title: Cost-outcome analysis of booster seats for auto occupants aged 4 to 7 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this work was to analyze the societal return on investment in booster seats and in laws requiring their use in the United States. Booster seats reduce crash-related injury. Their use is mandatory for vehicle occupants aged 4 to 7 years in most of the United States. This study estimates the injury cost savings attributable to booster seat use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seat cost came from pricing on the Web and at retailers. Costs of passing and enforcing a legal mandate were estimated as a percentage of the costs of seat use. Injury risk when belted absent a seat was computed from national probability samples of crashes in the last years before booster seats entered into general use (1993-1999). Published estimates were used of the percentage of reduction in injuries achieved with booster seats, the mix of diagnoses reduced, and injury cost by diagnosis. The computations used a 3% discount rate. We studied the net cost per quality-adjusted life year saved, benefit-cost ratio, and net savings per seat.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A booster seat costs 30 dollars plus 167 dollars for maintenance and time spent on installation and use. This investment saves 1854 dollars per seat, a return on investment of 9.4 to 1. Even lower bound estimates in sensitivity analysis indicated that society would benefit from the use of booster seats. Seat laws offer a return of 8.6 to 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Belt-positioning booster seats offer a sound return on investment. Booster seat use laws should be passed, publicized, and enforced nationwide.
authors.affiliation: Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 11710 Beltsville Dr, Suite 125, Calverton, MD 20705, USA. miller@pire.org
authors.forename: Ted R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zaloshnja
authors.forename: Delia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hendrie
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017046:Cost Savings; D006801:Humans; D015370:Infant Equipment / Q000191:economics*