Metabolism and catabolism in hip fracture patients: nutritional and anabolic intervention--a review.
Patients suffering from hip fracture are known to be at risk of catabolism and protein-energy malnutrition. In this review we discuss the pathogenesis of hip fracture-related catabolism per- and postoperatively. We also describe the consequences of malnutrition after a hip fracture and summarize studies that have evaluated the effect of nutritional or anabolic treatment of these patients. There has been relatively little published on the effects of nutritional and anabolic pharmacological interventions for improvement of nutritional status and on the role of nutritional status in clinical outcomes. Even so, there have been 19 randomized studies in this field. 12 studies evaluated nutritional supplementation or protein supplementation. 6 found improved clinical outcome with fewer complications, faster recovery and shorter length of hospital stay, whereas the others reported no difference in clinical outcome. For pharmacological interventions, the outcomes have been even less clear. Supplementation studies in general appear to be underpowered or suffer logistic problems. Studies of higher scientific quality are needed, and enteral feeding, anabolic treatment and multimodal approaches need to be evaluated in greater depth.
Hedström
Margareta
M
Division of Orthopedics, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden. margareta.hedstrom@karolinska.se
Ljungqvist
Olle
O
Cederholm
Tommy
T
D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000008:administration & dosage; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D009752:Nutritional Status; D018529:Nutritional Support; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D011502:Protein-Energy Malnutrition / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D045930:Anabolic Agents; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I