title: Elimination of IL-13 reverses established goblet cell metaplasia into ciliated epithelia in airway epithelial cell culture.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interleukin (IL)-13 induces goblet cell metaplasia and plays an important role in mucus hypersecretion in asthma. We previously reported that IL-13 induced goblet cell differentiation along with less ciliated cell differentiation in guinea pig tracheal epithelial cells in vitro. In this study, we asked whether elimination of IL-13 could reverse the established goblet cell metaplasia into ciliated epithelia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary epithelial cells from guinea pig tracheas were cultured at an air-liquid interface with the medium containing human recombinant IL-13 for 14 days, and continuously cultured with IL-13-eliminated medium, or cultured under the condition of neutralization of IL-13 with anti IL-13 antibody.
  
  
  RESULTS
  2 days after elimination of IL-13, the periodic acid-Schiff-positive area as well as MUC5AC protein level rapidly decreased. After 4 days, the number of goblet cells dramatically decreased, while that of ciliated cells inversely increased. The total number of epithelial cells did not change, and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine uptake decreased after IL-13 elimination. Transitional cells with cilia and secretory granules increased after IL-13 elimination. Similarly, the neutralization of IL-13 with anti-IL-13 antibody for 5 days reversed the goblet cell metaplasia into ciliated epithelia, and transitional cells also increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elimination of IL-13 reverses goblet cell metaplasia into ciliated epithelia in vitro, and transition of goblet cells to other phenotypes, especially ciliated cells, may be involved in this phenomenon. IL-13 inhibition may be a therapeutic strategy of established goblet cell metaplasia in asthma.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tamaoki
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeyama
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Isono
authors.forename: Kiyomi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawatani
authors.forename: Takehiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Izumo
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nagai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D020397:Goblet Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000276:immunology; D008679:Metaplasia / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D018793:Interleukin-13