title: Induction of heme oxygenase-1 mediates the anti-inflammatory effects of the ethanol extract of Rubus coreanus in murine macrophages.
abstract: Foods of plant origin, especially fruits and vegetables, draw increased attention because of their potential benefits to human health. The aim of the present study was to determine in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of four different extracts obtained from the fruits of Rubus coreanus (aqueous and ethanol extracts of unripe and ripe fruits). Among the four extracts, the ethanol extract of unripe fruits of R. coreanus (URCE) suppressed nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophages. We also demonstrated that URCE by itself is a potent inducer of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Inhibition of HO-1 activity by tin protoporphyrin, a specific HO-1 inhibitor, suppressed the URCE-induced reductions in the production of NO and PGE(2) as well as the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). Our data suggest that URCE exerts anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages via activation of the HO-1 pathway and helps to elucidate the mechanism underlying the potential therapeutic value of R. coreanus extracts.
authors.affiliation: Center for Efficacy Assessment and Development of Functional Foods and Drugs, Hallym University, Gangwon-do 200-702, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jun Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sun-Mee
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Soon Sung
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Yeon Sil
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyun-Kyung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Yang-Seok
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Nong-Hoon
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.forename: Jung Han Yoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jin-Kyung
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D002460:Cell Line; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000187:drug effects*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000276:immunology*; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D012393:Rosacea / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000431:Ethanol; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1