title: The association of left ventricular mass with blood pressure, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption; data from the LARGE Heart study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Left ventricular mass is a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although factors associated with elevated left ventricular mass have been sought and studied extensively in elderly and in diseased subjects, few studies have examined the young and healthy. The aim of this study was to examine the possible influence of lifestyle on left ventricular mass in a large group of young men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Left ventricular mass was assessed using cardiovascular magnetic resonance in 541 healthy Caucasian male army recruits. Anthropometric, lifestyle and blood pressure data were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean unadjusted left ventricular mass and left ventricular mass indexed to body surface area were 163.8+/-24.9 g and 86.6+/-10.2 g m(-2) respectively. In univariate analysis, age, height, weight, alcohol consumption, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and indices of physical activity were positively associated with unadjusted left ventricular mass (all P<0.02). By contrast, smoking was associated with lower mean left ventricular mass; never smoked 167.5+/-25.8 g vs ex-smokers 159.1+/-25.2 g vs current smokers 161.0+/-23.1 g (P=0.007). Multivariate analysis revealed weight, systolic blood pressure, smoking status and indices of physical activity to be independent predictors of left ventricular mass.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data confirm an association of age, body weight, height, physical activity, diastolic and systolic blood pressure with left ventricular mass. In addition, unexpectedly, we have found smoking is associated with lower left ventricular mass in a large sample of young healthy men. Although the latter association may result from confounding effects, such an interesting observation deserves further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, BHF Laboratories, Royal Free and University College Medical School, 5 University Street, London, UK.
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: Laurence E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: Kyriacos I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Eleftheriou
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hawe
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stronge
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Banham
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: World
authors.forename: Steve E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Humphries
authors.forename: Dudley J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Pennell
authors.forename: Hugh E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Montgomery
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D049628:Body Size; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D012016:Reference Values; D012907:Smoking; D044465:White People