title: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of metastatic brain tumors: variations of metabolic profile.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spectroscopic imaging can be helpful for the noninvasive identification of parenchymal brain tumors. The objective of the present study was the characterization of the metabolic profile of intracranial metastases, based on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and four metastatic brain tumors were evaluated by long-echo (TR, 2000 ms; TE, 136 ms) single-voxel volume-selected proton MRS. In 83 patients the tumor fraction within the MRS voxel constituted more than 50%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to normal brain, the tumors showed statistically significant decreases of N-acetylaspartate (P < 0.0001), creatine (P < 0.0001), and the [NAA]/choline-containing compounds ratio (P < 0.0001), increases of [Cho] (P < 0.0001) and the mobile lipids/[Cr] ratio (P < 0.0001) and the lactate/[Cr] ratio (P < 0.05), and the more frequent presence of [Lip] (P < 0.0001) and [Lac] (P < 0.0001) resonances. However, the majority of these differences were lost when data for patients whose tumor fraction within the MRS voxel constituted less than 50% were analyzed separately. Determination of the predominant metabolite peak on the MR spectrum [NAA, Cho, Lip] permitted us to define three general metabolic patterns of brain metastases, which, showed statistically significant associations with the size of the neoplasm (P < 0.001), type of its contrast enhancement (P < 0.01), and the extent of perilesional edema (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proton MRS can define metabolically different subsets of metastatic brain tumors, and these characteristics should be taken into consideration during the differential diagnosis of parenchymal brain lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan. m_chernov@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Mikhail F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Chernov
authors.forename: Motohiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Izawa
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Tomokatsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hori
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000556:secondary; D002794:Choline / Q000378:metabolism; D003401:Creatine / Q000378:metabolism; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015192:Infratentorial Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011522:Protons; D015173:Supratentorial Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011522:Protons; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D003401:Creatine; D002794:Choline