title: Is it appropriate to use core clerkship grades in the selection of residents?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study challenges the appropriateness of using core clerkship grades for resident selection. The authors hypothesize that substantial variability occurred in the system of grading.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective cross-sectional study, variability in the grading systems for third-year core clinical clerkships were examined. From the Medical Student Performance Evaluation of applicants from U.S. medical schools for residency training in the authors' department in 2004 and 2005, the authors gathered the following variables: medical school, third-year core clerkship grading systems, and percentage of students in each grade category. Descriptive analyses were conducted and within institution variability across clerkship scores was analyzed using repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test.
  
  
  METHODS
  University teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  The survey covered 121 of 122 U.S. medical schools accredited by the AAMC/LCME.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Grading systems used included: variations of Honors/Pass/Fail (H,P,F) system in 76 schools, letter grade systems in 22 schools, and other variants (eg, Outstanding, Advanced, and Proficient in 6 schools and Pass/Fail in 4 schools). Thirteen schools (10%) provided either no grading system or no interpretable system. Grading systems included were further defined into 2 scores in 6 schools, 3 in 34 schools, 4 in 38 schools, 5 in 23 schools, and more than 6 in 6 schools. For schools using a grading system containing 3 or more scores, the percentage of students given the highest grade was significantly less in Surgery (28%) compared with Family Medicine (34%) and Psychiatry (35%) (p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Core clerkship grading systems and the percentage to which institutions grade students as having achieved the highest performance level vary greatly among U.S. medical schools. Within institutions, significant variability exists among clerkships in the percentage of the highest grade given, which makes interpersonal comparison based on core clerkship grades difficult and suggests that this method may not be a reliable indicator of performance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Hiroo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grinsell
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brock
authors.forename: Hugh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Foy
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pellegrini
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Horvath
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002982:Clinical Clerkship; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012570:School Admission Criteria; D014481:United States