title: Three-dimensional confocal morphometry reveals structural changes in astrocyte morphology in situ.
abstract: Neuronal activity and many pathological states in the CNS are accompanied by transient astrocytic swelling, which affects excitability, extrasynaptic transmission, and neuron-glia interactions. By using three-dimensional confocal morphometry (3DCM), we quantified the morphometric parameters of astrocytes in intact tissue. In experiments performed in brain cortex slices from transgenic GFAP/EGFP mice, we applied 3DCM to study the dynamic changes in astrocyte morphology during hypotonic stress. Our morphometric analysis showed that the effect of a 10-min application of hypotonic solution (200 mmol/kg) on the swelling of different cell compartments was dependent on the extent of the swelling of the total astrocyte volume. If the swelling of the whole cell, i.e., soma and processes, was less than approximately 10%, there were no differences between the swelling of the soma and the processes. However, if the swelling of the total cell volume was greater than 10%, the swelling of the processes was greater than the swelling of the soma. Analyzing the effect of hypotonic solution on the morphology of these astrocytes revealed that the total cell volume increased; however, certain cell compartments were distinguished in which the volume increased, whereas in other compartments cell volume decreased or apparently did not change, and the structure of some compartments was altered. Our data show that astrocytes in brain slices undergoing hypotonic stress display cell volume regulation as well as transient changes in morphology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic. chvatal@biomed.cas.cz
authors.forename: Alexandr
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chvátal
authors.forename: Miroslava
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anderová
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hock
authors.forename: Iva
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Prajerová
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Neprasová
authors.forename: Viktor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chvátal
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kirchhoff
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Syková
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D001921:Brain / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000235:genetics; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D007038:Hypotonic Solutions; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic
chemical_list: D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D007038:Hypotonic Solutions; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins