title: Genetic variation is associated with C-reactive protein levels in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased serum C-reactive protein (CRP) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have suggested that genetic variation within the CRP gene is associated with serum CRP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We genotyped CRP genetic variants in 7159 individuals from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). NHANES III is American population-based sample linked to hundreds of phenotypes, including CRP; however, the CRP assay used in this survey is not a high-sensitivity CRP assay, and 65% of participants (n=4679) had CRP measurements at or below the level of detection. Despite these limitations, we identified specific CRP single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes associated with serum CRP levels in the general population. Two variants were associated with increased levels of serum CRP: SNP rs3093058 (in linkage disequilibrium with a CRP promoter SNP rs3093062) in the non-Hispanic black sample and the triallelic promoter SNP rs3091244 in the non-Hispanic black and Mexican American samples. Two other SNPs were associated with decreased levels of serum CRP in either the non-Hispanic black (rs1205 and rs2808630) or Mexican American (rs1205) samples. Three haplotypes inferred from 7 SNPs (ATTGCGA, TTAGCGA, and AAAGAGA) were associated (P < or = 0.01) with increased levels of serum CRP in the non-Hispanic black sample; 2 haplotypes (ATTGCGA and AAAGCGA) were associated (P < 0.05) with increased levels in the Mexican American sample; and 1 haplotype (AAAGCGA) was associated (P < 0.03) with increased levels in the non-Hispanic white sample. Post hoc analysis suggests that the AA genotype of the triallelic SNP rs3091244, after adjustment for covariates, was associated with prevalent coronary heart disease in the non-Hispanic white population sample.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Genetic variation within CRP is associated with serum CRP levels in the general population and may be associated with prevalent coronary heart disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA. crawford@chgr.mc.vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: Dana C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: Christopher L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: Xiaoting
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Joshua D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shephard
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Witrak
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rieder
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Nickerson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000235:genetics; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006239:Haplotypes; D006306:Health Surveys; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein