title: The anti-inflammatory effect of Gigukjiwhangwhangami through the inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB activation in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with cerebral infarction.
abstract: The Korean genuine medicine "Gigukjiwhangwhangami (GJWGM)" has long been used for various cerebrovascular diseases. However, the exact mechanism that accounts for the anti-inflammatory effect of GJWGM is not completely understood. The aim of the present study is to elucidate how GJWGM modulates the inflammatory reaction in lipopolysaccaride (LPS)-stimulated peripheral mononuclear cells from patients with cerebral infarction. Production of cytokine was measured by the ELISA and RT-PCR method. The level of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)/Rel A protein and NF-kappaB DNA binding activity were determined by the Western blot analysis and TF-EIA method. We showed that GJWGM inhibited the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 induced by LPS in dose dependent manner (p<0.05). Maximal inhibition rate of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 production by GJWGM was about 54.34%, 41.37%, 44.04%, and 54.46%, respectively. GJWGM inhibited the TNF-alpha and IL-8 mRNA expression. In addition, we showed that the inhibitory mechanism of GJWGM is through the suppression of NF-kappaB pathway. Our study suggests that an important molecular mechanism by GJWGM reduce inflammation, which may explain its beneficial effect in the regulation of inflammatory reactions.
authors.affiliation: College of Oriental Medicine, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Su-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyun-Ja
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Phil-Dong
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Kang-Min
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Min-Gu
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Byung-Soon
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Nyeon-Hyoung
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Seung-Heon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Ho-Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Na
authors.forename: Hoon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Hyung-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Um
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D029001:Herbal Medicine; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007723:Korea; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008518:Medicine, East Asian Traditional; D008875:Middle Aged; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D007378:Interleukins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha