title: [How to draw a conclusion in motherless parentage testing using short tandem repeats as genetic makers].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To calculate the exclusion power of STR loci in motherless parentage testing and to discuss how to draw a conclusion if there are inconsistent loci.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on the law of inheritance and allele frequency, the powers of exclusion of STR loci in motherless parentage testing (PE(M)) were calculated. Based on the mean PE(M) and mutation rate of 13 CODIS loci. The probabilities of inconsistence under paternity and non-paternity were calculated respectively according to binomial theorem.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PE(M) of locus having co-dominate alleles could be calculated as: PE(M) = (i = 1)sigma (n) p i 2(1-p (i))2+ (i < j)sigma (n) 2p (i)p (j)(1-p (i)-p (j))2. According to the formula, the average PE(M) of 13 CODIS was 0.411. Based on the mean PE(M) and mutation rate, the likelihood ratio of true father to random man (paternity index) was got using binomial theorem.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The conclusion in motherless parentage testing could be drawn based on the likelihood ratio (paternity index) derived from mean PE(M) and mutation ratio.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, SUN Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China. zhuyunliang@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Yun-Liang
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yan-Mei
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Xin-Yao
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000483:Alleles; D016010:Binomial Distribution; D053803:Forensic Genetics / Q000379:methods*; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D010334:Paternity; D011336:Probability; D020080:Tandem Repeat Sequences
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers