title: How should functional imaging of patients with disorders of consciousness contribute to their clinical rehabilitation needs?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We discuss the problems of evidence-based neurorehabilitation in disorders of consciousness, and recent functional neuroimaging data obtained in the vegetative state and minimally conscious state.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Published data are insufficient to make recommendations for or against any of the neurorehabilitative treatments in vegetative state and minimally conscious state patients. Electrophysiological and functional imaging studies have been shown to be useful in measuring residual brain function in noncommunicative brain-damaged patients. Despite the fact that such studies could in principle allow an objective quantification of the putative cerebral effect of rehabilitative treatment in the vegetative state and minimally conscious state, they have so far not been used in this context.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Without controlled studies and careful patient selection criteria it will not be possible to evaluate the potential of therapeutic interventions in disorders of consciousness. There also is a need to elucidate the neurophysiological effects of such treatments. Integration of multimodal neuroimaging techniques should eventually improve our ability to disentangle differences in outcome on the basis of underlying mechanisms and better guide our therapeutic options in the challenging patient populations encountered following severe acute brain damage.
authors.affiliation: Cyclotron Research Center and Neurology Department, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium. steven.laureys@ulg.ac.be
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Laureys
authors.forename: Joseph T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Giacino
authors.forename: Nicholas D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Schiff
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schabus
authors.forename: Adrian M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Owen
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D018458:Persistent Vegetative State / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis