title: Phylogenetic analysis of foot-and-mouth disease virus type O re-emerging in free areas of South America.
abstract: The nucleotide sequences of the complete VP(1)-coding region of foot-and-mouth disease viruses (FMDV), type O, isolated during the recent emergencies of the disease in free areas of South America (Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, October 2005, and Corrientes, Argentina, February 2006), were determined. Also established were the complete VP(1)-coding sequences of viruses occurring in neighbouring locations between the years 2000 and 2003. A phylogenetic analysis was performed based on comparison with continental relevant field and vaccine strains, as well as with extra-continental representative viruses. The results show that the emergencies in Argentina and Brazil were caused by viruses presenting 93% genetic relatedness. Both variants are endogenous to South America, as they were placed within the Europe-South America topotype. When compared with the continental viruses available for the phylogenetic studies, they show the closest relationship with viruses responsible for previous emergencies in neighbouring free areas, or for sporadic outbreaks in the adjacent places with advanced eradication stages, presenting similarity values of at least 90% among them, and clustering together in a unique lineage. This lineage represents the only one sporadically appearing in the Southern Cone and differs from those including viruses presently circulating in the Andean region, reflecting the different livestock circuits and epidemiological scenarios.
authors.affiliation: Pan American Foot-and-Mouth Disease Center (PAHO/WHO), Av. Presidente Kennedy, 7778 Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 25040-004, Brazil.
authors.forename: Viviana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Malirat
authors.forename: José Júnior França
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: de Barros
authors.forename: Ingrid Evelyn
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Bergmann
authors.forename: Renata de Mendonça
authors.initials: Rde M
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Neitzert
authors.forename: Eliane Veiga
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: da Costa
authors.forename: Edson Elias
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Abraham Jaime
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Falczuk
authors.forename: Diana Sione Barbosa
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: de Vergara
authors.forename: José Luis Quiroga
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cirvera
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maradei
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Di Landro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005536:Foot-and-Mouth Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D029544:Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005843:Geography; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013020:South America / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; D012367:RNA, Viral; C442501:VP1 protein, Foot-and-mouth disease virus