title: Effect of a short-term diet and exercise intervention in youth on atherosclerotic risk factors.
abstract: Early stages of atherosclerosis are commonly noted in youth. The present study was designed to examine the effects of lifestyle modification in 19 overweight children (age 8-17) who were placed on a high-fiber, low-fat diet in a 2-week residential program where food was provided ad libitum and daily exercise (2-2.5h) was performed. In each subject, pre- and post-intervention fasting blood was drawn to measure serum lipids, oxidative stress marker 8-isoprostaglandin F2alpha (8-iso-PGF2alpha) and generating enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO), soluble intracellular adhesion molecule (sICAM)-1 and sE-selectin as indicators of endothelial activation, the inflammatory protein C-reactive protein (CRP) and total matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Using subject sera and human aortic endothelial cell (HAEC) culture systems, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) production, as well as nitric oxide (NO), superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production were measured in vitro by fluorometric detection. After 2 weeks, significant reductions (p<0.05) in all serum lipids (except HDL cholesterol), 8-iso-PGF2alpha, MPO, sICAM-1, sE-selectin, CRP, MMP-9, and cellular MCP-1 production were noted. Additionally, there was a significant decrease in cultured, serum-stimulated HAEC production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, and a concomitant increase in NO production (all p<0.01), These results indicate amelioration of several traditional as well as novel factors associated with atherosclerosis after lifestyle modification, even in youth without documented disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Science, University of California, 4101 Life Sciences Bldg., 621 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA. croberts@ucla.edu
authors.forename: Christian K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Andrew K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: R James
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Barnard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D050177:Overweight; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D008055:Lipids; D013481:Superoxides; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D015237:Dinoprost; D009195:Peroxidase