title: Improved operative and survival outcomes of surgical treatment for hilar cholangiocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present study was to assess whether an aggressive surgical approach in the management of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma was associated with improved operative and survival outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-two patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma treated between 1989 and 1998 (period 1), and 60 patients treated between 1999 and 2004 (period 2), were evaluated. Modifications to management in period 2 primarily included percutaneous biliary drainage instead of endoscopic drainage for relief of obstructive jaundice, preoperative right portal vein embolization before right-sided hepatectomy, routine total caudate lobectomy and radical lymphadenectomy during surgical resection of the tumour.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The surgical resection rate was significantly higher in period 2 than in period 1 (45 versus 16 per cent; P < 0.001). All patients in period 2 underwent major hepatectomy with concomitant caudate lobectomy. The operative morbidity and hospital mortality rates decreased significantly in period 2 compared with period 1, with significantly better survival outcomes. In multivariate analysis, resection of the tumour in period 2 and operative blood loss of 1.5 litres or less were the significant independent factors associated with improved survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An aggressive surgical approach was associated with improved operative and survival outcomes for patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Centre for the Study of Liver Disease and Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. clliu@hkucc.hku.hk
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Tso
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / Q000601:surgery*; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011169:Portal Vein / Q000601:surgery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome