title: Combined use of choledochoscope and duodenoscope in treatment of bile peritonitis after removal of T-tube.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Biliary leakage after removal of a T-tube has significant morbidity and mortality. Its etiology is multifactorial. The treatment and outcome of this complication vary. In the present study we evaluated the procedures and efficacy of combined use of choledochoscope and duodenoscope in the treatment of bile peritonitis after T-tube removal.
  
  
  METHODS
  The procedures and results of 11 cases of biliary leakage after removal of T-tube who had been treated from January 1998 to June 2004 by combined use of choledochoscope and duodenoscope were analyzed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the treatment, 9 patients were cured, and 2 were reoperated on and cured.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biliary leakage after removal of T-tube can be cured successfully by combined use of choledochoscope and duodenoscope. Importantly, the method is simple, effective and safe, and mostly reoperation can be avoided.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, People's Hospital of Zhoushan, Zhoushan 316000, China.
authors.forename: Guo-Qiang
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yu-Hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Chao-Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Jin-Rong
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Liang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001662:Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003135:Common Bile Duct / Q000601:surgery*; D020878:Device Removal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020698:Duodenoscopes; D004384:Duodenoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D019723:Endoscopes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*