title: Effect of normal saline infusion on the diagnostic utility of base deficit in identifying major injury in trauma patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Base deficit (BD) is a reliable marker of metabolic acidosis and is useful in gauging hemorrhage after trauma. Resuscitation with chloride-rich solutions such as normal saline (NS) can cause a dilutional acidosis, possibly confounding the interpretation of BD.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test the diagnostic utility of BD in distinguishing minor from major injury after administration of NS.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective observational study at a Level 1 trauma center. The authors enrolled patients with significant mechanism of injury and measured BD at triage (BD-0) and at four hours after triage (BD-4). Major injury was defined by any of the following: injury severity score of > or =15, drop in hematocrit of > or = 10 points, or the patient requiring a blood transfusion. Patients were divided into a low-volume (NS < 2L) and a high-volume (NS 2L) group. Data were reported as mean (+/-SD). Student's t- and Wilcoxon tests were used to compare data. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves tested the utility of BD-4 in differentiating minor from major injury in the study groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four hundred eighty-nine trauma patients (mean age, 36 [+/-18] yr) were enrolled; 82% were male, and 34% had penetrating injury. Major-(20%) compared with minor-(80%) injury patients were significantly (p = 0.0001) more acidotic (BD-0 mean difference: -3.3 mmol/L; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -2.5 to -4.2). The high-volume group (n = 174) received 3,342 (+/-1,821) mL, and the low-volume group (n = 315) received 621 (+/-509) mL of NS. Areas under the ROC curves for the high-volume (0.63; 95% CI = 0.52 to 0.74) and low-volume (0.73; 95% CI = 0.60 to 0.86) groups were not significantly different from each other.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Base deficit was able to distinguish minor from major injury after four hours of resuscitation, irrespective of the volume of NS infused.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center-Kings County Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA. nephron1@bellatlantic.net
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sinert
authors.forename: Shahriar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zehtabchi
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bloem
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lucchesi
mesh_terms: D000138:Acidosis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D012151:Resuscitation; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D014193:Trauma Centers; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride