Ecological speciation in the East Maui-endemic Dubautia (Asteraceae) species.
Adaptive diversification can be viewed as a balance between the conservative force of interpopulation gene flow and selection for differential environments. In this paper, we examine ecological, morphological, and genetic differentiation in a small clade consisting of four East Maui-endemic species of Dubautia: D. menziesii, D. platyphylla, D. reticulata, and D. waianapanapaensis, in the Hawaiian silversword alliance (Asteraceae). The East Maui clade is apparently recently derived (less than 1 million years ago) and is geographically restricted yet displays significant ecological and morphological differences. We used geographic data from historical herbarium specimens, measurements of plant architecture and leaf morphometrics, and measures of genetic differentiation in both microsatellite and nuclear coding loci to examine the correlation of different forms of divergence in this small species flock. We found overlap in large-scale geographic distributions, significant differentiation in most habitat factors, significant microsatellite differentiation, and many shared alleles at nuclear coding loci suggesting on-going lineage sorting. Despite the presence of apparent hybrids in some populations, microsatellite variation is consistent with isolation among species. Using Mantel tests, we compared the direction and extent of diversification among different datasets, to determine whether ecological/morphological divergence was correlated with genetic divergence. Correlations among different datasets showed that habitat was strongly correlated with plant architecture but not leaf morphology. Taken together, these results indicate that ecological and morphological diversification has driven genetic divergence at rapidly evolving microsatellite loci, whereas there is continuing lineage sorting at neutral sites in nuclear coding loci.
Friar
Elizabeth A
EA
Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, 1500 North College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711, USA. elizabeth.friar@cgu.edu
Prince
Linda M
LM
Roalson
Eric H
EH
McGlaughlin
Mitchell E
ME
Cruse-Sanders
Jennifer M
JM
De Groot
Sarah J
SJ
Porter
J Mark
JM
D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D019659:Asteraceae / Q000235:genetics*; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D017753:Ecosystem; D049810:Genetic Speciation; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006254:Hawaii; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D010802:Phylogeny; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics; D013045:Species Specificity
D018744:DNA, Plant