title: A novel composite nanofiltration (NF) membrane prepared from graft copolymer of trimethylallyl ammonium chloride onto chitosan (GCTACC)/poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) by epichlorohydrin cross-linking.
abstract: A novel composite nanofiltration (NF) membrane was prepared by over-coating the PAN ultrafiltration (UF) membrane with a GCTACC thin layer. The effects of membrane preparation techniques and operating conditions on the performance of the composite membrane were studied. The results indicate that a composite NF membrane from 1.0wt% GCTACC casting solution, vaporized for 2h at 50 degrees C, cross-linked for 20h at 50 degrees C and pH approximately 12 with ethanol/epichlorohydrin (50/0.45 wt/wt) had optimum performance. The resultant GCTACC/PAN composite membrane was positively charged. Scanning electron microscopy showed its asymmetric and composite features. At 25 degrees C and 30L/h of cycling flow, the permeability of pure water through this membrane is 6.3L/hm(2)MPa. At 25 degrees C, 1.2MPa and 30L/h of cycling flow, the rejection of 1000mg/L MgCl(2), CaCl(2), MgSO(4), Na(2)SO(4), and NaCl solutions is 0.976, 0.972, 0.897, 0.65, and 0.407, respectively, with fluxes of 6.8, 6.12, 6.12, 5.57, and 5.51L/hm(2), respectively. The order of rejection of different salts follows the decreasing order of MgCl(2), CaCl(2), MgSO(4), NaCl, KCl, Na(2)SO(4), and K(2)SO(4), which reveals the characteristics of the positively charged NF membrane. In addition, the curve for the streaming potential also illustrates the positively charged characteristics of this membrane, with a pressure osmotic coefficient of 11.7mVMPa(-1).
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China. huangrh20022002@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Ruihua
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Guohua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Mingkun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Congjie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000181:Acrylonitrile / Q000737:chemistry; D048271:Chitosan / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry*; D004811:Epichlorohydrin / Q000737:chemistry; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D010539:Permeability; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D014462:Ultrafiltration / Q000145:classification; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; C508427:PEG-graft-trimethyl-chitosan copolymer; D011108:Polymers; D014867:Water; D004811:Epichlorohydrin; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D048271:Chitosan; D000181:Acrylonitrile