title: The Drosophila larva as a model for studying chemosensation and chemosensory learning: a review.
abstract: Understanding the relationship between brain and behavior is the fundamental challenge in neuroscience. We focus on chemosensation and chemosensory learning in larval Drosophila and review what is known about its molecular and cellular bases. Detailed analyses suggest that the larval olfactory system, albeit much reduced in cell number, shares the basic architecture, both in terms of receptor gene expression and neuronal circuitry, of its adult counterpart as well as of mammals. With respect to the gustatory system, less is known in particular with respect to processing of gustatory information in the central nervous system, leaving generalizations premature. On the behavioral level, a learning paradigm for the association of odors with food reinforcement has been introduced. Capitalizing on the knowledge of the chemosensory pathways, we review the first steps to reveal the genetic and cellular bases of olfactory learning in larval Drosophila. We argue that the simplicity of the larval chemosensory system, combined with the experimental accessibility of Drosophila on the genetic, electrophysiological, cellular, and behavioral level, makes this system suitable for an integrated understanding of chemosensation and chemosensory learning.
authors.affiliation: Universität Würzburg, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, Lehrstuhl für Genetik und Neurobiologie, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany. bertram.gerber@biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de
authors.forename: Bertram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gerber
authors.forename: Reinhard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Stocker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004330:Drosophila / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D007814:Larva / Q000502:physiology*; D007858:Learning; D012677:Sensation; D012903:Smell; D013649:Taste