title: Treatment of turkey processing wastewater with sand filtration.
abstract: This research investigated the feasibility of coarse/fine sand filtration for removing organic materials from turkey processing wastewater. Sand filtration was tested with three organic and hydraulic loadings. Six two-layer sand bioreactors were in three groups, each with 5 cm layer of pea gravel at the bottom to support layers of fine sand (46 cm) and coarse sand (15 cm) to a height of 66 cm. The bioreactors were inoculated with a mixture of 20% (vol/vol) of wastewater lagoon sludge, 40% (vol/vol) of turkey processing wastewater, and 40% (vol/vol) of BOD(5) dilution water before starting the column operation with turkey processing wastewater. The wastewater contained 1270+/-730 mg COD/L and was applied to each sand bioreactor at hydraulic loading rates of <or= 264, 132 and 66 L/m(2)/day. Each group comprised duplicate columns with the identical hydraulic loading. A commercially available detergent, Ivory, was added to the wastewater at 0.04% (wt/vol). Maximum treatment efficiencies were reached within a week. The removal of TOC and BOD(5) was >94% during 80 days of column operation at low and medium hydraulic loading rates (132 L/m(2)/day). The removal at the highest hydraulic loading rate (264 L/m(2)/day) declined after the appearance of a black zone in the top layer of fine sand on day 30 for one reactor and day 50 for the other. The sand filtration in this study represents a feasible treatment for turkey processing wastewater and its efficiency and the life span of the process are associated with the extent of hydraulic loading of the sand bioreactors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, 590 Woody Hayes Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1058, USA.
authors.forename: Young W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Mancl
authors.forename: Olli H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Tuovinen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018441:Biofilms; D019149:Bioreactors; D003902:Detergents; D005374:Filtration / Q000379:methods; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008462:Meat-Packing Industry; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis; D010316:Particle Size; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D013997:Time Factors; D014422:Turkeys; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003902:Detergents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen