title: Flavocytochrome P450 BM3 and the origin of CYP102 fusion species.
abstract: Flavocytochrome P450 (cytochrome P450) BM3 is an intensively studied model system within the P450 enzyme superfamily, and is a natural fusion of a P450 to its P450 reductase redox partner. The fusion arrangement enables efficient electron transfer within the enzyme and a catalytic efficiency that cannot be matched in P450 systems from higher organisms. P450 BM3's potential for industrially relevant chemical transformations is now recognized, and variants with biotechnological applications have been constructed. Simultaneously, structural and mechanistic studies continue to reveal the intricate mechanistic details of this enzyme, including its dimeric organization and the relevance of this quaternary structure to catalysis. Homologues of BM3 have been found in several bacteria and fungi, indicating important physiological functions in these microbes and enabling first insights into evolution of the enzyme family. This short paper deals with recent developments in our understanding of structure, function, evolution and biotechnological applications of this important P450 system.
authors.affiliation: Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7ND, UK.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Girvan
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Waltham
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Neeli
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: McLean
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Scrutton
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leys
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Munro
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods; D002384:Catalysis; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009251:NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase; D010802:Phylogeny; D011487:Protein Conformation
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D009251:NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase; C052423:flavocytochrome P450 BM3 monoxygenases