title: Development of novel whole-body exposure setups for rats providing high efficiency, National Toxicology Program (NTP) compatibility and well-characterized exposure.
abstract: This paper presents the design, optimization, realization and verification of novel whole-body exposure setups for rats. The setups operating at 902 MHz and 1747 MHz provide highly efficient, National Toxicology Program (NTP) compatible and well-characterized exposures. They are compared to existing concepts of exposure setups with respect to efficiency, induced field uniformity, good laboratory practice (GLP) compatibility and cost. The novel exposure setup consists of a circular cascade of 17 sectorial waveguides excited by a novel loop antenna placed in the centre. The 70% overall efficiency of the exposure setup surpasses comparable values of existing setups. A field uniformity inside the phantom of more than 86% for the 1g cubical averaged specific absorption rate (SAR) within +/-5 dB of the whole-body SAR (WB-SAR) was attained. The uniformity of the exposure inside the setup, defined as the variation of the WB-SAR between animals, was better than +/-24%. Using only stainless steel, gold and polycarbonate in the vicinity of the animals ensured full GLP compatibility. The entire exposure system features fully automated computer controlled exposure and data monitoring, data storing and failure handling. Therefore, the proposed exposure system can be used to run blinded large scale, long-term exposure studies.
authors.affiliation: Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH), 12725 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. wolfgang.kainz@fda.hhs.gov
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kainz
authors.forename: Neviana
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nikoloski
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Oesch
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Berdiñas-Torres
authors.forename: Jürg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fröhlich
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Neubauer
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kuster
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001822:Body Burden; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011874:Radiometry; D051381:Rats; D012062:Relative Biological Effectiveness; D012106:Research / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014916:Whole-Body Irradiation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000662:veterinary*