title: Postoperative surface deposits on intraocular lenses in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the clinicopathologic features of 4 intraocular lenses (IOLs) composed of 3 different hydrophilic biomaterials explanted from children who had postoperative opacification of the IOL optic.
  
  
  METHODS
  David J Apple, MD, Laboratories for Ophthalmic Devices Research, John A. Moran Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  The IOLs were explanted 20, 11, 22, and 25 months postoperatively from children aged 10, 3, 36, and 20 months old, respectively, at IOL implantation. Clinical data were obtained to correlate the findings with possible associated risk factors. The explanted IOLs were examined by gross and light microscopy. They were further analyzed with a stain for calcium, alizarin red 1%. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The primary reason for cataract surgery in Case 1 and Case 2 was persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV); 1 patient received a B-Lens IOL (Hanita) and the other a Centerflex IOL (Rayner). The primary reason in Case 3 was familial bilateral congenital cataract and in Case 4, rubella cataract; both patients received a Hydroview IOL (Bausch & Lomb). All 4 IOLs had surface deposits on the optic, but the morphology of the deposits on the B-Lens and Centerflex IOLs was different than that in previously reported cases. The deposits in all four cases stained positive with alizarin red and consisted of calcium and phosphorus when imaged with EDS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Calcified deposits on 2 Hydroview IOLs explanted from children were similar to those seen in adults with the same IOL. The deposits on the B-Lens and Centerflex IOLs were probably secondary to a breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier caused by preexisting PHPV.
authors.affiliation: David J. Apple, MD, Laboratories for Ophthalmic Devices Research, John A. Moran Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. guy.kleinmann@hsc.utah.edu
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kleinmann
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Apple
authors.forename: Liliana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: Suresh K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: Irmingard M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Neuhann
authors.forename: Ehud I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Assia
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Laws
authors.forename: O Arambulo
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: de Borin
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mamalis
mesh_terms: D000880:Anthraquinones; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002675:Child, Preschool; D020878:Device Removal; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012086:Reoperation; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D010758:Phosphorus; C010078:alizarin; D002118:Calcium