title: Increasing the amount of n-3 fatty acid in meat from young Holstein bulls through nutrition.
abstract: Fifty-four Holstein bulls were blocked by initial BW (301 +/- 7.4 kg) and randomly assigned to 6 treatments following a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement, with 3 concentrate lipid levels (5, 8, and 11% of DM) and 2 lipid sources (whole canola seed and whole linseed), with the objective of evaluating the possibility of increasing the content of n-3 fatty acids in meat. Concentrates (mostly corn meal) were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Concentrate and straw were both fed ad libitum. Animal BW was recorded every 2 wk, and feed consumption was recorded weekly. Ruminal pH and VFA concentrations were determined monthly. Bulls were transported to the slaughterhouse when they achieved the target slaughter weight of 443 kg (after 105 +/- 4 d of fattening). After slaughter, a sample of LM from the sixth to the eighth ribs was dissected and analyzed for intramuscular fat content and fatty acid profile. Dietary lipid source did not affect overall animal performance, rumen fermentation, or carcass quality. Rumen pH was >6.0 despite consumption by the bulls of large amounts of concentrate. In bulls fed linseed, the percentage of n-3 fatty acids in LM increased linearly with lipid level, whereas in bulls fed canola seed it remained constant. The ratio of n-6:n-3 fatty acids was lower (P < 0.01) in the LM of bulls fed linseed (10.0) than in those fed canola seed (26.0). The content of cis-9, trans-11-CLA in the LM tended (P = 0.06) to be greater in the bulls fed linseed than in those fed canola seed (62.9 vs. 49.2 mg/kg of LM, respectively). Concentration of n-3 fatty acids in meat of bulls fed high-concentrate diets can be enhanced by whole linseed supplementation without affecting animal performance, ruminal fermentation, or carcass quality.
authors.affiliation: Animal Nutrition, Management, and Welfare Group, Unitat de Remugants-IRTA, Barcelona, 08193, Spain.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mach
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Devant
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Díaz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Font-Furnols
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bach
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition; D002417:Cattle; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000737:chemistry*; D005285:Fermentation; D019597:Flax; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012417:Rumen / Q000382:microbiology; D012639:Seeds
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3