title: [Urinary calculi in myelomeningocele adults].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The improvements in the management of newborns with myelomeningocele (MMC) have obtained a big increase in survival, allowing them to get longevity like never before, but data regarding urologic diseases during adult age are still missing. We herein evaluate the features of urinary lithiasis in adults born with MMC and the therapies used for its treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We review 52 patients diagnosed at birth of MMC, between 18 and 40 years old, treated in our institution, with a mean follow-up of 6.7 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  10 patients (19.2%) were diagnosed of urolithiasis. Three developed kidney calculi and one of them, with 7 more patients, developed bladder calculi (15.3%). The neurological level was < or = L2 in 3 cases, L2-S1 in 5, and > or = S1 in the other two. The type of neurogenic dysfunction of inferior urinary tract was multiple lesion of lower motor neurone in 6 cases, upper motor neurone in 1 case, multiple mixed lesion in 1 case and in case it was impossible to determine. Two patients had a bladder augmentation procedure and one of these with other 3 patients had a non-functional AMS-800 artificial urinary sphincter. Bladder stones were treated endoscopically in 14 procedures and by suprapubic cystolithotomy in 4 procedures, combined with removal of AMS-800 in 3 of them. One patient spontaneously passed a small stone. In one case, 2 ESWL and 2 percutaneous nephrolithotomies were needed. Three patients developed multiple recurrences during follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urinary lithiasis is common in adults with MMC. Some distinct features of these patients, together with their anatomical configuration and some therapies used in them, cause diagnostic, therapeutic and prophylaxis issues for the calculi they may develop.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Urologia, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid. ferverdu@pulso.com
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Verdú Tartajo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salinas Casado
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Herranz Amo
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Díez Cordero
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Durán Merino
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hernández Fernández
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008591:Meningomyelocele / Q000150:complications*; D001744:Urinary Bladder Calculi / Q000209:etiology*