title: Development of the Hand Active Sensation Test: reliability and validity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop and establish the reliability and validity of a new quantitative functional measure of haptic perception in the hand, the Hand Active Sensation Test (HASTe).
  
  
  METHODS
  Reliability was assessed by test-retest sessions. Validity was assessed via discriminant analysis, concurrent validity with 2-point discrimination and wrist position test, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve construction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subject preference.
  
  
  METHODS
  Heterogeneous sample of 28 stroke survivors and 28 individually matched controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects used 1 hand to manipulate HASTe objects that vary by weight or texture to complete 18 match-to-sample trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-point discrimination threshold, Wrist Position Sense Test (WPST) average error, and HASTe accuracy score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Test-retest reliability was strong (intraclass correlation coefficient model 3,1 = .77). The HASTe score significantly discriminated the groups (t = 8.3, P < .001) and correlated with 2-point discrimination (r = -.67, P < .001) and WPST (r = -.60, P < .001). ROC curve area was .94 for test 1 and .92 for the average of 2 tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HASTe is a reliable and valid functional measure of haptic perception, appears to detect impairment of haptic perception even in stroke survivors with no reported sensory deficits, and may provide valuable quantitative clinical data about complex sensory loss and hand function after stroke.
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Therapy, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Petra S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: D Michele
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Basso
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Case-Smith
authors.forename: Deborah S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Nichols-Larsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020886:Somatosensory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation