title: Predisposing factors for small colon impaction in horses and outcome of medical and surgical treatment: 44 cases (1999-2004).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify factors associated with development of small colon impaction in horses and with selection of medical versus surgical treatment and to determine the prognosis for affected horses following medical or surgical management.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  44 horses with primary impaction of the small colon.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records were reviewed for signalment, history, clinical findings, treatment (medical vs surgical), hospitalization time, and outcome. For comparison purposes, the same information was collected for 83 horses with primary impaction of the large colon.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diarrhea was the only factor found to be associated with development of small colon impaction. Horses with small colon impaction were 10.8 times as likely to have diarrhea at the time of initial examination as were horses with large colon impaction. Abdominal distension was the only factor associated with use of surgical versus medical treatment. Horses with small colon impaction that were treated surgically were 5.2 times as likely to have had abdominal distension at the time of admission as were horses with small colon impaction that were treated medically. Overall, 21 of 23 (91%) horses treated medically and 20 of 21 (95%) horses treated surgically survived to discharge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that diarrhea may be a risk factor for development of small colon impaction and that horses with small colon impaction that have abdominal distension at the time of initial examination are more likely to require surgical than medical treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Frederico
authors.forename: Samuel L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Anthony T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Blikslager
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D002400:Cathartics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary; D005244:Fecal Impaction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D006736:Horses; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002400:Cathartics