title: Perspectives on the burden of pneumonia in children.
abstract: In the US at the beginning of the 20th century, the infant mortality rate was high (150/1000 live births); 19% of deaths were due to pneumonia. In the pre-antibiotic era, childhood pneumonia case fatality rates were age dependant with most deaths occurring in infants. The introduction of antibiotics in the late 1930s lowered the mortality, but in the US most of the improvements in pneumonia mortality since 1900 had already occurred, probably due to improvements in nutrition and child care. Today, efforts to control pneumonia mortality are focused on case management and vaccines. History suggests that a more holistic approach may be needed.
authors.affiliation: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK. kim.mulholland@ishtm.ac.uk
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mulholland
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003906:Developing Countries; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011018:Pneumonia, Pneumococcal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines