title: Endothelial function and biochemical vascular markers in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients: the effect of exercise training.
abstract: Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is associated with the presence of atherosclerosis. However, ED is also considered a sign of the early vascular changes preceding atherosclerosis. By measuring flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and circulating markers of endothelial function we sought to explore whether impaired endothelial function is already present in healthy subjects at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, we aimed to assess the impact of short-term lifestyle intervention (10 weeks endurance exercise) on the potentially primary defects of endothelial function. Twenty-nine healthy but insulin-resistant first-degree relatives of patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (33 +/- 5 years; body mass index, 26.3 +/- 1.6 kg/m2) were compared with 19 control subjects without a family history of diabetes mellitus (31 +/- 5 years; body mass index, 25.8 +/- 3.0 kg/m2). At baseline the von Willebrand factor was significantly increased in the relatives (P < .05). Furthermore, mannose-binding lectin (P = .06), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (P = .08), and osteoprotegerin (P = .08) tended to be increased in relatives. The following markers of endothelial function were comparable at baseline: FMD, C-reactive protein, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1. Exercise training resulted in a decrease in mannose-binding lectin (P = .02) and osteoprotegerin (P < .01) in relatives only, whereas other biochemical markers were unaffected in both groups. Moreover, the relatively high-intensity exercise training tended weakly to reduce FMD in the relatives (P = .15). In conclusion, healthy subjects predisposed for type 2 diabetes mellitus show only minor signs of endothelial dysfunction. Under these almost normal vascular conditions, exercise training has little effect on endothelial function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes M, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus Sygehus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. oest@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: Torben
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ostergård
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nyholm
authors.forename: Troels K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Lars M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: Jørgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ingerslev
authors.forename: Keld E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.forename: Hans E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Bøtker
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Saltin
authors.forename: Ole
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Schmitz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D037601:Mannose-Binding Lectin / Q000378:metabolism; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000097:blood; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D037601:Mannose-Binding Lectin; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D002097:C-Reactive Protein