title: Focal and craniospinal irradiation for patients with intracranial germinoma and patterns of failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The authors compared the patterns of failure in patients with intracranial germinoma who were managed with either chemotherapy and focal irradiation or with craniospinal irradiation (CSI).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was conducted on 21 patients with intracranial germinoma and treated with radiotherapy (RT) to the central nervous system at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center from 1981 to 2002. The study group was comprised of 13 males and 8 females with a median age at diagnosis of 19 years. Nine patients received chemotherapy prior to focal RT. Twelve patients received CSI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The actuarial 10-year survival rate for all patients was 86%. The overall survival rate at 10 years was 89% for patients who received focal RT and 83% for patients who received CSI (P = .73). The 10-year local control rate in the brain for patients who received focal irradiation was 59% compared with 100% for patients who received CSI (P = .08). The rate of distant control in the spine at 5 years was 62% for patients who received focal irradiation and 100% for patients who received CSI (P = .04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although focal techniques of irradiation with chemotherapy are attractive methods that limited the volume irradiated, the strategy appeared to be associated with increased rates of failures in the brain and spine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Quynh-Nhu
authors.initials: QN
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Eric L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Pamela K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Moshe H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Maor
authors.forename: Joann L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ater
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahajan
authors.forename: Johannes E A
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.forename: Jeffrey S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Weinberg
authors.forename: Shiao Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Woo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002648:Child; D016371:Cranial Irradiation; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D018237:Germinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011882:Radiotherapy, High-Energy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000473:pathology*; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary; D015996:Survival Rate; D017211:Treatment Failure