title: Quantitative echocardiographic analysis of the right ventricle in healthy individuals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Three-dimensional echocardiography and Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) are new technologies for evaluation of right ventricular (RV) size and function, but little is known about the differences of these measurements in men and women of different age groups, and how these differences can be adjusted.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 54 healthy participants, mean age 59 years (range: 21-86), underwent resting echocardiography, including 3-dimensional echocardiography and DTI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences in RV end-diastolic volume between men and women (129 +/- 25 vs 102 +/- 33 mL, P < .01). Adjusting to lean body mass, but not the body surface area or height, eliminated this difference (2.1 +/- 0.5 vs 2.2 +/- 0.4 mL/kg, P = not significant). DTI demonstrated that RV time to peak systolic velocity, late diastolic basal velocity, and peak systolic strain were significantly affected by increasing age (r = -0.53, P < .0001; r = 0.58, P < .0001; and r = -0.35, P < .05, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Echocardiographic measures of RV size are significantly different in men and women, and indexing to lean body mass appears to be more effective than indexing to body surface area. DTI is feasible, but the amount of variation found in the measurements may be a limiting factor in the clinical application of the technology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. jesper.kjaergaard@dadlnet.dk <jesper.kjaergaard@dadlnet.dk>
authors.forename: Jesper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kjaergaard
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sogaard
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hassager
mesh_terms: D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013318:Stroke Volume; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right