title: Renal haemodynamics are not related to genotypes in offspring of parents with essential hypertension.
abstract: INTRODUCTION. The pathogenesis of essential hypertension (EH) has a major genetic component and is associated with renal abnormalities. Normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents are likely to develop EH and are a suitable population for identifying possible relations between genetic and renal abnormalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated if renin-angiotensinaldosterone system associated genotypes (angiotensinogen [M235T] and ACE [I/D]) are related to blood pressure (BP), renal haemodynamics and sodium excretion in sex and age-matched (1835 years) healthy Caucasian offspring of either two parents with EH (n=101, EH-offspring) or two normotensive parents (n=50, controls). The alpha-adducin polymorphism (G460W) was also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to controls, BP, heart rate, renal vascular resistance (RVR) and urinary sodium excretion were, respectively, 5%, 7%, 15% and 20% higher in EHoffspring. In controls, the TT-genotype of the M235T angiotensinogen polymorphism was associated with higher BP and higher plasma angiotensinogen. By contrast, in EHoffspring the TT-genotype was associated with lower BP and unchanged plasma angiotensinogen. Plasma angiotensinogen correlated positively with BP in EH-offspring, with a similar tendency (p=0.08) in controls. The distributions of the three candidate polymorphisms were similar in EH-offspring and controls. There were no associations between any of the polymorphisms and any of the renal parameters measured.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The markedly greater RVR, proportionally larger than the greater BP, supports a role for RVR in the pathogenesis of EH. The lack of association between the candidate polymorphisms and the investigated parameters, even in this homogenous and for hypertension strongly predisposed group, suggests that the polymorphisms investigated do not play important roles in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Skov
authors.forename: Jens Kristian
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Madsen
authors.forename: Hans Erik
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zagato
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Frandsen
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: Michael John
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mulvany
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008094:Lithium / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D008094:Lithium; D012964:Sodium