title: Chinese norms of McNamara's cephalometric analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish cephalometric norms of McNamara's analysis in young Chinese and compare them to those of a matched young Caucasian sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  The material comprised lateral cephalometric radiographs of a random sample of 200 male and 205 female 12-year-old southern Chinese children, and an additional sample of 43 male and 43 female 12-year-old British Caucasian children in Hong Kong. The radiographs were digitized twice with the CASSOS program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that there were statistically significant gender differences for six out of the 11 cephalometric variables in the Chinese, but for only one variable in the Caucasians. The size of the statistically significant gender differences varied from -0.3 to 0.4 on SD scores. There were statistically significant ethnic differences for eight variables in males and seven variables in females. The size of the observed statistically significant ethnic differences varied from -1.8 to 1.6 on SD scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of specific standards for Chinese, separate for gender, for McNamara's cephalometric analysis seems to be justified.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Urban
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hägg
authors.forename: A Bakr M
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Rabie
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D007568:Jaw / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D019291:Skull Base / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data