title: Frequency of LRRK2 mutations in early- and late-onset Parkinson disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the frequency of leucine-rich repeat kinase gene (LRRK2) mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in early-onset Parkinson disease (EOPD) and late-onset Parkinson disease (LOPD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We genotyped five previously reported LRRK2 mutations (G2019S, L1114L, I1122V, R1441C, and Y1699C) and 17 coding SNPs for haplotype analysis in 504 cases with PD and 314 controls enrolled in the Genetic Epidemiology of PD Study. Cases and controls were recruited without knowledge of family history of PD and cases were oversampled in the < or =50 age at onset (AAO) category.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The LRRK2 G2019S mutation was present in 28 cases with PD (5.6%) and two controls (0.6%) (chi(2) = 13.25; p < 0.01; odds ratio 9.18, 95% CI: 2.17 to 38.8). The mutations L1114L, I1122V, R1441C, and Y1699C were not identified. The frequency of the LRRK2 G2019S mutation was 4.9% in 245 cases with AAO < or =50 years vs 6.2% in 259 cases with AAO >50 (p = 0.56). All cases with PD with the G2019S mutation shared the same disease-associated haplotype. The frequency of the LRRK2 G2019S mutation was higher in the subset of 181 cases reporting four Jewish grandparents (9.9%) than in other cases (3.1%) (p < 0.01). Age-specific penetrance to age 80 was 24% and was similar in Jewish and non-Jewish cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The G2019S mutation is a risk factor in both early- and late-onset Parkinson disease and confirms the previous report of a greater frequency of the G2019S mutation in Jewish than in non-Jewish cases with Parkinson disease.
authors.affiliation: Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, P&S Building, 14-434, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA. lc654@columbia.edu
authors.forename: L N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karlins
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mejia-Santana
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Louis
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Cote
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fahn
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Waters
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frucht
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ottman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Marder
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005820:Genetic Testing; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D040582:Inheritance Patterns / Q000235:genetics; D007585:Jews / Q000235:genetics; D000071158:Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019683:Penetrance; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C495280:LRRK2 protein, human; D000071158:Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases