title: Changing pattern of human listeriosis, England and Wales, 2001-2004.
abstract: Microbiologic and epidemiologic data on 1,933 cases of human listeriosis reported in England and Wales from 1990 to 2004 were reviewed. A substantial increase in incidence occurred from 2001 to 2004. Ten clusters (60 cases), likely to represent common-source outbreaks, were detected. However, these clusters did not account for the upsurge in incidence, which occurred sporadically, predominantly in patients > or =60 years of age with bacteremia and which was independent of sex; regional, seasonal, ethnic, or socioeconomic differences; underlying conditions; or Listeria monocytogenes subtype. The reasons for the increase are not known, but since multiple L. monocytogenes strains were responsible, this upsurge is unlikely to be due to a common-source outbreak. In the absence of risk factors for listeriosis in this emerging at-risk sector of the population, dietary advice on avoiding high-risk foods should be provided routinely to the elderly and immunocompromised, not just to pregnant women.
authors.affiliation: Health Protection Agency, London, United Kingdom. iain.gillespie@hpa.org.uk
authors.forename: Iain A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Gillespie
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McLauchlin
authors.forename: Kathie A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: Christine L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: Vina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mithani
authors.forename: Celia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Penman
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: Martyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Regan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008088:Listeriosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D014852:Wales / Q000453:epidemiology