title: Peripheral blood mononuclear cell supernatants from asymptomatic dogs immunized and experimentally challenged with Leishmania chagasi can stimulate canine macrophages to reduce infection in vitro.
abstract: Leishmania chagasi is the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis in both humans and dogs in the New World. The dog is the main domestic reservoir and its infection displays different clinical presentations, from asymptomatic to severe disease. Macrophages play an important role in the control of Leishmania infection. Although it is not an area of intense study, some data suggest a role for canine macrophages in parasite killing by a NO-dependent mechanism. It has been proposed that control of human disease could be possible with the development of an effective vaccine against canine visceral leishmaniasis. Development of a rapid in vitro test to predict animal responses to Leishmania infection or vaccination should be helpful. In this study, an in vitro model was established to test whether peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) supernatants from dogs immunized with promastigote lysates and infected with L. chagasi promastigotes could stimulate macrophages from healthy dogs in order to control parasite infection. PBMC from a majority of the immunized and experimentally infected dogs expressed IFN-gamma mRNA and secreted IFN-gamma when stimulated with soluble L. chagasi antigen (SLA) in vitro. Additionally, the supernatants from stimulated PBMC were able to reduce the percentage of infected donor macrophages. The results also indicate that parasite killing in this system is dependent on NO, since aminoguanidine (AMG) reversed this effect. This in vitro test appears to be useful for screening animal responses to parasite inoculation as well as studying the lymphocyte effector mechanisms involved in pathogen killing by canine macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, CPqGM, FIOCRUZ/BA, Brazil; Depto. de Morfofisiologia da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cleusa Alves Theodoro
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Luís Fábio da Silva
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Batista
authors.forename: Márcia Cristina Aquino
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: Andréa Mendes
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Patrícia Oliveira Meira
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Geraldo Gileno
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: de Sá Oliveira
authors.forename: Luiz Antônio Rodrigues
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: de Freitas
authors.forename: Patrícia Sampaio Tavares
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Veras
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000662:veterinary; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007891:Leishmania / Q000276:immunology*; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016052:Protozoan Vaccines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D015847:Interleukin-4; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma