title: The structural biology of voltage-gated calcium channel function and regulation.
abstract: Voltage-gated calcium channels (CaVs) are large (approximately 0.5 MDa), multisubunit, macromolecular machines that control calcium entry into cells in response to membrane potential changes. These molecular switches play pivotal roles in cardiac action potentials, neurotransmitter release, muscle contraction, calcium-dependent gene transcription and synaptic transmission. CaVs possess self-regulatory mechanisms that permit them to change their behaviour in response to activity, including voltage-dependent inactivation, calcium-dependent inactivation and calcium-dependent facilitation. These processes arise from the concerted action of different channel domains with CaV beta-subunits and the soluble calcium sensor calmodulin. Until recently, nothing was known about the CaV structure at high resolution. Recent crystallographic work has revealed the first glimpses at the CaV molecular framework and set a new direction towards a detailed mechanistic understanding of CaV function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, California Institute of Quantitative Biomedical Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-2330, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Van Petegem
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Minor
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011487:Protein Conformation; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D002118:Calcium