title: Nerve-sparing laparoscopic radical cystectomy: technique and initial outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the technique and early outcomes of nerve-sparing laparoscopic radical cystectomy with continent orthotopic ileal neobladder in selected male and female patients with bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since 2000, 52 patients have undergone laparoscopic radical cystectomy at our institution, with nerve-sparing laparoscopic radical cystectomy performed in 5 patients. In the nerve-sparing technique, transection of the lateral vascular pedicle and the posterior dissection proceeds closer to the bladder, at some distance from the rectum. Hem-o-lock clips were used for hemostasis, avoiding the need for any energy source near the neurovascular bundle (NVB). In the male, the identification and complete release of the NVB before division of the urethra minimizes damage to the NVB along the prostatic apex. In the female, preservation of the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and vagina, maintenance of the endopelvic fascia, and minimal mobilization distal to the urethra facilitates nerve sparing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median operative time was 10 hours, blood loss was 400 mL, and the length of stay was 5 days. No patient required blood transfusion, and one had a postoperative complication. All patients were free of recurrence at a median follow-up of 30 months. At 12 months, nocturnal and daytime continence was preserved in 100% and 75% of patients, respectively. Sexual function was preserved in the female patient and 2 of the 4 male patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With careful attention to the anatomic location of the NVBs and a precise operative technique, nerve-sparing laparoscopic radical cystectomy can be performed in appropriately selected male and female patients with organ-confined bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Section of Laparoscopic and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Brian R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Finelli
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moinzadeh
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ukimura
authors.forename: Jihad H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kaouk
authors.forename: Inderbir S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Gill
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000294:innervation*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D014547:Urinary Diversion