title: Nifedipine suppresses self-injurious behaviors in animals.
abstract: Self-injurious behavior is a common problem in many developmental disorders. The neurobiology of this behavior is not well understood, but the differing behavioral manifestations and associations with different disorders suggest that the underlying biological mechanisms are heterogeneous. The behavioral and biological heterogeneity is also evident in several animal models, where different manifestations can be provoked under different experimental conditions. Identifying commonalities among the different mechanisms is likely to be helpful in the design of treatments useful for the broadest populations of patients. The current studies reveal that nifedipine suppresses self-injurious behavior in 4 unrelated animal models: acute administration of high doses of +/-BayK 8644 or methamphetamine in mice, dopamine agonist treatment in rats with lesions of dopamine pathways during early development and repeated administration of pemoline in rats. The effect of nifedipine does not appear to be due to nonspecific mechanisms, such as sedation, since other classes of behaviors are unaffected or exaggerated. These results suggest that nifedipine may target a common biological mechanism in the expression of self-injurious behavior, and they suggest it should be considered in the treatment of self-injury in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA.
authors.forename: Bonita L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Blake
authors.forename: Amber M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Muehlmann
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Egami
authors.forename: George R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Breese
authors.forename: Darragh P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Devine
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Jinnah
mesh_terms: D001498:3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D002120:Calcium Channel Agonists; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016627:Oxidopamine; D010389:Pemoline; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013565:Sympatholytics
chemical_list: D002120:Calcium Channel Agonists; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D013565:Sympatholytics; D008694:Methamphetamine; D001498:3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester; D010389:Pemoline; D016627:Oxidopamine; D009543:Nifedipine