title: Olfactory discrimination learning increases the survival of adult-born neurons in the olfactory bulb.
abstract: In the olfactory bulb (OB), new neurons are added throughout life, forming an integral part of the functioning circuit. Yet only some of them survive more than a month. To determine whether this turnover depends on olfactory learning, we examined the survival of adult newborn cells labeled with the cell division marker BrdU, administered before learning in an olfactory discrimination task. We report that discrimination learning increases the number of newborn neurons in the adult OB by prolonging their survival. Simple exposure to the pair of olfactory cues did not alter neurogenesis, indicating that the mere activation of sensory inputs during the learning task was insufficient to alter neurogenesis. The increase in cell survival after learning was not uniformly distributed throughout angular sectors of coronal sections of the OB. Monitoring odor activation maps using patterns of Zif268 immediate early gene expression revealed that survival was greater in regions more activated by the non-reinforced odorant. We conclude that sensory activation in a learning context not only controls the total number of newborn neurons in the adult OB, but also refines their precise location. Shaping the distribution of newborn neurons by influencing their survival could optimize the olfactory information processing required for odor discrimination.
authors.affiliation: Perception and Memory Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée 2182, Pasteur Institute, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Viollet
authors.forename: Marie-Madeleine
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Gabellec
authors.forename: Vannary
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Meas-Yedid
authors.forename: Jean-Christophe
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Olivo-Marin
authors.forename: Pierre-Marie
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Lledo
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D009812:Odorants; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development*; D018034:Olfactory Receptor Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development*; D012903:Smell / Q000502:physiology*