title: Transstadial and transovarial persistence of Babesia divergens DNA in Ixodes ricinus ticks fed on infected blood in a new skin-feeding technique.
abstract: Although Babesia divergens is the the principal confirmed zoonotic Babesia sp. in Europe, there are gaps in our knowledge of its biology and transmission by the tick Ixodes ricinus. In order to reproduce the part of the parasite cycle that occurs in the vector, an in vitro animal skin feeding technique on blood containing in vitro cultivated B. divergens was developed. Parasite DNA was detected in all samples of salivary glands of nymphs and adults that had fed on parasitized blood as larvae and nymphs, respectively, indicating acquisition as well as a transtadial persistence of B. divergens. PCR performed on eggs and larvae produced by females that had fed on parasitized blood demonstrated the existence of a transovarial transmission of the parasite. Gorging B. divergens infected larvae on non-infected gerbils showed persistance of the parasite over moulting into the resulting nymphs. These results indicate that the parasitic stages infective for the vector (i.e. the sexual stages) can be produced in vitro. To our knowledge, this is the first report of artificial feeding of I. ricinus via membrane as well as in vitro transmission of B. divergens to its vector. The opportunities offered by the use of such a transmission model of a pathogen by I. ricinus are discussed.
authors.affiliation: UMR ENVN/INRA 1034, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes, Interactions Hôte-Parasite-Milieu, Atlanpole-La Chantrerie, B.P. 40706, 44307 Nantes cedex 03, France. bonnet@vet-nantes.fr
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bonnet
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jouglin
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Malandrin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agoulon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: L'hostis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chauvin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001096:Arachnid Vectors / Q000469:parasitology*; D001403:Babesia / Q000254:growth & development; D001404:Babesiosis / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000635:transmission*; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious; D005260:Female; D005849:Gerbillinae / Q000469:parasitology; D006801:Humans; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D018884:Ixodes / Q000469:parasitology*; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D016054:DNA, Protozoan