title: Leptin suppresses human chorionic gonadotropin-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin production in cultured human granulose luteal cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In a previous study, we demonstrated that high leptin levels at the time of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection impaired the pregnancy rate for women undergoing in vitro fertilization. In this study we examine leptin's effect on prostaglandin formation and cyclooxygenase (COX) expression induced by hCG in human granulose luteal (GL) cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human GL cells were obtained from women undergoing ovarian hyperstimulation. COX expression and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES) expression, as well as prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) production were studied. This was done in both the presence and absence of leptin following hCG stimulation. PGE(2) and PGF(2alpha) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expressions of COX and mPGES were investigated by using immunocytochemical techniques in addition to Western blotting and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HCG and leptin do not affect COX-1 expression. However, leptin blocked COX-2 and mPGES expression induced by hCG. Moreover, while leptin, in various concentrations, did not affect PGE(2) and PGF(2alpha) levels, it inhibited the elevation of PGE(2) and PGF(2alpha) concentrations in response to hCG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study confirms that the expression of COX-2 is up-regulated by hCG in human GL cells. Leptin suppresses hCG-induced PGE(2) formation through the inhibition of COX-2 and mPGES expression. The preliminary results suggest a potential inhibiting effect of leptin on human GL cells induced by hCG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Eing-Mei
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Te-Fu
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Po-Hui
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Chiao-Ya
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Cheng-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Chee-Yin
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.forename: Jau-Nan
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000378:metabolism*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D006728:Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008184:Luteal Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D006728:Hormones; D020738:Leptin; D011453:Prostaglandins; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2