title: Carbohydrate-binding agents efficiently prevent dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN)-directed HIV-1 transmission to T lymphocytes.
abstract: Exposure of HIV-1 to dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN)-expressing B-lymphoblast Raji cells (Raji/DC-SIGN) but not to wild-type Raji/0 cells results in the capture of HIV-1 particles to the cells as measured by the quantification of cell-associated p24 antigen. Cocultivation of HIV-1-captured Raji/DC-SIGN cells with uninfected CD4+ T lymphocyte C8166 cells results in abundant formation of syncytia within 36 h after cocultivation. Short preexposure of HIV-1 to carbohydrate-binding agents (CBA) dose dependently prevents the Raji/DC-SIGN cells from efficiently binding the virus particles, and no syncytia formation occurs upon subsequent cocultivation with C8166 cells. Thus, the mannose-specific [i.e., the plant lectins Hippeastrum hybrid agglutinin (HHA), Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA), Narcissus pseudonarcissus agglutinin; and Cymbidium agglutinin (CA); the procaryotic cyanovirin-N (CV-N); and the monoclonal antibody 2G12) and N-acetylglucosamine-specific (i.e., the plant lectin Urtica dioica agglutinin) CBAs efficiently abrogate the DC-SIGN-directed HIV-1 capture and subsequent transmission to T lymphocytes. In this assay, the CD4-down-regulating cyclotriazodisulfonamide derivative, the CXCR4 and CCR5 coreceptor antagonists 1-[[4-(1,4,8,11-tetrazacyclotetradec-1-ylmethyl)phenyl]methyl] - 1,4,8,11 - tetrazacyclotetradecane (AMD3100) and maraviroc, the gp41-binding enfuvirtide, and the polyanionic substances dextran sulfate (M(r) 5000), sulfated polyvinyl alcohol, and the naphthalene sulfonate polymer PRO-2000 were markedly less efficient or even completely ineffective. Similar observations were made in primary monocyte-derived dendritic cell cultures that were infected with HIV-1 particles that had been shortly pre-exposed to the CBAs CV-N, CA, HHA, and GNA and the polyanions DS-5000 and PRO-2000. The potential of CBAs, but not polyanions and other structural/functional classes of entry inhibitors, to impair DC-SIGN-expressing cells in their capacity of transmitting HIV to T lymphocytes might be an important property to be taken into consideration in the eventual choice to move microbicide candidate drugs to the clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. jan.balzarini@rega.kuleuven.be
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Balzarini
authors.forename: Yven
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Van Herrewege
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vermeire
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vanham
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schols
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D015726:Giant Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D037121:Plant Lectins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000821:virology*; D000099215:DC-Specific ICAM-3 Grabbing Nonintegrin
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D037121:Plant Lectins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D000099215:DC-Specific ICAM-3 Grabbing Nonintegrin