title: Pulmonary aspiration shown by scintigraphy in gastroesophageal reflux-related respiratory disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) may underlie respiratory manifestations via vagally mediated airway hyperresponsiveness or microaspiration, and intraesophageal pH monitoring is generally used to identify GER in patients with such manifestations. We aimed to establish the frequency of retrograde pulmonary aspiration in patients with unexplained respiratory manifestations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-one patients with refractory respiratory symptoms (cough, n = 18; pneumonia, n = 14; apnea, n = 8; asthma, n = 7; and laryngitis, n = 4) were prospectively evaluated. They underwent 24-h intraesophageal pH monitoring and gastroesophageal 99Tc scintigraphy with lung scan 18 to 20 h after the test meal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen of 51 patients (25.5%) had abnormal intraesophageal pH study results (mean reflux index, 11.3%; range, 6.5 to 50%); and in 25 of 51 patients (49%), overnight scintigraphy showed pulmonary aspiration. Nineteen of these 25 patients had entirely normal pH study results, whereas 6 of 13 patients with abnormal pH study results had aspiration. Pulmonary aspiration was demonstrated in all patients with apnea and 61.5% of patients with recurrent pneumonia. Nine of 25 patients (36%) with aspiration had histologic evidence of esophagitis, whereas histologic esophagitis was present in 5 of 13 patients (38.4%) with pathologic GER as shown by intraesophageal pH monitoring.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pulmonary aspiration as demonstrated by overnight scintigraphy is common in children with unexplained and refractory respiratory manifestations, suggesting that GER could be the underlying cause of these manifestations. Since only a few children with chronic or recurrent respiratory symptoms have a pathologic gastroesophageal acid reflux, a normal intraesophageal pH study result does not rule out GER in these children.
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology and Gastroenterology, University Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy. alberto_ravelli@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Alberto M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ravelli
authors.forename: M Beatrice
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Panarotto
authors.forename: Lucio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Verdoni
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Consolati
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bolognini
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000502:physiology; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D053120:Respiratory Aspiration / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D013667:Technetium
chemical_list: D013667:Technetium