title: Postoperative pain and quality of recovery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Quality of recovery is recognized as a valid and important outcomes measurement in clinical care and research. The increasing interest in evaluating quality of recovery reflects the overall increased interest in patient-focused assessments. Assessment of quality of recovery incorporates measuring many dimensions or domains including physiologic endpoints, adverse events and psychosocial status. Unlike 'traditional' outcomes that focus on major morbidity and mortality, quality of recovery assesses 'nontraditional' outcomes focused around patient-oriented endpoints. By adversely influencing the many domains assessed by quality of recovery, postoperative pain may have a general detrimental effect on quality of recovery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Studies utilizing validated instruments to assess quality of recovery have revealed that different levels of postoperative pain may differentially affect quality of recovery. In addition, quality of recovery in the immediate postoperative period may predict long-term quality of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher levels of postoperative pain typically correlate with a decrease in quality of recovery. Different analgesic techniques and regimens may differentially influence quality of recovery, with preliminary evidence suggesting that some regional analgesic techniques may provide superior quality of recovery, quality of life and patient satisfaction. Further studies are needed to elucidate the effects of different analgesic techniques on quality of recovery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA. chwu@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Christopher L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Richman