title: Presence of activated T lymphocytes in peripheral blood of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients predicts impaired prognosis.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that a high level of peripheral blood (PB) T-lymphocyte activation in vivo predicts impaired prognosis with and without adjustment for TNM stage in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if PB T-lymphocyte activation in vivo is associated with the presence of, stage of and prognosis of HNSCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-two patients with newly diagnosed HNSCC and 15 control patients were studied. PB T-lymphocyte activation was assessed by measuring by flow cytometry the percentage of PB T lymphocytes (CD3 + ) showing the early activation-related cell surface epitopes CD69+ or CD71+ (transferrin receptor) or the late activation epitopes CD25+ (IL-2 receptor) or HLA-DR+.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in expression of T-lymphocyte activation markers between HNSCC patients and control patients, or any difference dependent on TNMG stage. In HNSCC patients a high percentage of CD71+ T lymphocytes predicted worse prognosis with a relative risk (RR) of 2.38 (confidence interval (CI): 1.04-5.47). A high mean value of the early (CD69 + /CD71 + ) (RR 2.37; CI: 1.06-5.29) or late (CD25 + /HLA-DR + ) (RR 3.31; CI: 1.39-7.88) activation markers also predicted worse prognosis. Following adjustment for TNM stage, high mean value of the early activation epitopes CD71+ (RR 2.89; CI: 1.22-6.85), the mean value of CD69 + /CD71+ (RR 2.58; CI: 1.12-5.91) and CD25 + /HLA-DR+ (RR 2.75; CI: 1.14-6.62) predicted worse prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Hans Jørgen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Aarstad
authors.forename: John-Helge
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Heimdal
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Klementsen
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olofsson
authors.forename: Elling
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ulvestad
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets; D011379:Prognosis; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*