Upper airway imaging in obstructive sleep apnea.
OBJECTIVE
Obstructive sleep apnea continues to be a significant public health problem. A variety of imaging modalities have been used recently to gain insight into the pathogenesis of this disease, as well as to identify therapeutic options.


RESULTS
Data from more recent imaging studies have highlighted key findings regarding the anatomic sites of collapse and local tissue factors promoting upper airway compromise. The role of genetics, aging, gender and ethnicity in the development of sleep apnea and the identification of predictors for successful treatment outcomes for sleep-disordered breathing are also reviewed.


CONCLUSIONS
As our understanding of obstructive sleep apnea evolves, newer imaging techniques and computerized models may be able to further enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of this disease.
Ahmed
Murtuza M
MM
Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
Schwab
Richard J
RJ
D000375:Aging; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D006801:Humans; D012137:Respiratory System; D012737:Sex Factors; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome