title: Germinoma with synchronous lesions in the pineal and suprasellar regions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Germinomas represent the most frequent tumour type in the pineal region and the synchronous involvement of the suprasellar region, frequently termed bifocal disease, is increasingly recognised. The incidence, pathogenesis, histomorphological, radiological, clinical features, and management strategies are discussed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 6-year-old girl presented with clinical features of hypothalamic-pituitary axis dysfunction. MRI showed two distinct lesions in the pineal and suprasellar regions. Tumour markers for germ cell tumours from blood and cerebrospinal fluid were within the normal range. The suprasellar lesion was biopsied and the histology revealed a germinoma. She received a radical course of radiotherapy covering the entire craniospinal axis (24 Gy/15#) followed by focal boost to the sites of primary disease (16 Gy/10#). Three months after the completion of treatment, the patient achieved a complete clinical and radiological response, which was maintained during the 13-month follow-up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The optimum management of primary intracranial pineal and suprasellar (bifocal) germinomas still remains controversial. The definition as either localised or disseminated disease has major implications on required treatment and its associated late morbidity. Prospective studies with large cooperative groups worldwide and consensus meetings may reduce uncertainties regarding available management options.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuropathology, Academic Neuroscience Centre, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK.
authors.forename: Lester
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Saran
authors.forename: Darren
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hargrave
authors.forename: István
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bódi
authors.forename: Sanj
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bassi
authors.forename: Tibor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hortobágyi
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D018237:Germinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D010871:Pinealoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D012658:Sella Turcica