title: Proteolytic processing of delta-like 1 by ADAM proteases.
abstract: Delta-like 1 (Dll1) is a mammalian ligand for Notch receptors. Interactions between Dll1 and Notch in trans activate the Notch pathway, whereas Dll1 binding to Notch in cis inhibits Notch signaling. Dll1 undergoes proteolytic processing in its extracellular domain by ADAM10. In this work we demonstrate that Dll1 represents a substrate for several other members of the ADAM family. In co-transfected cells, Dll1 is constitutively cleaved by ADAM12, and the N-terminal fragment of Dll1 is released to medium. ADAM12-mediated cleavage of Dll1 is cell density-dependent, takes place in cis orientation, and does not require the presence of the cytoplasmic domain of ADAM12. Full-length Dll1, but not its N- or C-terminal proteolytic fragment, co-immunoprecipitates with ADAM12. By using a Notch reporter construct, we show that Dll1 processing by ADAM12 increases Notch signaling in a cell-autonomous manner. Furthermore, ADAM9 and ADAM17 have the ability to process Dll1. In contrast, ADAM15 does not cleave Dll1, although the two proteins still co-immunoprecipitate with each other. Asn-353 present in the catalytic motif of ADAM12 and other Dll1-processing ADAMs, but absent in ADAM15, is necessary for Dll1 cleavage. Dll1 cleavage is reduced in ADAM9/12/15(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), suggesting that the endogenous ADAM9 and/or ADAM12 present in wild type MEFs contribute to Dll1 processing. Finally, the endogenous Dll1 present in primary mouse myoblasts undergoes cleavage in confluent, differentiating myoblast cultures, and this cleavage is decreased by ADAM12 small interfering RNAs. Our findings expand the role of ADAM proteins in the regulation of Notch signaling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA.
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dyczynska
authors.forename: Danqiong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Haiqing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sehara-Fujisawa
authors.forename: Carl P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Blobel
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zolkiewska
mesh_terms: D051722:ADAM Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D000072199:ADAM12 Protein; D000072198:ADAM17 Protein; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D006224:Cricetinae; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D051880:Receptors, Notch / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; C512925:Dlk1 protein, mouse; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051880:Receptors, Notch; D051722:ADAM Proteins; D000072199:ADAM12 Protein; C096115:Adam12 protein, mouse; C498316:Adam9 protein, mouse; D000072198:ADAM17 Protein; C000606463:Adam17 protein, mouse