title: Cloning, characterization and expression analysis of pufferfish interleukin-4 cDNA: the first evidence of Th2-type cytokine in fish.
abstract: Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is one of the key cytokines in Th2 mediated immune responses, which has been shown to regulate the responses of many immune cytokines, such as interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and TNF-alpha. Much work on IL-4 has been done in human and several mammal species while little in fish. In this study, we have cloned and characterized the full-length cDNA of IL-4 in Tetraodon. The Tetraodon IL-4 cDNA is 834bp in length and contains a short 5'UTR of 39bp, a 3'UTR of 375bp and an open reading frame of 420bp translating into a protein of 139aa with a predicted molecular mass of 16.131kDa. The Tetraodon IL-4-encoding gene with the same organization as the mammalians and birds consists of four exons and three introns. The encoded protein shows 11-16% identities to other homologues. RT-PCR was optimized to estimate the expression level of IL-4 in Tetraodon. The results showed that IL-4 is constitutively expressed in all selected tissues, including head kidney, spleen, liver, brain, gill, muscle and heart, although low levels were observed in head kidney, spleen, and liver. The ubiquitous expression of IL-4 is consistent with a postulated role in immune cytokines regulation. Stimulating the fish with a mixed stimulant that contained 2 microg ConA, 2 microg PHA, and 2 microg PMA, significantly up-regulated the expression of IL-4 in most tissues examined, which potentially indicated that IL-4 was involved in the immune inflammatory responses triggered by mitogens. This is the first report of cloning and characterization of IL-4 cDNA and gene in fish.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jia-Hui
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jian-Zhong
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Li-Xin
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wen
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D020121:5' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000502:physiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D023721:Tetraodontiformes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D008934:Mitogens; D015847:Interleukin-4