Urinary bladder cancer risk factors in men: a Spanish case-control study.
The rising incidence of urinary bladder cancer is alarming and potential relationships with different risk factors have been postulated. The purpose of this study was to examine the possible relationship between different environmental risk factors and urinary bladder cancer. All men with urinary bladder cancer who were admitted to the Department of Urology of Reina Sofia University Hospital of Cordoba, Spain over 1 year were included in our study. Men were administered an interview questionnaire, which included data on history of known urinary bladder cancer risk factors. Comparisons between men with urinary bladder cancer (cases) and those with nonmalignant urological disease (controls) were made. The study included 74 cases and 89 controls. The variables associated with malignant lesions on univariate analysis were age, smoking and drinking alcohol. Meanwhile, fish, poultry and beef consumption were proved to be protective factors. The risk factors identified by the logistic regression analysis were age, smoking and fluid intake. The independent protective factors on the multivariate analysis were fish and poultry consumptions. Smoking was found to be the principal independent risk factors for urinary bladder cancer. Our results call for further investigation of urinary bladder cancer risk factors; future studies should preferably be performed on large prospective cohorts, to increase their validity.
Baena
Antonio Varo
AV
Section of Epidemiology, Province Delegation of Health, Andalucian Health Service, University of Cordoba, Spain.
Allam
Mohamed Farouk
MF
Del Castillo
Amparo Serrano
AS
Díaz-Molina
Carmen
C
Requena Tapia
Maria José
MJ
Abdel-Rahman
Amira Gamal
AG
Navajas
Rafael Fernández-Crehuet
RF
D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D004034:Diet Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*