title: Affective disorders, anxiety disorders and psychological distress in non-drinkers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-drinkers have elevated levels of psychological distress but a recent study reported no elevation in prevalence of diagnosed disorders. We aimed to determine the prevalence of affective and anxiety disorders (from the CIDI-A) in current abstainers and contrast results with findings for psychological distress (K10) in the same sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional, representative household survey of adult Australians.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Non-/occasional drinkers had higher levels of psychological distress than light drinkers, and distress in heavy drinkers was even higher. Heavy drinkers also had the highest rates of most disorders. Non-/occasional drinkers showed significantly elevated prevalence only of dysthymia, agoraphobia and posttraumatic stress disorder compared with light drinkers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Statistical power was limited for investigating low prevalence disorders. History of alcohol consumption was not collected. The CIDI-A and K10 have finite validity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirmed J-shaped relationships between psychological distress and alcohol consumption. Although affective and anxiety disorders also showed non-linear relationships with alcohol consumption, non-/occasional drinkers are not at increased risk for all disorders compared to light drinkers. The pattern of symptomatology in non-/occasional drinkers may be of a different character to that in heavy drinkers, as well as being less severe.
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia. Bryan.Rodgers@anu.edu.au
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rodgers
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Parslow
authors.forename: Louisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Degenhardt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000379:Agoraphobia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D001315:Australia; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019263:Dysthymic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications*; D013695:Temperance / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*