title: Expression and distribution of CD44 and hyaluronic acid in human vocal fold mucosa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Expression of CD44 (a cell surface receptor for hyaluronic acid) and the distribution of hyaluronic acid were examined in the human vocal fold mucosa.
  
  
  METHODS
  Light microscopic investigation was carried out on 10 normal larynges of newborn, infant, younger adult, and older adults with Alcian blue staining, a hyaluronidase digestion study, and immunohistochemistry for CD44.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before the appearance of hyaluronic acid in the newborn vocal fold mucosa, CD44 was expressed on the stellate cells in the macula flava and on the fibroblasts in Reinke's space. During infancy, hyaluronic acid appeared and was distributed in the vocal fold mucosa. Many more stellate cells in the macula flava showed CD44 expression, and a large amount of hyaluronic acid was present around the infant stellate cells; however, the fibroblasts in Reinke's space expressed little CD44. During adulthood, hyaluronic acid was distributed in the vocal fold mucosa. Almost all of the stellate cells in the macula flava showed CD44 expression, and much hyaluronic acid existed around the stellate cells in the adult macula flava. However, fibroblasts in the adult Reinke's space expressed little CD44, and hyaluronic acid density in that space was lower than that in the macula flava.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stellate cells in the macula flava and CD44 cooperatively play important roles in maintaining hyaluronic acid in the human vocal fold mucosa as a vibrating tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiminori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Kikuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakashima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000423:Alcian Blue; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007820:Laryngeal Mucosa / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D000423:Alcian Blue