title: Hedgehog morphogen in cardiovascular disease.
abstract: In this review, we focus on the basic biology of the important developmental Hedgehog (Hh) protein family, its general function in development, pathway mechanisms, and gene discovery and nomenclature. Hh function in cardiovascular development and recent findings concerning Hh signaling in ischemia models are discussed in more detail, and future perspectives are proposed. In light of the recent discovery of Hh transport by insect lipophorin, we also hypothesize a role for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in mammalian Hh transport, creating a surprising role for LDL in cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Maarten F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Bijlsma
authors.forename: Maikel P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Peppelenbosch
authors.forename: C Arnold
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Spek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000196:embryology*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009024:Morphogenesis; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D008074:Lipoproteins; C032830:lipophorin; C077245:hh protein, Drosophila