title: Laparoscopic orchiectomy for the adult impalpable testis--experiences in a rural teaching hospital.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Undescended testis is a relatively common condition in boys. The standard treatment is orchiopexy. In adults, orchiopexy is done only if sufficient length can be mobilized. Otherwise, orchiectomy is ideal as undescended testis predisposes to carcinoma. The incidence of carcinoma increases with age. The aim of this study is to highlight the value of laparoscopy in treatment of impalpable testis and simultaneously repair associated hernias. This is our experience in a rural tertiary hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  In our rural hospital, it is not uncommon to see men aged 30 years or more presenting with unilateral absence of testis/empty hemiscrotum. A total of 35 patients were studied. Ultrasonography of the abdomen was done to localize the exact position of the testis; it was detected in 12 cases. A computed tomography (CT) scan was done in the other 23 cases and was positive in 16. The testis was found in the retroperitoneum (close to the internal inguinal ring) in 12 cases and in the inguinal canal in 23 cases. There were associated hernias in 9 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Laparoscopy accurately identified the exact location of the missing testis and resection was also accomplished and associated hernias were repaired laparoscopically.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In countries like India, the majority of the population is poor and illiterate. By the time a boy or young man with an undescended testis arrives at the hospital, it is already too late to do orchiopexy. Even though most of our patients had no symptoms, orchiectomy had to be done because of the risk of torsion and malignant transformation. By using laparoscopy in these patients, the advantages of minimally invasive surgery can be utilized.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic orchiectomy seems to be advantageous and well received by patients. We preferred the laparoscopic approach for the obvious benefits of less pain, better cosmesis, and early discharge.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002, India. rangy68@gmail.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rangarajan
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jayakar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001284:Atrophy; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology; D006780:Hospitals, Rural; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D009919:Orchiectomy / Q000379:methods*; D013737:Testis / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography