title: PKCgamma knockout mouse lenses are more susceptible to oxidative stress damage.
abstract: Cataracts, or lens opacities, are the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Cataracts increase with age and environmental insults, e.g. oxidative stress. Lens homeostasis depends on functional gap junctions. Knockout or missense mutations of lens gap junction proteins, Cx46 or Cx50, result in cataractogenesis in mice. We have previously demonstrated that protein kinase Cgamma (PKCgamma) regulates gap junctions in the lens epithelium and cortex. In the current study, we further determined whether PKCgamma control of gap junctions protects the lens from cataractogenesis induced by oxidative stress in vitro, using PKCgamma knockout and control mice as our models. The results demonstrate that PKCgamma knockout lenses are normal at 2 days post-natal when compared to control. However, cell damage, but not obvious cataract, was observed in the lenses of 6-week-old PKCgamma knockout mice, suggesting that the deletion of PKCgamma causes lenses to be more susceptible to damage. Furthermore, in vitro incubation or lens oxidative stress treatment by H(2)O(2) significantly induced lens opacification (cataract) in the PKCgamma knockout mice when compared to controls. Biochemical and structural results also demonstrated that H(2)O(2) activation of endogenous PKCgamma resulted in phosphorylation of Cx50 and subsequent inhibition of gap junctions in the lenses of control mice, but not in the knockout. Deletion of PKCgamma altered the arrangement of gap junctions on the cortical fiber cell surface, and completely abolished the inhibitory effect of H(2)O(2) on lens gap junctions. Data suggest that activation of PKCgamma is an important mechanism regulating the closure of the communicating pathway mediated by gap junction channels in lens fiber cells. The absence of this regulatory mechanism in the PKCgamma knockout mice may cause those lenses to have increased susceptibility to oxidative damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
authors.forename: Dingbo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Micheal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lobell
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Madgwick
authors.forename: Denton
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shanks
authors.forename: Lloyd
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Willard
authors.forename: Guido A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Zampighi
authors.forename: Dolores J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Takemoto
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D002386:Cataract / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017630:Connexins / Q000378:metabolism; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D017629:Gap Junctions / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000502:physiology*; D000099264:Connexin 50
chemical_list: D017630:Connexins; D005136:Eye Proteins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D000099264:Connexin 50; C087857:protein kinase C gamma