The anti-inflammatory effect of Gigukjiwhangwhangami through the inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB activation in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with cerebral infarction.
The Korean genuine medicine "Gigukjiwhangwhangami (GJWGM)" has long been used for various cerebrovascular diseases. However, the exact mechanism that accounts for the anti-inflammatory effect of GJWGM is not completely understood. The aim of the present study is to elucidate how GJWGM modulates the inflammatory reaction in lipopolysaccaride (LPS)-stimulated peripheral mononuclear cells from patients with cerebral infarction. Production of cytokine was measured by the ELISA and RT-PCR method. The level of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)/Rel A protein and NF-kappaB DNA binding activity were determined by the Western blot analysis and TF-EIA method. We showed that GJWGM inhibited the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 induced by LPS in dose dependent manner (p<0.05). Maximal inhibition rate of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 production by GJWGM was about 54.34%, 41.37%, 44.04%, and 54.46%, respectively. GJWGM inhibited the TNF-alpha and IL-8 mRNA expression. In addition, we showed that the inhibitory mechanism of GJWGM is through the suppression of NF-kappaB pathway. Our study suggests that an important molecular mechanism by GJWGM reduce inflammation, which may explain its beneficial effect in the regulation of inflammatory reactions.
Kim
Su-Jin
SJ
College of Oriental Medicine, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Jeong
Hyun-Ja
HJ
Moon
Phil-Dong
PD
Lee
Kang-Min
KM
Lee
Min-Gu
MG
Moon
Byung-Soon
BS
An
Nyeon-Hyoung
NH
Hong
Seung-Heon
SH
Na
Ho-Jeong
HJ
Jeon
Hoon
H
Kim
Hyung-Min
HM
Um
Jae-Young
JY
D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D029001:Herbal Medicine; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007723:Korea; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008518:Medicine, East Asian Traditional; D008875:Middle Aged; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D007378:Interleukins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha