title: Gravity replacement during running in simulated microgravity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During treadmill exercise on the International Space Station (ISS), a restoring load from a subject load device (SLD) is applied through a shoulder-and-waist harness to pull the exercising crewmember toward the treadmill surface. The capacity of this arrangement to provide 1-g-like reaction forces may be critical for effective use of the treadmill as a countermeasure to musculoskeletal changes during prolonged spaceflight. This study in simulated microgravity evaluated the comfort and function during running of the ISS harness used with a new SLD in a system that allows more even distribution of the load between the waist and shoulders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a zero-gravity locomotion simulator, 12 subjects completed three 5-min running trials at a constant speed (3.35 m x s(-1)) using three SLD loads [50%, 75%, and 100% of bodyweight (BW)] presented at random and a shoulder-to-waist loading ratio of 50:50. Subjective ratings of discomfort, ground reaction forces (GRFs), and SLD loads were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A load of 100% BW resulted in similar GRF profiles (peak and rate of change of force) to those reported for 1-g running over ground and were also comfortably tolerated (mean Borg scale rating 3.9/10).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With an appropriate harness and SLD system, 1-g-like GRF profiles can be generated at the feet during simulated microgravity running. Such forces can be achieved with a level of discomfort rated better than "somewhat uncomfortable," suggesting that running with 1-g loads could be an effective component of musculoskeletal countermeasures during long-duration spaceflight.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. genck@ccf.org
authors.forename: Kerim O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Genc
authors.forename: Vince E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Mandes
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Cavanagh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D013026:Space Flight; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology; D018544:Weightlessness Countermeasures; D018474:Weightlessness Simulation