title: The proportion of CD40+ mucosal macrophages is increased in inflammatory bowel disease whereas CD40 ligand (CD154)+ T cells are relatively decreased, suggesting differential modulation of these costimulatory molecules in human gut lamina propria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Signal transduction through binding of CD40 on antigen-presenting cells and CD40 ligand (CD154) on T cells appears to be crucial for mutual cellular activation. Antibodies aimed at blocking the CD40-CD154 costimulatory pathway dampen the severity of experimental colitis. To elucidate the microanatomical basis for signaling through this costimulatory pathway in human inflammatory bowel disease, we studied in situ the cellular distribution of these 2 molecules on lamina propria macrophages and T cells, respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Colonic specimens from 8 patients with ulcerative colitis and 8 with Crohn's disease, 8 small bowel specimens of Crohn's disease, and histologically normal control samples (6 from colon and 6 from small bowel) were included. Multicolor immunofluorescence in situ staining was performed to determine the percentage of subepithelial macrophages expressing CD40 and that of lamina propria T cells expressing CD154 while avoiding cells in lymphoid aggregates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportion of subepithelial CD40CD68 macrophages was significantly increased in normal colon compared with normal small bowel and showed further elevation in both colon and small bowel afflicted with inflammatory bowel disease. In addition, on a per-CD68-cell basis, CD40 expression was significantly increased in severely inflamed compared with moderately inflamed colonic specimens. Conversely, the proportion of CD154 T cells was similar in colon and small bowel, and interestingly, it was significantly reduced in colonic inflammatory bowel disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggested that modulation of CD40 expression by subepithelial macrophages and CD154 by lamina propria T cells is inversely modulated in the human gut.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, University of Oslo, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, Oslo, Norway. h.s.carlsen@klinmed.uio.no
authors.forename: Hege S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Carlsen
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: Helge
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Jarle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rugtveit
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brandtzaeg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008875:Middle Aged; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000097382:CD68 Molecule
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D019013:CD40 Antigens; D023201:CD40 Ligand; C067980:CD68 antigen, human; D000097382:CD68 Molecule