title: ZAP-70 enhances B-cell-receptor signaling despite absent or inefficient tyrosine kinase activation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and lymphoma B cells.
abstract: Expression of ZAP-70 is an important negative prognostic factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). This protein tyrosine kinase is a key mediator of T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling and is structurally homologous to Syk, which plays an analogous role in B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling. Recent studies indicate that ZAP-70 may participate in BCR signaling as well, but the mechanism of action is not completely understood. We have now compared antigen receptor-induced activation of ZAP-70 in B cells and T cells by analyzing phosphorylation of critical regulatory tyrosine residues. We show that BCR-mediated activation of ZAP-70 is very inefficient in CLL and lymphoma B cells and is negligible when compared to activation of Syk. Despite the inefficient catalytic activation, the ability of ZAP-70 to recruit downstream signaling molecules in response to antigen receptor stimulation appeared relatively preserved. Moreover, ectopic expression of ZAP-70 enhanced and prolonged activation of several key mediators of BCR signaling, such as the Syk, ERK, and Akt kinases, and decreased the rate of ligand-mediated BCR internalization. We conclude that the role of ZAP-70 in BCR signaling is quite distinct from its role in TCR signaling and is likely mediated by inhibition of events that terminate the signaling response.
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) Outstation-Monterotondo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Campus Adriano Buzzati-Traverso, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gobessi
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Laurenti
authors.forename: Pablo G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Longo
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sica
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.forename: Dimitar G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Efremov
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D015448:Leukemia, B-Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008024:Ligands; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D019000:Phosphotyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D050721:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl / Q000378:metabolism; D011947:Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell / Q000378:metabolism*; D055765:Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000071425:Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D051746:ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D008024:Ligands; D011947:Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; C528024:SHC1 protein, human; D055765:Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins; D000071425:Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; C492211:CBLB protein, human; D050721:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051746:ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase; C497261:ZAP70 protein, human