title: Beneficial effects of vitamin E in sperm functions in the rat after spinal cord injury.
abstract: Male infertility as a result of spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with abnormal semen qualities including low sperm counts and poor sperm motility and morphology. Clinical studies suggest that reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related events might contribute to abnormal sperm functions after SCI. The current study examined whether impaired sperm functions after SCI can be ameliorated by an antioxidant, vitamin E. Vitamin E feeding of spinal cord transected (SCX) rats during the acute (maintenance) and chronic (restoration) phases of the injury partially preserved sperm viability and mitochondrial potential; similar effects were only seen in spinal cord contused (SCC) rats during the chronic phase. A beneficial effect of vitamin E on sperm motility, however, was only observed in SCX rats during the chronic phase of the injury. These results suggest that ROS-related events might account for some of the effects of cord injury on sperm functions, depending on the extent of injury and time postinjury. Furthermore, we found that sperm heads from SCC and SCX rats were less condensed compared to those from sham control rats. Such effects were attenuated by vitamin E, suggesting that ROS-related events may also contribute to abnormal sperm morphology after SCI. Partial restoration of male accessory gland weights in those rats fed vitamin E further suggests its beneficial effects on the functions of these glands.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin E feeding attenuated some of the effects of spinal cord injury on sperm functions and male accessory glands in the rat. These results support a role of ROS-related events in deterioration of semen quality after cord injury. Further understanding of the underlying mechanisms for effects of vitamin E on sperm functions and male accessory glands will provide scientific rationale for the use of vitamin E or other antioxidant as therapeutic means to preserve sperm functions and semen quality in SCI men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery Division of Urology, UMD-New Jersey Medical School, 185 S. Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
authors.forename: Shulun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guichun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Beverly E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Barton
authors.forename: Thomas F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Hosea F S
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D002232:Carbocyanines; D002470:Cell Survival; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004229:Dithiothreitol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005837:Genitalia, Male / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013075:Sperm Capacitation; D013077:Sperm Head / Q000187:drug effects; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D001562:Benzimidazoles; D002232:Carbocyanines; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D009930:Organic Chemicals; C093207:SYBR-14; D014810:Vitamin E; C068624:5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D004229:Dithiothreitol