title: Coping with stress: cellular relaxation techniques.
abstract: Proteins damaged by stressors such as heat, oxidizing conditions or toxic agents are deleterious to cells and must be properly taken care of. Accordingly, misfolded proteins trigger a cellular stress response that aims to either repair defective polypeptides or eliminate faulty elements when salvage is not possible. This stress response provides time for additional stressor-specific pathways that adapt the cell to the changed environment if necessary. Recent studies have investigated how proteins that frustrate the folding machinery are recognized and cleared from the cell. Surprisingly, these clearance mechanisms are not restricted to the protein level. The stress response can also eliminate the mRNA of polypeptides that are refractory to folding.
authors.affiliation: Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gauss
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sommer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism*; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D004722:Endoribonucleases / Q000378:metabolism; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018869:Heat-Shock Response / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D017510:Protein Folding; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011506:Proteins; C467728:STUB1 protein, human; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; C403982:ERN2 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D004722:Endoribonucleases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex