title: Radiotherapy after subtotally resected or recurrent ganglioglioma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gangliogliomas can recur after subtotal resection (STR). The role of postoperative radiation therapy (RT) is undefined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight consecutive patients with low-grade gangliogliomas (n = 7) or anaplastic gangliogliomas (n = 1) were treated with RT between 1987 and 2004. Median age was 17 years. Five patients received adjuvant RT after STR at a median time of 6 weeks after surgery. Three patients received salvage RT at a median time of 17 months after surgery. The median dose of RT was 54 Gy. Control was defined as no progressive disease on serial imaging. Median follow-up was 8.8 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 7 patients with low-grade gangliogliomas, 3 were controlled after RT and 4 recurred locally. Recurrences were controlled with further surgery (n = 2), chemotherapy (n = 1), or re-irradiation (n = 1) (median follow-up, 9 years after salvage therapy). Patients who received adjuvant RT after STR of their low-grade gangliogliomas had an overall local control rate of 75%. All 3 patients who were treated with salvage RT had recurrences in the treated area alone (n = 2) or in the treated area with leptomeningeal spread (n = 1). The patient with an anaplastic ganglioglioma was treated with adjuvant RT, and had recurrence in the radiation field after 4 months, then died 1 month later.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adjuvant RT may be indicated to treat select patients with subtotally resected gangliogliomas. Salvage RT for recurrence is probably less effective for long-term control; however, patients who recur may still be candidates for effective salvage therapies in the absence of malignant transformation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610-0385, USA.
authors.forename: Stanley L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Liauw
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Byer
authors.forename: Anthony T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Yachnis
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Amdur
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Mendenhall
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D018303:Ganglioglioma / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D016879:Salvage Therapy