title: Captive breeding of the white rhinoceros, Ceratotherium simum, and the Cape buffalo, Syncerus caffer.
abstract: Breeding records of 40 white rhinoceros and 155 Cape buffalo were analysed. Three rhinoceros cows bred in captivity, themselves conceived for the first time at 84, 87 and 95 months of age, respectively. Rhinoceros cows breed throughout the year. There is no evidence of a relationship between calving interval and month of birth. Calving intervals were normally distributed about the mean of 34 months and there were no significant differences between bulls, cows or sex of calf. There was no difference in the sex ratio of calves born to young cows nor older cows. The male:female ratio of the calves was 1:1. Younger cows did not have shorter birth intervals. Although captive Cape buffaloes breed throughout the year, there is a preponderance of births in midsummer. There was some evidence that larger cows produce heavier calves and that season of birth may influence birth weight. Male calves weighed 41.20 +/- 0.68 kg vs 39.00 +/- 0.73 kg (range 24-60 kg) for female calves but this difference was not significant. Calving intervals were normally distributed about the mean of 395 days and the male:female ratio of the calves was 1:1.2.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Wildlife Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa. john.skinner@up.ac.za
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Skinner
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Dott
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matthee
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hunt
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D001947:Breeding; D002020:Buffaloes / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D010527:Perissodactyla / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology*; D012621:Seasons; D012744:Sex Ratio; D013997:Time Factors