title: Associations between ghrelin levels in serum of preterm infants and enteral nutritional state during the first 6 months after birth.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have suggested a possible influence of ghrelin on foetal growth. After birth, the regulation of this newly discovered orexigenic peptide is largely unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the relationship between circulating levels of ghrelin and enteral nutritional state in preterm infants during the first months of life.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ghrelin levels were measured in a cross-sectional study by radioimmunoassay on the second day after birth (n = 51), at 3 months (n = 63) and at 6 months (n = 53) of corrected postnatal age. Complete data sets of auxological parameters, biochemical values, perinatal diseases, nutritional management and therapy were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All infants showed levels of ghrelin in postnatal serum. In correlation analyses and multivariable linear regression models, ghrelin was strongly related to enteral caloric intake on the second day after birth (all P < 0.01). At 6 months of corrected postnatal age, infants who were exclusively breastfed/formula fed had significantly lower ghrelin levels than infants with solid foods (Mann-Whitney U-test: P = 0.027).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ghrelin levels were positively correlated with the enteral nutritional state in preterm infants on the second day after birth. The introduction of solid foods increased the ghrelin levels in a group of preterm infants at 6 months of corrected postnatal age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Germany. Axel.Huebler@med.uni-jena
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hübler
authors.forename: Constance
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rippel
authors.forename: Eberhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kauf
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hoyer
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mainz
authors.forename: Dorothea
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schlenvoigt
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schramm
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001903:Bottle Feeding; D001942:Breast Feeding; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D002149:Energy Intake; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D054439:Ghrelin; D006801:Humans; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000097:blood* / Q000254:growth & development; D016014:Linear Models; D009752:Nutritional Status; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011863:Radioimmunoassay / Q000379:methods; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D054439:Ghrelin; D036361:Peptide Hormones