title: Task-guided selection of the dual neural pathways for reading.
abstract: The visual perception of words is known to activate the auditory representation of their spoken forms automatically. We examined the neural mechanism for this phonological activation using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with a masked priming paradigm. The stimulation sites (left superior temporal gyrus [L-STG] and inferior parietal lobe [L-IPL]), modality of targets (visual and auditory), and task (pronunciation and lexical decision) were manipulated independently. For both within- and cross-modal conditions, the repetition priming during pronunciation was eliminated when TMS was applied to the L-IPL, but not when applied to the L-STG, whereas the priming during lexical decision was eliminated when the L-STG, but not the L-IPL, was stimulated. The observed double dissociation suggests that the conscious task instruction modulates the stimulus-driven activation of the lateral temporal cortex for lexico-phonological activation and the inferior parietal cortex for spoken word production, and thereby engages a different neural network for generating the appropriate behavioral response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. kimihiro@m.u-tokyo.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kimihiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Nobuko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Sid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kouider
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.forename: Ritsuko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hanajima
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ugawa
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D011932:Reading; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*