title: Enhancing intraocular lens outcome precision: an evaluation of axial length determinations, keratometry, and IOL formulas.
abstract: Accurate biometry and intraocular lens (IOL) calculations have consequence in patient satisfaction and depend on correct determination of eye length, IOL position, refractive power of the cornea, and selection of the proper IOL formula. Familiarity with these variables will make it easier to achieve precise results in both the intact eyes and eyes that have had previous surgeries, including keratorefractive procedures. This articles provide practical tips and methods to avoid refractive surprises.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Hermann Eye Center, University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, 6411 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Thomas.C.Prager@uth.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Prager
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Hardten
authors.forename: Benjamin J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Fogal
mesh_terms: D003315:Cornea / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular / Q000592:standards*; D008433:Mathematics; D011474:Prosthesis Design