title: First evidence for differential and sequential efferent effects of stimulus relevance and goal conduciveness appraisal.
abstract: In the context of a memory task, participants were presented with pictures displaying biological and cultural threat stimuli or neutral stimuli (stimulus relevance manipulation) with superimposed symbols signaling monetary gains or losses (goal conduciveness manipulation). Results for heart rate and facial electromyogram show differential efferent effects of the respective appraisal outcomes and provide first evidence for sequential processing, as postulated by Scherer's component process model of emotion. Specifically, as predicted, muscle activity over the brow and cheek regions marking the process of relevance appraisal occurred significantly earlier than facial muscle activity markers of goal conduciveness appraisal. Heart rate, in contrast, was influenced by the stimulus relevance manipulation only.
authors.affiliation: University of Geneva, Switzerland. Tatjana.Aue@pse.unige.ch
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aue
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flykt
authors.forename: Klaus R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Scherer
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000786:Anger / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D004525:Efferent Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004576:Electromyography; D005149:Facial Expression; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000294:innervation*; D005239:Fear / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006040:Goals; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology; D009042:Motivation; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D012911:Snakes; D013112:Spiders; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology