title: Microspheres method for ocular blood flow measurement in rats: size and dose optimization.
abstract: This study modified the microspheres method by optimizing the dose and size of microspheres (MS) to enable accurate ocular blood flow measurement in rats. Fluorescent MS, either 6, 8, 10 or 15 microm diameter, were administered into the left ventricle of anesthetized adult Brown Norway rat in a dose of either 10(6), 5x10(6), or 10(7). The total number of MS entrapped in retina, choroid and optic nerve (Ntissue) was quantified and compared between size and dose groups. The MS distribution in the retina and their reentry into systemic circulation were evaluated for different sized MS. The results showed that at the 5x10(6) dose, the Ntissue of 8 microm MS was significantly more than either 6 or 10 microm MS in the retina (P<0.02) and optic nerve (P<0.03). The 10 microm MS produced the highest Ntissue for the choroid, as compared with either 8 or 6 microm MS (P<0.03). At the 10(6) dose, no difference of N(tissue) was found between 8, 10, and 15 microm MS in the retina. The 10 microm MS yielded the highest Ntissue in the choroid as compared to 8 and 15 microm MS (P<0.003). The Ntissue for 8 microm MS was higher than both 10 and 15 microm (P<0.01) MS in the optic nerve. No MS (>or=8 microm) reentered the systemic circulation. The 15 microm MS tended to lodge in pre-capillary arterioles and caused significant blood pressure increase during the injection. The blood flow measured with the optimal size MS (mean+/-SE) were 19+/-3.4 and 170+/-35 microl/min in the retina and choroid, respectively; and 0.18+/-0.03 microl/min per mm optic nerve. It is concluded that the 8 microm MS are the optimal size for both retinal and optic nerve blood flow estimation; the 10 microm for the choroid. The optimal dose for the retina was approximately 2.5x10(6), 0.5x10(6) for the choroid, and 5x10(6) approximately 10(7) for the optic nerve. The 15 microm MS are inappropriate for ocular blood flow measurements in rats.
authors.affiliation: Discoveries in Sight, Devers Eye Institute, 1225 NE 2nd Ave, Portland, OR 97208, USA. lwang@deverseye.org
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Brad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fortune
authors.forename: Grant
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cull
authors.forename: Kyle M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: McElwain
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Cioffi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002829:Choroid / Q000098:blood supply; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D005123:Eye / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D008863:Microspheres; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000098:blood supply; D010316:Particle Size; D051381:Rats; D011914:Rats, Inbred BN; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000502:physiology