title: Transhepatic lactate gradient in relation to liver ischemia/reperfusion injury during major hepatectomies.
abstract: Hepatectomies performed under selective hepatic vascular exclusion are associated with a series of events culminating in ischemia/reperfusion injury, a state that shares common characteristics with situations known to result in global or regional hyperlactatemia. Accordingly, we sought to determine whether lactate is released by the liver during hepatic resections performed under blood flow deprivation and what relation this has to a possible systemic hyperlactatemic state. After ethical approval, 14 consecutive patients with resectable liver tumors subjected to hepatectomy under inflow and outflow occlusion of the liver were studied. Lactate concentrations were assessed in simultaneously drawn arterial, portal venous, and hepatic venous blood before liver dissection and 50 minutes postreperfusion. Moreover, the transhepatic lactate gradient (hepatic vein - portal vein) was calculated to see if there was net production or consumption of lactate. Before hepatic dissection, the transhepatic lactate gradient was negative, suggesting consumption by the liver. Fifty minutes after reperfusion, this gradient became significantly positive, demonstrating release of lactate by the liver (0.12 +/- 0.31 vs. -0.38 +/- 0.30 mmol/L, P < 0.05). The magnitude of lactate release correlated with systemic arterial lactate levels at the same time point (r(2) = 0.63, P < 0.001). A weaker but significant correlation was demonstrated between the transhepatic lactate gradient postreperfusion and systemic arterial lactate levels 24 hours postoperatively (r(2) = 0.41, P = 0.013). A strong correlation between the transhepatic lactate gradient postreperfusion and peak postoperative aspartate aminotransferase values was also demonstrated (r(2) = 0.73, P < 0.001). The liver becomes a net producer of lactate in hepatectomies performed under blood flow deprivation. This lactate release can explain some of the systemic hyperlactatemia seen in this context and relates to the extent of ischemia/reperfusion injury.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Anesthesiology, Areteion Hospital, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece. ktheodoraki@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Kassiani
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Theodoraki
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arkadopoulos
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fragulidis
authors.forename: Dionysios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Voros
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karapanos
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Markatou
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kostopanagiotou
authors.forename: Vassilios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Smyrniotis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008102:Liver Circulation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019344:Lactic Acid