title: Prognostic factors in papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma: their implications for cancer staging.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) are two distinct histological types of thyroid carcinoma but have often been studied and staged as a collective group, known as differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). However, this may not be an optimal approach to cancer staging.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 760 patients with DTC, comprising 589 (77.5%) with PTC and 171 with (22.5%) FTC, being managed at our institution from 1961 to 2001 were retrospectively reviewed. Their clinicopathological features, treatment modalities received, and postoperative outcome were analyzed. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors related to cancer-specific survival (CSS) for PTC and FTC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were statistically significant differences between PTC and FTC in terms of age >/=50 years at diagnosis (P = .040), tumor size (P < .001), lymph node metastases (P < .001), distant metastases (P < .001), extrathyroidal extension (P < .001), multifocality (P = .002), capsular invasion (P < .001), extent of thyroid resection (P < .001), radioiodine ablation (P < .001), and external-beam irradiation (P = .003). Although PTC and FTC had similar 10-year and 15-year CSS (P = .846), each possessed its own set of independent prognostic factors for CSS. Age at diagnosis and completeness of resection were independent prognostic factors in both PTC and FTC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were marked differences in clinicopathologic features, treatment, and prognostic factors between the two histologic types of DTC. Different staging systems should be evaluated and validated for PTC and FTC individually in the future.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong Medical Centre, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Brian Hung-Hin
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Chung-Yau
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Wai-Fan
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: King-Yin
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Koon-Yat
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Wan
mesh_terms: D018263:Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D000231:Adenocarcinoma, Papillary / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D013965:Thyroidectomy
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes