title: Internal migration and contraceptive knowledge and use in Guatemala.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Levels of modern contraceptive knowledge and use among people living in rural areas of Guatemala differ substantially from those of people living in urban areas. Understanding the pace and extent of rural-to-urban migrants' adoption of urban contraceptive practices is important in determining if there is a strong need for migrant-focused reproductive health programs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bivariate and multivariate analyses of data on 971 married male and female respondents in the 1999 Guatemalan Migration and Reproductive Health Survey were used to examine how migration status and duration of residence in an urban area are associated with knowledge of modern contraceptive methods and current contraceptive use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Migrants' contraceptive knowledge was positively associated with the number of years they had lived in an urban area. Mayan migrants in Guatemala City did not accumulate contraceptive knowledge at the same rate as non-Mayan migrants, perhaps due to cultural and linguistic barriers to obtaining knowledge of and access to contraceptives. Rural-to-urban migrants eventually achieve a level of modern contraceptive use slightly below that of urban nonmigrants, with the level of contraceptive knowledge being an important factor associated with use of modern methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Migrants possess limited knowledge of modern contraceptive methods and, therefore, may experience unmet need for contraception or may have a limited choice of modern contraceptive methods during their first years in an urban destination. Programs designed to raise contraceptive awareness and use should target recent migrants--particularly indigenous Mayans--in urban areas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology and Population Studies and Training Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. David_Lindstrom@brown.edu
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Lindstrom
authors.forename: Coralia Herrera
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hernández
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003267:Contraception / Q000379:methods*; D003268:Contraception Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018864:Cultural Diversity; D003625:Data Collection; D003710:Demography; D005193:Family Planning Services; D005260:Female; D006166:Guatemala; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007197:Indians, Central American / Q000193:education / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*