title: Efficacy and safety of monotherapy with mycophenolate mofetil in liver transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) as monotherapy in liver transplant patients who have adverse effects associated with calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen patients, 13 men and four women, mean age 62 years, who received a liver transplant between 1998 and 2003 and initial immunosuppressive therapy with CNIs (10 tacrolimus and seven cyclosporine), were converted to monotherapy with MMF due to adverse events associated with CNIs: chronic renal failure in 16 patients (four with diabetes mellitus and seven with hypertension) and neurotoxicity in one patient. The mean time between transplant and starting monotherapy was 32 months (range: 18 to 70) and the mean follow-up time on monotherapy was 20 months (range: 8 to 39). MMF was introduced gradually at the same time as the CNIs were reduced.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a progressive decrease in creatinine during the initial months. Compared with baseline levels, the differences at 3 and 6 months of monotherapy were significant (P < .001), remaining so throughout the follow-up period. Renal function improved in 15 of 17 patients (88%) and normalized in 10 of 17 (60%). The patient with neurotoxicity due to CNI improved. One patient (6%) had moderate rejection that was corrected after reintroducing tacrolimus. In two patients it was necessary to suspend MMF, one due to gastrointestinal intolerance and the other due to severe myelotoxicity and Pneumocystis jiroveci infection. Other, minor adverse events were corrected by adjusting the dose: one herpes zoster, two diarrhea, and two anemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Monotherapy with MMF efficiently and safely corrected renal dysfunction associated with CNIs, with few side effects and a low incidence of rejection.
authors.affiliation: Hepatology-Liver Transplant Unit, Hospital Universitario Carlos Haya, Malaga, Spain. mjimenezp@medynet.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Pérez
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lozano Rey
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marín García
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Olmedo Martín
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de la Cruz Lombardo
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rodrigo López
mesh_terms: D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012449:Safety; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D003404:Creatinine; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid