title: Fungal keratitis: emerging trends and treatment outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the trends, risk factors, causative organisms, treatment, and outcomes of fungal keratitis at the authors' institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of the records of consecutive patients diagnosed with fungal keratitis at the authors' institution from January 1999 to June 2006.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-four patients were diagnosed with fungal keratitis during this period. The average age of the patients was 48 years, and 64% were male. Until 2004, trauma (51%) and contact lens use (40%) were the major risk factors. After 2005, contact lens use (52%) surpassed trauma as the most common risk factor (29%). The percentage of fungal ulcers caused by nontherapeutic contact lenses increased from 21% between 1999 and 2001 to 32% between 2002 and 2004 and to 45% in 2005 and 2006. Eighty-six percent of cultured organisms were filamentous. Fusarium (41%) was the most commonly isolated genus, followed by Candida (14%), Curvularia (12%), and Aspergillus (12%). Visual acuity was worse than 20/200 in 56% of patients at presentation. Final visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 70% of patients treated with medication alone and 16% of patients requiring therapeutic keratoplasty. Surgical intervention in the acute phase was necessary in 23% of patients. Seventy-four percent of medically treated patients had dual topical antifungal therapy. Natamycin 5% and amphotericin B 0.15% were the most commonly used drugs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contact lenses are a major risk factor for fungal keratitis. The incidence of contact lens-related fungal keratitis was increasing even before the Fusarium outbreak in 2005 and 2006. Good visual outcomes can be achieved by aggressive dual topical antifungal therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. stuli@ufl.edu
authors.forename: Sandhya A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Iyer
authors.forename: Sonal S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Tuli
authors.forename: Ryan C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Wagoner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D003261:Contact Lenses / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003320:Corneal Ulcer / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005658:Fungi / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009181:Mycoses / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents