title: Comparison of diagnostic criteria for female bladder outlet obstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is no universally accepted definition of bladder outlet obstruction in women. We compared 5 contemporary urodynamic definitions and determined how well they correlated with each other and with clinical suspicion of bladder outlet obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 154 women who underwent videourodynamics were prospectively evaluated. Clinical obstruction was suspected when history, physical examination, symptoms and basic testing before urodynamics raised the suspicion. Women were classified as having obstruction based on 5 contemporary definitions, including 3 pressure flow cutoff point criteria, videourodynamic criteria and the Blaivas-Groutz nomogram. The McNemar Test was used to compare each definition to the others and to suspicion of clinical obstruction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the women 91 were evaluable, including 26 (29%) with obstruction by videourodynamic criteria, 28 (31%) with obstruction by 1998 cut point criteria, 18 (20%) with obstruction by 2000 cut point criteria, 13 (14%) with obstruction by 2004 cut point criteria and 38 (42%) with obstruction by the Blaivas-Groutz nomogram. Videourodynamic and 1998 cut point criteria were not significantly different from each other (78.9% concordance) and each agreed with the clinically obstructed category in the comparison. Compared to the other criteria, the Blaivas-Groutz nomogram overestimated obstruction, while 2004 cut point criteria tended to underestimate it.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Each urodynamic definition of female bladder outlet obstruction has merit. Videourodynamic criteria and 1998 cut point criteria have the highest concordance. The Blaivas-Groutz nomogram overestimates obstruction compared to the other criteria. Therefore, it should not be used as the sole or standard definition of obstruction in women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Tulsi V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Akikwala
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fleischman
authors.forename: Victor W
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Nitti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis*