title: Molecular dissection of the APC/C inhibitor Rca1 shows a novel F-box-dependent function.
abstract: Rca1 (regulator of Cyclin A)/Emi (early mitotic inhibitor) proteins are essential inhibitors of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). In Drosophila, Rca1 is required during G2 to prevent premature cyclin degradation by the Fizzy-related (Fzr)-dependent APC/C activity. Here, we present a structure and function analysis of Rca1 showing that a carboxy-terminal fragment is sufficient for APC/C inhibition. Rca1/Emi proteins contain a conserved F-box and interact with components of the Skp-Cullin-F-box (SCF) complex. So far, no function has been ascribed to this domain. We find that the F-box of Rca1 is dispensable for APC/C-Fzr inhibition during G2. Nevertheless, we show that Rca1 has an additional function at the G1-S transition, which requires the F-box. Overexpression of Rca1 accelerates the G1-S transition in an F-box-dependent manner. Conversely, S-phase entry is delayed in cells in which endogenous Rca1 is replaced by a transgene lacking the F-box. We propose that Rca1 acts as an F-box protein in an as yet uncharacterized SCF complex, which promotes S-phase entry.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Zülpicherstrasse 47, 50674 Köln, Germany.
authors.forename: Norman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zielke
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Querings
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grosskortenhaus
authors.forename: Tânia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sprenger
mesh_terms: D064173:Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome; D000818:Animals; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004330:Drosophila / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005123:Eye / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D044782:F-Box Motifs / Q000502:physiology*; D016196:S Phase; D044843:SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases / Q000378:metabolism*; D043743:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; C491136:Rca1 protein, Drosophila; D043743:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes; D064173:Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome; D044843:SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases