title: Role of transforming growth factor-beta in the progression of heart failure.
abstract: Transforming growth factor (TGF-beta) is a multifunctional peptide growth factor that has an important role in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and repair in a variety of tissues. In mammals, the cytokine has three isoforms, TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2, and TGF-beta3. TGF- beta1 is up-regulated by Ang II and induction of TGF-beta1 causes cardiac fibrosis. The stimulus that triggers the expression of TGF-beta1 may be repeated causing continual injury, which is associated with an increase in the activity of Ang II in heart tissue. The interplay between Ang II and TGF-beta1 causes continued activation that may result in chronic hypertension and progressive myocardial fibrosis, leading to heart failure. The regulation of TGF-beta1 secretion and action involves complex transcriptional events. Overproduction of TGF-beta1 underlies tissue fibrosis. Understanding the actions and signaling transduction of TGF-beta could lead to the development of therapeutic options that may be effective in inhibiting myocardial fibrosis triggered by TGF-beta1 in heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Singapore.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Y Z
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000378:metabolism*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D018450:Disease Progression; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling
chemical_list: D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D000804:Angiotensin II