title: Prevalence and risk factors of atherosclerosis in patients with psoriatic arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the extent of subclinical atherosclerosis by measuring the intima-media wall thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and to identify vascular risk factors associated with PsA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-seven patients with PsA were compared with 100 allegedly healthy subjects. Carotid duplex scanning was used to measure common carotid artery IMT. Traditional risk factors, such as gender, age, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, smoking, and lipids were checked. Assessment of PsA activity included clinical patterns of involvement, degree of severity, duration of morning stiffness, number of tender and swollen joints, degree of pain and fatigue, the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and fibrinogen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average IMT (mean +/- standard deviation) for PsA patients was significantly higher compared with controls (0.76 +/- 0.11 versus 0.64 +/- 0.27, respectively, P < 0.00001) for the whole group and after adjustment for age, gender, BMI, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. The PsA subjects had significantly higher levels of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, ESR, CRP, and fibrinogen, and their average IMT significantly correlated with age, BMI, duration of skin and joint disease, spine involvement, ESR, and fibrinogen. IMT did not correlate with the presence of oligo- or polyarthritis but was increased in patients with clinical spinal involvement. IMT was not associated with the degree of severity or the use of different therapies for PsA, including methotrexate or tumor necrosis factor-alpha-blocking agents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PsA patients exhibited greater IMT than healthy controls. Increased IMT independently correlated with parameters of disease activity and conventional risk factors of atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Oded
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kimhi
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Caspi
authors.forename: Natan M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Bornstein
authors.forename: Nitsan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maharshak
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gur
authors.forename: Yaron
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arbel
authors.forename: Doron
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Comaneshter
authors.forename: Daphna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Paran
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wigler
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levartovsky
authors.forename: Shlomo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berliner
authors.forename: Ori
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Elkayam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015535:Arthritis, Psoriatic / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D014463:Ultrasonography