title: Longitudinal analysis of the impact and cost of person-centered planning for people with intellectual disabilities in England.
abstract: Person-centered planning is central to United Kingdom policies regarding the support of people with intellectual disabilities. However, little evidence exists on the impact or cost of introducing person-centered planning. We examined the efficacy, effectiveness, and costs of introducing person-centered planning for 93 people with intellectual disabilities over 2 years across four localities in England. A person-centered plan was successfully developed for 65 people. Little change was apparent prior to introducing person-centered planning. After its introduction, modest positive changes were found in the areas of social networks; contact with family; contact with friends; community-based activities; scheduled day activities; and choice. The direct training and support cost of introducing person-centered planning was $1,202 per participant; indirect costs were negligible.
authors.affiliation: Lancaster University, Institute for Health Research, UK. j.m.robertson@lancaster.ac.uk
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Emerson
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hatton
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McIntosh
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Swift
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Krinjen-Kemp
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Towers
authors.forename: Renee
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Romeo
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knapp
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sanderson
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Routledge
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Oakes
authors.forename: Theresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Joyce
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000145:classification / Q000523:psychology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D006291:Health Policy / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training / Q000191:economics; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000191:economics* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010347:Patient Care Planning / Q000191:economics*; D018802:Patient-Centered Care / Q000191:economics*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012944:Social Support; D013222:State Medicine / Q000191:economics*