title: Inhibition of TGFbeta1-mediated PAI-1 induction by oltipraz through selective interruption of Smad 3 activation.
abstract: Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFbeta1) induces plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) as a major target protein. PAI-1 is associated with fibrosis, thrombosis, and metabolic disorders. TGFbeta1 induces PAI-1 via phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smads. Oltipraz inhibits TGFbeta1 expression and also regenerates cirrhotic liver. Nevertheless, whether oltipraz modulates TGFbeta1-mediated cell signaling is unclear. First, this study examined the effect of oltipraz on PAI-1 expression in cirrhotic rat liver. The cells immunochemically stained with anti-PAI-1 antibody accumulated around and within fibrous nodules in cirrhotic liver, which was notably decreased by oltipraz treatment. Next, whether oltipraz inhibits TGFbeta1-mediated Smads activation or Smad-mediated PAI-1 induction was determined in L929 fibroblasts. Oltipraz inhibited the ability of TGFbeta1 to induce PAI-1, as indicated by repression of TGFbeta1-mediated luciferase induction from the plasmid comprising the human PAI-1 promoter and of TGFbeta1-induced Smad-DNA-binding activity. TGFbeta1 induced nuclear transport of receptor-regulated Smad 2 and Smad 3, of which oltipraz selectively inhibited the transport and phosphorylation of Smad 3, thereby reducing formation of Smad 3/4 complex in the nucleus. In summary, oltipraz inhibits PAI-1 induction via a decrease in the formation of Smad 3/4 complex due to selective interruption of Smad 3 activation, indicating that oltipraz regulates the cellular responses downstream of ligand-activated TGFbeta1 receptor.
authors.affiliation: National Research Laboratory, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Il Je
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Sun Hwa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang Geon
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D051785:Smad Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013871:Thiones; D013876:Thiophenes; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D011719:Pyrazines; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D051785:Smad Proteins; D013871:Thiones; D013876:Thiophenes; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; C026209:oltipraz