title: Increased regional interleukin-4 during the acute stage of severe intracranial disorders.
abstract: Interleukin (IL)-4 levels in the internal jugular vein were measured during the acute stage in patients with head injuries, subarachnoid hemorrhage, or intracerebral hemorrhage to investigate the prognostic value. Levels of IL-4, interferon (IFN)-gamma, glucose, and lactate, and oxygen saturation were measured in the internal jugular vein to investigate cerebral local reactions and in the radial artery as a control at admission and 4 hours after onset. The subjects were divided into a survival group and a deceased group. IL-4 levels were high in the internal jugular veins and arterio-jugular venous differences in oxygen content (AjDO(2)) were low at 4 hours after onset in the deceased group. Increased glucose and lactate levels were found at 4 hours after onset in the deceased group. No significant difference was found for IFN-gamma. The severity of cerebral disorders evaluated using AjDO(2) showed a negative correlation with intracerebral IL-4 level. This finding suggests that secretion of IL-4, which has a neuroprotective effect, may increase with the severity of neuropathy and may be useful as a prognostic index.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan. mkatsuno@nms.ac.jp
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katsuno
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teramoto
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood*; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015847:Interleukin-4