title: Automation reliability in unmanned aerial vehicle control: a reliance-compliance model of automation dependence in high workload.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Two experiments were conducted in which participants navigated a simulated unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) through a series of mission legs while searching for targets and monitoring system parameters. The goal of the study was to highlight the qualitatively different effects of automation false alarms and misses as they relate to operator compliance and reliance, respectively.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Background data suggest that automation false alarms cause reduced compliance, whereas misses cause reduced reliance.
  
  
  METHODS
  In two studies, 32 and 24 participants, including some licensed pilots, performed in-lab UAV simulations that presented the visual world and collected dependent measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results indicated that with the low-reliability aids, false alarms correlated with poorer performance in the system failure task, whereas misses correlated with poorer performance in the concurrent tasks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compliance and reliance do appear to be affected by false alarms and misses, respectively, and are relatively independent of each other.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Practical implications are that automated aids must be fairly reliable to provide global benefits and that false alarms and misses have qualitatively different effects on performance.
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois, Institute of Aviation, Aviation Human Factors Division, 1 Airport Rd., Savoy, IL 61874, USA. srdixon1@uiuc.edu
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.forename: Christopher D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Wickens
mesh_terms: D000401:Aircraft; D001331:Automation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000592:standards*; D004868:Equipment Failure; D006801:Humans; D008328:Man-Machine Systems; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014481:United States