title: The role of intrinsic efficacy in determining response to a beta2-agonist in acute severe asthma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current guidelines recommend repeated doses of albuterol for the emergency treatment of acute asthma. However, approximately one-third of patients show little or no initial response to this partial beta(2)-agonist.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a randomized, double-blind, proof-of-concept study to investigate whether a full beta(2)-agonist, isoproterenol, offers a therapeutic advantage in adults presenting with acute severe asthma (FEV(1)<50%) who fail to respond to an initial treatment of the partial beta(2)-agonist, albuterol. Study subjects were randomized to receive a 2-h continuous nebulization of either albuterol (7.5mg/h) (n=10, mean FEV(1)=37% predicted) or isoproterenol (7.5mg/h) (n=9, mean FEV(1)=33% predicted). Respiratory symptoms, vital signs and pulmonary function measures were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects from both treatment groups had similar baseline characteristics. The percent improvements from baseline FEV(1) at 60 and 120min were significantly higher in subjects receiving isoproterenol than those receiving albuterol (44 vs. 17% and 63 vs. 24%, respectively, P<0.05). The change in symptoms measured by the modified Borg score was also significantly greater in subjects receiving isoproterenol (P<0.01). Both treatments were well tolerated, though the mean increase in pulse rate at 60 and 120min (21 vs. 1 and 23 vs. 6beats/min, respectively, P<0.05) and the mean change in serum potassium at 120min (-0.52 vs. -0.07meq/L, P<0.05) from baseline were significantly greater in the isoproterenol group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that in subjects presenting with acute severe asthma who fail to show an initial response to albuterol, the use of a beta(2)-agonist of higher intrinsic efficacy can be more effective in improving lung function and symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. Hanania@bcm.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Nicola A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Hanania
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Janice L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.forename: Charles T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Remzi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bag
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharafkhaneh
authors.forename: Burton F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Dickey
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000420:Albuterol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D007545:Isoproterenol; D000420:Albuterol