title: Concurrent pathological and bacteriological findings in the urogenital organs and mammary glands of sows culled because of chronic vulvovaginal discharge and swine urogenital disease (SUGD): a case study.
abstract: The urogenital organs and mammary glands of sows, culled because of excessive vulval discharge, milking problems, and urogenital infections (swine urogenital disease, SUGD) in their history (n=1070 sows) were examined. The culled sows were assigned to three groups according to parity: parity 1 (n=356); 2-6 (n=354); and >6 (n=360). Necropsy findings associated with these groups were analysed separately. Bacteriological examination of vulval discharges was performed. Escherichia coli and a large number of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms were found in all samples of vulval discharge. Except ovarian degeneration and oedematous endometrium, older sows had more (P<0.05) pathological changes in the oviduct, ovaries, and uteri than younger (parity 1) sows. More (P<0.05) parity 1 sows had hyperaemic and congested vaginal walls and haemorrhages into the vaginal lumen than sows of higher parity, which suffered more (P<0.05) from accumulation of purulent material in the vaginal lumen, fibrinopurulent exudate adherent to the wall of the vagina, multifocal vaginal erosions and ulcerations, and purulent, mucopurulent or purulohaemorrhagic exudate in the vagina or on the cervix. Except acute pyelonephritis, mucosal hyperaemia, and congestion of the urinary bladder, more (P<0.05) sows of higher parity had pathological changes in their urinary organs. More (P<0.05) parity 1 sows had acute or chronic purulent exudative mastitis than sows of higher parity, which had more (P<0.05) mammary gland abscessation, mammary gland cysts, and fibrous mastitis. All parity 2-6 and >6 sows had mammary gland and bladder changes, parity >6 sows had changes in the kidney, and renal pelvis, and parity 1 sows had mammary gland changes. Most parity 1 sows had bladder, kidney, and renal pelvis alterations and most parity 2-6 animals had pathological kidney and renal pelvis changes.
authors.affiliation: Bilkei Consulting, Bahnhofstrasse 42, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Wanyoike
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bilkei
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D052776:Female Urogenital Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005831:Genital Diseases, Female / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005836:Genitalia, Female / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D007774:Lactation; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D009426:Netherlands; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D012098:Reproduction; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D019522:Vaginal Discharge / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D014844:Vulva / Q000378:metabolism