title: [Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and lower intestinal tract toxicity].
abstract: In addition to adverse effects on gastroduodenal mucosa, it is recognized that non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can also induce toxicity to the lower intestinal tract. The diagnostic tools available and the lack of information about its pathogenesis and clinical importance are still limitations for its diagnosis. For their anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, NSAIDs are largely used to treat musculoskeletal disorders. Increased intestinal permeability and inflammation are the main pathogenic steps in the development of NSAIDs enteropathy which may result in bleeding and protein loss. Selective COX-2 inhibitors, although seem safer, may also induce intestinal lesions. In this article, about NSAIDs damage to the lower intestine, we review aspects about its prevalence, pathogenesis, lesions, clinical spectrum and practical clues to diagnosis and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Reumatologia, Centro Hospitalar do Alto Minho, Ponte de Lima. monica.bogas@sapo.pt
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bogas
authors.forename: Maria do Carmo
authors.initials: Mdo C
authors.lastname: Afonso
authors.forename: Domingos
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Araújo
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal