title: Current status and perspective of liver preservation solutions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A safe and effective preservation solution is a precondition for liver transplantation, which is accepted as the radical treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease. The increasing use of marginal donors and non-heart beating donors as well as the establishment of a national organ allocation network call for better preservation. New preservation solutions like histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solution and Celsior solution have been introduced to liver preservation, and protective gene intervention and other modifications have also been investigated. In this article, we review recent advances in liver preservation solutions.
  
  
  METHODS
  An English-language literature search was conducted using MEDLINE (1990-2005) on liver preservation solution, biliary complication, protective gene and other related subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although the high viscosity of the University of Wisconsin (UW) solution proved harmful to the hepatic microcirculation, three solutions showed equivalent preservation effects. When the cold ischemia time was short, there were no significant differences among the three solutions in the incidence of biliary complications. So far, modifications of preservation solutions have achieved great success. Several types of protective genes like A20, Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L) and HO-1 were reported to have definite liver protective effects. The addition of other substrates like TNF-alpha antibody, tacrolimus (FK506) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) can also improve the preservation effect. However, addition of insulin to UW solution is harmful to the graft.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In centers with highly-developed transplantation techniques, HTK and Celsior solutions are acceptable in liver preservation. Protective gene modification and addition of substrates like TNF-alpha antibody, FK506 and FBP are prominent approaches to improve liver preservation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ning
authors.initials: XN
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Shu-Sen
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000009:adverse effects; D000493:Allopurinol / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies; D001649:Bile Duct Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D004187:Disaccharides; D004573:Electrolytes; D005635:Fructosediphosphates; D005947:Glucose / Q000009:adverse effects; D005971:Glutamates; D005978:Glutathione / Q000009:adverse effects; D006639:Histidine; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000009:adverse effects; D007511:Ischemia / Q000209:etiology; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply; D008353:Mannitol / Q000009:adverse effects; D008833:Microcirculation; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions / Q000009:adverse effects; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000009:adverse effects; D011343:Procaine / Q000009:adverse effects; D011887:Raffinose / Q000009:adverse effects; D016559:Tacrolimus; D014170:Transformation, Genetic; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; C039984:Bretschneider cardioplegic solution; C088453:Celsior; D004187:Disaccharides; D004573:Electrolytes; D005635:Fructosediphosphates; D005971:Glutamates; D007328:Insulin; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C055206:University of Wisconsin-lactobionate solution; D008353:Mannitol; D006639:Histidine; D011343:Procaine; D000493:Allopurinol; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D005978:Glutathione; D005947:Glucose; D000241:Adenosine; C029063:fructose-1,6-diphosphate; D011887:Raffinose; D016559:Tacrolimus