title: The genome sequence of Mannheimia haemolytica A1: insights into virulence, natural competence, and Pasteurellaceae phylogeny.
abstract: The draft genome sequence of Mannheimia haemolytica A1, the causative agent of bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), is presented. Strain ATCC BAA-410, isolated from the lung of a calf with BRDC, was the DNA source. The annotated genome includes 2,839 coding sequences, 1,966 of which were assigned a function and 436 of which are unique to M. haemolytica. Through genome annotation many features of interest were identified, including bacteriophages and genes related to virulence, natural competence, and transcriptional regulation. In addition to previously described virulence factors, M. haemolytica encodes adhesins, including the filamentous hemagglutinin FhaB and two trimeric autotransporter adhesins. Two dual-function immunoglobulin-protease/adhesins are also present, as is a third immunoglobulin protease. Genes related to iron acquisition and drug resistance were identified and are likely important for survival in the host and virulence. Analysis of the genome indicates that M. haemolytica is naturally competent, as genes for natural competence and DNA uptake signal sequences (USS) are present. Comparison of competence loci and USS in other species in the family Pasteurellaceae indicates that M. haemolytica, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, and Haemophilus ducreyi form a lineage distinct from other Pasteurellaceae. This observation was supported by a phylogenetic analysis using sequences of predicted housekeeping genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gioia
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Huaiyang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Clinkenbeard
authors.forename: Reggie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Yamei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: George E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Shailaja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yerrapragada
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: McLeod
authors.forename: Thomas Z
authors.initials: TZ
authors.lastname: McNeill
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hemphill
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sodergren
authors.forename: Qiaoyan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Donna M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Muzny
authors.forename: Farah J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Homsi
authors.forename: George M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Weinstock
authors.forename: Sarah K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Highlander
mesh_terms: D016977:Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae / Q000235:genetics; D018829:Adhesins, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D006191:Haemophilus ducreyi / Q000235:genetics; D016978:Mannheimia haemolytica / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D010802:Phylogeny; D039002:Prophages / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014169:Transformation, Bacterial; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018829:Adhesins, Bacterial; D004269:DNA, Bacterial