title: [Expression of PPAR-gamma in human hilar bile duct carcinoma cell line QBC939 and the effects of PPAR-Y activated by its ligand on the growth of QBC939].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the expression of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) in QBC939 and the effects of PPAR-gamma activated by its ligand pioglitazone on the growth of human bile duct carcinoma cell line.
  
  
  METHODS
  QBC939 cells were cultured and treated with different concentration of pioglitazone; the expression of PPAR-gamma mRNA was detected by RT-PCR; the effects of PPAR-gamma activated by its ligand on cell proliferation were examined by cell count under light microscope; the influences of activated PPAR-gamma on cell cycle were examined by flow cytometry, and the apoptosis of cancer cells induced by PPAR-gamma ligand pioglitazone was detected by flow cytometry and TUNEL methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PPAR-gamma was expressed in human hilar bile duct carcinoma cell line QBC939. And after PPAR-gamma was activated by its ligand pioglitazone, it significantly inhibited cell proliferation, produced G2/M phase arrest and induced apoptosis of QBC939.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PPAR-gamma, after being activated by its ligand pioglitazone, can inhibit the cell growth of QBC939 remarkably through suppression of cell proliferation, increase in proportion of G2/M phase cells and induction of apoptosis, so PPAR-gamma may be a molecular therapeutical target against the human bile duct carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Nan-sheng
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Xian-ze
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Qing-jie
authors.initials: QJ
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Oing-ying
authors.initials: OY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Nai-hong
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jing
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D047495:PPAR gamma; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077205:Pioglitazone