title: Burden of malaria at community level in children less than 5 years of age in Togo.
abstract: A community-based baseline cross-sectional survey was conducted in three districts in Togo in September 2004 as part of a multidisciplinary evaluation of the impact of the Togo National Integrated Child Health Campaign. During this campaign, long-lasting-insecticide-treated bed nets (LLITNs) were distributed to households with children between 9 months and 5 years of age throughout the country in December 2004. The pre-intervention survey provided baseline malaria and anemia prevalence in children < 5 years of age during peak malaria transmission. Of 2,532 enrolled children from 1,740 households, 62.2% (1,352/2,172) were parasitemic and 84.4% (2,129/2,524) were anemic (hemoglobin < 11 g/dL). Moderate-to-severe anemia (< 8.0 g/dL) was found in 21.7% (543/2,524), with a peak prevalence in children 6-17 months of age and was strongly correlated with parasitemia (OR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.8-2.5). Net ownership (mainly untreated) was 225/2,532 (8.9%). Subsequent nation-wide introduction of LLITNs and the introduction of artemisinin-based combination therapy have the potential to markedly reduce this burden of malaria.
authors.affiliation: Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. bvz9@cdc.gov
authors.forename: M James
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Eliades
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wolkon
authors.forename: Kodjo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morgah
authors.forename: Sara B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: Ameyo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dorkenoo
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sodahlon
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Hawley
authors.forename: Allen W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Hightower
authors.forename: Feiko O Ter
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Kuile
authors.forename: Dianne J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Terlouw
mesh_terms: D000740:Anemia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D001512:Bedding and Linens; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007306:Insecticides; D016015:Logistic Models; D008288:Malaria / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018512:Parasitemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011891:Rain; D014037:Togo / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides