title: Staff nurse empowerment in line and staff organizational structures for chief nurse executives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors tested a model linking chief nurse executive (CNE) organizational structures (line and staff) to staff nurse perceptions of workplace empowerment in 2 large Canadian hospitals.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Kanter's theoretical constructs of empowerment (ie, access to information, support, resources and opportunity, and formal and informal power) were used to explore this phenomena. No published studies were found linking organizational structure to staff nurse empowerment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Staff nurses (n = 256) were surveyed in 2 large teaching hospitals, one with a CNE in a line structure, the other with a CNE in a staff structure. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the proposed model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Staff nurses with a CNE in a line structure felt significantly more empowered in their access to resources than nurses with a CNE in a staff structure. Kanter's empowerment structures explained 63% of the variance in nurses' global empowerment in a line structure and 42% in the staff structure. Access to information, resources, and formal power was an important predictor of nurses' global empowerment in the line hospital, whereas only access to support was a significant predictor in the staff hospital.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Support for the model tested in this study highlights the importance of the CNE in creating and sustaining healthy work environments for nurses.
authors.affiliation: Ontario Ministry of Health and Long Term Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. sue.matthews@moh.gov.on.ca
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: Heather K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Spence Laschinger
authors.forename: Lynne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Johnstone
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003659:Decision Making, Organizational; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006754:Hospital Restructuring / Q000458:organization & administration; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D007857:Leadership; D016294:Models, Nursing; D017146:Models, Organizational; D009718:Nurse Administrators / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000523:psychology; D024802:Nurse's Role / Q000523:psychology; D015401:Nursing Administration Research; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000523:psychology; D009864:Ontario; D015279:Organizational Culture; D011209:Power, Psychological; D017009:Professional Autonomy; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017132:Workplace / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000523:psychology