title: Genetic association of interleukin-1beta (-511C/T) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (86 bp repeat) polymorphisms with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in North Indians.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a subclinical systemic inflammation and development of complications like nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy and hypertension. We studied the genetic association of bi-allelic polymorphism (-511C/T) of interleukin (IL)-1beta and 86 bp variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism of natural receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) with T2DM and associated complications in North Indians.
  
  
  METHODS
  We genotyped 200 patients with T2DM and 223 healthy control subjects for IL-1beta (-511C/T) by PCR-RFLP. Genotyping of IL-1RN (VNTR) polymorphism was determined by gel electrophoresis after PCR amplification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interleukin-1beta (-511C/T) and IL-1RN (VNTR) polymorphisms were significantly associated with T2DM. IL-1beta -511T, IL-1RN*2 and IL-1RN*3 alleles were associated with high risk of T2DM whereas; individuals with IL-1beta -511C and IL-1RN*1 alleles were at low risk. Haplotype frequency analysis showed that T2 (IL-1beta -511T/IL-1RN*2) haplotype was associated with the high risk (p=0.000; OR=2.4, 95% CI 1.68-3.34) and C1 (IL-1beta -511C/IL-1RN*1) haplotype showed low risk (p=0.000; OR=0.38, 95% CI 0.27-0.53). Further, CT, TT genotypes of IL-1beta (-511C/T) and 1/2 genotype of IL-1RN (VNTR) were found to be associated with risk of complications particularly with nephropathy in T2DM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The IL-1beta (-511C/T) and IL-1RN (VNTR) polymorphisms are significantly associated with increased risk of T2DM as well as associated complications in North Indians.
authors.affiliation: Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Lucknow-226014, India.
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Achyut
authors.forename: Akanksha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya
authors.forename: Balraj
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mittal
mesh_terms: D003562:Cytidine / Q000235:genetics*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013936:Thymidine / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D003562:Cytidine; D013936:Thymidine