title: Electrocardiogram-independent image reconstruction in cardiac multidetector computed tomography using retrospective motion synchronization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to evaluate an electrocardiogram (ECG)-independent image reconstruction technique for coronary computed tomography (CT)-angiography based on cardiac motion.
  
  
  METHODS
  The raw data from 20 patients was reconstructed with both an ECG-gated algorithm and a motion-dependent algorithm that calculates the cardiac motion-function directly from the CT raw data using a center of mass technique. Images were reconstructed in 5% steps over the R-R interval and the cardiac motion-cycle. For both approaches multiplanar reformations were created and the set of images with the least motion artifacts was used for the evaluation. Motion artifacts affecting the ascending aorta, the left main coronary artery and the entire course of the LAD, LCX and RCA were scored using a 5-point scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean optimal reconstruction window was at 60% of the R-R interval and 30% of the cardiac motion cycle. A total of 73 of 100 vascular regions showed no motion artifacts in ECG-gated images, with the motion-synchronized algorithm only 41 regions were free of motion artifacts. The mean motion-score was 1.4 (+/-0.6) and 2.4 (+/-1.2) respectively (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the currently implemented form the motion-gated algorithm is inferior to ECG-gated image reconstruction but can be used in patients with an incomplete or corrupt ECG-signal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany. seifarth@uni-muenster.de
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seifarth
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maintz
authors.forename: Kai-Uwe
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Jürgens
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bruder
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Heindel
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fischbach
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016477:Artifacts; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D009038:Motion; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D011786:Quality Control; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods