title: [Synergic effects of synthesis arecoline in combination with snail-killing drugs niclosamide].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prove that synthetic Are combination with snail-killing drug Nic can increase the effects of snail-killing remarkably.
  
  
  METHODS
  In indoor immersing experimentation, the experiments were divided into 4 groups, 30 snails in each group, to observe the rate of opening operculum, the rate of climbing adhesion and the rate of death at 3, 6 and 24 hours respectively. In field experimentation, we intermixed 0.1 mg/L Are with 0.2 mg/L Nic as sample as contrasted with 2 mg/L Nic and non-drug group. Immersing method (we chose three slots each size were 10 m x 2 m x 1 m.) and insufflation method (we chose three patch of bottomlands each area were 10 m x 5 m.) were used to kill snails separately and the death rate of fish, at the same time was observed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the room, as we added 0.1 mg/L Are to the solution of 0.1 mg/L and 0.2 mg/L Nic separately, the opening operculum rate for 6 hours was increased from 20% and 12% to 100% and 95%, the climbing adhesion rate for 6 hours decreased from 17% and 53% to 3% and 5%, the death rate for 24 hours increased from 25% and 40% to 90% and 100%. In the field, the snails death rate in sample group and in contrastive group applied with immersing method and insufflation method for 72 hours were 95.9%, 93.3% and 100%, 95.8%; only one small fish (2 cm long) died in sample group, and all fishes died in Nic group, and all fish were alive in non-drug group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It proved that synthetic Are combination with snail-killing drug Nic might decrease Nic dosage and toxicity and increase the effects of snail-killing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Shu-jun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yi-jiao
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xing-guo
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Gui-ling
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001115:Arecoline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D008975:Molluscacides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009534:Niclosamide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012908:Snails / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D008975:Molluscacides; D001115:Arecoline; D009534:Niclosamide