title: Adhesive interactions between human neural stem cells and inflamed human vascular endothelium are mediated by integrins.
abstract: Understanding the mechanisms by which stem cells home precisely to regions of injury or degeneration is of importance to both basic and applied regenerative medicine. Optimizing regenerative processes may depend on identifying the range of molecules that subserve stem cell trafficking. The "rolling" of extravasating cells on endothelium under conditions of physiological flow is the first essential step in the homing cascade and determines cell adhesion and transmigration. Using a laminar flow chamber to simulate physiological shear stress, we explored an aspect of this process by using human neural stem cells (hNSCs). We observed that the interactions between hNSCs and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-stimulated human endothelium (simulating an inflamed milieu) are mediated by a subclass of integrins--alpha2, alpha6, and beta1, but not alpha4, alphav, or the chemokine-mediated pathway CXCR4-stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha--suggesting not only that the mechanisms mediating hNSC homing via the vasculature differ from the mechanisms mediating homing through parenchyma, but also that each step invokes a distinct pathway mediating a specialized function in the hNSC homing cascade. (TNF-alpha stimulation also upregulates vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression on the hNSCs themselves and increases NSC-endothelial interactions.) The selective use of integrin subgroups to mediate homing of cells of neuroectodermal origin may also be used to ensure that cells within the systemic circulation are delivered to the pathological region of a given organ to the exclusion of other, perhaps undesired, organs.
authors.affiliation: Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Franz-Josef
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Naira
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Serobyan
authors.forename: Ingrid U
authors.initials: IU
authors.lastname: Schraufstatter
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: DiScipio
authors.forename: Dustin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wakeman
authors.forename: Jeanne F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Loring
authors.forename: Evan Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: Sophia K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Khaldoyanidi
mesh_terms: D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D039421:Integrin alpha2 / Q000378:metabolism; D039503:Integrin alpha6 / Q000378:metabolism; D019012:Integrin beta1 / Q000378:metabolism; D016023:Integrins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D039421:Integrin alpha2; D039503:Integrin alpha6; D019012:Integrin beta1; D016023:Integrins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1