title: Locating mammalian transcription factor binding sites: a survey of computational and experimental techniques.
abstract: Fields such as genomics and systems biology are built on the synergism between computational and experimental techniques. This type of synergism is especially important in accomplishing goals like identifying all functional transcription factor binding sites in vertebrate genomes. Precise detection of these elements is a prerequisite to deciphering the complex regulatory networks that direct tissue specific and lineage specific patterns of gene expression. This review summarizes approaches for in silico, in vitro, and in vivo identification of transcription factor binding sites. A variety of techniques useful for localized- and high-throughput analyses are discussed here, with emphasis on aspects of data generation and verification.
authors.affiliation: Genomic Functional Analysis Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20878, USA. elnitski@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Elnitski
authors.forename: Victor X
authors.initials: VX
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Peggy J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Farnham
authors.forename: Steven J M
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods*; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D006801:Humans; D008322:Mammals; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011485:Protein Binding; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014157:Transcription Factors