title: Dipstick urine protein, as a predictor of cardiovascular mortality in Korean men: Korea Medical Insurance Corporation study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was to investigate if the dipstick proteinuria can predict cardiovascular mortality in a population of Korean men.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured urine protein and other cardiovascular risk factors in 100,059 Korean men, aged between 35-59 years in 1990 and 1992. Levels of proteinuria measured by dipstick method were trace or less, 1+, 2+, and 3+ or greater. The primary outcomes were deaths from all causes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and others in a 12 year follow-up from 1993 to 2004.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The multivariate-adjusted relative risks (95% CI) for cardiovascular death according to the level of proteinuria (1+, 2+, 3+ and more) in 1990 examination were 2.18 (1.36-3.48), 2.55 (1.37-4.78), and 4.57 (2.16-9.66) respectively. The corresponding relative risks according to the level of proteinuria in 1992 examination were 2.49 (1.71-3.64), 2.64 (1.53-4.58), and 2.78 (1.15-6.73). The relative risks for cardiovascular death of men with proteinuria (1+ or greater) once and twice among the examinations were 2.18 (1.63-2.92) and 3.75 (2.27-6.18), compared with men without proteinuria in 1990 and 1992 examinations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results showed that dipstick proteinuria is associated with cardiovascular mortality in Korean men. Dipstick proteinuria could be a predictor for cardiovascular mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine.
authors.forename: Kyoungsoo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Hyeon Chang
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dae Ryong
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Chung Mo
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Song Vogue
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Il
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Suh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000379:methods