title: The role of cervical headgear and lower utility arch in the control of the vertical dimension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was carried out to evaluate the treatment changes in skeletal and dental parameters in growing patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 24 subjects with Class II Division 1 malocclusion. Half of the patients were treated with cervical headgear alone (group C, n = 12), and the other half received a combination of cervical headgear and lower utility arch (group CU, n = 12). The treatment groups were compared with a matched untreated control group (n = 12). The mean ages of the subjects at the beginning of the study were 8.85 +/- 1.19 years in group C, 9.23 +/- 0.76 years in group CU, and 8.62 +/- 0.78 years in the control group. The cervical headgear was used with an expanded inner bow and a 15 degrees to 20 degrees upward bend of the longer outer bow, worn 12 to 14 hours a day, with a force of 450 to 500 g per side. The lower utility arch was designed as described in the bioprogressive technique. Treatment changes were assessed on lateral cephalometric radiographs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cervical headgear produced Class II correction through maxillary orthopedic and orthodontic changes. Anterior face height increased more in the treatment groups than in the control group. The treatment groups also displayed statistically significant increases in ramus height. Due to these effects, mandibular plane orientation stayed relatively unchanged. There was no opening rotation of the mandible in the treatment groups. The lower utility arch produced intrusion and lingual tipping of the mandibular incisors and distal tipping without extrusion of the mandibular molars. The treatment groups showed significant anterior descents of the palatal plane. Maxillary molar total extrusion produced by cervical headgear treatment was an average of no more than 1 mm as compared with the control group. The utility arch did not appear to influence mandibular rotational response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gürsu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ulger
authors.forename: Tülin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arun
authors.forename: Korkmaz
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sayinsu
authors.forename: Fulya
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Isik
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D005115:Extraoral Traction Appliances; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014716:Vertical Dimension