Avoiding biliary injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: technical considerations.
Experience alone is not sufficient to protect surgeons and their patients from biliary injury. This article suggests valuable technical considerations for the performance of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Against the background of a widely accepted biliary injury classification system, the risk factors and causes of biliary injury are considered. The concept of the critical view exposure technique for Calot's triangle is emphasized from the practical standpoint of avoiding misidentified injuries.
Callery
M P
MP
Division of General Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Stoneman 928, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA. mcallery@bidmc.harvard.edu
D001649:Bile Duct Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000293:injuries*; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000293:injuries; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012307:Risk Factors