title: MR imaging of the cervical spine: assessment of image quality with parallel imaging compared to non-accelerated MR measurements.
abstract: To compare the quality of cervical spine MR images obtained by parallel imaging [generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition (GRAPPA)] with those of non-accelerated imaging, we conducted both phantom studies and examinations of ten volunteers at 1.5Tesla with a dedicated 12-element coil system and a head-spine-neck coil combination. Acquisitions included axial T2-weighted (T2w) images with both methods, and sagittal T2w and T1w images in vivo with the latter coil combination. Non-accelerated MRI with two averages and GRAPPA (acceleration factor 2) with two averages (GRAPPA/2AV, time reduction of approximately 50%) and four averages (GRAPPA/4AV) were compared. In the phantom, the signal-to-noise ratio of the GRAPPA/2AV was lower than that of the other two settings. In vivo, the image inhomogeneity (non-uniformity, NU) was significantly higher in T2w GRAPPA/2AV than in both other settings, and in T1w GRAPPA/2AV compared to GRAPPA/4AV. Subjectively, the delineation of anatomical structures was sufficient in all sequences. Only the spinal cord was considered to be better delineable on the non-accelerated T1w sequence compared to GRAPPA/2AV. In part, GRAPPA/4AV performed better than the other settings. The subjective image noise was lowest with GRAPPA/4AV. In cervical spine MRI, the examination time can be reduced by nearly 42% with GRAPPA, while preserving sufficient image quality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria. iris.noebauer@meduniwien.ac.at
authors.forename: Iris-M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Noebauer-Huhmann
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Glaser
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.forename: Claus-Peter
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Wallner
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Klinger
authors.forename: Herwig
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imhof
authors.forename: Stefan O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Schoenberg
mesh_terms: D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors