title: Variations in orthodontic treatment planning decisions of Class II patients between virtual 3-dimensional models and traditional plaster study models.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Study models provide invaluable information in treatment planning. Digital models have proved to be an effective measurement tool, but their use in treatment planning has not been studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten sets of records of Class II malocclusion subjects (dental study models, lateral cephalograms/tracings, panoramic radiographs, intraoral and extraoral photographs) were used for treatment planning by 20 orthodontists on 2 separate occasions. Digital models were used to evaluate the patients at 1 session and plaster models were used at the other session. Treatment recommendations were scored and compared for agreement. Eleven orthodontists served as the control group, looking at the records on 2 occasions with plaster models for agreement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Good agreement was noted for surgery (P = 1.00, kappa = 0.549), extractions (P = .360, kappa = 0.570), and auxiliary appliances (P = 1.00, kappa = 0.539) for the digital/plaster group. Agreement in the plaster/plaster group for surgery (P = 1.00, kappa = 0.671), extractions (P = 1.00, kappa = 0.626), and auxiliary appliances (P = .791, kappa = 0.672) was also good. Overall proportions of agreement ranged between 0.777 and 0.870 for digital/plaster and 0.818 and 0.873 for plaster/plaster.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no statistical difference in intrarater treatment-planning agreement for Class II malocclusions based on the use of digital models in place of traditional plaster models. Digital orthodontic study models (e-models) are a valid alternative to traditional plaster study models in treatment planning for Class II malocclusion patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Joshua L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Whetten
authors.forename: Philip C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.forename: Giseon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.forename: Connie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Varnhagen
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Major
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy*; D003765:Models, Dental; D015588:Observer Variation; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000379:methods*; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014584:User-Computer Interface