title: Prevalence and severity of renal disease in familial dysautonomia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One of the less well-defined complications of familial dysautonomia (FD) is chronic kidney disease (CKD). The goal of this report is to better define the prevalence and severity of kidney disease in this population and identify associated risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective analysis of the database of the Dysautonomia Treatment and Evaluation Center at New York University School of Medicine for patients with FD who were seen at ages 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 years. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was compared with that of the general population. Changes in mean blood pressure from supine to erect at ages 15 and 20 years were analyzed for patients who eventually required dialysis therapy and compared with those of the other patients with FD. Percentage of patients requiring dialysis and duration of treatment also were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean estimated GFR of each predefined age group was considerably less than that of the general population starting at age 15 years (P < 0.001). Patients with FD were more likely to develop stage 3, 4, or 5 CKD than the general population. Of patients who remained alive at age 25 years, 19% eventually required dialysis. Those who required dialysis therapy were less likely to have had a feeding gastrostomy tube placed (P < 0.001) and had much more pronounced postural changes in blood pressure (P < 0.0001) by age 15 years. For those requiring dialysis therapy, average duration of treatment was 9 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with FD are far more likely than the general population to develop CKD. Patients with FD who eventually required dialysis showed a greater degree of orthostatic hypotension and were significantly less likely to have had a feeding gastrostomy tube placed for hydration before the age of 15 years. Dialysis therapy is not well tolerated in this population.
authors.affiliation: Dysautonomia Treatment and Evaluation Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Lior
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Elkayam
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matalon
authors.forename: Chi-Hong
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Felicia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Axelrod
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004402:Dysautonomia, Familial / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005774:Gastrostomy; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007024:Hypotension, Orthostatic / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D011015:Pneumonia, Aspiration / Q000517:prevention & control; D015995:Prevalence; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine