title: Changes in urinary compositions among children after consuming prepared oral doses of aloe (Aloe vera Linn).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  1) To investigate the amount of citrate and tartrate in aloe gel, and in the urine of healthy normal children, before and after consuming fresh aloe gel. 2) To evaluate the changes in the chemical composition of urine among subjects after taking aloe gel. 3) To determine the value of consuming aloe gel for prevention of renal stone formation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen healthy boys between 9 and 13 years of age were enrolled (with informed permission) in the clinical trial. Subjects ingested 100 g of fresh prepared aloe gel twice a day for seven consecutive days. The 24-hour urine was collected one day prior to taking the gel (Day 0), Days 2 and 5 of consumption, and Day 8 (one day after completion). The authors determined the urine volume, osmolality, potassium, sodium, phosphate, calcium, magnesium, uric acid, citrate, tartrate, oxalate, Permissible Increment in Calcium (PI Ca), Permissible Increment in Oxalate (PI Ox), Concentration Product Ratio of Calcium Phosphate (CPR CaPO4) and the citrate per creatinine ratio.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The citrate and tartrate concentration in 100 g of fresh aloe gel was 96.3 and 158.9 mg, respectively. The 24-hr urine volume and urinary citrate excretion were significantly increased (p < 0.05). The PI Ca and the PI Ox were also significantly increased (p < 0.05). The other measurements were unremarkable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One hundred grams of fresh Aloe vera gel contains 96.3 milligrams of citrate and 158.9 milligrams of tartrate and were in the mid-range among Thai fruits. Changes in chemical compositions of urine after aloe gel consumption shows potential for preventing kidney stone formation among children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sukachart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kirdpon
authors.forename: Wichit
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kirdpon
authors.forename: Wanchai
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Airarat
authors.forename: Kaewjai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thepsuthammarat
authors.forename: Somsong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nanakorn
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000504:Aloe; D002648:Child; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000652:urine*; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D010070:Oxalates / Q000652:urine*; D013644:Tartrates / Q000652:urine*; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D010070:Oxalates; D013644:Tartrates; D019343:Citric Acid