title: Improvement of surgical skills after a three-day practical course for laparoscopic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Currently, skills labs are becoming increasingly important in the field of medical education. This study aims to objectively assess psychomotor skills acquisition of residents attending a three-day laparoscopic course.
  
  
  METHODS
  44 participants (test group) of the sixth practical course for Visceral Surgery of German surgical societies (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Chirurgie; DGCH and Berufsverband Deutscher Chirurgen; BDC) in Warnemuende with various degree of experience in laparoscopic surgery (18 advanced residents performing more than 50 laparoscopic operations and 26 novices performing less than 10 laparoscopic operations) and 6 consultants attending as tutors of the course (gold standard) were recruited as subjects. 20 medical students in their final year (camera holder) were chosen as a second control group (naive). Both control groups had no training during the practical course. The virtual reality simulator LapSim was used to assess laparoscopic skills of participants before and after the course. Time to complete the tasks, error score, and economy of motion parameters (path length and angular path) were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the practical course the advanced participants of the test group completed the task significantly faster (p = 0.019), with smaller error score (p = 0.023), and more economy of motion [path length (p = 0.014) and angular path (p = 0.049)] than before the course. The novices of the test group and both control groups showed no significant improvement of their performance parameters (p >0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A three-day practical course for laparoscopic surgery improved laparoscopic skills of residents. However, advanced residents benefit most from the course.
authors.affiliation: Department of Visceral-, Thoracic- and Vascular Surgery, of the Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany. hassan@med.uni-marburg.de
authors.forename: Iyad
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koller
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zielke
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rothmund
authors.forename: Berthold
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gerdes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000193:education*; D005260:Female; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000379:methods*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014584:User-Computer Interface