title: Risk of cervical cancer associated with Chlamydia trachomatis antibodies by histology, HPV type and HPV cofactors.
abstract: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the central etiologic factor for cervical cancer, and prior studies suggested C. trachomatis may act as an HPV cofactor. We examined the C. trachomatis-cervical cancer association by serotype, histology, HPV type in the tumor, and other HPV cofactors. We conducted a population-based study in the Seattle-Puget Sound area of 302 women with invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), 185 women with adenocarcinomas of the cervix (AC), and 318 HPV seropositive control women. The risk of SCC associated with antibodies to C. trachomatis was increased (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.2) but not for AC (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.6-1.5). This association was independent of HPV type in the SCC tumor tissue. There was an association between specific serotypes of C. trachomatis and SCC for 6 of the 10 serotypes: B (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.5-8.4), D (OR 2.1, 95% CI, 1.2-3.5), E (OR 2.4, 95% CI, 1.4-3.9), G (OR 3.0, 95% CI, 1.1-7.9), I (OR 4.2, 95% CI, 1.5-11.7), and J (OR 2.3, 95% CI, 1.0-5.1), but not for the 4 types (C, F, H, and K) that were present at very low prevalence in this population. There was an increased risk of SCC, but not AC, associated with antibodies to C. trachomatis that was not serotype specific.
authors.affiliation: Program in Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. mmadelei@fhcrc.org
authors.forename: Margaret M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Madeleine
authors.forename: Tarja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Anttila
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saikku
authors.forename: Maija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leinonen
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wurscher
authors.forename: Lisa G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Denise A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Galloway
authors.forename: Janet R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Daling
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012703:Serotyping; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D014861:Washington / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D004279:DNA, Viral