title: Generating monodisperse pharmacological aerosols using the spinning-top aerosol generator.
abstract: Pharmacological aerosols of precisely controlled particle size and narrow dispersity can be generated using the spinning-top aerosol generator (STAG). The ability of the STAG to generate monodisperse aerosols from solutions of raw drug compounds makes it a valuable research instrument. In this paper, the versatility of this instrument has been further demonstrated by aerosolizing a range of commercially available nebulized pulmonary therapy preparations. Nebules of Flixotide (fluticasone propionate), Pulmicort (budesonide), Combivent (salbutamol sulphate and ipratropium bromide), Bricanyl (terbutaline sulphate), Atrovent(ipratropium bromide), and Salamol (salbutamol sulphate) were each mixed with ethanol and delivered to the STAG. Monodisperse drug aerosol distributions were generated with MMADs of 0.95-6.7 microm. To achieve larger particle sizes from the nebulizer drug suspensions, the STAG formed compound particle agglomerates derived from the smaller insoluble drug particles. These compound agglomerates behaved aerodynamically as a single particle, and this was verified using an aerodynamic particle sizer and an Andersen Cascade Impactor. Scanning electron microscope images demonstrated their physical structure. On the other hand using the nebulizer drug solutions, spherical particles proportional to the original droplet diameter were generated. The aerosols generated by the STAG can allow investigators to study the scientific principles of inhaled drug deposition and lung physiology for a range of therapeutic agents.
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom. m.biddiscombe@imperial.ac.uk
authors.forename: Martyn F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Biddiscombe
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: Omar S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Usmani
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000335:Aerosol Propellants; D000336:Aerosols; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects; D036501:Metered Dose Inhalers; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D010316:Particle Size; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical
chemical_list: D000335:Aerosol Propellants; D000336:Aerosols; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations