title: p27kip1 siRNA induces proliferation in corneal endothelial cells from young but not older donors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether small interfering (si)RNA downregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27kip1 overcomes G(1)-phase arrest and promotes cell-cycle progression in human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) from young (<30 years old) and older (>60 years old) donors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transfection of siRNA was confirmed by incubating confluent cultures of HCECs with FITC-labeled nonsilencing siRNA. Confluent cultures were transfected for 48 hours with p27kip1 siRNA (2.5, 5, 25, or 100 nM) or nonsilencing siRNA, with a lipid transfection reagent. As a comparison, cultures were also transfected for 48 hours with p27kip1 antisense (AS) or missense (MS) oligonucleotides (oligo). At various times after transfection, cells were fixed for immunocytochemical localization of p27kip1 or extracted for Western blot analysis to assess relative p27kip1 protein levels. Cultures were also prepared for ZO-1 immunolocalization, to assess the effect of transfection on the morphology of the monolayer. The number of cells was counted at 0, 48, 96, 144, and 192 hours after incubation, and a cell-viability assay was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A dose-dependent decrease in p27kip1 protein level was observed in Western blot analysis, and nuclear staining for p27kip1 was greatly reduced in HCECs incubated with p27kip1 siRNA. No change in p27kip1 levels or in nuclear staining was observed in the nonsilencing control. p27kip1 siRNA (25 nM) appeared to be quantitatively more efficient than antisense oligonucleotide (500 nM) in reducing p27kip1 protein levels. Viability was less affected by siRNA treatment than by AS oligo transfection. ZO-1 staining showed no effect on morphology of the monolayer. The number of HCECs from young donors (<30 years old) transfected with p27kip1 siRNA increased up to 144 hours after incubation, whereas no change in the number of cells was observed in HCECs transfected with nonsilencing siRNA. In contrast to the results from young donors, no change in the number of cells was observed at any time point tested in HCECs from older donors (>60 years old) after p27kip1 siRNA transfection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transfection of p27kip1 siRNA was sufficient to promote proliferation in confluent cultures of HCECs from younger, but not older donors. These results suggest that inhibition of proliferation in older donors is regulated by other mechanisms in addition to p27kip1.
authors.affiliation: Schepens Eye Research Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Michiharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Senoo
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Obara
authors.forename: Nancy C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Joyce
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002453:Cell Cycle; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004728:Endothelium, Corneal / Q000166:cytology*; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology; D034622:RNA Interference / Q000502:physiology; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000502:physiology*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27