title: Proportion of complications in patients practicing clean intermittent self-catheterization (CISC) vs indwelling catheter.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the complications especially infection in two groups; group-A: those performing clean intermittent self-catheterization (CISC) and group-B: patients with indwelling catheters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparative study, conducted at Department of Urology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi. A total of 80 patients with ages between 15 - 80 years were studied. There were 40 patients in each group comprising of 35 males and 5 females in group-A and 38 males and 2 females in group-B. Group-A patients were mainly those with neurogenic bladder (n = 25) and postoperative cases of stricture. While in indwelling group 35 patients had neurogenic bladder with the remaining (n = 5) having benign prostatic hypertrophy. Group-A performed CISC 1-4 times/24 hours depending on the primary disease while in group-B fortnightly catheter change was done under aseptic conditions. Symptomatic infections were taken into consideration in both the groups proven by urine C/S.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Symptomatic infections as pyelonephritis, epididymorchitis and urosepsis occurred in both groups. In group-A 2 (5%) patients developed pyelonephritis as compared to 10 (25%) in group-B (P value 0.01). Epididymorchitis and urosepsis occurred in 1 (2.5%) and 0 patients in group-A while 3 (7%) and 2 (5%) patients in group-B. Statistically significant infection (pyelonephritis) occurred in group-B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CISC is much safer practice with less complications and infection rate than indwelling catheters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Transplantation, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi.
authors.forename: Mubasher H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Turi
authors.forename: Shahbaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hanif
authors.forename: Qazi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fasih
authors.forename: Masood A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Shaikh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D017053:Infection Control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011704:Pyelonephritis / Q000209:etiology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012648:Self Care; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000209:etiology; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects*