title: Stage migration caused by D2 dissection with para-aortic lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer from the results of a prospective randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Extended lymphadenectomy (D2) provides accurate nodal staging of gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to clarify the degree of stage migration seen with D2 combined with para-aortic lymph node dissection for gastric cancer invading the subserosa, the serosa and adjacent structures (T2ss-4) in patients considered not to have distant metastases (M0).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between July 1995 and April 2001, 523 patients were recruited and randomized in a prospective phase III trial comparing D2 with D2 and para-aortic nodal dissection for T2ss-4 gastric cancer without macroscopic para-aortic nodal metastases. Stage migration was evaluated by Japanese Gastric Cancer Association staging in 260 patients who underwent D2 with para-aortic dissection by analysing pathological information from the dissected lymph nodes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Node (N)-stage migration was observed in 1 per cent (1 of 82) of patients with N1 disease, 20 per cent (12 of 59) with N2, 43 per cent (10 of 23) with N3 and 8.8 per cent (23 of 260) of all patients. Final stage migration occurred in 9 per cent (5 of 58) of patients with stage IIIa, 19 per cent (8 of 42) with stage IIIb, 56 per cent (9 of 16) with stage IVa and 8.5 per cent (22 of 260) of all patients. Metastasis to N4 nodes was found in 4 per cent (four of 95) of tumours invading the subserosa and 17.4 per cent (19 of 109) of tumours penetrating the serosa. The overall incidence of N4 involvement was 8.8 per cent (23 of 260).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extended para-aortic lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer provides accurate nodal staging and results in stage migration, which may improve stage-specific survival regardless of overall survival benefit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Centre, Yokohama, Japan. yoshikawat@kcch.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasako
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nashimoto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsujinaka
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanigawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D015996:Survival Rate