title: Interleukine-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in the human gingival sulcus during orthodontic treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test whether interleukine 1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels differ from each other in different treatment levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen patients, nine female and nine male (aged 16-19 years; mean 17.4 +/- 1.8 years), participated in this study. Each subject underwent a session on professional oral hygiene and received oral hygiene instructions. Two months later, a fixed orthodontic appliance was placed. The patients were seen at baseline, at days 7 and 21 and at the 3rd and 6th month as the leveling of the teeth occurred. Records of the baseline scores for the distalization forces were taken at the 6th month. Days 7 and 21 after 6 months of treatment were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were increases in the volume of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and in the concentrations of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Leveling and distalization of the teeth evoke increases in both the IL-1 and TNF-alpha levels that can be detected in GCF.
authors.affiliation: Dental Faculty, Dice University, Diyarbakir, Turkey. basaran@dicle.edu.tr
authors.forename: Güvenç
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Başaran
authors.forename: Törün
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ozer
authors.forename: Filiz Acun
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.forename: Abdurrahman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: Orhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hamamci
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000497:Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005881:Gingiva / Q000276:immunology*; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D003722:Dental Alloys; D007375:Interleukin-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C040654:titanium nickelide; D013193:Stainless Steel; C013616:nitinol; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium