title: Evidence against breast self examination is not conclusive: what policymakers and health professionals need to know.
abstract: Breast cancer is a serious health concern and a disease that is not well understood. Early detection remains the best way to prevent debilitation and death. Traditionally, mammography, clinical breast examination (CBE), and breast self examination (BSE) have been accepted as legitimate breast screening modalities. Over the past 5 years, academics, health professionals, and policymakers have seriously questioned the usefulness of BSE after influential organizations such as the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care downgraded their BSE recommendation citing fair evidence of no benefit and good evidence of harm. We briefly review the three large BSE trials, highlighting methodological weaknesses limiting their ability to evaluate its effectiveness, as well as critique the 2001 Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care report on BSE. We argue that it is premature to conclude that BSE is ineffective. Given that most women find their own breast cancer, this article cautions policymakers and health professionals that a prudent approach to BSE promotion should be taken.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nursing Studies, 100 Forest Road, Office 1128, St John's, NL A1A 1E5 Canada. akearney@cns.nf.ca
authors.forename: Anne J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Kearney
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murray
mesh_terms: D016504:Breast Self-Examination; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D019049:Developed Countries; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D011050:Policy Making