title: Providers' beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors before implementing a computerized pneumococcal vaccination reminder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The emergency department (ED) has been recommended as a suitable setting for offering pneumococcal vaccination; however, implementations of ED vaccination programs remain scarce.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To understand beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors of ED providers before implementing a computerized reminder system.
  
  
  METHODS
  An anonymous, five-point Likert-scale, 46-item survey was administered to emergency physicians and nurses at an academic medical center. The survey included aspects of ordering patterns, implementation strategies, barriers, and factors considered important for an ED-based vaccination initiative as well as aspects of implementing a computerized vaccine-reminder system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 160 eligible ED providers, the survey was returned by 64 of 67 physicians (96%), and all 93 nurses (100%). The vaccine was considered to be cost effective by 71% of physicians, but only 2% recommended it to their patients. Although 98% of physicians accessed the computerized problem list before examining the patient, only 28% reviewed the patient's health-maintenance section. Physicians and nurses preferred a computerized vaccination-reminder system in 93% and 82%, respectively. Physicians' preferred implementation approach included a nurse standing order, combined with physician notification; nurses, however, favored a physician order. Factors for improving vaccination rates included improved computerized documentation, whereas increasing the number of ED staff was less important. Relevant implementation barriers for physicians were not remembering to offer vaccination, time constraints, and insufficient time to counsel patients. The ED was believed to be an appropriate setting in which to offer vaccination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Emergency department staff had favorable attitudes toward an ED-based pneumococcal vaccination program; however, considerable barriers inherent to the ED setting may challenge such a program. Applying information technology may overcome some barriers and facilitate an ED-based vaccination initiative.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Judith W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Dexheimer
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Qingxia
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Talbot
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aronsky
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003201:Computers; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs / Q000191:economics; D008297:Male; D010564:Personnel, Hospital / Q000523:psychology; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D017010:Reminder Systems; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013714:Tennessee
chemical_list: D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines