title: Factors affecting use of fluorescent agents in identification of resin-based polymers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study is a compilation of methodologies developed in order to evaluate the effects of addition of a fluorescent agent, rhodamine B, to resin-based materials. The intent of the work was to develop a systematic methodology that accounts for variables not shown to be of concern in past testing, but may significantly affect interpretation of the resulting images and material properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  Different methodologies were specifically developed to evaluate factors affecting the use of the fluorescent agent rhodamine B in the identification of resin-based materials. The influence of dye concentration was evaluated with respect to adhesive polymerization reaction kinetics and bond strength of the resin into which the dye is added. The pH of the dye-solvent solution was also considered. Additionally, the mass and percentage of rhodamine B leached into different media over time was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was demonstrated that a specific dye must be used with caution, and the concentration of a fluorescent agent is important with respect to both the conversion and bond strength of the resin to which the dye is added. An alcohol-based dye solution also produced an extremely high amount of dye leaching from polymerized specimens. The adhesive pH was not altered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The standardized methodology developed here to analyze restoration interfaces using a fluorescent dye can lessen the impact of variables when interpreting results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo H P
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: D'Alpino
authors.forename: José C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Nádia R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Svizero
authors.forename: Frederick A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Rueggeberg
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Pashley
mesh_terms: D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D004058:Diffusion; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D008422:Materials Testing; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D012235:Rhodamines / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D011108:Polymers; D012235:Rhodamines; D012997:Solvents; D000431:Ethanol; C029773:rhodamine B