title: Scintimammographic detection of usual ductal breast hyperplasia with increased proliferation rate at risk for malignancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate whether breast uptake of (99m)Tc-(V)DMSA and (99m)Tc-sestamibi in usual ductal epithelial breast hyperplasia (UDH) and apocrine metaplasia is related to cell proliferation rate (Ki-67) and oestrogen receptor (ER) expression, both of which are associated with the potential risk of evolving to malignancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among patients referred for suspicious breast findings on palpation and/or mammography and evaluated preoperatively with both radiopharmaceuticals, we retrospectively studied 17 (10 with UDH: group I; and seven with apocrine metaplasia: group II). Lesion-to-background (L/B) ratios in early and late acquisitions were calculated for both radiotracers in both groups, as well as their retention ratios. Ki-67 and oestrogen receptor expression were determined immunohistochemically. The late L/B ratios between the two tracers were compared, as were the late ratios for each tracer between Ki-67 < or = 3% and > 3%, and between ER < or = 15% and > 15%. Linear regression analysis was also performed between L/B and retention ratios and Ki-67 expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant increase of the (99m)Tc-(V)DMSA L/B ratio in late images as compared to the early images in group I (P<0.05), while in group II it was not significantly increased (P=0.084). (99m)Tc-sestamibi ratios did not demonstrate variability over time in either group (P=0.156 and 0.274, respectively). Significant coefficient correlation was found between the (99m)Tc-(V)DMSA L/B(late) ratios and retention ratios and Ki-67 levels only for group I (r=0.889, P<0.001 and r=0.802, P<0.01, respectively). The (99m)Tc-(V)DMSA L/B(late) ratios in group I were significantly higher when Ki-67 > 3% than when Ki-67 < or = 3% (P=0.016) but did not differ considerably between ER > 15% and < or = 15% (P=0.732).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (99m)Tc-(V)DMSA uptake in UDH correlates with Ki-67 expression. This could prove useful in identifying women with benign but high-risk breast pathologies who might benefit from chemoprophylaxis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, "Alexandra" University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Vassilios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Papantoniou
authors.forename: Spyridon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsiouris
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koutsikos
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sotiropoulou
authors.forename: Ekaterini
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mainta
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lazaris
authors.forename: Pipitsa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Valsamaki
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Melissinou
authors.forename: Cherry
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zerva
authors.forename: Aris
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antsaklis
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi