title: Comparison of two pre-exposure treatment regimens in acute organophosphate (paraoxon) poisoning in rats: tiapride vs. pyridostigmine.
abstract: Recently, the FDA approved the medical use of oral pyridostigmine as prophylactic treatment of possible nerve agent exposure: the concept is to block the cholinesterase transitorily using the carbamate (pyridostigmine) in order to deny access to the active site of the enzyme to the irreversible inhibitor (nerve agent) on subsequent exposure. We have shown previously that tiapride is in vitro a weak inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and that in rats administration of tiapride before the organophosphate paraoxon significantly decreases mortality. The purpose of the present study was to compare tiapride- and pyridostigmine-based pretreatment strategies, either alone or in combination with pralidoxime reactivation, by using a prospective, non-blinded study in a rat model of acute high-dose paraoxon exposure. Groups 1-6 received 1 microMol paraoxon (approximately LD75) groups 2-6 received in addition: G(2)50 microMol tiapride 30 min before paraoxonG(3)50 microMol tiapride 30 min before paraoxon and 50 microMol pralidoxime 1 min after paraoxon G41 microMol pyridostigmine 30 min before paraoxon G(5)1 microMol pyridostigmine 30 min before paraoxon and 50 microMol pralidoxime 1 min after paraoxon G(6)50 microMol pralidoxime 1 min after paraoxon. Mortality data were compared using Kaplan-Meier plots and logrank tests. Mortality is statistically significantly influenced by all treatment strategies. Tiapride pretreatment followed by pralidoxime treatment (G3) is aux par with pyridostigmine pretreatment followed by pralidoxime treatment (G5). Tiapride pretreatment only (G2) is inferior to pyridostigmine pretreatment only (G4). The best results are achieved with pyridostigmine pretreatment only or pralidoxime treatment only (G4 and G6).
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, FMHS UAE University, United Arab Emirates. georg.petroianu@uaeu.ac.ae <georg.petroianu@uaeu.ac.ae>
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Petroianu
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Nurulain
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arafat
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sheen
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagelkerke
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D010261:Paraoxon / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000506:poisoning*; D011041:Poisoning / Q000201:enzymology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011729:Pyridostigmine Bromide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013976:Tiapamil Hydrochloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D002802:Cholinesterases; D011729:Pyridostigmine Bromide; D010261:Paraoxon; D013976:Tiapamil Hydrochloride