title: Chlamydial type III secretion system is encoded on ten operons preceded by sigma 70-like promoter elements.
abstract: Many gram-negative bacterial pathogens employ type III secretion systems for infectious processes. Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria that encode a conserved type III secretion system that is likely requisite for growth. Typically, genes encoding type III secretion systems are located in a single locus; however, for chlamydiae these genes are scattered throughout the genome. Little is known regarding the gene regulatory mechanisms for this essential virulence determinant. To facilitate identification of cis-acting transcriptional regulatory elements, the operon structure was determined. This analysis revealed 10 operons that contained 37 genes associated with the type III secretion system. Linkage within these operons suggests a role in type III secretion for each of these genes, including 13 genes encoding proteins with unknown function. The transcriptional start site for each operon was determined. In conjunction with promoter activity assays, this analysis revealed that the type III secretion system operons encode sigma(70)-like promoter elements. Transcriptional initiation by a sigma factor responsible for constitutive gene expression indicates that undefined activators or repressors regulate developmental stage-specific expression of chlamydial type III secretion system genes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, 140 Earl Warren Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors.forename: P Scott
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Hefty
authors.forename: Richard S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Stephens
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / Q000235:genetics*; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D009876:Operon; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012808:Sigma Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D024363:Transcription Initiation Site; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D012808:Sigma Factor; D037521:Virulence Factors; C081775:RNA polymerase sigma 70; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases