title: Malignant progression of a small HCC nodule: hypovascular 'early HCC' converted to hypervascular 'small HCC' within six months.
abstract: We report a case of hepatocellular carcinoma superimposed on chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) hepatitis in which final diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma was delayed because there was no consensus on hypervascularity with two diagnostic methods at the time of presentation. A 3 cm lesion was initially observed as hypovascular at multidetector-row computed tomography. Conversely, two months later the lesion appeared hypervascular at contrast-ultrasonography and gadolinium-enhanced dynamic magnetic resonance, and hyperintense after superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced T2W studies. Only in the late follow-up it was definitively confirmed as hypervascular in the arterial phase of multidetector-row computed tomography. This case clearly highlights some pitfalls in the European Association for the study of the liver guidelines for hepatocellular carcinoma management, which were readdressed in the last American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and in the forthcoming international proposals, leading to more pragmatic suggestions for clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy. golfieri@aosp.bo.it
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Golfieri
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Coppola
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fusco
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li Bassi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Caraceni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernardi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Trevisani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D014463:Ultrasonography