title: An oral adsorbent, AST-120, suppresses oxidative stress in uremic rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been suggested to play an important role in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). An oral adsorbent, AST-120, removes uremic toxins such as indoxyl sulfate (IS) and delays the progression of CKD, but the effect on ROS production is unknown. The present study aimed to determine whether AST-120 reduces oxidative stress in uremic rat kidneys using markers of ROS production such as acrolein and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Daily administration of AST-120 was started 6 weeks after 5/6 nephrectomy and continued for 18 weeks. The changes in metabolic data, serum and urine IS levels, urinary excretion of markers of oxidative stress, and renal histological findings were investigated in uremic rats with or without AST-120 treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In parallel with the increase in serum and urine IS, the serum creatinine, urinary protein and acrolein levels started to increase at 6 weeks, but urinary 8-OHdG remained unchanged and significantly increased at 18 weeks in uremic rats. AST-120 markedly and significantly attenuated increases in uremic toxins and oxidative stress levels as well as the histological changes in glomerular sclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, and the tubular staining of 8-OHdG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AST-120 suppressed the progression of CKD, at least in part, via attenuation of oxidative stress induced by uremic toxin.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hasebe
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sumitomo
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujino
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fukuzawa
authors.forename: Tomoya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirayama
authors.forename: Kenjiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000171:Acrolein / Q000652:urine; D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D002244:Carbon / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010087:Oxides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014511:Uremia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D010087:Oxides; D002244:Carbon; D000171:Acrolein; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; C040896:AST 120; D003849:Deoxyguanosine