title: Biomechanical strain regulates TNFR2 but not TNFR1 in TMJ cells.
abstract: We sought to examine whether cyclic tensile strain (CTS) regulates the gene expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, its receptors TNFR1 and TNFR2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) under inflammatory conditions, and whether these effects of CTS are sustained. Rat temporomandibular joint disc cells (TDC) were exposed to CTS in the presence or absence of interleukin (IL)-1beta for 4 and 24h. Cells were also stimulated with IL-1beta for 24h while being subjected to CTS only for the initial 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12h or the entire 24h incubation time. Furthermore, cells were incubated with IL-1beta for 24, 36, or 48 h while being exposed to CTS only for the initial 8h. Gene expression of TNF-alpha, its receptors, and iNOS was analyzed by RT-PCR, whereas protein synthesis was determined by ELISA for TNF-alpha, immunofluorescence for TNFRs, and Griess reaction for nitric oxide. CTS inhibited the IL-1beta-stimulated synthesis of TNF-alpha, TNFR2, and iNOS. TNFR1 was constitutively expressed but not regulated by IL-1beta or CTS. Application of CTS for only 1 or 2h during a 24h incubation with IL-1beta was sufficient to inhibit IL-1beta-induced upregulation of TNF-alpha, TNFR2, and iNOS. However, for maximal inhibition of these genes a longer exposure of CTS was required. These findings are the first to show that biomechanical signals regulate the expression of TNFR2 but not TNFR1 under inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, the antiinflammatory effects of biomechanical signals on TDC are maintained for prolonged periods of time but are transient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, The Ohio State University, 305 W 12th Avenue, 4010 Postle Hall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Deschner.1@osu.edu
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deschner
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rath-Deschner
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wypasek
authors.forename: Mirela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anghelina
authors.forename: Danen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sjostrom
authors.forename: Sudha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agarwal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000494:pharmacology; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I / Q000235:genetics*; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II / Q000235:genetics*; D019224:Temporomandibular Joint Disc / Q000166:cytology*; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; C506237:Tnfrsf1a protein, rat; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II