title: Febrile neutropenia in paediatric peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, in -vitro sensitivity data and clinical response to empirical antibiotic therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To find the in-vitro sensitivity data and clinical response in order to determine the changes required in empiric antibiotic therapy for management of febrile neutropenia in paediatric patients undergoing peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paediatric bone marrow transplant unit at Bismillah Taqee Institute of Health Sciences and Blood Disease Center from September 1999 to May 2004.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients were treated according to institutional protocol for febrile neutropenia. Empirical antibiotics include Ceftriaxone and Amikacin. In non-responders, changes made included Imipenem and Amikacin, Piperacillin Tazobactum/Tiecoplanin or Vancomycin/Cloxacilin/Ceftazidime. In non-responders, amphotaracin was added until recovery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 52 patients, 5 did not develop any fever; in the remaining 47 patients there were 57 episodes of febrile neutropenia. The mean days of febrile episodes were 4.71 (range 3-8). Fever of unknown origin (FUO) occurred in 31 (54.3%) episodes. Microbiologically documented infection (MDI) occurred in 17 (29.8%) episodes of fever. Clinically documented infection (CDI) occurred in 9 (15.7%) episodes. Gram-negative organisms were isolated in 10 while gram-positive organisms in 7. Klebseilla, S. aureus were the most common isolates. Empirical therapy was effective in 12 of the 33 (36%) episodes. Out of 28, 26 (92%) responded to Imipenem/Amikacin as second line therapy while those who received any other second line combination, only 11 out of 22 (50%) showed response. Systemic Amphotericin was used in 4 patients, 2 responded. Infection related mortality rate was 4%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gram-negative infections predominated, Imipenem/ Amikacin found to be most effective therapy while a low mortality rate is recorded in our setting suggesting good infection control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, Bismillah Taqee Institute of Health Sciences & Blood Disease Centre, Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Karachi.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nasim
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Irfan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ishaque
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Farzana
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Panjwani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taj
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Shamsi
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D005334:Fever / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D036102:Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents