title: Probiotics as functional food in the treatment of diarrhea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A disturbance in microbial balance of the gastrointestinal tract is often associated with diarrhea. Therefore, probiotics, as beneficial microorganisms for host health, have attracted clinical attention for their potential therapeutic application in the treatment of diarrhea. This review focuses on new research findings relevant to the effects of probiotics on diarrhea prevention and treatment and potential mechanisms of action for this alternative therapy for diarrhea.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical trials suggest potential beneficial effects of probiotic therapy for preventing and treating antibiotic-associated diarrhea, acute diarrhea including rotavirus-induced diarrhea, traveler's diarrhea, and diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. The most extensively studied probiotics for diarrhea are Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Saccharomyces, with potential mechanisms of therapeutic action based on the protection of intestinal epithelial cell and barrier function, prevention of enterotoxin binding to intestinal epithelial cells, and regulation of intestinal microbial environment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Growing evidence suggests that probiotics may serve as a functional food in the treatment of diarrhea. Remaining challenges include identifying mechanisms of action to provide the basis of more refined hypothesis-driven clinical trials. The correct combination and concentration of probiotics applied to the appropriate gastrointestinal disorders may improve the efficacy of this approach for diarrhea and other diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: D Brent
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Polk
mesh_terms: D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000254:growth & development; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005516:Food Microbiology; D058870:Food, Organic; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000254:growth & development; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012440:Saccharomyces / Q000254:growth & development