title: Diclofenac disposition in Indian cow and goat with reference to Gyps vulture population declines.
abstract: Gyps vultures across India are declining rapidly and the NSAID diclofenac has been shown to be the major cause. Vultures scavenge livestock carcasses that have been treated with diclofenac within the days preceding death. We present data on diclofenac disposition in Indian cow and goat, and field data on the prevalence of diclofenac in carcases in the environment. In the disposition experiment, animals were treated with a single intramuscular injection of diclofenac at 1000 microg kg-1 bw. In cow, diclofenac was detectable in liver, kidney and intestine up to 71 h post-treatment; in plasma, half-life was 12.2 h. In goat, tissue residues were undetectable after 26 h. Prevalence of diclofenac in liver from 36 dead livestock collected in the field was 13.9%. Data suggest that diclofenac residues in Indian cow and goat are short-lived, but diclofenac prevalence in carcasses available to vultures may still be very high.
authors.affiliation: Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire, SG19 2DL, UK.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Taggart
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cuthbert
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sashikumar
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Pain
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feltrer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shultz
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Meharg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002417:Cattle; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D046093:Falconiformes / Q000502:physiology*; D020387:Food Chain; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006041:Goats; D006207:Half-Life; D007194:India; D007422:Intestines / Q000737:chemistry; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D011157:Population Dynamics
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004008:Diclofenac