title: A comparison of oral midazolam and nitrous oxide sedation for dental extractions in children.
abstract: The aim of the study was to compare oral midazolam and inhaled nitrous oxide as sedative agents during the management of children aged 5-10 years presenting for extraction of primary teeth under local anaesthetic. Subjects required two visits for the extraction of four primary teeth, one in each quadrant of the mouth, and were randomly allocated to be given nitrous oxide 30% in oxygen or oral midazolam 0.3 mg.kg(-1) at the first visit, the other technique being used at the second visit. Vital signs, sedation levels and behavioural scores were recorded, and postoperative recall and satisfaction were reported by the patients. Thirty-five children, with a mean [range] age of 7.4 [5-10] years, completed the treatment. The mean dose of oral midazolam given was 8.6 [3.3-16.5] mg. The mean times taken to achieve the maximum level of sedation for midazolam and nitrous oxide sedation were 15.9 [2-30] min and 6.8 [2-10] min, respectively. Physiological parameters remained within acceptable clinical limits for both types of sedation. Oral midazolam was considered acceptable by 59% and was preferred by 36%. Oral midazolam sedation in 5 to 10-year-old children was shown to be as safe and effective as nitrous oxide in oxygen sedation for extraction of primary teeth but would not be the method of choice for all patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sedation, Newcastle School of Dental Sciences and Dental Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. katherine.wilson@ncl.ac.uk
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Girdler
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Welbury
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000187:drug effects; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D008874:Midazolam