title: Phenotypic and molecular typing of Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 isolates from India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether Vibrio cholerae strains with similar phage types are also genetically homogeneous or heterogeneous by molecular typing methods like PFGE and RAPD-PCR employed in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 26 V. cholerae O1 and O139 strains received from different parts of India were analyzed by using conventional phage typing method, antibiogram and molecular typing methods such as PFGE and RAPD-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both O1 and O139 strains were resistant against two antibiotics (Ampicillin and Furazolidone) were detected. All of these strains were clustered in a single phage type, i.e., Type 27 for V. cholerae O1 and Type 1 for V. cholerae O139. Extensive molecular characterization by RAPD and PFGE showed that six sets of O1 and O139 strains, each comprising two strains, had identical PFGE and RAPD profiles. Only one O139 strain (PL-4) had unique RAPD and PFGE profile among all the 26 V. cholerae strains used in this study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Apart from serology, the strains of V. cholerae can be discriminated by this conventional phage typing system that offers the basic information on identification, biotyping and discrimination of strains. But, a high level of heterogeneity was observed in RAPD and PFGE profiles indicating the clonal diversity of V. cholerae O1 and O139 strains. It was concluded that these strains were phenotypically identical through phage typing system and antibiogram but genetically dissimilar, as shown in molecular typing systems.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Tushar Suvra
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Bhowmick
authors.forename: Mayukh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Nivedita
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Sarkar
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001434:Bacteriophage Typing; D002771:Cholera / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010641:Phenotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019105:Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; D041241:Vibrio cholerae O1 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D041242:Vibrio cholerae O139 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents