title: Antiprotozoal and antimicrobial activities of O-alkylated and formylated acylphloroglucinols.
abstract: In the present article, we examined the antileishmanial, antimalarial, antibacterial, and antifungal activities of several newly synthesized O-alkylated phloroglucinol compounds (11-19) which are analogues of the naturally occurring antimalarial compound 1. Analogues 12 and 16 exhibited antileishmanial activity against, Leishmania donovani promastigotes with IC(50)s of 5.3 and 4.2microg/mL, respectively. Naturally occurring monomeric formylated acylphloroglucinol compounds, grandinol (2), jensenone (3), and their analogues (29-37), were also synthesized and evaluated for antileishmanial, antimalarial, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. Amongst these, both grandinol and jensenone showed mild to moderate antibacterial, antifungal, and antileishmanial activities. Jensenone (3) was effective against Candida albicans with an IC(50) of 5.5microg/mL but was ineffective against Cryptococcus neoformans and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Among the analogues, 34 was the most active against C. albicans and C. neoformans with IC(50)s of 2.0 and 2.5microg/mL, respectively, and was fungicidal toward Candida albicans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India.
authors.forename: Sandip B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Bharate
authors.forename: Shabana I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Nafees A M
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Yunus
authors.forename: Siddheshwar K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Chauthe
authors.forename: Melissa R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: Babu L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Tekwani
authors.forename: Ikhlas A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Inder Pal
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003455:Cryptococcus neoformans / Q000187:drug effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D007893:Leishmania donovani / Q000187:drug effects; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D021261:Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; D010696:Phloroglucinol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D010696:Phloroglucinol