title: The intrauterine device in modern contraception: Still an actuality?
abstract: The intrauterine devices (IUD) is a contraceptive method largely used as an effective, safe and economic method of contraception; IUD efficacy is demonstrated to be about 97%, and copper IUD contraceptive failure frequency is about 0.8% for the first year of use, and this is about 0.1-0.2% for the progestin IUD. IUD benefits are different; it produces a well-defined contraceptive efficacy for long time, is useful for sexual activity and is rather free from common problems. However, IUD utilization is associated with an increasing risk of pelvic infection (0.5%) in the 8 years from initial use, and the common risk of pelvic inflammatory infection (PID) is about one to two cases per year; this risk, for copper IUD users, is 0.2-0.5% per year. The possible side effects of IUD use are: pelvic pain, irregular meshes, infections, bleeding and uterine perforation; we report a uterine perforation due to IUD migration in the Retzius space, diagnosed on transvaginal ultrasonography, confirmed on CT and removed by laparoscopy. In any case, the IUD remains the mainstay of family planning measures in developing countries but, unfortunately, its association with possible serious complications, change the cost-benefit link and restrict its utilization by a large part of the general population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vito Fazzi Hospital, Lecce, Italy. andtinelli@libero.it
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tinelli
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tinelli
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malvasi
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cavallotti
authors.forename: Francesco G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Tinelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D020878:Device Removal; D005260:Female; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007047:Hysterosalpingography; D007435:Intrauterine Devices, Copper / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010388:Pelvis; D011247:Pregnancy; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014599:Uterus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging