title: Benefits of salmon eating on traditional and novel vascular risk factors in young, non-obese healthy subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present clinical study tested the hypothesis that oil-rich fish consumption improves CHD risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight (16 men) non-obese, healthy adults aged 20-55, consumed 125 g/day of salmon for a 4-week period followed by a 4-week period with no-fish (41 completers). Subjects were instructed to maintain dietary and physical activity patterns during the period of study. Blood pressure, anthropometric, body composition and dietary information with fasting blood samples to determine traditional and novel CHD risk markers and plasma fatty acids were obtained before and after each period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to no-fish, eating salmon significantly decreased systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure by 4%, triglycerides by 15%, and LDL-cholesterol by 7%, and significantly increased HDL-cholesterol by 5% (P<0.05). The changes in blood pressure and lipids alone with salmon intake predict around a 25% reduction in CHD risk based on the PROCAM risk calculator. Plasma adiponectin demonstrated a trend towards improvement (8.39 micromol/L with salmon and 7.52 with no-fish; P=0.086) but no significant changes were found either in plasma leptin, glucose or insulin after salmon consumption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Daily consumption of salmon improves traditional risk predictors of CHD in non-obese subjects. Adiponectin may be involved but the impact on novel risk factors needs study in high-risk subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, Division of Developmental Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Jose J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lara
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Economou
authors.forename: A Michael
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rumley
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Slater
authors.forename: Muriel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caslake
authors.forename: Naveed
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sattar
authors.forename: Michael E J
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Lean
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004032:Diet; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012474:Salmon; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D005395:Fish Oils; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides