title: CYP2D6 genotype and phenotype relationship in South Indians.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genotypes of the drug-metabolizing enzyme CYP2D6 influence plasma levels of 25% of commonly prescribed drugs. This is the first study in India to investigate the genotype-phenotype relationship of CYP2D6.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the influence of some CYP2D6 genotypes on the metabolism of its substrate dextromethorphan in healthy South Indian volunteers and to assess the contribution of the CYP2D6*10 and CYP2D6*4 alleles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six subjects from a previous CYP2D6 genotyping study of healthy volunteers were included for phenotyping in this study. Selected volunteers belonged to any one of three genotype groups:Group I - two normal activity alleles, Group II - one reduced activity allele and one normal activity allele and Group III - one loss of function allele along with either a wild type or reduced activity allele. Volunteers were phenotyped for the CYP2D6 enzyme using dextromethorphan as probe drug. Concentrations of the parent drug and metabolite dextrorphan were estimated using high performance liquid chromatography. Metabolic ratios were calculated as the ratio of parent drug to metabolite in 0-8h urine samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  Metabolic ratios from each genotype group were compared using the Mann-Whitney test at 5% significance, to observe their difference between genotype groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean metabolic ratios+/-SD in Groups I, II and III were 0.0039+/-0.0031, 0.0032+/-0.0017 and 0.0391+/-0.0331 respectively. The mean metabolic ratio of Group III was significantly higher when compared with Groups I or II. In heterozygous individuals, the *1 or *2 alleles compensated for the reduced enzyme activity due to the *10 allele. However, if a heterozygous individual had a *4 allele, the reduced enzyme activity could not be compensated by the *1 or *2 alleles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CYP2D6 enzyme activity was found to be decreased in individuals carrying *4 or *5 alleles. The *1 or *2 allele could compensate for the reduced function due to *10 allele, but not for the loss of function due to *4 allele.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, JIPMER, Pondicherry - 605 006, India.
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Naveen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Prasanna
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Farzana
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajan
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Adithan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000378:metabolism*; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 / Q000235:genetics*; D003915:Dextromethorphan / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D003915:Dextromethorphan; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6