title: 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine and depsipeptide synergistically induce expression of BIK (BCL2-interacting killer).
abstract: DNA methylation and histone acetylation are main epigenetic events regulating gene expression, serving as anticancer drug targets. A combination of the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine with the histone deacetylase inhibitor depsipeptide synergistically induces apoptosis. To characterize genes involved in this process, we measured expression of 376 apoptosis-related genes with microarrays after treatment with the two inhibitors alone or in combination. The pro-apoptotic BIK (Bcl2-interacting killer) was the only gene synergistically upregulated in all four cancer cell lines tested (A549, PC-3, TK-10, and UO-31). BIK induction was confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blots. Histone acetylation of the BIK promoter region increased with depsipeptide treatment but was not further affected by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. In summary, synergistic upregulation of pro-apoptotic BIK-previously shown to suppress tumor growth-appears to play a critical role in anticancer effects of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine plus depsipeptide.
authors.affiliation: Program of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Zunyan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Shujun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marcucci
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sadee
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001374:Azacitidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019175:DNA Methylation; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases / Q000378:metabolism; D000077209:Decitabine; D047630:Depsipeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C096820:BIK protein, human; D047630:Depsipeptides; D006657:Histones; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000077209:Decitabine; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases; D001374:Azacitidine