title: The ENHANCER OF SHOOT REGENERATION 2 gene in Arabidopsis regulates CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON 1 at the transcriptional level and controls cotyledon development.
abstract: Cytokinins stimulate shoot regeneration in tissue culture but the genes required for this developmental process are not well understood. Here we show that the Arabidopsis gene, ENHANCER OF SHOOT REGENERATION 2 (ESR2), encoding an AP2-domain transcriptional factor, functions in the regeneration of shoots in tissue culture. ESR2 overexpression conferred cytokinin-independent shoot regeneration from cre1/ahk4 mutant explants, suggesting that CRE1 is not required for ESR2-mediated shoot regeneration. ESR2 directly targeted CYCLIN D1;1, ARABIDOPSIS PHOSPHOTRANSMITTER 6 (AHP6) and CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON 1 (CUC1) in assays involving the translocation of ESR2-ER (estradiol receptor) fusions to the nucleus. Knock-down of ESR2 expression by RNA interference (RNAi) reduced CUC1 expression and resulted in altered cotyledon phenotypes at a low frequency, including partially fused cotyledons and triple cotyledons. Phenotypes of induced ESR2 expression in a cuc1-1 mutant background were suppressed. Our results suggest that ESR2 plays a role in shoot regeneration through transcriptional regulation of CUC1.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021-6399, USA.
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Hiroharu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Banno
authors.forename: Qi-Wen
authors.initials: QW
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Stephen H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Howell
authors.forename: Nam-Hai
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Chua
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018548:Cotyledon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D003583:Cytokinins / Q000494:pharmacology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D017343:Genes, Plant; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D011959:Receptors, Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D036226:Seedlings / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D003583:Cytokinins; D004958:Estradiol; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D011494:Protein Kinases; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D011959:Receptors, Estradiol; D014157:Transcription Factors; C426007:CUC1 protein, Arabidopsis; C517039:DRNL protein, Arabidopsis; C421783:WOL protein, Arabidopsis