title: Diffuse high-grade gliomas as second malignant neoplasms after radio-chemotherapy for pediatric malignancies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diffuse high-grade gliomas are known to develop in children after cranial irradiation for other malignancies. Here, clinicopathological characteristics are outlined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine children received cranial irradiation and chemotherapy for medulloblastoma (n=2) or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n=7). They developed a high-grade glioma 7-14 years thereafter. Clinical charts, radiologic findings, and pathologic specimens were reviewed. Archival material was stained immunohistochemically.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gliomas evolving as second malignant neoplasms show peculiarities and differ in some aspects from their "spontaneous" counterparts. Most are supratentorial, contrast-enhancing, space-occupying lesions. They are composed mainly of small undifferentiated cells, which are mainly negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein and positive for microtubule associated proteins 2 (MAP2). Epidermal growth factor receptor labeling could not be detected in any of them. Ki67-labeling was usually high, whereas p53- and h-ras p21-staining was variable. The median survival was only 12 months despite intensive treatment.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Neuropathologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany. bernd.romeike@uniklinikum-saarland.de
authors.forename: Bernd F M
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Romeike
authors.forename: Yoo-Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Wolf-Ingo
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: Steudel
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Graf
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000502:physiology; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000378:metabolism / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D010372:Pediatrics; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; C489788:MAP2 protein, human; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins