title: Occurrence of ocular disease in traumatic brain injury in a selected sample: a retrospective analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine retrospectively the relative risk of ocular disease in a selected, visually-symptomatic sample of clinic patients having traumatic brain injury (TBI; n=160) vs. cerebrovascular accident (CVA; n=60), with all initially presenting at the clinic with symptoms and/or signs of vision dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  To review retrospectively 220 medical records of individuals with TBI (n=160) vs. CVA (n=60), as determined by a computer-based query spanning the years 2000-2003, to ascertain the frequency of occurrence of ocular disease in the two major sub-groups of acquired brain injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Conditions with high relative risk unique to TBI included corneal abrasion, blepharitis, chalazion/hordeolum, dry eye, traumatic cataract, vitreal prolapse and optic atrophy. This is distinct from those ophthalmic conditions unique to CVA, which included sub-conjunctival haemorrhage and ptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These new findings should alert clinicians to the potential increased frequency of occurrence of specific ocular diseases in a selected, visually-symptomatic population with TBI and their associated rehabilitative and quality-of-life implications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, SUNY/State College of Optometry, Raymond J. Greenwald Rehabilitation Center, New York, NY 10036, USA.
authors.forename: Daniella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rutner
authors.forename: Neera
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Ciuffreda
authors.forename: Shoshana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Irwin B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Suchoff
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications*