title: An exploration of skin acceleration level as a measure of phonatory function in singing.
abstract: Two kinds of fluctuations are observed in phonetogram recordings of singing. Sound pressure level (SPL) can vary due to vibrato and also due to the effect of open and closed vowels. Since vowel variation is mostly a consequence of vocal tract modification and is not directly related to phonatory function, it could be helpful to suppress such variation when studying phonation. Skin acceleration level (SAL), measured at the jugular notch and on the sternum, might be less influenced by effects of the vocal tract. It is explored in this study as an alternative measure to SPL. Five female singers sang vowel series on selected pitches and in different tasks. Recorded data were used to investigate two null hypotheses: (1) SPL and SAL are equally influenced by vowel variation and (2) SPL and SAL are equally correlated to subglottal pressure (P(S)). Interestingly, the vowel variation effect was small in both SPL and SAL. Furthermore, in comparison to SPL, SAL correlated weakly to P(S). SAL exhibited practically no dependence on fundamental frequency, rather, its major determinant was the musical dynamic. This results in a non-sloping, square-like phonetogram contour. These outcomes show that SAL potentially can facilitate phonetographic analysis of the singing voice.
authors.affiliation: Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, Stockholm, Sweden. anick@nada.kth.se
authors.forename: Anick
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lamarche
authors.forename: Sten
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ternström
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010699:Phonation / Q000502:physiology*; D011312:Pressure; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena; D014705:Verbal Behavior; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000502:physiology; D014833:Voice Quality