title: Susceptibility of uterine myomas and endometrium to cryosurgery using a carbon dioxide cryosurgical probe in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of a 9-mm diameter carbon dioxide cryoprobe, the Endocryo, on myomas and endometrial/myometrial tissue in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparative laboratory study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2).
  
  
  METHODS
  University laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with and without myomas, undergoing hysterectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single 5-minute freeze followed by an active thaw was applied to uterine myomas and endometrial/myometrial tissue in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endometrial/myometrial and uterine myoma temperature change was measured continuously during the cryosurgical procedure. Depth of cell death was measured using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase enzyme assay. There was no significant difference in temperature change and depth of cell death between myomas and endometrial/myometrial tissue in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Endocryo produces the same cryosurgical effect on both uterine myomas and endometrial/myometrial tissue in vitro, an important principal for future development of a clinically effective cryosurgical device for the treatment of menorrhagia in the presence of submucous myomas.
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint James's University Hospital, Leeds University, Leeds, UK. juliabodle@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: Julia F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Bodle
authors.forename: Sean R G
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Duffy
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Binney
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D016923:Cell Death; D003452:Cryosurgery; D004717:Endometrium / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008595:Menorrhagia / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide