title: Hot and cool aspects of cognitive control in children with ADHD: decision-making and inhibition.
abstract: This study investigated hot and cool aspects of cognitive control in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The study aimed to: (1) replicate the postulated response inhibition deficit of children with ADHD; (2) explore whether children with ADHD choose disadvantageously in a decision-making task and to explore the mechanisms underlying the expected response pattern; and (3) study whether performance on a combination of hot and cool executive control measures has predictive value for an ADHD diagnosis. The sample consisted of 20 children with ADHD and 22 normal developing children (NC, 8 to 12 years) matched on age, FSIQ, and gender. Two paradigms have been applied: (1) the stop signal paradigm, and (2) the adapted children's version of the IOWA Gambling task. There were no group differences for both paradigms. Both groups chose in a reward-oriented manner and seemed to develop the ability to take future consequences into account in making decisions. Moreover, feedback resulted in direct behavioral changes. Children with ADHD did not have a specific response inhibition deficit or a decision-making deficit.
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychonomics, University of Amsterdam, Roetersstraat 15, 1018 WB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. h.m.geurts@uva.nl
authors.forename: Hilde M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Geurts
authors.forename: Saskia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van der Oord
authors.forename: Eveline A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Crone
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012201:Reward; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires