Benefits of salmon eating on traditional and novel vascular risk factors in young, non-obese healthy subjects.
OBJECTIVE
The present clinical study tested the hypothesis that oil-rich fish consumption improves CHD risk factors.


METHODS
Forty-eight (16 men) non-obese, healthy adults aged 20-55, consumed 125 g/day of salmon for a 4-week period followed by a 4-week period with no-fish (41 completers). Subjects were instructed to maintain dietary and physical activity patterns during the period of study. Blood pressure, anthropometric, body composition and dietary information with fasting blood samples to determine traditional and novel CHD risk markers and plasma fatty acids were obtained before and after each period.


RESULTS
Compared to no-fish, eating salmon significantly decreased systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure by 4%, triglycerides by 15%, and LDL-cholesterol by 7%, and significantly increased HDL-cholesterol by 5% (P<0.05). The changes in blood pressure and lipids alone with salmon intake predict around a 25% reduction in CHD risk based on the PROCAM risk calculator. Plasma adiponectin demonstrated a trend towards improvement (8.39 micromol/L with salmon and 7.52 with no-fish; P=0.086) but no significant changes were found either in plasma leptin, glucose or insulin after salmon consumption.


CONCLUSIONS
Daily consumption of salmon improves traditional risk predictors of CHD in non-obese subjects. Adiponectin may be involved but the impact on novel risk factors needs study in high-risk subjects.
Lara
Jose J
JJ
Department of Human Nutrition, Division of Developmental Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, Scotland, UK.
Economou
Maria
M
Wallace
A Michael
AM
Rumley
Anne
A
Lowe
Gordon
G
Slater
Christine
C
Caslake
Muriel
M
Sattar
Naveed
N
Lean
Michael E J
ME
D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004032:Diet; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012474:Salmon; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D005395:Fish Oils; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides