title: Comparison of surgically repaired Achilles tendon tears using platelet-rich fibrin matrices.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Platelet-rich fibrin matrices release a natural mixture of growth factors that play central roles in the complex processes of tendon healing.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Application of autologous platelet-rich matrices during Achilles tendon surgery may promote healing and functional recovery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study and descriptive laboratory study; Level of evidence, 3.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve athletes underwent open suture repair after complete Achilles tendon tear. Open suture repair in conjunction with a preparation rich in growth factors (PRGF) was performed in 6 athletes and retrospectively compared with a matched group that followed conventional surgical procedure. The outcomes were evaluated on the basis of range of motion, functional recovery, and complications. Achilles tendons were examined by ultrasound at 50 +/- 11 months in retrospective controls and 32 +/- 10 months in the PRGF group. In the laboratory portion of the study, PRGF treatment was characterized by the number of platelets and concentration of insulin (IGF-I), transformed (TGF-beta1), platelet-derived (PDGF-AB), vascular endothelial (VEGF), hepatocyte (HGF), and epidermal (EGF) growth factors in patients affected by musculoskeletal traumatic injuries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Athletes receiving PRGF recovered their range of motion earlier (7 +/- 2 weeks vs 11 +/- 3 weeks, P = .025), showed no wound complication, and took less time to take up gentle running (11 +/- 1 weeks vs 18 +/- 3 weeks, P = .042) and to resume training activities (14 +/- 0.8 weeks vs 21 +/- 3 weeks, P = .004). The cross-sectional area of the PRGF-treated tendons increased less (t = 3.44, P = .009). TGF-beta1 (74.99 +/- 32.84 ng/mL), PDGF-AB (35.62 +/- 14.57 ng/mL), VEGF (383.9 +/- 374.9 pg/mL), EGF (481.5 +/- 187.5 pg/mL), and HGF (593.87 +/- 155.76 pg/mL) significantly correlated with the number of platelets (677 +/- 217 platelets/microL, P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The operative management of tendons combined with the application of autologous PRGF may present new possibilities for enhanced healing and functional recovery. This needs to be evaluated in a randomized clinical trial.
authors.affiliation: Arthroscopic Surgery Unit, USP-La Esperanza Clinic, Basque Country, Spain.
authors.forename: Mikel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Anitua
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Azofra
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Andía
authors.forename: Sabino
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Padilla
authors.forename: Iñigo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mujika
mesh_terms: D000125:Achilles Tendon / Q000293:injuries* / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000601:surgery; D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053657:Platelet-Rich Plasma; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012421:Rupture / Q000601:surgery; D013536:Suture Techniques; D014014:Tissue Adhesives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive; D014014:Tissue Adhesives