Intoxication-related fatalities in northern Germany.
BACKGROUND
Knowing what substances cause death in intoxicated patients is of medical, legal, and political relevance. Harmonized data documentation like TESS (Toxic Exposure Surveillance System) in the United States does not exist yet in Germany. However, the GIZ-Nord Poison Center in Göttingen issues an annual report that includes fatalities. The aim of this study was to obtain an overview of the substances resulting in fatal poisoning and to define risk factors.


METHODS
In a retrospective study, all fatalities due to poisoning from January 1996 until March 2003 were analyzed.


RESULTS
From 1996 to 2003, the GIZ-Nord Poison Center was consulted in 168,000 cases. There were 142 fatalities due to poisoning (0.08% of all consultations). In 79 cases, the lethal substance was a medical drug, mostly tricyclic antidepressants and cardiovascular drugs. Two immigrants of German origin from the former Soviet Union died after consuming Amanita mushrooms. Five elderly, disorientated patients died of respiratory failure due to aspiration of detergent products from soap or shampoo.


CONCLUSIONS
Three groups of patients with a high risk of dying from intoxication can be defined: (1) suicidal patients with access to tricyclic antidepressants or cardiovascular drugs, (2) immigrants from the former Soviet Union who mistake toxic German mushrooms for edible species, and (3) elderly, disorientated patients who ingest large amounts of soap or shampoo.
Schaper
Andreas
A
GIZ-Nord Poison Center of the Federal States of Bremen, Hamburg, Lower Saxony, and Schleswig-Holstein, Georg August University, University Hospital, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37099 Göttingen, Germany.
Renneberg
Babette
B
Desel
Herbert
H
Langer
Claus
C