title: Immature sucking patterns in infants of mothers with diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate immaturity of sucking patterns of infants of mothers with diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Term infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (16 mothers managed with insulin and 31 with diet alone) were compared with 55 matched healthy infants (control group). Sucking patterns were recorded and analyzed for number of sucks and bursts and averages maximum suck pressure, number of sucks per burst, suck width, and time between bursts. The measurements were made for feedings of 5 minutes duration with Kron's Nutritive Sucking Apparatus on the third day of life.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relative to the control group, newborns of the insulin-treated mothers averaged 5.2 fewer bursts and 42 fewer sucks (P = .013 and P = .04, respectively). No differences were noted for other variables tested. There were no differences in sucking patterns between newborns of diet-managed mothers and control newborns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Poorer sucking patterns were found among infants of insulin-managed mothers with diabetes. The present findings indicate some degree of neurologic immaturity during the early neonatal period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, and the Faculty of Medicine of the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel. bromi@md2.huji.ac.il
authors.forename: Ruben
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bromiker
authors.forename: Adi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rachamim
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hammerman
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schimmel
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Medoff-Cooper
mesh_terms: D001903:Bottle Feeding; D001942:Breast Feeding; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007557:Israel; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D011247:Pregnancy; D016897:Respiratory Burst; D013391:Sucking Behavior
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin