title: In vivo pharmacological resultant analysis reveals noncompetitive interactions between opioid antagonists in the rat tail-withdrawal assay.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pharmacological resultant analysis is a technique that can detect secondary effects of competitive antagonists in vitro. The utility of pharmacological resultant analysis as a potential tool for the investigation of antagonist interactions in vivo was examined in the present study using two opioid antagonists, naltrexone and CTAP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the experimental design of pharmacological resultant analysis, the well-characterized opioid antagonist naltrexone was examined in the presence of multiple doses of CTAP to block the antinociceptive effects of morphine in the rat warm-water (55(o)C), tail-withdrawal assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alone, all doses of naltrexone, CTAP, and CTOP examined blocked the antinociceptive effects of morphine. In the presence of fixed doses of 1 or 10 microg CTAP, increasing doses of naltrexone produced dose-dependent shifts to the right in the morphine dose-response curve. However, a lower dose of naltrexone in combination with 1 or 10 mug CTAP failed to alter the morphine dose-response curve. In the presence of a fixed dose of 0.1 mg kg(-1) naltrexone, CTAP doses produced irregular shifts to the right in the morphine dose-response curves.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resultant analysis was applied and an apparent pK(C) value for CTAP was found to be one log unit higher than the apparent pA(2) value for CTAP, evidence that CTAP may have secondary actions or that a signal transducer function may be altered by the combinations of these antagonists. Taken together, these data suggest pharmacological resultant analysis can reveal novel interactions between antagonists in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA. ellen.walker@temple.edu
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Walker
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009294:Narcotics / Q000494:pharmacology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects*; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C529311:CTAP octapeptide; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009294:Narcotics; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010455:Peptides; C049352:phenylalanyl-cyclo(cysteinyltyrosyl-tryptophyl-ornithyl-threonyl-penicillamine)threoninamide; D013004:Somatostatin; D009271:Naltrexone; D009020:Morphine