title: Vaccinia virus replication is not affected by APOBEC3 family members.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The APOBEC3G protein represents a novel innate defense mechanism against retroviral infection. It facilitates the deamination of the cytosine residues in the single stranded cDNA intermediate during early steps of retroviral infection. Most poxvirus genomes are relatively A/T-rich, which may indicate APOBEC3G-induced mutational pressure. In addition, poxviruses replicate exclusively in the cytoplasm where APOBEC3G is located. It was therefore tempting to analyze whether vaccinia virus replication is affected by APOBEC3G.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The replication of vaccinia virus, a prototype poxvirus, was not, however, inhibited in APOBEC3G-expressing cells, nor did other members of the APOBEC3 family alter vaccinia virus replication. HIV counteracts APOBEC3G by inducing its degradation. However, Western blot analysis showed that the levels of APOBEC3G protein were not affected by vaccinia virus infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data indicate that APOBEC3G is not a restriction factor for vaccinia virus replication nor is vaccinia virus able to degrade APOBEC3G.
authors.affiliation: Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Str, 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany. kreme@pei.de
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kremer
authors.forename: Yasemin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suezer
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Martinez-Fernandez
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Münk
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sutter
authors.forename: Barbara S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Schnierle
mesh_terms: D000071478:APOBEC Deaminases; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D006224:Cricetinae; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase / Q000276:immunology*; D043525:Cytosine Deaminase / Q000502:physiology*; D004261:DNA Replication; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D051379:Mice; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D011817:Rabbits; D014162:Transfection; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D043525:Cytosine Deaminase; D000071478:APOBEC Deaminases; C502889:APOBEC3 proteins, human; C503504:Apobec3 protein, mouse; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase