Differential gene expression associated with migration of mesenchymal stem cells to conditioned medium from tumor cells or bone marrow cells.
Distinct signals that guide migration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to specific in vivo targets remain unknown. We have used rat MSCs to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in such migration. Rat MSCs were shown to migrate to tumor microenvironment in vivo, and an in vitro migration assay was used under defined conditions to permit further mechanistic investigations. We hypothesized that distinct molecular signals are involved in the homing of MSCs to tumor sites and bone marrow. To test this hypothesis, gene expression profiles of MSCs exposed in vitro to conditioned medium (CM) from either tumor cells or bone marrow were compared. Analysis of the microarray gene expression data revealed that 104 transcripts were upregulated in rat MSCs exposed to CM from C85 human colorectal cancer cells for 24 hours versus control medium. A subset of 12 transcripts were found to be upregulated in rat MSCs that were exposed to tumor cell CM but downregulated when MSCs were exposed to bone marrow CM and included CXCL-12 (stromal cell-derived factor-1 [SDF-1]), CXCL-2, CINC-2, endothelial cell specific molecule-1, fibroblast growth factor-7, nuclear factor-kappaB p105, and thrombomodulin. Exposure to tumor cell CM enhanced migration of MSCs and correlated with increased SDF-1 protein production. Moreover, knockdown of SDF-1 expression in MSCs inhibited migration of these cells to CM from tumor cells, but not bone marrow cells, confirming the importance of SDF-1 expression by MSCs in this differential migration. These results suggest that increased SDF-1 production by MSCs acts in an autocrine manner and is required for migratory responses to tumor cells.
Menon
Lata G
LG
Department of Medicine, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA.
Picinich
Sonia
S
Koneru
Rajeth
R
Gao
Hui
H
Lin
Siang Yo
SY
Koneru
Mythili
M
Mayer-Kuckuk
Philipp
P
Glod
John
J
Banerjee
Debabrata
D
D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000378:metabolism*; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
C515255:CXCL12 protein, human; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; C515256:Cxcl12 protein, mouse; D012333:RNA, Messenger