title: Differential cooperation of oncogenes with p53 and Bax to induce apoptosis in rhabdomyosarcoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Deregulated expression of oncogenes such as MYC and PAX3-FKHR often occurs in rhabdomyosarcomas. MYC can enhance cell proliferation and apoptosis under specific conditions, whereas PAX3-FKHR has only been described as anti-apoptotic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In order to evaluate how MYC and PAX3-FKHR oncogenes influenced p53-mediated apoptosis, rhabdomyosarcoma cells were developed to independently express MYC and PAX3-FKHR cDNAs. Exogenous wild-type p53 expression in MYC transfected cells resulted in apoptosis, whereas there was only a slight effect in those transfected with PAX3-FKHR. Both oncoproteins induced BAX, but BAX induction alone without expression of wild-type p53 was insufficient to induce apoptosis. Data generated from genetically modified MEFs suggested that expression of all three proteins; MYC, BAX and p53, was required for maximal cell death to occur.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that cooperation between p53 and oncoproteins to induce apoptosis is dependent upon the specific oncoprotein expressed and that oncogene-mediated induction of BAX is necessary but insufficient to enhance p53-mediated apoptosis. These data demonstrate a novel relationship between MYC and p53-dependent apoptosis, independent of the ability of MYC to induce p53 that may be important in transformed cells other than rhabdomyosarcoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Mail Stop 230, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA. tayloral@msnotes.wustl.edu
authors.forename: Alan C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.forename: Pamela P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.forename: Linda C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D016193:G1 Phase; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D000072041:PAX3 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D011419:Propidium / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012208:Rhabdomyosarcoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D000072041:PAX3 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C068686:Pax3 protein, mouse; D011419:Propidium