title: Roles of phosphatidate phosphatase enzymes in lipid metabolism.
abstract: Phosphatidate phosphatase (PAP) enzymes catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphatidate, yielding diacylglycerol and inorganic phosphate. In eukaryotic cells, PAP activity has a central role in the synthesis of phospholipids and triacylglycerol through its product diacylglycerol, and it also generates and/or degrades lipid-signaling molecules that are related to phosphatidate. There are two types of PAP enzyme, Mg(2+) dependent (PAP1) and Mg(2+) independent (PAP2), but only genes encoding PAP2 enzymes had been identified until recently, when a gene (PAH1) encoding a PAP1 enzyme was found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This discovery has revealed a molecular function of the mammalian protein lipin, a deficiency of which causes lipodystrophy in mice. With molecular information now available for both types of PAP, the specific roles of these enzymes in lipid metabolism are being clarified.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Cook College, New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. carman@aesop.rutgers.edu
authors.forename: George M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Carman
authors.forename: Gil-Soo
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D008060:Lipodystrophy / Q000473:pathology; D008274:Magnesium / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D009154:Mutation; D000073718:Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins; D010711:Phosphatidate Phosphatase / Q000502:physiology*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000737:chemistry; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D000073718:Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins; D010743:Phospholipids; C000612141:REG3A protein, human; D010711:Phosphatidate Phosphatase; D008274:Magnesium