title: Genetics of Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism.
abstract: Until 10 years ago, conventional wisdom held that Parkinson's disease was not a genetic disorder. Since that time, there have been a plethora of genetic findings, culminating in the cloning of several genes that derive from the loci given the nomenclature PARK1-PARK12 (OMIM 168600). Recently, these research findings have begun to impact clinical practice, and this impact is likely to increase. The primary purpose of this article is to outline these genetic advances, discuss their importance for current practice in clinical and related settings, and outline briefly how they are influencing research into the causes of and possible future treatments for this prevalent disorder.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Porter Neuroscience Building, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. hardyj@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.forename: Huaiban
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Cookson
authors.forename: Katrina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gwinn-Hardy
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singleton
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D000071158:Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D000071617:Protein Deglycase DJ-1; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D012306:Risk; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000235:genetics; D051844:alpha-Synuclein / Q000235:genetics; D000099202:PTEN-Induced Putative Kinase
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D000071158:Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D000071617:Protein Deglycase DJ-1; D011494:Protein Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D051844:alpha-Synuclein; D000099202:PTEN-Induced Putative Kinase; C111567:parkin protein; C495280:LRRK2 protein, human; C105131:PARK7 protein, human