title: Prevalence and risk variables for peri-implant disease in Brazilian subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of peri-implant disease and analyse possible risk variables associated with peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. The study group consisted of 212 partially edentulous subjects rehabilitated with osseointegrated implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  The implants placed were examined clinically and radiographically to assess the peri-implant status. The degree of association between peri-implant disease and various independent variables was investigated using a multinomial regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis were 64.6% and 8.9%, respectively. In univariate modelling, healthy peri-implant subjects presented lower plaque scores, less periodontal bleeding on probing, and less time elapsed since placement of supra-structures. In multivariate analyses, the risk variables associated with increased odds for having peri-implant disease included: gender, plaque scores, and periodontal bleeding on probing. Presence of periodontitis and diabetes were statistically associated with increased risk of peri-implantitis. The only two factors, which did not contribute to the presence of the disease, were the time elapsed since placement of supra-structures and the frequency of visits for maintenance care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that subjects with periodontitis, diabetes, and poor oral hygiene were more prone to develop peri-implantitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. diniz70@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: G L M
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Cortelli
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: F O
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Costa
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000453:epidemiology; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000453:epidemiology; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007576:Jaw, Edentulous, Partially / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000453:epidemiology; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000453:epidemiology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants