title: Estradiol activates mast cells via a non-genomic estrogen receptor-alpha and calcium influx.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Allergic airway diseases are more common in females than in males during early adulthood. A relationship between female hormones and asthma prevalence and severity has been suggested, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms are not understood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the mechanism(s) by which estrogens enhance the synthesis and release of mediators of acute hypersensitivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two mast cell/basophil cell lines (RBL-2H3 and HMC-1) and primary cultures of bone marrow derived mast cells, all of which naturally express estrogen receptor-alpha, were examined. Cells were incubated with physiological concentrations of 17-beta-estradiol with and without IgE and allergens. Intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations and the release of beta-hexosaminidase and leukotriene C(4) were quantified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Estradiol alone induced partial release of the preformed, granular protein beta-hexosaminidase from RBL-2H3, BMMC and HMC-1, but not from BMMC derived from estrogen receptor-alpha knock-out mice. The newly synthesized LTC(4) was also released from RBL-2H3. Estradiol also enhanced IgE-induced degranulation and potentiated LTC(4) production. Intracellular Ca(2+) concentration increased prior to and in parallel with mediator release. Estrogen receptor antagonists or Ca(2+) chelation inhibited these estrogenic effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Binding of physiological concentrations of estradiol to a membrane estrogen receptor-alpha initiates a rapid onset and progressive influx of extracellular Ca(2+), which supports the synthesis and release of allergic mediators. Estradiol also enhances IgE-dependent mast cell activation, resulting in a shift of the allergen dose response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Center, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0366, USA.
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaitsu
authors.forename: Shin-Ichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Narita
authors.forename: K Chad
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Grady
authors.forename: D Mark
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Estes
authors.forename: Edward M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Curran
authors.forename: Edward G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: Cheryl S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Randall M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Goldblum
authors.forename: Terumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Midoro-Horiuti
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D002460:Cell Line; D004958:Estradiol / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000172:deficiency / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D017997:Leukotriene C4 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D051381:Rats; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D001619:beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D017997:Leukotriene C4; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D004958:Estradiol; D001619:beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases