title: Ipsilateral arthrodesis of the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of the hallux.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Arthrodesis of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the hallux is frequently used for treatment of a variety of disorders. However, occasionally patients who have complex deformities or degenerative changes of the hallux require reconstruction of both the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints. There is concern that arthrodesis of both the metatarsophalangeal and ipsilateral interphalangeal joints could be problematic, interfering with the toe-off phase of gait or with shoewear.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective evaluation of seven feet in five patients who had simultaneous arthrodesis of the metatarsophalangeal and ipsilateral interphalangeal joints of the hallux was undertaken. These cases represented all the patients who had this procedure within the practice of three orthopaedic foot and ankle specialists, totaling over 50 surgeon-years of experience. The indication for surgery in all patients was moderate to severe pain with ambulation with severe fixed deformity of both the interphalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints of the hallux. All patients had pain that limited their ambulation and interfered with their daily activities. All patients required modified shoewear to accommodate their foot deformity. The mean age of patients was 53 years. The patients were evaluated by questionnaire and radiographic examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At an average of 46 months followup, all patients had resolution of their pain and were able to wear nonprescription shoes. All had limitations that interfered with full athletic activities but had no limitation of daily activities. Three patients who were employed returned to their occupations and two who were not employed were able to continue housework.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Arthrodesis of the metatarsophalangeal and ipsilateral interphalangeal joints of the hallux results in painless function in patients with moderate demands.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA. msmmdltjg@aol.com
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Mizel
authors.forename: Richard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: Brett R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.forename: H Thomas
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Temple
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000601:surgery; D001174:Arthrodesis / Q000379:methods*; D004651:Employment; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005530:Foot Deformities / Q000601:surgery; D006214:Hallux / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008683:Metatarsophalangeal Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012775:Shoes; D014033:Toe Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology