title: Cognition checklist for mania-revised.
abstract: The Cognitive Checklist for Mania-Revised (CCL-M-R), which measures the severity of maladaptive beliefs and cognitions associated with mania, was administered to 35 inpatients with a major depressive disorder, 20 inpatients with a schizoaffective disorder, and 45 inpatients with a bipolar I disorder to determine whether cognitions associated with mania differentiate patients who have most recently experienced either manic, mixed, or depressive episodes. The CCL-M-R is composed of four subscales assessing (a) exaggerated beliefs about self-worth (Myself), (b) grandiose beliefs about interpersonal relationships (Relationships), (c) erroneous beliefs about needing excitement from engaging in high risk situations (Pleasure/Excitement), and (d) unrealistic beliefs about having high energy levels for undertaking goal-driven activities (Activity). As hypothesized, the mean CCL-M-R total, Myself, Relationships, and Activity scores of the 26 patients with manic episodes were higher than those for either the 17 patients with mixed episodes or the 57 with depressive episodes. The CCL-M-R was discussed as a reliable and valid instrument for measuring the severity of maladaptive cognitions associated with mania in psychiatric patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. abeck@mail.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Aaron T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Colis
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Steer
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Madrak
authors.forename: Joseph F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Goldberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires