title: Effects of blockade of the renin-angiotensin and endothelin systems on experimental bronchiolitis obliterans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Blockade of the renin-angiotensin and the endothelin (ET) systems ameliorates fibrous airway obliteration in rat tracheal allografts. The aim of this study was to test which of these pharmacologic interventions attenuates the process more effectively, and whether combination therapy confers additional benefit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rat tracheas were heterotopically transplanted from Brown-Norway donors into Lewis recipients. Recipients received the dual endothelin-1 (ET-1) receptor blocker, bosentan (100 mg/kg), the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, ramipril (5 mg/kg), bosentan plus ramipril (doses as just noted) or vehicle. Grafts were harvested at Days 7 and 21 for morphometric studies and molecular analysis by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At Day 21, bosentan and ramipril treatment reduced the percentage of luminal occlusion compared with vehicle to a similar extent. In animals that received the combined treatment, luminal obliteration was further reduced compared with the respective monotherapies. Furthermore, rats treated with bosentan plus ramipril showed a lower percent of epithelial necrosis. The beneficial effects of bosentan and ramipril, alone or in combination, were associated with reduced mRNA levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-A in the tracheal allografts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that ET receptor blockade prevents fibrous airway obliteration to a similar extent as ACE inhibition in this model. Interruption of both pathways provides superior graft protection as compared with single-system blockade.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, National Koranyi Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary. antbal@net.sote.hu <antbal@net.sote.hu>
authors.forename: Balazs
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Antus
authors.forename: Attila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sebe
authors.forename: Janos
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fillinger
authors.forename: Csaba
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jeney
authors.forename: Ildiko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Horvath
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000077300:Bosentan; D001989:Bronchiolitis Obliterans / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D016232:Endothelins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D009336:Necrosis / Q000473:pathology; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017257:Ramipril / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D011914:Rats, Inbred BN; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014132:Trachea / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000637:transplantation*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D016232:Endothelins; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin; D013449:Sulfonamides; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; C075278:platelet-derived growth factor A; D017257:Ramipril; D000077300:Bosentan