title: Ectodermal dysplasia of hair and nail type: mapping of a novel locus to chromosome 17p12-q21.2.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ectodermal dysplasias (EDs) describe a large and complex group of disorders characterized by abnormal development of the skin and appendages (hair, nails, teeth and sweat glands). Of the approximately 200 different EDs, about 30 have been studied at the molecular level. In an effort to understand the molecular bases of ED of hair and nail type, we studied a Pakistani consanguineous family with multiple affected individuals.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To localize the gene responsible for the autosomal recessive form of ED of hair and nail type.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genotyping of nine members of the family, including five affected and four normal individuals was performed using microsatellite markers mapping to candidate regions, harbouring genes involved in related phenotypes. Five epithelial keratin genes located in the candidate region were sequenced to identify the pathogenic mutation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We mapped the disease locus to a 24.2-cM interval flanked by markers D17S839 and D17S1299 on chromosome 17p12-q21.2 (Z(max) = 4.4). DNA sequencing of five epithelial keratin candidate genes, present in the disease locus, did not reveal any pathogenic mutation in the affected individuals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The gene for ED of hair and nail type has been mapped to chromosome 17p12-q21.2 in a Pakistani consanguineous family. Failure to detect mutations in epithelial keratin genes suggests that the mutation may lie either in regulatory regions of one of the epithelial keratin genes or in another unknown gene, located in the linkage interval, with a possible role in the development of ectodermal appendages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naeem
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jelani
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Chishti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wali
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gul
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: John
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ahmad
mesh_terms: D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002886:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17; D004476:Ectodermal Dysplasia / Q000235:genetics*; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D005808:Genes, Recessive / Q000235:genetics; D006197:Hair; D006801:Humans; D007633:Keratins / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D009262:Nails; D009264:Nails, Malformed / Q000151:congenital / Q000235:genetics*; D010154:Pakistan; D010375:Pedigree
chemical_list: D007633:Keratins