title: The role of cyclic-AMP on arginase activity by a murine macrophage cell line (RAW264.7) stimulated with lipopolysaccharide from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to determine the role of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) on arginase activity in a murine macrophage cell line (RAW264.7 cells) stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cells were treated with A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS for 24 h. The effects of SQ22536 (an adenylyl cyclase inhibitor), ODQ (a guanylyl cyclase inhibitor), dibutyryl cAMP (a cAMP analog), 8-bromo cyclic guanosine monophosphate (a cGMP analog), forskolin (an adenylyl cylase activator), and cycloheximide (a protein synthesis inhibitor) on arginase activity in A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells were also determined. Arginase activity was assessed in LPS-stimulated cells in the presence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), siguazodan and rolipram [phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors] as well as KT5720 [a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor].
  
  
  RESULTS
  Arginase activity in A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells was suppressed by SQ22536 but not ODQ. Enhancement of arginase activity was observed in the presence of cAMP analog or forskolin but not cGMP analog. Cycloheximide blocked arginase activity in the cells in the presence of cAMP analog or forskolin with or without A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS. IBMX augmented arginase activity in A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS-stimulated cells. Rolipram (a PDE4 inhibitor) increased the levels of arginase activity higher than siguazodan (a PDE3 inhibitor) in the antigen-stimulated cells. The effect of cAMP analog or forskolin on arginase activity in the presence or absence of A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS was blocked by the PKA inhibitor (KT5720).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study suggest that A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS may stimulate arginase activity in murine macrophages (RAW264.7 cells) in a cAMP-PKA-dependent pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia. wsosroseno@yahoo.com
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sosroseno
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Musa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ravichandran
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fikri Ibrahim
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Bird
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Seymour
mesh_terms: D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D001119:Arginase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000502:physiology*; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D051379:Mice; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D005576:Colforsin; D003513:Cycloheximide; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D001119:Arginase; D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine