title: Successful cancer vaccine therapy for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-expressing colon cancer using genetically modified dendritic cells that express CEA and T helper-type 1 cytokines in CEA transgenic mice.
abstract: This study was designed to determine whether the vaccination of genetically modified dendritic cells (DCs) simultaneously expressing carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 12 (IL-12) can overcome the peripheral T-cell tolerance to CEA and thereby elicit a therapeutic response in CEA transgenic mice. CEA transgenic mice were immunized once by subcutaneous injection with DCs adenovirally transduced with CEA and T helper-type 1 cytokine genes. The cytotoxic activity of spleen cells against CEA-expressing tumors, MC38-CEA, in the mice immunized with DCs expressing CEA (DC-AxCACEA) was higher than that in those immunized with DCs-AxCALacZ (p < 0.0001), and was augmented by the cotransduction with the GM-CSF/IL-12 gene (p < 0.05). The vaccination with DC-AxCACEA/GM-CSF/IL-12 could elicit a more potent therapeutic immunity than the vaccination with DC-AxCACEA in subcutaneous tumor models (p < 0.0001), and 4 of 5 mice showed a complete eradication of the subcutaneous tumors in these vaccination groups. Even in a large tumor model, this vaccination therapy completely eliminated the subcutaneous tumors in all mice. This antitumor activity mostly vanished with the depletion of CD8(+) T cells and NK cells in vivo and was completely abrogated with the depletion of CD4(+) T cells. A histopathological examination showed no evidence of an autoimmune reaction. No other adverse effects were observed. This vaccination strategy resulted in the generation of highly efficient therapeutic immune responses against MC38-CEA in the absence of autoimmune responses and demonstrated no adverse effects, and may therefore be useful for future clinical applications as a cancer vaccine therapy.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiyasu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ojima
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwahashi
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Mikihito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamori
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Teiji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Naka
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: F James
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Primus
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamaue
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051940:B7-2 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive / Q000379:methods*; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D054400:Receptors, CCR7; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000378:metabolism; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D051940:B7-2 Antigen; C515370:CCR7 protein, human; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; C515371:Ccr7 protein, mouse; D016207:Cytokines; D054400:Receptors, CCR7; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D018664:Interleukin-12; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor