title: Inhalational anesthetics as neuroprotectants or chemical preconditioning agents in ischemic brain.
abstract: This review will focus on inhalational anesthetic neuroprotection during cerebral ischemia and inhalational anesthetic preconditioning before ischemic brain injury. The limitations and challenges of past and current research in this area will be addressed before reviewing experimental and clinical studies evaluating the effects of inhalational anesthetics before and during cerebral ischemia. Mechanisms underlying volatile anesthetic neuroprotection and preconditioning will also be examined. Lastly, future directions for inhalational anesthetics and ischemic brain injury will be briefly discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Peri-Operative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.
authors.forename: Hideto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitano
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kirsch
authors.forename: Patricia D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Hurn
authors.forename: Stephanie J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents