title: Effect of indomethacin on Bfl-1, WISP-1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in colon cancer cell line HCT116 cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as indomethacin can inhibit the growth of tumors through both the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) dependant and COX-2 independent pathways, but the exact mechanism has not yet been shown. In our previous study, COX-2 independent proteins (Bfl-1, WISP-1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigens [PCNA]) in indomethacin-treated colorectal cancer cells with the use of proteomics technology had been identified.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study and confirm the effect of indomethacin on the expression of Bfl-1, WISP-1 and PCNA in human colon cancer line HCT116 cells and the COX-2 independent tumor inhibiting pathway.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human colon cancer cell line HCT116 cells were divided into a treatment with indomethacin (IC 50) group, and a treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a control group for 48 h. The expression of Bfl-1, WISP-1 and PCNA, mRNA and protein were determined by a real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Indomethacin down-regulated the expression of Bfl-1, WISP-1 and PCNA mRNA in vitro (9.53 +/- 0.15 vs 27.87 +/- 0.12, 7.37 +/- 0.58 vs 20.17 +/- 0.58, 5.17 +/- 0.06 vs 0.87 +/- 0.06). Indomethacin also down-regulated the expression of Bfl-1, WISP-1 and PCNA protein (40.01 +/- 1.61 vs 43.76 +/- 1.63, 22.50 +/- 1.17 vs 30.30 +/- 1.55, 17.69 +/- 1.18 vs 20.80 +/- 1.08).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inducing apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation contribute to the anticancer activity of indomethacin via COX-2 independent pathway of Bfl-1, WISP-1 and PCNA. This further confirms the results of our previous study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Gui Ying
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xin Hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D055511:CCN Intercellular Signaling Proteins; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D015778:Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C096816:BCL2-related protein A1; D055511:CCN Intercellular Signaling Proteins; C116396:CCN4 protein, human; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D015778:Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D007213:Indomethacin