title: Predominance of ancestral lineages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in India.
abstract: Although India has the highest prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) worldwide, the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in India is largely unknown. A collection of 91 isolates originating from 12 different regions spread across the country were analyzed by genotyping using 21 loci with variable-number tandem repeats (VNTRs), by spoligotyping, by principal genetic grouping (PGG), and by deletion analysis of M. tuberculosis-specific deletion region 1. The isolates showed highly diverse VNTR genotypes. Nevertheless, highly congruent groupings identified by using the 4 independent sets of markers permitted a clear definition of 3 prevalent PGG1 lineages, which corresponded to the "ancestral" East African-Indian, the Delhi, and the Beijing/W genogroups. A few isolates from PGG2 lineages and a single representative of the presumably most recent PGG3 were identified. These observations suggest a predominance of ancestral M. tuberculosis genotypes in the Indian subcontinent, which supports the hypothesis that India is an ancient endemic focus of TB.
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
authors.forename: M Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.forename: Niyaz
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Eve
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Willery
authors.forename: Sujatha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Narayanan
authors.forename: Seyed E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hasnain
authors.forename: Devendra S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.forename: Vishwa M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Katoch
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.forename: Camille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Locht
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Supply
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000032:analysis; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D009841:Oligonucleotides