title: Piascledine modulates the production of VEGF and TIMP-1 and reduces the invasiveness of rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), hypertrophy of the synovial membrane generates a tumour-like pannus that invades the joint cavity and erodes cartilage and bone. Invasion of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is accompanied by angiogenesis, in which vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), produced by synoviocytes lining the pannus, have a primary role. Piascledine (PSD) is used in the treatment of osteoarthritis and has anti-inflammatory effects in vitro.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of PSD on levels of VEGF and TIMP-1 and chemoinvasion in RA synoviocytes and healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of PSD 5, 10, and 20 microg/mL were evaluated, with/without interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) 20 ng/mL, on synoviocytes. The levels of VEGF and TIMP-1 were assayed in the culture medium by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Chemoinvasion was measured by the Boyden chamber invasion assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RA synoviocytes treated with PSD showed, compared to basal, lower levels of VEGF (41080+/-830 vs. 79210+/-920 pg/106 cells, p<0.001) and increased levels of TIMP-1 (23540+/-93.2 vs. 12860+/-42.9 ng/106 cells, p<0.001). PSD decreased dose-dependently IL-1beta and TNFalpha induced migration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In RA synoviocytes, and also to a lesser extent in control cells, PSD modulates VEGF and TIMP-1 and decreases chemoinvasion. PSD might have a role in the treatment of RA synovitis controlling invasiveness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Medicine and Rheumatology, AOUC, University of Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cinelli
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guiducci
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Del Rosso
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pignone
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Del Rosso
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fibbi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Serratì
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gabrielli
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giacomelli
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Piccardi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matucci Cerinic
mesh_terms: D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000494:pharmacology; D010840:Phytosterols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D010840:Phytosterols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C003884:piascledine; D014810:Vitamin E