title: Smoking-induced olfactory dysfunction in chronic sinusitis and assessment of brief University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test and T&T methods.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate the outcome of smell activity after endoscopic sinus surgery in chronic sinusitis, it is important to verify evidence of smoking-induced olfactory dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  In both the preoperative and the postoperative stages, the 5-odorant T&T olfactometer (T&T5) and the 40-item University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT40) were administered to 100 patients (84 men and 16 women; mean age, 49.5 years; range, 21-75 years) who underwent surgery for chronic sinusitis. Additionally, as more simplified measures, we adopted a 3-odorant T&T (T&T3) and a 12-item UPSIT (UPSIT12), and then compared findings with those of each original method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) Obvious correlations of scores were noticed both between T&T5 and T&T3 and between UPSIT40 and UPSIT12 (r = 0.964 and 0.893, respectively), (2) significant changes in postoperative scores were observed on all four measurements (p < 0.0001), (3) smoking-induced hyposmia was noticeable in older subjects but not in younger subjects, and (4) the correlations of postoperative scores and the age of smoker or the smoking dose was significant (UPSIT40, r = 0.825 or 0.642; UPSIT12, r = 0.666 or 0.428; T&T5, r = 0.447 or 0.476; T&T3, r = 0.457 or 0.500, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The abbreviated measures of T&T3 and UPSIT12 could be available enough to assess the effect of surgical intervention on olfaction, while the original UPSIT40 was considered to be the most sensitive among the four methods tested here for examining the impact of smoking on olfaction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya, Japan. naruji01@lilac.ocn.ne.jp
authors.forename: Kazuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Naruji
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: Motohiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murakami
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000379:methods*; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000857:Olfaction Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D012903:Smell; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*