title: In vivo beta-defensin gene expression in rat gingival epithelium in response to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Human beta-defensins have been identified in the oral cavity and are predicted to play a role in the defense against pathogenic bacteria. Homologous rat beta-defensins (RBDs) have been identified, but their expression in the oral cavity has not been examined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the expression of innate immune mediators in the rat gingival epithelium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were pretreated with antibiotics to depress the normal oral flora, followed by the introduction of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in their food to allow colonization and the development of periodontal disease. At various time points, animals were killed and the gingival epithelium was extracted. Semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure RBD and Toll-like receptor (TLR) mRNA levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three beta-defensins (RBD-1, -2 and -5) and two TLRs (TLR-3 and -4) are expressed in normal rat gingival epithelium. After the introduction of A. actinomycetemcomitans, RBD-1 and RBD-2 mRNA levels increased for the first week followed by a return to basal levels. No change in TLR mRNA levels was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rat model provides a good system for experimental analysis of the innate immune response to periopathogenic bacteria in the oral cavity, as well as the potential role of beta-defensins in the host response to colonization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Dental School, Newark, NJ 07101, USA.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kurland
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schreiner
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Diamond
mesh_terms: D000189:Actinobacillus Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D023082:Defensins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D004848:Epithelium / Q000276:immunology; D005881:Gingiva / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C478968:Defb1 protein, rat; D023082:Defensins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors