title: Glutamate NMDA receptors within the amygdala participate in the modulatory effect of glucocorticoids on extinction of conditioned fear in rats.
abstract: Recent results show that brain glucocorticoids are involved in the dysregulation of fear memory extinction in post-traumatic stress disorder patients. The present study was aimed to elucidate the possible mechanism of glucocorticoids on the conditioned fear extinction. To achieve these goals, male SD rats, fear-potentiated startle paradigm, and Western blot were used. We found that (1) systemic administration of the synthetic glucocorticoid agonist dexamethasone (DEX) facilitated extinction of conditioned fear in a dose-dependent manner (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/kg, i.p.); (2) systemic administration of the glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist (+/-)-HA966 (6.0 mg/kg, i.p.) and intra-amygdala infusion of the NMDA receptor antagonists MK801 (0.5 ng/side, bilaterally) or D,L-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (AP5, 2.0 ng/side, bilaterally) blocked the DEX facilitation effect; (3) the corticosteroid synthesis inhibitor metyrapone (25 mg/kg. s.c.) blocked extinction and this was prevented by co-administration of NMDA receptor agonist D-cycloserine (DCS, 5.0 mg/kg, i.p.); (4) co-administration of DEX and DCS in subthreshold doses provided a synergistic facilitation effect on extinction (0.2 and 5 mg/kg, respectively). Control experiments indicated that co-administration of DEX and DCS did not alter the expression of conditioned fear and the effect was not due to lasting damage to the amygdala. These results suggest that glutamate NMDA receptors within the amygdala participate in the modulatory effect of glucocorticoids on extinction.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biotechnology, National Chia-Yi University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Po-Kuan
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Long-Sun
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Ro
authors.forename: Yu-Yuan P
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Wo
authors.forename: Kwok-Tung
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000679:Amygdala / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005108:Extinction, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005239:Fear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008797:Metyrapone / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D003907:Dexamethasone; D008797:Metyrapone