Molecular biology of renal cell carcinoma.
Recent developments in molecular biology have lead to an increased understanding of the events involved in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) carcinogenesis. In this field, basic molecular pathways important to oncogenic transformation secondary to Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppression gene inactivation, associated to clear-cell RCC, have been elucidated. Loss of function of VHL results in the high-expression of pro-angiogenic growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF). New therapies against specific targets in RCC have demonstrated significant clinical activity in patients. These therapeutic approaches are based on the VEGF inhibition by using anti-VEGF monoclonal antibodies (bevacizumab) or multi-kinase inhibitors, that also target PDGF and c-kit tyrosine kinases (sorafenib, sunitinib); or by the inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway (temsirolimus). This article reviews current knowledge of molecular pathogenesis of inherited and sporadic RCC.
Mellado
Begoña
B
Medical Oncology Department, ICMHO, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain. bmellado@clinic.ub.es
Gascón
Pere
P
D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D005091:Exons; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D008967:Molecular Biology; D009154:Mutation; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011725:Pyridines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077157:Sorafenib; D000077210:Sunitinib; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D048490:raf Kinases; D006623:von Hippel-Lindau Disease / Q000235:genetics
D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D007211:Indoles; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines; D011758:Pyrroles; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D009536:Niacinamide; D000068258:Bevacizumab; C401859:temsirolimus; D000077157:Sorafenib; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D048490:raf Kinases; D000077210:Sunitinib; D020123:Sirolimus