title: Effect of CX516, an AMPA-modulating compound, on cognition and behavior in fragile X syndrome: a controlled trial.
abstract: A Phase II, 4-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Ampakine compound CX516 as a potential treatment for the underlying disorder in fragile X syndrome (FXS). After baseline screening, subjects with FXS (n = 49) underwent a 1-week placebo lead-in and then were randomized to study drug or placebo for a 4-week period. Cognitive and behavioral outcome measures were administered prior to treatment, at the end of treatment, and 2 weeks posttreatment. There were minimal side effects, no significant changes in safety parameters, and no serious adverse events. There was a 12.5% frequency of allergic rash in the CX516 group and 1 subject developed a substantial rash. There was also no significant improvement in memory, the primary outcome measure, or in secondary measures of language, attention/executive function, behavior, and overall functioning in CX516-treated subjects compared to placebo. This study did demonstrate that many outcome measures were reproducible in this test-retest setting for the FXS population, yet some were too difficult or variable. Adult subjects with FXS were able to complete an intensive clinical trial, and some valid outcome measures were identified for future FXS trial design. Problems with potency of CX516 in other studies have suggested dosing may have been inadequate for therapeutic effect and thus it remains unclear whether modulation of AMPA-mediated neurotransmission is a viable therapeutic strategy for the treatment of FXS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, RUSH University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA. elizabeth_m_berry-kravis@rush.edu
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berry-Kravis
authors.forename: Sue Ellen
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: Sandra S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Block
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guter
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wuu
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leurgans
authors.forename: Penelope
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Decle
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Potanos
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salt
authors.forename: Dominick
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maino
authors.forename: Dahlia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weinberg
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lara
authors.forename: Tristan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jardini
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cogswell
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Randi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hagerman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D004149:Dioxoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D003875:Drug Eruptions / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005600:Fragile X Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D017774:Long-Term Potentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000187:drug effects; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010552:Personality Assessment; D010880:Piperidines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000187:drug effects*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C097396:1-(quinoxalin-6-ylcarbonyl)piperidine; D004149:Dioxoles; D010880:Piperidines; D018091:Receptors, AMPA