title: Palliative transurethral resection of the prostate: functional outcome and impact on survival.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the long-term functional and oncological outcome in a consecutive series of patients undergoing palliative transurethral resection of the prostate (pTURP).
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively assessed all patients who had a pTURP between 1992 and 2004 at our institution. Patients with incidental prostate cancer (pT1a/pT1b) were excluded. In all, 89 patients (mean age 75.9 years, sd 0.9, at diagnosis) entered the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median (range) prostate-specific antigen level at diagnosis was 25.7 (0.7-5000) ng/mL and the mean Gleason score was 7. The mean (sd, range) interval between the diagnosis of prostate cancer and pTURP was 1.5 (0.3, 0.5-10.9) years. The indications for pTURP were refractory urinary retention in 30%, severe bladder outlet obstruction with a postvoid residual urine volume of > 100 mL in 43%, and bladder stones, haematuria and hydronephrosis in 9% each. The mean (sd, range) follow-up after pTURP was 2.6 (0.2, 0.1-7.3) years. The peri-operative mortality (<30 days) was 2%, and 22 patients (25%) died during the follow-up. As estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis, the 1-, 2- and 5-year survival rates were 83%, 70% and 61%, respectively. Patients with prostate cancer in the pTURP specimen had a shorter 3-year survival (52%) than those with a negative histology (89%, P = 0.03). At the last follow-up, 79% of men voided spontaneously and were continent. A repeat pTURP was necessary in 25% of patients, 11% required permanent catheterization and 10% were incontinent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite greater peri-operative mortality and morbidity than conventional TURP, pTURP is a fairly safe and effective procedure. Although a potential negative impact of pTURP on survival cannot be excluded, the estimated 5-year survival of 61% in this series seems to justify this intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Andrology, Donauspital, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marszalek
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ponholzer
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rauchenwald
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Madersbacher
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D020728:Transurethral Resection of Prostate / Q000401:mortality; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen