title: The relationship between mandated community treatment and perceived barriers to care in persons with severe mental illness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In recent decades debate has intensified over both the ethics and effectiveness of mandated mental health treatment for persons residing in the community. Perceived barriers to care among persons subjected to mandated community treatment, and the possibility that fear of involuntary treatment may actually create or strengthen such barriers rather than dissolve them, are key issues relevant to this debate but have been little studied. This article explores the link between receipt of mandated (or "leveraged") community treatment and reasons for avoiding or delaying treatment reported by persons with severe mental illness. It also examines the potential moderating effect of social support on the association between mandated treatment experiences and barriers attributable to fear of involuntary commitment or forced treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data are presented from a survey of 1011 persons with psychiatric disorders being treated in public-sector mental health service systems in five U.S. cities. Logistic and negative binomial regression analyses were used to examine the association between mandated community treatment and perceptions of barriers to care, controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Across sites, 32.4% to 46.3% of respondents reported barriers attributed to fear of forced treatment. Whereas 63.7% to 76.1% reported at least one non-mandate-related barrier to care; the mean number of non-mandated barriers to care ranged from 1.6 to 2.3 (range 0-7). Between 44.1% and 59.0% of participants had experienced at least one type of leveraged treatment. Persons experiencing multiple forms of mandated treatment were more likely to report barriers to care in comparison to those not reporting mandated treatment. Findings also indicated that social support moderates the relationship between multiple leverages (three or four forms) and mandate-related barriers to care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perceived barriers to care associated with mandated treatment experience have the potential to adversely affect both treatment adherence and therapeutic alliance. Awareness of potential barriers to care and how they interact with patients' perceived social support may lead to improved outcomes associated with mandated treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States. richard.vandorn@duke.edu
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Van Dorn
authors.forename: Eric B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Elbogen
authors.forename: Allison D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Redlich
authors.forename: Jeffrey W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: Marvin S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Swartz
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mustillo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002140:California; D003068:Coercion; D003156:Community Mental Health Services / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida; D006801:Humans; D007087:Illinois; D008297:Male; D037141:Mandatory Programs / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D008404:Massachusetts; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009657:North Carolina; D011584:Psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012944:Social Support