title: Adult-type hypolactasia and calcium availability: decreased calcium intake or impaired calcium absorption?
abstract: Adult-type hypolactasia, as mediated by a widespread genetic predisposition, not only reduces calcium intake but also calcium absorption in the presence of high amounts of lactose and may, therefore, promote osteoporosis. A lactose-reduced diet and lactose-free calcium supplements may reverse this imbalance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Adult-type hypolactasia (HL) defined by the LCT(-13910) polymorphism may reduce calcium intake by reducing dairy consumption and, therefore, promote osteoporosis. This study aimed to evaluate whether lactose also decreases intestinal calcium absorption in subjects with HL and whether lactose-reduced diet and lactose-free calcium supplementation as recommended could maintain bone mineral density (BMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on LCT genotyping, 73 postmenopausal women with and without HL underwent a conventional H(2) breath test with a concomitant oral strontium absorption test lasting 150 minutes, which closely reflects intestinal calcium absorption. In addition, we compared bone-specific laboratory parameters, lumbar and femoral BMD, and spinal radiographs to a similar bone assessment 5 years earlier.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LCT genotyping and functional lactose malabsorption tests were highly correlated. Dairy product consumption was reduced by 80% in HL individuals. During concomitant lactose application, mean strontium absorption was blunted by 54% in HL subjects after 150 minutes (1272 +/- 629 microg/L vs. 2020 +/- 1130 microg/L in lactose tolerant subjects, p=0.001). Nevertheless, BMD in HL subjects remained stable with lactose-free calcium supplements during the observation period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both decreased calcium intake as well as lactose-associated impaired calcium absorption may predispose subjects with HL to osteoporosis. Lactose-free calcium supplementation may help to maintain BMD in HL subjects.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, A-8036, Graz, Austria. barbara.obermayer@meduni-graz.at
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Obermayer-Pietsch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gugatschka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reitter
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Plank
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Strele
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bonelli
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Goessler
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dobnig
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Högenauer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Renner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fahrleitner-Pammer
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000502:physiology; D007785:Lactose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D007787:Lactose Intolerance / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008892:Milk; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D004164:Diphosphonates; D007785:Lactose