title: The quorum-quenching metallo-gamma-lactonase from Bacillus thuringiensis exhibits a leaving group thio effect.
abstract: Lactone-hydrolyzing enzymes derived from some Bacillus species are capable of disrupting quorum sensing in bacteria that use N-acyl-l-homoserine lactones (AHLs) as intercellular signaling molecules. Despite the promise of these quorum-quenching enzymes as therapeutic and anti-biofouling agents, the ring opening mechanism and the role of metal ions in catalysis have not been elucidated. Labeling studies using (18)O, (2)H, and the AHL lactonase from Bacillus thuringiensis implicate an addition-elimination pathway for ring opening in which a solvent-derived oxygen is incorporated into the product carboxylate, identifying the alcohol as the leaving group. (1)H NMR is used to show that metal binding is required to maintain proper folding. A thio effect is measured for hydrolysis of N-hexanoyl-l-homoserine lactone and the corresponding thiolactone by AHL lactonase disubstituted with alternative metal ions, including Mn(2+), Co(2+), Zn(2+), and Cd(2+). The magnitude of the thio effect on k(cat) values and the thiophilicity of the metal ion substitutions vary in parallel and are consistent with a kinetically significant interaction between the leaving group and the active site metal center during turnover. X-ray absorption spectroscopy confirms that dicobalt substitution does not result in large structural perturbations at the active site. Finally, substitution of the dinuclear metal site with Cd(2+) results in a greatly enhanced catalyst that can hydrolyze AHLs 1600-24000-fold faster than other reported quorum-quenching enzymes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, and Graduate Program in Biochemistry, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Momb
authors.forename: Pei W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Breece
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Tierney
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fast
mesh_terms: D000581:Amidohydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000201:enzymology*; D007700:Kinetics; D008670:Metals / Q000378:metabolism; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D053038:Quorum Sensing
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D000581:Amidohydrolases; C515498:metallo-gamma-lactonase