title: Threatened and endangered species: at what cost? The corps of engineers looks at expenditures and priorities.
abstract: Current political conditions, primarily budgetary uncertainty, and the related reluctance to make funding commitments for future generations, have raised questions about the costs of conservation and environmental protection that have not previously been asked. As Federal investments are scrutinized and budgets become ever more constrained, the costs associated with environmental requirements could begin to be of greater importance and to influence decisions on Federal projects. In response to concerns about the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) spending under the Endangered Species Act (P.L. 93-205) (ESA), a limited investigation was performed to determine the accuracy of reported Corps expenditures. The investigation showed that, for particular groups of species, actual conservation costs for threatened and endangered species may be twice the amounts previously reported in the annual ESA expenditure reporting to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. In light of this finding, the Corps has sought a means to provide more accurate and consistent reporting of expenditures for addressing threatened and endangered species. A Species Costs Template (template) has been developed to identify the types and magnitude of costs related to the ESA and to counteract the impediments (legal, institutional, and practical) to underreporting costs. The template will be used by the Corps for reporting ESA costs beginning with Fiscal Year 2005 (FY05) (reported in January 2006). Five broad categories of expenditures (effects determination costs, ESA protection and conservation costs, equipment costs, opportunity costs, and other species costs) are identified by the template.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Lab, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi, 39180-0699, USA. jim.e.henderson@erdc.usace.army.mil
authors.forename: Jim E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D044822:Biodiversity; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D004463:Ecology; D033161:Government Regulation; D005102:Health Expenditures; D006801:Humans; D011157:Population Dynamics; D011640:Public Policy