title: Vitamin D status in children and young adults with inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies of vitamin D status in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease have revealed conflicting results. We sought to report (1) the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D concentration < or = 15 ng/mL) in a large population with inflammatory bowel disease, (2) factors predisposing to this problem, and (3) its relationship to bone health and serum parathyroid hormone concentration.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 130 patients (8-22 years of age) with inflammatory bowel disease, 94 with Crohn disease and 36 with ulcerative colitis, had serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, intact parathyroid hormone, and lumbar spine bone mineral density (using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) measured at Children's Hospital Boston.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 34.6%. Mean serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D concentration was similar in patients with Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, 52.6% lower among patients with dark skin complexion, 33.4% lower during the winter months (December 22 to March 21), and 31.5% higher among patients who were taking vitamin D supplements. Serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D concentration was positively correlated with weight and BMI z score, disease duration, and serum albumin concentration and negatively correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Patients with Crohn disease and upper gastrointestinal tract involvement were more likely to be vitamin D deficient than those without it. Serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin concentration was not associated with lumbar spine bone mineral density z score or serum parathyroid hormone concentration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Factors predisposing to the problem include having a dark-skin complexion, winter season, lack of vitamin D supplementation, early stage of disease, more severe disease, and upper gastrointestinal tract involvement in patients with Crohn disease. The long-term significance of hypovitaminosis D for this population is unknown at present and merits additional study.
authors.affiliation: Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA. helen.pappa@childrens.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Helen M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Pappa
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Tracee M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Saslowsky
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zholudev
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Horr
authors.forename: Mei-Chiung
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Grand
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015519:Bone Density; D002648:Child; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone