title: The reverse mode of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger provides a source of Ca(2+) for store refilling following agonist-induced Ca(2+) mobilization.
abstract: Agonist-induced contraction of airway smooth muscle (ASM) can be triggered by an elevation in the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration, primarily through the release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). The refilling of the SR is integral for subsequent contractions. It has been suggested that Ca(2+) entry via store-operated cation (SOC) and receptor-operated cation channels may facilitate refilling of the SR. Indeed, depletion of the SR activates substantial inward SOC currents in ASM that are composed of both Ca(2+) and Na(+). Accumulation of Na(+) within the cell may regulate Ca(2+) handling in ASM by forcing the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) into the reverse mode, leading to the influx of Ca(2+) from the extracellular domain. Since depletion of the SR activates substantial inward Na(+) current, it is conceivable that the reverse mode of the NCX may contribute to the intracellular Ca(2+) pool from which the SR is refilled. Indeed, successive contractions of bovine ASM, evoked by various agonists (ACh, histamine, 5-HT, caffeine) were significantly reduced upon removal of extracellular Na(+); whereas contractions evoked by KCl were unchanged by Na(+) depletion. Ouabain, a selective inhibitor of the Na(+)/K(+) pump, had no effect on the reductions observed under normal and zero-Na(+) conditions. KB-R7943, a selective inhibitor of the reverse mode of the NCX, significantly reduced successive contractions induced by all agonists without altering KCl responses. Furthermore, KB-R7943 abolished successive caffeine-induced Ca(2+) transients in single ASM cells. Together, these data suggest a role for the reverse mode of the NCX in refilling the SR in ASM following Ca(2+) mobilization.
authors.affiliation: Asthma Research Group, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St. Joseph's Healthcare, and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirota
authors.forename: Evi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pertens
authors.forename: Luke J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Janssen
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects; D002417:Cattle; D006632:Histamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000187:drug effects; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D012701:Serotonin / Q000494:pharmacology; D012964:Sodium / Q000494:pharmacology; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger / Q000819:agonists* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D013890:Thiourea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C101670:2-(2-(4-(4-nitrobenzyloxy)phenyl)ethyl)isothiourea methanesulfonate; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger; D012701:Serotonin; D002110:Caffeine; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D006632:Histamine; D012964:Sodium; D013890:Thiourea; D000109:Acetylcholine; D002118:Calcium