title: Bias in estimation of transporter kinetic parameters from overexpression systems: Interplay of transporter expression level and substrate affinity.
abstract: The objective was to investigate the interplay between transporter expression levels and substrate affinity in controlling the influence of aqueous boundary layer (ABL) resistance on transporter kinetics in an over-expression system. Taurocholate flux was measured across human apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (hASBT)-Madin-Darby canine kidney monolayers on different occasions and kinetic parameters estimated with and without considering ABL. In error-free simulation/regression studies, flux values were generated across a range of J max, Kt, and substrate concentrations. Similar evaluation was performed for transport inhibition studies. Additionally, simulation/regression studies were performed, incorporating 15% random error to estimate the probability of successfully estimating Kt. Across different occasions, experimental J max and Kt estimates for taurocholate were strongly associated (p < 0.001; r2 = 0.82) when ABL was not considered. Simulation/regression results indicate that not considering ABL caused this association, such that Kt estimates were highly positively biased at high hASBT expression. In reanalyzing taurocholate flux data using the ABL-present model, Kt was relatively constant across occasions (approximately 5 microM) and not associated with J max (p = 0.24; r2 = 0.13). Simulations suggest that J max and Kt collectively determined ABL influence, which is most prominent under conditions of low monolayer resistance. Additionally, not considering ABL lead to negatively biased Ki estimates, especially at high J max. Error-inclusive simulation/regression studies indicated that the probability of successfully estimating Kt depended on the contribution of ABL resistance to flux; when flux became increasingly ABL-limited, probability of success decreased. Results indicate that ABL resistance can bias Kt and Ki estimates from overexpression systems, where the extent of bias is determined by transporter expression level and substrate affinity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, 20 Penn St., HSF2 Rm 623, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Balakrishnan
authors.forename: Naissan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hussainzada
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Marival
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bermejo
authors.forename: Peter W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Swaan
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Polli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015982:Bias; D001692:Biological Transport; D002460:Cell Line; D004285:Dogs; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D029363:Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent / Q000502:physiology*; D021281:Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; D027981:Symporters / Q000502:physiology*; D013656:Taurocholic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029363:Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent; D027981:Symporters; C071908:sodium-bile acid cotransporter; D013656:Taurocholic Acid