title: A study on photolinkers used for biomolecule attachment to polymer surfaces.
abstract: The use of photolinkers (photoactivatable heterobifunctional crosslinkers) is a popular method to attach biomolecules to polymer surfaces. This study addresses the selection of photolinker and the adjustment of reaction conditions, such as the concentration of biomolecule applied, and irradiation time. The influence of these variables are investigated for four prominent photolinkers: ketyl-reactive benzophenone (BP) and anthraquinone (AQ), nitrene-reactive nitrophenyl azide (NPA), and carbene-reactive phenyl-(trifluoromethyl)diazirine (PTD). The influence of substrate material is discussed, and three different polymers served as representative substrates: poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polystyrene (PS), and a cycloolefin copolymer (COC). We compared the overall photolinking efficiency of all photolinkers with respect to the polymer substrate they are applied to, and we found considerable differences for certain photolinker/substrate combinations. Of all photolinkers and substrates tested, PTD as photolinker and COC as substrate showed the highest photolinking efficiencies and fastest reaction times. For this study DNA oligonucleotides were chosen as a model system of biomolecular probes, and fluorescence detection of DNA microarrays served as method of detection.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany. daniela.dankbar@colorado.edu
authors.forename: Daniela M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Dankbar
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gauglitz
mesh_terms: D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry*; D015342:DNA Probes / Q000737:chemistry*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D010777:Photochemistry; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D015342:DNA Probes; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011108:Polymers