title: Cell-mediated immunity and the challenges for vaccine development.
abstract: One of the hallmarks of successful vaccination is the induction of strong and persistent memory T cell responses, a process that involves striking changes in the number and functional properties of T cells. Many questions pertaining to this complex, multifaceted process remain unanswered. Some of the key issues and challenges to optimize memory T cell responses and foster vaccine development include the optimization of effector T cell burst sizes, the use of adjuvants, cytokines and co-stimulatory molecules, epitope enhancement and the standardization of techniques to detect specific T cells. Age also has an impact on vaccine design because of the physiological changes in cell-mediated immunity that occur throughout life.
authors.affiliation: Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland, 685 West Baltimore Street, HSF-1, Room 480, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
authors.forename: Rosangela
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salerno-Gonçalves
authors.forename: Marcelo B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Sztein
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000276:immunology; D015195:Drug Design; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D014612:Vaccines