title: Persistence of iodine deficiency in Gangetic flood-prone area, West Bengal, India.
abstract: In 2000, India revoked the ban on production and sale of non-iodised salt. We conducted a study in the north 24 Parganas district in the state of West Bengal to assess the prevalence of goitre, status of urinary iodine excretion (UIE) level and to estimate iodine content of salts at the household level. We surveyed 363 school children aged eight to ten years selected using a multistage cluster sampling technique. We estimated goitre prevalence and urinary iodine excretion (UIE) using methods and criteria recommended by the World Health Organization. We estimated the iodine content of salt samples collected from the households of the study subjects using spot iodine testing kit. Of the 363 children, 73 (20%) had goitre. The median UIE was 160 micro g/l (normal: > or =100 micro g/l) and only 6% children had a level below 50 micro g/l. Only 253 of 363 salt samples (70%) were sufficiently iodised. The combination of high goitre prevalence with normal median urinary excretion indicates that the North 24 Parganas district is in transition from iodine deficient to iodine sufficient state. However, the persistence of non-iodised salt consumption indicates that an intensification of universal salt iodisation program is needed. In 2000, India revoked the ban on production and sale of non-iodised salt. We conducted a study in the north 24 Parganas district in the state of West Bengal to assess the prevalence of goitre, status of urinary iodine excretion (UIE) level and to estimate iodine content of salts at the household level. We surveyed 363 school children aged eight to ten years selected using a multistage cluster sampling technique. We estimated goitre prevalence and urinary iodine excretion (UIE) using methods and criteria recommended by the World Health Organization. We estimated the iodine content of salt samples collected from the households of the study subjects using spot iodine testing kit. Of the 363 children, 73 (20%) had goitre. The median UIE was 160 micro g/l (normal: > or =100 micro g/l) and only 6% children had a level below 50 micro g/l. Only 253 of 363 salt samples (70%) were sufficiently iodised. The combination of high goitre prevalence with normal median urinary excretion indicates that the North 24 Parganas district is in transition from iodine deficient to iodine sufficient state. However, the persistence of non-iodised salt consumption indicates that an intensification of universal salt iodisation program is needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Family Welfare, Govt of West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Tapas Kumar
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.forename: Akhil Bandhu
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Biswas
authors.forename: Indranil
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chakrabarty
authors.forename: Dilip Kumar
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Ramachandran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramakrishnan
authors.forename: Punnaih
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Manickam
authors.forename: Yvan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hutin
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006043:Goiter, Endemic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007455:Iodine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000172:deficiency / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; C034024:iodized salt; D007455:Iodine