title: Evaluation of denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography as a rapid detection method for identification of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in nonsmall-cell lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Somatic mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene in nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) may predict responsiveness to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. These mutations are commonly identified using DNA sequencing methods. Although considered the gold standard, this approach is time-consuming. In addition, this approach requires large diagnostic specimens and a high ratio of tumor-to-normal-tissue DNA for optimal results. The use of denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (dHPLC) as a method to screen for the 2 predominant EGFR mutations is reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical specimens from 104 NSCLC patients were analyzed for EGFR mutations in exons 19 and 21. After DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), both direct sequencing and dHPLC were performed and the results were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sequencing revealed a total of 7 mutations: 3 deletion mutations in exon 19 and 4 missense mutations in exon 21. dHPLC showed the presence of genomic alterations in 23 samples, including the 7 identified by sequencing plus 16 additional samples (10 in exon 19 and 1 in exon 21). dHPLC fractions were isolated, reamplified, and sequenced to confirm the results. In serial dilution studies, dHPLC was able to detect mutations in samples containing as little as 1.6% to 6.25% mutated DNA, whereas direct sequencing required at least 30%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  dHPLC is an efficient and more sensitive method for screening for genomic alterations in exons 19 and 21 of the EGFR gene compared with direct sequence analysis. These data suggest that dHPLC should be implemented as a screening tool for detection of EGFR mutations.
authors.affiliation: Montreal Center for Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. vcohen@onc.jgh.mcgill.ca
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Jason S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Agulnik
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jarry
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Batist
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Small
authors.forename: Harvey
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kreisman
authors.forename: Neely Adriana
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Tejada
authors.forename: Wilson H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chong
mesh_terms: D001120:Arginine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000235:genetics*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007930:Leucine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D009691:Nucleic Acid Denaturation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D001120:Arginine; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D007930:Leucine