title: Preexpanded distant "super-thin" intercostal perforator flaps for facial reconstruction without the need for microsurgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Concept of the 'super-thin perforator flap' was introduced in 1994 by authors. Since then, various types of 'super-thin perforator flaps' were applied successfully especially for contour sensitive reconstruction such as face and neck.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven patients requiring large flaps who presented with extensive disfiguring facial scar (male: seven cases, female: four cases). On the consideration of flaps' colour, texture and thickness requirements, the authors selected 'super-thin' anterior intercostal perforator flaps (AICP, range from 4 x 14 cm to 25 cm x 9 cm) for reconstruction purpose. First, tissue expanders (volume range from 800 cc to 1200 cc) were carefully inserted under the AICP. After the flaps were expanded for 2 months, distant scars were removed and the covering super-thinned flaps were transferred into recipient site. Two weeks later, pedicles in the anterior chest were cut down and flaps were transferred to replace all the left scars.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Flap were survived without any complications. The colour, texture and thickness of the transferred flap were satisfactory, shrink of flaps were not observed after long term follow-up. The authors present a method of facial reconstruction that has the advantages of creating a large amount of thin tissue of both good colour and texture, without the need of microsurgery and few disadvantages of donor-site morbidity. The disadvantages are three-staged procedures, complications of tissue expansion and uncomfortable compulsory posture for patients. In our opinion, this is an alternative method of choice for reconstructing all large defects in the lower two-thirds of the face.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hykusoku
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002056:Burns / Q000601:surgery; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005145:Face / Q000601:surgery*; D005151:Facial Injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D015626:Tissue Expansion / Q000379:methods