title: Functional genome analysis indicates loss of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 enzyme in the zebrafish.
abstract: Among the family of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases, the type 2 (17beta-HSD 2) is the main enzyme responsible for inactivation of estrogens and androgens, catalyzing the oxidation of the C17 hydroxyl group. 17beta-HSD 2 has been studied only in mammals, its occurrence and function in other vertebrates hardly known. We investigated the presence of homologs in non-mammalian species and found sequences of 17beta-HSD 2 and its closest homolog 11beta-HSD 2 in zebrafish (Danio rerio), Takifugu rubripes, Tetraodon nigroviridis, Xenopus tropicalis and chicken databases. Furthermore, we cloned zebrafish 17beta-HSD 2 from ovarian tissue and found high expression also in the testis of adult fish and throughout embryogenesis. The enzyme, though, is inactive likely due to a non-sense N-terminal region including a dysfunctional cofactor binding motif. Replacement of the affected part by the corresponding human 17beta-HSD 2 sequence fully restored enzymatic activity. Comparison of all retrieved 17beta-HSD 2 sequences indicates that this functional loss may have occurred only in zebrafish, where steroid inactivation at position C17 seems to pursue without the protein studied. The closely related 11beta-HSD 2 is unlikely to substitute for 17beta-HSD 2 since in our hands it did not catalyze the respective oxidation of testosterone or estradiol.
authors.affiliation: GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mindnich
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hrabe de Angelis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Adamski
mesh_terms: D015067:17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D030562:Databases, Protein; D016678:Genome; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics*; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; D015067:17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; C044256:3 (or 17)-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase