title: Anterior encephalocele associated with subependymal nodular heterotopia, cortical dysplasia and epilepsy: case report and review of the literature.
abstract: The presence of subependymal nodular heterotopia and cortical dysgenesis has been infrequently reported in patients with encephalocele. The majority of these patients were found to have posterior encephaloceles. We report a case of a Hispanic female with a frontoethmoidal encephalocele who developed epilepsy at 15 years of age. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated left subependymal nodular heterotopia, partial agenesis of the corpus callosum and left fronto-temporal cortical dysplasia with polymicrogyria. This case illustrates the association of anterior encephalocele with subependymal nodular heterotopia, cortical dysplasia and epilepsy. It underscores the importance of screening for intracranial abnormalities in patients with anterior encephalocele.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hahnemann University Hospital, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rojas
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Melvin
authors.forename: Eric N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Faerber
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Valencia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002828:Choristoma / Q000150:complications*; D004677:Encephalocele / Q000150:complications*; D004805:Ependyma / Q000473:pathology; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D012196:Review Literature as Topic