title: Differences for gender, weight and exercise in body image disturbance and eating disorder symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Differences for gender, weight, exercise frequency and type for eating disorder symptoms and body image disturbance were examined. Further understanding of male body image disturbance was the primary goal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Males (n=200) and females (n=233) completed measures to assess eating disorder symptoms and multiple components of body image disturbance. Measures were modified to be more appropriate for males.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Females endorsed higher levels of eating and body concerns. Males were divided between a desire to maintain, increase or decrease their size. Higher weight and exercise frequency was associated with increased body image concern and eating disorder symptoms, particularly for males. Exercise frequency was also linked to higher self-esteem for males. Males who used muscle-enhancing supplements indicated increased social pressures and concern for appearance, and a desire to increase their size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings support that weight and exercise frequency affect eating disorder symptoms and body image disturbance. Males appear to exhibit body image disturbance, which is related to their current weight status. Results support the call for further development of measures that more adequately address male concerns.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA 70402, USA. pvarnado@selu.edu
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Varnado-Sullivan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Horton
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Savoy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001828:Body Image; D001835:Body Weight; D015897:Comorbidity; D004038:Diet, Reducing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015444:Exercise; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012649:Self Concept; D012737:Sex Factors; D012945:Social Values; D014891:Weight Lifting / Q000706:statistics & numerical data