DNA repair in HIV-1 infection: a case for inhibitors of cellular co-factors?
At each step of its life-cycle, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) interacts with cellular proteins. In some cases, such as the cellular cytidine deaminase APOBEC3G, cellular proteins repress HIV-1 replication. In other cases, cellular proteins serve as essential co-factors, and inhibition of their function blocks HIV-1 replication. This review explores the opportunities for anti-HIV-1 therapy that stem from the recent discoveries that cellular proteins, which are involved in double-strand break DNA repair, are also required for completion of integration of HIV-1 DNA into host cell DNA.
Daniel
René
R
Center for Human Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia 19107, USA. Rene.Daniel@jefferson.edu
D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded / Q000187:drug effects*; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000187:drug effects*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051747:DNA-Activated Protein Kinase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D015195:Drug Design; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D016662:Virus Integration
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004279:DNA, Viral; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D011494:Protein Kinases; C576324:ATM protein, human; C576597:ATR protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; C576325:Atm protein, mouse; D051747:DNA-Activated Protein Kinase; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases