title: Plasma levels of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein are associated with physical inactivity independent of obesity.
abstract: It is recognized that the path from physical inactivity and obesity to lifestyle-related diseases involves low-grade inflammation, indicated by elevated plasma levels of inflammatory markers. Interestingly, contracting skeletal muscle is a major source of circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) in response to acute exercise, but with a markedly lower response in trained subjects. As C-reactive protein (CRP) is induced by IL-6, we hypothesized that basal levels of IL-6 and CRP reflect the degree of regular physical activity when compared with other markers of inflammation associated with lifestyle-related morbidity. Fasting plasma/serum levels of IL-6, IL-18, CRP, tumur necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), soluble TNF receptor II (sTNF-RII), and adiponectin were measured in healthy non-diabetic men and women (n=84). The amount of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) was assessed by interview. Obesity was associated with elevated insulin, C-peptide, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, IL-6, CRP, and adiponectin (all P<0.05). Importantly, physical inactivity was associated with elevated C-peptide (P=0.036), IL-6 (P=0.014), and CRP (P=0.007) independent of obesity, age, gender, and smoking. Furthermore, the LTPA score was inversely associated with IL-6 (P=0.017) and CRP (P=0.005), but with neither of the other markers. The results indicate that low levels of IL-6 and CRP - not IL-18, TNF-alpha, sTNF-RII, or adiponectin - reflect regular physical activity.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. cfischer@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berntsen
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Perstrup
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eskildsen
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Pedersen
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D009765:Obesity; D010865:Pilot Projects
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007378:Interleukins; D002097:C-Reactive Protein