title: Inflammatory response after influenza vaccination in men with and without carotid artery disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inflammatory markers are associated with vascular disease; however, variation in the acute phase response (APR) has not been evaluated. We evaluated whether the APR magnitude in men with severe carotid artery disease (CAAD) (>80% stenosis) differed from that of men without stenosis (<15% stenosis).
  
  
  RESULTS
  White males with (n=43) and without (n=61) severe CAAD receiving clinical influenza vaccinations were recruited. Their baseline and 24-hour after -vaccination blood samples were assayed for C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, and serum amyloid-a (SAA). In vivo APR to vaccination was measurable and varied among subjects. Adjusted for age, smoking, oral hypoglycemics, aspirin, and stain use, the relative 24-hour changes in levels of ln(CRP), ln(IL-6), and ln(SAA) were higher in men with CAAD than in men without, but only the SAA response was significant (P=0.02); the relative SAA response was 1.6 (95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.5) times higher in men with than without CAAD. The APR for all markers appeared to be independent of baseline levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Influenza vaccination results in a mild, but measurable, APR in men with and without CAAD. SAA APR variability may be a predictor of severe vascular disease that is independent of basal SAA level.
authors.affiliation: University of Washington, Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, Wash, USA.
authors.forename: Cara L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Carty
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Heagerty
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: E Clair
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: McClung
authors.forename: Julieann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lum
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boespflug
authors.forename: Carrie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McCloud-Gehring
authors.forename: Behrooz R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Soleimani
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ranchalis
authors.forename: Tamara J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Bacus
authors.forename: Clement E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Furlong
authors.forename: Gail P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Jarvik
mesh_terms: D000210:Acute-Phase Reaction / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D004198:Disease Susceptibility / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein / Q000032:analysis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein; D002097:C-Reactive Protein