title: Circulating immune complexes and trace elements (Copper, Iron and Selenium) as markers in oral precancer and cancer : a randomised, controlled clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the levels of circulating immune complexes, trace elements (copper, iron and selenium) in serum of patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), oral leukoplakia (L), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), analyze the alteration and identify the best predictors amongst these parameters for disease occurrence and progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were estimated using 37.5% Polyethylene Glycol 6000(PEG) serum precipitation. Serum estimation of copper (Cu), Iron (Fe) and selenium (Se) was done using the Oxalyl Dihydrazide method, Colorimetric Dipyridyl method and the Differential Pulse Cathodic Stripping Voltametry respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data analysis revealed increased circulating immune complex levels in the precancer and cancer patients. Serum copper levels showed gradual increase from precancer to cancer patients. However, serum iron levels were decreased significantly in the cancer group. Selenium levels showed marked decrease in the cancer group. Among CIC, serum, copper, iron and selenium the best predictors for the occurrence of lesions were age, serum iron, CIC, serum selenium in the decreasing order.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study shows that these immunological and biological markers may be associated with the pathogenesis of oral premalignant and malignant lesions and their progressions. Concerted efforts would, therefore, help in early detection, management, and monitoring the efficacy of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, India. sunali3011@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Sunali S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Khanna
authors.forename: Freny R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Karjodkar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex / Q000097:blood*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D003300:Copper / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000097:blood*; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000097:blood*; D011379:Prognosis; D012643:Selenium / Q000097:blood*; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D014131:Trace Elements; D003300:Copper; D007501:Iron; D012643:Selenium