title: Association between the metabolic syndrome and its components and gait speed among U.S. adults aged 50 years and older: a cross-sectional analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To examine the relationship between the metabolic syndrome and its components and gait speed among older U.S. men and women. Whether these associations are independent of physical activity was also explored.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight hundred and thirty-five men and 850 women aged > or =50 years from the continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002 were examined. We used the definition of the metabolic syndrome developed by the U.S. National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Gait speed was measured with a 6.10-meter timed walk examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 40.2% in men and 45.6% in women (P = .127). The prevalence of gait speed impairment was 29.3% in men and 12.5% in women (P < .001). No association was found between the metabolic syndrome and gait speed impairment. After including the individual components of the metabolic syndrome in a logistic model adjusted for age and leisure-time physical activity, abdominal obesity, low HDL cholesterol, and high fasting glucose were significantly associated with gait speed impairment among women (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.26 to 0.89; AOR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.08 to 4.75; and AOR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.12 to 3.74, respectively). Further adjustment for race/ethnicity, education, smoking status, alcohol consumption, arthritis status, and use of an assistive device attenuated these associations; among women, abdominal obesity and low HDL cholesterol remained significantly associated with gait speed impairment (AOR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.18 to 0.76 and AOR = 2.45, 95% CI = 1.07 to 5.63, respectively) while the association between hyperglycemia and impaired gait speed attenuated to nonsignificance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among women, gait speed impairment is associated with low HDL cholesterol and inversely with abdominal obesity. These associations may be sex-dependent and warrant further research.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. COkoro@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Catherine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Okoro
authors.forename: Yuna
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Earl S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: Lina S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Balluz
authors.forename: Tara W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Strine
authors.forename: Ali H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Mokdad
mesh_terms: D050153:Abdominal Fat / Q000503:physiopathology; D000054:Acceleration; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D020235:Gait Apraxia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL