title: Inflammatory cell accumulation in traumatic neuromas of the human lingual nerve.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify the accumulation of inflammatory cells in traumatic neuromas of the human lingual nerve, and to establish any correlation with the patients' reported symptoms of dysaesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using fluorescence immunohistochemistry, the extent of any chronic inflammatory infiltrate was quantified in human lingual neuroma specimens removed from 24 patients at the time of microsurgical nerve repair. A pan-leucocyte marker (CD45) and a specific macrophage marker (CD68) were used, and comparisons made between neuromas-in-continuity (NICs) and nerve-end neuromas (NENs) in patients with or without symptoms of dysaesthesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CD68 and CD45 labelling was significantly associated with areas of viable nerve tissue in neuromas and the CD68 labelling was significantly higher in NICs than NENs. CD68 labelling density tended to decrease with increasing time after the initial nerve injury, but this correlation was only significant for labelling associated with viable nerve tissue in NENs. No significant difference was found between the level of CD68 or CD45 labelling in patients with or without symptoms of dysaesthesia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has demonstrated the presence of inflammatory cells within traumatic neuromas of the human lingual nerve. These cells were found to be closely associated with regions of viable nerve tissue, but there was no correlation with the patients' clinical symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Clinical Dentistry, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK.
authors.forename: Amit R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Vora
authors.forename: Sarah M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bodell
authors.forename: Alison R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Loescher
authors.forename: Keith G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Peter P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Fiona M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Boissonade
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000276:immunology; D003390:Cranial Nerve Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology; D008036:Lingual Nerve / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D061222:Lingual Nerve Injuries; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D009463:Neuroma / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D010292:Paresthesia / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D000097382:CD68 Molecule
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens; C067980:CD68 antigen, human; D000097382:CD68 Molecule; C516769:PTPRC protein, human