title: Botulinum toxin type A for poststroke cricopharyngeal muscle dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in poststroke patients with cricopharyngeal muscle dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Before-after trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight poststroke patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  BTX-A injection into the cricopharyngeal muscle under endoscope guidance for poststroke cricopharyngeal muscle dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical symptom score, disability rating scale for swallowing impairment, videofluoroscopic swallowing study, and upper esophageal sphincter (UES) manometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical symptom score, disability rating scale for swallowing impairment, residue in piriform sinus, and UES pressure were all significantly improved at 2 weeks after BTX-A injection compared with evaluations before injection (P<.05). The effects on the clinical symptom score and disability rating scale for swallowing impairment continued to be significantly improved to 12 weeks after injection (P<.05). However, the residue in piriform sinus and the UES pressure at 12 weeks postinjection were reduced compared with before-injection evaluations; these results were not significant. The pharyngeal transit time was not changed after injection. There were no side effects observed in the patients studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study suggest that BTX-A injection may be an effective and safe treatment in patients with poststroke cricopharyngeal muscle dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Deog Young
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chang-il
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Suk Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ohn
authors.forename: Ja Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Won Hyuk
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Seung-woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D049631:Esophageal Sphincter, Upper / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A