VRACs CARVe a path for novel mechanisms of communication in the CNS.
Because the brain is encased by the skull, the ability to control cell volume in the brain is crucial, and pathological conditions that disturb cell volume homeostasis may severely compromise neural function and survival. Astrocytes are the main cell type to show swelling in response to pathological conditions. More recently, a role for swelling-induced neurotransmitter release from astrocytes under nonpathological conditions has been reported. Astrocytes express a volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC) that is involved in volume homeostasis. In addition to transporting chloride, VRACs allow the efflux of chloride and amino acids such as taurine, glutamate, and aspartate. Glutamate and aspartate are potent activators of neuronal glutamate receptors. Therefore, this nonsynaptic form of cellular communication may modulate neuronal excitability and synaptic activity.
Mulligan
Sean J
SJ
Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E5.
MacVicar
Brian A
BA
D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology; D048429:Cell Size / Q000187:drug effects; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000166:cytology*; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000502:physiology; D002712:Chlorides / Q000502:physiology; D005665:Furosemide / Q000494:pharmacology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D009579:Nitrobenzoates / Q000494:pharmacology; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D017966:Pyramidal Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology*
D002614:Chelating Agents; D018118:Chloride Channels; D002712:Chlorides; D007473:Ion Channels; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D009579:Nitrobenzoates; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D001224:Aspartic Acid; C058176:5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005665:Furosemide; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D002118:Calcium