title: Computer-assisted surgery for screw insertion into the distal sesamoid bone in horses: an in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the precision of computer-assisted surgery with a conventional technique (CV) using a special guiding device for screw insertion into the distal sesamoid bone in horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cadaveric forelimb specimens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Insertion of a 3.5 mm cortex screw in lag fashion along the longitudinal axis of intact (non-fractured) distal sesamoid bones was evaluated in 2 groups (8 limbs each): CV and computer-assisted surgery (CAS). For CV, the screw was inserted using a special guiding device and fluoroscopy, whereas for CAS, the screw was inserted using computer-assisted navigation. The accuracy of screw placement was verified by radiography, computed tomography, and specimen dissection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Surgical precision was better in CAS compared with CV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CAS improves the accuracy of lateromedial screw insertion, in lag fashion, into the distal sesamoid bone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CAS technique should be considered for improved accuracy of screw insertion in fractures of the distal sesamoid bone.
authors.affiliation: Equine Hospital, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland. dgygax@vetclinics.unizh.ch
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gygax
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lischer
authors.forename: Joerg A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Auer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001863:Bone Screws / Q000662:veterinary; D002102:Cadaver; D005552:Forelimb / Q000601:surgery; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D006736:Horses / Q000601:surgery*; D012716:Sesamoid Bones / Q000601:surgery*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted; D016896:Treatment Outcome