title: An in vitro model to measure the effect of a silver fluoride and potassium iodide treatment on the permeability of demineralized dentine to Streptococcus mutans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diamine silver fluoride (Ag(NH3)2F), referred to as AgF, has been used to reduce the incidence of caries in primary dentitions but has been limited by the associated staining of both teeth and restorative materials. The application of potassium iodide (KI), following AgF prevents staining but its effects on the ability of AgF to reduce caries are not known. The aim of this study was to develop an in vitro model that would provide an indication of the permeability of demineralized dentine to Streptococcus mutans after treatment of the dentine with AgF followed by KI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty dentine discs were bonded to the base of forty 5mL polycarbonate screw top vials (that had had their bases removed), filled with nutrient medium, sterilized and placed into a continuous culture of S. mutans. Samples were divided into four groups as follows: 10 samples of demineralized dentine as a control, 10 samples of demineralized dentine treated with AgF/KI, 10 samples of demineralized dentine treated with KI and 10 samples of demineralized dentine treated with AgF. After two weeks the optical density of the growth medium chambers was measured to determine bacterial penetration and growth. Cultures were plated out to determine migration through the discs by S. mutans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  S. mutans migrated through all dentine discs. However, the samples treated with AgF and AgF/KI had significantly lower optical densities than the corresponding controls. The range of optical densities was least amongst demineralized samples treated with AgF/KI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under the conditions of this study, treatment of demineralized dentine discs with AgF followed by KI allowed the penetration of S. mutans. Based on optical density measurements, the treatment resulted in significantly fewer microorganisms being present subjacent to the discs treated with AgF and KI than the control discs at the end of the experimental period.
authors.affiliation: Dental School, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide. geoffbds@dentalk.com.au
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: McIntyre
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.lastname: Mulyani
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Zilm
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Gully
mesh_terms: D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003470:Culture Media; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D003806:Dentin Permeability / Q000187:drug effects*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D011193:Potassium Iodide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018030:Silver Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D018030:Silver Compounds; D011193:Potassium Iodide; C105022:silver fluoride; D005459:Fluorides