title: A second paradigm for gene activation in bacteria.
abstract: Control of gene expression is key to development and adaptation. Using purified transcription components from bacteria, we employ structural and functional studies in an integrative manner to elaborate a detailed description of an obligatory step, the accessing of the DNA template, in gene expression. Our work focuses on a specialized molecular machinery that utilizes ATP hydrolysis to initiate DNA opening and permits a description of how the events triggered by ATP hydrolysis within a transcriptional activator can lead to DNA opening and transcription. The bacterial EBPs (enhancer binding proteins) that belong to the AAA(+) (ATPases associated with various cellular activities) protein family remodel the RNAP (RNA polymerase) holoenzyme containing the sigma(54) factor and convert the initial, transcriptionally silent promoter complex into a transcriptionally proficient open complex using transactions that reflect the use of ATP hydrolysis to establish different functional states of the EBP. A molecular switch within the model EBP we study [called PspF (phage shock protein F)] is evident, and functions to control the exposure of a solvent-accessible flexible loop that engages directly with the initial RNAP promoter complex. The sigma(54) factor then controls the conformational changes in the RNAP required to form the open promoter complex.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. m.buck@imperial.ac.uk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buck
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bose
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Burrows
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cannon
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Joly
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pape
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rappas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schumacher
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wigneshweraraj
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008958:Models, Molecular; D013824:Thermus / Q000201:enzymology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases