title: Skeletal muscle energetics with PNMR: personal views and historic perspectives.
abstract: This article reviews historical and current NMR approaches to describing in vivo bioenergetics of skeletal muscles in normal and diseased populations. It draws upon the first author's more than 70 years of personal experience in enzyme kinetics and the last author's physiological approaches. The development of in vivo PNMR jointly with researchers around the world is described. It is explained how non-invasive PNMR has advanced human exercise biochemistry, physiology and pathology. Further, after a brief explanation of bioenergetics with PNMR on creatine kinase, anerobic glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, some basic and controversial subjects are focused upon, and the authors' view of the subjects are offered, with questions and answers. Some of the research has been introduced in exercise physiology. Future directions of NMR on bioenergetics, as a part of system biological approaches, are indicated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6059, USA. chance@mail.med.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Britton
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chance
authors.forename: Joohee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Im
authors.forename: Shoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nioka
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kushmerick
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000266:history / Q000379:methods*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D010759:Phosphorus Isotopes
chemical_list: D010759:Phosphorus Isotopes; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate