title: No association between CART (cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript) gene and methamphetamine dependence.
abstract: Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) was originally discovered as a peptide that increased in the rat striatum after injection of a psychostimulant drug, such as cocaine or amphetamine, and is suggested to play potential roles in drug dependence. We tested the genetic association between the CART gene and methamphetamine (METH) dependence and/or psychosis. The subjects were 203 patients with METH dependence and 239 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the CART gene, -156A>G and IVS1 + 224G>A, were examined . There were no significant differences in genotype and allele distributions of the polymorphisms between patients with METH dependence and/or psychosis and controls. Neither were significant differences in subgroups of clinical phenotypes, for example, age at first consumption of METH, latency to onset of psychotic symptoms after the first consumption of METH, prognosis of psychosis after therapy, complication of spontaneous relapse to a psychotic state, or multisubstance abuse status, observed. The present findings suggest that the CART gene may not play a pivotal role in the development of METH dependence and psychosis, at least in a Japanese population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morio
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ujike
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Otani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kishimoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harano
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Komiyama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sekine
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iyo
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sora
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuroda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011605:Psychoses, Substance-Induced / Q000235:genetics; D000098882:Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Protein
chemical_list: D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D000098882:Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Protein