title: Revisiting the plant hyperaccumulation criteria to rare plants and earth abundant elements.
abstract: The several established criteria to define a hyperaccumulator plant were applied to a rare and endangered species, Plantago almogravensis, and to the 3rd most abundant element in the earth crust, Al. Using the most common criteria, P. almogravensis undoubtedly is an Al hyperaccumulator plant. If the recent proposed requirements were considered, most of them matching those for a plant to be used in phytoextraction, it can only be considered an unusual accumulator of Al. A discussion is made concerning the several criteria of a hyperaccumulator plant in order to include rare and endemic ones and abundant elements. In ecological terms, the enrichment in Al and Fe observed may account for the differences in the vegetation pattern. Due to the rarity and endangered nature of this plant, the contribution of this work is also relevant for the ecological understanding and the development of conservation options of this endemic species.
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Centro de Ecologia e Biologia Vegetal, Campo Grande C2, Piso 4, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal. cmbranquinho@fc.ul.pt
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Branquinho
authors.forename: Helena Cristina
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Serrano
authors.forename: Manuel João
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Maria Amélia
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martins-Loução
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000535:Aluminum / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D017753:Ecosystem; D004602:Elements; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010943:Plantago / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D004602:Elements; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D000535:Aluminum; D007501:Iron