The genetic regulation of pigment cell development.
Pigment cells in developing vertebrates are derived from a transient and pluripotent population of cells called neural crest. The neural crest delaminates from the developing neural tube and overlying ectoderm early in development. The pigment cells are the only derivative to migrate along the dorso-lateral pathway. As they migrate, the precursor pigment cell population differentiates and expands through proliferation and pro-survival processes, ultimately contributing to the coloration of organisms. The types of pigment cells that develop, timing of these processes, and final destination can vary between organisms. Studies from mice, chick, Xenopus, zebrafish, and medaka have led to the identification of many genes that regulate pigment cell development. These include several classes of proteins: transcription factors, transmembrane receptors, and extracellular ligands. This chapter discusses an overview of pigment cell development and the genes that regulate this important process.
Silver
Debra L
DL
Genetic Diseases Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Room 4A51, Bldg. 49, 49 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Hou
Ling
L
Pavan
William J
WJ
D000818:Animals; D019521:Body Patterning; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002465:Cell Movement; D002470:Cell Survival; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006801:Humans; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D008954:Models, Biological; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000166:cytology; D010858:Pigmentation; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014981:Xenopus
D051153:Wnt Proteins