title: Principles of neuroanesthesia in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: The Helsinki experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a devastating disease that is followed by a marked stress response affecting other organs besides the brain. The aim in the management of patients with aSAH is not only to prevent rebleedings by treating the aneurysm by either microneurosurgery or endovascular surgery, but also to evacuate acute space-occupying hematomas and to treat hydrocephalus.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review is based on the experience of the authors in the management of more than 7500 patients with aSAH treated in the Department of Neurosurgery at Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The role of the neuroanesthesiologist together with the neurosurgeon may begin in the emergency department to assess and stabilize the general medical and neurologic status of the patients. Early preoperative management of patients in the NICU, prevention of rebleeding, and providing a slack brain during microneurosurgical procedures are further steps. Postoperative management, prevention, and treatment of possible medical complications and cerebrovascular spasm are as necessary as high-quality microsurgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multidisciplinary and professional teamwork is essential in the management of patients with cerebral aneurysms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroanesthesia, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00260, Finland. tarja.randell@hus.fi
authors.forename: Tarja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Randell
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niemelä
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kyttä
authors.forename: Päivi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tanskanen
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Määttänen
authors.forename: Ayse
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karatas
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dashti
authors.forename: Hu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hernesniemi
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005387:Finland; D046648:Hematoma, Subdural, Intracranial / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics