title: Protein oxidation and cellular homeostasis: Emphasis on metabolism.
abstract: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated as the result of a number of physiological and pathological processes. Once formed ROS can promote multiple forms of oxidative damage, including protein oxidation, and thereby influence the function of a diverse array of cellular processes. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which ROS are generated in a variety of cell types, outlines the mechanisms which control the levels of ROS, and describes specific proteins which are common targets of ROS. Additionally, this review outlines cellular processes which can degrade or repair oxidized proteins, and ultimately describes the potential outcomes of protein oxidation on cellular homeostasis. In particular, this review focuses on the relationship between elevations in protein oxidation and multiple aspects of cellular metabolism. Together, this review describes a potential role for elevated levels of protein oxidation contributing to cellular dysfunction and oxidative stress via impacts on cellular metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Post Graduate School of Clinical Biochemistry, Departments of Molecular and Cellular and Animal Biology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cecarini
authors.forename: Jillian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gee
authors.forename: Evandro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fioretti
authors.forename: Manila
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amici
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Angeletti
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Eleuteri
authors.forename: Jeffrey N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Keller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D011506:Proteins