title: Effect of surface modification of siliconeon Staphylococcus epidermidis adhesion and colonization.
abstract: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts for the treatment of hydrocephalus are generally made of silicone rubber. The growth of bacterial colonies on the silicone surface leads to frequent CSF shunt complications. A systematic study of the effect of the surface modification of silicone on Staphylococcus epidermidis adhesion and colonization was performed for different incubation times by means of colony counting and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Silicone was modified with different biopolymers and silanes, including heparin, hyaluronan, octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS), and fluoroalkylsilane (FAS) to provide a stable and biocompatible surface with different surface functional groups and degrees of hydrophobicity. The modified silicone surfaces were studied by using contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). After 4 and 8 h of incubation, the FAS- and OTS-coated silicone and the hyaluronan coated OTS/silicone surfaces showed significantly reduced bacterial adhesion and colonization compared to blank silicone by both quantification methods. However, the heparin coated OTS/silicone showed significantly increased bacterial adhesion. These results indicate that the nature of the surface functional group and surface roughness determine the extent of bacterial adhesion and colonization. However, the degree of hydrophobicity of the surface did not appear to play a determining role in bacterial adhesion and colonization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
authors.forename: Haiying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Anfeng
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xuemei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Steven O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Salley
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: McAllister
authors.forename: K Y Simon
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Ng
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D004866:Equipment Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000628:therapy; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D012826:Silicone Elastomers; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D012826:Silicone Elastomers