title: The natural history of neurological manganism over 18 years.
abstract: We investigated the clinical features and progression of four patients with chronic manganese intoxication, 18 years after cessation of exposure. Because the results were to be compared with previous observations, we employed the same scoring system. The clinical manifestations were foot dystonia, wide based gait, rigidity, and difficulty in walking backwards. Resting tremor was rarely seen, but tongue tremor was found in 2 patients. The asymmetry initially present in 2 patients persisted 18 years later. Measurements had previously revealed rapid progression in the initial 10 years. We found a plateau over the following decade.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and University, Taipei, Taiwan. cch0537@adm.cgmh.org.tw
authors.forename: C-C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: N-S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: C-S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: R-S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schulzer
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Calne
mesh_terms: D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D020149:Manganese Poisoning / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged