title: Population-based survey of urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, and other lower urinary tract symptoms in five countries: results of the EPIC study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Estimate the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI), overactive bladder (OAB), and other lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) among men and women in five countries using the 2002 International Continence Society (ICS) definitions.
  
  
  METHODS
  This population-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted between April and December 2005 in Canada, Germany, Italy, Sweden, and the United Kingdom using computer-assisted telephone interviews. A random sample of men and women aged >/= 18 yr residing in the five countries and who were representative of the general populations in these countries was selected. Using 2002 ICS definitions, the prevalence estimates of storage, voiding, and postmicturition LUTS were calculated. Data were stratified by country, age cohort, and gender.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 19,165 individuals agreed to participate; 64.3% reported at least one LUTS. Nocturia was the most prevalent LUTS (men, 48.6%; women, 54.5%). The prevalence of storage LUTS (men, 51.3%; women, 59.2%) was greater than that for voiding (men, 25.7%; women, 19.5%) and postmicturition (men, 16.9%; women, 14.2%) symptoms combined. The overall prevalence of OAB was 11.8%; rates were similar in men and women and increased with age. OAB was more prevalent than all types of UI combined (9.4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The EPIC study is the largest population-based survey to assess prevalence rates of OAB, UI, and other LUTS in five countries. To date, this is the first study to evaluate these symptoms simultaneously using the 2002 ICS definitions. The results indicate that these symptoms are highly prevalent in the countries surveyed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States. dirwin@email.unc.edu
authors.forename: Debra E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Irwin
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Milsom
authors.forename: Steinar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hunskaar
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reilly
authors.forename: Zoe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kopp
authors.forename: Sender
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Herschorn
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Coyne
authors.forename: Con
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kelleher
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hampel
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Artibani
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Abrams
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology