Vascular phenotype and subclinical inflammation in diabetic Asian Indians without overt cardiovascular disease.
Although Asian Indian (AI) patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) are at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), not all patients develop CVD. The vascular phenotype of AI-DM2 without CVD has not been elucidated and may point to protective features. Using baseline data from a clinical trial we provide an initial description of vascular parameters in AI-DM2 compared to Europid Caucasian controls (ECs) matched for age and gender. Endpoints of the study were endothelial function, low-grade systemic inflammation (CRP) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). AIs had longer duration of diabetes, worse glycemic control and more microangiopathy. Both groups demonstrated marked endothelial dysfunction. CRP levels were similar: 1.7 (4.9) mg/L in AIs and 2.8 (3.6) mg/L in ECs. cIMT values were significantly lower in AI-DM2 than EC-DM2 (0.655mm (0.12) versus 0.711mm (0.15), p=0.03). Multiple regression analysis showed that variability in CRP was mainly determined by waist circumference, not by ethnicity. In contrast, ethnicity was a significantly explanatory variable for cIMT. Vascular phenotype of AI-DM2 without CVD was characterized by endothelial dysfunction and relatively low levels of CRP, comparable to EC-DM2 controls. In contrast, lower cIMT values were observed in AI-DM2 despite longer duration of diabetes and worse metabolic control. We propose that mechanisms slowing its progression may have atheroprotective potential in AI-DM2.
Ray
A
A
Vascular Medicine Unit, Department of Endocrinology and General Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. a.ray@lumc.nl
Beishuizen
E D
ED
Misra
A
A
Huisman
M V
MV
Tamsma
J T
JT
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D044466:Asian People; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000473:pathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D010641:Phenotype; D013532:Suriname / Q000208:ethnology
D005340:Fibrinogen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein