title: Pilot study of the porcine uterine horn as an in vivo appendicitis model for development of endoscopic transgastric appendectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Iatrogenic inflammation of the porcine uterine horn may serve as an in vivo appendicitis model for the development of endoscopic transgastric appendectomy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Five female pigs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  General anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anatomical appearance and technical feasibility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three pigs were used to identify an injectable material that would inflame the uterine horn, and 2 pigs were used for a pilot appendectomy. Three types of materials were individually injected into the bilateral uterine horns, and the ideal material to inflame the uterine horn was injected into the right uterine horn for the last 2 pigs. After 24 hours, the injected uterine horns of the first 3 pigs were assessed and a pilot appendectomy was performed in the last 2 pigs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ethanolamine oleate (EO) injected uterine horns demonstrated similarities to the inflamed human appendix. Simulations of the appendectomy were successfully performed by using the EO model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Suboptimal existing tools.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary study demonstrated the technical feasibility to create a model for acute appendicitis by using the porcine uterine horn and transgastric appendectomy.
authors.affiliation: Developmental Endoscopy Unit, Charlton 8-200, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sumiyama
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Gostout
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rajan
authors.forename: Timothy A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Bakken
authors.forename: Jodie L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Deters
authors.forename: Mary A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Knipschield
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Hawes
authors.forename: Anthony N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Kalloo
authors.forename: Pankaj J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Pasricha
authors.forename: Sydney
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Sergey V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Kantsevoy
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Cotton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001062:Appendectomy / Q000379:methods; D001064:Appendicitis / Q000601:surgery*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004716:Endometritis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000601:surgery; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005774:Gastrostomy; D009829:Oleic Acids / Q000009:adverse effects; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012107:Research Design; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions / Q000009:adverse effects; D013552:Swine; D014599:Uterus / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D009829:Oleic Acids; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions; C033343:ethanolamine oleate