title: Microwave irradiation for shortening the processing time of samples of flagellated bacteria for scanning electron microscopy.
abstract: Microwave irradiation (MWI) has been applied to the development of rapid methods to process biological samples for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In this paper we propose two simple and quick techniques for processing bacteria (Proteus mirabilis and Vibrio mimicus) for SEM using MWI. In the simplest methodology, the bacteria were placed on a cover-glass, air-dried, and submitted to conductivity stain. The reagent used for the conductivity stain was the mordant of a light microscopy staining method (10 ml of 5% carbolic acid solution, 2 g of tannic acid, and 10 ml of saturated aluminum sulfate 12-H2O). In the second method the samples were double fixed (glutaraldehyde and then osmium), submitted to conductivity stain, dehydrated through a series of ethanol solutions of increasing concentration, treated with hexamethyldisilazine (HMDS), and dried at 35 degrees C for 5 minutes. In both methods the steps from fixation to treatment with HMDS were done under MWI for 2 minutes in an ice-water bath, in order to dissipate the heat generated by the MWI. Although both techniques preserve bacterial morphology adequately, the latter, technique showed the best preservation, including the appearance of flagella, and that process was completed in less than 2 hours at temperatures of MWI between 4 to 5 degrees C.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Microbiologia and Centro de Investigación en Estructuras Microscópicas, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica. hchavarr@cariari.ucr.ac.cr
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hernández-Chavarría
mesh_terms: D005407:Flagella / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods*; D008872:Microwaves; D011513:Proteus mirabilis / Q000528:radiation effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods*; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D016707:Tissue Fixation / Q000379:methods; D044164:Vibrio mimicus / Q000528:radiation effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure