title: Targeting mitochondrial factor Smac/DIABLO as therapy for multiple myeloma (MM).
abstract: Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac) promotes apoptosis via activation of caspases. Here we show that a low-molecular-weight Smac mimetic LBW242 induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma (MM) cells resistant to conventional and bortezomib therapies. Examination of purified patient MM cells demonstrated similar results, without significant cytotoxicity against normal lymphocytes and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Importantly, LBW242 abrogates paracrine MM cell growth triggered by their adherence to BMSCs and overcomes MM cell growth and drug-resistance conferred by interleukin-6 or insulinlike growth factor-1. Overexpression of Bcl-2 similarly does not affect LBW242-induced cytotoxicity. Mechanistic studies show that LBW242-induced apoptosis in MM cells is associated with activation of caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3, followed by PARP cleavage. In human MM xenograft mouse models, LBW242 is well tolerated, inhibits tumor growth, and prolongs survival. Importantly, combining LBW242 with novel agents, including tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) or the proteasome inhibitors bortezomib and NPI-0052, as well as with the conventional anti-MM agent melphalan, induces additive/synergistic anti-MM activity. Our study therefore provides the rationale for clinical protocols evaluating LBW242, alone and together with other anti-MM agents, to improve patient outcome in MM.
authors.affiliation: The Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Dharminder
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Neri
authors.forename: Mugdha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Velankar
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Podar
authors.forename: Teru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hideshima
authors.forename: Mariateresa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fulciniti
authors.forename: Pierfrancesco
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tassone
authors.forename: Noopur
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Raje
authors.forename: Constantine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mitsiades
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mitsiades
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Leigh
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zawel
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: Nikhil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Munshi
authors.forename: Kenneth C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000819:agonists*; D008558:Melphalan / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000819:agonists*; D018716:Molecular Mimicry; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D019899:Paracrine Communication / Q000187:drug effects; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology; D015996:Survival Rate; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C412403:DIABLO protein, human; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D008558:Melphalan