title: Perspectives on dyslipidemia and coronary heart disease in women: an update.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Coronary heart disease remains the most common cause of death among women. This review summarizes observational studies of lipoproteins and coronary heart disease risk and randomized trials of lipid-lowering therapy among women and reviews progress in the implementation of proven therapies in clinical practice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recent studies confirm the strong relationship between lipoproteins and coronary heart disease development among women and extend these observations to more diverse populations. The apoprotein B/A-1 ratio is emerging as the strongest marker of coronary heart disease risk while enthusiasm for the importance of small dense LDL particles appears to be waning. International observational data re-affirm the importance of traditional risk factors in coronary heart disease development. Recent clinical trials suggest that intensive therapy with statins may provide incremental benefits. While there is progress in awareness, treatment and control of dyslipidemia, substantial proportions of women (and men) remain untreated or undertreated in the US and elsewhere.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dyslipidemia and coronary heart disease risk among women are closely linked. The benefits of lipid-lowering treatment are well documented, but the full potential of such therapies has yet to be realized, in part due to delayed diagnosis of dyslipidemia, underutilization of therapy by providers, and poor adherence to treatment among patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. vbittner@uab.edu
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bittner
mesh_terms: D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000187:drug effects; D015415:Biomarkers; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; D015415:Biomarkers; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents