title: On the time behaviour of the concentration of pyrazinium radical cations in the early stage of the Maillard reaction.
abstract: During the early stage of the Maillard reaction pyrazinium radical cations were detected by ESR within the reaction system d-glucose/glycine. The spectra were characterized by completely resolved hyperfine structure. The partial pressure of oxygen and the radical concentrations were measured directly in the reaction mixture by ESR using solutions of the spin probe TEMPOL and of DPPH, respectively. There are quantitative and qualitative relations of the actual concentration of the radical ions to the partial pressure of oxygen, the temperature-time regime and the mechanical mixing of the reaction system. These macroscopic parameters significantly affect both the induction period and the velocity of the time-dependent formation of free radicals. From in situ variations of p(O2) and p(Ar) including the connected mixing effects caused by the passing the gases through the reaction mixture, steric and chemical effects of the stabilization of the radical ions were established. The determination of suitable and relevant conditions for stabilization and subsequent radical reactions contributes to the elucidation of the macroscopically known antioxidant activity of Maillard products.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, Humboldt University of Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stoesser
authors.forename: Jeannette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peschke
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zehl
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cämmerer
authors.forename: Lothar W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Kroh
mesh_terms: D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000528:radiation effects; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry; D007477:Ions / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D015416:Maillard Reaction / Q000528:radiation effects; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D005609:Free Radicals; D007477:Ions; D011108:Polymers; D011719:Pyrazines; C011908:melanoidin polymers; D005947:Glucose; D010100:Oxygen