title: Immune pathways and defence mechanisms in honey bees Apis mellifera.
abstract: Social insects are able to mount both group-level and individual defences against pathogens. Here we focus on individual defences, by presenting a genome-wide analysis of immunity in a social insect, the honey bee Apis mellifera. We present honey bee models for each of four signalling pathways associated with immunity, identifying plausible orthologues for nearly all predicted pathway members. When compared to the sequenced Drosophila and Anopheles genomes, honey bees possess roughly one-third as many genes in 17 gene families implicated in insect immunity. We suggest that an implied reduction in immune flexibility in bees reflects either the strength of social barriers to disease, or a tendency for bees to be attacked by a limited set of highly coevolved pathogens.
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA. evansj@ba.ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aronstein
authors.forename: Y P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hetru
authors.forename: J-L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Imler
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanost
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hultmark
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D049750:Genome, Insect; D007109:Immunity / Q000235:genetics*; D053612:Janus Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D005810:Multigene Family; D050791:STAT Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D050791:STAT Transcription Factors; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; C118897:peptidoglycan recognition protein; D053612:Janus Kinases; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases