title: Bone mineral density in survivors of childhood brain tumours.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Osteopenia has been reported in children surviving acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, apparently as consequence of therapy. Few studies have been published on bone mineral density (BMD) evaluation in children surviving from brain tumours. The endocrine system in these patients is frequently affected as consequence of therapeutic interventions such as cranial irradiation and anti-neoplastic agents: growth hormone deficiency is the most common adverse sequel. The pathogenesis of osteopenia in brain cancer survivors is multi-factorial but still uncertain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to examine bone mass in 12 brain cancer survivors and its relationship with their hormonal status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed that most of the patients had a BMD that was lower than normal in both the lumbar column and in the femoral neck. Bone mass loss was higher in the lumbar region rather than in the femoral neck, due to spinal radiation therapy and to the effect of hormonal deficiencies. Particularly hypogonadism, but also multiple hormonal deficiencies, are associated with lower BMD values. Experience in clinical care of these patients suggests the importance of periodic evaluations of BMD, especially in those with secondary hormone deficiencies. Moreover, the periodic assessment of the hypothalamus-pituitary function is essential for an early diagnosis of hormonal insufficiency, primarily hypogonadism, to precociously detect bone mineral loss and to prevent pathological fractures, thus improving the quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petraroli
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: D'Alessio
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ausili
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barini
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Caradonna
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Riccardi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caldarelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rossodivita
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D017741:Survivors
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents