title: Effect of a stiff lifting belt on spine compression during lifting.
abstract: METHODS
  An in vivo study on weightlifters.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if and how a stiff back belt affects spinal compression forces in weightlifting.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  In weightlifting, a back belt has been reported to enhance intraabdominal pressure (IAP) and to reduce back muscle EMG and spinal compression forces.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine experienced weightlifters lifted barbells up to 75% body weight while inhaling and wearing a belt, inhaling and not wearing a belt, and exhaling and wearing a belt. IAP, trunk muscle EMG, ground reaction forces, and kinematics were measured. An EMG-assisted trunk model, including IAP effects, was used to calculate spinal compression and shear forces and to reveal the contribution of back muscles, abdominal muscles, and IAP to moment generation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The belt reduced compression forces by about 10%, but only when inhaling before lifting. The moment generated by IAP increased when wearing a belt and inhaling, but this moment was small and the increase was largely negated by the flexing moment generated by abdominal muscles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Wearing a tight and stiff back belt while inhaling before lifting reduces spine loading. This is caused by a moment generated by the belt rather than by the IAP.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands. I_KINGMA@FBW.VU.NL
authors.forename: Idsart
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kingma
authors.forename: Gert S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Faber
authors.forename: Edin K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Suwarganda
authors.forename: Tom B M
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Bruijnen
authors.forename: Rob J A
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Jaap H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: van Dieën
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D011482:Protective Devices; D013131:Spine / Q000502:physiology*; D014891:Weight Lifting / Q000502:physiology*; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology