title: Arc/Arg3.1 mediates homeostatic synaptic scaling of AMPA receptors.
abstract: Homeostatic plasticity may compensate for Hebbian forms of synaptic plasticity, such as long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD), by scaling neuronal output without changing the relative strength of individual synapses. This delicate balance between neuronal output and distributed synaptic weight may be necessary for maintaining efficient encoding of information across neuronal networks. Here, we demonstrate that Arc/Arg3.1, an immediate-early gene (IEG) that is rapidly induced by neuronal activity associated with information encoding in the brain, mediates homeostatic synaptic scaling of AMPA type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) via its ability to activate a novel and selective AMPAR endocytic pathway. High levels of Arc/Arg3.1 block the homeostatic increases in AMPAR function induced by chronic neuronal inactivity. Conversely, loss of Arc/Arg3.1 results in increased AMPAR function and abolishes homeostatic scaling of AMPARs. These observations, together with evidence that Arc/Arg3.1 is required for memory consolidation, reveal the importance of Arc/Arg3.1's dynamic expression as it exerts continuous and precise control over synaptic strength and cellular excitability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Jason D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Shepherd
authors.forename: Gavin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rumbaugh
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shoaib
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Plath
authors.forename: Dietmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kuhl
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Huganir
authors.forename: Paul F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Worley
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001640:Bicuculline / Q000494:pharmacology; D019921:Biotinylation / Q000379:methods; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000502:physiology*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018756:GABA Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D047468:Immunoprecipitation / Q000379:methods; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000502:physiology*; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000378:metabolism*; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism; D013569:Synapses / Q000502:physiology*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D018756:GABA Antagonists; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; C092069:activity regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D013779:Tetrodotoxin; D001640:Bicuculline