title: PET measurement of cardiac and nigrostriatal denervation in Parkinsonian syndromes.
abstract: Scintigraphic imaging with (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine ((123)I-MIBG) has demonstrated extensive losses of cardiac sympathetic neurons in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). In contrast, normal cardiac innervation has been observed in (123)I-MIBG studies of multiple-system atrophy (MSA) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Consequently, it has been hypothesized that cardiac denervation can be used to differentiate IPD from MSA and PSP. We sought to test this hypothesis by mapping the distribution of cardiac sympathetic neurons in patients with IPD, MSA, and PSP by using PET and (11)C-meta-hydroxyephedrine ((11)C-HED). Also, the relationship between cardiac denervation and nigrostriatal denervation was investigated by measuring striatal presynaptic monoaminergic nerve density with PET and (11)C-dihydrotetrabenazine ((11)C-DTBZ).
  
  
  METHODS
  (11)C-HED and (11)C-DTBZ scans were obtained for patients with IPD (n = 9), MSA (n = 10), and PSP (n = 8) and for age-matched control subjects (n = 10). Global and regional measurements of (11)C-HED retention were obtained to assess the extent of cardiac sympathetic denervation. (11)C-DTBZ binding was measured in the caudate nucleus, anterior putamen, and posterior putamen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As expected, extensive cardiac denervation was observed in several of the patients with IPD. However, substantial cardiac denervation was also seen in some patients with MSA and PSP. (11)C-DTBZ studies demonstrated striatal denervation in all patients with IPD and in most patients with MSA and PSP. No correlation was found between cardiac (11)C-HED retention and striatal (11)C-DTBZ binding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiac sympathetic denervation was found to occur not only in IPD but also in other movement disorders, such as MSA and PSP. This finding implies that scintigraphic detection of cardiac sympathetic denervation cannot be used independently to discriminate IPD from other movement disorders, such as MSA and PSP. Cardiac sympathetic denervation was not correlated with striatal denervation, suggesting that the pathophysiologic processes underlying cardiac denervation and striatal denervation occur independently in patients with parkinsonian syndromes. These findings provide novel information about central and peripheral denervation in patients with neurodegenerative disorders.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. raffel@umich.edu
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Raffel
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Koeppe
authors.forename: Roderick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: Chia-Ning
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Suyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Junck
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heumann
authors.forename: Sid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gilman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001284:Atrophy; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000294:innervation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000473:pathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D011699:Putamen / Q000378:metabolism; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging / Q000379:methods