title: Teachers and laypersons discern quality differences between narratives produced by children with or without SLI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the functional impact of specific language impairment (SLI). Specific goals were to determine whether (a) subjective ratings of narrative quality differentiate children with SLI from their normally developing (ND) age-mates, (b) laypersons and teachers differ in their ratings of narrative quality, (c) objective measures confirm previously reported problems in narration among children with SLI, and (d) objective measures of narrative structure and quality ratings relate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven laypersons and 21 teachers used interval scaling to rate the quality of narratives produced by 20 5-7-year-olds, 10 with SLI and 10 ND age-mates. The narratives were also analyzed objectively for fluency, length, sentence-level syntax, and story grammar and themes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjective ratings differentiated the SLI and ND groups with 70% nonoverlap. No differences were observed between the laypersons' and teachers' numeric ratings; however, laypersons reported that they paid more attention to the "sparkle" or charm of the narratives. Objective measures of story length, grammaticality, and thematic development differentiated SLI and ND groups. Mean length of C-unit and number of thematic units positively predicted quality ratings. Clinical implications Intervention efforts aimed specifically at improving the quality of these children's oral narration may focus on increasing length, grammatical accuracy, and story development. Future clinical and research efforts aimed at addressing the broader functional impact of SLI are also critical given that the manifestations of SLI are noticeable to both teachers and laypersons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, 121C Wendell Johnson Speech and Hearing Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1012, USA. karla-mcgregor@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Robyn M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: Karla K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: McGregor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005178:Faculty; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007806:Language Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D033262:Narration; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013068:Speech Production Measurement