title: An organic white light-emitting fluorophore.
abstract: The synthesis of new benzo[a]- and [b]xanthene dye frameworks is described. A unique benzo[a]xanthene, seminaphtho[a]fluorone (SNAFR-1), is studied in a variety of media. The optimization of solution parameters and excitation wavelengths allows SNAFR-1 to display red, green, and blue emission bands of approximately equal intensities and also to produce white light. Ratiometric red (anion) and green (neutral) emissions are observed upon varying solution pH. A pH-independent violet-blue emission band is due to the addition of nucleophiles to the benzylic carbon of SNAFR-1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
authors.forename: Youjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lowry
authors.forename: Corin M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Schowalter
authors.forename: Sayo O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Fakayode
authors.forename: Jorge O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Escobedo
authors.forename: Xiangyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Huating
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Frank R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Fronczek
authors.forename: Isiah M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Strongin
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008027:Light; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes