Gender specific chronological and morphometric assessment of fetal bladder wall development.
OBJECTIVE
To enhance our understanding of sonographically visible alterations in bladder wall thickness, we delineated phenotypic changes occurring in developing smooth muscle cells of the fetal and postnatal bladder with respect to gender specific differences.


METHODS
Bladders of 30 male and 18 female fetuses and 4 stillborn infants were immunostained with an alpha-smooth muscle actin antibody. Morphological and morphometric assessment was performed with the assistance of an image analysis system.


RESULTS
Alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in fetal bladder wall was detectable at 9 weeks of gestation. Bladder wall thickness and mean profile area of smooth muscle bundles increased significantly with advancing gestation, mediated by linear growth patterns. Fetal bladder wall development occurred uniformly, unrelated to gender.


CONCLUSIONS
Although the lower urinary tract emerges in a gender specific way, our results suggest that in normal fetal growth detrusor muscle formation proceeds independent of genital sex.
Koerner
Iris
I
Department of Pediatric Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Deibl
M
M
Oswald
J
J
Schwentner
C
C
Lunacek
A
A
Fritsch
Helga
H
Bartsch
Georg
G
Radmayr
Christian
C
D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000653:Amniotic Fluid; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000196:embryology*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D012737:Sex Factors; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism
D000199:Actins