title: A possible anti-inflammatory role of angiotensin II type 2 receptor in immune-mediated glomerulonephritis during type 1 receptor blockade.
abstract: We previously reported that angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blockade attenuates renal inflammation/fibrogenesis in immune-mediated glomerulonephritis via angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R). In the present study, further in vivo experiments revealed that AT2R was expressed in tubular epithelial cells of nephritic kidneys in mice, and feedback activation of the renin-angiotensin system during AT1R blockade significantly reduced p-ERK, but not intranuclear nuclear factor-kappaB, levels via AT2R. This led to reduction in mRNA levels of the proinflammatory mediator monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and overall interstitial inflammation and subsequent fibrogenesis. Specific blockade of ERK expression in tubular epithelium by anti-sense oligodeoxynucleotides also attenuated interstitial inflammation, mimicking the anti-inflammatory action of AT2R in nephritic kidneys. Alternatively, we succeeded in confirming such an AT(2)R function by demonstrating that AT1R blockade did not confer renoprotection in nephritic, AT2R gene-deficient mice. Additional in vitro experiments revealed that AT2R activation did not affect nuclear factor-kappaB activation by tumor necrosis factor-alpha in cultured tubular epithelial cells, although it inhibited ERK phosphorylation, which reduced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA levels. These results suggest that feedback activation of AT2Rs in tubular epithelium of nephritic kidneys plays an important role in attenuating interstitial inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Saitama Medical School, 38 Morohongo, Irumagun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kikuta
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanno
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ban
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugaya
authors.forename: Masatsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
authors.forename: Hiromichi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D019867:Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; C491768:Ccl2 protein, mouse; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases