title: Henle loop basement membrane as initial site for Randall plaque formation.
abstract: Since the early description of Randall plaques in 1937, studies of the pathogenesis of stone formation mainly focused on the chemistry involving salt precipitation and crystallization, rather than tubular and interstitial medullar mechanisms of calcium concentration and supersaturation. In 2003, Bushinsky published a suggestive and inspiring sequence of events aimed to show that the basement membrane of the thin limb of the loop of Henle can be the first site of nucleation, as recently shown by the impressive work by Evan et al. The aim of this minireview is to verify the consistency of the Evan and Bushinsky theory with the current literature in the field.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Nephrology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. vsepe@libero.it
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sepe
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Adamo
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: La Fianza
authors.forename: Carmelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Libetta
authors.forename: Maria G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Giuliano
authors.forename: Grazia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Soccio
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dal Canton
mesh_terms: D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000378:metabolism; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000378:metabolism; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000378:metabolism; D008138:Loop of Henle / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009088:Mucoproteins / Q000502:physiology; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D014563:Urodynamics; D058949:Uromodulin
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D009088:Mucoproteins; D010710:Phosphates; C548612:UMOD protein, human; D058949:Uromodulin; D002129:Calcium Oxalate