title: Novel treatment strategies for chronic myeloid leukemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite dramatic advances in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), resistance to therapeutic agents has emerged as a significant treatment dilemma. Mutations of the BCR-ABL kinase domain, a common mechanism of resistance to imatinib in CML, are discussed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several new targeted kinase inhibitors have reached clinical trials and have proved to be efficacious in halting the oncogenic activity of most BCR-ABL mutants. Dasatinib is 300 times more potent than imatinib at BCR-ABL inhibition, has few side effects, and inhibits the SRC family kinases. Nilotinib inhibits BCR-ABL at 20-50 times more potency than imatinib. Both agents were highly effective in treating chronic phase CML but were less effective at treating accelerated phase CML in early phase clinical trials. In addition to these specific kinase inhibitors, farnesyl transferase inhibitors are actively being investigated. Vaccination strategies are undergoing clinical investigation transitioning from animal models to human clinical trials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new kinase inhibitors, dasatinib and nilotinib, are emerging as plausible therapeutic options for the treatment of imatinib-refractory CML.
authors.affiliation: Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplant, Indiana University Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. cfausel@clarian.org
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Fausel
mesh_terms: D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D016233:Immunotherapy, Active / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors