title: Eat the meat or feed the meat: protein turnover in remodeling muscle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present review outlines the role of muscle protein turnover in muscle remodeling, with emphasis on the effects of nutrition and exercise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Progress in our understanding of the pathways signaling and regulating protein synthesis and degradation, and thus protein turnover, in skeletal muscle has been substantial over the past decade. Protein synthesis and degradation jointly allow the active remodeling of skeletal muscle to adapt to changes in mechanical and metabolic demand. Nutrition and exercise are potent ways to stimulate protein turnover. This occurs in an amino acid and exercise-type (resistance versus endurance) and mode (lengthening and shortening)-specific manner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For optimal muscle remodeling, the timing and type of feeding and exercise appear to be crucial.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Department of Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands. matthijs.hesselink@bw.unimaas.nl
authors.forename: Matthijs K C
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Hesselink
authors.forename: Ronnie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Minnaard
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schrauwen
mesh_terms: D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins