title: An invertebrate TNF functional analogue activates macrophages via lectin-saccharide interaction with ion channels.
abstract: The invertebrate pattern-recognition protein named coelomic cytolytic factor (CCF) and the mammalian cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) share functional analogies that are based on a similar saccharide recognition specificity. In particular, CCF and TNF have been shown to interact with ion channels on the surface of vertebrate cells via N,N'-diacetylchitobiose lectin-like activity. In the present study, we show that CCF-induced membrane depolarization results in the release of TNF, IL-6 and nitric oxide (NO) by macrophages via nuclear factor-kappaB signaling. Interestingly, our data suggest that TNF contributes, through lectin-saccharide interaction, to the secretion of IL-6 and NO induced by CCF. This experimental non-physiological setting based on the interaction of an invertebrate defense lectin with vertebrate cells involved in the innate immune response may have highlighted an evolutionarily ancient mechanism of macrophage activation in vertebrates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídenská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic. mbilej@biomed.cas.cz
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bilej
authors.forename: Radka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Josková
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Van den Bergh
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Procházková
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Silerová
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ameloot
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Baetselier
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beschin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D037102:Lectins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004187:Disaccharides; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007473:Ion Channels; D037102:Lectins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C094795:coelomic cytolytic factor 1, Eisenia fetida; C010913:N,N-diacetylchitobiose; D009569:Nitric Oxide