title: The DNA sequence of medaka chromosome LG22.
abstract: We report the genomic DNA sequence of a single chromosome (linkage group 22; LG22) of the small teleost fish medaka (Oryzias latipes) as a first whole chromosome sequence from a non-mammalian vertebrate. The order and orientation of 633 protein-coding genes were deduced from 18,803,338 bp of DNA sequence, providing the opportunity to analyze chromosome evolution of vertebrate genomes by direct comparison with the human genome. The average number of genes in the "conserved gene cluster" (CGC), a strict definition of "synteny" at the sequence basis, between medaka and human was 1.6. These and other data suggest that approximately 38.8% of pair-wise gene relationships would have been broken from their common ancestor in the human and medaka lineages and further imply that approx 20,000 (15,520-23,280) breaks would have occurred from the entire genome of the common ancestor. These breaks were generated mainly by intra-chromosomal shufflings at a specific era in the vertebrate lineage. These precise comparative genomics allowed us to identify the pieces of ancient chromosomes of the common vertebrate ancestor and estimate chromosomal evolution in the vertebrate lineage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Sabine K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Shuichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asakawa
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murayama
authors.forename: Maryam Zadeh
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Khorasani
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mitani
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Furutani-Seiki
authors.forename: Hisato
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kondoh
authors.forename: Indrajit
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nanda
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schartl
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nonaka
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Himmelbauer
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shima
authors.forename: Nobuyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimizu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000235:genetics*; D022202:Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006801:Humans; D005810:Multigene Family; D009990:Oryzias / Q000235:genetics*; D013045:Species Specificity; D023721:Tetraodontiformes / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004247:DNA