title: An age-related decrease in creatinine clearance is associated with an increase in number of falls in untreated women but not in women receiving calcitriol treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Decreased calcitriol production due to impaired renal function may be a significant risk factor for falls in normal aging population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to examine the association between creatinine clearance (CrCl) and the incidence of falls and fallers in groups treated with placebo, calcitriol, estrogen therapy (ET)/estrogen + progestin therapy (HT), and calcitriol + ET/HT.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a 3-yr, double-blind, placebo-controlled study designed to test the efficacy of calcitriol and ET/HT on bone loss and falls with analysis by intention to treat and post hoc.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted at an academic outpatient center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred eighty-nine normal elderly women aged 65-77 yr; 415 women completed the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were randomized to placebo, calcitriol 0.25 mug twice a day, ET daily (conjugated equine estrogens 0.625 mg), HT (conjugated equine estrogen 0.625 mg + medroxyprogesterone acetate 2.5 mg) and calcitriol + ET/HT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cumulative number of falls and fallers were compared between groups with 24-h urine CrCl less than 60 and 60 ml/min or greater.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Calcitriol treatment decreased the number of fallers and falls. Low CrCl less than 60 ml/min was a predictor of the number of falls per person but not fallers in the placebo group (P = 0.007). In the low CrCl group (<60 ml/min), the rate of falls decreased on calcitriol by 53% [95% confidence interval (CI) -71% to -22%; P = 0.003], calcitriol + ET/HT by 61% (95% CI -76% to -37%; P = 0.001), and ET/HT by 25% (95% CI: -55% to +24%; not significant). Calcitriol reduced the rate of falls by 30% (95% CI -49% to -4%; P = 0.027) in the CrCl 60 ml/min or greater group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Calcitriol treatment decreases falls in all subjects but especially in elderly women with decreased renal function (<60 ml/min) and frequent fallers.
authors.affiliation: Bone Metabolism Unit, Creighton University Medical Center, School of Medicine, 601 North 30th Street, Room 6718, Omaha, Nebraska 68131, USA. jcg@creighton.edu
authors.forename: J Christopher
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: Prema B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Rapuri
authors.forename: Lynette M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine; D002117:Calcitriol