title: A study of luteal phase expression of inhibin, activin, and follistatin subunits in the endometrium of women with recurrent miscarriage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the luteal phase endometrial expression of inhibin, activin, and follistatin subunits in women with recurrent miscarriage compared to a control group. Other parameters of luteal function assessed included Doppler blood flow, serum biochemical markers, and histopathology.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective case control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital of Sheffield, United Kingdom.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three women with recurrent miscarriage and 10 women with no previous history of miscarriage (control group) were recruited.
  
  
  METHODS
  Histologic assessment of the luteal phase endometrium was done using Noyes criteria followed by immunohistochemical analysis for expression of inhibin, activin, and follistatin subunits. Doppler analysis for perifollicular and endometrial blood flow was also done. Simultaneously serum concentrations of E(2), LH, FSH, P, and inhibin B at the time of LH surge and at LH +7 days were measured.
  
  
  METHODS
  Difference in endometrial expression of inhibin, activin, and follistatin subunit in the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endometrial expression of follistatin and beta A in the endometrial stromal cells of women with recurrent miscarriage was significantly lower than in control women. There were no differences in results of the Doppler studies or the hormonal profiles between cases and controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lower expression of follistatin and beta A subunit in women with recurrent miscarriage may imply an altered activity of activin A at the time of decidualization, which may lead to poor pregnancy outcome in the form of miscarriage.
authors.affiliation: Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Jessop Wing, United Kingdom. renag@sohu.com <renag@sohu.com>
authors.forename: Alka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.forename: Tin C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tuckerman
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Laird
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: William L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Ledger
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000378:metabolism*; D028341:Activins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004717:Endometrium / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D038681:Follistatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007265:Inhibins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000378:metabolism*; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D038681:Follistatin; D021122:Protein Subunits; D028341:Activins; D007265:Inhibins