Acute and chronic rejection after lung transplantation.
Over the last decade, improvements in surgical techniques, lung preservation, immunosuppression, and management of ischemia-reperfusion injury and infections have contributed to increase the 1 year patient survival after lung transplantation to 70 to 80%. However, the incidence of acute rejection remains higher than after other types of solid organ transplantation, and long-term survival is threatened by bronchiolitis obliterans, which is thought to be a form of chronic allograft rejection. This article reviews major aspects of clinical presentation, risk factors, diagnosis, and management of acute and chronic rejection after lung transplantation.
Knoop
Christiane
C
Department of Chest Medicine, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
Estenne
Marc
M
D000208:Acute Disease; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006801:Humans; D016040:Lung Transplantation