title: Patch testing with components of water-based metalworking fluids: results of a multicentre study with a second series.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although many allergens in metalworking fluids (MWF) are identified, there are still some MWF components, which are not sufficiently investigated concerning their sensitizing properties.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate sensitization to 10 frequently used MWF components, which are not part of the established MWF test series, in metalworkers with suspected occupational dermatitis due to MWF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oleyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, dimethylolurea, 4,4'-methylenebis morpholine, imazalil, 1-amino-2-propanol (monoisopropanolamine; MIPA), 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol (AEPD), 2,5-bis(n-octyldithio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole, zinc alkyl dithiophosphate and dibenzyl disulfide have been patch tested in 144 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  7 patients reacted positively to the formaldehyde releaser 4,4'-methylenebis morpholine, and 6 of these patients also reacted to formaldehyde and/or other formaldehyde releasers. 4 patients reacted positively to myristyl alcohol tested at 10% petrolatum (pet.). Additionally, 20 doubtful or irritant reactions occurred. 1 patient each reacted positively to oleyl alcohol, MIPA, and AEPD. None of the other test substances mentioned above elicited any clear-cut positive reaction. Patch testing with well-known MWF allergens showed proportions of positive reactions, which were comparable to those from other studies, e.g. 11% to monoethanolamine, 8% to colophonium and 3%-5% to various preservatives.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  4,4'-methylenebis morpholine may be an important MWF allergen, although clinical relevance could not be stated definitely in every case. Myristyl alcohol should not be patch tested at 10% pet., but at a lesser concentration, due to irritant properties.
authors.affiliation: Information Network of Department of Dermatology (IVDK), University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany. jgeier@ivdk.org
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Geier
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lessmann
authors.forename: Detlef
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bruze
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Frosch
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: Uta
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Jappe
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pföhler
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Skudlik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D009783:Dermatitis, Occupational / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008669:Metallurgy; D008875:Middle Aged; D010328:Patch Tests / Q000592:standards*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D014867:Water