title: Bucket handle tears of the medial meniscus: meniscal intrusion rather than meniscal extrusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency of medial meniscal extrusion (MME) versus "medial meniscal intrusion" in the setting of bucket handle tears. Images were evaluated for previously reported risk factors for MME, including: medial meniscal root tear, radial tear, degenerative joint disease and joint effusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one consecutive cases of bucket handle tear of the medial meniscus were reviewed by consensus by two musculoskeletal radiologists. Imaging was performed using a 1.5 GE Signa MR unit. Patient age, gender, medial meniscal root integrity, MME, medial meniscal intrusion, degenerative joint disease, effusion and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen females and 27 males (age 12-62 years, median=30 years) were affected; one had bucket handle tear of each knee. Effusion was small in 13, moderate in 9 and large in 18. Degenerative joint disease was mild in three, moderate in two and severe in one. 26 ACL tears included three partial and three chronic. Medial meniscal root tear was complete in one case and partial thickness in two. None of the 40 cases with an intact or partially torn medial meniscal root demonstrated MME. MME of 3.1 mm was seen in the only full-thickness medial meniscal root tear, along with chronic ACL tear, moderate degenerative joint disease and large effusion. Medial meniscal intrusion of the central bucket handle fragment into the intercondylar notch was present in all 41 cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given an intact medial meniscal root in the setting of a "pure" bucket handle tear, there is no MME.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Jacobi Medical Center, 1400 Pelham Parkway South, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. schlossbergmd@yahoo.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schlossberg
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Umans
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Flusser
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Difelice
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Lerer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008592:Menisci, Tibial / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013582:Synovial Fluid; D016474:Weight-Bearing; D055815:Young Adult