title: Enhanced expression of interleukin-18 in serum and pancreas of patients with chronic pancreatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate interleukin-18 (IL-18) in patients with chronic panreatitis (CP).
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 29 patients with CP and 30 healthy controls. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated and incubated with 50 mmol/L ethanol, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (doses 25 g/L, 250 g/L, 2500 g/L) and both agents for 24 h. Levels of IL-18 in the supernatants, and levels of IL-18, IL-12, interferon (IFN)-gamma and soluble CD14 in the serum were analysed by ELISA technique. Expression of IL-18 in PBMC was investigated by reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR. IL-18 protein levels in CP tissue and in normal pancreas were studied by ELISA technique. IL-18 levels in PBMC and pancreatic tissue were determined by Western blot. Immunohistochemistry for pancreatic IL-18 expression was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients, IL-18 serum levels were significantly enhanced by 76% (mean: 289.9+/-167.7 ng/L) compared with controls (mean: 165.2+/-43.6 ng/L; P<0.0005). IL-12 levels were enhanced by 25% in patients (18.3+/-7.3 ng/L) compared with controls (14.7+/-6.8 ng/L, P=0.0576) although not reaching the statistical significance. IFN-gamma and soluble CD14 levels were not increased. In vitro, LPS stimulated significantly and dose-dependently IL-18 secretion from PBMC. Incubation with ethanol reduced LPS-stimulated IL-18 secretion by about 50%. The mRNA expression of IL-18 in PBMC and the response of PBMC to ethanol and LPS was similar in CP patients and controls. In PBMC, no significant differences in IL-18 protein levels were detected between patients and controls. IL-18 protein levels were increased in CP tissues compared to normal pancreatic tissues. IL-18 was expressed by pancreatic acinar cells and by infiltrating inflammatory cells within the pancreas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-18 originates from the chronically inflammed pancreas and appears to be involved in the fibrotic destruction of the organ.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases), University Hospital of Heidelberg at Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim D-68135, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Stephan-L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hildenbrand
authors.forename: Sören
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siegmund
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Reinhard
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakovics
authors.forename: Manfred-V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Feick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007372:Interferons / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010179:Pancreas / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D050500:Pancreatitis, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D020382:Interleukin-18; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007372:Interferons