title: Pro-apoptotic effect of fly ash leachates in hepatocytes of freshwater fish (Channa punctata Bloch).
abstract: The pro-apoptotic effect of fly ash leachates (FAL) was studied in the hepatocytes of an Indian freshwater fish, Channa punctata Bloch. Hepatocytes were exposed to different concentrations of '7-day' FAL for 24 and 48h and various parameters of apoptosis were studied using standardized procedures. FAL-induced apoptosis in hepatocytes was indicated by cytological examination, DNA fragmentation and DNA laddering. The induction in cytochrome-c release, caspases 3, 7, 10 and 9 activities and lactate dehydrogenase level provide mechanistic platform for FAL-induced apoptosis. Cytological examination showed an unambiguous apoptotic effect of ash leachates in fish hepatocytes. Exposed hepatocytes also showed increased production of H(2)O(2), superoxide ions and an increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO). The present study suggests a possible role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in FAL-induced apoptosis in hepatocytes. Lactate dehydrogenase, LPO and apoptosis as biomarkers of cytotoxicity have recently been used for assessment of ecotoxicological impact of environmental chemicals. Our findings show that these biomarkers may also be used for evaluation of ecotoxicological impact of complex chemical mixture such as fly ash and its leachates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India.
authors.forename: Mehboob
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Shakilur
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Hasibur
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rehman
authors.forename: Kanchan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bhatia
authors.forename: Rizwan A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.forename: Sheikh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raisuddin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015415:Biomarkers; D002244:Carbon / Q000633:toxicity*; D020169:Caspases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D060729:Coal Ash; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000633:toxicity; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D016877:Oxidants / Q000633:toxicity; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D010473:Perciformes / Q000502:physiology*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D060729:Coal Ash; D016877:Oxidants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D013481:Superoxides; D002244:Carbon; D045304:Cytochromes c; D004247:DNA; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D020169:Caspases