title: Analysis of the XRCC1 gene as a modifier of the cerebral response in ischemic stroke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although there have been studies of the genetic risk factors in the development of stroke, there have been few investigations of role of genes in the cerebral response to ischemia. The brain responds to ischemia in a series of reactions that ultimately influence the volume of a stroke that, in general, correlates with disability. We hypothesize that polymorphisms in genes encoding proteins involved in these reactions could act as modifiers of this response and impact stroke volume. One of the pathways participating in the cerebral ischemic response involves reactive oxygen species which can cause oxidative damage to nucleic acids. DNA repair mechanisms are in place to protect against such damage and imply a role for DNA repair genes in the response of the brain to ischemia and are potential candidate genes for further investigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied two common polymorphisms in the DNA repair gene, XRCC1, C26304T and G28152A, in 134 well characterized patients with non lacunar ischemic strokes. We also performed a case control association study with 113 control patients to assess whether these variants represent risk factors in the development of ischemic stroke.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Independent of etiology, the "T" allele of the C26304T polymorphism is significantly associated with larger stroke volumes (T-test analysis, p < 0.044; multivariate regression analysis, beta = 0.23, p < 0.008). In the case control association study, we found that neither of these polymorphisms represented a risk factor for the development of stroke.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests a major gene effect of the "T" allele of the C26304T polymorphism modulating the cerebral response to ischemia in non lacunar ischemic stroke.
authors.affiliation: New Jersey Neuroscience Institute, 65 James Street, Edison, New Jersey 08818, USA. dutracacd@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ana V C
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Dutra
authors.forename: Hsiu-Fen
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Suh-Hang H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Juo
authors.forename: Harvey
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mohrenweiser
authors.forename: Souvik
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.forename: Raji P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Grewal
mesh_terms: D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000235:genetics*; D000076105:X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D000076105:X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1; C000619371:XRCC1 protein, human