title: Molecular characterization of a DNA fragment harboring the replicon of pBMB165 from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bacillus thuringiensis belongs to the Bacillus cereus sensu lato group of Gram-positive and spore-forming bacteria. Most isolates of B. thuringiensis can bear many endogenous plasmids, and the number and size of these plasmids can vary widely among strains or subspecies. As far as we know, the replicon of the plasmid pBMB165 is the first instance of a plasmid replicon being isolated from subsp. tenebrionis and characterized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 20 kb DNA fragment containing a plasmid replicon was isolated from B. thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis YBT-1765 and characterized. By Southern blot analysis, this replicon region was determined to be located on pBMB165, the largest detected plasmid (about 82 kb) of strain YBT-1765. Deletion analysis revealed that a replication initiation protein (Rep165), an origin of replication (ori165) and an iteron region were required for replication. In addition, two overlapping ORFs (orf6 and orf10) were found to be involved in stability control of plasmid. Sequence comparison showed that the replicon of pBMB165 was homologous to the pAMbeta1 family replicons, indicating that the pBMB165 replicon belongs to this family. The presence of five transposable elements or remnants thereof in close proximity to and within the replicon control region led us to speculate that genetic exchange and recombination are potentially responsible for the divergence among the replicons of this plasmid family.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The replication and stability features of the pBMB165 from B. thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis YBT-1765 were identified. Of particular interest is the homology and divergence shared between the pBMB165 replicon and other pAMbeta1 family replicons.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China. m98sun@mail.hzau.edu.cn. hjy1204@webmail.hzau.edu.cn
authors.forename: Junyan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Suxia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mahillon
authors.forename: Géraldine A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Van der Auwera
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Ziniu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D023061:Gene Order; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames / Q000235:genetics; D010957:Plasmids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D012093:Replicon / Q000235:genetics*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004269:DNA, Bacterial