title: Degradation of malathion by Pseudomonas during activated sludge treatment system using principal component analysis (PCA).
abstract: Popular descriptive multivariate statistical method currently employed is the principal component analyses (PCA) method. PCA is used to develop linear combinations that successively maximize the total variance of a sample where there is no known group structure. This study aimed at demonstrating the performance evaluation of pilot activated sludge treatment system by inoculating a strain of Pseudomonas capable of degrading malathion which was isolated by enrichment technique. An intensive analytical program was followed for evaluating the efficiency of biosimulator by maintaining the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration at 4.0 mg/L. Analyses by high performance liquid chromatographic technique revealed that 90% of malathion removal was achieved within 29 h of treatment whereas COD got reduced considerably during the treatment process and mean removal efficiency was found to be 78%. The mean pH values increased gradually during the treatment process ranging from 7.36-8.54. Similarly the mean ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) values were found to be fluctuating between 19.425-28.488 mg/L, mean nitrite-nitrogen (NO3-N) ranging between 1.301-2.940 mg/L and mean nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) ranging between 0.0071-0.0711 mg/L. The study revealed that inoculation of bacterial culture under laboratory conditions could be used in bioremediation of environmental pollution caused by xenobiotics. The PCA analyses showed that pH, COD, organic load and total malathion concentration were highly correlated and emerged as the variables controlling the first component, whereas dissolved oxygen, NO3-N and NH3-N governed the second component. The third component repeated the trend exhibited by the first two components.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. hashmi71@gmail.com
authors.forename: Hashmi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imran
authors.forename: Khan M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Altaf
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jong-Guk
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007306:Insecticides / Q000378:metabolism*; D008294:Malathion / Q000378:metabolism*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000378:metabolism*; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D012722:Sewage; D009584:Nitrogen; D010100:Oxygen; D008294:Malathion