title: Slow-release fluoride devices for the control of dental decay.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Slow-release fluoride devices have been investigated as a potentially cost-effective method of reducing dental caries in those with high risk of disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of different types of slow-release fluoride devices on preventing, arresting, or reversing the progression of carious lesions on all surface types of deciduous and permanent teeth.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched (up until February 2005) multiple electronic databases (Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE), bibliographic references of identified randomised controlled trials (RCTs), textbooks, review articles, and meta-analyses. Letters were sent to authors of identified RCTs asking for clarifications and unpublished or ongoing research. Relevant journals were handsearched for more recent reports than those obtained from databases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing slow-release fluoride devices with an alternative fluoride treatment, placebo, or no intervention in all age groups. The main outcomes measures sought were changes in numbers of decayed, missing, and filled teeth or surfaces (DMFT/DMFS in permanent teeth or dmft/dmfs in primary teeth) and progression of carious lesions through enamel and into dentine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Abstracts of all reports identified were considered independently by two review authors and full reports obtained of any potentially relevant articles to allow further assessment for relevance and validity. Data extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently by two and three review authors respectively, with arbitration by the fourth. Where uncertainty existed, authors were contacted for additional information.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only one trial involving 174 children fully met the criteria for inclusion in this review. Although 132 children were still included in the trial at the 2-year completion point, examination and statistical analysis was performed on only the 63 children who had retained the beads. Thirty-one of these were in the intervention group and 32 in the control group. Amongst these 63 children, caries increment was reported to be statistically significantly lower in the intervention group than in the placebo group (mean difference: -0.72 DMFT, 95% confidence interval -1.23 to -0.21 and -1.52 DMFS, 95% confidence interval -2.68 to -0.36)
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is some evidence of a caries-inhibiting effect of slow-release fluoride glass beads. This evidence is regarded as weak and unreliable because the results were from participants selected on the basis of bead retention rather than an intention-to-treat analysis.
authors.affiliation: Dental Health Services Research Unit, The Mackenzie Building, Kirsty Semple Way, Dundee, Tayside, UK. b.c.bonner@dundee.ac.uk
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Bonner
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Clarkson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dobbyn
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khanna
mesh_terms: D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005459:Fluorides