title: Heparanase expression in malignant salivary gland tumors inversely correlates with long-term survival.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Upregulation of the endo-beta-D-glucuronidase, heparanase, was noted in an increasing number of human malignancies. Heparanase expression correlated with enhanced local and distant metastatic spread, increased vascular density, and reduced postoperative survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed heparanase expression in 60 patients (aged 59 +/- 17 years) with malignant salivary tumors (39 males and 21 females) using immunohistochemistry. We applied antiheparanase antibody 733, which has previously been shown to preferentially recognize a 50-kDa active heparanase subunit over a 65-kDa latent enzyme. Thus, immunostaining can directly be correlated with enzymatic activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Heparanase staining was positive (> 0) in 70% of tumors (42 of 60 patients) and was negative (0) in the remaining 30% (18 patients). The cumulative survival of patients diagnosed as heparanase-negative (n = 18) at 300 months was 70% (95% confidence interval = 35-88). In contrast, the cumulative survival of patients diagnosed as heparanase-positive (n = 42) at 300 months was 0% (statistically significant difference, P = .035).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heparanase expression levels inversely correlate with the survival rates of salivary gland cancer patients, clearly indicating that heparanase is a reliable prognostic factor for this malignancy and an attractive target for anticancer drug development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Rambam Medical Center, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Ofer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ben-Izhak
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kaplan-Cohen
authors.forename: Neta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ilan
authors.forename: Shlomit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: Israel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vlodavsky
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagler
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012468:Salivary Gland Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015854:Up-Regulation; D000099175:Heparanase
chemical_list: D005966:Glucuronidase; D000099175:Heparanase