title: Surgical options for articular defects of the knee.
abstract: Cartilage and osteochondral defects of the knee can in most cases be treated with total knee replacement in the elderly population. However, these lesions pose a difficult treatment problem in the younger patient. A number of surgical options are available today to address this increasingly common condition and each has its own indications and limitations. This article reviews debridement and microfracture, fixation, metallic spacing devices, autologous chondrocyte implantation, osteochondral autograft transplantation, fresh cadaveric allografts and osteotomies. In addition, possible future developments are discussed.
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Suite 476A, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1X5, Canada.
authors.forename: Catherine F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Kellett
authors.forename: Petros J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Boscainos
authors.forename: Allan E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Gross
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; D001863:Bone Screws; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D002357:Cartilage Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000601:surgery* / Q000637:transplantation; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000637:transplantation; D003646:Debridement / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D007720:Knee Prosthesis; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous