title: Occupational exposure to low frequency magnetic fields and dementia: a case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies point to a potential aetiological relevance to dementia of exposure to low-frequency magnetic fields, but the evidence is inconclusive.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To further examine the relationship between low frequency magnetic fields and dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 23 general practices, 195 patients with dementia were recruited. Of these, 108 had possible Alzheimer's disease, 59 had possible vascular dementia and 28 had secondary or unclassified dementia. A total of 229 controls were recruited: 122 population controls and 107 ambulatory patients free from dementia. Data were gathered in a structured personal interview; in cases, the interview was administered to the next of kin. Exposure to low-frequency electromagnetic fields was assessed by expert rating. To identify occupations suspected to be associated with dementia, major occupations were a priori formed. Odds ratios were calculated using logistic regression, to control for age, region, sex, dementia in parents and smoking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure to magnetic fields was not significantly associated with dementia; restriction of the analysis to cases with possible Alzheimer's disease or possible vascular dementia did not lead to statistically significant results. We found an increased risk of dementia in blue-collar occupations (electrical and electronics workers, metal workers, construction workers, food and beverage processors and labourers).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study does not support a strong association between occupational exposure to low-frequency magnetic fields and dementia. Further studies should consider the relationship between blue-collar work and the late development of dementia.
authors.affiliation: Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany. seidler.andreas@baua.bund.de
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seidler
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Geller
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nienhaus
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bernhardt
authors.forename: Ingeburg
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ruppe
authors.forename: Siegfried
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eggert
authors.forename: Maila
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hietanen
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kauppinen
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Frölich
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D009790:Occupations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data