title: Marrubium vulgare extract inhibits human-LDL oxidation and enhances HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux in THP-1 macrophage.
abstract: The objective of the present study was to elucidate the beneficial properties of aqueous extracts of Marrubium vulgare (AEM) towards cardiovascular disease by protecting human-LDL against lipid peroxidation and promoting HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux. Human-LDL were oxidised by incubation with CuSO(4) in the presence of increased concentrations of AEM (0-100 microg/ml). LDL lipid peroxidation was evaluated by conjugated diene formation, vitamin E disappearance as well as LDL-electrophoretic mobility. HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux assay was carried out in human THP-1 macrophages. Incubation of LDL with AEM significantly prolonged the lag phase (P=0.014), lowered the progression rate of lipid peroxidation (P=0.004), reduced the disappearance of vitamin E and the electrophoretic mobility in a dose-dependent manner. Also, incubation of HDL with AEM significantly increased HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from THP-1 macrophages implicating an independent ATP binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) pathways. Our findings suggest that M. vulgare provides a source of natural antioxidants, which inhibit LDL oxidation and enhance reverse cholesterol transport and thus can prevent cardiovascular diseases development. These antioxidant properties increase the anti-atherogenic potential of HDL.
authors.affiliation: Research Centre on Aging, Canada. hicham.berrougui@usherbrooke.ca
authors.forename: Hicham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Berrougui
authors.forename: Maxim
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Isabelle
authors.forename: Mounia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cherki
authors.forename: Abdelouahed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khalil
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism*; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D027522:Marrubium / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002784:Cholesterol; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol