title: Do antibiotics contribute to postoperative ileus? Contractile responses of ileum smooth muscle in Guinea pigs to long-term parenteral ceftriaxone and ampicillin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antibiotics may impair small bowel smooth muscle contractility and contribute to postoperative ileus. The aim of this study was to compare the contractile responses of ileum smooth muscle to different agonists in guinea pigs treated with ceftriaxone (Rocephin; F. Hoffman-La Roche, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland) or ampicillin (Ampisina; Mustafa Nevzat Ilaç Sanayii AS, Istanbul, Turkey).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four adult guinea pigs were randomly divided into three groups. Whereas eight of these received ceftriaxone sodium (100 mg/kg per day, i.m.) for 10 days, another eight guinea pigs received ampicillin (50 mg/kg per day, i.m.) for 10 days and the remaining eight served as the control group receiving 1 mL distilled water during 10 days as placebo. By the end of 10 days, the animals were killed and their ilea were excised. Ileum segments were placed in an organ bath; concentration-response relationship for carbachol and histamine were obtained by adding the reagent cumulatively to the bath.
  
  
  RESULTS
  pD(2) values being the same, maximum contractile responses (E(max)) to carbachol and histamine were significantly reduced in the ceftriaxone sodium group compared with the control group. No significant differences in E(max) and pD(2) values to carbachol and histamine were observed between the ampicillin group and the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that whereas ceftriaxone may impair small bowel smooth muscle contractility, ampicillin does not. There are implications for the long-term use of parenteral antibiotics in the postoperative period.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatric Surgery and Department of Pharmacology, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey. cceran@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Canan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ceran
authors.forename: Baris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Karadas
authors.forename: Tijen
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arpacik
authors.forename: Ihsan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bagcivan
authors.forename: Bülent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sarac
mesh_terms: D000667:Ampicillin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007082:Ileum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D045823:Ileus / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002443:Ceftriaxone; D000667:Ampicillin