title: Moxifloxacin enhances antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of etoposide but inhibits its proinflammatory effects in THP-1 and Jurkat cells.
abstract: Etoposide (VP-16) is a topoisomerase II (topo II) inhibitor chemotherapeutic agent. Studies indicate that VP-16 enhances proinflammatory cytokines secretion from tumour cells, including IL-8, a chemokine associated with proangiogenic effects. Fluoroquinolones inhibit topo II activity in eukaryotic cells by a mechanism different from that of VP-16. The fluoroquinolone moxifloxacin (MXF) has pronounced anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. We studied the effects of MXF and VP-16 on purified human topo II activity and further analysed their combined activity on proliferation, apoptosis and caspase-3 activity in THP-1 and Jurkat cells. Moxifloxacin alone slightly inhibited the activity of human topo II; however, in combination with VP-16 it led to a 73% reduction in enzyme activity. VP-16 inhibited cell proliferation in a time and dose-dependent manner. The addition of moxifloxacin for 72 h to low-dose VP-16 doubled its cytotoxic effect in THP-1 and Jurkat cells (1.8- and 2.6-fold decrease in cell proliferation, respectively) (P<0.004). Moxifloxacin given alone did not induce apoptosis but enhanced VP-16-induced apoptosis in THP-1 and Jurkat cells (1.8- and two-fold increase in annexin V positive cells and caspase-3 activity, respectively) (P<0.04). VP-16 induced the release of IL-8 in a time and dose-dependent manner from THP-1 cells. Moxifloxacin completely blocked the enhanced release of IL-8 induced by 0.5 and 1 microg ml(-1) VP-16, and decreased IL-8 release from cells incubated for 72 h with 3 microg ml(-1) VP-16 (P<0.001). VP-16 enhanced the release of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha from THP-1 cells, whereas the addition of MXF prevented the enhanced cytokine secretion (P<0.001). We conclude that MXF significantly enhances VP-16 cytotoxicity in tumour-derived cells while preventing VP-16-induced proinflammatory cytokine release. This unique combination may have clinical benefits and cytotoxic drug 'sparing effect' and should be further studied in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel. inaf@post.tau.ac.il
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fabian
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reuveni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Levitov
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Halperin
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Priel
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shalit
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D004278:DNA, Superhelical / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005047:Etoposide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D010957:Plasmids / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011804:Quinolines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D001372:Aza Compounds; D004278:DNA, Superhelical; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016209:Interleukin-8; D011804:Quinolines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005047:Etoposide; D053148:Caspase 3; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II; D000077266:Moxifloxacin