title: Higher antibody, but not cell-mediated, responses to vaccination in high physically fit elderly.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine whether cardiovascular fitness, independent of confounding factors, was associated with immune responsiveness to clinically relevant challenges in older adults (60-76 yr). Thirteen sedentary, low-fit (LF; maximal O(2) uptake = 21.1 +/- 1.1 ml.kg(-1).min(-1)) and 13 physically active, high-fit (HF; maximal O(2) uptake = 46.8 +/- 3.4 ml.kg(-1).min(-1)) older adults participated in this study. Dietary intake was assessed, and a battery of psychosocial tests was administered. In vivo antibody and ex vivo proliferative and cytokine responses to influenza (Fluzone) and tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccination and delayed-type hypersensitivity skin tests were performed. HF elderly individuals displayed a higher antibody response to two of the three strains included in the Fluzone vaccine as measured by hemagluttination inhibition, but there was no difference between groups in influenza-specific ex vivo proliferation or IFN-gamma or IL-10 production. HF elderly individuals exhibited a lower IgG(1) response and a tendency for a higher IgG(2) response to the TT vaccine. There were, however, no differences in TT-specific ex vivo proliferation or IFN-gamma or IL-10 production. In contrast, HF subjects had higher proliferative responses to phytohemagluttinin. In addition, there were no differences in delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to fungal antigens between groups. These results suggest that, after accounting for confounding factors, HF elderly individuals have higher antibody responses to Fluzone vaccine and a Th2 skewing of the antibody response to TT. There was little evidence that HF mounted better cell-mediated immune responses to the Fluzone or TT vaccine measured in peripheral blood cells or to other recall antigens in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Depatment of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: K Todd
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Keylock
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lowder
authors.forename: Kurt A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Leifheit
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Rachel A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Mariani
authors.forename: Kristine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Kijin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chapman-Novakofski
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McAuley
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Woods
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000502:physiology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000502:physiology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012882:Skin Tests; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid