scans in the sagittal closed and opened and coronal closed positions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When the clinical and the Doppler diagnoses for all subjects were compared with the MRI diagnosis, there was a sensitivity of 73% and 90% and a specificity of 70% and 49%, respectively. When the clinical and the Doppler diagnoses for asymptomatic volunteers were compared with the MRI, there was a sensitivity of 0% and 100% and a specificity of 100% and 56%, respectively. For the symptomatic patients, there was a sensitivity of 80% and 89% and a specificity of 48% and 45%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relatively low number of false-negative examinations suggests that Doppler is useful for ruling out DD and may be especially useful in symptomatic patients. Unfortunately, the specificity was low, producing many false-positive examinations.
authors.affiliation: Eastman Dental Center, Rochester, NY 14620, USA.
authors.forename: Punkage
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Puri
authors.forename: Panagiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kambylafkas
authors.forename: Stephanos
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kyrkanides
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Katzberg
authors.forename: Ross Henry
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Tallents
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010808:Physical Examination; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013016:Sound; D019224:Temporomandibular Joint Disc / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler