title: Conversion from calcineurin inhibitors to sirolimus for chronic renal allograft dysfunction: a systematic review of the evidence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Conversion from a calcineurin inhibitor to sirolimus has been used as a strategy to improve deteriorating renal allograft function but the efficacy and safety of this intervention is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a systematic review of studies that involved conversion from a calcineurin inhibitor to sirolimus in kidney transplantation. The search yielded five randomized trials (n=1,040 patients) and 25 nonrandomized studies (n=977 patients).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the randomized trials, conversion to sirolimus improved short-term creatinine clearance (weighted mean difference 6.4 mL/min; 95% CI 1.9 to 11.0) compared to controls. In the nonrandomized studies, renal function improved or stabilized in 66% (95% CI 61% to 72%), creatinine clearance improved (weighted mean change 5.7 mL/min; 95% CI 1.4 to 10.1), cholesterol increased (weighted mean change 20.8 mg/dL; 95% CI 11.2 to 30.4) and triglycerides increased (weighted mean change 40.1 mg/dL; 95% CI 18.6 to 61.7). Sirolimus was discontinued by 28% of patients (95% CI 0 to 59%) in the randomized trials and 17% (95% CI 12 to 22%) in the nonrandomized trials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conversion to sirolimus is associated with an improvement in short-term renal function. However, given the discontinuation rate and potential side effects, adequately powered randomized trials with longer follow-up of hard outcomes are needed to determine whether this strategy leads to a lasting benefit in the clinical care of transplant recipients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Center, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Atul V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Mulay
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cockfield
authors.forename: Rod
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stryker
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fergusson
authors.forename: Greg A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Knoll
mesh_terms: D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D020123:Sirolimus