title: The smoking Stroop and delay discounting in smokers: effects of environmental smoking cues.
abstract: We investigated the effects of exposure to environmental smoking-related cues (holding a lit cigarette in an environment previously associated with smoking) on cigarette craving, colour naming of smoking-related words in a modified Stroop task, and on the delay discounting of hypothetical rewards, in daily cigarette smokers (N = 30). Compared to exposure to neutral cues, exposure to smoking-related cues was associated with increased cigarette craving and slower colour naming of smoking-related compared to matched control words. However, smoking cues had no effect on delay discounting. These results suggest that smoking cues increase craving and the ability of smoking-related words to grab the attention, but do not influence impulsive decision-making. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool, UK. mfield@liverpool.ac.uk
authors.forename: Matt
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Field
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rush
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goudie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D016739:Behavior, Addictive; D003463:Cues; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011930:Reaction Time; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D014040:Token Economy