title: Laetrile for cancer: a systematic review of the clinical evidence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many cancer patients treated with conventional therapies also try 'alternative' cancer treatments. Laetrile is one such 'alternative' that is claimed to be effective by many alternative therapists. Laetrile is also sometimes referred to as amygdalin, although the two are not the same.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this review is to summarize all types of clinical data related to the effectiveness or safety of laetrile interventions as a treatment of any type of cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  All types of clinical studies containing original clinical data of laetrile interventions were included. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE (from 1951), EMBASE (from 1980), Allied and Complementary Medicine (AMED), Scirus, CancerLit, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL; all from 1982), CAMbase (from 1998), the MetaRegister, the National Research Register, and our own files. For reports on the safety of laetrile, we also searched the Uppsala database. No language restrictions were imposed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty six reports met our inclusion criteria. No controlled clinical trials were found. Three articles were nonconsecutive case series, 2 were consecutive case series, 6 were best case series, and 25 were case reports. None of these publications proved the effectiveness of laetrile.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Therefore, the claim that laetrile has beneficial effects for cancer patients is not supported by sound clinical data.
authors.affiliation: Complementary Medicine, Peninsula Medical School, Universities of Exeter and Plymouth, Institute of Health and Social Care, 25 Victoria Park Road, Exeter, EX2 4NT, UK.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Milazzo
authors.affiliation: EORTC Data Centre, Avenue E. Mounier 83, bte 11, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Stephane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lejeune
authors.affiliation: Complementary Medicine, Peninsula Medical School, Universities of Exeter and Plymouth, Institute of Health and Social Care, 25 Victoria Park Road, Exeter, EX2 4NT, UK. edzard.ernst@pms.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Edzard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ernst
mesh_terms: D000678:Amygdalin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D000529:Complementary Therapies; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010865:Pilot Projects
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000678:Amygdalin