title: Validity of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale as a screening instrument of major depressive disorder among Japanese workers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is used at workplaces to screen depressive disorders. The aim of this study was to examine the validity of the CES-D for depression in a workplace.
  
  
  METHODS
  The CES-D was administered to 2,219 workers (84.2% men; age 21-68 years) at a manufacturing company in Japan. Concomitantly all workers had an interview with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) as a gold standard for diagnosing major depressive disorder (MDD). The validity was evaluated by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The area under the ROC curve of the CES-D was 0.96 [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.94-0.99]. The optimal cut-off score of MDD was 19 for screening.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The validity of CES-D is confirmed and it is a valid instrument for detecting MDD in working populations in Japan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan. kwada-sgy@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Katsutoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Theriault
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mimura
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyaoka
authors.forename: Yoshiharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aizawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017678:Sex Distribution