title: Proteins with GGDEF and EAL domains regulate Pseudomonas putida biofilm formation and dispersal.
abstract: Microbial biofilm formation often causes problems in medical and industrial settings, and knowledge about the factors that are involved in biofilm development and dispersion is useful for creating strategies to control the processes. In this report, we present evidence that proteins with GGDEF and EAL domains are involved in the regulation of biofilm formation and biofilm dispersion in Pseudomonas putida. Overexpression in P. putida of the Escherichia coli YedQ protein, which contains a GGDEF domain, resulted in increased biofilm formation. Overexpression in P. putida of the E. coli YhjH protein, which contains an EAL domain, strongly inhibited biofilm formation. Induction of YhjH expression in P. putida cells situated in established biofilms led to rapid dispersion of the biofilms. These results support the emerging theme that GGDEF-domain and EAL-domain proteins are involved in regulating the transition of bacteria between a roaming lifestyle and a sessile biofilm lifestyle.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biomedical Microbiology, BioCentrum-DTU, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark, UK.
authors.forename: Morten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gjermansen
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ragas
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tolker-Nielsen
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002465:Cell Movement; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D016958:Pseudomonas putida / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins