Development and validation of the Chinese version of the Diabetes Management Self-efficacy Scale.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to translate the Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (DMSES) into Chinese and test the validity and reliability of the instrument within a Taiwanese population.


METHODS
A two-stage design was used for this study. Stage I consisted of a multi-stepped process of forward and backward translation, using focus groups and consensus meetings to translate the 20-item Australia/English version DMSES to Chinese and test content validity. Stage II established the psychometric properties of the Chinese version DMSES (C-DMSES) by examining the criterion, convergent and construct validity, internal consistency and stability testing. The sample for Stage II comprised 230 patients with type 2 diabetes aged 30 years or more from a diabetes outpatient clinic in Taiwan.


RESULTS
Three items were modified to better reflect Chinese practice. The C-DMSES obtained a total average CVI score of .86. The convergent validity of the C-DMSES correlated well with the validated measure of the General Self-Efficacy Scale in measuring self-efficacy (r=.55; p<.01). Criterion-related validity showed that the C-DMSES was a significant predictor of the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities scores (Beta=.58; t=10.75, p<.01). Factor analysis supported the C-DMSES being composed of four subscales. Good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=.77 to .93) and test-retest reliability (Pearson correlation coefficient r=.86, p<.01) were found.


CONCLUSIONS
The C-DMSES is a brief and psychometrically sound measure for evaluation of self-efficacy towards management of diabetes by persons with type 2 diabetes in Chinese populations.
Vivienne Wu
Shu-Fang
SF
Nursing Faculty, Department of Nursing, National Taipei College of Nursing, 365, Ming Te Road, Peitou, 112 Taipei, Taiwan. shufang@ntcn.edu.tw
Courtney
Mary
M
Edwards
Helen
H
McDowell
Jan
J
Shortridge-Baggett
Lillie M
LM
Chang
Pei-Jen
PJ
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011594:Psychometrics; D012648:Self Care; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D013624:Taiwan; D014175:Translating