title: Human TRIM5alpha mediated restriction of different HIV-1 subtypes and Lv2 sensitive and insensitive HIV-2 variants.
abstract: In order to characterize the antiviral activity of human TRIM5alpha in more detail human derived indicator cell lines over expressing wild type human TRIM5alpha were generated and challenged with HIV-1 and HIV-2 viruses pseudotyped with HIV envelope proteins in comparison to VSV-G pseudotyped particles. HIV envelope protein pseudotyped particles (HIV-1[NL4.3], HIV-1[BaL]) showed a similar restriction to infection (12 fold inhibition) compared to VSV-G pseudotyped viruses after challenging TZM-huTRIM5alpha cells. For HIV-2 a stronger restriction to infection was observed when the homologous envelope protein Env42S was pseudotyped onto these particles compared to VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-2 particles (8.6 fold inhibition versus 3.4 fold inhibition). It has been shown that HIV-2 is restricted by the restriction factor Lv2, acting on capsid like TRIM5alpha. A mutation of amino acid 73 (I73V) of HIV-2 capsid renders this virus Lv2-insensitive. Lv2-insensitive VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-2/I73V particles showed a similar restriction to infection as did HIV-2[VSV-G] particles (4 fold inhibition). HIV-2 envelope protein (Env42S)-pseudotyped HIV-2/I73V particles revealed a 9.3 fold increase in infection in TZM cells but remained restricted in TZM-huTRIM5alpha cells (80.6 fold inhibition) clearly indicating that at least two restriction factors, TRIM5alpha and Lv2, act on incoming HIV-2 particles. Further challenge experiments using primary isolates from different HIV-1 subtypes and from HIV-1 group O showed that wild type human TRIM5alpha restricted infection independent of coreceptor use of the infecting particle but to variable degrees (between 1.2 and 19.6 fold restriction).
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. patrick.kaumanns@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kaumanns
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hagmann
authors.forename: Matthias T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Dittmar
mesh_terms: D000090103:Antiviral Restriction Factors; D002213:Capsid / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D015686:Gene Products, env / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008561:Membrane Fusion; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000070584:Tripartite Motif Proteins; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000090103:Antiviral Restriction Factors; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C028391:G protein, vesicular stomatitis virus; D015686:Gene Products, env; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D000070584:Tripartite Motif Proteins; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C477346:TRIM5 protein, human; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases