title: Migration and nucleogenesis of mouse precerebellar neurons visualized by in utero electroporation of a green fluorescent protein gene.
abstract: Neural migration is a critical step for accurate CNS development, but the molecular mechanisms that regulate migration, settlement and nucleogenesis remain largely unknown. The precerebellar neurons (PCNs), generated in the lower rhombic lip (LRL), migrate towards their destinations: some neurons form the pontine gray nucleus (PGN) and reticulotegmental nucleus (RTN) in the ipsilateral pons, while others form the lateral reticular and external cuneate nuclei in the contralateral medulla after crossing the midline. Here, by introducing an EGFP gene into a unilateral LRL of mouse embryos by in utero electroporation, we specifically labeled and tracked the PCNs in vivo. We found that a substantial number of the labeled neurons crossed the midline and formed PGN/RTN on the contralateral side. In addition, we found that a subpopulation of the interpolar subnucleus of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, which projects the axons to the cerebellum, was one of the PCNs derived from the LRL. Furthermore, because the electroporated mice were born and grew up healthy, we could visualize the PCNs and their mossy fibers in the adult brain. Therefore, the EGFP labeling of PCNs can be applied to studying the physiology of the mossy fiber system as well as PCN development in embryos.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Kazuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Keino-Masu
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masu
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids; D000818:Animals; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology*; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000166:cytology* / Q000196:embryology; D018274:Electroporation / Q000379:methods; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000502:physiology; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D017403:In Situ Hybridization / Q000379:methods; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C098463:dolaisoleucine; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins