title: Cellular immobilization within microfluidic microenvironments: dielectrophoresis with polyelectrolyte multilayers.
abstract: The development of biomimetic microenvironments will improve cell culture techniques by enabling in vitro cell cultures that mimic in vivo behavior; however, experimental control over attachment, cellular position, or intercellular distances within such microenvironments remains challenging. We report here the rapid and controllable immobilization of suspended mammalian cells within microfabricated environments using a combination of electronic (dielectrophoresis, DEP) and chemical (polyelectrolyte multilayers, PEMS) forces. While cellular position within the microsystem is rapidly patterned via intermittent DEP trapping, persistent adhesion after removal of electronic forces is enabled by surface treatment with PEMS that are amenable to cellular attachment. In contrast to DEP trapping alone, persistent adhesion enables the soluble microenvironment to be systematically varied, facilitating the use of soluble probes of cell state and enabling cellular characterization in response to various soluble stimuli.
authors.affiliation: Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, MS 8394, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8394, USA. sam.forry@nist.gov
authors.forename: Samuel P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Forry
authors.forename: Darwin R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gaitan
authors.forename: Laurie E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Locascio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000737:chemistry*; D004586:Electrophoresis / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004573:Electrolytes