title: Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor protects against MPTP-induced dopaminergic cell death in mice by altering Bcl-2/Bax expression levels.
abstract: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been used for the treatment of neutropenia in hematologic disorders. The neuroprotective effects of G-CSF were reported in neurological disease models. In the present study, we examined whether G-CSF can protect dopaminergic neurons against MPTP-induced cell death in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Mice of one group were injected intraperitoneally with MPTP for five consecutive days, those of another group with MPTP and intraperitoneal G-CSF at 2 days and 1 day before the first MPTP injection, and 30 min before each MPTP injection, while control mice received saline injections. Immunohistochemistry, western blotting analysis, and HPLC were performed to evaluate damage of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein. MPTP induced dopaminergic cell death in the substantia nigra. G-CSF significantly prevented MPTP-induced loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons (p < 0.05), increased Bcl-2 protein and decreased Bax protein expression. Our findings indicate that G-CSF provides neuroprotection against MPTP-induced cell death and this effect is mediated by increasing Bcl-2 expression levels and decreasing Bax expression levels in C57BL/6 mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Xu-Qing
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: Yong-Ri
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oizumi
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shiho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seike
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furuya
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Yoshikuni
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
mesh_terms: D015632:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D019254:Genes, bcl-2 / Q000187:drug effects*; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D017072:Neostriatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010302:Parkinson Disease, Secondary / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D015632:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D004298:Dopamine