title: Transesophageal echocardiography.
abstract: Anesthesiologists are increasingly using transesophageal echocardiography in both cardiac and noncardiac cases. In cardiac anesthesia, considerable progress has been made in the evaluation of mitral valvular disease. Transesophageal echocardiography has also become more useful in the hemodynamic evaluation of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. It is particularly valuable in minimally invasive surgery and in heart surgery to correct congenital defects.
authors.affiliation: College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and Department of Anesthesiology, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, New York, USA. mgd11@columbia.edu mgd1111@aol.com
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: D'Souza
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Thys