title: Addition of inhaled tobramycin to ciprofloxacin for acute exacerbations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in adult bronchiectasis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in patients with bronchiectasis, a chronic airway disease that is characterized by episodes of exacerbation, is associated with more severe disease and a higher utilization of health-care resources. Inhaled tobramycin solution reduces the number of acute exacerbations in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF)-related bronchiectasis with P aeruginosa infection but remains untested in the treatment of exacerbations in patients with non-CF bronchiectasis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study tested the effect of adding inhaled tobramycin solution to oral ciprofloxacin (Cip) for the treatment of acute exacerbations of non-CF bronchiectasis in patients with P aeruginosa infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  A double-blind, randomized, active comparator, parallel-design study conducted at 17 study centers (5 in the United Kingdom, and 12 in the United States) compared 2 weeks of therapy with Cip with either an inhaled tobramycin solution or placebo in 53 adults with known P aeruginosa infection who were having acute exacerbations of bronchiectasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical symptoms, pulmonary function, clinical efficacy, and sputum microbiology were investigated prospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An inhaled solution of Cip with tobramycin, compared to placebo, achieved greater microbiological response but no statistically significant difference in clinical efficacy at days 14 or 21. Clinical and microbiological outcomes at the test of cure (ie, the clinical outcome assessment at day 21) were concordant when an inhaled tobramycin solution was added to therapy with Cip and compared to placebo (p = 0.01). Both subject groups had similar overall adverse event rates, but subjects receiving therapy with an inhaled tobramycin solution reported an increased frequency of wheeze (50%; placebo group, 15%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of an inhaled tobramycin solution to therapy with oral Cip for the treatment of acute exacerbations of bronchiectasis due to P aeruginosa improved microbiological outcome and was concordant with clinical outcome; the inability to demonstrate an additional clinical benefit may have been due to emergent wheeze resulting from treatment.
authors.affiliation: Papworth Hospital, Adult CF Centre, Papworth Everard Cambridge, Cambridge CB38RE, UK. drdianabilton@aol.com
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bilton
authors.forename: Noreen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Henig
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Morrissey
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gotfried
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001987:Bronchiectasis / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014031:Tobramycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D014031:Tobramycin