title: Effectiveness and safety of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors and clopidogrel alone and in combination in non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (from the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction-4).
abstract: We investigated whether a combination of clopidogrel and glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitors safely decreases hospital mortality, reinfarction, and major bleeding beyond either therapy alone in patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors and clopidogrel, separately, have been shown to decrease adverse outcomes in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes, but the need for combination therapy is uncertain. Multivariate and propensity analyses compared the frequency of death, reinfarction, and major bleeding during hospitalization in 38,691 patients with NSTEMI who were enrolled in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 4 from July 2000 to December 2003. Of these, 65% received GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors only, 16.1% clopidogrel only, and 18.8% combination therapy. Among patients who did not undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the composite end point of death, reinfarction, and major bleeding was significantly lower with combination therapy than with GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors alone (odds ratio 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.67 to 0.88). In contrast, this composite end point was significantly higher when combination therapy was employed rather than clopidogrel alone (odds ratio 1.55, 95% confidence interval 1.33 to 1.81). However, among patients who underwent PCI, the composite end point was similar between combination therapy and GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor-only groups (odds ratio 1.01, 95% confidence interval 0.89 to 1.14). Further, there was a strong trend toward a higher composite end point among patients who received combination therapy rather than clopidogrel alone (odds ratio 1.31, 95% confidence interval 0.99 to 1.72). In conclusion, commonly employed strategies using a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor alone or with the combination of clopidogrel plus GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor in NSTEMI may not be justified in comparison with a simpler strategy of clopidogrel used alone, especially in patients who have not undergone PCI.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA. guibmarin@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Guilherme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bromberg-Marin
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Marin-Neto
authors.forename: Lori S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Canto
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Rogers
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000628:therapy; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D005260:Female; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000628:therapy*; D018579:Patient Selection; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D012008:Recurrence; D012042:Registries; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine