title: Bolus characteristics based on Magnetic Resonance Angiography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A detailed contrast bolus propagation model is essential for optimizing bolus-chasing Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA). Bolus characteristics were studied using bolus-timing datasets from Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) for adaptive controller design and validation.
  
  
  METHODS
  MRA bolus-timing datasets of the aorta in thirty patients were analyzed by a program developed with MATLAB. Bolus characteristics, such as peak position, dispersion and bolus velocity, were studied. The bolus profile was fit to a convolution function, which would serve as a mathematical model of bolus propagation in future controller design.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maximum speed of the bolus in the aorta ranged from 5-13 cm/s and the dwell time ranged from 7-13 seconds. Bolus characteristics were well described by the proposed propagation model, which included the exact functional relationships between the parameters and aortic location.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The convolution function describes bolus dynamics reasonably well and could be used to implement the adaptive controller design.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. zhijun-cai@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Zhijun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stolpen
authors.forename: Melhem J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sharafuddin
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McCabe
authors.forename: Henri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Potts
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vannier
authors.forename: Debiao
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: Jafar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Golzarian
authors.forename: Shiliang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Ge
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Er-Wei
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Bai
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D003287:Contrast Media; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media