title: The outermost layer of egg-jelly is crucial to successful fertilization in the newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster.
abstract: The significance of egg-jelly layers in internal fertilization was evaluated in the newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster. In this species, six egg-jelly layers, J1, J2, J3, J4, J5 and the outermost J6 layers, are accumulated on the surface of the fertilizable eggs in pars convoluta of the oviduct. When a large number of sperm (about 6 x 10(5)) were placed on eggs having different numbers of jelly layers, all the eggs were fully fertilized, although many of the eggs developed abnormally. Upon insemination using about 600 sperm, only eggs with the full set of jelly layers were fertilized at a high rate with normal development. Since around 300 (the range of 48-1,192) sperm were observed on and in the egg-jelly in naturally spawned eggs, we conclude that the J6 layer must be present on the outermost surface of the egg-jelly for successful internal fertilization of the newt. Previous studies have suggested that the J6 layer is a prerequisite for the initiation of sperm motility and the acrosome reaction. In the present study, the fertilization rate decreased in eggs with a full set of jelly layers when inseminated using acrosome-reacted and motile sperm. However, the fertilization rate was high when motile sperm with intact acrosome was used. These results suggest that induction of the sperm acrosome reaction in the J6 layer is an important step in the internal fertilization of the newt.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigekazu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Onitake
mesh_terms: D020101:Acrosome Reaction / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization / Q000502:physiology*; D015571:Follicular Fluid / Q000502:physiology*; D007211:Indoles; D007315:Insemination, Artificial; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D010063:Ovum / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D012455:Salamandridae / Q000502:physiology*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D007211:Indoles; C007293:DAPI