title: Validation of a Spanish version of the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment Questionnaire (SMFA).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to develop a linguistically appropriate, culturally adapted, and appropriately validated Spanish version of the SMFA (SMFA-Mex).
  
  
  METHODS
  Validation of a survey-based outcome instrument.
  
  
  METHODS
  Busy state hospital in southern Mexico.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive trauma patients with a variety of orthopedic disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  N/A.
  
  
  METHODS
  The SMFA-Mex was forward and back translated, administered to orthopedic trauma patients, and compared against the Spanish version of the SF-36s for criterion validity. Statistical analysis included factor analysis, criterion validation with the SF-36, and internal measures of reliability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factor analysis demonstrated three separate subscale dimensions: 1) upper-extremity dysfunction, 2) lower-extremity dysfunction, and 3) lifestyle alterations. Item analysis showed a high degree of internal consistency for the three subscales (subscale 1, r = 0.95; subscale 2, r = 0.94; subscale 3, r = 0.92). Test-retest reliability at 7 days was 0.93 for the upper-extremity dysfunction subscale, 0.95 for the lower-extremity dysfunction subscale, and 0.92 for the lifestyle-alterations subscale. Construct validity was established by comparison of the Brazilian version of the SF-36.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SMFA-Mex was successfully translated and culturally adapted from the English original. The SMFA-Mex demonstrated adequate scale reliability and validity and yielded three distinct subscales using factor analysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Carlos Javier
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Guevara
authors.forename: Chad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pietrobon
authors.forename: Guillermina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nunley
authors.forename: Laurence D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: Thomas Parker
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Vail
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D009141:Musculoskeletal System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires