title: Extracellular matrix-bound angiopoietin-like 4 inhibits endothelial cell adhesion, migration, and sprouting and alters actin cytoskeleton.
abstract: Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) is a secreted protein that belongs to the angiopoietin family and is involved in angiogenesis and metabolism regulation. We previously reported the induction of angptl4 by hypoxia in endothelial cells and in human ischemic tissues from peripheral artery disease. We here observed in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia that the mRNA upregulation in the vessels correlates with the accumulation of the full-length protein in ischemic tissues. We then investigated its functions in endothelial cells. In response to hypoxia, endogenous ANGPTL4 accumulates in the subendothelial extracellular matrix (ECM). Although the secreted protein undergoes proteolysis leading to truncated fragments present in the medium, only full-length ANGPTL4 interacts with the ECM. Competition and direct binding assays indicate that the strong interaction of ANGPTL4 with the ECM is heparin/heparan sulfate proteoglycan dependent. The balance between matrix-associated and soluble forms of ANGPTL4 points to the role of the ECM in the regulation of its bioavailability. The angiogenic function of the ECM-bound full-length protein was investigated using either the form associated with the conditioned ECM from ANGPTL4-transfected HEK293 cells or the purified immobilized protein. We show that matrix-associated and immobilized ANGPTL4 limit the formation of actin stress fibers and focal contacts in the adhering endothelial cells and inhibit their adhesion. Immobilized ANGPTL4 also decreases motility of endothelial cells and inhibits the sprouting and tube formation. Altogether, these findings show that hypoxic endothelial cells accumulate ANGPTL4 in the ECM, which in turn negatively regulates their angiogenic capacities through an autocrine pathway.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U36, College de France, Paris.
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cazes
authors.forename: Ariane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galaup
authors.forename: Clémence
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chomel
authors.forename: Marine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bignon
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bréchot
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Le Jan
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Corvol
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Germain
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Monnot
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000075803:Angiopoietin-Like Protein 4; D042682:Angiopoietins; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D006493:Heparin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000098:blood supply*; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007511:Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D000075803:Angiopoietin-Like Protein 4; D042682:Angiopoietins; C407088:Angptl4 protein, mouse; D001798:Blood Proteins; D011509:Proteoglycans; C036090:heparin proteoglycan; D006493:Heparin