title: Sphingosine 1-phosphate protects ovaries from chemotherapy-induced damage in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), an apoptosis-inhibitor, would be able to protect ovarian follicles from chemotherapy-induced cell death in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty female mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty mice were randomly assigned into three groups: in group A (n = 8), each mouse received an injection of low concentration of S1P (A1: 0.5 mM), prepared in a vehicle (PET) into the bursa of one ovary and a high concentration (A2: 2.0 mM S1P) to the contralateral ovary. In group B (n = 8), only PET was injected to both ovaries. Afterwards, both groups received 100 mug Dacarbazine (Medac, Hamburg, Germany) IV. The control group C (n = 4) received no chemotherapy. After 2 weeks, the ovaries from group C and from 4 mice from group A and B were evaluated histologically. The remaining mice from group A and B were allowed 3 mating attempts at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primordial/primary and pre-/antral follicular density, pregnancy rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chemotherapy caused a significant reduction in the mean number of primordial follicles of mice treated with only PET or with low concentration of S1P (1.86/field of view [C] vs. 1.17 [B] and 0.98 [A1]; P=.006 and P<.0001, respectively) but not in the ovaries treated with high concentration of S1P (2.05/field of view [A2]; P=.918, not significant). Furthermore, three mice (75%) from group A became pregnant at the first mating attempt, in contrast to group B, in which only one mouse (25%) became pregnant and only after the third mating attempt.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Local application of S1P protects ovarian follicles from chemotherapy-induced cell death, thereby preserving fertility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Freiburg School of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hancke
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Strauch
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kissel
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Göbel
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Denschlag
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000009:adverse effects; D003606:Dacarbazine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D008246:Lysophospholipids; C060506:sphingosine 1-phosphate; D003606:Dacarbazine; D013110:Sphingosine