title: Particulate and microbial contamination in in-use admixed intravenous infusions.
abstract: We compared particulate and microbial contamination in residual solutions of peripheral intravenous admixtures after the termination of drip infusion between intravenous fluids admixed with glass ampoule drugs and those admixed with pre-filled syringe drugs. The mean number of particles>or=1.3 microm in diameter per 1 ml of residual solution was 758.4 for fluids (n=60) admixed with potassium chloride in a glass ampoule (20 ml volume), 158.6 for fluids (n=63) admixed with potassium chloride in a pre-filled syringe (20 ml volume), 736.5 for fluids (n=66) admixed with sodium chloride in a glass ampoule (20 ml volume), 179.2 for fluids (n=15) admixed with sodium chloride in a pre-filled syringe (20 ml volume), 1884.5 in fluids (n=30) admixed with dobutamine hydrochloride in 3 glass ampoules (5 ml volume), and 178.9 (n=10) in diluted dobutamine hydrochloride in pre-filled syringes (50 ml volume: For these samples alone, particulate and microbial contamination were evaluated in sealed products.) Thus, for potassium chloride or sodium chloride for injection, the number of particles>or=1.3 microm in diameter in the residual intravenous solution was significantly higher for fluids admixed with glass ampoule drugs than for those admixed with pre-filled syringe drugs (p<0.0001). For dobutamine hydrochloride for injection, the number of particles>or=1.3 microm in diameter in the residual intravenous solution was estimated to be higher for fluids admixed with its glass ampoule drug than for those admixed with its pre-filled syringe drug. Observation of the residual solutions of fluids admixed with potassium chloride, sodium chloride, or dobutamine hydrochloride in glass ampoules using an electron microscope with an X-ray analyzer showed glass fragments in each residual solution. Therefore, for the prevention of glass particle contamination in peripheral intravenous admixtures, the use of pre-filled syringe drugs may a useful method. No microbial contamination was observed in any of the residual solutions of 5 types of admixture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Saiseikai Yamaguchi University Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yorioka
authors.forename: Shigeharu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oie
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oomaki
authors.forename: Akihisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamiya
mesh_terms: D004280:Dobutamine / Q000032:analysis; D004340:Drug Contamination; D004349:Drug Packaging / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D005898:Glass / Q000032:analysis; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000592:standards; D007267:Injections / Q000592:standards; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods; D010316:Particle Size; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions / Q000032:analysis*; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000032:analysis; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000032:analysis; D046590:Spectroscopy, Electron Energy-Loss / Q000379:methods; D013594:Syringes / Q000382:microbiology / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions; D004280:Dobutamine; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D011189:Potassium Chloride