title: Venous thromboembolic disease: a single-centre case series study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism in children has likely changed since first being described a decade ago because of evolving management strategies and a greater awareness of predisposing factors for thrombosis in children. The Royal Children's Hospital commenced a 4-year prospective registry of venous thrombosis in 1999 to determine the current Australian epidemiology of venous thrombosis in infants and children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, single-centre registry was established to determine the prevalence, aetiology, diagnostic criteria, management and outcome of venous thromboembolism in an Australian tertiary paediatric centre.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of venous thrombosis was 8.0/10 000 hospital admissions. Fifty-eight per cent of infants and 49% of children were male. Seventy-seven per cent of venous thromboses in infants were associated with central venous cannulation compared with 47% in children. Doppler ultrasonography was the most frequently used diagnostic tool. Treatment strategies varied between age groups. The all-cause mortality rate for infants and children in this study was 8.4% (direct thrombus-related mortality 0%). Fifteen per cent of all patients demonstrated complete resolution of their venous thrombosis at discharge, with 48% demonstrating complete resolution at follow-up assessment. Fifteen per cent of patients experienced significant thrombosis-related morbidity at follow-up assessment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this single-centre registry, venous thrombosis in infants and children occurred with greater frequency than has previously been reported and its epidemiology varied. Central venous catheterisation continues to be a common precipitant to venous thrombosis. Optimal diagnostic and treatment interventions for venous thromboembolism have not yet been determined for infants and children, despite the significant incidence of long-term sequelae.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Haematology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Newall
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Crock
authors.forename: Janine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Savoia
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Monagle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy