title: Effect of pre-hospital advanced life support with rapid sequence intubation on outcome of severe traumatic brain injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of pre-hospital trauma care and the effect of pre-hospital rapid sequence intubation (RSI) on patient outcome are still not clear. This study evaluated the impact of pre-hospital trauma care by emergency physicians (EP) on mortality from severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and a 180-day Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A 48-month parallel non-controlled cohort study compared a group of 64 patients with severe TBI [Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) < 9; Injury Severity Score (ISS) > 15] who received pre-hospital advanced life support (ALS) with RSI and were transported to the hospital by EPs (EP group), with a group of 60 patients who did not receive pre-hospital ALS with RSI [emergency medical technicians (EMT) group].
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant statistical differences between the groups in age (P= 0.79), mechanism of injury (P= 0.68), gender (P= 0.82), initial GCS (P= 0.63), initial SaO(2) in the field (P= 0.63), initial systolic blood pressure in the field (P= 0.47) and on-scene time (P= 0.41). In the EP group, there was significantly better first hour survival (97% vs. 79%, P= 0.02), first day survival (90% vs. 72%, P= 0.02), better functional outcome (GOS 4-5: 53% vs. 33%, P < 0.01; GOS 2-3: 8% vs. 20%, P < 0.01) and shortened hospitalization time in intensive care unit (ICU) (P= 0.03) and other departments (P= 0.04). In total hospital mortality, we detected no differences between both groups [EP group: 40% (95% CI: 34-45%) vs. EMT group 42% (95% CI: 36-47%, P= 0.76], except in a subgroup of patients with GCS 6-8 where there was significantly lower total hospital mortality in the EP group (24% vs. 78%, P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After starting the trauma care system with emergency physicians in our region, there was a decrease in the number of deaths on hospital admission, a reduction in hospital mortality in the GCS group 6-8, a change in the temporal distribution of deaths, an improvement in functional neurological outcome and shortened hospitalization time.
authors.affiliation: Center for Emergency Medicine Maribor, University of Maribor--Medical Faculty, Maribor, Slovenia. petraklemen@email.si
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Klemen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grmec
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000401:mortality; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D047548:Defibrillators; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007440:Intubation / Q000379:methods; D008020:Life Support Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017524:Slovenia; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome