title: In vivo erector spinae muscle blood volume and oxygenation measures during repetitive incremental lifting and lowering in chronic low back pain participants.
abstract: METHODS
  A case control study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Using metabolic gas analysis and near infrared spectroscopy, a comparison was made between healthy controls and chronic low back pain (LBP) participants on cardiorespiratory, erector spinae muscle blood volume, and oxygenation responses, and these variables were used to determine factors that best predict peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  To date, it is unknown how the cardiorespiratory and erector spinae muscles of chronic LBP persons respond to repetitive incremental lifting and lowering. With the advent of near infrared spectroscopy technology, it is now possible to noninvasively examine erector spinae muscle oxygen supply and utilization in vivo. Thus, by using metabolic gas analysis and near infrared spectroscopy technology simultaneously, it is now possible to compare the cardiorespiratory and erector spinae muscle responses of chronic LBP participants to that of healthy controls (no history of LBP) during incremental work to volitional fatigue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four participants with chronic LBP and 34 healthy controls completed the repetitive incremental lifting and lowering (2.25 kg x min) protocol from floor to table (height 76 cm) at 10 lifts . min to voluntary fatigue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The healthy controls had significantly greater VO2peak (mL x kg x min) and VO2peak (mL x kgLBM x min), peak mass lifted, test duration, and breathing frequency. Furthermore, healthy controls showed significantly greater change in muscle oxygenation and faster one-half recovery times. Multiple regression analysis indicated that approximately 97% of the variance in absolute VO2peak was predicted by cardiorespiratory variables in both groups, while muscle oxygenation aided in predicting VO2peak relative in the LBP participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicated that the chronic LBP participants demonstrated a reduced cardiorespiratory and erector spinae muscle response during repetitive incremental lifting and lowering to volitional fatigue as compared to the healthy controls.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. robert.kell@uregina.ca
authors.forename: Robert T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Kell
authors.forename: Yagesh
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bhambhani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001810:Blood Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017770:Lifting; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology