title: Analysis of novel human papillomavirus type 16 late mRNAs in differentiated W12 cervical epithelial cells.
abstract: The life cycle of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) is intimately linked to differentiation of the epithelium it infects, and late events in the life cycle are restricted to the suprabasal layers. Here we have used 5'RACE of polyadenylated RNA isolated from differentiated W12 cells (cervical epithelial cells containing episomal copies of the HPV16 genome) that express virus late proteins to map virus late mRNAs. Thirteen different transcripts were identified. Extensive alternative splicing and use of two late polyadenylation sites were noted. A novel promoter located in the long control region was detected as well as P97 and Plate. Promoters in the E4 and E5 open reading frames were active yielding transcripts where L1 or L2 respectively are the first open reading frames. Finally, mRNAs that could encode novel proteins E6*-- *E7, E6*-- E4, E1--*E4 and E1-- E2C (putative repressor E2) were identified, indicating that HPV16 may encode more late proteins than previously accepted.
authors.affiliation: Rm 2/14 GBRC, IBLS Division of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Steven G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Milligan
authors.forename: Thanaporn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Veerapraditsin
authors.forename: Boolang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ahamet
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mole
authors.forename: Sheila V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Graham
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002584:Cervix Uteri; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D050725:Papillomavirus E7 Proteins; D026723:Polyadenylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C093478:E1 protein, Human papillomavirus 16; C054855:E2 protein, Human papillomavirus type 16; C068651:E6 protein, Human papillomavirus type 16; C063316:L2 protein, Human papillomavirus type 16; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; D050725:Papillomavirus E7 Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; C069119:oncogene protein E4, Human papillomavirus type 16; C059731:oncogene protein E7, Human papillomavirus type 16; C063317:L1 protein, Human papillomavirus type 16; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases