title: Introgression of an imidazolinone-resistance gene from winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) into jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica Host).
abstract: Imidazolinone-resistant winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is being commercialized in the USA. This technology allows wheat growers to selectively control jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica Host), a weed that is especially problematic because of its close genetic relationship with wheat. However, the potential movement of the imidazolinone-resistance gene from winter wheat to jointed goatgrass is a concern. Winter wheat and jointed goatgrass have the D genome in common and can hybridize and backcross under natural field conditions. Since the imidazolinone-resistance gene (Imi1) is located on the D genome, it is possible for resistance to be transferred to jointed goatgrass via hybridization and backcrossing. To study the potential for gene movement, BC(2)S(2) plants were produced artificially using imidazolinone-resistant winter wheat (cv. FS-4) as the female parent and a native jointed goatgrass collection as the male recurrent parent. FS-4, the jointed goatgrass collection, and 18 randomly selected BC(2)S(2) populations were treated with imazamox. The percentage of survival was 100% for the FS-4, 0% for the jointed goatgrass collection and 6 BC(2)S(2) populations, 40% or less for 2 BC(2)S(2) populations, and 50% or greater for the remaining 10 BC(2)S(2) populations. Chromosome counts in BC(2)S(3) plants showed a restoration of the chromosome number of jointed goatgrass, with four out of four plants examined having 28 chromosomes. Sequencing of AHASL1D in BC(2)S(3) plants derived from BC(2)S(2)-6 revealed the sexual transmission of Imi1 from FS-4 to jointed goatgrass. Imi1 conferred resistance to the imidazolinone herbicide imazamox, as shown by the in vitro assay for acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-3002, USA. perezjoa@oregonstate.edu
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perez-Jones
authors.forename: Carol A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Mallory-Smith
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Zemetra
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D053209:Herbicide Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D006109:Poaceae / Q000235:genetics*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014908:Triticum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; C494197:imazamox