title: Review of antipsychotics in children and adolescents.
abstract: The use of antipsychotics in children and adolescents in the clinical setting is increasing. This article reviews 77 clinical trials published in the last 10 years, investigating their efficacy, effectiveness, safety and pharmacokinetic data in paediatric populations. The diagnostic categories in which the antipsychotics are commonly used (schizophrenia, pervasive developmental disorders, Tourette's disorder, mental retardation/subaverage intelligence, mood disorders and disruptive behaviour disorders) were used in order to review the evidence and effectiveness. All randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials from the past decade are also summarised. This review refers to recent relevant practice parameters, guidelines and reviews throughout the text. Consistent with previous reviews, it is concluded that the recent trend of increased use of antipsychotics in children and adolescents is not adequately supported by evidence. Specific suggestions have been provided on how to incorporate the existing evidence base into clinical decision making. The review ends with the authors' opinion on the clinical and research implications for the field and future directions.
authors.affiliation: University of Southern California/Keck School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2020 Zonal Avenue, IRD Building, Room #13, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
authors.forename: Suad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kapetanovic
authors.forename: George M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Simpson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents