title: Ankle arthrodesis using Ilizarov ring fixators: a review of 22 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Orthopaedic surgeons are being increasingly confronted with complex ankle problems that cannot be reliably treated by conventional arthrodesis procedures. The Ilizarov technique can be an alternative salvage method in such cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two Ilizarov tibiotalar arthrodeses were retrospectively reviewed. There were 16 men and six women (mean age 49 years). The underlying pathology was infection after internal fixation of ankle or plafond fractures in 16 patients, posttraumatic ankle arthritis in five, and septic arthritis after an infected Achilles tendon repair in one. Five patients had at least one failed previous arthrodesis. Primary iliac crest bone grafting was done in two patients. Proximal tibial lengthening was done in six patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one patients were followed for an average of 29 months. A solid fusion was achieved in all patients by the end of treatment. The external fixation time averaged 27.7 (range 12 to 84) weeks. The mean time spent in a foot frame was 22.3 weeks. Complications occurred in 11 patients, including two nonunions that healed after revision and renewed frame application and four pin track infections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of the Ilizarov frame provides a successful salvage method that offers solid bony fusion, optimal leg length, and eradication of infection in complex ankle pathology or failed previous arthrodesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Ulm, Steinhoevelstrasse 9, 89075 Ulm, Germany. Khaled_hamedsalem@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Khaled Hamed
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Salem
authors.forename: Lothar
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kinzl
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmelz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000601:surgery; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D001168:Arthritis / Q000601:surgery; D001170:Arthritis, Infectious / Q000601:surgery; D001174:Arthrodesis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D001852:Bone Lengthening / Q000379:methods; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D016267:External Fixators; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000009:adverse effects; D017102:Fracture Healing; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000601:surgery; D005599:Fractures, Ununited / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D018889:Ilizarov Technique / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000601:surgery; D013628:Talus / Q000601:surgery; D013977:Tibia / Q000601:surgery