title: Partial hepatectomy as first-line treatment for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Partial hepatectomy (PH) and liver transplantation (LT) compete as first-line treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A prospectively collected database was retrospectively reviewed to establish when PH can compete with LT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1991 and 2002, PH was performed in 131 cases of HCC (Child-Pugh A-B, technically resectable tumor without metastases). To ascertain patient survival after PH, we compared this series with a group of 40 HCC patients (G1-G2 HCC with no gross vascular invasion or metastasis) enlisted for liver transplantation during the same period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 1-, 3-, and 5-year intention-to-treat survival rates were 75%, 52%, and 31% for resection and 89%, 71%, and 63% for transplantation. Two tumor-related variables (gross vascular invasion and histological grade) and three liver function parameters (Child-Pugh score, bilirubin, Okuda stage) proved to be independent predictors of survival after resection, whereas nodule size and number, and Milan criteria did not. The 5-year survival of the best candidates for resection (favorable tumor biology with very well preserved liver function, n = 52) was 58%. On a descriptive basis alone, this result did not differ significantly from the outcome in LT patients. PH patients with a poorly differentiated tumor and/or gross vascular invasion (n = 28) had the worst outcome, irrespective of their liver function parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For technically resectable tumors without aggressive features (G3 or macroscopic vascular invasion), PH can only compete with LT, in terms of long-term survival, when patients with a well-preserved liver function are selected.
authors.affiliation: Unità di chirurgia epatobiliare e trapianto di fegato, Dipartimento assistenziale di chirurgia generale e trapianti d'organo, University of Padua, School of Medicine, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Cillo
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vitale
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brolese
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zanus
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Neri
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valmasoni
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bonsignore
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grigoletto
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Burra
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Farinati
authors.forename: Davide Francesco
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: D'Amico
mesh_terms: D001663:Bilirubin / Q000032:analysis; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D018579:Patient Selection; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D001663:Bilirubin