title: Emerging respiratory viruses: challenges and vaccine strategies.
abstract: The current threat of avian influenza to the human population, the potential for the reemergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus, and the identification of multiple novel respiratory viruses underline the necessity for the development of therapeutic and preventive strategies to combat viral infection. Vaccine development is a key component in the prevention of widespread viral infection and in the reduction of morbidity and mortality associated with many viral infections. In this review we describe the different approaches currently being evaluated in the development of vaccines against SARS-associated coronavirus and avian influenza viruses and also highlight the many obstacles encountered in the development of these vaccines. Lessons learned from current vaccine studies, coupled with our increasing knowledge of the host and viral factors involved in viral pathogenesis, will help to increase the speed with which efficacious vaccines targeting newly emerging viral pathogens can be developed.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Insitute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gillim-Ross
authors.forename: Kanta
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Subbarao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000635:transmission; D029121:Metapneumovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018184:Paramyxoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D045473:Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D014765:Viral Vaccines