title: Probing the microenvironment of mammary tumors using multiphoton microscopy.
abstract: Advances in optical imaging technologies that allow the subcellular resolution of undissected tissue have begun to offer new clues into the biology of development and disease. For cancer, such advances mean that the primary tumor is no longer a black box and that the disease can be studied throughout the metastatic cascade and not just as an endpoint. In this review we examine the advances in multiphoton imaging technology that have been used to define the microenvironment and its role in delineating the invasion and intravasation steps of metastasis inside living mammary tumors. Results show that the tumor microenvironment is a dynamic place where interactions between tumor cells, macrophages, blood vessels, and extracellular matrix fibers define the metastatic phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. msidani@aecom.yu.edu
authors.forename: Mazen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sidani
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wyckoff
authors.forename: Chengsen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Jeffrey E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Segall
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Condeelis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000473:pathology*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D036641:Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton / Q000379:methods*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation / Q000473:pathology; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating / Q000473:pathology; D019899:Paracrine Communication; D051381:Rats; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins