title: High Smac/DIABLO expression is associated with early local recurrence of cervical cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In a recent pilot report, we showed that Smac/DIABLO mRNA is expressed de novo in a subset of cervical cancer patients. We have now expanded this study and analyzed Smac/DIABLO expression in the primary lesions in 109 cervical cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used immunohistochemistry of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections to analyze Smac/DIABLO expression in the 109 primary lesions. Seventy-eight samples corresponded to epidermoid cervical cancer and 31 to cervical adenocarcinoma. The median follow up was 46.86 months (range 10-186).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Smac/DIABLO was expressed in more adenocarcinoma samples than squamous tumours (71% vs 50%; p = 0.037). Among the pathological variables, a positive correlation was found between Smac/DIABLO immunoreactivity and microvascular density, a marker for angiogenesis (p = 0.04). Most importantly, Smac/DIABLO immunoreactivity was associated with a higher rate of local recurrence in squamous cell carcinoma (p = 0.002, log rank test). No association was found between Smac/DIABLO and survival rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smac/DIABLO expression is a potential marker for local recurrence in cervical squamous cell carcinoma patients.
authors.affiliation: Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av, San Fernando # 22, Tlalpan 14080 México City, Mexico. abrilarellano@gmail.com <abrilarellano@gmail.com>
authors.forename: Abril
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arellano-Llamas
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Delia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cantu
authors.forename: Magali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Espinosa
authors.forename: Jaime G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: De la Garza
authors.forename: Vilma
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Maldonado
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Melendez-Zajgla
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000098:blood supply / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000098:blood supply / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008875:Middle Aged; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000098:blood supply / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C412403:DIABLO protein, human; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins