title: Aldehyde oxidase 1 is highly abundant in hepatic steatosis and is downregulated by adiponectin and fenofibric acid in hepatocytes in vitro.
abstract: Adiponectin protects the liver from steatosis caused by obesity or alcohol and therefore the influence of adiponectin on human hepatocytes was analyzed. GeneChip experiments indicated that recombinant adiponectin downregulates aldehyde oxidase 1 (AOX1) expression and this was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and immunoblot. AOX1 is a xenobiotic metabolizing protein and produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), that promote cell damage and fibrogenesis. Adiponectin and fenofibric acid activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) and both suppress AOX1 protein and this is blocked by the PPAR-alpha antagonist RU486. Obesity is associated with low adiponectin, reduced hepatic PPAR-alpha activity and fatty liver, and AOX1 was found induced in the liver of rats on a high-fat diet when compared to controls. Free fatty acids and leptin, that are elevated in obesity, failed to upregulate AOX1 in vitro. The current data indicate that adiponectin reduces AOX1 by activating PPAR-alpha whereas fatty liver disease is associated with elevated hepatic AOX1. High AOX1 may be associated with higher ROS well described to induce fibrogenesis in liver tissue but may also influence drug metabolism and activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neumeier
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weigert
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schäffler
authors.forename: Thomas S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmidl
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Büttner
authors.forename: Cornelius
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bollheimer
authors.forename: Charalampos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aslanidis
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schölmerich
authors.forename: Christa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buechler
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D011345:Fenofibrate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; C006012:fenofibric acid; D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; C443116:Aox3 protein, mouse; D011345:Fenofibrate