title: Outcome of peptic ulcer bleeding among users of traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few data exist on the impact of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use on peptic ulcer outcome.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the 30-day mortality from peptic ulcer bleeding associated with the use of traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and newer selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study of patients with a first hospitalization for peptic ulcer bleeding in three Danish counties between 1991 and 2003. Data on pre-admission non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, use of other ulcer-related drugs and comorbidities were obtained from population-based registries. Follow-up data on mortality were obtained from the Danish Civil Registry System.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 7,232 patients hospitalized for peptic ulcer bleeding, 28% were current non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug users. Thirty-day mortality was 11% overall, and 13% among current non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug users. Compared with never-use, the adjusted 30-day mortality rate ratios were 1.4 (95% CI: 1.1-1.9) for current use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs alone and 1.3 (95% CI: 1.0-1.7) for current use combined with other ulcer-related drugs. For users of celecoxib, alone and in combination, adjusted mortality rate ratios were 1.4 (95% CI: 0.5-3.9) and 2.0 (95% CI: 1.2-3.5), and for users of rofecoxib, 1.2 (95% CI: 0.4-3.9) and 0.9 (95% CI: 0.5-1.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among patients hospitalized with peptic ulcer bleeding, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including some newer cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors, is associated with increased short-term mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark. uxreth@aas.nja.dk
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Thomsen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Sørensen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003718:Denmark; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010438:Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000401:mortality; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors