title: Anthelmintic action of plant cysteine proteinases against the rodent stomach nematode, Protospirura muricola, in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: Cysteine proteinases from the fruit and latex of plants, including papaya, pineapple and fig, were previously shown to have a rapid detrimental effect, in vitro, against the rodent gastrointestinal nematodes, Heligmosomoides polygyrus (which is found in the anterior small intestine) and Trichuris muris (which resides in the caecum). Proteinases in the crude latex of papaya also showed anthelmintic efficacy against both nematodes in vivo. In this paper, we describe the in vitro and in vivo effects of these plant extracts against the rodent nematode, Protospirura muricola, which is found in the stomach. As in earlier work, all the plant cysteine proteinases examined, with the exception of actinidain from the juice of kiwi fruit, caused rapid loss of motility and digestion of the cuticle, leading to death of the nematode in vitro. In vivo, in contrast to the efficacy against H. polygyrus and T. muris, papaya latex only showed efficacy against P. muricola adult female worms when the stomach acidity had been neutralized prior to administration of papaya latex. Therefore, collectively, our studies have demonstrated that, with the appropriate formulation, plant cysteine proteinases have efficacy against nematodes residing throughout the rodent gastrointestinal tract.
authors.affiliation: School of Biology, University of Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stepek
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Buttle
authors.forename: I R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Duce
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Behnke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000969:Antinematodal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000201:enzymology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009068:Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D010206:Papain / Q000494:pharmacology; D017205:Spirurida Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology; D013151:Spiruroidea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013270:Stomach / Q000469:parasitology*
chemical_list: D000969:Antinematodal Agents; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; C018745:actinidain; D010206:Papain