title: Dysfunction of regulatory volume increase is a key component of apoptosis.
abstract: Sustained cell shrinkage is a major hallmark of apoptotic cell death. In apoptotic cells, whole cell volume reduction, called apoptotic volume decrease (AVD), proceeds until fragmentation of cells. Under non-apoptotic conditions, human epithelial HeLa cells exhibited a slow regulatory volume increase (RVI) after osmotic shrinkage induced by exposure to hypertonic solution. When AVD was induced by treatment with a Fas ligand, TNF-alpha or staurosporine, however, it was found that HeLa cells failed to undergo RVI. When RVI was inhibited by combined application of Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) and anion exchanger blockers, hypertonic stress induced prolonged shrinkage followed by caspase-3 activation in HeLa cells. Hypertonicity also induced apoptosis in NHE1-deficient PS120 fibroblasts, which lack the RVI response. When RVI was restored by transfection of these cells with NHE1, hypertonicity-induced apoptosis was completely prevented. Thus, it is concluded that RVI dysfunction is indispensable for the persistence of AVD and induction of apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Emi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maeno
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Yasunobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okada
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism; D048429:Cell Size; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D009995:Osmosis / Q000187:drug effects; D009997:Osmotic Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D000074082:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 1; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D019311:Staurosporine / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; C490998:SLC9A1 protein, human; D000074082:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 1; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D053148:Caspase 3; D019311:Staurosporine