title: The potential association between smoking and endodontic disease.
abstract: The aim of this review was to analyse the literature to assess the possibility of an association between smoking and endodontic disease and the prognosis of endodontically treated teeth. The review of the prognosis of endodontically treated teeth involved taking account of any potential associations with smoking and endodontic disease and marginal periodontitis, and smoking and prosthodontic outcomes. In addition, the role of smoking in implant failure and surgical wound healing was analysed with a view to drawing parallels regarding the possible implications of smoking on the outcome of surgical endodontics. A MEDLINE and Cochrane library search including smoking and various endodontic keyword searches identified three papers which discussed the variables, and did not just mention them separately in the text. The literature demonstrates a paucity of evidence relating smoking with endodontic disease and prognosis, but nevertheless presents evidence of a possible influence on the prognosis of endodontically treated teeth in smokers and a likely increase in surgical complications. The possible merits of a smoking cessation protocol prior to surgical endodontics are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Institute, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK. henry.duncan@kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Pitt Ford
mesh_terms: D015921:Dental Implants; D003788:Dental Pulp Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D006801:Humans; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000209:etiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019553:Tooth, Nonvital / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants