title: Childhood antecedent disorders to bipolar disorder in adults: a controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to examine antecedent childhood psychiatric disorders in adult patients with bipolar disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using structured diagnostic interviews, childhood psychiatric diagnoses of 83 referred patients with diagnosed DSM-IV bipolar disorder were compared to those of 308 adults without mood disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with bipolar disorder had significantly higher rates of childhood disruptive behavior disorders (ADHD, oppositional-defiant disorder, and conduct disorder), childhood anxiety disorders (separation anxiety and overanxious disorder), and enuresis, compared to patients without mood disorders. The presence of these childhood disorders was associated with an earlier age of onset of bipolar illness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The retrospective nature of the study may have affected both the rates of disorders recalled, as well as the ages of onset of disorders. Different referral sources for bipolar and comparison participants may have also impacted findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bipolar disorder in adults is frequently preceded by childhood disruptive behavior and anxiety disorders. These childhood disorders may be important markers of risk for adult bipolar disorder.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Psychopharmacology Unit and Bipolar Clinic and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02138, United States. ahenin@partners.org
authors.forename: Aude
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Henin
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Biederman
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mick
authors.forename: Dina R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Hirshfeld-Becker
authors.forename: Gary S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Sachs
authors.forename: Yelena
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ogutha
authors.forename: Andrew A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Nierenberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004775:Enuresis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic