title: Acquisition of in vitro and in vivo functionality of Nurr1-induced dopamine neurons.
abstract: Neural precursor cells provide an expandable source of neurons and glia for basic and translational applications. However, little progress has been made in directing naive neural precursors toward specific neuronal fates such as midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons. We have recently demonstrated that transgenic expression of the nuclear orphan receptor Nurr1 is sufficient to drive dopaminergic differentiation of forebrain embryonic rat neural precursors in vitro. However, Nurr1-induced DA neurons exhibit immature neuronal morphologies and functional properties and are unable to induce behavioral recovery in rodent models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we report on the identification of key genetic factors that drive morphological and functional differentiation of Nurr1-derived DA neurons. We show that coexpression of Nurr1, Bcl-XL, and Sonic hedgehog (SHH) or Nurr1 and the proneural bHLH factor Mash1 is sufficient to drive naive rat forebrain precursors into neurons exhibiting the biochemical, electrophysiological, and functional properties of DA neuron in vitro. On transplantation into the striatum of Parkinsonian rats, precursor cells engineered with Nurr1/SHH/Bcl-XL or Nurr1/Mash1 survived in vivo and differentiated into mature DA neurons that can reverse the behavioral deficits in the grafted animals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Sungdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Hwan
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jin Sun
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Yeon Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Mi-Yoon
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Seungsoo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Hyun-Chul
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Mei Hong
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Seog Bae
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Yong-Sung
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Panagiotakos
authors.forename: Vivian
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tabar
authors.forename: Lorenz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Studer
authors.forename: Sang-Hun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D017690:Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000166:cytology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D057126:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004298:Dopamine; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D057126:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051020:bcl-X Protein; C499318:Ascl1 protein, rat; C494813:Bcl2l1 protein, rat; C539884:Nr4a2 protein, rat