title: Nuclear import of the preintegration complex is blocked upon infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in mouse cells.
abstract: Mouse cells do not support human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication because of host range barriers at steps including virus entry, transcription, RNA splicing, polyprotein processing, assembly, and release. The exact mechanisms for the suppression, however, are not completely understood. To elucidate further the barriers against HIV-1 replication in mouse cells, we analyzed the replication of the virus in lymphocytes from human CD4/CXCR4 transgenic mice. Although primary splenocytes and thymocytes allowed the entry and reverse transcription of HIV-1, the integration efficiency of the viral DNA was greatly reduced in these cells relative to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, suggesting an additional block(s) before or at the point of host chromosome integration of the viral DNA. Preintegration processes were further analyzed using HIV-1 pseudotyped viruses. The reverse transcription step of HIV-1 pseudotyped with the envelope of murine leukemia virus or vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein was efficiently supported in both human and mouse cells, but nuclear import of the preintegration complex (PIC) of HIV-1 was blocked in mouse cells. We found that green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled HIV-1 integrase, which is known to be important in the nuclear localization of the PIC, could not be imported into the nucleus of mouse cells, in contrast to human cells. On the other hand, GFP-Vpr localized exclusively to the nuclei of both mouse and human cells. These observations suggest that, due to the dysfunction of integrase, the nuclear localization of PIC is suppressed in mouse cells.
authors.affiliation: Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsurutani
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Byung-Il
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Motohiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kadoki
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwakura
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000818:Animals; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019427:HIV Integrase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000821:virology; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016662:Virus Integration; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D015704:CD4 Antigens; D004279:DNA, Viral; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D019427:HIV Integrase