title: A 3 T event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of primary and secondary gustatory cortex localization using natural tastants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is known that taste is centrally represented in the insula, frontal and parietal operculum, as well as in the orbitofrontal cortex (secondary gustatory cortex). In functional MRI (fMRI) experiments activation in the insula has been confirmed, but activation in the orbitofrontal cortex is only infrequently found, especially at higher field strengths (3 T). Due to large susceptibility artefacts, the orbitofrontal cortex is a difficult region to examine with fMRI. Our aim was to localize taste in the human cortex at 3 T, specifically in the orbitofrontal cortex as well as in the primary gustatory cortex.
  
  
  METHODS
  Event-related fMRI was performed at 3 T in seven healthy volunteers. Taste stimuli consisted of lemon juice and chocolate. To visualize activation in the orbitofrontal cortex a dedicated 3D SENSE EPI fMRI sequence was used, in addition to a 2D SENSE EPI fMRI sequence for imaging the entire brain. Data were analyzed using a perception-based model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The dedicated 3D SENSE EPI sequence successfully reduced susceptibility artefacts in the orbitofrontal area. Significant taste-related activation was found in the orbitofrontal and insular cortices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  fMRI of the orbitofrontal cortex is feasible at 3 T, using a dedicated sequence. Our results corroborate findings from previous studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands. marion.smits@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smits
authors.forename: Ronald R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Hecke
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sunaert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D002099:Cacao; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D002957:Citrus; D004326:Drinking / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012016:Reference Values; D013649:Taste / Q000502:physiology*