title: Regulatory effect of sulphatides on BKCa channels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sulphatides are sulphated glycosphingolipids expressed on the surface of many cell types, particularly neurones. Changes in sulphatide species or content have been associated with epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease. As the large conductance, calcium sensitive K(+) channel (BK(Ca)) are modulated by membrane lipids, the aim of the study was to explore possible effects of sulphatides on BK(Ca) channels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using patch-clamp techniques, we studied effects of exogenous sulphatides on BK(Ca) channels expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sulphatides reversibly increased the whole-cell current and the single channel open probability of BK(Ca) channels dose-dependently. The EC(50) value on the channel at +10 mV was 1.6 microM and the Hill coefficient was 2.5. In inside-out patches, sulphatides increased the single channel open probability from both intra- and extra-cellular faces of the membrane, but more effectively with external application. Furthermore, activation of the channels by sulphatides was independent of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration. Sulphatides also shifted the activation curve of the channels to less positive membrane potentials. Mutant BK(Ca) channels lacking a 59 aminoacid region important for amphipath activation (STREX) were less activated by the sulphatides.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sulphatides are novel activators of BK(Ca) channels, independent of intracellular Ca(2+) or other signalling molecules but partly dependent on the STREX sequence of the channel protein. As changes of sulphatide content are associated with neuronal dysfunction, as in epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease, our results imply that these effects of sulphatides may play important pathophysiological roles in regulation of BK(Ca) channels.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qi
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D006224:Cricetinae; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004594:Electrophysiology; D015640:Ion Channel Gating / Q000502:physiology; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D024681:Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated / Q000819:agonists* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013433:Sulfoglycosphingolipids / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D024681:Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated; D013433:Sulfoglycosphingolipids