title: Plastic reference electrodes and plastic potentiometric cells with dispersion cast poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and poly(vinyl chloride) based membranes.
abstract: A simple procedure of preparing low cost, planar and disposable reference electrodes for potentiometric applications is presented. This method is essentially the same as used for obtaining all-plastic ion-selective electrodes and thus promising for simple fabrication of complete cells. Commercially available aqueous dispersion of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped by poly(4-styrenesulfonate) ions (PEDOT-PSS, Baytron P) is simply cast on a non-conducting plastic support (transparent foil for laser printers). This layer is covered by a non-selective poly(vinyl chloride) based membrane containing solid AgCl and KCl, added to obtain a stable potential. The conducting polymer layer plays a double role, of electrical contact and ion-to-electron transducer, enhancing the potential stability. The reference electrodes obtained exhibit independence of the kind and concentration of electrolyte applied as well as very low sensitivity to interferences: redox reactants and H+ ions; they are also characterized by both potential stability and low polarisability, sufficient for potentiometric applications. Cells of plastic electrodes (indicator and reference ones) are tested using an arrangement with Pb2+ or Ca2+ selective sensors. Potentiometric characteristic of such cells is satisfactory, well comparable with that using a classical electrode arrangement.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kisiel
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Michalska
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maksymiuk
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / Q000737:chemistry*; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002412:Cations; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004563:Electrochemistry; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D017736:Ion-Selective Electrodes; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010969:Plastics / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride / Q000737:chemistry*; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018030:Silver Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D002412:Cations; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010969:Plastics; D011108:Polymers; D018030:Silver Compounds; C121383:poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene); D007854:Lead; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D006859:Hydrogen; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride; C037548:silver chloride; D002118:Calcium