title: An RNA map predicting Nova-dependent splicing regulation.
abstract: Nova proteins are a neuron-specific alternative splicing factors. We have combined bioinformatics, biochemistry and genetics to derive an RNA map describing the rules by which Nova proteins regulate alternative splicing. This map revealed that the position of Nova binding sites (YCAY clusters) in a pre-messenger RNA determines the outcome of splicing. The map correctly predicted Nova's effect to inhibit or enhance exon inclusion, which led us to examine the relationship between the map and Nova's mechanism of action. Nova binding to an exonic YCAY cluster changed the protein complexes assembled on pre-mRNA, blocking U1 snRNP (small nuclear ribonucleoprotein) binding and exon inclusion, whereas Nova binding to an intronic YCAY cluster enhanced spliceosome assembly and exon inclusion. Assays of splicing intermediates of Nova-regulated transcripts in mouse brain revealed that Nova preferentially regulates removal of introns harbouring (or closest to) YCAY clusters. These results define a genome-wide map relating the position of a cis-acting element to its regulation by an RNA binding protein, namely that Nova binding to YCAY clusters results in a local and asymmetric action to regulate spliceosome assembly and alternative splicing in neurons.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Jernej
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ule
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stefani
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mele
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruggiu
authors.forename: Xuning
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bahar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Taneri
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gaasterland
authors.forename: Benjamin J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Blencowe
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Darnell
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D051379:Mice; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D000090682:Neuro-Oncological Ventral Antigen; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D011485:Protein Binding; D012313:RNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D012322:RNA Precursors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000235:genetics; D017412:Ribonucleoprotein, U1 Small Nuclear / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D000090682:Neuro-Oncological Ventral Antigen; D012322:RNA Precursors; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D017412:Ribonucleoprotein, U1 Small Nuclear; D012313:RNA