title: Current concepts: contact lens related Pseudomonas keratitis.
abstract: Despite the development of silicone hydrogel lenses, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) continues to be the leading cause of contact lens related microbial keratitis. Understanding the pathogenesis of PA-mediated corneal infection is critical to the development of new prevention and treatment strategies. Recently intracellular invasion of surface corneal epithelial cells by PA has been revisited as an important element in the infection process. This review identifies the mechanisms involved, and examines the roles of the lens, hypoxia alone, PA stain, cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor protein (CFTR), and membrane lipid rafts in mediating intracellular invasion in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Non-toxic blockade of raft formation in vitro or in vivo effectively abrogates PA internalization and may represent a unique, new strategy to prevent or ameliorate lens-related PA microbial keratitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9057, USA.
authors.forename: Danielle M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: W Matthew
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Petroll
authors.forename: James V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Jester
authors.forename: H Dwight
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Cavanagh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002772:Cholera Toxin; D003261:Contact Lenses / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003315:Cornea / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D019573:Epithelium, Corneal / Q000382:microbiology; D005123:Eye / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007634:Keratitis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D021962:Membrane Microdomains / Q000502:physiology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D011817:Rabbits; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; D002772:Cholera Toxin