title: Cytokine gene polymorphisms are not associated with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome or survival after lung transplant.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cytokine polymorphisms are inconsistently associated with transplant rejection and other adverse outcomes. To address this controversy, we evaluated cytokine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a lung transplant cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients who underwent lung transplantation from 1993 to 1998 and had post-transplant survival of at least 6 months were included in the initial analysis. Subjects were genotyped for: TNF-alpha -308 G/A; IFN-gamma +874 A/T; TGF-beta1 +869 T/C and +915 G/C; IL-10 -1082 A/G, -819 C/T and -592 C/A; and IL-6 -174 G/C. End-points were onset of broncholitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the cohort, 78 subjects, with an overall mean +/- SE survival 2,339 +/- 117 days, had no correlation between onset of BOS1, BOS2 or survival with TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, TGF-beta1 or IL-10 gene polymorphisms. However, IL-6 polymorphisms GG or GC were associated with an earlier onset of BOS1 (p = 0.039), BOS2 (p = 0.021), and decreased overall post-transplant survival (p = 0.038). A second cohort of more recent lung transplant recipients did not validate an association between IL-6 polymorphisms and earlier onset of BOS1 (p = 0.70), BOS2 (p = 0.54) or overall post-transplant survival (p = 0.25).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polymorphisms of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, TGF-beta1, IL-10 and IL-6 do not appear to influence the onset of BOS or graft survival in recipients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA. snyde014@mc.duke.edu <snyde014@mc.duke.edu>
authors.forename: Laurie D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: Matthew G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Hartwig
authors.forename: Tonya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ganous
authors.forename: R Duane
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Walter F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Herczyk
authors.forename: Nancy L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Reinsmoen
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Palmer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001989:Bronchiolitis Obliterans / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D015996:Survival Rate; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000235:genetics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma