title: Impaired phagocytosis of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae by human alveolar macrophages in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interactions of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) with human alveolar macrophages are implicated in the persistence of NTHI in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the immunologic mechanisms that mediate NTHI-induced macrophage responses are poorly understood. We hypothesized that immunologic responses of alveolar macrophages to NTHI are impaired in COPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood and alveolar macrophages--obtained from ex-smokers with COPD (n = 14), ex-smokers without COPD (n = 15), and nonsmokers (n = 9)--were incubated with 3 distinct NTHI strains obtained from patients with COPD. Phagocytosis of 3H-NTHI, expressed as a percentage of the mean total radioactivity, and of intracellular viability, assessed as a percentage of viable cell-associated NTHI, were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alveolar macrophages from donors with COPD, compared with those from donors without COPD, had impaired phagocytosis (median [interquartile range]) for each NTHI strain: 14P13H5, 0.26 (0.08-0.61) versus 1.36 (0.69-1.95); 6P5H1, 0.92 (0.32-1.82) versus 1.90 (1.32-2.68); and 14P14H1, 0.79 (0.23-1.32) versus 2.13 (1.13-2.40) (P < or = .01 for each). However, phagocytosis of all NTHI strains by blood macrophages from donors with COPD was indistinguishable from that of blood macrophages from donors without COPD and from nonsmokers. The intracellular killing of NTHI was not impaired in alveolar macrophages from donors with COPD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results support a paradigm of impaired phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages, but not blood macrophages, in COPD and provide an immunologic basis for persistence of NTHI in the airways of adults with COPD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare System, State University of New York at Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA. berenson@acsu.buffalo.edu
authors.forename: Charles S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Berenson
authors.forename: Mary Alice
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Garlipp
authors.forename: Lori J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Grove
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maloney
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sethi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D050296:Microbial Viability; D008875:Middle Aged; D010587:Phagocytosis; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D013223:Statistics as Topic