title: Immune cell recruitment following acoustic trauma.
abstract: Acoustic trauma induces cochlear inflammation. We hypothesized that chemokines are involved in the recruitment of leukocytes as part of a wound healing response. The cochleas of NIH-Swiss mice, exposed to octave-band noise (8-16 kHz, at 118 dB) for 2h, were examined after the termination of exposure. Leukocytes were identified immunohistochemically with antibodies to CD45 and F4/80. Gene array analysis followed by RT-PCR was performed on cochlear tissue to identify up-regulation of chemokine and adhesion molecule mRNA. The expression of the adhesion molecule ICAM-1 was also investigated immunohistochemically. Few CD45- or F4/80-positive leukocytes were observed in the non-exposed cochlea. Following acoustic trauma however, the number of CD45-positive cells was dramatically increased especially after 2 and 4 days, after which time the numbers decreased. F4/80-positive cells also increased in number over the course of a week. Gene array analysis indicated increased expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 5 (MCP-5), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta (MIP-1beta) and ICAM-1. RT-PCR, performed using primers for the individual mRNA sequences, confirmed the increased expression of MCP-1, MCP-5, MIP-1beta, and ICAM-1 relative to non-exposed mice. In the normal cochlea, ICAM-1 immunohistochemical expression was observed in venules, spiral ligament fibrocytes and in endosteal cells of the scala tympani. Expression increased to include more of the spiral ligament and endosteal cells after acoustic trauma. A cochlear inflammatory response is initiated in response to acoustic trauma and involves the recruitment of circulating leukocytes to the inner ear.
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093-0666, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Tornabene
authors.forename: Kunihiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Liem
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Billings
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Keithley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000378:metabolism; D001309:Auditory Threshold; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000378:metabolism; D003051:Cochlea / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006317:Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007107:Immune System / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018945:Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; C491224:Ccl12 protein, mouse; C491768:Ccl2 protein, mouse; C496535:Ccl4 protein, mouse; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D018945:Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteins; C036763:monocyte-macrophage differentiation antigen; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens