title: Efficacy of the protease inhibitors tipranavir plus ritonavir in treatment-experienced patients: 24-week analysis from the RESIST-1 trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Improved treatment options are needed for patients infected with multidrug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The nonpeptidic protease inhibitor tipranavir has demonstrated antiviral activity against many protease inhibitor-resistant HIV-1 isolates. The Randomized Evaluation of Strategic Intervention in multi-drug reSistant patients with Tipranavir (RESIST-1) trial is an ongoing, open-label study comparing the efficacy and safety of ritonavir-boosted tipranavir (TPV/r) with an investigator-selected ritonavir-boosted comparator protease inhibitor (CPI/r) in treatment-experienced, HIV-1-infected patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six hundred twenty antiretroviral-experienced patients were treated at 125 sites in North America and Australia. Before randomization, all patients underwent genotypic resistance testing, which investigators used to select a CPI/r and an optimized background regimen. Patients were randomized to receive TPV/r or CPI/r and were stratified on the basis of preselected protease inhibitor and enfuvirtide use. Treatment response was defined as a confirmed reduction in the HIV-1 load of > or = 1 log10 less than the baseline level without treatment change at week 24.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean baseline HIV-1 loads and CD4+ cell counts were 4.74 log10 copies/mL and 164 cells/mm3, respectively. At week 24, a total of 41.5% of patients in the TPV/r arm and 22.3% in the CPI/r arm had a > or = 1-log10 reduction in the HIV-1 load (intent-to-treat population; P<.0001). Mean increases in the CD4+ cell count of 54 and 24 cells/mm3 occurred in the TPV/r and CPI/r groups, respectively. Adverse events were slightly more common in the TPV/r group and included diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Elevations in alanine and aspartate aminotransferase levels and in cholesterol/triglyceride levels were more frequent in the TPV/r group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TPV/r demonstrated superior antiviral activity, compared with investigator-selected, ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors, at week 24 in treatment-experienced patients with multidrug-resistant HIV-1 infection.
authors.affiliation: Therapeutic Concepts, Houston, TX 77004, USA. drgathe@josephgathe.com
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gathe
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Farthing
authors.forename: Dushyantha
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jayaweera
authors.forename: Dorece
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pierone
authors.forename: Corklin R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Steinhart
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Trottier
authors.forename: Sharon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Walmsley
authors.forename: Cassy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Workman
authors.forename: Geoffrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mukwaya
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kohlbrenner
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dohnanyi
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McCallister
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mayers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011753:Pyrones / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019438:Ritonavir / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013449:Sulfonamides; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines; D011753:Pyrones; D013449:Sulfonamides; D019438:Ritonavir; C107201:tipranavir