title: The management of refractory status epilepticus: an update.
abstract: Refractory status epilepticus (RSE) is an important and serious clinical problem that typically requires prolonged and high-level intensive care, and is often associated with poor outcome. This review addresses some of the current issues concerning the management of RSE, including recent definitions used for clinical studies, epidemiology, clinical course, and outcome. Current approaches to treatment, including the now relatively standard use of intravenous anesthetic agents, as well as emerging therapies utilizing drugs such as valproate and topiramate, are discussed as well.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. lowenstein@medsch.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Daniel H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lowenstein
mesh_terms: D000777:Anesthetics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003663:Decision Trees; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005632:Fructose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019538:Health Care Surveys / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D000077236:Topiramate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000077236:Topiramate; D005632:Fructose; D014635:Valproic Acid