title: Genetic improvement of the somatic embryogenesis and regeneration in soybean and transformation of the improved breeding lines.
abstract: Somatic embryos of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] have been used to generate transgenic plants by particle bombardment. The induction and proliferation of somatic embryos from immature cotyledons are dependent on the genotype of the cultivar. Whereas somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration are inefficient in most cultivars, they are efficient in the cultivar Jack. We previously established a breeding line, QF2, by the integration of null mutations of each subunit of the major seed storage proteins glycinin and beta-conglycinin, but the embryogenic response of this line is insufficient to allow efficient transformation. We have now backcrossed QF2 to cultivar Jack in order to combine the null traits with competence for somatic embryogenesis. The backcrossed breeding lines selected on the basis of the absence of the major storage proteins exhibited an improved capacity for the induction and proliferation of somatic embryos compared with that of QF2. The induced somatic embryogenic tissue of these breeding lines was successfully used for the production of transgenic plants by particle bombardment. These results also indicate that somatic embryogenesis in soybean is genetically controlled and inherited in a manner independent of the null traits of the major seed storage proteins.
authors.affiliation: Ehime Women's College, 421 Ibuki, Uwajima, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kita
authors.forename: Keito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitayama
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishimoto
mesh_terms: D052179:Antigens, Plant; D001947:Breeding / Q000379:methods; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D018548:Cotyledon / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D005916:Globulins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015151:Immunoblotting; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D012038:Regeneration; D055314:Seed Storage Proteins; D012639:Seeds / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D030262:Soybean Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013025:Glycine max / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D052179:Antigens, Plant; D005916:Globulins; D055314:Seed Storage Proteins; D030262:Soybean Proteins; C013894:beta-conglycinin protein, Glycine max; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; C011474:glycinin