title: 4-O-methylgallic acid down-regulates endothelial adhesion molecule expression by inhibiting NF-kappaB-DNA-binding activity.
abstract: We here investigated the functional effect of 4-O-methylgallic acid (4-OMGA), a major metabolite of gallic acid abundant in red wine, on vascular inflammation and its action mechanism. 4-OMGA inhibited the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), resulting in the suppression of leukocyte adhesion to HUVECs. In addition, 4-OMGA inhibited the promoter activities of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 and the activity of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) without affecting cytosolic IkappaB kinase (IKK) activation, inhibitor of kappaB (IkappaB) phosphorylation and degradation, and nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB. This compound did not alter nitric oxide (NO) generation, but inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in TNF-alpha-stimulated HUVECs, suggesting that NO and ROS are not involved in 4-OMGA-mediated inhibition of NF-kappaB activity. Moreover, 4-OMGA directly blocked the binding activity of NF-kappaB to its consensus DNA oligonucleotide, when pre-incubated with the nuclear extract from TNF-alpha-stimulated HUVECs, but not with the oligonucleotide alone. This inhibition was completely abolished by the addition of dithiothreitol. 4-OMGA exhibits an anti-inflammatory property by interfering with the formation of the NF-kappaB-DNA complex in the nuclei through direct and redox-sensitive interactions and may play an important role in the prevention of inflammatory responses such as the atherosclerotic process.
authors.affiliation: Vascular System Research Center, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Gwangsoo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hee-Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Na
authors.forename: Seung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Namkoong
authors.forename: Ho
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jeong Kwon
authors.forename: Sanghwa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Kwon-Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Young-Guen
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Hansoo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young-Myeong
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008156:Luciferases; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014162:Transfection; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; C024272:3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D005707:Gallic Acid; D004247:DNA; D008156:Luciferases