title: Prenatal and birth complications in autism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prenatal and birth history as potential sources of risk factors in relation to the onset of autism were examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 164 families of autistic children referred to The Autism Center at New Jersey Medical School-UMDNJ, Newark, New Jersey, over a two-year period was studied. Intake prenatal and birth history information was obtained from each family and reviewed by a clinician.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence rates in this cohort for vaginal bleeding, prolonged labor and prematurity were higher than comparable rates reported nationally and in New Jersey. Clustering of multiple prenatal risk factors was observed. This clustering was associated with the age of the mother, but uncorrelated with birth order.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support the general hypothesis that systemic problems at the prenatal stage may form a distinct dimension of risk associated with autism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, New Jersey Medical School - UMDNJ, Newark, NJ, USA. brimacmb@umdnj.edu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brimacombe
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ming
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lamendola
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008429:Maternal Welfare / Q000145:classification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009099:Multiple Birth Offspring / Q000523:psychology; D009515:New Jersey / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology