title: A retrospective study of memantine in children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are no drugs that have been shown to effectively treat the core social impairment of autism.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness and tolerability of memantine for social impairment in children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of 18 patients with PDDs consecutively treated with open-label memantine were retrospectively reviewed. The data reviewed included prospectively obtained assessments of severity (S) and improvement (I) using the Clinical Global Impressions Scale (CGI). Pretrial and follow-up parent ratings were also available on six patients using the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen patients (15 male, 3 female; mean age=11.4 years, range 6-19 years) received memantine (mean dosage=10.1 mg/day, range 2.5-20 mg/day) over a mean duration of 19.3 weeks (range 1.5-56 weeks). Eleven of 18 (61%) patients were judged responders to memantine based on a rating of "much improved" or "very much improved" on the CGI-I. Significant improvement was also seen on the CGI-S. Improvement was primarily seen clinically in social withdrawal and inattention. Adverse effects occurred in 7 of 18 (39%) patients and led to drug discontinuation in 4 of 18 (22%) patients. Thirteen of 18 (72%) patients received stable doses of concomitant medications during the memantine trial.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this open-label retrospective study, memantine was effective in a number of patients with PDDs. Controlled studies are warranted to further assess the efficacy and safety of memantine in PDDs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Erickson
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Posey
authors.forename: Kimberly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Stigler
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mullett
authors.forename: Adrian R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Katschke
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: McDougle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001288:Attention / Q000187:drug effects; D002648:Child; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008559:Memantine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D002666:Psychology, Child; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D008559:Memantine