title: Stressful life events and painful recurrent colic of renal lithiasis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is strong evidence concerning the influence of life event stress on the onset and course of painful acute episodes in primary care. However, few studies have analyzed stressful life events in painful recurrent episodes of renal stone disease. We evaluated the association between painful recurrent colic of renal lithiasis and stressful life events.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed this case-control study in a primary care setting. Study participants were 194 subjects (97 cases and 97 controls) matched according to age and gender. Cases were outpatients with a confirmed diagnosis of nephrolithiasis. The control group consisted of patients seen at the Ophthalmology Outpatient Clinic of the University Hospital, reporting only refraction symptoms and presenting no chronic or acute pathology. Main outcome measures reported were stressful life events as measured by the Social Readjustment Rating Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean Social Readjustment Rating Scale of cases was significantly higher than controls at 257.56 (+/-193.81) vs 144 (+/-131.24), respectively. Logistic regression revealed that belonging to the case group increased the chances of showing positive results on the scale greater than or equal to 100 (OR 3.02, 95% CI 1.64-5.59) and the chance of presenting results of 200 or greater was 2.87 (OR 2.87, 95% CI 1.58-5.22).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stressful life events were significantly greater among cases than controls.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu 740, 04023-900 São Paulo-SP-Brazil. denise_diniz@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Denise H M P
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Diniz
authors.forename: Nestor
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schor
authors.forename: Sérgio Luis
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Blay
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003085:Colic / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D008016:Life Change Events; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012917:Social Adjustment