title: Cystatin C, left ventricular hypertrophy, and diastolic dysfunction: data from the Heart and Soul Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Impaired kidney function, as measured by serum cystatin C, is associated with risk of incident heart failure. Whether cystatin C is associated with preclinical cardiac structural abnormalities is unknown. We evaluate whether cystatin C is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, and systolic dysfunction among 818 outpatients with coronary artery disease who were free of clinical heart failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 818 study participants were categorized into quartiles based on serum cystatin C concentrations, with < or =0.91 mg/L constituting the lowest quartile (I) and > or =1.28 mg/L constituting the highest (IV). Left ventricular hypertrophy (left ventricular mass index >90 g/m(2) by truncated ellipsoid method), diastolic dysfunction (impaired relaxation, pseudo-normal, or restrictive filling patterns) and systolic dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction < or =50%) were determined by echocardiography. Left ventricular hypertrophy was present in 68% of participants in quartile IV, compared with 44% of those in quartile I (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.17; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34 to 3.52; P = .002). Diastolic dysfunction was present in 52% of participants in quartile IV, compared with 24% of those in quartile I (adjusted OR 1.79; 95% CI 1.04 to 3.11; P = .04). Systolic dysfunction was present in 12% of those in quartile IV, compared with 6% of those in quartile I (adjusted OR 1.83; 95% CI 0.75 to 4.46; P = .15).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher cystatin C concentrations are strongly associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction in outpatients with coronary artery disease and without heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Box 0532, HSE 672, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0532, USA.
authors.forename: Joachim H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ix
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Shlipak
authors.forename: Glenn M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Chertow
authors.forename: Sadia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Nelson B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Schiller
authors.forename: Mary A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Whooley
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D055316:Cystatin C; D015891:Cystatins / Q000097:blood*; D003971:Diastole; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013599:Systole
chemical_list: C525030:CST3 protein, human; D055316:Cystatin C; D015891:Cystatins