title: Gender-specific risk stratification with B-type natriuretic peptide levels in patients with acute dyspnea: insights from the B-type natriuretic peptide for acute shortness of breath evaluation study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined whether B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels allow gender-specific risk stratification in patients with acute dyspnea.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  B-type natriuretic peptide levels determined in patients with heart failure correlate with the severity of disease and prognosis. Gender differences in risk prediction are poorly examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  The BASEL (B-type natriuretic peptide for Acute Shortness of Breath Evaluation) Study enrolled 190 female and 262 male patients presenting with acute dyspnea.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 24 months, cumulative mortality was comparable in women and men (38% vs. 35%, p = 0.66). Cox regression analyses revealed that BNP levels >500 pg/ml indicated a 5.1-fold increase in mortality for women (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.0 to 8.5, p < 0.001) versus a 1.8-fold increase in men (95% CI 1.2 to 2.6; p = 0.007). The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) for BNP to predict death was significantly higher in female (AUC: 0.80, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.86) than in male patients (AUC: 0.64, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.71; p = 0.001 for the comparison of AUC(women) versus AUC(men)). Women with BNP >500 pg/ml displayed a higher mortality as compared with men with BNP >500 pg/ml (68% vs. 46%, p = 0.015). Interaction analysis showed that BNP is a stronger predictor of death in women than in men (p = 0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  B-type natriuretic peptide plasma levels seem to be stronger predictors of death in women than in men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Division A, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland. MicChrist@uhbs.ch
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Christ
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Laule-Kilian
authors.forename: Willibald
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hochholzer
authors.forename: Theresia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Klima
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Breidthardt
authors.forename: Andre P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Perruchoud
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mueller
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain