title: [Change of nitric oxide in local muscle of crush injury hind-limbs in rats].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the change of nitric oxide (NO) level in local muscles induced by crushing hind-limbs in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The rat experimental model of hind-limb crushing injury was established by crushing the hind limbs of rats with standard weight for 5 hours, thereafter releving the standard weight for another 5 hours. The rats were randomly divided into sham group, crushing group, crushing and injecting aminoguanidine (AG) group, crushing and injecting L-arginine (L-Arg) group. The NOS activity and NO level in local muscles and serum were spectrophotometrically measured, and iNOS and eNOS protein expressions in local muscles were examined by immunohistochemistry. The weight ratio of wet to dry (W/D) of local muscles was measured and the pathologic changes were observed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The crushing hind-limbs induced serious primary and secondary injuries of local muscles such as rupture and rhadomyolysis of skeletal muscular fibers, interstitial vascular congestion and edema, and marked increase in W/D. The expressions of eNOS and iNOS were upregulated in local muscle in crush group compared with sham group. The NOS activity and NO level in local muscles and serum significantly increased. There was positive relationship between NO level and W/D in local muscles. With the usage of AG and L-arg, the hind-limb injuries seemed alleviated and aggravated, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The crushing hind-limbs of rats elicited the upregulation of eNOS and iNOS protein expression, the enhancement of NOS activity and the excess production of NO, the latter of which was involved in the mediation of secondary pathological changes in local muscles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Tong
authors.initials: XT
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhen-Yong
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Ye-Xing
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Sen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000293:injuries; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017695:Soft Tissue Injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase