title: Effects of repeated fluoride varnish application on different restorative surfaces.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the effect of repeated (twice) applications of two fluoride varnishes (Duraflor and CavityShield) on the surface micromorphology of a high-viscosity glass ionomer (Fuji IX GP), a compomer (F2000), and a flowable composite (Filtek Flow) using a profilometer and scanning electron microscope (SEM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen specimens were prepared from each material, surface roughness (Ra) was measured with a profilometer, and an impression was made for epoxy replicas. The fluoride varnishes were applied to the experimental specimens of each material at repeated intervals of 48 hours. For all specimens, Ra was measured and SEM replicas were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final Ra of glass ionomer was 3.49 +/- 0.59 (mean +/- SD) for CavityShield, 4.69 +/- 1.33 for Duraflor, and 2.96 +/- 1.53 for the controls. The final Ra of flowable composite was 0.53 +/- 0.20 for CavityShield, 2.61 +/- 3.08 for Duraflor, and 0.15 +/- 0.09 for controls. For glass ionomer and flowable composite, Duraflor was associated with a significantly higher roughness at the final measurement compared to controls (P < 0.05). SEM micrographs showed differing surface topographies which in many specimens confirmed Ra analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fuji IX GP and Filtek Flow showed significantly higher roughness after two applications of Duraflor compared to controls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Texas Dental Branch, Houston, TX, USA. Fouad.S.Salama@uth.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Fouad S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Salama
authors.forename: K Marche'
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Schulte
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Iseman
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Reinhardt
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D020770:Compomers; D003188:Composite Resins; D045662:Dental Etching; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D020770:Compomers; D003188:Composite Resins; C120870:Duraflor; C118368:F2000 cement; C467913:Filtek Flow; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; C454339:cavity shield; C110713:fuji IX