title: Factors associated with healthcare utilization costs for statin therapy--a pilot study in Hong Kong.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Socio-economic status, comorbidities and adherence to statin therapy might affect the cost-effectiveness of statin therapy in hyperlipidemia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects size of demographic factors, clinical factors and adherence to statin therapy on the direct medical costs for Chinese patients at high risk of coronary heart disease (CHD).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, observational cohort study conducted in the outpatient departments of a public teaching hospital in Hong Kong. Patients at high risk of CHD who had been on statin monotherapy for < 12 months were recruited. Baseline demographic and clinical data were obtained. Statin adherence was monitored prospectively over 6 months using the Medication Event Monitoring System. Total direct medical costs per member per month (cPMPM), including cost for clinic visits, statin medication, laboratory tests on lipids and management of CHD events if any, were calculated from the perspective of a public healthcare organization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  83 patients completed the study. Median cPMPM in 80 patients (96% of 83 patients) without a new CHD event (USD 42) and for 3 (4%) patients who experienced CHD events (USD 444) were significantly different (p = 0.003). History of congestive heart failure (beta = 1,957, 95% CI = 1,006 - 2,909), male gender (beta = 584, 95% CI = 215 - 952), coronary atherosclerosis (beta = 1,436, 95% CI = 538 - 2,334) and diabetes mellitus (beta = 604, 95% CI = 136 - 1,07 1) were positive predictors for cPMPM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this pilot study male gender, diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure and coronary atherosclerosis appear to be significantly associated with higher costs for Chinese patients at high risk of CHD.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, China.
authors.forename: C W R
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: J C N
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tomlinson
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: J H S
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: You
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000191:economics; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000191:economics; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors