title: Flow-cytometric analysis of cytokine production in human paracoccidioidomycosis.
abstract: Human infection with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis may result in three major outcomes: paracoccidioidomycosis-infection (PI), which is observed in healthy carriers living in endemic areas and the adult form (AF) and juvenile form (JF) of the disease. In this study we proposed to examine the intracellular expression of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-2, IL-10, IL-12, CXCL8, CXCL9 and CXCL10 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with the JF and AF of the disease, as well as of PI individuals stimulated with PMA plus ionomycin, LPS or anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28, by flow cytometry. The results showed that PI individuals present a higher percentage of cells producing IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-2, CXCL9 and CXCL10 when compared to AF and JF patients. IFN-gamma was predominantly detected in CD3(+)CD8(+) T cells, whereas IL-2 and TNF-alpha were mainly expressed in CD3(+)CD4(+) cells. Monocytes of PI individuals also presented higher expression of CD80 and lower expression of CD86 when compared to JF and AF patients, and higher expression of HLA-DR, only when compared to JF patients. These results indicate that the differential production of cytokines and chemokines, as well as the expression of co-stimulatory molecules involved in antigen presentation, may influence the outcome of PCM infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6111, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ronei Luciano
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Mamoni
authors.forename: Maria Heloisa Souza Lima
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Blotta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002353:Carrier State / Q000276:immunology; D018925:Chemokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002648:Child; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D010228:Paracoccidioides / Q000276:immunology; D010229:Paracoccidioidomycosis / Q000276:immunology*; D054367:Receptors, CXCR3; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: C515187:CXCR3 protein, human; D018925:Chemokines; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D016207:Cytokines; C508609:IL10 protein, human; D054367:Receptors, CXCR3; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma