title: The augmentation of clozapine treatment with electroconvulsive therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The assessment, in terms of safety and efficacy, of augmenting clozapine monotherapy, as well as combined psychopharmacotherapy involving clozapine, with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Reviewed were the charts of patients who received clozapine-ECT treatment in the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy of Semmelweis University between November 1999 and December 2003.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the studied period there were altogether 43 patients treated with the combination of clozapine and electroconvulsive therapy. In the schizoaffective group, the values for post-electroconvulsive therapy CGI were significantly lower than either in the catatonic (Z=-3.72, p<0.01) or in the hebephrenic (Z=-3.17, p<0.01) group. Among the groups created on the basis of the number of augmentation strategies utilized, the clozapine+3 group consisted of patients significantly older than the clozapine+ 1 group (Z=2.45, p=0.01). In the clozapine monotherapy group, the values for post-electroconvulsive therapy CGI were significantly lower than in any of the groups that had received a combination of augmentations (monotherapy-1 augmentation: Z=-3.01, p<0.01; monotherapy-2 augmentation: Z=-2.89, p<0.01; monotherapy-3 augmentation: Z=-2.41, p=0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to our examinations, the augmentation of clozapine treatment with electroconvulsive therapy should be tried primarily on schizoaffective patients, in case the clozapine monotherapy is ineffective. The simultaneous use of different augmentation strategies is expected to increase only the side effects not the efficacy of the treatment.
authors.affiliation: Liaison Psychiatric Service, Szent László Hospital, Budapest. gazdag@lamb.hu
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gazdag
authors.forename: Nárcisz
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kocsis-Ficzere
authors.forename: Judit
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tolna
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003024:Clozapine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D012107:Research Design; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003024:Clozapine