title: Increased plasma oxidized phospholipid:apolipoprotein B-100 ratio with concomitant depletion of oxidized phospholipids from atherosclerotic lesions after dietary lipid-lowering: a potential biomarker of early atherosclerosis regression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxidized phospholipids (OxPL) are pro-inflammatory. We evaluated whether changes in plasma levels of OxPL associated with apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) reflect changes in OxPL content in atherosclerotic plaques during dietary-induced atherosclerosis progression and regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  OxPL content was measured in plasma and immunohistochemically in aortic plaques with antibody E06 in cynomolgus monkeys and New Zealand White rabbits at baseline, after a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet and after reversion to normal chow. The OxPL/apoB ratio, representing the content of OxPL on individual apoB-100 particles, and Total apoB-OxPL (OxPL/apoB multiplied by plasma apoB levels), reflecting the OxPL content on all apoB-100 particles, were measured. Total apoB-OxPL plasma levels increased 3-fold (P<0.0001) during hypercholesterolemia and decreased approximately 75% (P<0.0001) during reversion to normocholesterolemia. In contrast, OxPL/apoB levels decreased significantly (P<0.0001) during hypercholesterolemia and increased significantly (P=0.0002) during reversion to normocholesterolemia. Immunostaining revealed that during atherosclerosis progression OxPL co-localized with apoB-100, whereas during regression OxPL virtually disappeared.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the setting of overall reduction of plasma OxPL levels after dietary lipid-lowering, increases in the OxPL/apoB ratio reflect reduced content of OxPL in atherosclerotic plaques. These data suggest that changes in the OxPL/apoB ratio may reflect early atherosclerosis regression.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, USA. stsimikas@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Sotirios
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsimikas
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aikawa
authors.forename: Francis J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Elizabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torzewski
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lentz
authors.forename: Claes
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bergmark
authors.forename: Donald D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Heistad
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Libby
authors.forename: Joseph L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Witztum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D053299:Apolipoprotein B-100 / Q000097:blood*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D000075202:Contraindications; D018450:Disease Progression; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008297:Male; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000097:blood*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D053299:Apolipoprotein B-100; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D010743:Phospholipids