title: Intraoperative local anaesthesia for paediatric postoperative oral surgery pain--a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: The aim of this study was to improve the pain experience for children following oral surgery under general anaesthesia. To this end, the efficacy and safety of intraoperative local anaesthetic (2% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine) for postoperative pain control was investigated. In a randomized controlled trial, 142 patients aged 12 years or less, who were scheduled for dental extractions under general anaesthesia, received local anaesthesia or saline intraoral injection after induction of anaesthesia. There was statistically no significant difference between groups for pain scores recorded preoperatively, on waking, at 30 min, at 24h, or for distress scores recorded preoperatively, on waking and at 30 min. 'Severe' pain scores were recorded for 13% of treatment and 12% of control patients and 'very severe' for 13% of treatment and 10% of control patients on waking. These rates were similar at 30 min but reduced at 24h. Lip/cheek biting injuries occurred in one control and three treatment patients. Intraoperative local anaesthesia has been found to be effective for pain control following a range of other surgical procedures, but we did not find it to be effective in reducing postoperative pain or distress in children after oral surgery. Reasons may include unfamiliarity with altered orofacial sensation.
authors.affiliation: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. paul.coulthard@man.ac.uk <paul.coulthard@man.ac.uk>
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Coulthard
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rolfe
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Mackie
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gazal
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jackson-Leech
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine