title: Loss of leishmanin skin test antigen sensitivity and potency in a longitudinal study of visceral leishmaniasis in Bangladesh.
abstract: Annual leishmanin skin test (LST) surveys were conducted in a visceral leishmaniasis-endemic Bangladeshi community from 2002 through 2004, using Leishmania infantum antigen from the same manufacturer and batch. In 2002, 530 (35%) of 1,532 had positive LST results; the prevalence increased with increasing age. The LST result was positive in 24 (51%) of 47, 18 (72%) of 25, and 11 (85%) of 13 kala-azar patients treated in the previous 1-11, 12-23, and 24-35 months. A positive LST result in 2002 was associated with protection against subsequent kala-azar (P < 0.0001). In 2003-2004, decreased antigen sensitivity was observed. Among 686 participants, 34% were LST-positive in 2002, 29% in 2003, and 19% in 2004. Of 63 cured kala-azar patients, 70% were positive in 2002, 53% in 2003, and only 30% in 2004. Among 171 participants tested with both antigens, L. infantum study antigen sensitivity was 70% compared with L. amazonensis antigen. Our data underscore the need for better production, standardization, and documentation of sensitivity, potency, and stability of leishmanin antigens.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. CBurn@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Caryn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bern
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Amann
authors.forename: Rashidul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haque
authors.forename: Rajib
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.forename: Mustakim
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Katie M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kurkjian
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vaz
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wagatsuma
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Breiman
authors.forename: W Evan
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Secor
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Maguire
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000276:immunology; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D018314:Leishmania infantum / Q000276:immunology*; D007894:Leishmania mexicana / Q000276:immunology; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012882:Skin Tests / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; C032127:leishmanin