title: Tissue factor expression is a clinical indicator of lymphatic metastasis and poor prognosis in gastric cancer with intestinal phenotype.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tissue factor (TF), which normally safeguards vascular integrity by inducing hemostasis upon injury, has received widespread attention in the pathogenesis of cancer progression and metastasis. Aberrantly expressed TF in cancer cells has been reported to be associated with advanced stages of malignancy in various cancers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of TF and microvessel density (MVD) were immunohistochemically evaluated in 207 gastric cancers, and their relationship with clinicopathological features was examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TF was preferentially expressed (41.8%) in intestinal-type cancer at a significantly higher rate than that in diffuse-type cancer (12.1%, P<0.0001). The expression of TF was associated with advanced stage of disease and showed a positive correlation with a higher rate of lymphatic and venous invasion and lymphatic metastasis in intestinal-type, but not in diffuse-type carcinoma. Moreover, TF expression was associated with high MVD in the tumor and a worse outcome only in intestinal-type carcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TF may be critically involved in tumor progression in intestinal-type, but not in diffuse-type, gastric carcinoma. The difference in clinical features between these two histological types might be partially dependent on TF expression profile.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. hyamashi-tky@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroharu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Joji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kitayama
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagawa
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D000368:Aged; D018279:Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy; D006801:Humans; D007414:Intestinal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011379:Prognosis; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D013925:Thromboplastin