title: New paradigms in signal transduction.
abstract: Signal transduction is a dynamic field in which established pathways evolve and new pathways emerge. The purpose of this commentary is to highlight new paradigms of signal transduction that have developed over the past few years. This discussion proposes a third member of the generic models of membrane receptors in addition to the 7-transmembrane pass receptor and the enzyme-linked receptor: the non-enzymatic nucleating receptor. Also discussed are the new paradigms of signal transduction by proteolysis which includes signaling by Notch, signaling through the Hedgehog and Wnt pathways, signaling through histidine phosphorylation, and reactive oxygen species in signal transduction.
authors.affiliation: Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA. kathleen.eyster@usd.edu
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Eyster
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006639:Histidine / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D006639:Histidine; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases