title: Stimulation of epithelial CB1 receptors inhibits contractions of the rat prostate gland.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated whether stimulation of cannabinoid receptors influences smooth muscle contractility in the rat prostate gland.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemistry was used to characterize and localize cannabinoid receptors in the rat prostate gland. Isolated organ bath experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of cannabinoids on prostate contractility.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunohistochemical studies of the rat prostate yielded positive immunoreactivity for the CB(1) receptor, but not the CB(2) receptor. Double labelling revealed that CB(1) receptors were not colocalized with alpha-actin in the smooth muscle layer but were primarily expressed within the epithelial lining of the prostatic acini. The cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 (10 nM - 10 microM) inhibited contractile responses to electrical-field stimulation (10 Hz, 0.5 ms, 60 V for 2 s per minute) in a concentration-dependent manner. The CB(1) selective antagonists, SR141716 (1 microM) and LY 320135 (1 microM), reversed the WIN 55,212-2-mediated inhibition but the CB(2) selective antagonist, SR144528 (1 microM), did not. Furthermore, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (0.1 microM) caused significant reversal of the WIN 55,212-2 mediated inhibition of contractile responses, whereas the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N (omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME, 1 mM) did not. Prostaglandin E(2) (10 nM - 10 microM), produced a similar concentration-dependent inhibition to WIN 55,212-2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  WIN 55,212-2, an agonist at cannabinoid receptors, causes inhibition of smooth muscle contraction in the rat prostate by activating epithelial CB(1) receptors. This inhibition is mediated via the cyclooxygenase pathway.
authors.affiliation: Prostate Research Co-operative, Victorian College of Pharmacy, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tokanovic
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Malone
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ventura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004848:Epithelium / Q000502:physiology; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000502:physiology; D011467:Prostate / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D043885:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2 / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; D043885:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2