title: Changing the work environment in intensive care units to achieve patient-focused care: the time has come.
abstract: The American Association of Critical-Care Nurses Standards for Establishing and Sustaining Healthy Work Environments and the American College of Chest Physicians Patient-Focused Care project are complementary initiatives that provide a road map for creating practice environments where interdisciplinary, patient-focused care can thrive. Healthy work environments are so influential that failure to address the issue would result in deleterious effects for every aspect of acute and critical care practice. Skilled communication and true collaboration are crucial for transforming work environments. The American College of Chest Physicians project on patient-focused care was born out of a realization that medicine as currently practiced is too fragmented, too focused on turf battles that hinder communication, and too divorced from a real understanding of what patients expect and need from their healthcare providers. Communication as well as continuity and concordance with the patients' wishes are foundational premises of care that is patient-focused and safe. Some individuals may achieve some level of genuine patient-focused care even when they practice in a toxic work environment because they are gifted communicators who embrace true collaboration. At best, most likely those efforts will be hit-or-miss and such heroism will be impossible to sustain if the environment is not transformed into a model that reflects standards and initiatives set out by the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses and the American College of Chest Physicians. Other innovative models of care delivery remain unreported. The successes and failures of these models should be shared with the professional community.
authors.affiliation: The University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing and Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6096, USA. kmccaule@nursing.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McCauley
authors.forename: Richard S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Irwin
mesh_terms: D006272:Health Facility Environment; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000458:organization & administration*; D017146:Models, Organizational; D009936:Organizational Innovation; D018802:Patient-Centered Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D014481:United States; D016526:Workload