title: Nanoparticles as potential oral delivery systems of proteins and vaccines: a mechanistic approach.
abstract: Peptides and proteins remain poorly bioavailable upon oral administration. One of the most promising strategies to improve their oral delivery relies on their association with colloidal carriers, e.g. polymeric nanoparticles, stable in gastrointestinal tract, protective for encapsulated substances and able to modulate physicochemical characteristics, drug release and biological behavior. The mechanisms of transport of these nanoparticles across intestinal mucosa are reviewed. In particular, the influence of size and surface properties on their non-specific uptake or their targeted uptake by enterocytes and/or M cells is discussed. Enhancement of their uptake by appropriate cells, i.e. M cells by (i) modeling surface properties to optimize access to and transport by M cells (ii) identifying surface markers specific to human M cell allowing targeting to M cells and nanoparticles transcytosis is illustrated. Encouraging results upon in vivo testing are reported but low bioavailability and lack of control on absorbed dose slow down products development. Vaccines are certainly the most promising applications for orally delivered nanoparticles.
authors.affiliation: Université Catholique de Louvain, Unité de Pharmacie Galénique, Avenue E. Mounier, 73-20, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: des Rieux
authors.forename: Virginie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fievez
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garinot
authors.forename: Yves-Jacques
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Préat
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D011506:Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D014612:Vaccines