title: Epithelial microchimerism: consistent finding in human liver transplants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Eleven liver biopsies from six male patients who received a liver transplant (LT) from female donors were examined in order to determine whether male host-derived hepatic cells were present in female grafts that exhibited minimal or important inflammatory damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemistry for epithelial cell type differentiation (anticytokeratin monoclonal antibody) and fluorescence in situ hybridization for XY chromosomes identification were performed on each slide.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Host-derived hepatic cells were found in all except one transplant, with a frequency ranging from 2.3 to 25 per thousand of the total hepatocytes in the biopsy specimen. They were usually found as isolated cells scattered throughout the hepatic lobule; in one patient they were grouped into little clusters. Host-derived hepatic cells persisted throughout the histological follow up (up to 535 days after LT). Polyploidy for XY chromosome was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hepatocytes derived from extra-hepatic stem cells are frequently found in small numbers in human liver grafts and persist over time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy. silvia.gaia@fastwebnet.it
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gaia
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cappia
authors.forename: Antonina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smedile
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bacillo
authors.forename: Ezio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gaia
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gubetta
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rizzetto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D046528:Chimerism; D041321:Chromosomes, Human, X / Q000235:genetics; D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y / Q000235:genetics; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011123:Polyploidy; D012189:Retrospective Studies