Genetic basis of rheumatoid arthritis.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a clinically heterogeneous condition with a complex aetiology in which environmental and genetic factors are implicated. The contribution of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, particularly the HLA-DRB1 gene, to RA genetic predisposition was the first described, and remains as the best characterised single genetic risk factor contributing to RA. However, it has been estimated that only 30% of the genetic contribution to RA can be attributed to HLA genes and it is suggested that other non-HLA genes may play a relevant role in RA susceptibility. Linkage studies and association studies are the two main strategies used in the investigation of genetic factors contributing to complex genetic traits. In this work we review the progress made in the field of RA genetics, focusing mainly on the contribution of candidate gene association studies to the dissection of RA genetic risk factors.
Orozco
G
G
Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
Rueda
B
B
Martin
J
J
D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000235:genetics; D018740:Genetic Heterogeneity; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains; D006801:Humans; D006867:Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics; D008264:Macrophages; D054596:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics; D000080002:Protein-Arginine Deiminase Type 4; D000076342:Protein-Arginine Deiminases
D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human; D002630:Chemotactic Factors; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains; C053609:macrophage migration enhancement factor; D006867:Hydrolases; C516765:PTPN22 protein, human; D054596:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; C000629235:PADI4 protein, human; D000080002:Protein-Arginine Deiminase Type 4; D000076342:Protein-Arginine Deiminases