title: Angiopoietin-like protein 4 converts lipoprotein lipase to inactive monomers and modulates lipase activity in adipose tissue.
abstract: Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) has a central role in lipoprotein metabolism to maintain normal lipoprotein levels in blood and, through tissue specific regulation of its activity, to determine when and in what tissues triglycerides are unloaded. Recent data indicate that angiopoietin-like protein (Angptl)-4 inhibits LPL and retards lipoprotein catabolism. We demonstrate here that the N-terminal coiled-coil domain of Angptl-4 binds transiently to LPL and that the interaction results in conversion of the enzyme from catalytically active dimers to inactive, but still folded, monomers with decreased affinity for heparin. Inactivation occurred with less than equimolar ratios of Angptl-4 to LPL, was strongly temperature-dependent, and did not consume the Angptl-4. Furthermore, we show that Angptl-4 mRNA in rat adipose tissue turns over rapidly and that changes in the Angptl-4 mRNA abundance are inversely correlated to LPL activity, both during the fed-to-fasted and fasted-to-fed transitions. We conclude that Angptl-4 is a fasting-induced controller of LPL in adipose tissue, acting extracellularly on the native conformation in an unusual fashion, like an unfolding molecular chaperone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sukonina
authors.forename: Aivar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lookene
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Olivecrona
authors.forename: Gunilla
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Olivecrona
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000201:enzymology*; D000075803:Angiopoietin-Like Protein 4; D042682:Angiopoietins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity; D019281:Dimerization; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D015870:Gene Expression; D006493:Heparin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011485:Protein Binding; D017510:Protein Folding; D020836:Protein Structure, Quaternary; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D020349:Surface Plasmon Resonance
chemical_list: C528241:ANGPTL4 protein, rat; D000075803:Angiopoietin-Like Protein 4; D042682:Angiopoietins; C407088:Angptl4 protein, mouse; D001798:Blood Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D006493:Heparin; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase