title: Management of fever without source in young children presenting to an emergency room.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The management of fever without source in young children is controversial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the management approach in our paediatric emergency room, and to correlate it to existing practice guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  We indexed 2176 consecutive patients, aged 1 to 36 mo, seen in our emergency department because of fever > or = 38.5 degrees C. Patients with chronic illness, recent antibiotic use, focal bacterial infection or typical viral illness were excluded, and the management approach of the remaining 376 patients was analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common final diagnosis was acute febrile illness (n=228), whereas bacterial and viral infections were demonstrated in 120 and 28 patients, respectively. Most of the time, our residents correctly ordered complete blood count, chest radiograph and urinalysis in children for whom those investigations are recommended. A blood culture was rarely obtained, even in patients under empirical antibiotherapy. Residents often ordered chest radiograph and urinalysis in low-risk patients, and conflicted with guidelines when considering the prescription of empirical antibiotherapy. Their management allowed the early diagnosis and treatment of two pneumococcal bacteraemias, one meningococcal bacteraemia, seven urinary tract infections and 11 pneumonias, which would have been initially missed by strict adherence to the guidelines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant differences exist in the management of the young febrile child between our practice patterns and guidelines, without influence on patient outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium. martial.massin@chrcitadelle.be
authors.forename: Martial M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Massin
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Montesanti
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lepage
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D005335:Fever of Unknown Origin / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011446:Prospective Studies