title: Sustained benefit in rheumatoid arthritis following one course of rituximab: improvements in physical function over 2 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the long-term impact on physical function of a single course of rituximab in rheumatoid factor, seropositive patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) despite ongoing methotrexate treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, controlled trial comparing rituximab alone [1,000 mg intravenously (iv) on days 1 and 15, n= 40], or in combination with cyclophosphamide (750 mg iv on days 3 and 7, n= 41) or oral methotrexate (> or =10 mg/week, n= 40) with placebo + methotrexate (> or =10 mg/week, n= 40), resulted in significant reductions in disease activity at weeks 24 and 48. Sustained improvements in physical function and standard effect sizes (SES) for changes in components of ACR and EULAR criteria were evaluated over 2 yrs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More patients receiving rituximab + methotrexate completed a 2-yr follow-up without further treatment than those receiving placebo + methotrexate (45% vs 15%, respectively), rituximab alone (10%) or rituximab + cyclophosphamide (22%). This reflected a higher percentage of patients receiving rituximab + methotrexate reporting improvements in Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index > or = minimum clinically important difference at 1 and 2 yrs (68% and 30%, respectively) compared with placebo + methotrexate (28% and 15%), rituximab monotherapy (43% and 10%) or rituximab + cyclophosphamide (39% and 12%). SES were high in all rituximab groups and revealed differing patterns of response over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A single course of rituximab with continuing methotrexate in patients with active RA provided clinically meaningful improvements in physical function over 2 yrs, with lower discontinuation rates and larger SES for improvements in ACR and EULAR criteria components.
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA. vstrand@aol.com
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Strand
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Balbir-Gurman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pavelka
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Emery
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Lehane
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agarwal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D020127:Recovery of Function; D000069283:Rituximab; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D000069283:Rituximab; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D008727:Methotrexate