title: Birth and life of tissue macrophages and their migration in embryogenesis and inflammation in medaka.
abstract: Macrophages detecting and migrating toward sites of injury and infection represent one of the first steps in an immune response. Here we directly image macrophage birth and migration in vivo in transgenic medaka fish. Macrophages are born as frequently dividing, immotile cells with spherical morphology that differentiate into flat, highly motile cells. They retain mitotic activity while spreading over the entire body. Cells follow restricted paths not only in directed migration, but also during patrolling. Along those paths the macrophages rapidly patrol the tissue and respond to wounding and bacterial infection from long distances. Upon injury they increase their speed and migratory persistence. Specifically targeting PI3-kinase isoforms efficiently blocks the wounding response and results in a distinct inhibition of cell motility and chemotaxis. Our study provides in situ insights into the properties of immature and migratory macrophages and presents a unique model to further test modulating compounds in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Clemens
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grabher
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cliffe
authors.forename: Kota
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hayflick
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pepperkok
authors.forename: Pernille
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rørth
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wittbrodt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D002633:Chemotaxis; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000502:physiology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000502:physiology*; D009990:Oryzias / Q000276:immunology*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases