title: The effects of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, cholera toxin, prostaglandin E2 and norepinephrine on inducible nitric oxide synthase activation induced by lipopolysaccharide in C6 cells.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of the central nervous system including inflammatory, ischemic and traumatic injuries. We demonstrated the possible involvement of protein kinase C (PKC) as well as protein kinase A (PKA) in the regulation of NO synthesis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. In this study, the role of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), cholera toxin (CTX), pertussis toxin (PTX), prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and norepinephrine (NE) in the regulation of NO synthesis was examined in C6 glioma cells. Stimulation with LPS (1 microg/ml) evoked increases in NO production in C6 glioma cells. LPS-induced NO production was enhanced by pretreatment with PMA, CTX and PGE(2). PTX pretreatment had no effect on NO production induced by LPS. In addition, NE inhibited NO production elicited by LPS treatment. These results suggest that NO production induced by LPS in C6 glioma cells is regulated by several kinds of pathways in which CTX-specific G protein, PKC, prostanoid EP(4) receptor and adrenergic receptor may play important roles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Min-Soo
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Eon-Jeong
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Jin-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hong-Won
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Suh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D054746:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D002772:Cholera Toxin; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D054746:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D015232:Dinoprostone; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D009638:Norepinephrine