title: A relational database for management of flow cytometry and ELISpot clinical trial data.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although relational databases are widely used in bioinformatics with deposited and finalized data, they have not received widespread usage among immunologists for managing raw laboratory data such as that generated by ELISpot or flow cytometry assays. Almost no published guidance exists for immunologists to design appropriate and useful data management systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe the design and implementation of a Microsoft Access relational database used in a clinical trial in which the primary immunogenicity measures were ELISpot and intracellular cytokine staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our data management system enabled us to perform sophisticated queries and to interpret our data as quantitatively as possible. It could easily be used without modification by other researchers using automated plate reading of ELISpot plates or four color flow cytometry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We illustrate in detail the use of a flexible data management system for two of the most widely used immunological techniques. Minor modifications for more colors or other outputs can easily be implemented. Based on this example, other modifications could be easily envisaged for any other quantitative output.
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. James_Cavenaugh@URMC.Rochester.edu
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Cavenaugh
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Snell
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jeffries
authors.forename: Pauline A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Waight
authors.forename: Samuel J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: McConkey
mesh_terms: D018070:Biological Specimen Banks / Q000458:organization & administration; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003628:Database Management Systems; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods*; D018448:Models, Immunological; D012984:Software