title: Doxercalciferol treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, effectiveness, safety, and therapeutic considerations related to the use of doxercalciferol in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism.
  
  
  METHODS
  A MEDLINE search (1966-June 2006) was conducted using the key words vitamin D, ergocalciferols, and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Text word searches were also performed for the terms 1-alpha-hydroxy-vitamin D(2), 1-alpha-hydroxyergocalciferol, Hectorol, and doxercalciferol. Searches were limited to studies published in English and conducted in human subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  All published clinical studies evaluating the safety and effectiveness of doxercalciferol in secondary hyperparathyroidism were reviewed, and anecdotal patient reports were also evaluated. Selected clinical studies involving the use of calcitriol and/or paricalcitol in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism were also included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Doxercalciferol effectively reduces parathyroid hormone levels in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Both oral and intravenous administration can significantly increase serum calcium and/or phosphorus levels as evidenced by placebo-controlled clinical trials. This agent has not been studied comparatively with calcitriol or paricalcitol to assess relative safety.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Doxercalciferol is approved for and effective in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism related to CKD, both before and during dialysis, but has not demonstrated a lower incidence of hypercalcemia and/or hyperphosphatemia in relation to other vitamin D therapies. The drug is available in both oral and intravenous dosage forms. Doxercalciferol should be maintained as a formulary alternative for patients unresponsive to or intolerant of other vitamin D therapies, but comparative randomized studies are needed to differentiate its place in therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Clinical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73190-5040, USA. vincent-dennis@ouhsc.edu
authors.forename: Vincent C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Dennis
authors.forename: Guy L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Albertson
mesh_terms: D004872:Ergocalciferols / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006962:Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004872:Ergocalciferols; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; C042533:1 alpha-hydroxyergocalciferol