title: Sensitization and exposure to house dust and storage mites in high-altitude areas of ecuador.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few studies have addressed exposure and sensitization to mite allergens in Andean countries.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify the main mite species in 3 locations at different altitudes in Ecuador and to verify skin test reactivity to various mite species in allergic individuals in Quito, Ecuador.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mattress dust samples were collected in Quito (2,800 m above sea level), Cuenca (2,500 m above sea level), and Guayaquil (sea level). Mite species present in the samples were isolated, identified, and counted. Der p 1 and Der f 1 levels were measured using monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassays. Four hundred thirty-five patients in Quito diagnosed as having allergic rhinitis or asthma underwent skin testing with commercial extracts of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, Blomia tropicalis, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, and Lepidoglyphus destructor. In addition, Glycyphagus domesticus, Acarus siro, and Aleuroglyphus ovatus were tested in 362, 262, and 279 patients, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one mite species were identified. Large populations of mites were detected above 2,500 m of altitude. All the dust samples contained detectable levels of Der p 1 or Der f 1. Positive skin prick test reactions to D. pteronyssinus, D. farinae, B. tropicalis, L. destructor, T. putrescentiae, A. ovatus, A. siro, and G. domesticus were obtained in 60.9%, 56.8%, 17.0%, 19.3%, 10.6%, 15.8%, 8.8%, and 11.0% of the patients, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most analyzed mattresses contained several species of mites. Mite allergen levels were high. This study confirms the importance of house dust and storage mite allergens in Ecuador in areas above 2,500 m of altitude, where humidity remains high year round.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Alergia y Dermatología, Centro México Meditrópoli, Quito, Ecuador. rommelva@andinanet.net
authors.forename: Rommel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Valdivieso
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Iraola
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Estupiñán
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fernández-Caldas
mesh_terms: D040041:Acaridae; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000531:Altitude; D039741:Antigens, Dermatophagoides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology*; D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004484:Ecuador / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D039981:Pyroglyphidae; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D012882:Skin Tests
chemical_list: D039741:Antigens, Dermatophagoides