title: Secondary bacterial keratitis associated with shield ulcer caused by vernal conjunctivitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a patient with vernal keratoconjunctivitis-induced shield ulcer superinfected with Staphylococcus aureus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational case report. A 12-year-old boy who had been followed for vernal keratoconjunctivitis for 3 years was admitted to our clinic complaining of visual loss, photophobia, and a ropy discharge. On slit-lamp examination, a transversely oval shield ulcer, which was situated in the center of the superior third of the cornea, was seen in the left eye. The vernal corneal plaque area and margins were infiltrated, and hypopyon was also observed. With the diagnosis of shield ulcer with secondary bacterial keratitis and hypopyon, the patient underwent medical treatment consisting of topical fortified cefazolin (50 mg/mL) and tobramycin (14 mg/mL), lodoxamide 0.1%, prednisolone acetate 1%, cyclopentolate, and systemic cetirizine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After treatment, the bacterial keratitis, shield ulcer, and inflammation in the anterior chamber disappeared.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bacterial keratitis associated with shield ulcer may be rarely observed in patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Prompt diagnosis and treatment may prevent permanent complications and vision loss.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Başkent University, Faculty of Medicine, Bahçelievler, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sansal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gedik
authors.forename: Yonca A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Akova
authors.forename: Sirel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gür
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002437:Cefazolin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D003233:Conjunctivitis, Allergic / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D003320:Corneal Ulcer / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D003519:Cyclopentolate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010072:Oxamic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014031:Tobramycin / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; C009935:prednisolone acetate; D011239:Prednisolone; D003519:Cyclopentolate; D002437:Cefazolin; D010072:Oxamic Acid; C021702:lodoxamide ethyl; D014031:Tobramycin