title: Lymphomas involving the pleura: a clinicopathologic study of 34 cases diagnosed by pleural biopsy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pleural involvement by lymphoma is relatively common. However, there are very few clinicopathologic studies reported in the literature of lymphomas involving the pleura.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the clinicopathologic features of lymphomas involving the pleura.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the clinicopathologic features of 34 patients with lymphoma involving the pleura proven by biopsy and classified these neoplasms using the World Health Organization classification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 22 men and 12 women, with an average age of 62 years (range, 22-82 years). Nine (26.5%) patients had pleural involvement as the only site of disease, 22 (64.7%) had other sites of involvement, and 3 (8.8%) had inadequate staging data. Eighteen (56.2%) of 32 patients with adequate clinical data had a history of lymphoma (including 3 patients with pleural involvement as the only disease site). In 29 (85.3%) cases, a specific diagnosis according to the World Health Organization classification could be made: 17 (58.6%) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 5 (17.2%) follicular lymphoma (including a case with areas of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma), 2 (6.9%) small lymphocytic lymphomas/chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 2 (6.9%) precursor T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia, 1 (3.4%) mantle cell lymphoma, 1 (3.4%) posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder, and 1 (3.4%) classical Hodgkin lymphoma. The other 5 cases were B-cell lymphomas that could not be further classified. Cytologic examination of pleural fluid was performed in 15 cases and was positive for lymphoma in 8 (53.3%) cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most patients with lymphoma involving the pleura have simultaneous evidence of systemic involvement. The most frequent type is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, followed by follicular lymphoma. Cytologic examination can have negative results in patients with pleural involvement by lymphoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vega
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Padula
authors.forename: Jose R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Valbuena
authors.forename: Mirela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stancu
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: L Jeffrey
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Medeiros
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000166:cytology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D015994:Incidence; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000453:epidemiology; D008224:Lymphoma, Follicular / Q000453:epidemiology; D016403:Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000473:pathology; D010994:Pleura / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010997:Pleural Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014944:World Health Organization