title: Endothelium-dependent vasodilator effect of Euterpe oleracea Mart. (Açaí) extracts in mesenteric vascular bed of the rat.
abstract: Açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) a fruit from the Amazon region, largely consumed in Brazil is rich in polyphenols. Experiments were undertaken to determine whether hydro-alcoholic extract obtained from stone of açaí induces a vasodilator effect in the rat mesenteric vascular bed precontracted with norepinephrine (NE) and, if so, to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Açai stone extract (ASE, 0.3-100 microg) induced a long-lasting endothelium-dependent vasodilation that was significantly reduced by N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) and (1)H-[1,2,3] oxadiazolo [4,4-a] quinoxalin-l-one (ODQ) and abolished by KCl (45 mM) plus l-NAME. In vessels precontrated with NE and KCl (45 mM) or treated with K(Ca)(+2) channel blockers (charybdotoxin plus apamin), the effect of ASE was significantly reduced. However this effect is not affect by indomethacin, glybenclamide and 4-aminopiridine. Atropine, pyrilamine, yohimbine and HOE 140 significantly reduced the vasodilator effect of acetylcholine, histamine, clonidine and bradykinin, respectively, but did not change the vasodilator effect of ASE. In cultured endothelial cells ASE (100 microg/mL) induced the formation of NO that was reduced by N(G)-nitro-l-arginine (l-NA, 100 microM). The present study demonstrates that the vasodilator effect of ASE is dependent on activation of NO-cGMP pathway and may also involve endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) release. The vasodilator effect suggest a possibility to use ASE as a medicinal plant, in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Psychobiology, IBRAG, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: A P M
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: L C R M
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: M A V
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.forename: S V F
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Madeira
authors.forename: P J C
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tano
authors.forename: V B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Schini-Kerth
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Resende
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Soares de Moura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D028023:Arecaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D001685:Biological Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D001938:Brazil; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D045462:Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D005638:Fruit; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000187:drug effects*; D008643:Mesentery / Q000098:blood supply; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001685:Biological Factors; D045462:Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D015221:Potassium Channels; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; C067410:endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization factor; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D006152:Cyclic GMP