title: Early pathogenic events associated with Sjögren's syndrome (SjS)-like disease of the NOD mouse using microarray analysis.
abstract: Recently, we reported development of the C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mouse carrying two genetic intervals derived from the NOD mouse. These two genetic regions confer full Sjögren's syndrome (SjS)-like disease in SjS-non-susceptible C57BL/6 mice. The current study was undertaken to apply microarray technology to define the molecular basis underlying onset of SjS-disease in C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice. Using oligonucleotide microarrays, gene expression profiles of submandibular glands derived from 8- to 12-week-old C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice and 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice were performed for comparison. Significant differential expressions were determined using the Mann-Whitney U test. Hybridizations using submandibular cDNA probes revealed 75 differentially expressed genes at 8 weeks and 105 differentially expressed genes at 12 weeks of age in C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice compared to 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice. These genes were related generally to basic cellular activities such as transcription, translation, DNA replication, and protein folding. During the predisease phase, genes upregulated encode proteins associated with the IFN-gamma signal-transduction-pathway (Jak/Stat1), TLR-3 (Irf3 and Traf6) and apoptosis (casp11 and casp3), indicative of chronic proinflammatory stimuli, especially IL-1. Between 8 and 12 weeks of age, sets of clustered genes were upregulated that are associated with adaptive immune responses, especially B cell activation, proliferation and differentiation (Baffr, Taci, Bcma, Blys, April, CD70, CD40L, Traf1, Traf3, Pax5, c-Jun, Elk1 and Nf-kB), and neural receptors (Taj/Troy). Altered gene expressions of TLR3 and TNF-superfamily-receptors and ligands during this early phase of SjS suggest a possible viral etiology in the altered glandular homeostasis with an upregulated, possibly overstimulated, B-lymphocyte activation in the early autoimmune response present in the submandibular glands. The importance of NF-kappaB as a critical signal transduction pathway is also suggested but its link is not yet clear.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
authors.forename: Smruti J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Killedar
authors.forename: Smruti Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Killedar
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Eckenrode
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: McIndoe
authors.forename: Jin-Xiong
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: She
authors.forename: Cuong Q
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Ammon B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Peck
authors.forename: Seunghee R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: Seunghee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cha
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D007766:Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012466:Salivary Gland Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013363:Submandibular Gland / Q000378:metabolism*