title: Selected urinary metal reference concentrations of the Viennese population - urinary metal reference values (Vienna).
abstract: Reference concentrations of metals are the basis for risk assessment studies and for estimation of type and magnitude of environmental and occupational exposure. Urine is often used as a specimen for monitoring studies, as it plays an important role in the elimination of various substances from the body and in addition it can be collected easily. Therefore, the urinary levels of seven trace elements (Al, Co, Cr, Mo, Nb, Ni, Ti) were determined by atomic spectrometric methods (ICP-MS and GFAAS) in 100 urine samples of the Viennese population. The obtained creatinine adjusted concentrations (medians) are in microg/g 6.1, 1.5, 1.1, 46.2, 0.4, 0.1, and 8.0 for Al, Co, Cr, Mo, Nb, Ni, and Ti, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zeiner
authors.forename: Mihaly
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ovari
authors.forename: Gyula
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zaray
authors.forename: Ilse
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Steffan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001317:Austria; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D014131:Trace Elements