title: Stable atrial sensing on long-term follow up of VDD pacemakers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The hemodynamic advantages of maintaining AV synchrony through AV synchronous pacing are widely known as compared to single chamber pacing. DDD pacemaker implantation entails higher cost and is technically more challenging than the VDD pacemaker.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy one patients underwent VDD lead (Biotronik GmbH, St. Jude Medical and Medtronic Inc.) implantation at KEM hospital, Mumbai during a period of 3 years through subclavian, axillary and cephalic routes for degenerative, post-surgical or congenital high grade atrioventricular or complete heart block. They were followed up regularly for ventricular threshold and P wave amplitude of the floating atrial dipole.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Follow up data of almost 95% of patients is available for a period of 15.8 +/- 6.7 months. P wave amplitude at implant was 2.1 +/- 0.7mV and at follow up 1.1 +/- 0.6mV with mean ventricular threshold of <0.5V at implant and <1V at follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implantation of a single lead VDD pacemaker is possible in all patients with symptomatic AV block and intact sinus node function without any technical complications. P wave sensing is reliable and consistent with floating atrial lead at an average follow up of 15.8 months, providing an excellent alternative to DDD pacemaker implantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India. drashah_md@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Jairam
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aithal
authors.forename: Dhiraj
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Narula
authors.forename: Prafulla
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kerkar