title: Computer-simulation technique for low dose computed tomographic screening.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to assess the relative influence of noise and artifact in detecting lung nodules on low dose computed tomographic (CT) screening.
  
  
  METHODS
  We develop the computer-simulation technique that allows tube current simulation and virtual nodule insertion in any CT images. The tube current simulation uses a reduction model that adds random Gaussian noise distribution to existing projection data. The virtual nodules are generated using a dedicated CT simulation tool with same scanner geometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The coefficient of the correlations between the contrast-to-noise ratio of the actual scan and simulated tube current images was 0.98. There was no difference in CT number between virtual nodules and actual nodules [t test results = 0.60, t50(0.01) = 2.70 at 10 mA] and the coefficient of the correlations of the image noise was 0.99.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our technique is useful for systematic evaluation of radiation dose reduction and structure visibility in low-dose CT screening.
authors.affiliation: Division of Diagnosis Radiology, National Hospital Organization Kanagawa Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan. khanai@d4.dion.ne.jp
authors.forename: Kouzou
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hanai
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sekiguchi
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Muramatsu
authors.forename: Ryutaro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kakinuma
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.forename: Ryosuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tuchiiya
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Niki
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*