title: Cooperative gating between single HCN pacemaker channels.
abstract: HCN pacemaker channels (I(f), I(q), or I(h)) play a fundamental role in the physiology of many excitable cell types, including cardiac myocytes and central neurons. While cloned HCN channels have been studied extensively in macroscopic patch clamp experiments, their extremely small conductance has precluded single channel analysis to date. Nevertheless, there remain fundamental questions about HCN gating that can be resolved only at the single channel level. Here we present the first detailed single channel study of cloned mammalian HCN2. Excised patch clamp recordings revealed discrete hyperpolarization-activated, cAMP-sensitive channel openings with amplitudes of 150-230 fA in the activation voltage range. The average conductance of these openings was approximately 1.5 pS at -120 mV in symmetrical 160 mM K(+). Some traces with multiple channels showed unusual gating behavior, characterized by a variable long delay after a voltage step followed by runs of openings. Noise analysis on macroscopic currents revealed fluctuations whose magnitudes were systematically larger than predicted from the actual single channel current size, consistent with cooperativity between single HCN channels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Dekker
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yellen
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000502:physiology; D004594:Electrophysiology; D006801:Humans; D064428:Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels; D015640:Ion Channel Gating / Q000502:physiology*; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D015221:Potassium Channels
chemical_list: C578710:HCN2 protein, human; D064428:Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels; D007473:Ion Channels; D015221:Potassium Channels; D000242:Cyclic AMP