title: Saturated fatty acids inhibit induction of insulin gene transcription by JNK-mediated phosphorylation of insulin-receptor substrates.
abstract: JNKs are attractive targets for treatment of obesity and type-2 diabetes. A sustained increase in JNK activity was observed in dietary and genetic models of obesity in mice, whereas JNK deficiency prevented obesity-induced insulin resistance. A similar insulin-sensitizing effect was seen upon treatment of obese mice with JNK inhibitors. We now demonstrate that treatment with the saturated fatty acid palmitic acid results in sustained JNK activation and insulin resistance in primary mouse hepatocytes and pancreatic beta-cells. In the latter, palmitic acid treatment inhibits glucose-induced insulin gene transcription, in part, by interfering with autocrine insulin signaling through phosphorylation of insulin-receptor substrates 1 and 2 at sites that interfere with binding to activated insulin receptors. This mechanism may account for the induction of central insulin resistance by free fatty acids.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0723, La Jolla, CA 92093-0723, USA.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Solinas
authors.forename: Willscott
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Naugler
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Galimi
authors.forename: Myung-Shik
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karin
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D048055:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism; D019308:Palmitic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051381:Rats; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005227:Fatty Acids; C526292:IRS1 protein, human; C526297:IRS2 protein, human; D007328:Insulin; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C526295:Irs1 protein, mouse; C526296:Irs1 protein, rat; C526298:Irs2 protein, mouse; C526299:Irs2 protein, rat; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D019308:Palmitic Acid; D048055:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8