title: Objective assessment comparing hand-assisted and conventional laparoscopic surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although several reports have subjectively highlighted the benefits of hand-assisted as compared with conventional laparoscopic surgery, there has been little objective analysis comparing these two techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this study, 12 trained laparoscopic surgeons completed standardized knot-tying and dissection tasks in a laparoscopic trainer using both hand-assisted (HandPort) and traditional laparoscopic techniques. Motion analysis with the Imperial College Surgical Assessment Device was used to assess performance, measuring the number of movements made, the path length of hand travel, and the time taken. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare hand-assisted (HA) and conventional laparoscopic (L) performance. A p value less than 0.05 was deemed significant. Means and standard deviations are shown in the results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In knot tying, for both the dominant and nondominant hands, hand-assisted rather than conventional laparoscopic techniques resulted in reduced movements (dominant: HA [114 +/- 50] vs L [321 +/- 118, p < 0.001], nondominant: HA [89 +/- 36] vs L [296 +/- 96, p < 0.001]); path length (dominant: HA [1,083 +/- 680 mm] vs L [3,637 +/- 1,852 mm, p < 0.001], nondominant: HA [549 +/- 339 mm] vs L [2,556 +/- 1,042 mm, p < 0.001]); and time taken (HA [162 +/- 50 s] vs L [460 +/- 179 s, p < 0.001]). However, there was no statistical difference for any measured variable with respect to the dissection task.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hand-assisted surgery significantly improves the knot-tying ability among trained laparoscopic surgeons. However, there appears to be no improvement in performance for this specific dissection task.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology and Technology, Imperial College London, South Wharf Road, London, W2 1NY, United Kingdom. v.datta@imperial.ac.uk
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Datta
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Darzi
mesh_terms: D004210:Dissection / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D013536:Suture Techniques; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis