title: Twenty-four hour prophylaxis with increased dosage of octreotide reduces the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute pancreatitis is a common complication of ERCP, occurring in up to 10% of cases. Chemoprevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis remains a debated issue.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated whether increased dosage of octreotide, a potent inhibitor of pancreatic secretion, could reduce the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial, the effect of 500 microg octreotide, given 3 times daily subcutaneously starting 24 hours before the ERCP procedure, was compared with that of placebo in patients who underwent diagnostic and/or therapeutic ERCP.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 202 patients were included in the trial. The 2 groups were similar in regards to age, sex, indications for treatment, underlying diseases, and types of therapeutic procedures. Patients were clinically evaluated, and serum amylase levels were determined before ERCP and at 6 to 8 hours thereafter. Standardized criteria were used to diagnose and to grade the severity of post-ERCP pancreatitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The medication was discontinued because of an allergic reaction in 1 patient in the octreotide group. The incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis was significantly lower in the octreotide group compared with the placebo group (2/10 [2%] vs 9/101 [8.9%], P = .03). All cases of acute pancreatitis were mild, except 2 (1 moderate and 1 severe) in the placebo group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this trial support the use of 24-hour prophylaxis with high dose of octreotide in the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantinos C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Thomopoulos
authors.forename: Niki A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Pagoni
authors.forename: Konstantinos A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Vagenas
authors.forename: Vassilios G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Margaritis
authors.forename: George I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Theocharis
authors.forename: Vassiliki N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Nikolopoulou
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000681:Amylases / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002761:Cholangitis / Q000601:surgery; D003085:Colic / Q000601:surgery; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000601:surgery; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D041781:Jaundice, Obstructive / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015282:Octreotide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D019283:Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000601:surgery; D012008:Recurrence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D000681:Amylases; D015282:Octreotide