Pharmacological activity of ruthenium complexes trans-[RuCl(2)(L)4] (l = nicotinic or i-nicotinic acid) on anxiety and memory in rats.
Many biological properties have been attributed to ruthenium complex I (trans-[RuCl(2)(nic)(4)]) and ruthenium complex II (trans-[RuCl(2 )(i-nic)( 4)]) including nitric oxide synthase inhibition. In this study, we evaluated pharmacological effects of these complexes on anxiety and memory formation. Memory was evaluated with inhibitory avoidance and habituation to an open-field and anxiety was tested with elevated plus-maze. Adult male Wistar rats (250 to 350 g) received intraperitoneal injections of vehicle, ruthenium complex I (45.2, 90.4, or 180.7 mumol/kg), or ruthenium complex II (0.08, 4.5, or 13.6 mumol/kg) 30 min prior open-field training or elevated plus-maze test and 30 min or 0 h after training. No effects were observed in the anxiety parameters and habituation to an open-field. The ruthenium complexes impaired memory retention compared with vehicle group in the inhibitory avoidance, as when administrated 30 min prior as immediately after training. The memory impairment induced by ruthenium complexes may be due to their nitric oxide synthase inhibition capacity.
Valvassori
Samira Silva
SS
Laboratório de Neurociências, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
Cristiano
Maykon Passos
MP
Cardoso
Danon Clemes
DC
Santos
Glauco Damiani
GD
Martins
Márcio Rodrigo
MR
Quevedo
João
J
da Silva Paula
Marcos Marques
MM
D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006185:Habituation, Psychophysiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007539:Isonicotinic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D009539:Nicotinic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007539:Isonicotinic Acids; D009539:Nicotinic Acids; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C440900:dichlorotetrakis(isonicotinic acid)ruthenium(II); C440899:dichlorotetrakis(nicotinic acid)ruthenium(II); D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I