title: Real-time color-flow CMR in adults with congenital heart disease.
abstract: CMR is valuable in the evaluation of congenital heart disease (CHD). Traditional flow imaging sequences involve cardiac and respiratory gating, increasing scan time and susceptibility to arrhythmias. We studied a real-time color-flow CMR system for the detection of flow abnormalities in 13 adults with CHD. All 16 congenital flow abnormalities previously detected by echocardiography were visualized using color-flow CMR, including atrial septal defects (n = 4), ventricular septal defects (n = 9), aortic coarctation (n = 1), Blalock-Taussig shunt (n = 1) and Fontan shunt (n = 1). Real-time color-flow CMR can identify intra- and extra-cardiac flow abnormalities in adults with congenital heart disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5233, USA.
authors.forename: Erasmo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de la Pena
authors.forename: Patricia K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Krishna S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.forename: Phillip C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: David N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: Bob S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pauly
authors.forename: Michael V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: McConnell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D012039:Regional Blood Flow