title: International variations in the treatment and co-morbidity of left ventricular systolic dysfunction: data from the EuroHeart Failure Survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Treatment of heart failure (HF) due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) is effective, but many patients are not treated in accordance with guidelines. This may reflect a lack of adequate organisation of care or co-morbidity contra-indicating therapy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of co-morbidities on the prescription of neurohormonal antagonists for HF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The EuroHeart Failure Survey identified 10,701 patients with suspected or confirmed HF during 2000 and 2001, 64% of whom had an imaging test and 3658 had documented LVSD. This last group constitutes the focus of this report. Renal dysfunction was associated with lower prescription of ACE inhibitors at discharge (74% vs. 83%, p<0.001). Beta-blockers were less often used in patients with respiratory disease (32% vs. 53%, p<0.001). Co-morbidity did not appear to affect the use of spironolactone. There were few important international differences in uptake of key therapies amongst European countries with widely differing cultures and economic status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Guidelines appear successful in creating a relatively uniform approach to the treatment for HF due to LVSD in diverse medical cultures. Relevant co-morbidity seems to be responsible for a substantial reduction in the prescription of ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers. However, whilst co-morbidity indicates the need for greater caution, it is often not a valid contra-indication to life-saving therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Murska Sobota, Murska Sobota, Slovenia. mitja.lainscak@guest.arnes.si <mitja.lainscak@guest.arnes.si>
authors.forename: Mitja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lainscak
authors.forename: John G F
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Cleland
authors.forename: Mattie J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lenzen
authors.forename: Ferenc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Follath
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Komajda
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Swedberg
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005846:Georgia (Republic) / Q000453:epidemiology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012426:Russia / Q000453:epidemiology; D013148:Spironolactone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013599:Systole; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D004232:Diuretics; D013148:Spironolactone