title: Efficacy and safety of recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (ART-123) in disseminated intravascular coagulation: results of a phase III, randomized, double-blind clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Soluble thrombomodulin is a promising therapeutic natural anticoagulant that is comparable to antithrombin, tissue factor pathway inhibitor and activated protein C.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We conducted a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group trial to compare the efficacy and safety of recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (ART-123) to those of low-dose heparin for the treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) associated with hematologic malignancy or infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  DIC patients (n = 234) were assigned to receive ART-123 (0.06 mg kg(-1) for 30 min, once daily) or heparin sodium (8 U kg(-1) h(-1) for 24 h) for 6 days, using a double-dummy method. The primary efficacy endpoint was DIC resolution rate. The secondary endpoints included clinical course of bleeding symptoms and mortality rate at 28 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DIC was resolved in 66.1% of the ART-123 group, as compared with 49.9% of the heparin group [difference 16.2%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.3-29.1]. Patients in the ART-123 group also showed more marked improvement in clinical course of bleeding symptoms (P = 0.0271). The incidence of bleeding-related adverse events up to 7 days after the start of infusion was lower in the ART-123 group than in the heparin group (43.1% vs. 56.5%, P = 0.0487).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When compared with heparin therapy, ART-123 therapy more significantly improves DIC and alleviates bleeding symptoms in DIC patients.
authors.affiliation: Jr Tokai General Hospital, Nagoya, Japan. hidehiko.saito@jr-central.co.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimazaki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aikawa
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirayama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Asakura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aoki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests; D004211:Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018180:Thrombomodulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C472045:ART123; D000925:Anticoagulants; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D018180:Thrombomodulin; D006493:Heparin