title: Cost effectiveness analysis of smoking cessation interventions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify which smoking cessation interventions provide the most efficient use of health care resources at a population level.
  
  
  METHODS
  Effectiveness data were obtained from a review of the international literature. Costs and effects of smoking cessation interventions were estimated from the perspective of the Australian Government. Treatment costs and effects were modelled using incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Assumptions regarding effectiveness, resource use and costs were tested by sensitivity analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the population perspective, telephone counselling appeared to be the most cost-effective intervention. Adding proactive forms of telephone counselling increased the effectiveness of pharmacotherapies at a low incremental cost and, therefore, this could be a highly cost-effective strategy. Bupropion appeared to be more cost effective than nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Combined bupropion and NRT did not appear to be cost effective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  General practitioners should be encouraged to refer patients to telephone quit lines and if prescribing pharmacotherapy consider the addition of telephone counselling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results support greater investment in proactive forms of telephone counselling and more formal integration of pharmacotherapies with proactive telephone counselling services as cost-effective strategies for reducing population-level smoking rates.
authors.affiliation: National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales. j.shearer@med.unsw.edu.au
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shearer
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shanahan
mesh_terms: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016642:Bupropion / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003376:Counseling / Q000191:economics; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009517:New South Wales; D009538:Nicotine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015397:Program Evaluation; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D016642:Bupropion; D009538:Nicotine