title: Absorption spectra of electronic-homoeopathic copies of homoeopathic nosodes and placebo have essential differences.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Electronic-homoeopathic copies (EHC), i.e. preparations made by 'imprinting' the parent substance onto water (or other carriers) with the help of M. Rae devices, have gained certain acceptance in some fields of alternative medicine as homoeopathic nosodes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To verify the electronic-homoeopathic copying effect with the use of absorption spectroscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a double-blind randomized procedure 7 homoeopathic nosodes and a blank placebo were 'imprinted' onto ampoules with saline solution by means of a 'simulator' apparatus by Metabolics Ltd (Wiltshire, UK). There were 63 ampoules of the EHC (9 of each nosode) and 27 ampoules of the placebo (3 groups). The absorption spectra of the preparations were determined by a UV-2101 PC (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) double-beam spectrometer in the wave band 800-600 nm at an interval of 0.5 nm. The values of optical density - log (1/transmission coefficient) - were written.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The absorption spectra of 3 EHC of the 7 homoeopathic nosodes investigated showed regions marked by statistically significant differences (p < 0.05 for 2 adjacent wavelengths) in the band of 800-700 nm in 2 (as a minimum) out of 3 independent placebo groups. When compared in independent groups of placebo, the spectral regions - for which the significant differences between the EHC and the placebo were evident - are close to each other (in the range of 0.5-7.0 nm).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The result obtained supports the existence of an electronic-homoeopathic copying effect.
authors.affiliation: V.I. Il'ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Vladivostok, Russia. v-kor@poi.dvo.ru
authors.forename: Vladimir I
authors.initials: VI
authors.lastname: Korenbaum
authors.forename: Tatyana N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Chernysheva
authors.forename: Tatyana P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Apukhtina
authors.forename: Lyudmila N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Sovetnikova
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D004563:Electrochemistry; D005571:Formularies, Homeopathic as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008419:Materia Medica / Q000032:analysis*; D010919:Placebos; D011897:Random Allocation; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D008419:Materia Medica; D010919:Placebos