title: MALDI-TOF serum protein profiling for the detection of breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Proteomic expression profiling has been suggested as a potential tool for the early diagnosis of cancer and other diseases. The objective of our study was to assess the feasibility of this approach for the detection of breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized block design pre-operative serum samples obtained from 78 breast cancer patients and 29 controls were used to generate high-resolution MALDI-TOF protein profiles. The spectra generated using C8 magnetic beads assisted mass spectrometry were smoothed, binned and normalized after baseline correction. Linear discriminant analysis with double cross-validation, based on principal component analysis, was used to classify the protein profiles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total recognition rate of 99%, a sensitivity of 100%, and a specificity of 97.0% for the detection of breast cancer were shown. The area under the curve of the classifier was 98.3%, which demonstrates the separation power of the classifier. The first 2 principal components account for most of the between- group separation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Double cross-validation showed that classification could be attributed to actual information in the protein profiles rather than to chance. Although preliminary, the high sensitivity and specificity indicate the potential usefulness of serum protein profiles for the detection of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. M.E.de_Noo@lumc.nl
authors.forename: Mirre E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: de Noo
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Deelder
authors.forename: Martijn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van der Werff
authors.forename: Aliye
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ozalp
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mertens
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tollenaar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D001798:Blood Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins