title: FGF-10 is decreased in bronchopulmonary dysplasia and suppressed by Toll-like receptor activation.
abstract: Many extremely preterm infants continue to suffer from bronchopulmonary dysplasia, which results from abnormal saccular-stage lung development. Here, we show that fibroblast growth factor-10 (FGF-10) is required for saccular lung development and reduced in the lung tissue of infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Although exposure to bacteria increases the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, no molecular target has been identified connecting inflammatory stimuli and abnormal lung development. In an experimental mouse model of saccular lung development, activation of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) or Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibited FGF-10 expression, leading to abnormal saccular airway morphogenesis. In addition, Toll-mediated FGF-10 inhibition disrupted the normal positioning of myofibroblasts around saccular airways, similar to the mislocalization of myofibroblasts seen in patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Reduced FGF-10 expression may therefore link the innate immune system and impaired lung development in bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Benjamin
authors.forename: Rebekah J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Brian A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Halloran
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Lawrence S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Prince
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D051526:Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C496463:FGF10 protein, human; C496464:Fgf10 protein, mouse; D051526:Fibroblast Growth Factor 10; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta