title: MyoD-positive epiblast cells regulate skeletal muscle differentiation in the embryo.
abstract: MyoD mRNA is expressed in a subpopulation of cells within the embryonic epiblast. Most of these cells are incorporated into somites and synthesize Noggin. Ablation of MyoD-positive cells in the epiblast subsequently results in the herniation of organs through the ventral body wall, a decrease in the expression of Noggin, MyoD, Myf5, and myosin in the somites and limbs, and an increase in Pax-3-positive myogenic precursors. The addition of Noggin lateral to the somites compensates for the loss of MyoD-positive epiblast cells. Skeletal muscle stem cells that arise in the epiblast are utilized in the somites to promote muscle differentiation by serving as a source of Noggin.
authors.affiliation: Center for Chronic Disorders of Aging, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA.
authors.forename: Jacquelyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gerhart
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Elder
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Neely
authors.forename: Jared
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schure
authors.forename: Tage
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kvist
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Knudsen
authors.forename: Mindy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: George-Weinstein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002642:Chick Embryo; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian; D004848:Epithelium / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D005121:Extremities; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D009024:Morphogenesis; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology* / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D017570:MyoD Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051787:Myogenic Regulatory Factor 5 / Q000378:metabolism; D009218:Myosins / Q000378:metabolism; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D019170:Somites / Q000378:metabolism; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D000099176:Noggin Protein
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D017570:MyoD Protein; D051787:Myogenic Regulatory Factor 5; D009218:Myosins; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D000099176:Noggin Protein