title: Bromodomain and histone acetyltransferase domain specificities control mixed lineage leukemia phenotype.
abstract: A critical unanswered question about mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) is how specific MLL fusion partners control leukemia phenotype. The MLL-cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein-binding protein (CBP) fusion requires both the CBP bromodomain and histone acetyltransferase (HAT) domain for transformation and causes acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), often preceded by a myelodysplastic phase. We did domain-swapping experiments to define whether unique specificities of these CBP domains drive this specific MLL phenotype. Within MLL-CBP, we replaced the CBP bromodomain or HAT domain with P300/CBP-associated factor (P/CAF) or TAF(II)250 bromodomains or the P/CAF or GCN5 HAT domains. HAT, but not bromodomain, substitutions conferred enhanced proliferative capacity in vitro but lacked expression of myeloid cell surface markers normally seen with MLL-CBP. Mice reconstituted with domain-swapped hematopoietic progenitors developed different disease from those with MLL-CBP. This included development of lymphoid disease and lower frequency of the myelodysplastic phase in those mice developing AML. We conclude that both the CBP bromodomain and HAT domain play different but critical roles in determining the phenotype of MLL-CBP leukemia. Our results support an important role for MLL partner genes in determining the leukemia phenotype besides their necessity in leukemogenesis. Here, we find that subtleties in MLL fusion protein domain specificity direct cells toward a specific disease phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Program, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA.
authors.forename: Donna A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Santillan
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Theisler
authors.forename: Amanda S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Relja
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Popovic
authors.forename: Tara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stuart
authors.forename: Ming-Ming
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Serhan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alkan
authors.forename: Nancy J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Zeleznik-Le
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D007938:Leukemia / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D051788:Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010641:Phenotype; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D050880:p300-CBP Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D051788:Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D050880:p300-CBP Transcription Factors