Chronic fluoxetine increases cytosolic phospholipase A(2) activity and arachidonic acid turnover in brain phospholipids of the unanesthetized rat.
BACKGROUND
Fluoxetine is used to treat unipolar depression and is thought to act by increasing the concentration of serotonin (5-HT) in the synaptic cleft, leading to increased serotonin signaling. The 5-HT(2A/2C) receptor subtypes are coupled to a phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)). We hypothesized that chronic fluoxetine would increase the brain activity of PLA(2) and the turnover rate of arachidonic acid (AA) in phospholipids of the unanesthetized rat.


METHODS
To test this hypothesis, rats were administered fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) or vehicle intraperitoneally daily for 21 days. In the unanesthetized rat, [1-(14)C]AA was infused intravenously and arterial blood plasma was sampled until the animal was killed at 5 min and its brain was subjected to chemical, radiotracer, or enzyme analysis.


RESULTS
Using equations from our fatty acid model, we found that chronic fluoxetine compared with vehicle increased the turnover rate of AA within several brain phospholipids by 75-86%. The activity and protein levels of brain cytosolic PLA(2) (cPLA(2)) but not of secretory or calcium-independent PLA(2) were increased in rats administered fluoxetine. In a separate group of animals that received chronic fluoxetine followed by a 3-day saline washout, the turnover of AA and activity and protein levels of cPLA(2) were not significantly different from controls. The protein levels of cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 as well as the concentration of prostaglandin E(2) in rats chronically administered fluoxetine did not differ significantly from controls.


CONCLUSIONS
The results support the hypothesis that fluoxetine increases the cPLA(2)-mediated turnover of AA within brain phospholipids.
Lee
Ho-Joo
HJ
Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Rao
Jagadeesh S
JS
Ertley
Renee N
RN
Chang
Lisa
L
Rapoport
Stanley I
SI
Bazinet
Richard P
RP
D000818:Animals; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects*; D003600:Cytosol / Q000187:drug effects*; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016666:Fluvoxamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000187:drug effects; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000378:metabolism*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D044402:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A / Q000187:drug effects; D044405:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C / Q000187:drug effects; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D005473:Fluoxetine; D016666:Fluvoxamine; D010741:Phospholipases A; D010743:Phospholipids; D044402:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A; D044405:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors