title: A grid-based infrastructure for ecological forecasting of rice land Anopheles arabiensis aquatic larval habitats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For remote identification of mosquito habitats the first step is often to construct a discrete tessellation of the region. In applications where complex geometries do not need to be represented such as urban habitats, regular orthogonal grids are constructed in GIS and overlaid on satellite images. However, rice land vector mosquito aquatic habitats are rarely uniform in space or character. An orthogonal grid overlaid on satellite data of rice-land areas may fail to capture physical or man-made structures, i.e paddies, canals, berms at these habitats. Unlike an orthogonal grid, digitizing each habitat converts a polygon into a grid cell, which may conform to rice-land habitat boundaries. This research illustrates the application of a random sampling methodology, comparing an orthogonal and a digitized grid for assessment of rice land habitats.
  
  
  METHODS
  A land cover map was generated in Erdas Imagine V8.7 using QuickBird data acquired July 2005, for three villages within the Mwea Rice Scheme, Kenya. An orthogonal grid was overlaid on the images. In the digitized dataset, each habitat was traced in Arc Info 9.1. All habitats in each study site were stratified based on levels of rice stage
  
  
  RESULTS
  The orthogonal grid did not identify any habitat while the digitized grid identified every habitat by strata and study site. An analysis of variance test indicated the relative abundance of An. arabiensis at the three study sites to be significantly higher during the post-transplanting stage of the rice cycle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regions of higher Anopheles abundance, based on digitized grid cell information probably reflect underlying differences in abundance of mosquito habitats in a rice land environment, which is where limited control resources could be concentrated to reduce vector abundance.
authors.affiliation: Illinois Natural History Survey, Center for Ecological Entomology, 1816 South Oak St, Champaign, IL 61820 Champaign, IL 61820, USA. bjacob@uiuc.edu
authors.forename: Benjamin G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: Ephantus J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Muturi
authors.forename: Jose E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Funes
authors.forename: Josephat I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Shililu
authors.forename: John I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Githure
authors.forename: Ibulaimu I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Kakoma
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Novak
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000502:physiology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D017753:Ecosystem; D005544:Forecasting / Q000379:methods; D007814:Larva / Q000502:physiology; D009032:Mosquito Control; D012275:Oryza; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water