title: The antitumor activity of thymoquinone and thymohydroquinone in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to investigate antitumor activity of thymoquinone (TQ) and thymohydroquinone (THQ) in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the in vitro experiments, L929 mouse broblasts and two tumor cell lines (squamous cell carcinoma (SCC VII) and fibrosarcoma (FsaR)) were used. The cells were cultured with 0.1 or 0.01 mg/ml TQ or THQ for 24 h, and cytotoxicity assay was performed with the use of crystal violet staining technique. For in vivo antitumor efficiency evaluation of new compounds two murine tumor models (fibrosarcoma (FsaR) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC VII)) were used. The used dose was equal for both substances. Antitumor effect of 4 intratumoral injections of TQ and THQ at the dose of 5 mg/kg was evaluated by comparison of tumor growth kinetics between treated and control animals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro study showed that TQ and THQ exhibit statistically significant cytotoxic activity (p less, similar 0.01). The cytotoxic activity was dose dependent and more expressed against tumor cells than against L929 fibroblasts. The result of antitumor activities of TQ and THQ in vivo reached TGI = 52% and it was statistically significant (p less, similar 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that THQ antitumor activity may be improved with further dose increase of the investigated substance.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ivankovic
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stojkovic
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jukic
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Milos
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Milos
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jurin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D013943:Thymol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016227:Benzoquinones; C003465:thymohydroquinone; D013943:Thymol; C003466:thymoquinone