title: Relative toxicity of dinophysistoxin-2 (DTX-2) compared with okadaic acid, based on acute intraperitoneal toxicity in mice.
abstract: When substituting the mouse bioassay for lipophilic marine algal toxins in shellfish with analytical methods, science based factors of relative toxicity for all analogues that contribute to health risk to consumers are necessary. The aim of this paper is to establish the relative intraperitoneal toxicity of dinophysistoxin-2 (DTX-2) compared with okadaic acid (OA). The study was performed as an open, randomised parallel group trial with a four level response surface design within each of the two parallels. In accordance with the response surface design model, the LD50 for DTX-2 and OA was 338 and 206 microg/kg, respectively. By use of common regression analysis, the LD50 of DTX-2 and OA were estimated to 352 microg/kg and 204 microg/kg, respectively. The deviations between the LD50 estimates by the two methods was 4% for DTX-2 and less than 1% for OA. Taken together, these results indicate that the relative toxicity of DTX-2 is about 0.6, compared to OA. Results from the PP2A assay correspond very well with the results obtained by the mouse bioassay. The IC50 concentrations for DTX-2 and OA were 5.94 and 2.81 ng/mL, respectively. This indicates that OA is about twice as toxic as DTX-2. Since inhibition of PP2A is acknowledged as the main mechanism of toxicity of the OA group toxins, this supports the establishment of a relative toxicity factor of DTX-2 of 0.6 compared with OA.
authors.affiliation: Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, P. O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway. tore.aune@veths.no
authors.forename: Tore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aune
authors.forename: Stig
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: John A B
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Aasen
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rehmann
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Satake
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hess
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004141:Dinoflagellida; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D019319:Okadaic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011714:Pyrans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D012758:Shellfish
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008387:Marine Toxins; D011714:Pyrans; D019319:Okadaic Acid; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; C076221:dinophysistoxin 2