title: Anatomical alterations of the visual motion processing network in migraine with and without aura.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients suffering from migraine with aura (MWA) and migraine without aura (MWoA) show abnormalities in visual motion perception during and between attacks. Whether this represents the consequences of structural changes in motion-processing networks in migraineurs is unknown. Moreover, the diagnosis of migraine relies on patient's history, and finding differences in the brain of migraineurs might help to contribute to basic research aimed at better understanding the pathophysiology of migraine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To investigate a common potential anatomical basis for these disturbances, we used high-resolution cortical thickness measurement and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to examine the motion-processing network in 24 migraine patients (12 with MWA and 12 MWoA) and 15 age-matched healthy controls (HCs). We found increased cortical thickness of motion-processing visual areas MT+ and V3A in migraineurs compared to HCs. Cortical thickness increases were accompanied by abnormalities of the subjacent white matter. In addition, DTI revealed that migraineurs have alterations in superior colliculus and the lateral geniculate nucleus, which are also involved in visual processing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A structural abnormality in the network of motion-processing areas could account for, or be the result of, the cortical hyperexcitability observed in migraineurs. The finding in patients with both MWA and MWoA of thickness abnormalities in area V3A, previously described as a source in spreading changes involved in visual aura, raises the question as to whether a "silent" cortical spreading depression develops as well in MWoA. In addition, these experimental data may provide clinicians and researchers with a noninvasively acquirable migraine biomarker.
authors.affiliation: Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Granziera
authors.forename: Alexandre F M
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: DaSilva
authors.forename: Josh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Tuch
authors.forename: Nouchine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hadjikhani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D005260:Female; D005829:Geniculate Bodies / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020325:Migraine with Aura / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020326:Migraine without Aura / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009039:Motion Perception; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013477:Superior Colliculi / Q000473:pathology; D014796:Visual Perception