title: Apoptosis profiles in benign prostatic hyperplasia: close associations of cell kinetics with percent area density of histologic composition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the possible correlations of apoptosis and apoptosis-associated factors, including the apoptotic index (AI), proliferation index (PI), and expression of Bcl-2 and caspase 3, with the percent area density of epithelium and stroma in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 60 patients with histologically determined BPH were investigated. The percent area density of epithelium and stroma was determined using a computerized image analysis system after Masson's trichrome staining. Apoptosis was detected using the AI through the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labeling assay. Cell proliferation was determined using the PI through Ki-67 immunostaining. The expression of Bcl-2 and caspase 3 was immunohistochemically examined. Double-label immunofluorescent staining was performed to assess co-localization of Bcl-2 and caspase 3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The stroma/epithelium ratio ranged from 4.6 to 6.3 (average 5.2) in BPH. A greater stromal PI was closely related to the percent area density of stroma (P <0.01), and a greater epithelial AI was reversely related to the percent area density of the epithelium (P <0.05). Bcl-2 and caspase 3 expression was detected in 50 (80%) and 48 (75%) of 60 BPH samples, respectively. The expression of Bcl-2 and caspase 3 was not related to PI, AI, or the percent area density of the BPH components (P >0.05). Immunofluorescence analysis revealed co-localization of Bcl-2 and caspase 3 in the serial sections of BPH specimens that already showed either Bcl-2 or caspase 3 expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The development of BPH may be associated with both stromal growth due to active stromal cell proliferation and epithelial growth due to reduced glandular apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xianghua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yanqun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Na
authors.forename: Yinglu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004848:Epithelium / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases