title: The effects of eicosapentaenoic acid-fortified food on inflammatory markers in healthy subjects--A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study.
abstract: Epidemiological studies showed that habitual fish intakes were associated with lower blood inflammatory markers. In the present study the effects of a fish oil-containing food on inflammatory markers were investigated in healthy, mostly middle-aged subjects (59 men and 82 women) with normal to mildly elevated triglyceride levels. Study subjects were randomly allocated to two groups in a double-blind manner; one group ingested an eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-rich fish oil-fortified drink (0.60 g EPA+0.26 g docosahexaenoic acid/d. EPA group, n=68) for 12 wk. The rest of the subjects took a placebo (control group, n=73). Plasma levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and soluble tumor necrosis factor-receptors 1 and 2 (sTNF-Rs 1 and 2) were measured at the start and end of intervention. EPA concentrations in the total RBC phospholipid fraction significantly increased by 79% in the EPA group at the end of the study, and they changed very little in the control group (+0.68%). The inflammatory markers did not change in either group. It is likely that fish oil does not change hs-CRP or sTNF-Rs 1 or 2 in subjects without active inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Application, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuntaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujioka
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hamazaki
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Itomura
authors.forename: Mingming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huan
authors.forename: Hiroto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sawazaki
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kitajima
authors.forename: Tomohito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hamazaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I / Q000097:blood; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005395:Fish Oils; D010919:Placebos; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid