title: Assessing procedural pain in children with cancer in Beirut, Lebanon.
abstract: This study describes the relationship between different indicators of pain, including self-reports, behavioral observations, and physiological measures, in children with cancer undergoing invasive procedures. Forty-five children between the ages of 4 and 10 years were evaluated while undergoing Port-a-Cath access. The study was conducted in the outpatient clinics of the Children's Cancer Center in Beirut, Lebanon. Children used 2 self-report measures of pain (the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale and an adaptation of the FACES, the DOLLS). Parents and nurses assessed the child's pain on the FACES and the child's distress on the Observational Scale of Behavioral Distress-Revised. Nurses recoded behavioral observations as well as physiological responses to pain. There was a high degree of consistency between the self-reports and moderate to high correlations between self-reports, behavioral parameters, and physiological parameters, suggesting that accurate pain assessments can be made by both nurses and parents. The results also demonstrate adequate validity and reliability of the DOLLS scale in a Lebanese population, in addition to being the preferred assessment tool for all the children in the study.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Azusa Pacific University, California 90095, USA. linakbadr@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Lina Kurdahi
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Badr Zahr
authors.forename: Houry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Puzantian
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abboud
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdallah
authors.forename: Randa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shahine
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007861:Lebanon; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D013315:Stress, Psychological