title: A positive feedback loop between the p53 and Lats2 tumor suppressors prevents tetraploidization.
abstract: Damage to the mitotic spindle and centrosome dysfunction can lead to cancer. To prevent this, cells trigger a succession of checkpoint responses, where an initial mitotic delay is followed by slippage without cytokinesis, spawning tetraploid G1 cells that undergo a p53-dependent G1/S arrest. We describe the importance of Lats2 (Large Tumor Suppressor 2) in this checkpoint response. Lats2 binds Mdm2, inhibits its E3 ligase activity, and activates p53. Nocodazole, a microtubule poison that provokes centrosome/mitotic apparatus dysfunction, induces Lats2 translocation from centrosomes to the nucleus and p53 accumulation. In turn, p53 rapidly and selectively up-regulates Lats2 expression in G2/M cells, thereby defining a positive feedback loop. Abrogation of Lats2 promotes accumulation of polyploid cells upon exposure to nocodazole, which can be prevented by direct activation of p53. The Lats2-Mdm2-p53 axis thus constitutes a novel checkpoint pathway critical for the maintenance of proper chromosome number.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
authors.forename: Yael
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aylon
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Michael
authors.forename: Ayelet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shmueli
authors.forename: Norikazu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yabuta
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nojima
authors.forename: Moshe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oren
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018385:Centrosome / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D051379:Mice; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism; D015739:Nocodazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011123:Polyploidy; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; C406449:LATS2 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D015739:Nocodazole