title: Acetylsalicylic acid as antifungal in Eremothecium and other yeasts.
abstract: Interesting distribution patterns of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin) sensitive 3-hydroxy (OH) oxylipins were previously reported in some representatives of the yeast genus Eremothecium--an important group of plant pathogens. Using immunofluorescence microscopy and 3-OH oxylipin specific antibodies in this study, we were able to map the presence of these compounds also in other Eremothecium species. In Eremothecium cymbalariae, these oxylipins were found to cover mostly the spiky tips of narrowly triangular ascospores while in Eremothecium gossypii, oxylipins covered the whole spindle-shaped ascospore with terminal appendages. The presence of these oxylipins was confirmed by chemical analysis. When ASA, a 3-OH oxylipin inhibitor, was added to these yeasts in increasing concentrations, the sexual stage was found to be the most sensitive. Our results suggest that 3-OH oxylipins, produced by mitochondria through incomplete beta-oxidation, are associated with the development of the sexual stages in both yeasts. Strikingly, preliminary studies on yeast growth suggest that yeasts, characterized by mainly an aerobic respiration rather than a fermentative pathway, are more sensitive to ASA than yeasts characterized by both pathways. These data further support the role of mitochondria in sexual as well as asexual reproduction of yeasts and its role to serve as a target for ASA antifungal action.
authors.affiliation: Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, UNESCO MIRCEN, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Leeuw
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Swart
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ncango
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Pohl
authors.forename: O M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Sebolai
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Strauss
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Botes
authors.forename: P W J
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: van Wyk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nigam
authors.forename: J L F
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kock
mesh_terms: D001241:Aspirin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D004718:Saccharomycetales / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D001241:Aspirin