title: PAR-2 deficient CD4+ T cells exhibit downregulation of IL-4 and upregulation of IFN-gamma after antigen challenge in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To investigate the functional role of protease activated receptor (PAR) -2 in T lymphocytes, we analyzed TCR-mediated inflammatory cytokine production using PAR-2 deficient (KO) and wild type (WT) mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Production of serum IgE and cytokines by spleen CD4+ T cells was determined in OVA-sensitized and OVA-challenged mice of PAR-2 KO in contrast to WT mice. Phosphorylation of JNK1 and 2 was determined by Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A reduction in serum levels of IgE and IL-4 production by splenic CD4+ T cells from OVA-sensitized and OVA-challenged KO mice compared to WT mice was observed. By contrast, IFN-gamma production was upregulated after antigen stimulation in KO mice. Anti-CD3-mediated phosphorylation of JNK1 was upregulated in splenic CD4+ T cells from KO mice compared to WT mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PAR-2 participates in the regulation of T cell cytokine production that may be caused by modulation of JNK1 phosphorylation.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Diseases Research, Research Center Kyoto, Bayer Yakuhin Ltd, Kyoto, Japan. michitaka.shichijou@shionogi.co.jp
authors.forename: Michitaka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shichijo
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishimori
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Helin
authors.forename: Tsugiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gantner
authors.forename: Kevin B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Bacon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D048055:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8 / Q000378:metabolism; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D044464:Receptor, PAR-2 / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D044464:Receptor, PAR-2; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D010047:Ovalbumin; D048055:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8