title: Effects of ractopamine supplementation on behavior of British, Continental, and Brahman crossbred steers during routine handling.
abstract: Equal numbers of British, Continental crossbred, and Brahman crossbred calf-fed steers (n = 420) were used to examine the effects of ractopamine supplementation and biological type on behavior during routine handling. Steers were blocked by BW within type and allocated to pens, resulting in 2 pens (10 cattle per pen) representing each block x type subclass. Pens within each block x type subclass then were randomly assigned to ractopamine supplementation treatments (0 or 200 mg.steer(-1).d(-1)), which were administered during the final 28 d of the finishing period. At the time final BW were obtained (28 d after treatment initiation), a single, trained observer, blinded with respect to treatment designations, recorded subjective scores to characterize behavior of each animal. Scores included entry force score (degree of force required to load the animal into the chute); entry speed score (walk, trot, run); chute behavior score (calm, restless shifting, moderate struggling); and exit speed score (walk, trot, run). Ractopamine supplementation had no effect on entry force score, chute behavior score, or exit speed score; however, cattle supplemented with ractopamine entered the chute more rapidly than did control cattle. Biological cattle type was a significant source of variation in entry force score and exit speed score. Continental crossbreds required greater (P < 0.05) force to enter the squeeze chute than did Brahman crossbred or British steers. In addition, Continental crossbred and Brahman crossbred steers left the processing chute with the greatest speed, whereas British steers exited the processing chute most slowly. Biological cattle type did not affect scores for entry speed or behavior during restraint in the chute. No adverse effects of ractopamine supplementation on cattle behavior were observed in this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1171, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Baszczak
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grandin
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Gruber
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Engle
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Platter
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Laudert
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Tatum
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D002417:Cattle / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D010627:Phenethylamines; C060897:ractopamine