title: Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) polymorphisms and development of renal dysfunction in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 76.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Identification of variants predicting development of renal dysfunction would offer substantial clinical benefits. There is evidence that coding non-synonymous variants in the gene encoding paraoxonase 2 (PON2) are associated with nephropathy in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the relationship between variation at the C311S and A148G polymorphisms (together with PON2 intronic variant rs12704795) and indices of renal dysfunction (progression to micro- and macroalbuminuria, plasma creatinine increases) in 3,374 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects from the UK Prospective Diabetes Study followed prospectively (median 14.0 years), using proportional hazards models, adjusted for sex, ethnicity and other known or putative risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  rs12704795 genotypes were associated with differing rates of development of microalbuminuria (relative risk [RR] for CC vs AA homozygotes 0.68 [95% CI 0.54-0.87], p=0.002) but not other measures of worsening renal function. Heterozygotes for C311S were more likely to develop microalbuminuria (RR=1.31 [95% CI 1.11-1.54], p=0.001) but less likely to double creatinine levels during follow-up (RR=0.49 [95% CI 0.27-0.89], p=0.02). There was no corroboration of this latter association for related outcomes and no prior evidence supports heterosis effects at this locus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the PON2 variants typed in this study have, at best, a small effect on the risk of renal dysfunction in type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Pfizer Global Research & Development, Groton, CT, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Calle
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zeggini
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Cull
authors.forename: K I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Thorne
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wiltshire
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Terra
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Richmond
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mancuso
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Milos
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fryburg
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Holman
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000235:genetics; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000235:genetics*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase