title: Calcineurin regulates skeletal muscle metabolism via coordinated changes in gene expression.
abstract: The metabolic property of skeletal muscle adapts in response to an increased physiological demand by altering substrate utilization and gene expression. The calcium-regulated serine/threonine protein phosphatase calcineurin has been implicated in the transduction of motor neuron signals to alter gene expression programs in skeletal muscle. We utilized transgenic mice that overexpress an activated form of calcineurin in skeletal muscle (MCK-CnA*) to investigate the impact of calcineurin activation on metabolic properties of skeletal muscle. Activation of calcineurin increased glucose incorporation into glycogen and lipid oxidation in skeletal muscle. Activated calcineurin suppressed skeletal muscle glucose oxidation and increased lactate release. The enhancement in lipid oxidation was supported by increased expression of genes for lipid metabolism and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. In a reciprocal fashion, several genes of glycolysis were down-regulated, whereas pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 was markedly induced. This expression pattern was associated with decreased glucose utilization and enhanced glycogen storage. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and PPARgamma coactivator 1alpha (PGC1alpha) are transcription regulators for the expression of metabolic and mitochondrial genes. Consistent with changes in the gene-regulatory program, calcineurin promoted the expression of PPARalpha, PPARdelta, and PPARgamma coactivator 1alpha in skeletal muscle. These results provide evidence that calcineurin-mediated skeletal muscle reprogramming induces the expression of several transcription regulators that coordinate changes in the expression of genes for lipid and glucose metabolism, which in turn alters energy substrate utilization in skeletal muscle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, von Eulers väg 4, 4th Floor, Stockholm S-171 77, Sweden.
authors.forename: Yun Chau
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Glund
authors.forename: Pablo M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Garcia-Roves
authors.forename: Juleen R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Zierath
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019703:Calcineurin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D047495:PPAR gamma; C486497:PPARGC1A protein, human; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D014157:Transcription Factors; D006003:Glycogen; D011494:Protein Kinases; C403287:pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4; D019703:Calcineurin; D005947:Glucose; D010100:Oxygen