title: 15-Year biochemical relapse free survival in clinical Stage T1-T3 prostate cancer following combined external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy; Seattle experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Long-term biochemical relapse-free survival (BRFS) rates in patients with clinical Stages T1-T3 prostate cancer continue to be scrutinized after treatment with external beam radiation therapy and brachytherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report 15-year BRFS rates on 223 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer that were consecutively treated with I(125) or Pd (103) brachytherapy after 45-Gy neoadjuvant EBRT. Multivariate regression analysis was used to create a pretreatment clinical prognostic risk model using a modified American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology consensus definition (two consecutive serum prostate-specific antigen rises) as the outcome. Gleason scoring was performed by the pathologists at a community hospital. Time to biochemical failure was calculated and compared by using Kaplan-Meier plots.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen-year BRFS for the entire treatment group was 74%. BRFS using the Memorial Sloan-Kettering risk cohort analysis (95% confidence interval): low risk, 88%, intermediate risk 80%, and high risk 53%. Grouping by the risk classification described by D'Amico, the BRFS was: low risk 85.8%, intermediate risk 80.3%, and high risk 67.8% (p = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  I(125) or Pd(103) brachytherapy combined with supplemental EBRT results in excellent 15-year biochemical control. Different risk group classification schemes lead to different BRFS results in the high-risk group cohorts.
authors.affiliation: Seattle Prostate Institute, Seattle, WA 98104, USA. johnsylvester@seattleprostate.com
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Sylvester
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Blasko
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Millar
authors.forename: Peter F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Orio
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Skoglund
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Galbreath
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Merrick
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001918:Brachytherapy; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010165:Palladium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D011868:Radioisotopes; D010165:Palladium; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen