title: Clinical evidence of intrauterine disturbance in Prader-Willi syndrome, a genetically imprinted neurodevelopmental disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Imprinted genes are considered to play an important role in growth and early development but much of the research is based on animal studies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study reports clinical data from a French population concerning prenatal, perinatal and postnatal complications in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), a genetically imprinted neurodevelopmental disorder associated with growth retardation, intellectual impairment and obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from family health records concerning prenatal, perinatal and postnatal complications were collected from 52 French people with the deletion form (DEL), and 34 French people with the maternal disomy form of PWS (UPD) and compared against national norms and between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant findings include: a history of miscarriage, high rate of polyhydramnios (12/34 UPD, 11/52 DEL), a high rate of induced labour, a high rate of Caesarian section (20/34 UPD, 26/52 DEL), small gestational age (10/34 UPD, 22/52 DEL), hypotonia (34/34 UPD, 49/52 DEL), and suckling deficit (25/34 UPD, 46/52 DEL). Significant differences between genetic subtypes include a higher rate of induced labour in UPD (27/34 UPD, 25/52 DEL), an increased risk of premature term in UPD (9/34 UPD vs. 4/52 DEL), raised maternal age in UPD (36.4 years vs. 29.3 years), low birth weight for newborns with a deletion form of PWS (girls 2.8 kg, boys 2.7 kg), a positive correlation between parental weight and offspring birth weight only for patients with UPD (UPD maternal: r=0.62, paternal: r=0.51).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate significant intrauterine disturbance in PWS, particularly in PWS due to UPD, but a more significant weight disturbance for PWS due to deletion.
authors.affiliation: NMDA, UMR CNRS 6156, Intitut de Biologie Moléculaire de Luminy (IBDML), Campus de Luminy, Case 907, 13288 Marseille, France. odudley@ibdml.univ-mrs.fr
authors.forename: Oenone
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dudley
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Muscatelli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D018392:Genomic Imprinting; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011218:Prader-Willi Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications
chemical_list: D004247:DNA