title: Vertical distribution of Culicoides larvae and pupae.
abstract: This study was carried out in the northeast region of Konya in Turkey, between April and December 2004, to determine the vertical distribution of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) larvae and pupae. Larvae and pupae were collected using the saturated sugar flotation technique in mud samples taken from a range of depths of up to 20 cm. In total, 282 adult Culicoides were obtained. The number of larvae and pupae decreased as the depth increased; at 2.5 cm, 97 Culicoides larvae and 73 Culicoides pupae were found. Larvae and pupae of C. nubeculosus (Meigen) and C. puncticollis (Becker) were mostly found in organic matter-rich breeding sites, while larvae and pupae of C. gejgelensis Dzhafarov and C. festivipennis Kieffer were mostly found in organic matter-poor breeding sites. Culicoides larvae and pupae were obtained largely in July and August.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey. uuslu@selcuk.edu.tr
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Uslu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dik
mesh_terms: D000531:Altitude; D000818:Animals; D002519:Ceratopogonidae / Q000502:physiology*; D007814:Larva / Q000502:physiology; D011679:Pupa / Q000502:physiology; D012621:Seasons; D012987:Soil; D014421:Turkey; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D014867:Water