title: Glutathione S-transferase and CYP1A1 gene polymorphisms and non-melanoma skin cancer risk in Italian transplanted patients.
abstract: Solid organ transplant recipients are at higher risk of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), especially basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Genetic alterations in the production of detoxifying enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase (GST) and CYP1A1 may enhance this risk. We investigated the frequency of GST genotypes (GSTM1, GSTM3, GSTT1 and GSTP1) and CYP1A1 in 239 transplant recipients: 107 cases with NMSC and 132 controls free from NMSC matched for type of transplanted organ, duration of transplantation, sex and age. Allele GSTP1*A was associated with a higher risk of NMSC [odds ratio (OR) 1.7 (1.1-2.5); P = 0.017]. Homozygosity for allele GSTP1 Val(105) was lower in cases [OR 0.3 (0.1-0.8); P = 0.012], especially in patients with SCC [OR 0.1 (0.0-0.7); P = 0.012]. A higher risk of BCC was found in patients with GSTM1 null/null [null/null versus A + B, OR 3.1 (1.4-6.8); P = 0.003]. Analysis of allelism and interaction between allelic variants showed significant association between combined GSTM1 and CYP1A1 Val(462) genotypes, where individuals homozygous for the risk allele GSTM1 null and carrying also the allele CYP1A1 Val(462), show a higher risk of developing NMSC [OR 4.5 (1.1-21.4); P = 0.03], especially SCC [OR 6.5 (1.4-34.4); P = 0.01]. GSTP1 polymorphisms are associated with both BCC and SCC risk. GSTM1 polymorphisms seem to be involved in BCC risk, while GSTM1 null/null genotype combined with CYP1A1 allele Val(462) are associated with a higher risk for SCC, indicating that allelism and/or interactions between allelic variants at other loci may also influence the risk of NMSC, particularly SCC.
authors.affiliation: Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Macarena Gomez
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Lira
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Provezza
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Malerba
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Naldi
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Remuzzi
authors.forename: Luigino
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boschiero
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Forni
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rugiu
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Piaserico
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alaibac
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Turco
authors.forename: Giampiero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Girolomoni
authors.forename: Gianpaolo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tessari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D005838:Genotype; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi / Q000235:genetics; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D019737:Transplants
chemical_list: D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C413545:glutathione S-transferase T1; C483009:GSTM3 protein, human; C496556:GSTP1 protein, human