title: Successful use of sodium hypochlorite pack plus systemic and local antibiotic therapy for the treatment of pseudomonas infection of peritoneal dialysis catheter exit-site.
abstract: Peritoneal catheter exit-site and tunnel infections remain critical problems in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Catheter-related peritonitis occurs in about 20% of patients and exit-site infections are responsible for catheter removal in more than one-fifth of the cases. For the last 2 years in the Department of Nephrology, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy, we have been treating exit-site infections caused by Pseudomonas with sodium hypochlorite packs as well as systemic and local antibiotic therapy. Considering the encouraging results obtained on Pseudomonas infection, we decided to utilize the same schedule for the treatment of exit-site infections caused by other germs which are generally difficult to eradicate to prevent peritonitis and catheter removal. Between 2003 and 2004, 10 patients contracted infection of the exit-site. All patients underwent a swab test because of the reddening and the purulent secretion of the exit-site. The swab resulted positive for Pseudomonas in 7 patients, Corynebacterium sp. in 2 patients, and Candida albicans in 1 patient. All patients were treated with systemic antibiotic therapy or antifungal therapy, local sodium hypochlorite 50% packs. After 15 days all patients were submitted to a swab test of the exit site. In all patients, the swab test resulted negative after 15 days and 1 month, and they could continue peritoneal dialysis. This procedure avoided peritoneal catheter removal and temporary switch to hemodialysis in all patients with exit site infection. The mechanism of action is related to the wide antimicrobial spectrum and the rapid action of sodium hypochlorite possibly creating a protective barrier on the exit-site.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Rodighiero
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dell'Aquila
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonello
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Spanò
authors.forename: P Di
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Loreto
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nalesso
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ronco
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000382:microbiology; D015377:Cilastatin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D015378:Imipenem / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017053:Infection Control / Q000379:methods*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000628:therapy; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004202:Disinfectants; D015377:Cilastatin; D015378:Imipenem; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite