title: The utility of strabismus in adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the utility (quality-of-life weight) associated with adult strabismus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Time tradeoff utility values were measured in physician-conducted interviews with 140 adult patients with strabismus in a private practice setting. Patients also completed a questionnaire containing six items that rated the following aspects of disability: specific health problems, problems with tasks of daily living, problems with social interaction, self-image problems, concerns about the future, and job-related problems. Patients were characterized as presurgical or nonsurgical, and their diplopia and asthenopia were rated by the physician on a four-level scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  About 60% of all patients indicated willingness to trade part of their life expectancy in return for being rid of strabismus and its associated effects. The median utility was 0.93 (interquartile range, 0.83 to 1.0). A significantly smaller proportion (44%) of the nonsurgical patients (N = 41) appeared willing to trade time compared with surgical patients (68%; P = .009). Median utility in the presurgical patients was 0.90. Strong relationships were found between utility and the level of diplopia (P < .0001), and between utility and the level of asthenopia (P < .0001). Utility was correlated with all six disability ratings (all P < or = .00062).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A majority of the patients interviewed would trade a portion of their life expectancy in return for being rid of strabismus and its associated effects. These results were validated by significant associations with diplopia, asthenopia, and disability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: George R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Beauchamp
authors.forename: Joost
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Felius
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Stager
authors.forename: Cynthia L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Beauchamp
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety; D001248:Asthenopia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017281:Cost of Illness; D004172:Diplopia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008136:Longevity; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012649:Self Concept; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013285:Strabismus / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires