title: 33 cases of airsoft gun pellet ocular injuries in Copenhagen, Denmark, 1998-2002.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the incidence and ocular effects of blunt trauma due to injury from airsoft gun pellets.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a non-comparative case series based on the files of 33 patients who suffered ocular injury from airsoft guns and were admitted to one university emergency eye clinic in Copenhagen during a 5-year period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 33 eyes in 33 patients were examined. Thirty male and three female patients were affected. Mean age was 13 years (range 3-49 years). Mean follow-up time was 6.5 days (range 1-540 days). On initial examination, we found: hyphaema (n = 28), corneal abrasion (n = 22), retinal oedema (n = 11), subconjunctival haemorrhage (n = 10), palpebral haemorrhage and/or oedema (n = 9), iris dialysis (n = 7), intraocular pressure (IOP) > 31 mmHg (n = 4), IOP < 9 mmHg (n = 4), vitreous haemorrhage (n = 2) and cataract (n = 1). One patient had brown corneal discoloration due to severe chronic hyphaema that required surgery. The final visual acuity was 1.0 in 20 patients and < or = 0.7 in five patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The airsoft gun trauma resulted in anterior and posterior segment ocular injuries that required acute medical intervention and for which some patients were hospitalized. Trauma mainly occurred in children and youths. A longterm risk of glaucoma is expected. Eye care professionals and parents as well as manufacturers of airsoft guns should advise participants to wear adequate protection when involved in this activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. jonpeiter@saunte.com
authors.forename: Jon Peiter
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Saunte
authors.forename: Mads Egil
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Saunte
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005389:Firearms; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010988:Play and Playthings / Q000293:injuries*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology