title: Direct Facial-to-Hypoglossal Neurorrhaphy with Parotid Release.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Facial nerve paralysis or compromise can be caused by lesions of the temporal bone and cerebellopontine angle and their treatment. When the facial nerve is transected or severely compromised and primary end-to-end repair is not possible, hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis remains the most popular method for accomplishing three main goals: restoring facial tone, restoring facial symmetry, and facilitating return of voluntary facial movement. Our objectives are to evaluate the surgical feasibility and long-term outcomes of our technique of direct facial-to-hypoglossal neurorrhaphy with a parotid-release maneuver.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic tertiary care referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients with facial paralysis from proximal nerve injury underwent the facial-hypoglossal neurorrhaphy with a parotid-release maneuver.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Repaired Facial Nerve Recovery Scale, questionnaires, and photographs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Facial-hypoglossal neurorrhaphy with parotid release was technically feasible in all cases, and anastomosis was performed distal to the origin of the ansa hypoglossi. All patients had good return of facial nerve function. Nine patients had scores of C or better, indicating strong eyelid and oral sphincter closure and mass motion. There was no hemilingual atrophy and no subjective tongue dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The parotid-release maneuver mobilizes additional length to the facial nerve, facilitating a tensionless communication distal to the ansa hypoglossi. The technique is a viable option for facial reanimation, and our patients achieved good clinical outcomes with continual improvement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: J Thomas
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Roland
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Lee M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Klausner
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Miller