title: Dysregulation of Reg gene expression occurs early in gastrointestinal tumorigenesis and regulates anti-apoptotic genes.
abstract: Expression of anti-apoptotic genes is frequently elevated in tumors, where they increase resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and predict poor patient outcomes. However, key cellular factors regulating anti-apoptotic genes in tumors remain unknown. Increased expression of the regenerating (Reg) genes is commonly observed in gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies including colorectal cancer (CRC). We therefore examined Reg gene expression and associated changes in anti-apoptotic genes in an animal model of GI tumorigenesis. Using real time RT-PCR, we measured expression of Reg genes in human colorectal adenocarcinoma specimens, colon adenocarcinoma cell lines and adenomas from multiple intestinal neoplasia (min) mice heterozygous for a germ-line mutation of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. Expression of Reg genes is increased in human colorectal adenocarcinomas and in the intestine of APCmin/+ mice at four weeks of age, a time preceding the spontaneous second mutation in the APC gene. Individual Reg genes exhibited regional expression profiles across the GI tract in mice. Adenomas from 14-week old mice had significant increases in at least one member of the Reg gene family, most commonly Reg IV and an associated increase in expression of the anti-apoptotic gene, Bcl-2. Addition of exogenous recombinant human Reg IV to human colon adenocarcinoma cells significantly increased Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression and induced resistance to ionizing radiation. These results show that dysregulation of Reg genes occur early in tumorigenesis. Furthermore, increased expression of Reg genes, specifically Reg IV contribute to adenoma formation and lead to increased resistance to apoptotic cell death in CRC.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: Kumar S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Bishnupuri
authors.forename: Qizhi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Joshua R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Korzenik
authors.forename: Jeffrey O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Courtney W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Houchen
authors.forename: Shrikant
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anant
authors.forename: Brian K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Dieckgraefe
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D017491:Genes, APC; D019254:Genes, bcl-2; D006801:Humans; D051847:Lithostathine / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C494811:BCL2L1 protein, human; D017931:DNA Primers; D051847:Lithostathine; C497617:REG1A protein, human; D051020:bcl-X Protein