title: Influence of lidocaine and diazepam on peri-induction intraocular pressures in dogs anesthetized with propofol-atracurium.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects on the intraocular pressure (IOP) of lidocaine or diazepam administered intravenously (IV) before induction of anesthesia with propofol-atracurium and orotracheal intubation in normal dogs, as well as the effects on the IOP of lidocaine applied topically to the larynx after induction with propofol-atracurium. We randomly assigned 32 random-source dogs, obtained from municipal pounds, to receive the following: lidocaine, 2 mg/kg IV, with saline, 0.1 mL/kg topically applied to the larynx (LIDOsal); saline, 0.1 mL/kg IV, with lidocaine, 2 mg/kg topically applied to the larynx (SALlido); diazepam (Valium), 0.25 mg/kg IV, with saline, 0.1 mL/kg topically applied to the larynx (VALsal); or saline, 0.1 mL/kg IV, with saline, 0.1 mL/kg topically applied to the larynx (SALsal). We measured arterial pressure directly, by means of an indwelling catheter placed in a peripheral artery. Anesthesia was induced with propofol, 8 mg/kg IV, until loss of jaw tone, followed by atracurium, 0.3 mg/kg IV. We measured the IOP in triplicate in each eye before premedication, before induction, before intubation, and after intubation. After induction, the IOP was significantly increased except in the VALsal group, in which the IOP was significantly lower than in the negative-control group before intubation. After intubation, the IOP was significantly elevated in all the groups compared with the values before induction. Cardiovascular parameters were essentially similar in all the groups, except for a significant increase in blood pressure after intubation in the SALlido group. Thus, propofol-atracurium anesthesia causes an increase in IOP that is blunted by diazepam. However, diazepam does not blunt the increase in IOP observed with intubation.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA. erikh@vet.uga.edu
authors.forename: Erik H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Hofmeister
authors.forename: Clara O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: Phillip Anthony
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001279:Atracurium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003975:Diazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000662:veterinary; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D001279:Atracurium; D008012:Lidocaine; D003975:Diazepam; D015742:Propofol