title: Medical informatics in medical research - the Severe Malaria in African Children (SMAC) Network's experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Computers are widely used for data management in clinical trials in the developed countries, unlike in developing countries. Dependable systems are vital for data management, and medical decision making in clinical research. Monitoring and evaluation of data management is critical. In this paper we describe database structures and procedures of systems used to implement, coordinate, and sustain data management in Africa. We outline major lessons, challenges and successes achieved, and recommendations to improve medical informatics application in biomedical research in sub-Saharan Africa.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consortium of experienced research units at five sites in Africa in studying children with disease formed a new clinical trials network, Severe Malaria in African Children. In December 2000, the network introduced an observational study involving these hospital-based sites. After prototyping, relational database management systems were implemented for data entry and verification, data submission and quality assurance monitoring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 2000 and 2005, 25,858 patients were enrolled. Failure to meet data submission deadline and data entry errors correlated positively (correlation coefficient, r = 0.82), with more errors occurring when data was submitted late. Data submission lateness correlated inversely with hospital admissions (r = -0.62).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Developing and sustaining dependable DBMS, ongoing modifications to optimize data management is crucial for clinical studies. Monitoring and communication systems are vital in multi-center networks for good data management. Data timeliness is associated with data quality and hospital admissions.
authors.affiliation: Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research - Coast. c_olola@yahoo.com
authors.forename: C H O
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Olola
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Missinou
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Issifou
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Anane-Sarpong
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Abubakar
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Gandi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chagomerana
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pinder
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Agbenyega
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Kremsner
authors.forename: C R J C
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wypij
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000349:Africa; D035843:Biomedical Research; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria; D008491:Medical Informatics Applications