title: Polymorphisms in folate metabolizing genes and risk for spontaneous preterm and small-for-gestational age birth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Variants in the folate metabolism pathway affect the accumulation of homocysteine are modified by nutrient levels and have been linked to adverse birth outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the relationship among MTHFR(677), MTHFR(1298), MTR(2756), MTRR(66), and SHMT1(1420), dietary folate intake, and preterm and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth in a nested case-control study of black and white women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  White carriers of SHMT1(1420)T or MTRR(66)A had an increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth (odds ratio [OR] = 1.9, 95% CI 1.1-3.1; OR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.1-3.6 respectively). In black women, there appeared to be an interaction between dietary folate intake and the SHMT1(1420)T variant allele, such that only carriers who also were in the lowest quartile of dietary folate intake had higher risk of spontaneous preterm birth (OR = 2.6, 95% CI 0.8-8.0) and SGA (OR = 2.9, 95% CI 0.9-8.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest the possibility of a direct or indirect role for the SHMT1(1420)T variant in spontaneous preterm or SGA births.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.forename: Andrew F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Olshan
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Siega-Riz
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Savitz
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Chanock
mesh_terms: D013766:5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D044383:Black People / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005287:Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D012696:Glycine Hydroxymethyltransferase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000502:physiology*; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000235:genetics*; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D005492:Folic Acid; C111241:methionine synthase reductase; D005287:Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); D013766:5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase; D012696:Glycine Hydroxymethyltransferase