title: [Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter: A case report].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter is an autosomal recessive hereditary disease that was first reported in 1997. Some time later the genetic anomalies responsible for the disease were identified, these being different mutations in any of the five genes that code for the five subunits of the translation initiation factor, eIF2B. Since then, the clinical spectrum of this condition has proved to be much broader and far more frequent than was initially believed. We report on a case of the classical clinical form, which is to our knowledge the first to be published in Spain to date.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 5-year-old female who presented gait instability that recently got worse following a mild traumatic head injury. The examination revealed overall cerebellar ataxia and generalised spasticity. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed diffuse and symmetrical involvement of the white matter of the brain with the presence of cavities in which the signal intensity and the proton spectrum were similar to those of cerebrospinal fluid. The genetic study revealed a mutation of the gene that codes for eIF2B-epsilon.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A suggestive MRI scan, even in an atypical presentation, would be enough to rule out a mutation of the genes that code for eIF2B. This would make it possible to reach an early diagnosis of this disease, which is probably more prevalent than is currently thought. This would allow genetic counselling to be conducted and would help to establish a genotype-phenotype correlate that would also make it possible to offer an estimated prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Neuropediatría, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, España.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: San Antonio-Arce
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martín Fernández-Mayoralas
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Jareño
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fresneda-Machado
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sáiz-Ayala
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Campos-Castelló
mesh_terms: D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002524:Cerebellar Ataxia / Q000175:diagnosis; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D020279:Hereditary Central Nervous System Demyelinating Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans