title: Exploring the relationship between caffeine intake and essential tremor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been suggested that environmental factors may be associated with essential tremor (ET). This study was carried out to evaluate the association of caffeine intake with ET.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a case control study, patients diagnosed with ET and healthy controls underwent a standardized questionnaire interview to evaluate the exposure to coffee and tea intake. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to evaluate the association of caffeine intake and other environmental factors with risk of ET.
  
  
  RESULTS
  179 subjects including 79 ET patients and 100 controls matched for age, gender and ethnicity were included in the analysis. Univariate analysis revealed that caffeine consumption in ET patients was higher than control group (median and 90th percentile range: 2300 (0, 9000) mg-years versus 1500 (0, 6090) mg-years, p=0.01). However, the multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that caffeine was no longer a significant factor associated with ET (p=0.119). There was no significant correlation between amount of caffeine intake and disease duration (Spearman's r=0.194; p=0.202) or total tremor score (Spearman's r=0.045; p=0.771) in ET patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Caffeine consumption was not associated with risk of ET in our study population. Further studies are needed to investigate the significance of gene-environmental interaction in ET.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fook-Choong
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuen
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002110:Caffeine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004327:Drinking Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D020329:Essential Tremor / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013662:Tea / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D003069:Coffee; D013662:Tea; D002110:Caffeine