title: Functional results of vertebral augmentation techniques in pathological vertebral fractures of myelomatous patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This is a retrospective study to determine the effects of vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty on quality of life in multiple myeloma patients with spinal compression fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four patients with primary multiple myeloma were treated for symptomatic compression fractures between June 2003 and June 2005. Kyphoplasty was applied to 22 levels in 18 and vertebroplasty to 28 levels in 16 patients. The pain-related disability was evaluated for every single daily living activity using visual analog scale (VAS) over 10 points. (pain at rest, walking, sitting-standing, taking a shower and wearing clothes). (This evaluation is performed to every patient with degenerative disorders of the spine upon admission to our clinic.) Overall VAS scores were evaluated over 50 points (0 minimum, 50 maximum) preoperatively, at postoperative six weeks, six months and at one year prior to taking analgesics. The amount of analgesic use was recorded. Data was analyzed statistically using variance analysis, Friedman's multiple comparison test and Student's t test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean overall pain score in the kyphoplasty group decreased from a preoperative value of 36 to 12.13 at the sixth postoperative week, to 8.63 at the sixth month and to 9.72 at one year. (p<0.001). The mean overall pain score in the vertebroplasty group decreased from a preoperative value of 37.83 to 15.33 at the sixth postoperative week, to 12.17 at sixth months and to 13.47 at one year. (p<0.001). Student's t test was used to analyze the percentage of differences in overall pain score. Difference between groups was not statistically significant at the sixth week (p=0.106) but was statistically significant both at the sixth month (p=0.024) and at one year (p=0.027) in favor of kyphoplasty group. No secondary collapse was observed in adjacent levels in both groups. There were no intrapostoperative neurologic/pulmonary complications in both groups. Analgesics usage significantly decreased in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In multiple myeloma, when pathological spinal compression fractures cause intractable pain and are unresponsive to conservative treatment, both vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are effective in increasing quality of life and decreasing pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey. kacako@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Kamil Cagri
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Köse
authors.forename: Oguz
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cebesoy
authors.forename: Burak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Akan
authors.forename: Levent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Altinel
authors.forename: Derya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dinçer
authors.forename: Tarik
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yazar
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D050815:Fractures, Compression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae