title: Focal dystonia in musicians.
abstract: In conclusion, musicians' focal dystonia is a significant and potentially career-ending neurological condition of which physiatrists and other performing arts medicine clinicians should be aware. Pathology has been identified in the somatosensory cortex, and in the motor cortex and basal ganglia. Although advances have been made in the elucidating some of the pathologic changes in focal dystonia, better understanding is needed. Current treatments such as retraining, splinting, oral medications, and botulinum toxin injections are limited. Therefore, the ultimate goal for focal dystonia is to prevent this disabling disorder of instrumental musicians.
authors.affiliation: Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, 125 Nashua Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA. tlienemeth@partners.org
authors.forename: Theresa J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Lie-Nemeth
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004421:Dystonia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D009146:Music; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A