title: Studying the effects of reaction conditions on components of dairy manure and cellulose accumulation using dilute acid treatment.
abstract: The objectives of this study were to statistically study the effects of reaction conditions of temperature, acid concentration, and reaction time on manure components of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and nitrogen during dilute acid treatment of dairy manure; and to further optimize the accumulation of cellulose for later enzymatic conversion to glucose. A 2(3) full factorial design was adopted to investigate the effects of the reaction conditions on each individual component and later followed by a 3-factor central composite design which was used to obtain the optimal conditions for cellulose accumulation. The results indicated that acid was the most important factor for changes of all the components. The results also showed that two other individual factors, reaction time and temperature, as well as the interactions among all three factors had significant influences on the changes. In addition, the optimal conditions for cellulose accumulation were 2.8h reaction time, 140 degrees C reaction temperature, and 1.0% acid concentration. Under these conditions cellulose content reached 31.0% while hemicellulose, lignin and nitrogen content were 3.2%, 20.8% and 2.4%, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Systems Engineering and Center for Multiphase Environmental Research, Washington State University, L.J. Smith 213, Pullman, WA 99163, United States.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhiyou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Frear
authors.forename: Shulin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D003612:Dairying; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry; D008372:Manure; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry; D012037:Refuse Disposal; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D008372:Manure; D011134:Polysaccharides; C007916:hemicellulose; D002482:Cellulose; D008031:Lignin; D009584:Nitrogen