title: "Getting AIDS: not in my back yard." Results from a national knowledge, attitudes and practices survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Israel, as a country of immigration, has a heterogeneous distribution of risk for human immunodeficiency virus. Therefore, general population-based surveys of sexual behaviors among young adults may be useful for guiding prevention policy. To the best of our knowledge, the present survey is the first one among Israeli adults ever published.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To survey knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding sexually transmitted infections in Israeli adults in order to target the future AIDS public campaigns for the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A national sample of 800 individuals, aged 18-45, was interviewed telephonically in September 2000.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average number of sexual partners reported in the previous 3 months was 1.3. Accurate knowledge on HIV transmission modes was expressed by 99% of respondents for unprotected sexual intercourse, 97% for re-use of needles and syringes, and 85% for mother-to-child infection. However, incorrect notions on transmission were also prevalent (34% for insect bites, 29% for kissing and 21% for public toilets). Prevention of STIs and prevention of pregnancy were the most common reasons for using condoms (72-73%); HIV prevention was the motivation for 39%. Fifty percent of single individuals without steady partners always/usually used condoms. It was decided that women need empowerment to negotiate condom use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gaps were found between knowledge (at high level), attitudes (perceiving greater risk for others than themselves) and behavioral practices (combining low level of partner exchange with widespread disregard for safe sex). Promptly implemented, these findings will serve as a baseline for further surveys.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tuberculosis and AIDS, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel. daniel.chemtob@moh.health.gov.il
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chemtob
authors.forename: Beverley
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Damelin
authors.forename: Niva
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bessudo-Manor
authors.forename: Rommey
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hassman
authors.forename: Yair
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Amikam
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zenilman
authors.forename: Dov
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tamir
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007557:Israel; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011639:Public Opinion; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D015229:Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires