title: [Hyponatremia: effective treatment based on calculated outcomes].
abstract: A 78-year-old man was treated for symptomatic hyponatremia. Despite administration of an isotonic NaCl 0.9% solution, plasma sodium remained unchanged due to high concentrations of sodium and potassium in the urine. After infusion of a hypertonic NaCl solution, a satisfactory increase in plasma sodium was reached and symptoms resolved gradually. The hyponatremia was found to be caused by hypothyroidism, which was treated. A 70-year-old female was admitted to the hospital with loss of consciousness and hyponatremia. She was treated initially with a hypertonic NaCl 2.5% solution, which resulted in a steady increase in plasma sodium and a resolution of symptoms. Treatment was changed to an isotonic NaCl 0.9% infusion to attenuate the rise of serum sodium. Nevertheless plasma sodium increased too rapidly due to increased diuresis and reduced urinary sodium and potassium excretion. A slower increase in plasma sodium was achieved by administering a glucose 5% infusion. Hyponatremia is frequently observed in hospitalised patients. It should be treated effectively, and the rate of correction should be adapted to the clinical situation. Effective treatment is determined by calculating changes in effective osmoles and the resulting changes in the distribution of water over extra- and intracellular spaces. Changes in urine production and urinary excretion of sodium and potassium should be taken into account.
authors.affiliation: Universitair Medisch Centrum St Radboud, afd. Nierziekten, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen. g.vervoort@aig.umcn.nl
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vervoort
authors.forename: J F M
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wetzels
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000150:complications; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D008297:Male; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium