title: Enzymatically oxidized lactose and derivatives thereof as potential protein cross-linkers.
abstract: The enzyme galactose oxidase [EC 1.1.3.9] was applied to convert lactose, lactylamine and lactobionic acid into their corresponding 6'-aldehyde compounds. The potential protein cross-linking ability of these oxidized lactose and derivatives thereof was investigated using n-butylamine as the model compound. First, oxidized lactose gave double Maillard reaction products that were stable under mild alkaline conditions. Second, reductive amination of lactose followed by enzymatic oxidation gave cross-links that were stable under both neutral and alkaline conditions. Third, stable cross-links were obtained through enzymatic oxidation and amidation of lactobionic acid.
authors.affiliation: Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. arjan.wijk-van@dsm.com
authors.forename: Arjan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Wijk
authors.forename: Arjan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siebum
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schoevaart
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kieboom
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000737:chemistry; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry*; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D005692:Galactose Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D007785:Lactose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D015416:Maillard Reaction; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D004187:Disaccharides; C516675:galacto-hexodialdo-1,5-pyranosyl-1-4-glucose; C005608:lactobionic acid; D005692:Galactose Oxidase; D007785:Lactose