title: [Intracranial EEG monitoring for epilepsy surgery using electrode grids--results in the first 22 Dutch patients].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Description of initial experiences with subdural electrode grids in patients with refractory focal epilepsy as additional diagnostic tool for epilepsy surgery. Using these electrodes, the attacks were recorded during a number of days and the cerebral cortex was electrically stimulated in order to map the functional areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from patients in whom subdural electrode grids had been placed between 1 September 1999 and 31 August 2004. All patients underwent a neurological examination and a neuropsychological test before the implantation. At the follow-up examination, the results with regard to function and the frequency of attacks were noted, as well as the complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Electrodes were placed in 22 patients: 9 women and 13 men with an average age of 27 years (range: 5-42). The implantation lasted for an average of 7 days (range: 3-10). In 4 patients, increased seizures during implantation required intravenous anticonvulsant treatment. Severe but transitory complications were seen in 4 patients (meningitis, subdural haematoma and ischaemia). 19 patients underwent a therapeutic resection. A postoperative decline in language skills was noted in 1 patient, while another 2 scored poorer in verbal tests. A permanent decline in sensorimotor function was seen in 1 patient, but this had been foreseen. Of the 16 operated patients with a duration of follow-up of at least 1 year, so were (practically) free of attacks, and another 3 patients had significantly fewer attacks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Registration with intracranial electrodes makes it possible to treat epileptic patients surgically by excision of brain tissue near critical areas. Such intensive monitoring is, however, not without risk and this must be weighed against the potential benefits.
authors.affiliation: Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Rudolf Magnus Instituut voor Neurowetenschappen, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht. fleijten@neuro.azu.nl
authors.forename: F S S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Leijten
authors.forename: W P J
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Spetgens
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: van Rijen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gosselaar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vermeulen
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: van Nieuwenhuizen
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: van Huffelen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted / Q000009:adverse effects; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome