title: Preventive effect of tetramethylpyrazine on intestinal mucosal injury in rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the role of microcirculatory disorder (MCD) and the therapeutic effectiveness of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on intestinal mucosa injury in rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 192 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group (C group), ANP group not treated with TMP (P group), ANP group treated with TMP (T group). An ANP model was induced by injection of 50 g/L sodium taurocholate under the pancreatic membrane (4 mL/kg). C group received isovolumetric injection of 9 g/L physiological saline solution using the same method. T group received injection of TMP (10 mL/kg) via portal vein. Radioactive biomicrosphere technique was used to measure the blood flow at 0.5, 2, 6 and 12 h after the induction of ANP. Samples of pancreas, distal ileum were collected to observe pathological changes using a validated histology score. Intestinal tissues were also used for examination of myeloperoxidase (MPO) expressed intracellularly in azurophilic granules of neutrophils.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The blood flow was significantly lower in P group than in C group (P < 0.01). The pathological changes were aggravated significantly in P group. The longer the time, the severer the pathological changes. The intestinal MPO activities were significantly higher in P group than in C group (P < 0.01). The blood flow of intestine was significantly higher in T group than in P group after 2 h (P < 0.01). The pathological changes were alleviated significantly in T group. MPO activities were significantly lower in T group than in P group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between intestinal blood flow and MPO activity (r = -0.981, P < 0.01) as well as between intestinal blood flow and pathologic scores (r = -0.922, P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MCD is an important factor for intestinal injury in ANP. TMP can ameliorate the condition of MCD and the damage to pancreas and intestine.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu Province, China. dscgu@ujs.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jian-Xin
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Sheng-Chun
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Dang
authors.forename: Jian-Guo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Xue-Qing
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D010179:Pancreas / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D019283:Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D011719:Pyrazines; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009195:Peroxidase; C017953:tetramethylpyrazine