title: Influence of ethnicity on the frequency of nasal surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether surgery for nasal obstruction differs in frequency between ethnic groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ethnicity data was collected from all patients attending otolaryngology clinic appointments and compared to census data. Odds ratios with confidence intervals were calculated for attendance at otolaryngology clinics, rhinology clinics, undergoing septoplasty, septorhinoplasty and/ or turbinate surgery for each ethnic group over a 3-year period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ethnic groups of the 39493 outpatient attendees closely mirrored demographic data from the 2001 Census. Non-Chinese Asian ethnic groups were more likely to undergo septal surgery than the general (mainly white) population (odds ratio 1.44, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.66, p < 0.00001), whereas Black groups (odds ratio 0.31 [0.23 - 0.41], p < 0.00001) and Chinese (odds ratio 0.28 [0.11 - 0.70], p = 0.00311) were much less likely. Similar results were found for rhinoplasty and turbinate surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is strong statistical evidence for large differences in the frequency of surgery for nasal obstruction between ethnic groups. Asian groups were more likely to undergo surgery, whereas Chinese and Blacks were less likely than the general population, which was predominantly white in this study. This may be due to anatomical variations, differences cultural views towards surgery, or inequalities in clinician's attitudes.
authors.affiliation: Royal National Throat Nose & Ear Hospital, London, United Kingdom. edwardchisholm@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Chisholm
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hajioff
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kotecha
mesh_terms: D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000601:surgery*; D009666:Nose / Q000601:surgery; D016017:Odds Ratio; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology