title: An epidemiologic study of sleep-disordered breathing symptoms among adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the prevalence and distribution of the symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in a community-based sample of adolescents, and to assess association of SDB with body mass index, daytime sleepiness, school performance, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Epidemiologic study of a community-based sample of adolescents and 1 parent with whom separate structured face to face diagnostic interviews were conducted.
  
  
  METHODS
  Metropolitan Detroit, Michigan, USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  One thousand fourteen adolescents aged 13 to 16 years and a paired parent.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SDB was defined as report of loud snoring, gasping/choking or snorting, awakening with gasping or choking, or momentary periods of stopped or abnormal breathing occurring weekly. More than 20% of the adolescents snored at least a few nights per month, 6% snoring every or nearly every night. Apnea-like symptoms affected from 2.5% to 6.1% of adolescents. The prevalence of weekly SDB was 6.0% according to both adolescent and parental report and was twice as likely among African Americans as Caucasians. The association of body mass index with SDB was twice as great among Caucasian adolescents as African American adolescents. SDB was independently associated with excessive daytime sleepiness, poorer grade point averages, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-inattention type; each being more than twice as likely to occur among those with SDB than those without SDB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Symptoms of SDB appear to be common among adolescents and independently associated with short- and longer-term adverse outcomes. These associations appear to be complex in the population and will require longitudinal epidemiologic studies to clarify the nature of their relationships and the opportunities for intervention.
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Health Research Division, Research Triangle Institute International, PO Box 12194, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA. ejohnson@rti.org
authors.forename: Eric O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roth
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000453:epidemiology*