title: A Phase II study targeting amyloid-beta with 3APS in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As a potential disease-modifying treatment for Alzheimer disease (AD), 3-amino-1-propanesulfonic acid (3APS) is a compound that binds to amyloid beta (Abeta), a toxic protein known to aggregate, leading to amyloid plaque deposition in the brain.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic effect of 3APS in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase II study in which 58 subjects with mild-to-moderate AD were randomly assigned to receive placebo or 3APS 50, 100, or 150 mg BID for 3 months. At the end of the double-blind phase, 42 of these subjects entered an open-label phase in which they received 3APS 150 mg BID for 17 months. Assessments included plasma and CSF 3APS concentrations, CSF levels of Abeta (Abeta(40) and Abeta(42)), and total tau, as well as cognitive (Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale, Mini-Mental State Examination) and clinical (Clinical Dementia Rating scale-Sum of Boxes) measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  3APS had no significant impact on vital signs or laboratory test values. The most frequent side effects were nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, which were intermittent and mild to moderate in severity. Seven 3APS-treated subjects discontinued because of side effects (all causalities) over the course of the study, and there were no 3APS-related serious adverse events. 3APS crossed the blood-brain barrier, and dose-dependently reduced CSF Abeta(42) levels after 3 months of treatment. There were no psychometric score differences between groups over the 3-month double-blind period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term administration of 3-amino-1-propanesulfonic acid is safe, tolerated and reduces CSF Abeta(42) levels in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Aisen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Saumier
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Briand
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laurin
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gervais
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tremblay
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Garceau
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000139:chemically induced; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D018755:GABA Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D010919:Placebos; D058225:Plaque, Amyloid / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013654:Taurine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D018755:GABA Agonists; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010919:Placebos; C078592:amyloid beta-protein (1-40); C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); D013654:Taurine; C001355:tramiprosate