title: Measles vaccination of macaques by dry powder inhalation.
abstract: Measles vaccination via the aerosol route has proven effective under field conditions, using vaccine reconstituted prior to nebulization. Inhalation of a dry powder aerosol vaccine would have additional benefits, including easier logistics of administration, reduced cold chain dependence and the potential of single dose administration. We have evaluated two candidate dry powder measles vaccine formulations in macaques. Specific immune responses were demonstrated, but levels of immunity were lower than in animals vaccinated by injection or by nebulized aerosol. These studies provide proof of principle that dry powder inhalation is a possible route for measles vaccination, but suggest that either the vaccine formulation or the method of delivery need to be improved for a better immune response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Erasmus MC, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. r.deswart@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: Rik L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: de Swart
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: LiCalsi
authors.forename: Alan V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Quirk
authors.forename: Geert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van Amerongen
authors.forename: Vladislav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nodelman
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alcock
authors.forename: Selma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yüksel
authors.forename: Gary H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.forename: Helma
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vos
authors.forename: Clyde L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Witham
authors.forename: Christopher I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Grainger
authors.forename: Thijs
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuiken
authors.forename: Bernard J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Greenspan
authors.forename: Trevor G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Gard
authors.forename: Albert D M E
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Osterhaus
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000770:Anesthesia, Endotracheal; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007267:Injections; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008457:Measles / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008458:Measles Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008459:Measles virus / Q000737:chemistry; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D010316:Particle Size; D011208:Powders; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D008458:Measles Vaccine; D011208:Powders; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated