title: Proteome changes in Arabidopsis thaliana roots upon exposure to Cd2+.
abstract: Cadmium is a major environmental pollutant that enters human food via accumulation in crop plants. Responses of plants to cadmium exposure--which directly influence accumulation rates--are not well understood. In general, little is known about stress-elicited changes in plants at the proteome level. Alterations in the root proteome of hydroponically grown Arabidopsis thaliana plants treated with 10 microM Cd(2+) for 24 h are reported here. These conditions trigger the synthesis of phytochelatins (PCs), glutathione-derived metal-binding peptides, shown here as PC2 accumulation. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis using different pH gradients in the first dimension detected on average approximately 1100 spots per gel type. Forty-one spots indicated significant changes in protein abundance upon Cd(2+) treatment. Seventeen proteins found in 25 spots were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Selected results were independently confirmed by western analysis and selective enrichment of a protein family (glutathione S-transferases) through affinity chromatography. Most of the identified proteins belong to four different classes: metabolic enzymes such as ATP sulphurylase, glycine hydroxymethyltransferase, and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase; glutathione S-transferases; latex allergen-like proteins; and unknown proteins. These results represent a basis for reverse genetics studies to better understand plant responses to toxic metal exposure and to the generation of internal sinks for reduced sulphur.
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany.
authors.forename: Udo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: Edda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: von Roepenack-Lahaye
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Clemens
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002104:Cadmium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005978:Glutathione / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D054811:Phytochelatins; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020543:Proteome / Q000187:drug effects*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D002104:Cadmium; D054811:Phytochelatins; D005978:Glutathione