title: IL-2/IL-18 prevent the down-modulation of NKG2D by TGF-beta in NK cells via the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway.
abstract: TGF-beta is known to play a major role for the reduced NKG2D expression seen in cancer patients. However, the mechanisms for reduced TGF-beta-induced down-regulation of NKG2D are unclear. In this study, we observed that IL-2/IL-18 increased the NKG2D expression in the TGF-beta treated NK cell line in a dose-dependent manner. Incubation with the JNK inhibitor SP600125 inhibited the NKG2D expression induced by IL-2/IL-18 in the TGF-beta treated human NK cell line. Moreover, the NK cytotoxicity assay showed that the reduced NK cytotoxicity by TGF-beta was recovered by IL-2/IL-18 treatment. The results indicate that IL-2/IL-18 strongly prevented the TGF-beta-induced NKG2D down-regulation in NK cells via the JNK pathway. Taken together, the protected expression of NKG2D by IL-2/IL-18 provides insight into the mechanism of NKG2D regulation and it also supplied useful information for creating a novel therapeutic approach to treat TGF-beta-secreting cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Inje University, College of Medicine, Pusan 614-735, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyunkeun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Dae Young
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Hur
authors.forename: Kyung-Eun
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyunjeong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Taesung
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chul-Woo
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Saic
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.forename: Dae-Ho
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D055655:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D055607:Receptors, Natural Killer Cell; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D020382:Interleukin-18; D007376:Interleukin-2; C527085:KLRK1 protein, human; D055655:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D055607:Receptors, Natural Killer Cell; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases