title: Cardioprotective effect of aprotinin on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury during cardiopulmonary bypass.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aprotinin is a serine protease inhibitor used extensively in cardiac operations to reduce postoperative bleeding. It also has cardioprotective effects in ischemia/reperfusion injury. In this study, the effects of aprotinin on the release of cardiac markers were evaluated in patients who had good ventricular function and were undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty male patients with an ejection fraction >or=40%, were randomized into either an aprotinin (Group-I; n=40) or control (Group-II; n=40) group. Patients in the aprotinin group received the full Hammersmith doses of aprotinin (2 x 10(6) KIU pre-CPB, 2 x 10(6) KIU at pump prime, 500,000 KIU/h during CPB), whereas the patients in the control group received only saline solutions. Cardiac troponin-I (cTnI) levels were measured before surgery, immediately after surgery, and at postoperative 6(th), 12(th), 24(th) h and 5(th) day. Creatine kinase (CK)-MB measurements were performed at the same time except for the postoperative 5(th) day. Cardiac index (CI), mixed venous oxygen saturation and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) measurements were also performed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although all patients were in reasonable condition, less myocardial enzyme leakage occurred on the aprotinin group, suggesting that aprotinin has a protective effect on the myocardium beyond that achieved with blood cardioplegia and systemic hypothermia. Because of aprotinin's effects on multiple targets of metabolism, its protective value might increase in more complicated cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Reanimation, Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Center, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Pelin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Karaca
authors.forename: Cüneyt
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Konuralp
authors.forename: Yavuz
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Enc
authors.forename: Asuman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Süzer
authors.forename: Onur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sokullu
authors.forename: Umut
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ayoglu
authors.forename: Sertac
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cicek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D007611:Aprotinin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000601:surgery; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form / Q000097:blood; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000503:physiopathology; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020107:Troponin T / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; D020107:Troponin T; D007611:Aprotinin; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form