title: Destination of titanium particles detached from titanium plasma sprayed implants.
abstract: Small titanium particles may detach from titanium plasma sprayed (TPS) implants during implant insertion, when no preliminary tapping is used, probably for the frictional force between titanium coating and host bone. Aim of this study was to investigate the destination of these titanium particles observed in the peri-implant environment. Twenty-four TPS screws were implanted in tibiae of two sheep. Fourteen and 90 days after implantation the implants with the surrounding bone were removed and processed to be analyzed by light microscope and scanning electron microscope (secondary electron and back-scattered electron probes). Small titanium particles detached from the unloaded TPS implants were observed both in the newly-formed bone matrix and in marrow tissue. Histomorphometric analysis showed that both at 14 and 90 days after implantation the titanium particles appeared more concentrated in marrow tissue than in calcified bone matrix, decreasing by 66.4% over time. In particular, smaller particles (<250 microm(2)) decreased by 81.5%, whereas the larger ones (250-2000 microm(2)) did not show any significant variations over time, suggesting that most of the smaller particles may undergo to ionic dissolution, probably migrating into the peri-implant marrow lacunae. A slight migration of titanium particles from the implant surface towards the more distant peri-implant tissues was also demonstrated over time.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Anatomiche Umane e Fisiopatologia dell'Apparato Locomotore, Università di Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy. marco.franchi3@unibo.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Franchi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Orsini
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martini
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ottani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giavaresi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giardino
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruggeri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001863:Bone Screws / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D016348:Osseointegration; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012756:Sheep; D013977:Tibia / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000601:surgery* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D014025:Titanium