title: Social processes used by African American women in making decisions about mammography screening.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the social processes used by African American (AA) women ages > or = 50 years in making decisions about mammography screening.
  
  
  METHODS
  Grounded theory methodology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tape-recorded interviews with a researcher-designed, semi-structured interview guide with an initial and theoretical sample of 30 AA women ages 52 to 71 of diverse socioeconomic status. Interviews occurred in various settings such as the church rectory, women's homes, and work settings. Extensive written field notes and tapes were transcribed verbatim immediately after the interviews by an experienced transcriptionist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The women's decisions about mammography screening were associated with five social processes: (a) acknowledging prior experiences with healthcare providers and systems; (b) reporting fears and fatalistic beliefs of breast cancer and related treatment; (c) valuing the opinions of significant others; (d) relying on religious beliefs and supports; and (e) caregiving responsibilities of significant others. The processes were further differentiated by three distinct decision-making styles: taking charge, enduring, and protesting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Each of the social processes was reported equally and emphasized by the diverse sample of AA women in decisions related to mammography screening. Mammography screening decisions were heavily influenced by caregiving responsibilities. Further research is needed to explain and understand this social process on the health and well-being of AA women over time.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing and Health, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435-0001, USA. barbara.fowler@wright.edu
authors.forename: Barbara Ann
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Fowler
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D001741:Black or African American / Q000193:education / Q000208:ethnology*; D000368:Aged; D001242:Assertiveness; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology; D003657:Decision Making; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008327:Mammography / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000208:ethnology*; D012069:Religion and Psychology; D012919:Social Behavior; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014930:Women / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology*