title: EULAR evidence based recommendations for the management of hand osteoarthritis: report of a Task Force of the EULAR Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutics (ESCISIT).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop evidence based recommendations for the management of hand osteoarthritis (OA).
  
  
  METHODS
  The multidisciplinary guideline development group comprised 16 rheumatologists, one physiatrist, one orthopaedic surgeon, two allied health professionals, and one evidence based medicine expert, representing 15 different European countries. Each participant contributed up to 10 propositions describing key clinical points for management of hand OA. Final recommendations were agreed using a Delphi consensus approach. A systematic search of Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Science Citation Index, AMED, Cochrane Library, HTA, and NICE reports was used to identify the best available research evidence to support each proposition. Where possible, the effect size and number needed to treat were calculated for efficacy. Relative risk or odds ratio was estimated for safety, and incremental cost effectiveness ratio was used for cost effectiveness. The strength of recommendation was provided according to research evidence, clinical expertise, and perceived patient preference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven key propositions involving 17 treatment modalities were generated through three Delphi rounds. Treatment topics included general considerations (for example, clinical features, risk factors, comorbidities), non-pharmacological (for example, education plus exercise, local heat, and splint), pharmacological (for example, paracetamol, NSAIDs, NSAIDs plus gastroprotective agents, COX-2 inhibitors, systemic slow acting disease modifying drugs, intra-articular corticosteroids), and surgery. Of 17 treatment modalities, only six were supported by research evidence (education plus exercise, NSAIDs, COX-2 inhibitors, topical NSAIDs, topical capsaicin, and chondroitin sulphate). Others were supported either by evidence extrapolated from studies of OA affecting other joint sites or by expert opinion. Strength of recommendation varied according to level of evidence, benefits and harms/costs of the treatment, and clinical expertise.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Eleven key recommendations for treatment of hand OA were developed using a combination of research based evidence and expert consensus. The evidence was evaluated and the strength of recommendation was provided.
authors.affiliation: Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK. weiya.zhang@nottingham.ac.uk
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: M
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authors.lastname: Doherty
authors.forename: B F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Leeb
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alekseeva
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Arden
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Bijlsma
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dinçer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dziedzic
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Häuselmann
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Herrero-Beaumont
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kaklamanis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lohmander
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maheu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martín-Mola
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pavelka
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Punzi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reiter
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sautner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smolen
authors.forename: G
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authors.lastname: Verbruggen
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authors.lastname: Zimmermann-Górska
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003697:Delphi Technique; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000379:methods; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D050823:Hand Joints; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods; D012196:Review Literature as Topic
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D005938:Glucocorticoids