title: Numerical simulation of the effects of dilution level, depth of inhalation, and smoke composition on nicotine vapor deposition during cigarette smoking.
abstract: A numerical model of an aerosol containing vaporizable nicotine depositing to the walls of a tube was developed and applied to simulate the vapor deposition of nicotine in a denuder tube and under conditions approximating those in the respiratory tract during mainstream cigarette smoke inhalation. The numerical model was validated by comparison to data for denuder tube collection of nicotine from the smoke of three types of cigarette differing in smoke acidity and nicotine volatility. Simulations predict that the absorption of water by aerosol particles inhibits nicotine vapor deposition to tube walls, and that increased temperature, decreased tube diameter, and increased dilution enhance nicotine vapor deposition rate. The combined effect of changing these four parameters to approximate the transition from conducting to gas exchange regions of the respiratory tract was a significant net increase in predicted nicotine vapor deposition rate. Comparisons of nicotine deposition rates between conditions in the conducting airways and those in the gas exchange region were informative with regard to reported nicotine retention measurements during human smoking. Reports that vaporizable nicotine can penetrate past the conducting airways, that nicotine can be retained at near 100% efficiency from mainstream smoke, and that cigarettes with differing acidity and nicotine volatility have similar nicotine uptake rates are all shown to be consistent with the results of the model simulations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Medical Technology, and Physics, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, NJ, 07764, USA. bingebre@monmouth.edu
authors.forename: Bradley J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Ingebrethsen
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D008954:Models, Biological; D009538:Nicotine / Q000737:chemistry*; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis*; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D012906:Smoke; D009538:Nicotine