title: Target-controlled infusion during monitored anesthesia care in patients undergoing EUS: propofol alone versus midazolam plus propofol. A prospective double-blind randomised controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been speculated that midazolam may be effective in reducing the required dose of propofol during sedation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the sparing effect of midazolam during target-controlled propofol infusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred-seventy patients undergoing upper endoscopic ultrasound were randomised to receive sedation with propofol plus placebo (group A) or plus midazolam (group B). Outcome parameters were the procedure duration, the discharge time and the satisfaction of patients, operator and nurse about the quality of sedation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean propofol dose administered was 364+/-207 mg in group A and 394+/-204 mg in group B. Mean procedure duration (group A: 32+/-17 min, group B: 35+/-22 min) and discharge time (group A: 39+/-30 min, group B: 38+/-24 min) were similar in both groups. No severe complications were observed. The quality of sedation was judged satisfactory for all patients by both the endoscopist and the nurse assistant without any difference between the two groups. No patient remembered the procedure or reported it as unpleasant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Target-controlled propofol infusion provides safe and effective sedation; premedication with low dose of midazolam does not reduce the total amount of propofol administered. Further studies are needed to compare propofol alone with propofol co-administered with opioid.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fanti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Agostoni
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Arcidiacono
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Albertin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Strini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carrara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guslandi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Torri
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Testoni
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D005773:Gastroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007260:Infusion Pumps; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D004338:Drug Combinations; D008874:Midazolam; D015742:Propofol