title: Effects of isopropyl palmitate on the skin permeation of drugs.
abstract: The model penetrants oxaprozin, nimesulide, gliclazide, and ribavirin, because of their different lipophilicities, were selected to assess the enhancing activity of pre-treatment solutions consisting of isopropyl palmitate (IP) in ethanol (5%, 10%, 15%and 20%, w/w, respectively) across excised rat skin using Franz diffusion cells and HPLC detection. All pre-treatment solutions produced a significant increase in the flux and permeation of all four penetrants (p<0.001) and a relationship between penetrant lipophilicity and enhancement effect was observed. The general order of IP effectiveness at concentration was 20%>15%>10%>5% (w/w). The lag-time of drugs did not significantly change except for ribavirin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Zhidong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jizhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shufang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.forename: Weisan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005907:Gliclazide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D000077431:Oxaprozin; D010168:Palmitates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010539:Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D011422:Propionates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*; D012995:Solubility; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D008055:Lipids; D010168:Palmitates; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D011422:Propionates; D013449:Sulfonamides; D012254:Ribavirin; C005060:isopropyl palmitate; D005907:Gliclazide; D000077431:Oxaprozin; C012655:nimesulide