title: Genetic and expression aberrations of E3 ubiquitin ligases in human breast cancer.
abstract: Recent studies revealed that E3 ubiquitin ligases play important roles in breast carcinogenesis. Clinical research studies have found that (epi)-genetic (deletion, amplification, mutation, and promoter methylation) and expression aberration of E3s are frequent in human breast cancer. Furthermore, many studies have suggested that many E3s are either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in breast cancer. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of E3s, which have genetic and/or expression aberration in breast cancer. Most cancer-related E3s regulate the cell cycle, p53, transcription, DNA repair, cell signaling, or apoptosis. An understanding of the oncogenic potential of the E3s may facilitate identifying and developing individual E3s as diagnosis markers and drug targets in breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: The Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA. chenc@mail.amc.edu
authors.forename: Ceshi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Arun K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Seth
authors.forename: Andrew E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Aplin
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009857:Oncogenes; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D043743:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes / Q000378:metabolism; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D043743:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex