title: A cost analysis of functional bowel disorders in Iran.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this work is to evaluate the health care utilization and cost of different types of functional bowel disorder (FBD) in a population of Iranian patients and compare the costs in consulters and non-consulters.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive sample of 1,023 patients in an outpatient gastroenterology clinic in central Tehran were interviewed, using two questionnaires based on the Rome II criteria, from December 2004 to May 2005 to detect FBD patients and to determine the frequency of health resource utilization (physician visit, hospitalization, laboratory tests, imaging studies, and drugs) and productivity loss (days off work or with low functionality) due to FBD symptoms in the past 12 months. Societal perspective was used and cost per person per year was estimated in purchasing power parity dollars (PPP$).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The direct costs (for consulters, non-consulters; data presented in this order) were: irritable bowel syndrome (IBS; $92.04, $1.04), unspecified functional bowel disorder (FBD; $100.94, $0.39), functional constipation ($57.23, $1.04), and functional abdominal bloating ($71.35, $0.63). Indirect costs (for consulters, non-consulters) were: IBS ($811.85, $669.09), unspecified FBD ($705.85, $263.47), functional constipation ($587.48, $97.49), and functional abdominal bloating ($147.88, $38.60). Total yearly costs of IBS and functional constipation for urban adult population of Iran were roughly estimated at 2.94 billion PPP$ and 89.2 million PPP$, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As proven in developed countries, FBD and especially IBS seem to put a heavy burden on the economy of a developing country like Iran. Further population-based studies are needed for more precise estimations.
authors.affiliation: Health Informatics Department, Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Taleghani Hospital, Shaheed Beheshti Medical University, Parvaneh Street, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran. docreza@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Delnaz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Roshandel
authors.forename: Mohammadreza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rezailashkajani
authors.forename: Sepideh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shafaee
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Zali
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000191:economics*; D007492:Iran; D010045:Outpatients; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires