title: The impact of a breathlessness intervention service (BIS) on the lives of patients with intractable dyspnea: a qualitative phase 1 study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Disabling breathlessness is the most common symptom of advanced cardiopulmonary disease. It is usually intractable, even when patients receive maximal medical therapy for their underlying condition. A pilot study was undertaken to evaluate a newly formed palliative Breathlessness Intervention Service (BIS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The methodology followed the Medical Research Council's Framework for the Evaluation of Complex Interventions (Phase I). Qualitative interviews were completed with patients and relatives who had used the service and clinicians who had referred to it. The focus of the interviews was the participants' experience of using BIS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients valued the positive educational approach taken to breathlessness, emphasizing what was possible rather than what had been lost. Non-pharmacological strategies, especially the hand-held fan and exercises, were rated very helpful and new to patients. Participants reiterated that breathlessness was frightening and isolating, exacerbating the disability it caused: the easy access to advice and flexibility of BIS helped to alleviate this. Participants wanted a written record of the advice given. Carers welcomed the focus on their needs. Clinicians valued sharing the management of patients with an intractable problem.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This Phase I study has helped to remodel the service rapidly by uncovering the aspects of BIS that users find most valuable and areas that need change or improvement. The BIS needs to provide written information, to reinforce and extend contacts with other agencies to build on support it already provides for patients and carers, and extend its flexibility and accessibility. Providing a "drop-in" service and continuing education after the initial program of contacts is completed could be a useful service development, warranting further evaluation. A qualitative methodology involving service users and referrers can help to shape service development rapidly.
authors.affiliation: Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK. sara.booth@addenbrookes.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Booth
authors.forename: Morag
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farquhar
authors.forename: Marjolein
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gysels
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bausewein
authors.forename: Irene J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Higginson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001945:Breathing Exercises; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D010166:Palliative Care; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015397:Program Evaluation