Rat pain-related responses induced by experimental scorpion BmK sting.
The developmental and pharmacological characteristics of pain responses induced by the experimental scorpion BmK (Buthus martensi Karsch) sting were detailed in this study. Following the unilateral intraplantar injection of BmK venom into rat hind paw, it was found: 1) BmK venom induced an edematogenic response, spontaneous pain and pain hypersensitivity in a dose-dependent manner; 2) the paw edema and flare were induced rapidly and restricted at the injected paw for about 24-48 h; 3) the monophasic tonic spontaneous pain manifested as continuous paw flinching and lifting/licking of the injected paw and lasted for more than 2 h; 4) the detectable thermal hypersensitivity to radiant heat stimuli was just at the injected side for about 72-96 h; 5) the mechanical hypersensitivity to von Frey filaments was evoked surprisingly to be the bilateral and mirror-like for about 2-3 weeks; 6) morphine, indomethacin and bupivacaine could suppress BmK venom-induced pain responses with different intensity and time courses. The results indicated that the experimental BmK sting could evoke the prolonged paw inflammation, tonic spontaneous behaviors, unilateral thermal and bilateral mechanical hypersensitivity. The distinct time development of pain responses induced by experimental BmK sting might be involved in different nervous and/or tissue mechanisms. The experimental BmK sting test thus may be an available tissue injury-induced tonic inflammatory pain model for understanding the mechanisms underlying clinical spontaneous pain, thermal and mirror-imaged bilateral mechanical pain hypersensitivity.
Bai
Zhan-Tao
ZT
Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, PR China.
Liu
Tong
T
Chai
Zhi-Fang
ZF
Pang
Xue-Yan
XY
Ji
Yong-Hua
YH
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012604:Scorpion Venoms / Q000633:toxicity*; D012605:Scorpions / Q000737:chemistry*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D012604:Scorpion Venoms; D009020:Morphine; D007213:Indomethacin; D002045:Bupivacaine