title: Comparison of a rapid ATP bioluminescence assay and standard plate count methods for assessing microbial contamination of consumers' refrigerators.
abstract: The feasibility of using an ATP bioluminescence assay for assessing microbial contamination of home refrigerators was evaluated and compared with the standard culture methods. Samples of refrigerator surfaces were collected from 123 households by swabbing an area of 100 cm2 on three locations in the refrigerator with premoisturized sterile swabs. Microbial contaminations were determined by aerobic plate count (APC; incubated at 35 degrees C for 48 h) and psychrotrophic plate count (PPC; incubated at 7 degrees C for 10 days) on plate count agar. The results were compared to the readings from the microbial ATP (mATP) bioluminescence assay. The correlation coefficient (r) between mATP and PPC (r = 0.851) was slightly higher than that between mATP and APC (r = 0.823). Our results indicated a potential discrepancy in the population of mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria in the refrigerator samples. Nevertheless, mATP appeared to be a reliable indication of the average of APC and PPC (r = 0.895). The mATP bioluminescence assay would provide a rapid and convenient test for researchers in field studies to assess microbial contamination in refrigerators.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A. Merritt Boulevard, Nashville, Tennessee 37209, USA. fchen1@tnstate.edu
authors.forename: Fur-Chi
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Sandria L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Godwin
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000032:analysis*; D001420:Bacteria, Aerobic / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques / Q000379:methods; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial / Q000379:methods; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D012034:Refrigeration; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate