title: Percutaneous insertion of a proximal humeral locking plate: an anatomic study.
abstract: This cadaveric study sought to evaluate the feasibility of applying a locking proximal humerus plate with a novel minimally invasive technique. A unique pre-contoured locking plate was placed on cadaveric proximal humeri through a described minimally invasive approach. Proximity of the plate and screws to the axillary nerve and their respective surgical tracks were quantified. Safe screw hole placement with respect to the axillary nerve was determined. Risk of entrapment of the nerve beneath the plate was evaluated. Three of the holes near the middle of the locking plate consistently intersected the course of the axillary nerve and were unsafe for percutaneous placement of the screws. The axillary nerve could be palpated during the course of surgery and easily protected from injury. No entrapment of the axillary nerve occurred using this minimally invasive technique. The screw-in locking guide cannot be used with this technique as it caused tenting of the axillary nerve. Placement of a locking proximal humerus plate via a minimally invasive lateral trans-deltoid approach is safe if the locking screws are limited to superior and inferior holes. This can be done safely without entrapment of the axillary beneath the plate. Plate fixation of proximal humerus fractures may now be more desirable with the use of this approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Laflamme
authors.forename: Etienne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Blain-Pare
authors.forename: Rudy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reindl
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Harvey
mesh_terms: D000174:Acromion / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D001365:Axilla / Q000294:innervation; D001860:Bone Plates; D001863:Bone Screws; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012782:Shoulder / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012784:Shoulder Fractures / Q000601:surgery*