title: Depression and anxiety in patients with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to determine whether patients with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PXG), associated with vascular disorders, have more depressive and anxiety symptoms than patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and controls without glaucoma. The vascular depression model was tested in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 41 PXG patients, 32 POAG patients and 40 controls. Each subject was diagnosed as having PXG or POAG or chosen as a control patient by an ophthalmologist and then evaluated by a psychiatrist. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, Turkish version; Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS); Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS); Mini Mental State Examination; and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) were administered to all subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HDRS and MADRS scores of the PXG patients were significantly higher than those of the POAG and the control group (chi(2)=9.858, p=.007 and chi(2)=11.618, p=.003, respectively). The HARS scores did not show a significant difference between the patients with PXG or POAG and the control subjects (chi(2)=1.615, p=.446). In each of the three groups, there was no correlation between the HDRS, HARS or MADRS scores and any of the following parameters: duration of glaucoma, medical treatment, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, perimetric stage, cup-disc ratio and number of glaucoma operations (p>.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A relationship between PXG and severity of depressive symptoms was shown by our data. However, no significant difference could be found between the anxiety levels of the three groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Gaziosmanpasa University School of Medicine, Tokat 60100, Turkey. tongabay@superonline.com
authors.forename: Tongabay
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cumurcu
authors.forename: Birgul Elbozan
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Cumurcu
authors.forename: Feryal Cam
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Celikel
authors.forename: Ilker
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Etikan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D017889:Exfoliation Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D015995:Prevalence; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000150:complications