title: Breast cancer in Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma survivors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Better therapeutic approaches for patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) resulted in high cure rates, at cost of serious late side effects. Second primary tumours are a major concern for long-term survivors, and breast cancer (BC) is the most common solid tumour among women treated for HD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-three women treated for primary BC with previous history of malignant lymphoma were identified in our institution, 35 with HD (66%), 18 (34%) with NHL. A comparison group was randomly selected from our database matching for each patient with previous lymphoma, two patients with primary BC (rate 1 : 2) for age, stage (pathological tumour size [pT] status and nodal status), year of diagnosis, and estrogen and progesterone status (positive versus negative). The primary end points were disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two groups of patients were compared for biological features: histopathological diagnosis, grading, lymphatic invasion, c-erbB2 overexpression, and Ki-67. Considering these variables, no significant differences were observed between the two groups with the exception of Ki-67, which was found higher in those with previous HD or NHL (65% versus 49%, respectively, P = 0.0526, borderline significant). Comparing the two groups for treatment approach, no differences were found for surgical and medical therapy (endocrine therapy and chemotherapy). However, regarding patients with node-positive disease (14 versus 35 patients), five patients in the lymphoma group (36%), compared with 24 (69%) in the matched group received anthracycline-based therapy (P = 0.0345). As expected, radiotherapy was used very differently in the two groups, with 36% of patients in the study group undergoing intraoperative radiotherapy with electrons versus 10% in the control group (P = 0.0001). Five-year DFS was 54.5% for the study cohort compared with 91% for controls (P < 0.0001). Five-year OS percentages were also statistically different (86.6% and 98.6%, respectively, P = 0.031).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Previous history of malignant lymphoma is a negative prognostic factor for women diagnosed subsequently with BC. Some undertreatment of women with the latter might be hypothesised as the reason for the worse outcome. Influence of other variables, like previous exposure to cytotoxics, or some unknown biological features related to the previous disease and treatment, should still be investigated in the attempt to improve the dire outcome of these patients.
authors.affiliation: European Institute of Oncology, Medical Oncology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy. giuseppina.sanna@ieo.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sanna
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lorizzo
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rotmensz
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bagnardi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cinieri
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Colleoni
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nolè
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goldhirsch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D017741:Survivors