title: Carcinoembryonic antigen messenger RNA expression in blood predicts recurrence in esophageal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The clinical significance of isolated tumor cells (ITC) in blood has not been clearly established, particularly during follow-up in cancer patients. We conducted a longitudinal analysis of the relationship between ITC in blood during follow-up and clinicopathologic findings in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples obtained from 106 patients were examined by real-time RT-PCR assay targeting carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) mRNA. Follow-up examination every 3 months after surgery included testing for CEA mRNA and tumor markers, as well as imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-nine (36.8%) patients were positive for CEA mRNA expression. CEA mRNA positivity significantly correlated with tumor depth, lymph node metastasis, stage, and venous invasion. Recurrent disease was found in 34 of 106 (32.1%) cases. CEA mRNA was found in 28 (76.5%) patients experiencing relapse. Of these 28 patients, the number positive of CEA mRNA before detection by imaging, at the same time of detection by imaging, and after detection by imaging was 18 (52.9%), 8 (23.5%), and 2 (5.9%), respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for CEA mRNA were higher than those for serum CEA or squamous cell carcinoma. Patients positive for CEA mRNA experienced significantly shorter disease-free interval than those with negative CEA mRNA (P < 0.001). According to multivariate analysis, CEA mRNA positivity was an independent factor for disease-free interval.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Examination of CEA mRNA in peripheral blood during follow-up is useful for early detection of occult recurrence. We believe that CEA mRNA in blood will be a new marker for recurrence in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology and Digestive Surgery, Field of Oncology, Course of Advanced Therapeutics, Kagoshima University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan. setoyam2@m.kufm.kagoshima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Setoyama
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Natsugoe
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Yasuto
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uchikado
authors.forename: Sumiya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishigami
authors.forename: Tetsuhiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Owaki
authors.forename: Sonshin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takao
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aikou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000235:genetics*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012008:Recurrence; D015843:Serpins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D015843:Serpins; C051072:squamous cell carcinoma-related antigen