Behavior of pathogenic microbes in a treated wastewater reuse system and examination of new standards for the reuse of treated wastewater.
We researched the behavior of pathogenic microbes in a treated wastewater reuse system to acquire knowledge for establishing new standards for the reuse of treated wastewater. Based on the results that showed occasional growth of total coliforms but barely any growth of Escherichia coli in the supply tank, we found that the total coliform, which includes bacteria that also breed in the soil, etc., is not necessarily suitable as the index bacteria for indicating pollution by excrement. We also clarified that it is possible to decrease the heterotrophic plate count to a specified level in cases where combined residual chlorine is more than 0.3 mg/l, and that the standard value for residual chlorine should be set at 0.3 mg/l or more. At the same time, we found that applying sand filtration treatment to water used for toilet flushing, sprinkling and landscaping, and sand filtration treatment plus coagulation treatment to water for recreational use lowers the annual risk of infection by Cryptosporidium to less than 10(-4). The standard for viruses must be examined in the future because Noroviruses were sometimes detected even in the reclaimed water, although we could not establish the standard at this time due to problems with the virus detection method.
Tajima
Atsushi
A
Wastewater and Sludge Management Division, Water Quality Control Department, National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management (NILIM), Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MLIT), Tsukuba, Japan. gesuisyo@nilim.go.jp
Sakurai
Kensuke
K
Minamiyama
Mizuhiko
M
D000818:Animals; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003458:Cryptosporidium / Q000254:growth & development*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000254:growth & development*; D007564:Japan; D029322:Norovirus / Q000254:growth & development*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*