title: [Chemopreventive effect of tamoxifen combined with celecoxib on DMBA-induced breast cancer in rats].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Breast cancer can be prevented partly by tamoxifen. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is expressed in many kinds of tumors, and correlated to the occurrence and progress of tumors. This study was to evaluate the chemopreventive effect of tamoxifen combined with celecoxib, a COX-2 selective inhibitor, on 7,12-dimethylbenz anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  DMBA was irrigated into the stomach of SD female rats to build breast cancer model. The rats were divided into 4 groups: control group, tamoxifen group, celecoxib group, and combination group; each group contained 30 rats. Tumor occurrence, latency period, number and volume of breast cancer were observed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The tumor occurrence rates in tamoxifen group (48.15%, 13/27) and celecoxib group (50.00%, 14/28) were lower than that in control group (85.71%, 24/28), and higher than that in combination group (21.43%, 6/28). The latency periods of tamoxifen group [(97.54+/-1.85) days] and celecoxib group [(96.79+/-2.89) days] were longer than that of control group [(89.50+/-5.99) days], and shorter than that of combination group [(103.67+/-3.39) days]. The tumor numbers of tamoxifen group (1.77+/-0.73) and celecoxib group (1.71+/-0.61) were less than that of control group (3.50+/-1.62), and more than that of combination group (1.17+/-0.42). The tumor volumes of tamoxifen group [(1.78+/-0.71) cm(3)] and celecoxib group [(2.05+/-1.04) cm(3)] were smaller than that of control group [(6.42+/-3.96) cm(3)], and larger than that of combination group [(0.71+/-0.96) cm(3)]. All differences were significant (P<0.05, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Celecoxib and tamoxifen could effectively prevent the occurrence of DMBA-induced breast cancer in rats; the combination of them has better chemopreventive effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncologic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medcine, Xioan Jiaotong University, Xioan, Shaanxi, 710004, P. R. China. kanghf73@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Hua-Feng
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Xi-Jing
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiao-Xu
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhi-Jun
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Feng-Jie
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Xing-Huan
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Xue
mesh_terms: D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; D000818:Animals; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068579:Celecoxib; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013629:Tamoxifen; D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; D000068579:Celecoxib