title: Angiography and the pediatric trauma patient: a 10-year review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although interventional radiology has played an increasing role in the management of adult trauma patients, little has been written regarding its application in the care of the injured child. This study analyzed the indications, results, and complications for angiography in pediatric trauma patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of pediatric patients (14 years or younger) admitted to Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif (an urban level I trauma center), over a 10-year period (1993-2003) was performed. Patients who underwent angiography were identified using hospital angiography records, and further information was recorded from the trauma registry and medical records. Variables collected included age, sex, mechanism of injury, and injury severity score (ISS). Angiographic data analyzed included indications, results, therapeutic interventions, and procedure-related complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-five pediatric trauma patients who underwent angiography were identified (18 boys, 7 girls). The average age was 11 years (range, 1-14 years), with an ISS of 16 +/- 10. Indications for angiography included suspected limb ischemia (n = 9), suspected pelvic (n = 8) or solid organ bleeding (n = 8), suspected aortic injury (n = 6), and expanding hematoma (n = 1). Eleven patients (44%) had an abnormal finding, and 10 of 11 underwent a subsequent therapeutic intervention. There was 1 minor procedure-related complication and no procedure-related mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Though used infrequently in pediatric trauma patients, the result of the angiography was abnormal in almost half of the children in this series. An abnormal finding prompted further therapeutic intervention in most cases. Angiography was associated with minimal morbidity and should be considered as a useful and safe adjunct when caring for injured children.
authors.affiliation: Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
authors.forename: Devin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Puapong
authors.forename: Carlos V R
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kasotakis
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Applebaum
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salim
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.forename: Demetrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Demetriades
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography; D001011:Aorta / Q000293:injuries; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000293:injuries*; D002648:Child; D005121:Extremities / Q000098:blood supply; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*