Complications and risk factors in transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies.
OBJECTIVE
Prostate biopsy is not a procedure without risk. There is concern about major complications and which antibiotics are best for routine use before these biopsies. The objective was to determine the rate of complications and the possible risk factors in prostate biopsies.


METHODS
Prospective study, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu.


METHODS
Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostate biopsies were carried out in 174 patients presenting either abnormality in digital rectal examinations (DRE) or levels higher than 4 ng/ml in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests, or both.


RESULTS
Hemorrhagic complications were the most common (75.3%), while infectious complications occurred in 19% of the cases. Hematuria was the most frequent type (56%). Urinary tract infection (UTI) occurred in 16 patients (9.2%). Sepsis was observed in three patients (1.7%). The presence of an indwelling catheter was a risk factor for infectious complications (p < 0.05). Higher numbers of biopsies correlated with hematuria, rectal bleeding and infectious complications (p < 0.05). The other conditions investigated did not correlate with post-biopsy complications.


CONCLUSIONS
Post-biopsy complications were mostly self-limiting. The rate of major complications was low, thus showing that TRUS guided prostate biopsy was safe and effective. Higher numbers of fragments taken in biopsies correlated with hematuria, rectal bleeding and infectious complications. An indwelling catheter represented a risk factor for infectious complications. The use of aspirin was not an absolute contraindication for TRUS.
de Jesus
Carlos Márcio Nóbrega
CM
Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. marcio@fmb.unesp.br
Corrêa
Luiz Antônio
LA
Padovani
Carlos Roberto
CR
D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D006417:Hematuria / Q000209:etiology; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011467:Prostate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000209:etiology