title: Self-efficacy outcomes of people with brain injury in cognitive skill training using different types of trainer-trainee interaction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of different trainer-trainee interaction patterns on the self-efficacy outcomes of trainees with brain injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  A pre-test and post-test randomized clinical trial design.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and three subjects with brain injury were recruited and 83 subjects participated in analogical problem-solving training that was delivered in three respective interaction modes: (a) direct trainer-trainee interaction, (b) self-paced computer-assisted and (c) on-line training with real-time audio-visual interaction. Quizzes on daily behavioural problem- solving and a problem-solving self-efficacy rating scale were adopted as outcome measures. The trainees in the trainer-administered group that received instructions in person with a continuous 'human touch' showed more significant improvement in their problem-solving self-efficacy than the two other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interactive modes of cognitive skill training can be flexible enough to match the needs of individual trainees. However, human interaction is considered important in promoting self-efficacy in trainees with brain injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, PR China. rsdavid@polyu.edu.hk
authors.forename: D W K
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Man
authors.forename: W Y L
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Soong
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.forename: C W Y
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Hui-Chan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011340:Problem Solving; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017216:Telemedicine