title: Anti-inflammatory activity of crude extract and fractions of Nectandra falcifolia leaves.
abstract: The present study evaluated the effect of the crude extract of the leaves of Nectandra falcifolia (NEES) Castiglioni and its fractions in different experimental models of inflammation (paw edema, pleurisy, and ear edema). Carrageenan-induced edema of the paw and pleurisy were evaluated in Wistar rats (180-220 g), which were treated with different doses of the total extract (250, 500 mg.kg-1). Edema of the ear, induced by croton oil, and determination of myeloperoxidase activity were evaluated in Swiss mice (25-35 g). In this experiment, the crude extract of Nectandra falcifolia (Nf) (1.25, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 mg) and the hexane, chloroform, ethyl-acetate and hydromethanol fractions (5.0 mg) were applied topically, immediately after application of the oil. The crude extract of Nf (500 mg.kg-1) significantly reduced edema of the paw compared to the control group. Similarly, at doses of 250 and 500 mg.kg-1 it significantly reduced the volume of pleural inflammatory exudate compared to the control animals. However, it did not change the number of migrated cells. At doses of 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mg, the crude extract significantly inhibited edema of the ear and the influx of neutrophils. The fractions from Nectandra falcifolia (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and hydromethanol) also inhibited edema of the ear. Taken together, the results demonstrated that the crude extract and its fractions administered to animals orally or topically showed an anti-inflammatory effect.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Inflammation, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, State University of Maringá-PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oliveira de Melo
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: da Conceição Torrado Truiti
authors.forename: Marcelo Nicolás
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Muscará
authors.forename: Simone Marques
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bolonheis
authors.forename: Jailson Araujo
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Dantas
authors.forename: Silvana Martins
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Caparroz-Assef
authors.forename: Roberto Kenji Nakamura
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Cuman
authors.forename: Ciomar Aparecida
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bersani-Amado
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D003436:Croton Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D004423:Ear / Q000473:pathology; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D019770:Lauraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D010998:Pleurisy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D003436:Croton Oil; D002351:Carrageenan; D009195:Peroxidase; D007213:Indomethacin