title: Percutaneous radiofrequency thermal ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radiofrequency thermal ablation is the first therapeutic option in percutaneous treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma but data on its long-term efficacy and safety are not conclusive.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study reports a prospective survey on radiofrequency thermal ablation in north-east Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected on 401 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (males 301, mean age: 68 years) treated by radiofrequency thermal ablation in 13 centres. Indication to treatment was: single nodule not eligible for surgery in 77% of patients, 2-3 nodes in 18% and multiple lesions in 5%. Mean size was 3 cm (1-8 cm). Treatment response was assessed at 1 month by spiral computerized tomography and then with ultrasound examination and new spiral computerized tomography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete response was obtained in 67% of patients and in 27% response was 75-99%. Complete response raised to 77% in lesions smaller than 3 cm. The morbidity rate was 34%; the mortality was 0.5%, seeding was observed in four patients. Ten patients presented an unexpected rapid disease progression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The above data show that by radiofrequency thermal ablation, complete response can be achieved only in about two-third of the cases, clearly less than expected, and that, beyond seeding, unexpected progression can be observed.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Gastroenterologiche, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baldan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: DE Giorgio
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Angonese
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Cillo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Alessandro
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Masotto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Massani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazzucco
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miola
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Neri
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Paccagnella
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pivetta
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stellato
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tommasi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tremolada
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tufano
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zanus
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Farinati
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome