title: Targeting and tracing antigens in live cells with fluorescent nanobodies.
abstract: We fused the epitope-recognizing fragment of heavy-chain antibodies from Camelidae sp. with fluorescent proteins to generate fluorescent, antigen-binding nanobodies (chromobodies) that can be expressed in living cells. We demonstrate that chromobodies can recognize and trace antigens in different subcellular compartments throughout S phase and mitosis. Chromobodies should enable new functional studies, as potentially any antigenic structure can be targeted and traced in living cells in this fashion.
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Department of Biology II, Grosshaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Rothbauer
authors.forename: Kourosh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zolghadr
authors.forename: Sergei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tillib
authors.forename: Danny
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.forename: Lothar
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schermelleh
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gahl
authors.forename: Natalija
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Backmann
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Conrath
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muyldermans
authors.forename: M Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.forename: Heinrich
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Leonhardt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D000937:Antigen-Antibody Reactions; D000941:Antigens / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D002162:Camelus / Q000276:immunology*; D000939:Epitopes; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D008938:Mitosis; D016196:S Phase
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000941:Antigens; D000939:Epitopes; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins