title: Does combination of antegrade and retrograde cardioplegia reduce coronary artery bypass grafting-related conduction defects?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Conduction disorders appearing after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) may have many different causes. In this study, we evaluated the postoperative conduction disorders after CABG with respect to the ante-grade blood cardioplegia and ante-grade plus continuous retrograde cardioplegia delivery methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study included 1824 patients undergoing CABG between January 2001 and December 2005. There were 694 female patients (38%) and 1130 male patients (62%). Myocardial protection was done by isothermic hyperkalemic blood cardioplegia. Patents in Group 1 (n = 704) were operated on using only intermittent antegrade cardioplegia and those in group 2 (n = 1120) were operated on using the antegrade plus retrograde continuous cardioplegia. The postoperative occurrences of a new right bundle branch block, left anterior hemiblock, left posterior hemiblock, left bundle branch block, or third-degree atrioventricular block were evaluated and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total mortality rate was 1.6% (29 patients) without significant difference between the groups. The preoperative and perioperative characteristics were statistically similar in the groups. The occurrence of conduction disorders was significantly higher in group 1 (P = .006, 55 versus 52 patients). The analysis of the patients with conduction disorders showed a significantly increased mortality rate (P < .001) in addition to a significantly increased period of intensive care unit follow-up and duration of postoperative hospitalization (P <.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrated that the perioperative occurrence of conduction disorders after CABG was decreased by antegrade controlled and retrograde continuous combination cardioplegia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cengiz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bolcal
authors.forename: Bilgin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Emrecan
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bingöl
authors.forename: Mehmet Fatih
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Ayik
authors.forename: Faruk
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cingöz
authors.forename: Vedat
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Yildirim
authors.forename: Erkan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kuralay
authors.forename: Ufuk
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Demirkiliç
authors.forename: Selim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kiliç
authors.forename: Harun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tatar
mesh_terms: D015984:Causality; D015897:Comorbidity; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000401:mortality*; D003331:Coronary Vessels; D005260:Female; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced / Q000401:mortality*; D006327:Heart Block / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology