title: Intramuscular aripiprazole or haloperidol and transition to oral therapy in patients with agitation associated with schizophrenia: sub-analysis of a double-blind study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A sub-population analysis of 325 patients with agitation (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Excited Component [PEC] score > or = 15 and < or = 32; score of > or = 4 on > or = 2 items) associated with schizophrenia in a randomized, double-blind study investigating the efficacy and tolerability of intramuscular (IM) aripiprazole 9.75 mg, IM haloperidol 6.5 mg, or IM placebo and the transition to oral therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over 24 h, patients could receive up to three IM injections; the second and third administered > or = 2 and > or = 4 h, respectively, after the first, if deemed clinically necessary. Following IM treatment, oral aripiprazole or haloperidol was administered for 4 days. The primary efficacy measure was the mean change in PEC score from baseline at 2 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 2 h, mean improvements in PEC scores with IM aripiprazole (-8.0) were significantly greater versus IM placebo (-5.7; p < or = 0.01), and similar versus IM haloperidol (-8.3). Secondary efficacy measures also significantly improved with active IM treatment versus IM placebo. Continuation with oral treatment provided continued efficacy with both active treatments. The safety profiles of IM and oral aripiprazole were similar. The incidence of extrapyramidal symptom-related adverse events was 0% with IM aripiprazole, 1.6% with IM placebo and 16.5% with IM haloperidol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intramuscular aripiprazole is effective in patients with acute agitation associated with schizophrenia, comparable to IM haloperidol, and enables convenient transfer to oral aripiprazole therapy.
authors.affiliation: Riga Mental Health Care Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Tvaika Street 2, Riga, LV-1005, Latvia. lpa@latnet.lv
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Andrezina
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Marcus
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Oren
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Manos
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stock
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Carson
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: McQuade
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068180:Aripiprazole; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D010879:Piperazines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D015363:Quinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D010879:Piperazines; D015363:Quinolones; D000068180:Aripiprazole; D006220:Haloperidol