title: Emerging roles for PAX8 in ovarian cancer and endosalpingeal development.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Epithelial ovarian carcinomas develop from ovarian surface epithelia that undergo complex differentiation to form distinguishable phenotypes resembling those of the epithelia of the female urogenital regions. While previous studies have implicated regulatory developmental homeobox (HOX) genes in this process, other factors responsible for this differentiation are largely unknown. Aberrant transcriptional expression of PAX8 has been reported in epithelial ovarian cancer, prompting us to initiate the molecular characterization of this master regulatory gene in ovarian cancer development.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting and RT-PCR were used to investigate the presence of PAX8 and its protein products in epithelial ovarian cancer subtypes, normal ovarian surface epithelia, ovarian inclusion cysts and normal endosalpingeal epithelia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this report, we confirm microarray results indicating that the transcription factor, PAX8, is highly expressed in epithelial ovarian cancer but absent from the precursor ovarian surface epithelia of healthy individuals. Furthermore, we report that PAX8 is localized to the nucleus of non-ciliated epithelia in simple ovarian epithelial inclusion cysts and in three epithelial ovarian cancer subtypes (serous, endometrioid and clear cell). We also determined that PAX8 is expressed in the non-ciliated, secretory cells of healthy fallopian tube mucosal linings but not in the adjacent ciliated epithelia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support the hypothesis that PAX8 plays parallel roles in the development of epithelial ovarian cancer and in the developmental differentiation of coelomic epithelia into endosalpingeal epithelia.
authors.affiliation: School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Ovarian Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA. bowen@gatech.edu
authors.forename: Nathan J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Bowen
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Logani
authors.forename: Erin B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Dickerson
authors.forename: Laura B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Kapa
authors.forename: Mariam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akhtar
authors.forename: Benedict B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Benigno
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: McDonald
mesh_terms: D005187:Fallopian Tubes / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010053:Ovary / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D000072636:PAX8 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D000072636:PAX8 Transcription Factor; C083325:PAX8 protein, human; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors