title: The role of N-acetylcysteine in lower extremity ischemia/reperfusions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) in lower extremity ischemia/reperfusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 23 patients who underwent surgical intervention due to acute femoral artery occlusion were assigned into 2 groups: control group (group 1, n=12); and NAC group (group 2, n=11). Patients in NAC group received NAC before reperfusion, and 8 and 16 h after reperfusion (3x300 mg), while patients in control group received only NaCl 0.9% (3x100 mL). Catalase, malondialdehyde (MDA) and thiol concentrations were determined in femoral vein samples collected at 6 different time points: before reperfusion (t1), and 30 min (t2), 2 h (t3), 6 h (t4), 12 h (t5) and 24 h (t6) after reperfusion. Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (A-aO2) was calculated in radial artery blood samples simultaneously collected at the same time points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences between the two groups with regard to age (control group 61+/-13 and NAC group 64+/-11 years), gender (control group M/F: 7/5, NAC 6/5) and the average time from onset of symptoms (control group 9.6+/-3.5 h, and NAC group 10.2+/-3.1 h) were present. Catalase enzyme activity increased with reperfusion in both groups and there were no differences between the two groups. MDA levels did not change significantly with reperfusion in NAC group, whereas they were significantly higher in control group at t2 and t3 compared to NAC group (P<0.05). Thiol concentrations decreased with reperfusion in control group, and in NAC group increases that started with reperfusion returned back to baseline levels after 24 hours. Although the A-aO2 gradient increased in both groups with the beginning of reperfusion, the most prominent increase occurred in control group (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In control group, the significant increase in MDA levels and A-aO2 gradient in reperfusion phase were considered a sign of local and end organ injury. We did not observe these changes in NAC performed group thus showing the efficacy of NAC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Trakya University, Medical Faculty, Edirne, Turkey. turanege@ttnet.net.tr
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ege
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eskiocak
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Edis
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Duran
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D002374:Catalase / Q000097:blood; D017128:Embolectomy; D004617:Embolism / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013858:Thiobarbiturates / Q000097:blood; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D013858:Thiobarbiturates; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; C029684:thiobarbituric acid; D000111:Acetylcysteine