title: Biological role of estrogen receptor beta in salivary gland adenocarcinoma cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study is intended to investigate the biological role of estrogen receptor (ER) nongenomic signaling in salivary gland adenocarcinoma cells that predominantly express ERbeta.
  
  
  METHODS
  Salivary gland adenocarcinoma cell lines HSG and HSY were used to study the effect of diarylpropionitrile and estrogen on the nongenomic signaling of ERbeta, cytoskeletal remodeling, and cell motility.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that diarylpropionitrile and estrogen triggered rapid activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK), Src, and focal adhesion kinase signaling pathways. Estrogen stimulation also induced long cytoplasmic extensions, filopodia formation, and abnormal outgrowths in both HSG and HSY cells. We further observed that ligand-induced migration of these cells was blocked by the pure antiestrogen ICI 182780 and the mitogen-activated protein/ERK kinase inhibitor PD98059, indicating that estrogen-induced cell migration is mediated by the activation of ERbeta nongenomic signaling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results clearly showed that ERbeta nongenomic signaling is active in salivary gland cells and has a biological role in migration, presumably via the stimulation of ERK1/2. In future, the findings of this study might have clinical importance as several ERbeta-selective agonists are currently being available, and these could potentially be used for therapeutic targeting of ERbeta-positive salivary tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Kazufumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohshiro
authors.forename: Suresh K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Rayala
authors.forename: Michelle D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Adel K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: El-Naggar
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000503:physiopathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000502:physiology; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D012468:Salivary Gland Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases