title: Prognosis and prognostic factors in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in Japan: results from a nationwide study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate prognosis and prognostic factors in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  A nationwide epidemiological study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospitals selected randomly from among all hospitals in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and epidemiological information for 2155 patients with HCM were collected in 1999.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were classified on the basis of baseline prognostic factors. Survival rates up to 5 years were calculated by Cox's proportional hazard model for 1605 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the follow-up period, 241 deaths were recorded. The crude 5-year survival rate for the entire cohort was 86% (95% CI 84 to 88), and annual mortality ranged from 2.2% to 3.0%. A higher cardiothoracic ratio on chest x ray (HR 1.61; 95% CI 1.26 to 2.05, with 1 SD (6.2%) increase), a lower left ventricular ejection fraction (HR 1.42; 95% CI 1.20 to 1.69, with 1 SD (13%) decrease) and the presence of left bundle branch block (HR 3.14; 95% CI 1.28 to 7.71) were independently associated with a poorer prognosis, whereas the presence of apical hypertrophy at baseline (HR 0.58; 95%CI 0.36 to 0.92) predicted a better chance of survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The nationwide survey of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy yielded important information on its prognosis and prognostic factors. These observations afford, for the first time, a measure of risk stratification in patients with HCM in Japan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nasermoaddeli
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsumori
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Soyama
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kitabatake
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inaba
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002037:Bundle-Branch Block / Q000150:complications; D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012306:Risk; D013318:Stroke Volume; D015996:Survival Rate