title: Microsurgical reconstruction of iatrogenic injuries to the epididymis from hydrocelectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We determined the feasibility and outcome of microsurgical reconstruction of the excurrent ductal tract in men with obstruction secondary to iatrogenic injury to the epididymis from hydrocelectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review was done to identify men with iatrogenic injury to the epididymis or scrotal vas deferens and a history of hydrocelectomy. The outcome of microsurgical reconstruction was assessed by postoperative semen analysis. Pregnancy data were noted in patients actively attempting to conceive at a followup of 6 months or greater.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight men were found to have iatrogenic injury to the epididymides (6) or scrotal vas deferens (2) due to previous hydrocelectomy. Injury was bilateral in 4 men and unilateral in 4 with contralateral testicular absence, dysfunction or obstruction resulting from different etiologies, rendering all patients azoospermic. The mean obstructive interval was 16 years (range 6 to 32). Bilateral and unilateral vasoepididymostomy was performed in 4 and 2 men each, and crossed vasovasostomy was performed in 2. Postoperative semen analysis data were available on 6 men. A patent microsurgical anastomosis was observed in 5 of 6 cases (83%). Four of the 5 men with patency had a followup of greater than 6 months, of whom 3 actively pursued conception. One pregnancy was achieved naturally and 1 was achieved by in vitro fertilization with intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hydrocelectomy may result in inadvertent injury to the excurrent ductal tract, causing obstruction and infertility. Microsurgical reconstruction results in the restoration of spermatozoa to the ejaculate in 83% of cases. The return of spermatozoa to the ejaculate may provide the couple with an opportunity to conceive naturally or through assisted reproduction.
authors.affiliation: Center for Male Reproductive Medicine and Microsurgery, Cornell Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, New York Weill-Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York, USA. chopps@bex.net
authors.forename: Carin V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Hopps
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goldstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004822:Epididymis / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D006848:Testicular Hydrocele / Q000601:surgery*; D014649:Vas Deferens / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*