title: Common variants in the TCF7L2 gene are strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Indian population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  India has the greatest number of diabetic subjects in any one country, but the genetic basis of type 2 diabetes mellitus in India is poorly understood. Common non-coding variants in the transcription factor 7-like 2 gene (TCF7L2) have recently been strongly associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes in European populations. We investigated whether TCF7L2 variants are also associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Indian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We genotyped type 2 diabetes patients (n = 955) and ethnically matched control subjects (n = 399) by sequencing three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs7903146, rs12255372 and rs4506565) in TCF7L2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed a strong association with all the polymorphisms, including rs12255372 (odds ratio [OR] 1.50 [95% CI = 1.24-1.82], p = 4.0 x 10(-5)), rs4506565 (OR 1.48 [95% CI = 1.24-1.77], p = 2.0 x 10(-5)) and rs7903146 (OR 1.46 [95% CI = 1.22-1.75], p = 3.0 x 10(-5)). All three variants showed increased relative risk when homozygous rather than heterozygous, with the strongest risk for rs12255372 (OR 2.28 [95% CI = 1.40-3.72] vs OR 1.43 [95% CI = 1.11-1.83]). We found no association of the TCF7L2 genotypes with age at diagnosis, BMI or WHR, but the risk genotype at rs12255372 was associated with higher fasting plasma glucose (p = 0.001), higher 2-h plasma glucose (p = 0.0002) and higher homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-R; p = 0.012) in non-diabetic subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study in Indian subjects replicates the strong association of TCF7L2 variants with type 2 diabetes in other populations. It also provides evidence that variations in TCF7L2 may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes by influencing both insulin secretion and insulin resistance. TCF7L2 is an important gene for determining susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus and it transgresses the boundaries of ethnicity.
authors.affiliation: Genome Research Group, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Chandak
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Janipalli
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhaskar
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mohankrishna
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Hattersley
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Frayling
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Yajnik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D051820:TCF Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D058118:Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein
chemical_list: D051820:TCF Transcription Factors; C544894:TCF7L2 protein, human; D058118:Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein