title: [Testing an instrument measuring Italian nurses' knowledge and attitudes regarding pain].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the construct validity, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency of the Nurses' Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain translated from English to Italian.
  
  
  METHODS
  Validation study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oncology, long term care wards and hospice of 5 different italian regions.
  
  
  METHODS
  157 nurses divided in four groups according to the setting: students (29), general medical wards (35), oncology (43) and hospice (50).
  
  
  METHODS
  The instrument was translated and adapted from English to Italian by a group of experts in pain and by pilot-testing. It was completed by 90% of the sample and the percentage of correct answers and alpha Cronbach were calculated. The test-retest reliability was measured having the questionnaire completed after a 14 days time interval, by the nurses of medical wards.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The instrument discriminated between levels of expertise. Overall, the average percentage of correct answers was 52.7%: 40.7% for student nurses, 46% for general medicine nurses, 56.3% for oncology nurses and 62% for hospice nurses (P<0.001). Test-retest reliability was r = 0.97 and Cronbach's alfa was 0.69.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results contribute to the validity and reliability of the Italian version of the Nurses' Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain, show a limited knowledge in the four groups of nurses and provide the basis for other studies in oncology and palliative settings.
authors.affiliation: Infermiere di Ricerca, S.S. Clinical Trials, IST, Genova.
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Catania
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Costantini
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luzzani
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marceca
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tridello
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boni
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernardi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006738:Hospices; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009726:Nurses / Q000592:standards*; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital; D009859:Oncology Nursing; D010146:Pain / Q000451:nursing; D059408:Pain Management; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013338:Students, Nursing; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating