title: Quantitative determination of adhesion patterns of cariogenic streptococci to various orthodontic adhesives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the adhesion of various cariogenic streptococci to orthodontic adhesives.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five light-cure orthodontic adhesives (one fluoride-releasing composite, three non-fluoride-releasing composites, and one resin-modified glass ionomer cement) were used. The adhesive type, bacterial strain, incubation time, and saliva coating were studied. Thirty specimens of each adhesive were incubated with unstimulated whole saliva or phosphate-buffered saline for 2 hours. Binding assays were then performed by incubating tritium-labeled streptococci with the adhesives for 3 or 6 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed a characteristic adhesion pattern according to the type of bacterial strains used. Streptococcus mutans LM7 showed the highest amount of adhesion, whereas S sobrinus B13 showed the lowest amount of adhesion. The cariogenic streptococci adhered to the glass ionomer significantly more than to the composites, whereas there was no significant difference in the adhesion amount among the four composites. The extended incubation time significantly increased bacterial adhesion. However, saliva coating did not significantly alter adhesion patterns of cariogenic streptococci.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that cariogenic streptococci can adhere diversely according to adhesive type and that the adhesion of the cariogenic streptococci is not influenced by its fluoride-releasing properties.
authors.affiliation: Seoul National University, College of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute and Department of Orthodontics, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sug-Joon
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Bum-Soon
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Yong-Keun
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Dong-Seok
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Nahm
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D000328:Adult; D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000502:physiology*; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000382:microbiology*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000737:chemistry; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances / Q000382:microbiology*; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D012463:Saliva / Q000502:physiology; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*; D016986:Streptococcus sobrinus / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D003188:Composite Resins; C418867:Enlight; C095451:Fuji Ortho LC; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; C429652:Reliance Light Bond; D019279:Resin Cements; C477790:Transbond XT; D005459:Fluorides