title: Importance of surgical timing on postoperative outcome in patients with native valve acute endocarditis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study was undertaken to establish whether surgical outcome could be influenced by surgical timing in patients affected by native valve endocarditis (NVE).
  
  
  METHODS
  From March 2002 to December 2004, 19 patients underwent surgical operation for NVE. Aortic valve replacement (AVR) was performed in ten patients (53%), mitral valve repair (MVRep) was performed in five patients (26%) and multivalvular procedures were performed in the remaining four patients (21%). In three patients (15.5%), emergency surgery was required for refractory congestive heart failure, urgent surgery was necessary in ten patients [in six patients (31%) for paravalvular abscess, in three patients (15.5%) for macrovegetations and in one patient (6%) for systemic embolism, respectively], five patients (26.3%) with isolated valve incompetence underwent elective surgery, whereas delayed surgery was reserved for one patient (6%) because of pre-operative embolic stroke.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no surgical procedure, cardiac or infectious related deaths at 30 days in the entire group. One patient died from an intravenous overdose. Follow-up was 100% complete in the 18 hospital survivors and ranged from 4 to 37 months (mean 14.2 +/- 10 months). There were no late death, recurrence of endocarditis, or re-operation at follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The surgical results for NVE are excellent if surgical timing criteria are correctly applied during the acute phase of the infectious process. Immediate surgical correction is required when rapid hemodynamic deterioration occurs whereas a more aggressive surgical approach appears to be advisable in the case of paravalvular abscess, macrovegetations or systemic embolism. Delayed surgery is recommended when pre-operative stroke develops.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Italy. v.borghetti@aospterni.it
authors.forename: Valentino
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Borghetti
authors.forename: Daniella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bovelli
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: D'Addario
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fiaschini
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fioriello
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nardi
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cappanera
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pardini
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery*; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D012107:Research Design; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome