title: Effects of serum on (-)-gossypol-suppressed growth in human prostate cancer cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gossypol, a natural polyphenolic compound present in cottonseeds, possesses antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in in vivo and in vitro models. There are two enantiomers, (+)-gossypol and (-)-gossypol, the latter being a more potent inhibitor of cancer cell growth. Here, the effect of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and dextran-coated charcoal-treated fetal bovine serum (DCC-FBS)-containing medium on the ability of (-)-gossypol to inhibit the growth of human prostate cancer cells was studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  BSA- and DCC-FBS-supplemented medium were used to examine the influence of serum proteins on the antiproliferative effects of (-)-gossypol in DU-145 cells, a human prostate cancer cell line. The viability of the DU-145 cells was determined by CellTiter 96 Aqueous assay. The expressions of mRNA and protein for the cell cycle regulators, cyclin-D1, Rb, CDK, p21 and TGF-beta, were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot analyses, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (-)-Gossypol caused growth suppression of the DU-145 cells. In comparison with BSA-supplemented medium, DCC-FBS blocked the antiproliferative effects of (-)-gossypol at 1 and 2.5 microM, but not at 5 microM. Furthermore, (-)-gossypol treatment down-regulated cyclin-D1, Rb, CDK4 and CDK6, and up-regulated p21 and TGF-beta1 at the mRNA and/or protein levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggested that (-)-gossypol-suppressed prostate cancer cell growth may be influenced through cell cycle regulators, which may lead to better prognosis. We further speculate that (-)-gossypol might serve as a chemotherapeutic agent for human prostate cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Reproductive and Molecular Endocrinology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Yi-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Li-Shu
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hsiang-Lin
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Weiping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Yasuro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Dowd
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Young C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002417:Cattle; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051361:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003911:Dextrans / Q000737:chemistry; D006072:Gossypol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D044967:Serum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D003911:Dextrans; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D019938:Cyclin D1; D002606:Charcoal; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; C495900:CDK4 protein, human; C495911:CDK6 protein, human; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D051361:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6; D006072:Gossypol