title: Maternal kidney stones during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes, particularly congenital abnormalities in the offspring.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The possible adverse birth outcomes, particularly congenital abnormalities (CAs) in pregnant women with kidney stones (KS) previously have not been evaluated; therefore, we decided to study this possible association.
  
  
  METHODS
  The population-based data set of the Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance of CAs, 1980-1996, was used for this analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 22,843 newborns or fetuses with CAs, 69 (0.30%) had mothers with KS during pregnancy. Of 38,151 matched control newborns without any abnormalities, 147 (0.39%) had KS during pregnancy. KS were associated with an adjusted prevalence odds ratio (POR) with 95% CI of 0.8, 0.6-1.0 for CAs. A higher prevalence of maternal KS during the first trimester of pregnancy was not found in any CA group. There was no higher rate of preterm birth and low birthweight in the newborns of pregnant women with KS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no higher risk for adverse birth outcomes particularly CAs in the offspring of mothers with KS and related drug treatments during pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bánhidy
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Acs
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Puhó
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Czeizel
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006814:Hungary / Q000453:epidemiology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D015995:Prevalence; D012306:Risk