title: Depth of the thoracic epidural space in children.
abstract: Thoracic epidural anaesthesia in anaesthetized children requires a meticulous technique and may have an increased success rate when the distance between skin and epidural space is known. The objective of this observational study was to measure the skin to epidural distance (SED) during thoracic epidural puncture in 61 children. The epidural puncture was performed using the loss of resistance technique with saline 0.9%. The distance from the needle tip to the point where the needle emerged from the skin was measured. The post-operative analgesia parameters were also measured. Skin to epidural distance correlated significantly with the age and weight of the children. The equation for the relation between SED (cm) and age was 2.15 + (0.01 x months) and for SED vs weight was 1.95 + (0.045 x kg). Despite considerable variability among individuals, the observed correlation of SED with both age and weight shows that this parameter may be helpful to guide thoracic epidural puncture in anaesthetized children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology 550, UMCN Radboud, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Masir
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Driessen
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Thies
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Wijnen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Egmond
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000379:methods*; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004824:Epidural Space / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009339:Needles; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D011446:Prospective Studies