title: Acute smoke-induced endothelial dysfunction is more prolonged in smokers than in non-smokers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the study was to compare acute endothelial dysfunction caused by smoking one cigarette between smokers and non-smokers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty volunteers, 15 smokers and 15 non-smokers, were asked to smoke the same type of cigarette and endothelial function was assessed by FMD (flow mediated dilatation) at fast, 30, 60 and 90 min post-smoking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall response of FMD after smoking was significantly different between smokers and non-smokers (p=0.011). Endothelial dysfunction after smoking remained significant for 1-h in smokers (p=0.002), but only for 30 min in non-smokers (p=<0.001). FMD 1-h after smoking was significantly higher in non-smokers than in smokers (p=0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smokers seem to have sustained and more intensive unfavourable effects in endothelial function than non-smokers after smoking one cigarette. It is possible that long-term smoking diminishes the capacity of endothelium to counterbalance external factors that cause endothelial dysfunction.
authors.forename: Kalliopi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karatzi
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Papamichael
authors.forename: Emmanouil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karatzis
authors.forename: Theodore G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Papaioannou
authors.forename: Kimon
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stamatelopoulos
authors.forename: Nikolaos A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Zakopoulos
authors.forename: Antonis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zampelas
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lekakis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology*