title: Identification and functional analysis of common human flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 genetic variants.
abstract: Flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) are important for the disposition of many therapeutics, environmental toxicants, and nutrients. FMO3, the major adult hepatic FMO enzyme, exhibits significant interindividual variation. Eighteen FMO3 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) frequencies were determined in 202 Hispanics (Mexican descent), 201 African Americans, and 200 non-Latino whites. Using expressed recombinant enzyme with methimazole, trimethylamine, sulindac, and ethylenethiourea, the novel structural variants FMO3 E24D and K416N were shown to cause modest changes in catalytic efficiency, whereas a third novel variant, FMO3 N61K, was essentially devoid of activity. The latter variant was present at an allelic frequency of 5.2% in non-Latino whites and 3.5% in African Americans, but it was absent in Hispanics. Inferring haplotypes using PHASE, version 2.1, the greatest haplotype diversity was observed in African Americans followed by non-Latino whites and Hispanics. Haplotype 2A and 2B, consisting of a hypermorphic promoter SNP cluster (-2650C>G, -2543T>A, and -2177G>C) in linkage with synonymous structural variants was inferred at a frequency of 27% in the Hispanic population, but only 5% in non-Latino whites and African Americans. This same promoter SNP cluster in linkage with one or more hypomorphic structural variant also was inferred in multiple haplotypes at a total frequency of 5.6% in the African-American study group but less than 1% in the other two groups. The sum frequencies of the hypomorphic haplotypes H3 [15,167G>A (E158K)], H5B [-2650C>G, 15,167G>A (E158K), 21,375C>T (N285N), 21,443A>G (E308G)], and H6 [15,167G>A (E158K), 21,375C>T (N285N)] was 28% in Hispanics, 23% in non-Latino whites, and 24% in African Americans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
authors.forename: Sevasti B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Koukouritaki
authors.forename: Mark T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Poch
authors.forename: Marilyn C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Lisbeth K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Siddens
authors.forename: Sharon K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Krueger
authors.forename: Jonathan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: VanDyke
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Nicholas M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Pajewski
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ronald N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Hines
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D006239:Haplotypes; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D010105:Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D010105:Oxygenases; C020066:dimethylaniline monooxygenase (N-oxide forming)