title: Towards a longer and better working life: a challenge of work force ageing.
abstract: The aim of this overview is to describe the background of work force ageing and its consequences in the society, to introduce concepts for the solutions, to emphasize the actions needed, to point out the new challenges for occupational health, to review the targets of work life improvements, and to highlight the new innovations needed. Work life must be lengthened for the sake of society. Early retirement and low employment rates of 55-64-years old employees make the dependency ratios an increasingly heavy burden. New innovations and concepts like promotion of work ability and age management training have been effective tools for the increase of employment rates and decrease of age discrimination in Finland. The increase of the prevalence and incidence rates of work-related symptoms and diseases during ageing is a serious challenge for occupational health experts. The better adjustments of the working life with the individual health is a crucial element for a longer career. The European working life has not improved markedly for workers over 45 years between 1996 and 2000. Therefore, evidence based concepts should be widely and effectively implemented and new innovations created. A better co-operation between macro-, meso and micro levels is necessary, social partners should create mutual programmes in work places and a new deal is needed between the generations. Life course approach combines the needs and possibilities of different generations. Age management takes into consideration the different strengths of the diverse work force.
authors.affiliation: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland. juhani.ilmarinen@ttl.fi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ilmarinen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D001723:Birth Rate; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004651:Employment / Q000639:trends*; D005062:European Union; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D010559:Personnel Management; D011157:Population Dynamics; D015995:Prevalence; D012179:Retirement / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012922:Social Change; D017132:Workplace