title: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene and rapid-cycling bipolar disorder: family-based association study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have previously reported the Val66Met and GT(n) repeat polymorphisms of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene to be associated with bipolar disorder. However, these findings have not been replicated consistently.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To dissect the association of the BDNF gene with bipolar disorder by examining additional markers at the DNA level and by testing the illness categories of bipolar disorder I and II and rapid cycling.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a family-based association study and haplotype analyses with 312 nuclear families using four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the Val66Met and GT(n) repeat polymorphisms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SNPs hCV11592756 and rs2049045, the Val66Met and GT(n) were significantly associated with bipolar disorder using transmission disequilibrium analyses (P=0.02, 0.009, 0.001 and 0.008 respectively). The effect atthese markers was mainly driven by the rapid-cycling patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within bipolar disorder, variation in the BDNF gene appears to predict risk for developing rapid cycling according to DSM-IV. Incorporating this clinical sub-phenotyping into other studies of the BDNF gene may help to resolve some of the inconsistencies reported thus far concerning BDNF and bipolar disorder.
authors.affiliation: Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street R30, Toronto, Ontario M5T1R8, Canada.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: de Luca
authors.forename: Tricia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sicard
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Strauss
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kennedy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000235:genetics*; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D010375:Pedigree; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D005819:Genetic Markers