title: Surgical strategies for gastric cancer with synchronous peritoneal carcinomatosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gastric cancer frequently spreads to the peritoneal cavity. Whether laparoscopy is useful in planning therapy remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the value of laparoscopy and to develop a therapeutic algorithm.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six hundred and sixty consecutive patients with gastric cancer were included in this prospective observational study. The sensitivity of abdominal ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT) and laparoscopy for detecting peritoneal carcinomatosis was compared. The lesions were biopsied and classified as P1, P2 or P3 according to the recommendations of the Japanese Research Society for Gastric Cancer. Prognosis was determined according to the stage of peritoneal carcinomatosis and therapeutic procedure adopted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and ten (16.7 per cent) of 660 patients presented with synchronous peritoneal carcinomatosis. The sensitivity for detecting peritoneal carcinomatosis was 85 per cent for laparoscopy compared with 19 per cent for ultrasonography and 28 per cent for CT. Patients with P3 disease did not benefit from additional surgery compared with chemotherapy alone. Those with P1 carcinomatosis had improved survival rates after complete resection followed by chemotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopy improves the detection and classification of peritoneal carcinomatosis, and offers patients with gastric cancer a more individualized and effective therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Charité-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Campus Buch, Robert-Rössle-Klinik im Helios-Klinikum Berlin Buch, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gretschel
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Siegel
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Estévez-Schwarz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hünerbein
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Schlag
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015996:Survival Rate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods