How do we track invisible objects?
We previously demonstrated that observers in multiple object tracking experiments can successfully track targets when all the objects simultaneously vanish for periods lasting several hundred milliseconds (Alvarez, Horowitz, Arsenio, Dimase, and Wolfe, 2005). How do observers do this? Since observers can track objects that move behind occluders (e.g., Scholl and Pylyshyn, 1999), they may treat a temporal gap as a case of complete occlusion. If so, performance should improve if occlusion cues (deletion and accretion) are provided and items disappear and reappear one by one (asynchronously), rather than simultaneously. However, we found better performance with simultaneous than with asynchronous disappearance (Experiment 1), whereas occlusion cues were detrimental (Experiment 2). We propose that observers tolerate a gap in tracking by storing the current task state when objects vanish and resuming tracking on the basis of that memory when the objects reappear (a task-switching account).
Horowitz
Todd S
TS
Visual Attention Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 64 Sidney Street, Suite 170, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. toddh@search.bwh.harvard.edu
Birnkrant
Randall S
RS
Fencsik
David E
DE
Tran
Linda
L
Wolfe
Jeremy M
JM
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011930:Reaction Time; D014796:Visual Perception