[Stress-associated hypertension in the work place: results of the STARLET project].
OBJECTIVE
To assess the influence of work stress and initial blood pressure on the prognosis of hypertension.


METHODS
In a prospective, controlled, multicentre, observational study, ambulatory 24-hour blood pressure measurements (ABPM) of employees from different work places were recorded at the work place on working days. Recurrent ABPM were performed for up to 5 years on 3448 subjects (mean age 44.6 years) who gave consent for follow-up. Subjects with hypertension were told to consult their family doctor so that they could receive antihypertensive treatment (the angiotensin receptor blocker eprosartan, an ACE-inhibitor or a beta-blocker were recommended for initial treatment). Subjects were classified as being in mental strain (stress-positive [stress+]/ stress-negative [stress-]), using standardized questionnaires.


RESULTS
Only 1242 (36.0%) of the 3448 employees (69.% males) were normotensives. Only 166 (7.5%) of the 2206 hypertensives had normal ABPMs (<135/85 mmHg) and received antihypertensive treatment at the time of inclusion into the trial. During follow-up 57.8% of patients were treated with eprosartan or ACE-inhibitors, 34.6% with beta-blockers. By the time of the final visit 80.5% of hypertensives had achieved improvement of systolic and/or diastolic blood pressures (29.1% normotensive). Patients with hypertensive ABPM at baseline had more cardiovascular events than normotensives (normotensives 3.0%; grade 1 7.8%, grade 2-3 9.8%). Hypertensive ABPMs at the last follow up or an increase in blood pressure grade were associated with higher event rates than normotensives (stable normotensives 1.8% events vs. stable hypertensives 7.9%, vs. worsening or grade 2-3: 9.1%) More hypertensives were classified as stress+ than normotensives. Persons classified as stress- (or changing to stress-) had fewer events (6.2%) than those regarded as stress+ or changing to stress+ (7.1%). Persons regarded as stable stress- had lower mean blood pressures than those who were stable stress+. Change to another stress group was associated with an increase or decrease of mean blood pressure.


CONCLUSIONS
Many employed people are hypertensive at work and are not treated adequately. ABPM control and antihypertensive treatment based on eprosartan, ACE-inhibitors or beta-blockers resulted in a significant increase in the number of patients with lower blood-pressure levels and a reduction in cardiovascular events. Patients under mental strain were more likely to be hypertensive. Mental strain was associated with changes in blood pressure.
Lüders
S
S
Medizinische Klinik, St.-Josefs-Hospital, Cloppenburg. s.lueders@kh-clp.de
Hammersen
F
F
Kulschewski
A
A
Frerichs
A
A
Frieg
R
R
Hahnheiser
D
D
Reich
G
G
Schnieders
M
M
Schrandt
G
G
Schrader
J
J
D000179:Acrylates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017132:Workplace / Q000523:psychology
D000179:Acrylates; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D007093:Imidazoles; D013876:Thiophenes; C068373:eprosartan