title: Cytotoxic effect of ciprofloxacin in primary culture of rat astrocytes and protection by Vitamin E.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible cytotoxic and oxidative stress inducing effects of ciprofloxacin (CPFX) on primary cultures of rat astrocytes. The cultured cells were incubated with various concentrations of CPFX (0.5-300mg/l), and cytotoxicity was determined by neutral red (NR) and MTT assays. Survival profile of cells was biphasic in NR assay: CPFX did not cause any alteration at any concentration for 7h, whereas < or =50mg/l concentrations induced significant cell proliferation in incubation periods of 24, 48, 72, and 96h. However, cell proliferation gradually decreased at higher concentrations, and 200 and 300mg/l of CPFX exposure was found to be significantly (p<0.05) cytotoxic at all time periods. With MTT assay, no alteration was noted for incubation period of 7h, as observed with NR assay. But, cell viability decreased with approximately > or =50mg/l CPFX exposure in all other time periods. Cell proliferation was only seen in 24h of incubation with 0.5 and 5mg/l CPFX. Vitamin E pretreatment of cell cultures were found to be providing complete protection against cytotoxicity of 300mg/l CPFX in 96h incubation when measured with both NR and MTT assays. The SOD pretreatment was partially protective with NR assay, but no protection was noted when measured with MTT. A significant enhancement of lipid peroxidation was observed with the cytotoxic concentration of the drug, but total glutathione content and catalase activity of cells did not change. The data obtained in this study suggest that, in accordance with our previous results with fibroblast cells, CPFX-induced cytotoxicity is related to oxidative stress. And the biphasic effect of CPFX possibly resulted from the complex dose-dependent relationships between reactive oxygen species, cell proliferation, and cell viability.
authors.affiliation: Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, 06100 Ankara, Turkey. aylingurbay@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Aylin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gürbay
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gonthier
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barret
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Favier
authors.forename: Filiz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hincal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000633:toxicity; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000494:pharmacology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000494:pharmacology; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014810:Vitamin E; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase