title: Cholecystectomy improves long-term success after endoscopic treatment of CBD stones.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to study prospectively primary endoscopic treatment of CBD stones and further the long-term need for renewed gallstone disease interventions, defined as short- and long-term outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven years prospective follow-up of 101 consecutive patients with CBD stones who underwent endoscopic treatment with the intent of primarily achieving duct clearance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Many patients underwent several endoscopy sessions before stone clearance was completed in 83%. Eleven patients were treated surgically, 2 patients received a permanent stent, and the remaining 3 became stone free with other means. Complications occurred in 47 patients. During follow-up, 31 patients were readmitted for gallstone disease and 15 of these had recurrent CBD stones. Ten percent (8/78) of patients with the gallbladder in situ had acute cholecystitis during follow-up and late cholecystectomy was carried out in 22%. Risk factors for new gallstone disease were an in situ gallbladder containing stones and previous episodes of CBD stones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A goal of complete CBD stone clearance with ERC and ES proved to be relatively resource consuming. Subsequent cholecystectomy after duct clearance for CBD should be advised when the gallbladder lodges gallstones, especially in younger patients. Recurrent CBD stones were not influenced by cholecystectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. dhoe@haukeland.no
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hoem
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Viste
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gislason
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Søndenaa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000009:adverse effects; D002763:Cholecystectomy; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D012307:Risk Factors; D016717:Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome