title: Antinecrotic and antiapoptotic effects of hepatocyte growth factor on cholestatic hepatitis in a mouse model of bile-obstructive diseases.
abstract: Cholestasis, an impairment of bile outflux, frequently occurs in liver diseases. In this process, an overaccumulation of bile acids causes hepatocyte necrosis and apoptosis, leading to advanced hepatitis. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is mitogenic toward hepatocytes, but it is still unclear whether HGF has physiological and therapeutic functions during the progression of cholestasis. Using anti-HGF IgG or recombinant HGF in mice that had undergone bile duct ligation (BDL), we investigated the involvement of HGF in cholestasis-induced hepatitis. After the BDL surgery, HGF and c-Met mRNA levels transiently increased in livers during the progression of cholestatic hepatitis. When c-Met tyrosine phosphorylation was blocked in the livers of BDL-treated mice by anti-HGF IgG, hepatic dysfunction became evident, associated with the acceleration of hepatocyte necrosis and apoptosis. Inversely, administration of recombinant HGF into the mice led to the prevention of cholestasis-induced inflammation: HGF suppressed the hepatic expression of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and neutrophil infiltration in BDL-treated mice. As a result, parenchymal necrosis was suppressed in the HGF-injected BDL mice. In addition, HGF supplement therapy reduced the number of apoptotic hepatocytes in cholestatic mice, associated with the early induction of Bcl-xL. The administration of HGF enhanced hepatic repair, via accelerating G1/S progression in hepatocytes. Our study showed that 1) upregulation of HGF production is required for protective mechanisms against cholestatic hepatitis and 2) enhancement of the intrinsic defense system by adding HGF may be a reasonable strategy to attenuate hepatic inflammation, necrosis, and apoptosis under bile-congestive conditions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Osaka Univ Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2-B7, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Zhaodong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D001651:Cholestasis, Extrahepatic / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000235:genetics; D006520:Hepatitis, Animal / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008115:Liver Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009336:Necrosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D000637:Transaminases / Q000097:blood; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; C494812:Bcl2l1 protein, mouse; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D000637:Transaminases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; C022636:serine-glyoxylate aminotransferase; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met; C505409:Casp3 protein, mouse; D053148:Caspase 3; D001663:Bilirubin