title: Functional abnormalities in the neural circuitry of reading in men with nonsyndromic clefts of the lip or palate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The current study was designed to evaluate the neurobiology of reading in a group of men with nonsyndromic clefts of the lip or palate (NSCLP) compared with healthy controls by positron emission tomography.
  
  
  METHODS
  SUBJECTS included eight men with NSCLP compared with six healthy control men. By using radioactively labeled water (O(15)), regional brain blood flow was obtained during the performance of three simple reading tasks: reading unrelated words, reading unrelated sentences, and reading a story.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During each of the reading conditions, NSCLP subjects compared with healthy controls showed increased blood flow in areas previously reported to be involved in language processing and reading (inferior frontal lobe, cerebellum, and occipital lobe). The increased blood flow suggests a possible neural inefficiency. In contrast, when analyzing the brain regions involved in more complex language functioning (reading stories compared with reading only words), control subjects showed an increase in blood flow in a distributed neural circuit, whereas the NSCLP subjects showed a decrease in flow in these regions. Additionally, the NSCLP subjects had activation of several regions not activated in the healthy controls, suggesting a compensatory circuit used for this more complex reading task.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that subjects with NSCLP show abnormalities in the function of the distributed neural circuitry used for oral reading.
authors.affiliation: Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
authors.forename: Grant
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Goldsberry
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: O'Leary
authors.forename: Rich
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hichwa
authors.forename: Peg
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nopoulos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D007803:Language Arts; D008297:Male; D009446:Neurobiology; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D010104:Oxygen Radioisotopes; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D011932:Reading
chemical_list: D010104:Oxygen Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals