title: Allelic dimorphism of Plasmodium vivax gam-1 in the Indian subcontinent.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genetic polymorphism is an inevitable component of a complex organism especially in multistage infectious organisms such as malaria parasites. Understanding the population genetic structure of the parasites would provide valuable information for effective malaria control strategies. Recently, the development of molecular tools like PCR has made analysis of field samples possible and easier and research on Plasmodium vivax has also been strengthened. Not many reports are available on the genetic polymorphism of P. vivax from the Indian sub-continent. This study evaluates the extent of diversity in field isolates of India with respect to Pvgam-1.
  
  
  METHODS
  A study was designed to assess the diversity of Pvgam-1 among field isolates from India, using a nested PCR assay. Field isolates were collected from different regions of the country and the observed variability was confirmed by sequencing data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both Belem and Chesson type alleles were present either exclusively or in mixed form among isolates of all 10 study sites. The Belem type allele was predominant, occurring in 67% of isolates. The proportion of isolates showing the mixed form (both Belem and Chesson type alleles occurring together in the same isolate) was about 13 overall (up to 38.5% in some isolates). Sequencing of the PCR-amplified Belem and Chesson type alleles confirmed the PCR results. Among the 10 study sequences, 11 polymorphic sites and four singleton variations were observed. All the nucleotide substitutions were non-synonymous.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Study shows limited diversity of Pvgam-1 marker in Indian isolates with well representation of both Belem and Chesson type alleles.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR), 22-Sham Nath Marg, Delhi, India. surendramrc@gmail.com
authors.forename: Surendra K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Prajapati
authors.forename: Anju
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: Tridibes
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Adak
authors.forename: Rajpal S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.forename: Ashwini
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eapen
authors.forename: Manoj K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Neeru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Surya K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Moshahid A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rizvi
authors.forename: Aditya P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Dash
authors.forename: Hema
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Joshi
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D005838:Genotype; D007194:India; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010966:Plasmodium vivax / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D015800:Protozoan Proteins; C447800:pvgam1 protein, Plasmodium vivax