title: The relation of vesicoureteral reflux and renal scarring in childhood urinary tract infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Assess the relation of age and sex in vesico ureteral reflux (VUR) and renal scarring and the relation of VUR and renal scarring in childhood urinary tract infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive study of one hundred and twenty-six children who received renal cortical scintigraphy from 1st Jan 2000 to 31st Dec 2004 in the Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, was conducted. Ninety-three (50 males, 43 females) patients were diagnosed with urinary tract infections (UTIs) but only ninety-one of them had renal cortical scintigraphic results available. The male to female ratio was 1.16:1. The mean age of the patients was 4.33 years (SD +/- 4.17, range 7 days-16 years). During the 1st year of life the male to female ratio is 2.6:1. Fever, dysuria, and poor feeding were the most presenting signs and symptoms. Eighty-five (45 males, 40 females) patients received Voiding Cysto Urethro Gram (VCUG).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The authors did not find the correlation between the age groups and sex with VCUG results on right and left side, respectively (p = 0.856, p = 0.145, p = 0.77, p = 0.75). Ninety-one (49 males, 42 females) patients received DMSA renal scintigraphy. Fifty-two patients (57.1%) had abnormal DMSA renal scan results. However; the authors did not find the correlation between age groups and sex with DMSA renal scan results on the right and left kidneys, respectively. (p = 0.202, p = 0.416, p = 0.511, p = 0.791). The authors compared times of UTIs with and DMSA renal scintigraphy in each side of the kidney. Even though the authors did find the correlation between episodes of UTIs and abnormal DMSA on the left kidneys (p = 0.017), it was not found on the right kidneys (p = 0.081). There were 80 patients who received both VCUG and DMSA renal scintigraphy. The authors found the correlation between severity of VUR and abnormal DMSA results on right and left kidneys (p = 0.001, p = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors recommend that all children who have repeated UTI and/or VUR, irrespective of age and sex, should receive DMSA renal scintigraphy to detect renal scarring and follow up future complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. ssupavekin@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Suroj
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Supavekin
authors.forename: Kanittha
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kucivilize
authors.forename: Saowalak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hunnangkul
authors.forename: Jiraporn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sriprapaporn
authors.forename: Anirut
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pattaragarn
authors.forename: Achra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sumboonnanonda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011704:Pyelonephritis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011859:Radiography; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019783:Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
chemical_list: D019783:Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid