title: Abnormal glucose metabolism and features of the metabolic syndrome are common in patients presenting for elective cardiac catheterization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Abnormalities of glucose metabolism and the metabolic syndrome, including excess bodyweight, are potentially modifiable risk factors for cardiac morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of these in a group of patients presenting for elective cardiac catheterization or percutaneous intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were prospectively collected on 297 consecutive patients presenting for elective cardiac catheterization or percutaneous intervention at a single tertiary referral centre. Demographic data, risk factors, medications and coronary angiogram results were recorded. Fasting lipids, fasting glucose, HbA1c levels were measured and if necessary an oral glucose tolerance test was carried out. Logistic regression and contingency table analysis examined associations of these with ethnicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Impaired glucose metabolism (diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose) was present in 46.1% with our screening programme detecting previously unknown impaired glucose metabolism in 22.9%. Impaired glucose metabolism was strongly associated with non-European ethnicity (P < 0.0001). The metabolic syndrome was present in 49.2%. When defined by ethnic specific cut-offs, overweight or obesity was present in >80% of patients in all ethnic groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a very high prevalence of impaired glucose metabolism and the metabolic syndrome in patients presenting for cardiac catheterization. Impaired glucose metabolism is particularly prevalent in the Polynesian and the Indian and the Sri Lankan ethnic groups. Screening of patients undergoing elective cardiac catheterization identifies a significant number of patients with undiagnosed impaired glucose metabolism and should be carried out routinely.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand. scott.harding@ccdhb.org.nz
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Harding
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Anscombe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weatherall
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lever
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krebs
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography
chemical_list: D005947:Glucose