title: Protein S-100 and neuropsychological functioning following severe traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between serum concentrations of protein S-100beta and neuropsychological functioning following severe traumatic brain injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Matched control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were taken within 12 hours of injury and then daily up to 7 days post-injury (n=23). Within 2 weeks of emerging from post-traumatic amnesia (PTA), participants completed a battery of neuropsychological measures. These results were compared with a matched sample of healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Early measurement of S-100 not only reflected overall brain injury severity, but also related to neuropsychological deficits, with higher serum concentrations associated with poorer performance across most cognitive domains. PTA duration, measured by the Westmead PTA Scale, was found to be the strongest predictor of S-100 concentration (R2=0.59, p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings show that measurement of serum protein S-100 may further aid in the identification of individuals with severe TBI who are likely to experience cognitive difficulties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, and Brain Injury Rehabilitation Service, Department of Neurosurgery, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Sharon E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Watt
authors.forename: E Arthur
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Shores
authors.forename: Ian J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Baguley
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dorsch
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Fearnside
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000647:Amnesia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000097:blood* / Q000523:psychology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009418:S100 Proteins