title: Intraocular pressure-lowering effect of adding dorzolamide or latanoprost to timolol: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effect of 2% dorzolamide or 0.005% latanoprost when added to 0.5% timolol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen articles reporting on 19 study arms with 5 possible treatment combinations and 4 study arms serving as controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Articles written in English, German, French, or Dutch and published up to December 2004 were identified in Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, and references from relevant articles. For the article to be considered, over 85% of the patients had to have primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. The pooled 1- to 3-month additional IOP-lowering effect after a run-in phase on timolol was calculated by performing meta-analysis using the random effects model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Absolute and relative changes in IOP after run-in on timolol for peak moment, trough moment, or mean diurnal curve.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pooled change from baseline [mean (95% confidence interval)] for 0.5% timolol varied from -0.7 mmHg (-1.2 to -0.2, for the mean diurnal curve) to -2.0 mmHg (-1.3 to -2.7, at peak). Pooled changes for 2% dorzolamide in concomitant use with 0.5% timolol were -4.1 mmHg (-4.4 to -3.8) at trough and -4.9 mmHg (-5.3 to -4.5) at peak. The fixed 2% dorzolamide and 0.5% timolol combination resulted in a pooled change of -3.8 mmHg (-4.2 to -3.4) at trough and -4.9 mmHg (-5.3 to -4.5) at peak. The concomitant use of 0.005% latanoprost and 0.5% timolol gave a pooled change from baseline of -6.0 mmHg (-6.8 to -5.2) at the mean diurnal curve. The fixed combination of 0.005% latanoprost and 0.5% timolol resulted in a mean change of -3.0 mmHg (-3.8 to -2.2) at the mean diurnal curve.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this meta-analysis of clinical trials, the addition of dorzolamide or latanoprost further lowers IOP in eyes on timolol. This result may not be generalizable because these trials may have included nonresponders to timolol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Maastricht University Hospital, Maastricht, The Netherlands. cweb@soog.azm.nl
authors.forename: Carroll A B
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Webers
authors.forename: Rikkert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van der Valk
authors.forename: Jan S A G
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Schouten
authors.forename: Maurice P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Zeegers
authors.forename: Martin H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Prins
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hendrikse
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D000077338:Latanoprost; D011461:Prostaglandins F, Synthetic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013999:Timolol / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D011461:Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013876:Thiophenes; D000077338:Latanoprost; D013999:Timolol; C062765:dorzolamide