Nanoparticles for two-photon photodynamic therapy in living cells.
We describe here a nontoxic two-photon photodynamic nanoparticle platform and its cellular application. We demonstrate that the dye's potential toxicity can be circumvented by its permanent encapsulation into a biocompatible nanoparticle polymer matrix; this was examined by dye leaching experiments and confirmed by cell uptake experiments. Infrared two-photon nanoplatform phototoxicity was demonstrated for rat C6 glioma cells, while the controls showed no dark toxicity for these living cells.
Gao
De
D
Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, USA.
Agayan
Rodney R
RR
Xu
Hao
H
Philbert
Martin A
MA
Kopelman
Raoul
R
D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017785:Photons; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D051381:Rats; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014978:Xenon
D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011166:Porphyrins; C021096:tetra(4-N-methylpyridyl)porphine; D014978:Xenon