title: Bioaccessibility of carotenoids and vitamin E from their main dietary sources.
abstract: Vitamin E and carotenoids are fat-soluble microconstituents that may exert beneficial effects in humans, including protection against cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and age-related eye diseases. Their bioavailability is influenced by various factors including food matrix, formulation, and food processing. Since human studies are labor-intensive, time-consuming, and expensive, the in vitro model used in this study is increasingly being used to estimate bioaccessibility of these microconstituents. However, the ability of this model to predict bioavailability in a healthy human population has not yet been verified. The first aim of this study was to validate this model by comparing model-derived bioaccessibility data with (i) human-derived bioaccessibility data and (ii) published mean bioavailability data reported in studies involving healthy humans. The second aim was to use it to measure alpha- and gamma-tocopherol, beta-carotene, lycopene, and lutein bioaccessibility from their main dietary sources. Bioaccessibility as assessed with the in vitro model was well correlated with human-derived bioaccessibility values (r = 0.90, p < 0.05), as well as relative mean bioavailability values reported in healthy human groups (r = 0.98, p < 0.001). The bioaccessibility of carotenoids and vitamin E from the main dietary sources was highly variable, ranging from less than 0.1% (beta-carotene from raw tomato) to almost 100% (alpha-tocopherol from white bread). Bioaccessibility was dependent on (i) microconstituent species (lutein > beta-carotene and alpha-carotene > lycopene and alpha-tocopherol generally > gamma-tocopherol), (ii) food matrix, and (iii) food processing.
authors.affiliation: INSERM, 476 Nutrition Humaine et lipides, Marseille, F-13385 France.
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reboul
authors.forename: Myriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Richelle
authors.forename: Eloïse
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Perrot
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Desmoulins-Malezet
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pirisi
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Borel
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004032:Diet; D004063:Digestion; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D014810:Vitamin E; D002338:Carotenoids