title: Paraneoplastic production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in a bladder carcinoma.
abstract: We report the case of a 51-year-old female with poorly differentiated bladder carcinoma who presented with leukocytosis and hypercalcemia. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was noted to be twice the normal level. Paraneoplastic leukocytosis in bladder carcinoma is rare, is often associated with paraneoplastic hypercalcemia, and appears to represent a particularly aggressive form of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Weiler Hospital of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Haris
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Turalic
authors.forename: Frank D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Deamant
authors.forename: Jeffrey H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Reese
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D007964:Leukocytosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D008875:Middle Aged; D010257:Paraneoplastic Syndromes / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor