title: Effect of a flue-curing process that reduces tobacco specific nitrosamines on the tumor promotion in SENCAR mice by cigarette smoke condensate.
abstract: A 30-week dermal tumor promotion study was conducted to evaluate the dermal tumor-promoting potential of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) collected from cigarettes containing flue-cured tobacco cured by a heat-exchange process (HE) relative to that of cigarettes containing flue-cured tobacco cured by the traditional direct-fire process (DF). Heat-exchange process cured tobacco contains significantly lower concentrations of tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) compared to traditional direct-fire cured tobacco. Mainstream CSCs were collected by cold trap from smoke generators using the Federal Trade Commission puffing regimen. Groups of 40 female SENCAR mice were initiated by a single application of 75 micro g 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) to the shaved dorsal skin. CSCs were then applied to the skin three times/week for 29 weeks at 9, 18, or 36mg tar/application. End-points included body weights, clinical observations, organ weights, dermal tumor development and histopathology. The numbers of dermal tumors and the numbers of tumor-bearing mice for each CSC were statistically different from the DMBA/acetone control group and increased with increasing dose. When corresponding doses of each CSC were compared, only the DMBA/mid-dose HE CSC group was statistically significantly different (lower) from the corresponding DMBA/mid-dose DF CSC group. In this assay, the dermal tumor-promotion potential of CSC from heat-exchange flue-cured tobacco did not differ from that of traditional direct-fire flue-cured tobacco CSC.
authors.affiliation: RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company, Bowman Gray Technical Center, Research and Development, Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, Winston-Salem, NC 27102-1487, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Meckley
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Stavanja
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Van Kampen
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Swauger
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D018632:Mice, Inbred SENCAR; D009602:Nitrosamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D013638:Tars / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D009602:Nitrosamines; D013638:Tars