title: Nanoparticles for two-photon photodynamic therapy in living cells.
abstract: We describe here a nontoxic two-photon photodynamic nanoparticle platform and its cellular application. We demonstrate that the dye's potential toxicity can be circumvented by its permanent encapsulation into a biocompatible nanoparticle polymer matrix; this was examined by dye leaching experiments and confirmed by cell uptake experiments. Infrared two-photon nanoplatform phototoxicity was demonstrated for rat C6 glioma cells, while the controls showed no dark toxicity for these living cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, USA.
authors.forename: De
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Rodney R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Agayan
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Martin A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Philbert
authors.forename: Raoul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kopelman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017785:Photons; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D051381:Rats; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014978:Xenon
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011166:Porphyrins; C021096:tetra(4-N-methylpyridyl)porphine; D014978:Xenon