title: Wild-type p53 inhibits nuclear factor-kappaB-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 promoter activation: implications for soft tissue sarcoma growth and metastasis.
abstract: Human soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a highly lethal malignancy in which control of metastasis determines survival. Little is known about the molecular determinants of STS dissemination. Here, we show that human STS express high levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and that MMP-9 expression levels correlate with sequence analysis-defined p53 mutational status. Reintroduction of wild-type p53 (wtp53) into mutant p53 STS cell lines decreased MMP-9 mRNA and protein levels, decreased zymography-assessed MMP-9 proteolytic activity, and decreased tumor cell invasiveness. Reintroduction of wtp53 into STS xenografts decreased tumor growth and MMP-9 protein expression. Luciferase reporter studies showed that reintroduction of wtp53 into mutant p53 STS cells decreased MMP-9 promoter activity. Deletion constructs of the MMP-9 promoter identified a region containing a p53-responsive element that lacked a p53 consensus binding site but did contain a nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) site. Mutating this NF-kappaB binding site eliminated the wtp53-repressive effect. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays confirmed decreased NF-kappaB binding in STS cells in the presence of wtp53. Our findings suggest a role for MMP-9 in STS progression and expand the role of p53 in molecular control of STS growth and metastasis. Therapeutic interventions in human STS targeting MMP-9 activity directly or via reintroduction of wtp53 merit further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Departments of 1 Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Jue
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Maocheng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.forename: Jonathan A F
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hannay
authors.forename: Parimal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Svetlana V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Bolshakov
authors.forename: Dhanashankren
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kotilingam
authors.forename: Dihua
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Alexander F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Lazar
authors.forename: Raphael E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Pollock
authors.forename: Dina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lev
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D008156:Luciferases / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000556:secondary*; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D008156:Luciferases; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9