title: Monitoring intermediate filament assembly by small-angle x-ray scattering reveals the molecular architecture of assembly intermediates.
abstract: Intermediate filaments (IFs), along with microtubules, microfilaments, and associated cross-bridging proteins, constitute the cytoskeleton of metazoan cells. While crystallographic data on the dimer representing the elementary IF "building block" have recently become available, little structural detail is known about both the mature IF architecture and its assembly pathway. Here, we have applied solution small-angle x-ray scattering to investigate the in vitro assembly of a 53-kDa human IF protein vimentin at pH 8.4 by systematically varying the ionic strength conditions, and complemented these experiments by electron microscopy and analytical ultracentrifugation. While a vimentin solution in 5 mM Tris.HCl (pH 8.4) contains predominantly tetramers, addition of 20 mM NaCl induces further lateral assembly evidenced by the shift of the sedimentation coefficient and yields a distinct octameric intermediate. Four octamers eventually associate into unit-length filaments (ULFs) that anneal longitudinally. Based on the small-angle x-ray scattering experiments supplemented by crystallographic data and additional structural constraints, 3D molecular models of the vimentin tetramer, octamer, and ULF were constructed. Within each of the three oligomers, the adjacent dimers are aligned exclusively in an approximately half-staggered antiparallel A(11) mode with a distance of 3.2-3.4 nm between their axes. The ULF appears to be a dynamic and a relatively loosely packed structure with a roughly even mass distribution over its cross-section.
authors.affiliation: Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Institute of Crystallography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.
authors.forename: Anna V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Sokolova
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kreplak
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wedig
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mücke
authors.forename: Dmitri I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Svergun
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.forename: Ueli
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Aebi
authors.forename: Sergei V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Strelkov
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011487:Protein Conformation; D014461:Ultracentrifugation; D014746:Vimentin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D014746:Vimentin