title: Resveratrol as a novel agent for treatment of multiple myeloma with matrix metalloproteinase inhibitory activity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the in vitro antitumor activity of resveratrol against multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines (RPMI 8226, U266, and KM3), and the mechanisms involved.
  
  
  METHODS
  The growth inhibition of resveratrol was determined by 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The effect of resveratrol on the apoptosis was investigated by combined annexin V-propidium iodide staining. The effect of resveratrol on the invasion through Matrigel matrix was detected by transwell invasion analyses. The activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 proteins were determined by gelatin zymography analysis. The expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, Bcl-2, Bcl-x(L), XIAP and Bax protein were detected using Western blotting analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Resveratrol inhibited proliferation of MM cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Incubation of MM cells with resveratrol resulted in apoptotic cell death. Resveratrol down-regulated the expression of the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-x(L) and XIAP and up-regulated the expression of the proapoptotic protein Bax. Furthermore, resveratrol inhibited invasion of RPMI 8226, U266, and KM3 cells with IC50 values of 64+/-8 micromol/L, 93+/-11 micromol/L, and 153+/-11 micromol/L, respectively. Resveratrol inhibited the constitutive expression of MMP-2 and -9 proteins of MM cells and suppressed its gelatinolytic activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resveratrol inhibits the proliferation of MM cells by inducing apoptotic cell death. Resveratrol also inhibits MM cell invasion. The inhibition of invasion may be associated with the attenuation of the enzymatic activities of MMP-2 and -9.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
authors.forename: Chun-yan
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Hua-fang
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiao-ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wen-juan
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D028502:Polygonum / Q000737:chemistry; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D000077185:Resveratrol; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051636:X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; C494811:BCL2L1 protein, human; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D013267:Stilbenes; D051636:X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein; C496866:XIAP protein, human; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D000077185:Resveratrol