title: Patterns of antimicrobial resistance in a surgical intensive care unit of a university hospital in Turkey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies have reported higher rates of antimicrobial resistance among isolates from intensive care units than among isolates from general patient-care areas. The aims of this study were to review the pathogens associated with nosocomial infections in a surgical intensive care unit of a university hospital in Turkey and to summarize rates of antimicrobial resistance in the most common pathogens. The survey was conducted over a period of twelve months in a tertiary-care teaching hospital located in the south-eastern part of Turkey, Gaziantep. A total of 871 clinical specimens from 615 adult patients were collected. From 871 clinical specimens 771 bacterial and fungal isolates were identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most commonly isolated microorganisms were: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20.3%), Candida species (15%) and Staphylococcus aureus (12.9%). Among the Gram-negative microorganisms P. aeruginosa were mostly resistant to third-generation cephalosporins (71.3-98.1%), while Acinetobacter baumannii were resistant in all cases to piperacillin, ceftazidime and ceftriaxone. Isolates of S. aureus were mostly resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, and methicillin (82-95%), whereas coagulase-negative staphylococci were 98.6% resistant to methicillin and in all cases resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In order to reduce the emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in ICUs, monitoring and optimization of antimicrobial use in hospitals are strictly recommended. Therefore local resistance surveillance programs are of most value in developing appropriate therapeutic guidelines for specific infections and patient types.
authors.affiliation: Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Gaziantep, Turkey. aysenbayram@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Aysen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bayram
authors.forename: Iclal
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Balci
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000382:microbiology; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D003422:Critical Care; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000382:microbiology; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D009181:Mycoses / Q000382:microbiology*; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000382:microbiology; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents