title: Dynamic assessment of school-age children's narrative ability: an experimental investigation of classification accuracy.
abstract: Two experiments examined reliability and classification accuracy of a narration-based dynamic assessment task.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The first experiment evaluated whether parallel results were obtained from stories created in response to 2 different wordless picture books. If so, the tasks and measures would be appropriate for assessing pretest and posttest change within a dynamic assessment format. The second experiment evaluated the extent to which children with language impairments performed differently than typically developing controls on dynamic assessment of narrative language.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the first experiment, 58 1st- and 2nd-grade children told 2 stories about wordless picture books. Stories were rated on macrostructural and microstructural aspects of language form and content, and the ratings were subjected to reliability analyses. In the second experiment, 71 children participated in dynamic assessment. There were 3 phases: a pretest phase, in which children created a story that corresponded to 1 of the wordless picture books from Experiment 1; a teaching phase, in which children attended 2 short mediation sessions that focused on storytelling ability; and a posttest phase, in which children created a story that corresponded to a second wordless picture book from Experiment 1. Analyses compared the pretest and posttest stories that were told by 2 groups of children who received mediated learning (typical and language impaired groups) and a no-treatment control group of typically developing children from Experiment 1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of the first experiment indicated that the narrative measures applied to stories about 2 different wordless picture books had good internal consistency. In Experiment 2, typically developing children who received mediated learning demonstrated a greater amount of pretest to posttest change than children in the language impaired and control groups. Classification analysis indicated better specificity and sensitivity values for measures of response to intervention (modifiability) and posttest storytelling than for measures of pretest storytelling. Observation of modifiability was the single best indicator of language impairment. Posttest measures and modifiability together yielded no misclassifications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The first experiment supported the use of 2 wordless picture books as stimulus materials for collecting narratives before and after mediation within a dynamic assessment paradigm. The second experiment supported the use of dynamic assessment for accurately identifying language impairments in school-age children.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas at Austin, 2504-A Whiteside Avenue, Room 7-214, Austin, TX 78712, USA. lizp@mail.utexas.edu
authors.forename: Elizabeth D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Peña
authors.forename: Ronald B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Gillam
authors.forename: Melynn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malek
authors.forename: Roxanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Felter
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Resendiz
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fiestas
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sabel
mesh_terms: D000043:Abstracting and Indexing; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007807:Language Tests; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008297:Male; D033262:Narration; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013334:Students; D014705:Verbal Behavior