title: In vivo estimation of sheep carcass composition using real-time ultrasound with two probes of 5 and 7.5 MHz and image analysis.
abstract: Ultrasonic measurements were taken on 46 sheep using a real-time ultrasound machine equipped with 2 probes (5 and 7.5 MHz). Measurements of subcutaneous fat thickness (SC) and muscle LM depth (MD) and area (MA) were taken at 2 locations: over the 13th thoracic vertebra (SC13, MD13, and MA13, respectively) and at the interval between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae (SC34, MD34, and MA34, respectively). Fat thickness was also measured over the third sternebra of the sternum. The relationship between carcass and in vivo ultrasound measurements was high for all the measurements (r(2) between 0.54 and 0.96, P < 0.01). Concerning MD and SC, the 7.5 MHz probe estimates were consistently more precise than the 5-MHz estimates (r(2) increased between 0.09 and 0.13), but the reverse occurred with the MA estimates, although to a lesser extent. Estimates of carcass composition for muscle, subcutaneous fat, intermuscular fat, internal fat, and total fat based on BW explained a large amount of variation in muscle (87%), subcutaneous fat (85%), intermuscular fat (79%), internal fat (74%), and total fat (87%). In most cases (55 of 70) the introduction of one ultrasound measurement in addition to BW in the multiple regression equations further improved the explanation of variation for weight of carcass tissues, internal fat, and total fat. For carcass muscle estimation, the ultrasound measurements of muscle provided an increase of r(2) between 0.05 and 0.10 (P < 0.01). The SC13 and SC34 gave the best improvements in estimating subcutaneous fat, intermuscular fat, internal fat, and total fat (r(2) increased between 0.05 and 0.17; P < 0.01). Prediction of the proportions of the carcass components (internal and total fat from BW) was clearly lower than the prediction of the absolute amounts of these traits. Inclusion of one or more ultrasound measurements in addition to BW increased the predictive ability of the equations. Both probes were useful to estimate carcass muscle depth and area and fat depth, but the 7.5-MHz probe showed a greater ability to estimate depth. For all traits, the stepwise procedure demonstrated that the best fit was obtained with BW and one or more ultrasound measurement with the 7.5-MHz probe.
authors.affiliation: CECAV- Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro Department of Animal Science Apartado 1013, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal. ssilva@utad.pt
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Afonso
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Guedes
authors.forename: J M T
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dias-da-Silva
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012756:Sheep / Q000502:physiology*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*