title: Increased proximal urethral sensory threshold after radical pelvic surgery in women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify factors that potentially influence urethral sensitivity in women.
  
  
  METHODS
  The current perception threshold was measured by double ring electrodes in the proximal and distal urethra in 120 women. Univariate analysis using Kaplan-Meier models and multivariate analysis applying Cox regressions were performed to identify factors influencing urethral sensitivity in women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In univariate and multivariate analysis, women who had undergone radical pelvic surgery (radical cystectomy n = 12, radical rectal surgery n = 4) showed a significantly (log rank test P < 0.0001) increased proximal urethral sensory threshold compared to those without prior surgery (hazard ratio (HR) 4.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.04-8.51), following vaginal hysterectomy (HR 4.95, 95% CI 2.07-11.85), abdominal hysterectomy (HR 5.96, 95% CI 2.68-13.23), or other non-pelvic surgery (HR 4.86, 95% CI 2.24-10.52). However, distal urethral sensitivity was unaffected by any form of prior surgery. Also other variables assessed, including age, concomitant diseases, urodynamic diagnoses, functional urethral length, and maximum urethral closure pressure at rest had no influence on urethral sensitivity in univariate as well as in multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased proximal but unaffected distal urethral sensory threshold after radical pelvic surgery in women suggests that the afferent nerve fibers from the proximal urethra mainly pass through the pelvic plexus which is prone to damage during radical pelvic surgery, whereas the afferent innervation of the distal urethra is provided by the pudendal nerve. Better understanding the innervation of the proximal and distal urethra may help to improve surgical procedures, especially nerve sparing techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.forename: Urs E
authors.initials: UE
authors.lastname: Studer
authors.forename: Fiona C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Burkhard
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000601:surgery*; D012684:Sensory Thresholds / Q000502:physiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014521:Urethra / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures