title: Signal transduction mechanisms involved in in vitro ram sperm capacitation.
abstract: We validate the chlortetracycline (CTC) technique for the evaluation of capacitation and acrosome reaction-like changes in ram sperm, carrying out a double estimation of the acrosome status after treatment with lysophosphatidylcholine, using fluorescein isocyanate (FITC)-RCA/ethidium homodimer 1 (EthD-1) and CTC/EthD-1. Highly consistent results and a positive correlation between the results of acrosome-reacted sperm evaluated with both techniques were obtained. In this study, we evaluate the effects of ram sperm capacitation of BSA, Ca(2+), NaHCO(3) and cAMP agonists and their influence on the associated protein tyrosine phosphorylation. We found a time-dependent increase in capacitation related to protein tyrosine phosphorylation, either in the absence or the presence of BSA. The addition of an increasing concentration of cholesterol to samples containing BSA did not influence results. The effect of bicarbonate was concentration-dependent, with a significantly lowered value of non-capacitated sperm in the presence 18 and 25 mM. The addition of extracellular calcium did not significantly increase either the proportion of capacitated sperm or the protein tyrosine phosphorylation signalling, although a significantly higher value of acrosome-reacted sperm was found in samples containing 4 mM Ca(2+). cAMP agonists increased capacitated sperm and protein tyrosine phosphorylation signalling. The inhibition of protein kinase A by H-89 caused a decrease in sperm capacitation. Addition of a calcium-entry blocker (Verapamil; Sigma) did not influence results, which suggests that the calcium entry blocker was unable to inhibit the calcium influx associated with capacitation in ram sperm. Our findings might benefit our understanding of the biochemical mechanisms involved in mammalian sperm capacitation and ultimately, fertility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet, 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grasa
authors.forename: José Alvaro
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cebrián-Pérez
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muiño-Blanco
mesh_terms: D020101:Acrosome Reaction / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D002751:Chlortetracycline; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000494:pharmacology; D012756:Sheep / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate / Q000378:metabolism; D013075:Sperm Capacitation / Q000502:physiology*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000378:metabolism; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D007546:Isoquinolines; D013449:Sulfonamides; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D014700:Verapamil; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; C063509:N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide; D002118:Calcium; D002751:Chlortetracycline