title: FtcR is a new master regulator of the flagellar system of Brucella melitensis 16M with homologs in Rhizobiaceae.
abstract: The flagellar regulon of Brucella melitensis 16M contains 31 genes clustered in three loci on the small chromosome. These genes encode a polar sheathed flagellum that is transiently expressed during vegetative growth and required for persistent infection in a mouse model. By following the expression of three flagellar genes (fliF, flgE, and fliC, corresponding to the MS ring, hook, and filament monomer, respectively), we identified a new regulator gene, ftcR (flagellar two-component regulator). Inactivation of ftcR led to a decrease in flagellar gene expression and to impaired Brucella virulence. FtcR has a two-component response regulator domain as well a DNA binding domain and is encoded in the first flagellar locus of B. melitensis. Both the ftcR sequence and its genomic context are conserved in other related alpha-proteobacteria. During vegetative growth in rich medium, ftcR expression showed a peak during the early exponential phase that paralleled fliF gene expression. VjbR, a quorum-sensing regulator of the LuxR family, was previously found to control fliF and flgE gene expression. Here, we provide some new elements suggesting that the effect of VjbR on these flagellar genes is mediated by FtcR. We found that ftcR expression is partially under the control of VjbR and that the expression in trans of ftcR in a vjbR mutant restored the production of the hook protein (FlgE). Finally, FtcR binds directly to the upstream region of the fliF gene. Therefore, our data support the role of FtcR as a flagellar master regulator in B. melitensis and perhaps in other related alpha-proteobacteria.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Recherche en Biologie Moléculaire, Laboratoire d'Immunologie-Microbiologie, Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Namur, Belgium.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Léonard
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferooz
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Haine
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Danese
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fretin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tibor
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Walque
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: De Bolle
authors.forename: J-J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Letesson
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D017347:Brucella melitensis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D005407:Flagella / Q000235:genetics*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018085:Regulon; D012230:Rhizobiaceae; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C097681:FlgE protein, Bacteria; C075661:Flif protein, Bacteria; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C117211:flgFG protein, bacteria