title: Aetiology and resistance patterns of community-acquired pneumonia in León, Nicaragua.
abstract: We conducted a prevalence study to gain greater insight into the aetiology, bacterial resistance and risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in the region of León, Nicaragua. During the period from July 2002 to January 2005, all consecutive patients with signs and symptoms suggestive of CAP were included in the study. Sputum samples, paired serum samples and urinary samples were collected for the detection of respiratory pathogens. The most frequently identified pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae (17%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (5%), Chlamydia pneumoniae (5%) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (4%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was cultured from 5% of patients. No pathogens were identified in 55%. All tested S. pneumoniae were sensitive to erythromycin and penicillin. In contrast, resistance of S. aureus to penicillin and erythromycin was high.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University Hospital, UNAN, León, Nicaragua.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Matute
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Brouwer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hak
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Hoepelman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D016993:Chlamydophila pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D009177:Mycoplasma pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009527:Nicaragua / Q000453:epidemiology; D010068:Oxacillin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010406:Penicillins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010406:Penicillins; D004917:Erythromycin; D010068:Oxacillin