title: Integrated effects of air pollution and climate change on forests: a northern hemisphere perspective.
abstract: Many air pollutants and greenhouse gases have common sources, contribute to radiative balance, interact in the atmosphere, and affect ecosystems. The impacts on forest ecosystems have been traditionally treated separately for air pollution and climate change. However, the combined effects may significantly differ from a sum of separate effects. We review the links between air pollution and climate change and their interactive effects on northern hemisphere forests. A simultaneous addressing of the air pollution and climate change effects on forests may result in more effective research, management and monitoring as well as better integration of local, national and global environmental policies.
authors.affiliation: USDA Forest Service, Riverside, CA 92507, USA.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bytnerowicz
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Omasa
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Paoletti
mesh_terms: D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D044822:Biodiversity; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism; D002980:Climate; D017753:Ecosystem; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005068:Eutrophication / Q000187:drug effects; D010083:Oxidants, Photochemical / Q000633:toxicity; D010126:Ozone / Q000633:toxicity; D012621:Seasons; D012987:Soil; D014197:Trees / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D014887:Weather
chemical_list: D010083:Oxidants, Photochemical; D012987:Soil; D010126:Ozone; D002244:Carbon