title: Social, ethical and legal barriers to e-health.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Information technology such as electronic medical records (EMRs), electronic prescribing and decision support systems are recognized as essential tools in Europe, the U.S., Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. But significant barriers impede wide-scale adoption of these tools, especially EMR systems.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were to investigate the present status of information technology in health care, the perceived benefits and barriers by primary care physicians.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature analysis and survey data from primary care physicians on adoption of information technology are reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The U.S. trails European countries as well as Canada, Australia and New Zealand in the use of information technology in primary care. The results of the study indicate that physicians in general perceive benefits to information technology, but also cite major barriers to its implementation in their practices. These barriers include lack of access to capital by health care providers, complex systems and lack of data standards that permit exchange of clinical data, privacy concerns and legal barriers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overcoming these barriers will require subsidies and performance incentives by payers and government; certification and standardization of vendor applications that permit clinical data exchange; removal of legal barriers; and greater security of medical data to convince practitioners and patients of the value of EMRs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology & Anthropology, Purdue University, 700 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2059, United States. andersonj@purdue.edu
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D003195:Computer Communication Networks / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards; D016494:Computer Security / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D003219:Confidentiality / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D033161:Government Regulation; D006801:Humans; D033181:Information Dissemination; D016365:Liability, Legal; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D010344:Patient Advocacy / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D018907:Privacy / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D011786:Quality Control; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards