title: Evaluation of ketamine systemic absorption from topical preparations. Short Communication.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the systemic absorption of the topically administered ketamine using different vehicles and additives, in order to develop a transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) of this drug. After the application of different ketamine preparations (1% in hydrogel, o/w cream, or organogel) the ketamine appeared in the blood. The lowest level could be observed with o/w cream, while the highest concentration was achieved by means of the hydrogel system, however this difference was not significant. Further studies are going to be performed with higher drug concentrations for the characterization of the differences in the pharmacodynamics of the drug with different vehicles and to evaluate the correlation between the in vitro and in vivo absorption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zapantis
authors.forename: Ildikó
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Csóka
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Csányi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Horváth
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Erös
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005782:Gels; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects*; D012869:Skin Absorption
chemical_list: D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D005782:Gels; D007649:Ketamine