title: Changes in vagal tone with posture in asthma are related to changes in ventilatory pattern.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Posturally induced changes in minute ventilation in patients may be autonomically driven. This study aimed to test whether changes in autonomic tone with posture differed between normal and asthmatic subjects and whether this related to changes in indices of ventilation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients with type 1 brittle asthma (BA), 10 with non-brittle, severe asthma (SA), 10 with mild asthma (MA) and 10 normal individuals were studied lying flat, at 60 degrees head up tilt and flat again each for 30min, assessing end-tidal CO(2) (ETCO(2)), respiratory rate and autonomic tone by heart rate variability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parasympathetic tone (as high-frequency [HF] power) fell on tilt in all four groups, all showing increases in LF (low frequency)/HF ratio (sympatho-vagal balance) on tilt (BA, 2.03-4.9; SA, 3.3-8.2; MA, 1.5-4.9; normals, 2.3-6.6). ETCO(2) on tilt fell significantly in all 3 asthma groups (BA, DeltaETCO(2) -0.4, 95% CIs -0.18 to -0.75, P=0.005; SA, -0.7, 95% CIs -0.27 to -1.16, P=0.004; MA, -0.5, 95% CIs -0.14 to -0.78, P=0.01) but not in normals (-0.1, 95% CIs +0.23 to -0.49). The fall in ETCO(2) on tilt correlated with the fall in HF power in all three asthma groups but not in normal subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes in vagal tone posture are seen on tilt in both normal and asthmatic subjects which relate to changes in ETCO(2) only in asthmatic subjects. This provides support for the hypothesis that hyper-ventilatory response to postural change in asthma is autonomically influenced.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital NHS Trust, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mukhopadhyay
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bates
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manney
authors.forename: Jon G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Ayres
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013147:Spirometry; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014797:Vital Capacity