title: Evaluation of clinical, radiologic, and laboratory prebronchoscopy findings in children with suspected foreign body aspiration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Foreign body aspiration (FBA) in infants and young children is a common and potentially life-threatening event. Although studies have extensively described the signs and symptoms of suspected FBA (sFBA), only few systematically compared their value for predicting bronchoscopy results.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were to describe the clinical and radiologic signs and symptoms of sFBA and to identify predictors of bronchoscopically proven FBA (pFBA).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted at a referral tertiary university hospital with an outpatient clinic and a 90-bed pediatric unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Signs and symptoms were retrospectively analyzed for all children who had received bronchoscopy between July 1992 and April 2000 because of sFBA. Radiologic signs of FBA were reviewed and scored by 2 independent radiologists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred sixty children (mean age, 2.8 years; range, 11 months to 16.8 years) were enrolled in the study. Foreign body aspiration, mostly affecting the right main bronchus, was proven bronchoscopically in 122 (76%) of these children. Independent predictors of pFBA in multivariable analyses were focal hyperinflation on chest radiograph (beta = 45.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.3-390.5; P = .001), witnessed choking crisis (beta = 18.6; 95% CI = 4.7-73.0; P < .001), and white blood cell count greater than 10,000/muL (beta = 4.2; 95% CI = 1.2-14.7; P = .026). The cumulative proportion of pFBA cases increased with the number of risk factors (0, 16%; 1, 47%; 2, 96%; 3, 100%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical judgment to perform bronchoscopy for sFBA was correct in 76% of the children investigated. Focal hyperinflation, witnessed choking crisis, and elevated white blood cell count were strongly associated with pFBA; bronchoscopy can be strongly recommended in the presence of at least 2 risk factors when FBA is suspected.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diagnostic Radiology, Interventional Radiology, and Nuclear Medicine, BG Clinics Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University of Bochum, D-44789 Bochum, Germany. christoph.heyer@rub.de <christoph.heyer@rub.de>
authors.forename: Christoph M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Heyer
authors.forename: Melanie E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bollmeier
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rossler
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Nuesslein
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stephan
authors.forename: Torsten T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Christian H L
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Rieger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001980:Bronchi; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D053120:Respiratory Aspiration / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies