title: Protective effects of isothiocyanates towards N-nitrosamine-induced DNA damage in the single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE)/HepG2 assay.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of isothiocyanates towards N-nitrosamine-induced DNA damage in the single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE)/HepG2 assay. None of the isothiocyanates (ITCs) concentrations tested in the presence or absence of formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg), caused DNA damage per se. Combined treatments of HepG2 cells with phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) or indol-3-carbinol (I3C) and N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) or N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) reduced the genotoxic effects of the N-nitrosamines in a dose-dependent manner. The protective effect of the three ITCs tested was higher towards NPYR-induced oxidative DNA damage than against NDMA. The greatest protective effect towards NPYR-induced oxidative DNA damage was shown by I3C (1 microm, 79%) and by PEITC (1 microm, 67%) and I3C (1 microm, 61%) towards NDMA (in the presence of Fpg enzyme). However, in the absence of Fpg enzyme, AITC (1 microm, 72%) exerted the most drastic reduction towards NPYR-induced oxidative DNA damage, and PEITC (1 microm, 55%) towards NDMA. The results indicate that ITCs protect human-derived cells against the DNA damaging effect of NPYR and NDMA, two carcinogenic compounds which occur in the environment.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arranz
authors.forename: Ana I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Haza
authors.forename: Almudena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Möller
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rafter
authors.forename: Paloma
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Morales
mesh_terms: D016587:Antimutagenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D020552:Comet Assay / Q000379:methods*; D004249:DNA Damage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D017879:Isothiocyanates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009242:N-Nitrosopyrrolidine / Q000633:toxicity; D009602:Nitrosamines / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D016587:Antimutagenic Agents; D007211:Indoles; D017879:Isothiocyanates; D009602:Nitrosamines; C058305:phenethyl isothiocyanate; C004471:allyl isothiocyanate; C016517:indole-3-carbinol; D009242:N-Nitrosopyrrolidine