title: Transcriptome-based identification of pro- and antioxidative gene expression in kidney cortex of nitric oxide-depleted rats.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) depletion in rats induces severe endothelial dysfunction within 4 days. Subsequently, hypertension and renal injury develop, which are ameliorated by alpha-tocopherol (VitE) cotreatment. The hypothesis of the present study was that NO synthase (NOS) inhibition induces a renal cortical antioxidative transcriptional response and invokes pro-oxidative and proinflammatory gene expression due to elimination of dampening effects of NO and enhanced oxidative stress. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received NOS inhibitor N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA, 500 mg/l water) for 4 (4d-LNNA), 21 (21d-LNNA), or 21 days with VitE in chow (0.7 g/kg body wt/day). Renal cortical RNA was applied to oligonucleotide rat arrays. In 4d-LNNA, 21d-LNNA, and 21d-LNNA+VitE, 120, 320, and 184 genes were differentially expressed, respectively. Genes related to glutathione and bilirubin synthesis were suppressed during 4d and 21d-LNNA and not corrected by VitE. Proteinuria, tubulointerstitial macrophages, and heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression were strongly correlated. Remarkably, pro-oxidative genes were not induced. Inflammation- and injury-related genes, including kidney injury molecule-1 and osteopontin, were unchanged at day 4, induced at 21d, and partly corrected by VitE. Superimposing HO-1 inhibition on NOS inhibition had no impact on the development of hypertension. To summarize, renal expression of genes involved in synthesis of the antioxidants glutathione and bilirubin seemed directly NO dependent, but there were no direct effects of NO depletion on pro-oxidant systems. This indicates that renal transcriptional regulation of two defense systems, glutathione and bilirubin syntheses, seems to depend upon adequate NO synthesis. Interaction between NO synthesis and heme degradation pathways for blood pressure regulation was not found.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology and Hypertension, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sebastiaan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wesseling
authors.forename: Jaap A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Joles
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Goor
authors.forename: Hans A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Bluyssen
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kemmeren
authors.forename: Frank C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Holstege
authors.forename: Hein A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Koomans
authors.forename: Branko
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Braam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002374:Catalase / Q000235:genetics; D004727:Endothelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005721:Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase / Q000235:genetics; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005981:Glutathione Synthase / Q000235:genetics; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics; D007672:Kidney Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D019335:Nitroarginine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D014810:Vitamin E; D019335:Nitroarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002374:Catalase; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D005721:Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase; D005981:Glutathione Synthase; D005978:Glutathione; D001663:Bilirubin