title: Effect of the introduction of a lumbar-puncture sticker and teaching manikin on junior staff documentation and performance of paediatric lumbar punctures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Performing a lumbar puncture in an unwell child can cause anxiety in both the parent and the junior doctor. There is increasing evidence of post-lumbar-puncture complications in this age group.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To improve the documentation, consent for and technical performance of paediatric lumbar punctures to 100% of the required standard within 3 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  The paediatric emergency department of a the Royal North Shore Hospital (University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia).
  
  
  METHODS
  Paediatric emergency staff, including residents, registrars and consultants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of 40 consecutive children who had undergone a lumbar puncture in the 6 months before the introduction of the lumbar-puncture proforma were reviewed. After introduction of the proforma, the records of 25 consecutive patients were reviewed to assess changes in the outcome measures. Before introduction of the proforma, junior medical staff were instructed in the procedure using specialised lumbar puncture manikins (Baby Stap; Laerdel, USA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before introduction of the proforma, the median number of documented indicators was 4, out of a maximum of 12. There was almost no documentation of parental consent, patient complications and analgesia. Introduction of the proforma resulted in a highly marked increase to a median of 12 documented indicators per patient (p<0.01, 95% confidence interval 6 to 8).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The introduction of a lumbar-puncture proforma and formal teaching sessions using a paediatric manikin led to a marked improvement in the documentation of paediatric lumbar-punctures. Lumbar-punctures can be performed only by accredited medical officers who have achieved competency on the lumbar-puncture teaching manikin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia. Jonny.Taitz@sesiahs.health.nsw.gov.au
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Taitz
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wyeth
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lennon
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Torre
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cattell
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004282:Documentation / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D008348:Manikins; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000193:education / Q000592:standards*; D009517:New South Wales; D033282:Parental Consent; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000193:education*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D003294:Seizures, Febrile / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013129:Spinal Puncture / Q000379:methods*