title: Surgical treatment for "brain compartment syndrome" in children with severe head injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Traumatic brain injury accounts for a high percentage of deaths in children. Raised intracranial pressure (ICP) due to brain swelling within the closed compartment of the skull leads to death or severe neurological disability if not effectively treated. We report our experience with 12 children who presented with cerebral herniation due to traumatic brain swelling in whom decompressive craniectomy was used as an emergency.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, observational.
  
  
  METHODS
  Red Cross Children's Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children with severe traumatic brain injury and cerebral swelling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Computed tomography (CT) scanning, ICP control, clinical outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite the very poor clinical condition of these children preoperatively, aggressive management of the raised pressure resulted in unexpectedly good outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aggressive surgical measures to decrease ICP in the emergency situation can be of considerable benefit; the key concepts are selection of appropriate patients and early intervention.
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Paediatric Neurourgery and Paediatric Critical Care, School of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, and Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Figaji
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Fieggen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Argent
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Peter
mesh_terms: D001929:Brain Edema / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D003399:Craniotomy; D019299:Decompression, Surgical / Q000379:methods*; D004677:Encephalocele / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013577:Syndrome; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D016896:Treatment Outcome