title: Indirect effects of childhood pneumococcal vaccination on pneumococcal carriage among adults and older children in Australian Aboriginal communities.
abstract: Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in unimmunised adults and older children in three remote Australian Aboriginal communities was compared in 2002 and 2004. Universal childhood pneumococcal vaccination with a catch-up program was introduced in late 2001. Carriage prevalence across all age groups of pneumococcal serotypes included in the 7-valent vaccine was 10% in both 2002 and 2004 (12 and 30 months after introduction of vaccination). This carriage prevalence was lower than anticipated. It is likely that indirect effects of childhood vaccination occurred before the 2002 survey. To further assess indirect effects on carriage of childhood pneumococcal vaccination, data prior to 2002 are required. Between 12 and 30 months following introduction of conjugate pneumococcal vaccination, indirect effects on carriage were unchanged.
authors.affiliation: Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia.
authors.forename: Grant
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mackenzie
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carapetis
authors.forename: Amanda J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Leach
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hare
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Morris
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia; D002353:Carrier State / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D000069443:Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine; D006801:Humans; D032521:Immunity, Herd; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012703:Serotyping; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: C414006:23-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine; D000069443:Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine; D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines