Culturally-sensitive complaints of depressions and anxieties in women.
BACKGROUND
Current classifications of Mental Disorders are centered on Westernized concepts and constructs. "Cross-cultural sensitivity" emphasizes culturally-appropriate translations of symptoms and questions, assuming that concepts and constructs are applicable.


METHODS
Groups and individual psychiatrists from various cultures from Asia, Latin America, North Africa and Eastern Europe prepared descriptions of main symptoms and complaints of treatment-seeking women in their cultures, which are interpreted by clinicians as a manifestation of a clinically-relevant dysphoric disorder. They also transliterated the expressions of DSM IV criteria of main dysphoric disorders in their cultures.


RESULTS
In many non-western cultures the symptoms and constructs that are interpreted and treated as dysphoric disorders are mostly somatic and are different from the Western-centered DSM or ICD systems. In many cases the DSM and ICD criteria of depression and anxieties are not even acknowledged by patients.


CONCLUSIONS
The descriptive approach reported here is a preliminary step which involved local but Westernized clinicians-investigators following a biomedical thinking. It should be followed by a more systematic-comprehensive surveys in each culture.


CONCLUSIONS
Westernized concepts and constructs of mental order and disorders are not necessarily universally applicable. Culturally-sensitive phenomena, treatments and treatment responses may be diversified. Attempts at their cross-cultural harmonization should take into consideration complex interactional multi-dimensional processes.
Halbreich
Uriel
U
Biobehavior Research, SUNY-University at Buffalo, NY 14214, USA. urielh@buffalo.edu
Alarcon
Renato D
RD
Calil
Helena
H
Douki
Saida
S
Gaszner
Peter
P
Jadresic
Enrique
E
Jasovic-Gasic
Miroslava
M
Kadri
Nadia
N
Kerr-Correa
Florence
F
Patel
Vikram
V
Sarache
Xarifa
X
Trivedi
J K
JK
D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology*; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D018864:Cultural Diversity; D003469:Culture; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology; D014177:Translations