title: Appetite sensations and satiety quotient: predictors of energy intake and weight loss.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to further evaluate the validity and clinical meaningfulness of appetite sensations to predict overall energy intake as well as body weight loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  Men (n = 176) and women (n = 139) involved in six weight loss studies were selected to participate in this study. Visual analogue scales were used to measure appetite sensations before and after a fixed test meal. Fasting appetite sensations, 1 h post-prandial area under the curve (AUC) and the satiety quotient (SQ) were used as predictors of energy intake and body weight loss. Two separate measures of energy intake were used: a buffet style ad libitum test lunch and a three-day self-report dietary record.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One-hour post-prandial AUC for all appetite sensations represented the strongest predictors of ad libitum test lunch energy intake (p < or = 0.001). These associations were more consistent and pronounced for women than men. Only SQ for fullness was associated with ad libitum test lunch energy intake in women. Similar but weaker relationships were found between appetite sensations and the 3-day self-reported energy intake. Weight loss was associated with changes in appetite sensations (p < or = 0.01) and the best predictors of body weight loss were fasting desire to eat; hunger; and PFC (p < or = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that appetite sensations are relatively useful predictors of spontaneous energy intake, free-living total energy intake and body weight loss. They also confirm that SQ for fullness predicts energy intake, at least in women.
authors.affiliation: Division of Kinesiology, Laval University and Laval Hospital Research Center, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4.
authors.forename: Vicky
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Drapeau
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hetherington
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Doucet
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blundell
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tremblay
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001066:Appetite / Q000502:physiology*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012528:Satiety Response / Q000502:physiology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D015431:Weight Loss