title: CO-alkene polymers are biocompatible scaffolds for primary urothelial cells in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate CO-alkene polymers, novel synthetic nonbiodegradable polymers, as a potential biomaterial for urological applications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Porcine urothelial cells were seeded on cover glasses (96 wells; 10 000 cells/well) coated with CO-alkene polymers [propylene/N-Acetyl-O'-(hex-5-enyl)-l-tyrosine ethyl ester/CO (PTCO) and hexene-CO (HxCO)]. The following conditions were investigated: cells seeded; (i) on PTCO, (ii) on HxCO, (iii) in PTCO-conditioned medium, (iv) in HxCO-conditioned medium, (v) on glass without polymers, (vi) on polystyrene, and (vii) on polystyrene treated with 1.25% NaCl (toxic control). Cell counts, cell death detection assay, and a cell activity assay (XTT, a tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay) were performed after 3, 6 and 9 days. Urothelial-cell seeded-PTCO films (0.5 x 10(6) cells/cm(2)) were implanted into the subcutaneous space of athymic mice for up to 12 weeks and unseeded PTCO polymers were implanted as a negative control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The urothelial cell adherence rates on the polymers were similar to those for glass and polystyrene. The cell activity (XTT assay) was higher in cells seeded on the polymers than in cells seeded on polystyrene and glass after 3 and 6 days. There were no significant differences between the apoptosis rates of all groups at the given sample times, except for the high levels in the toxic control. In vivo the urothelial cells survived on the polymers for 12 weeks with no adverse reactions in any of the mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CO-alkene polymers are biocompatible materials for urothelial cells in vitro and in vivo, and thus are potential biomaterials for the urogenital tract.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany. georg.bartsch@uniklinik-ulm.de
authors.forename: Georg C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Bartsch
authors.forename: Violeta
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Malinova
authors.forename: Bjoern E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Volkmer
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hautmann
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rieger
mesh_terms: D000475:Alkenes; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D011108:Polymers; D013552:Swine; D019459:Urothelium / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D000475:Alkenes; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011108:Polymers