title: Vectorial information for Arabidopsis planar polarity is mediated by combined AUX1, EIN2, and GNOM activity.
abstract: Cell polarity is commonly coordinated within the plane of a single tissue layer (planar polarity), and hair positioning has been exploited as a simple marker for planar polarization of animal epithelia . The root epidermis of the plant Arabidopsis similarly reveals planar polarity of hair localization close to root tip-oriented (basal) ends of hair-forming cells . Hair position is directed toward a concentration maximum of the hormone auxin in the root tip , but mechanisms driving this plant-specific planar polarity remain elusive. Here, we report that combinatorial action of the auxin influx carrier AUX1, ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE2 (EIN2) , and GNOM genes mediates the vector for coordinate hair positioning. In aux1;ein2;gnom eb triple mutant roots, hairs display axial (apical or basal) instead of coordinate polar (basal) position, and recruitment of Rho-of-Plant (ROP) GTPases to the hair initiation site reveals the same polar-to-axial switch. The auxin concentration gradient is virtually abolished in aux1;ein2;gnom eb roots, where locally applied auxin can coordinate hair positioning. Moreover, auxin overproduction in sectors of wild-type roots enhances planar ROP and hair polarity over long and short distances. Hence, auxin may provide vectorial information for planar polarity that requires combinatorial AUX1, EIN2, and GNOM activity upstream of ROP positioning.
authors.affiliation: Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Urs
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ljung
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Serralbo
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Renze
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heidstra
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Palme
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Scheres
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grebe
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000166:cytology* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000187:drug effects; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D010641:Phenotype; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: C100794:AUX1 protein, Arabidopsis; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C119963:EIN2 protein, Arabidopsis; D005030:Ethylenes; C088087:GNOM protein, Arabidopsis; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C036216:ethylene