title: [Nephrogenic adenoma of the bladder in children younger than 10 years: report of 5 cases].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nephrogenic adenoma (NA) of the bladder is a rare transitional cell tumour of the bladder in children under the age of 10 years. The objective of this study was to report our experience and review the data of the literature in order to define a coherent therapeutic approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report 5 cases of NA diagnosed between 1995 and 2003 in 3 boys and 2 girls with a mean age of 6.38 years and a mean follow-up of 7.1 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients presented a risk factor for bladder irritation. Initial symptoms were nonspecific and radiology contributed to the diagnosis in two cases. Treatment was performed by transurethral resection (3 cases) or cystotomy (2 cases). One recurrence was observed 8 years after the initial diagnosis, but no cases of malignant transformation were observed during follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NA of the bladder is a benign tumour which does not predispose to malignancy. The initial treatment consisted of endoscopic resection combined with elimination of risk factors. Despite the frequency of recurrence, endoscopic surveillance does not appear to be justified. Urine cytology could contribute to the diagnosis of recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Service de Chirurgie Pédiatrique Viscérale et Urologique, Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU de Nancy, France. a.kamdem-simo@chu-nancy.fr
authors.forename: Alain Kamdem
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Simo
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lemelle
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ranke
authors.forename: Godefroy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Miscault
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmitt
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*