title: Acute hydrops in keratoconus masquerading as acute corneal transplant rejection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To document 2 cases that developed acute hydrops corneae within the host tissue after corneal transplantation. Subsequent extension across the transplant-host interface led to edema of the transplanted tissue, with consequent misdiagnosis and treatment of acute transplant rejection.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients attended the Anterior Segment Service at Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both patients had a reduction in vision, ocular discomfort, and stromal edema of the transplanted button and adjacent host cornea. No break in the Descemet membrane was noted in either case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is important to differentiate hydrops of the host cornea from acute transplant rejection. This distinction will allow the judicious use of steroids and may allay patient anxiety about possible rejection.
authors.affiliation: Anterior Segment Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sanj S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wickremasinghe
authors.forename: Guy T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Kenneth W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Pullum
authors.forename: Roger J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Buckley
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D015715:Corneal Edema / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007640:Keratoconus / Q000601:surgery*; D015948:Keratoplasty, Penetrating; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011183:Postoperative Complications
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D003907:Dexamethasone