title: High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of urinary trans, trans-muconic acid excreted by workers occupationally exposed to benzene.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between trans, trans-muconic acid (ttMA) as benzene metabolite of occupational workers and benzene concentration in air.
  
  
  METHODS
  A rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography was developed to determine the level of urinary ttMA. ttMA was extrated from urinary samples in liquid-liquid phase a ODS (2) (5u) column (phi 4.6 mm x 150 mm) and detected at wavelength 264 nm in a UV detector using vanillic acid as an internal standard. The mobile phase was acetaticacid/tetrahydrofuran/methanol/water (v/v, 1:2:10:87). The method was validated with 56 urine samples collected from occupationally benzene-exposed individuals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A correlation coefficient (r = 0.9963) was found for ttMA ranging 0.10-10.00 microg/mL. The limit of detection was 0.10 microg/mL. The recovery and reproducibility were generally over 90%. There was a positive correlation between ttMA and benzene level in air. The equation was Y = 0.859 + 0.108C (before work, r = 0.6200) or Y = 1.980 + 0.179C (after work, r = 0.7930).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This method can be used to determine and control the level of urinary ttMA in those who are occupationally exposed to benzene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430080, Hubei, China. huxiaming@163.com
authors.forename: Xia-Min
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Shi-Zhen
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Fang-Li
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Li-Wen
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000652:urine*; D001554:Benzene / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D002138:Calibration; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008669:Metallurgy; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013011:Sorbic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D015415:Biomarkers; C005939:muconic acid; D001554:Benzene; D013011:Sorbic Acid