title: [Quantification of pulmonary emphysema in multislice-CT using different software tools].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The data records of thin-section MSCT of the lung with approx. 300 images are difficult to use in manual evaluation. A computer-assisted pre-diagnosis can help with reporting. Furthermore, post-processing techniques, for instance, for quantification of emphysema on the basis of three-dimensional anatomical information might be improved and the workflow might be further automated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The results of 4 programs (Pulmo, Volume, YACTA and PulmoFUNC) for the quantitative analysis of emphysema (lung and emphysema volume, mean lung density and emphysema index) of 30 consecutive thin-section MSCT datasets with different emphysema severity levels were compared. The classification result of the YACTA program for different types of emphysema was also analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pulmo and Volume have a median operating time of 105 and 59 minutes respectively due to the necessity for extensive manual correction of the lung segmentation. The programs PulmoFUNC and YACTA, which are automated to a large extent, have a median runtime of 26 and 16 minutes, respectively. The evaluation with Pulmo and Volume using 2 different datasets resulted in implausible values. PulmoFUNC crashed with 2 other datasets in a reproducible manner. Only with YACTA could all graphic datasets be evaluated. The lung volume, emphysema volume, emphysema index and mean lung density determined by YACTA and PulmoFUNC are significantly larger than the corresponding values of Volume and Pulmo (differences: Volume: 119 cm(3)/65 cm(3)/1 %/17 HU, Pulmo: 60 cm(3)/96 cm(3)/1 %/37 HU). Classification of the emphysema type was in agreement with that of the radiologist in 26 panlobular cases, in 22 paraseptalen cases and in 15 centrilobular emphysema cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The substantial expenditure of time obstructs the employment of quantitative emphysema analysis in the clinical routine. The results of YACTA and PulmoFUNC are affected by the dedicated exclusion of the tracheobronchial system. These fully automatic tools enable not only fast quantification without manual interaction, but also a reproducible measurement without user dependence.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinik Mainz. cheussel@uni-mainz.de
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Heussel
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Achenbach
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buschsieweke
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuhnigk
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Weinheimer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hammer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Düber
authors.forename: H-U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Kauczor
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D011656:Pulmonary Emphysema / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012984:Software; D012986:Software Validation; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed / Q000379:methods*