title: Prospective survey on safety evaluation of injectable methylxanthines in Japan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Injectable methylxanthines are useful drugs in the treatment of asthma. The Asthma Prevention and Management Guidelines (JGL) that are followed in Japan recommend the use of sustained-release theophylline to control the disease and use of injectable methylxanthines to alleviate symptoms. In contrast, the guidelines followed in the west do not promote theophylline use due to safety concerns, and the use of injectable methylxanthines in particular are not recommended. We thus conducted a study on adult patients with bronchial asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treated with theophylline and injectable methylxanthines in Japan in order to assess the safety of these drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  876 patients were surveyed at 55 medical institutions by the Committee on the Safety of Sustained-Release Theophylline and Injectable Methylxanthines (CST) of the Committee for Asthma Prevention and Management Guidelines of the Japanese Society of Allergology (JSA). 682 of the patients were evaluated for safety.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adverse reactions including facial flushing, palpitations, headache, tinnitus, diaphoresis, nausea, vomiting and tachycardia were reported by only 2 (0.29%) of the 682 patients, but none of these were serious.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results confirm that injectable methylxanthines are safe, when used in accordance with the JGL.
authors.affiliation: Committee on the Safety of Sustained-Release Theophylline and Injectable Methylxanthines (CST) of the Committee for Asthma Prevention and Management Guidelines in the Japanese Society of Allergology, Tokyo, Japan. kenohta@med.teikyo-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: Sohei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Makino
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kihara
authors.forename: Sigenori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Sankei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishima
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: Terumasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014970:Xanthines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014970:Xanthines; C008514:methylxanthine