title: Thiazolidinediones and risk for atherosclerosis: pleiotropic effects of PPar gamma agonism.
abstract: Despite advances in the development of anti-hyperglycaemic drugs and a greater focus on cardiovascular risk modification for patients with diabetes, cardiovascular disease remains the most common complication of type 2 diabetes. Since their initial availability in 1997, the thiazolidinediones have become one of the most commonly prescribed classes of medications for type 2 diabetes. In addition to glucose control, the thiazolidinediones have a number of pleiotropic effects on myriad traditional and non-traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and hold promise with regard to modification of cardiovascular risk. In a recently reported large-scale clinical trial, pioglitazone was associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and prevalent atherosclerotic disease. In this review, we summarise the experimental, preclinical and clinical data regarding the effects of the thiazolidinediones on cardiovascular risk factors and clinical outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Chetan B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: De Lemos
authors.forename: Kathleen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Wyne
authors.forename: Darren K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: McGuire
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000150:complications*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000517:prevention & control; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000819:agonists*; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D047495:PPAR gamma; D045162:Thiazolidinediones