title: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase signalling and FoxO transcription factors in rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: Although the mechanisms leading to the induction of RA (rheumatoid arthritis) are poorly understood, improper activation, proliferation, survival and retention of neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes and other leucocytes contribute to perpetuation of inflammation and eventual joint destruction through activation of stromal fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Fundamental studies in developmental biology, cellular biology and immunology have established critical roles for PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) signal transduction pathways in cellular chemotactic responses, proliferation, apoptosis and survival. Despite profound alteration of these cellular processes in RA, involvement of PI3K signalling pathways in this chronic inflammatory disease, and their assessment as potential therapeutic targets, has until recently received scant attention. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of PI3K signalling pathways, in particular regulation of FoxO (forkhead box O) transcription factors, and their relevance to RA.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Room K0-140, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. k.a.reedquist@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Reedquist
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ludikhuize
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Tak
mesh_terms: D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000378:metabolism*; D002455:Cell Division; D002470:Cell Survival; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases