title: The gibberellin-induced, cysteine-rich protein GIP2 from Petunia hybrida exhibits in planta antioxidant activity.
abstract: Numerous GAST-like genes have been identified in various plant species. All code for small proteins with a conserved C-terminal region in which 12 cysteines are located in exactly the same positions. We have previously identified five gibberellin (GA)-induced GAST1-like genes in petunia, GIP1-5. GIP2 is expressed in elongating zones, and its suppression in transgenic petunia plants inhibits stem elongation, suggesting a role for the protein in GA-induced cell growth. However, nothing is known about the biochemical activity of GIP2 or any other GAST-like protein. As all contain putative catalytic disulfide bonds (putative redox-active cysteines), we speculated that they might be involved in redox regulation. Expression analysis of GIP2, GIP4 and GIP5 revealed that they are induced by H(2)O(2). To study whether GIP2 modulates H(2)O(2) levels, we generated transgenic petunia plants expressing GIP2 under the regulation of the ubiquitous CaMV 35S promoter. The transgene reduced H(2)O(2) levels in leaves following wounding. It also reduced the levels of H(2)O(2) in guard cells following osmotic stress and ABA treatments, leading to the suppression of stomatal closure. In addition, the transgene promoted stem and corolla elongation. As reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in cell elongation, we suggest that GIP2 affects growth by regulating the levels of ROS. As all known GAST-like proteins contain putative redox-active cysteines, they may all act as antioxidants.
authors.affiliation: The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
authors.forename: Noa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wigoda
authors.forename: Gili
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ben-Nissan
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Granot
authors.forename: Amnon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D003545:Cysteine / Q000032:analysis*; D035264:Flowers / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D005875:Gibberellins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D032306:Petunia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005875:Gibberellins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D014867:Water; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D003545:Cysteine