title: The effect of anesthetic technique on early postoperative gastric emptying: comparison of propofol-remifentanil and opioid-free sevoflurane anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A postoperative decrease in the gastric emptying (GE) rate may delay the early start of oral feeding and alter the bioavailability of orally administered drugs. The aim of this study was to compare the effect on early gastric emptying between two anesthetic techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty patients (age, 19-69 years) undergoing day-case laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly assigned to received either total intravenous anesthesia with propofol/remifentanil/rocuronium (TIVA; n = 25) or inhalational opioid-free anesthesia with sevoflurane/rocuronium (mask induction; GAS; n = 25). Postoperative gastric emptying was evaluated by the acetaminophen method. After arrival in the recovery unit, acetaminophen (paracetamol) 1.5 g was given through a nasogastric tube, and blood samples were drawn during a 2-h period. The area under the serum-acetaminophen concentration curve from 0-60 min (AUC60), the maximal concentration (Cmax), and the time to reach C-max (Tmax) were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve patients were excluded due to surgical complications (e.g., conversion to open surgery) and difficulty in drawing blood samples (TIVA, n = 7; GAS, n = 5). Gastric emptying parameters were (mean +/- SD): TIVA, AUC60, 2458 +/- 2775 min.micromol.l(-1); Cmax, 71 +/- 61 micromol.l(-1); and Tmax, 81 +/- 37 min; and GAS, AUC60, 2059 +/- 2633 min.micromol.l(-1); Cmax, 53 +/- 53 micromol.l(-1); and Tmax, 83 +/- 41 min. There were no significant differences between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no major difference in early postoperative gastric emptying between inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane versus total intravenous anesthesia with propofol-remifentanil. Both groups showed a pattern of delayed gastric emptying, and the variability in gastric emptying was high. Perioperative factors other than anesthetic technique may have more influence on gastric emptying.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Sundsvall Hospital, 851 86, Sundsvall, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walldén
authors.forename: Sven-Egron
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Thörn
authors.forename: Asa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lövqvist
authors.forename: Lisbeth
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wattwil
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wattwil
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000097:blood; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000494:pharmacology; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077208:Remifentanil; D000077149:Sevoflurane
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D010880:Piperidines; D000082:Acetaminophen; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D000077208:Remifentanil; D015742:Propofol