Dalbavancin: a review for dermatologists.
Most complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSI) are caused by Staphylococcus aurens (SA) and streptococcus (SC). More and more isolates of SA and SC are resistant to methicillin (MRSA) and there are concerns that SA will become resistant to vancomycin (VRSA), the current standard of treatment. Dalbavancin (BI397) is a novel semisynthetic lipoglycopeptide that was designed to improve uon the natural glycopeptides currently available, vancomycin and teicoplanin. Phase-III clinical trials comprising more than 1,500 patients evaluating once-weekly dalbavancin in skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) associated with Gram-positive bacteria met the primary endpoint of non-inferiority in patients whose clinical response was evaluated at 2 weeks following therapy when compared to linezolid, cefazolin, or vancomycin, the three most widely administered standard-of-care agents for SSTIs. The side effect profile of dalbavancin is mild, with headache and pyrexia being the most adverse effects. Once-a-week dosing with dalbavancin may obviate the need for the continued presence of IV lines in some patients, which could translate into fewer local infections and blood stream infections and which could facilitate transfer of the patients to skilled nursing facilities. Unlike other new antibiotics, such as oritavancin and tigecycline, dalbavancin is not active against vancomycin-resistant enterococcus or VRSA. Its approval by the FDA is expected soon. The extent to which dalbavancin will supplant vancomycin and whether it will be preferred other newer agents such as linezolid.
Scheinfeld
Noah
N
Department of Dermatology, St Lukes Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, USA. Scheinfeld@earthlink.net
D000081:Acetamides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D017326:Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000139:chemically induced; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006261:Headache / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D000069349:Linezolid; D008297:Male; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D023303:Oxazolidinones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011817:Rabbits; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D017192:Skin Diseases, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013207:Staphylococcal Skin Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D017334:Teicoplanin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000494:pharmacology
D000081:Acetamides; D023303:Oxazolidinones; D017334:Teicoplanin; D014640:Vancomycin; C469289:dalbavancin; D000069349:Linezolid