title: Number of CD4+ cells and location of forkhead box protein P3-positive cells in diagnostic follicular lymphoma tissue microarrays correlates with outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the immune microenvironment in diagnostic follicular lymphoma (FL) biopsies and evaluate its prognostic significance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemistry was used to study numbers and location of cells staining positive for immune cell markers CD4, CD7, CD8, CD25, CD68, forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3), T-cell intracellular antigen-1, and Granzyme B in tissue microarrays of paraffin-embedded, diagnostic lymph node biopsies taken from 59 FL patients who lived less than 5 years (short-survival group; n = 34) and more than 15 years (long-survival group; n = 25).
  
  
  RESULTS
  CD4 and FOXP3 expression were significantly different between the two groups. Samples from the long-survival group were more likely than those from the short-survival group to have CD4+ staining cells and to have FOXP3-positive cells in a perifollicular location.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has identified differences in immune cell composition of the diagnostic FL lymph node immune microenvironment and these have the potential for use as prognostic biomarkers in a routine histopathology setting.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research UK, Medical Oncology Unit, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Abigail M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Clear
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Calaminici
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.forename: Finlay
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: MacDougall
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Norton
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Gribben
authors.forename: T Andrew
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Lister
authors.forename: Lindsey K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Goff
mesh_terms: D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008224:Lymphoma, Follicular / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors