title: Screening options for diabetic retinopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This review assesses the current status of the different methods used in screening for diabetic retinopathy. This update is particularly timely because the incidence of diabetes is rising rapidly and the number of patients with vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy is increasing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We evaluate the different methods used and their results in improving the delivery of eye care to patients with diabetic retinopathy. In populations with poor access to ophthalmic care, screening techniques such as the nonmydriatic camera used in offices of primary care physicians may be useful in identifying lesions of diabetic retinopathy requiring treatment. One of the limitations is the lack of dilation and cataract formation, which may result in ungradable photographs. Patients with treatable lesions as well as those with ungradable photographs should be referred for comprehensive ocular examination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Screening techniques do not replace the eye examination. Ophthalmologists can play an important role in diabetic care apart from treating eye disease. Counseling can be provided to patients regarding the importance of blood glucose and blood pressure control and may motivate patients to achieve strict glucose and blood pressure control.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, National Eye Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1204, USA. echew@nei.nih.gov
authors.forename: Emily Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Chew
mesh_terms: D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis