title: Noise contribution to the correlation between temperature-induced localized reflectance of diabetic skin and blood glucose.
abstract: We used the effect of temperature on the localized reflectance of human skin to assess the role of noise sources on the correlation between temperature-induced fractional change in optical density of human skin (DeltaOD(T)) and blood glucose concentration [BG]. Two temperature-controlled optical probes at 30 degrees C contacted the skin, one was then cooled by -10 degrees C; the other was heated by +10 degrees C. DeltaOD(T) upon cooling or heating was correlated with capillary [BG] of diabetic volunteers over a period of three days. Calibration models in the first two days were used to predict [BG] in the third day. We examined the conditions where the correlation coefficient (R2) for predicting [BG] in a third day ranked higher than R2 values resulting from fitting permutations of randomized [BG] to the same DeltaOD(T) values. It was possible to establish a four-term linear regression correlation between DeltaOD(T) upon cooling and [BG] with a correlation coefficient higher than that of an established noise threshold in diabetic patients that were mostly females with less than 20 years of diabetes duration. The ability to predict [BG] values with a correlation coefficient above biological and body-interface noise varied between the cases of cooling and heating.
authors.affiliation: Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road Abbott Park, Illinois 60064, USA.
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Lowery
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Calfin
authors.forename: Shu-Jen
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Doan
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shain
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hohs
authors.forename: Stan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kantor
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lindberg
authors.forename: Omar S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Khalil
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016477:Artifacts; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001831:Body Temperature; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010783:Photometry / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012867:Skin / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose