title: Structure and transcriptional impact of divergent repetitive elements inserted within Phanerochaete chrysosporium strain RP-78 genes.
abstract: We describe the structure, organization, and transcriptional impact of repetitive elements within the lignin-degrading basidiomycete, Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Searches of the P. chrysosporium genome revealed five copies of pce1, a ~1,750-nt non-autonomous, class II element. Alleles encoding a putative glucosyltransferase and a cytochrome P450 harbor pce insertions and produce incomplete transcripts. Class I elements included pcret1, an intact 8.14-kb gypsy-like retrotransposon inserted within a member of the multicopper oxidase gene family. Additionally, we describe a complex insertion of nested transposons within another putative cytochrome P450 gene. The disrupted allele lies within a cluster of >14 genes, all of which encode family 64 cytochrome P450s. Components of the insertion include a disjoint copia-like element, pcret3, the pol domain of a second retroelement, pcret2, and a duplication of an extended ORF of unknown function. As in the case of the pce elements, pcret1 and pcret2/3 insertions are confined to single alleles, transcripts of which are truncated. The corresponding wild-type alleles are apparently unaffected. In aggregate, P. chrysosporium harbors a complex array of repetitive elements, at least five of which directly influence expression of genes within families of structurally related sequences.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile and Instituto Milenio de Biología Fundamental y Aplicada, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Luis F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Larrondo
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Canessa
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vicuña
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Amber
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vanden Wymelenberg
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cullen
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001483:Base Sequence; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000235:genetics; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal / Q000235:genetics*; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D005964:Glucosyltransferases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D008031:Lignin / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D016366:Open Reading Frames / Q000235:genetics; D020075:Phanerochaete / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D018626:Retroelements / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D018626:Retroelements; D008031:Lignin; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D005964:Glucosyltransferases