title: Work characteristics and incidence of type 2 diabetes in women.
abstract: The authors prospectively investigated associations between potentially stressful work characteristics and type 2 diabetes incidence in 62,574 young and middle-aged women, aged 29-46 years at baseline in 1993, from the Nurses' Health Study II; 365 cases of type 2 diabetes accrued over 6 years of follow-up. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to simultaneously evaluate associations of hours per week in paid employment, years of rotating night-shift work, and job strain with incidence of type 2 diabetes. In multivariate-adjusted analyses, women working less than 20 hours per week had a lower risk of diabetes (relative risk = 0.80, 95% confidence interval: 0.50, 1.30), and those working overtime (> or =41 hours/week) had an elevated risk of diabetes (relative risk = 1.23, 95% confidence interval: 0.98, 1.55) compared with women working 21-40 hours/week (referent) in paid employment (p(trend) = 0.03). In subsequent analysis, the elevated association appeared stronger in unmarried women (p(interaction) = 0.02). A positive association between years in rotating night-shift work and diabetes was mediated entirely by body weight. Job strain was unrelated to risk of type 2 diabetes. In conclusion, working overtime predicted a slightly elevated risk of type 2 diabetes in young and middle-aged female nurses.
authors.affiliation: Robert Wood Johnson Health and Society Scholars Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA. ckroenke@berkeley.edu
authors.forename: Candyce H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kroenke
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spiegelman
authors.forename: JoAnn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manson
authors.forename: Eva S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Schernhammer
authors.forename: Graham A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Colditz
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kawachi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016272:Occupational Health; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D016387:Women's Health; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance