title: Type of oral cleft and mothers' perceptions of care, health status, and outcomes for preadolescent children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the outcomes of care for children by type of oral cleft.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected through structured telephone interviews during 2003 in Iowa with mothers of 2- to 12-year-old children with oral clefts. Interviews with mothers of children with clubfoot and statewide data on Iowa children were used for comparison.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants included mothers of children in Iowa born between 1990 and 2000 with nonsyndromic oral clefts. Children were identified by the statewide Iowa Registry for Congenital and Inherited Disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rating of cleft care, severity of condition, health status, esthetic outcome, speech, and school performance were evaluated by type of oral cleft.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children with cleft lip and palate were most likely to have their clefts rated as very severe. Children with palatal involvement were reported to have a lower health status and were almost twice as likely to be identified as having a special health care need compared with either children with cleft lip or children statewide. Children with cleft lip had more esthetic concerns; children with palatal involvement had the most speech concerns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although mothers generally believed their children had received high-quality care, ratings of the children's current health status and outcomes of care varied significantly by type of cleft (cleft lip, cleft palate, and cleft lip and palate). Differences observed in this population-based study support the proposition that cleft type should be considered when examining outcomes of care for children with oral clefts.
authors.affiliation: Public Policy Center, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Iowa, 221 S. Quadrangle, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. peter-damiano@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Damiano
authors.forename: Margaret C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Tyler
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Romitti
authors.forename: Elizabeth T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Momany
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Canady
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Karnell
authors.forename: Jeffrey C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Murray
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000145:classification / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000145:classification / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007484:Iowa; D008297:Male; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012923:Social Class; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome