title: Randomized controlled study of 3 different types of hemoclips for hemostasis of bleeding canine acute gastric ulcers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mechanical closure of bleeding vessels is clinically appealing, and several types of hemoclips are now marketed for endoscopic hemostasis of nonvariceal lesions. No comparative data have been reported on ease of clip placement, hemostasis efficacy, or clip retention rates on bleeding ulcers.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare 3 different types of hemoclips for hemostasis of bleeding ulcers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven adult dogs with prehepatic portal hypertension were heparinized, and acute gastric ulcers were made with jumbo biopsy forceps. Animals had oral proton pump inhibitors daily and weekly endoscopies to quantitate clip retention and ulcer healing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bleeding ulcers were randomized in pairs (2 for each treatment/dog) to endoscopic hemoclip treatment or control.
  
  
  METHODS
  Initial times and success of deployment, hemostasis efficacy, clip retention rates, and ulcer healing during endoscopic follow-ups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in initial hemostasis rates of hemoclips, and no major complications occurred. Ulcer healing times were faster (Resolution Clip [RC] or TriClip [TC]) or similar (QuickClip2 [QC]) to controls. Clip retention at 1 week was significantly less with TC and, at 3 to 7 weeks, was significantly higher with RC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1) For the 3 hemoclip devices, initial hemostasis rates were 100%, but all devices required similar learning time to place clips successfully. (2) Short-term retention rates of TC were significantly less than QC or RC. (3) Long-term clip retention was significantly higher with RC. (4) All 3 hemoclips were safe, and none interfered with ulcer healing.
authors.affiliation: CURE Hemostasis Research Group, CURE Digestive Diseases Research Center, Bldg 115, Rm 318, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90073-1003, USA.
authors.forename: Dennis M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Gustavo A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Machicado
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirabayashi
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D004867:Equipment Design; D016558:Hemostasis, Endoscopic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000150:complications; D010438:Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000601:surgery*; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing