title: Acoustic roles of the laryngeal cavity in vocal tract resonance.
abstract: The acoustic effects of the laryngeal cavity on the vocal tract resonance were investigated by using vocal tract area functions for the five Japanese vowels obtained from an adult male speaker. Transfer functions were examined with the laryngeal cavity eliminated from the whole vocal tract, volume velocity distribution patterns were calculated, and susceptance matching analysis was performed between the laryngeal cavity and the vocal tract excluding the laryngeal cavity (vocal tract proper). It was revealed that the laryngeal cavity generates one of the formants of the vocal tract, which is the fourth in the present study. At this formant, the resonance of the laryngeal cavity (the 1/4 wavelength resonance) induces the open-tube resonance of the vocal tract proper (the 3/2 wavelength resonance). At the other formants, on the other hand, the vocal tract proper acts as a closed tube, because the laryngeal cavity has only a small contribution to generating these formants and the effective closed end of the whole vocal tract is the junction between the laryngeal cavity and the vocal tract proper.
authors.affiliation: ATR Human Information Science Laboratories, 2-2-2 Hikaridai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0288 Japan.
authors.forename: Hironori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takemoto
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: Parham
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mokhtari
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Honda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D007013:Hypopharynx / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D007830:Larynx / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D010699:Phonation / Q000502:physiology*; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000502:physiology; D014831:Voice