title: How many metals does it take to fix N2? A mechanistic overview of biological nitrogen fixation.
abstract: During the process of biological nitrogen fixation, the enzyme nitrogenase catalyzes the ATP-dependent reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia. Nitrogenase consists of two component metalloproteins, the iron (Fe) protein and the molybdenum-iron (MoFe) protein; the Fe protein mediates the coupling of ATP hydrolysis to interprotein electron transfer, whereas the active site of the MoFe protein contains the polynuclear FeMo cofactor, a species composed of seven iron atoms, one molybdenum atom, nine sulfur atoms, an interstitial light atom, and one homocitrate molecule. This Perspective provides an overview of biological nitrogen fixation and introduces three contributions to this special feature that address central aspects of the mechanism and assembly of nitrogenase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. howar001@umn.edu
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Douglas C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Rees
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D001665:Binding Sites; D004583:Electrons; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009586:Nitrogen Fixation; D009591:Nitrogenase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D020836:Protein Structure, Quaternary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D007501:Iron; D009591:Nitrogenase