title: Prognostic significance of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and its receptors in adjuvantly treated stage III colon cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In preclinical models, there is synergism between chemotherapy and recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) on apoptosis induction in tumor cells. Therefore, the prognostic relevance was analyzed of the expression of TRAIL and its death receptors DR4 and DR5 on disease-free survival and overall survival in stage III colon cancer patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue microarrays were constructed of primary tumor tissue from 376 stage III colon cancer patients treated in a randomized adjuvant chemotherapy study (fluorouracil/levamisole v fluorouracil/levamisole/leucovorin) and stained immunohistochemically for TRAIL, DR4, and DR5. Log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazard analysis, with adjustment for treatment arm, sex, age, N stage, microsatellite instability status, and p53 mutation status, were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of tumors showed high expression of TRAIL (83%), DR4 (92%), and DR5 (87%). Median follow-up was 43 months. High DR4 expression was associated with worse disease-free survival (odds ratio [OR] = 2.19; 95% CI, 1.06 to 4.53; P = .03), worse overall survival (OR = 2.22; 95% CI,1.03 to 4.81; P = .04) and shorter time to recurrence (P = .02) compared with those with low DR4 expression. TRAIL or DR5 expression had no prognostic value.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High DR4 expression is associated with worse disease-free and overall survival in stage III adjuvant-treated colon cancer patients. Evaluation of DR4 expression in stage III colon cancer patients may identify a subset requiring more aggressive adjuvant treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Caroline M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: van Geelen
authors.forename: Jantine L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Westra
authors.forename: Elisabeth G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: Wytske
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Boersma-van Ek
authors.forename: Nynke
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zwart
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hollema
authors.forename: H Marike
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Boezen
authors.forename: Nanno H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Plukker
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: Jan H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kleibeuker
authors.forename: Jan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Koornstra
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000628:therapy*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016017:Odds Ratio; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000032:analysis*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; C105190:TNFRSF10A protein, human; C505639:TNFRSF10B protein, human; C505653:TNFSF10 protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha