title: Insulin stimulates muscle protein synthesis in neonates during endotoxemia despite repression of translation initiation.
abstract: Skeletal muscle protein synthesis is reduced in neonatal pigs in response to endotoxemia. To examine the role of insulin in this response, neonatal pigs were infused with endotoxin (LPS, 0 and 10 mug.kg(-1).h(-1)), whereas glucose and amino acids were maintained at fasting levels and insulin was clamped at fasting or fed (2 or 10 muU/ml) levels. Fractional rates of protein synthesis and translational control mechanisms were examined in longissimus dorsi muscle and liver. In the presence of fasting insulin, LPS reduced muscle protein synthesis (-29%), and increasing insulin to fed levels accelerated muscle protein synthesis in both groups (controls, +44%; LPS, +64%). LPS, but not insulin, increased liver protein synthesis by +28%. In muscle of fasting neonatal pigs, LPS reduced 4E-BP1 phosphorylation and eIF4E to eIF4G binding. In muscle of controls, but not LPS pigs, raising insulin to fed levels increased 4E-BP1 and S6K1 phosphorylation and eIF4E to eIF4G binding. In muscle and liver, neither LPS nor insulin altered eIF2B activity. eEF2 phosphorylation decreased in response to insulin in both LPS and control animals. The results suggest that, in endotoxemic neonatal animals, the response of protein synthesis to insulin is maintained despite suppression of mTOR-dependent translation initiation and eIF4E availability for eIF4F assembly. Maintenance of an anabolic response to the feeding-induced rise in insulin likely exerts a protective effect for the neonate to the catabolic processes induced by sepsis.
authors.affiliation: USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates St., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Renan A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Orellana
authors.forename: Scot R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kimball
authors.forename: Agus
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suryawan
authors.forename: Jeffery
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Escobar
authors.forename: Hanh V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Leonard S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Jefferson
authors.forename: Teresa A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D039642:Eukaryotic Initiation Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism; D010179:Pancreas / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D039642:Eukaryotic Initiation Factors; D007328:Insulin; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt