title: Primary angiosarcoma of the bladder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Primary bladder angiosarcomas are extremely rare, and their clinical and pathologic features are not well described.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To further refine the clinical features of primary bladder angiosarcomas and define their pathologic spectra.
  
  
  METHODS
  Relevant sources were identified using MEDLINE and a subsequent bibliographic search of all pertinent reports and reviews. We also searched the M. D. Anderson pathology archives.
  
  
  METHODS
  After excluding 4 cases that likely secondarily involved the bladder, we identified 9 true primary bladder angiosarcomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were extracted on the following: demographics, clinical presentation, predisposing factors, gross pathology, microscopic pathology, immunophenotype, therapy, and outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Primary bladder angiosarcomas were found at a mean age of 64.2 years, with a male-female ratio of 8:1. Two cases arose in a postirradiation setting. Primary bladder angiosarcomas typically presented with hematuria and were grossly hemorrhagic, raised masses (mean size, 6.7 cm) of the trigone and/or dome. Histologically, most showed classic anastomosing channels lined by plump hyperchromatic cells, though many showed variant histology such as solid growth and epithelioid cytology. Three (43%) of 7 patients died within a year, but only 1 patient died with evidence of disease. The remaining patients were alive at the time of publication of their respective cases (mean, 22 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary angiosarcomas of the bladder are typically rare tumors of middle-aged and elderly men that present with locally advanced disease and show a wide histologic spectrum. However, their prognosis may be better than previously thought.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa 15217, USA. seethalarr@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Raja R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Seethala
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.forename: Funda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vakar-Lopez
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006394:Hemangiosarcoma / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006417:Hematuria / Q000209:etiology*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000098:blood supply*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*