title: "In vitro" differences among (R) and (S) enantiomers of profens in their activities related to articular pathophysiology.
abstract: An important group of non steroidal antinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which have been used for the symptomatic treatment of various forms of arthritis, are the 2-arylpropionic acid derivatives, 'profens'. By virtue of a chiral carbon atom on the propionic acid side chain, they exist as enantiomeric pairs. Whereas the S (+) enantiomer could be represented as an effective, but unselective COX inhibitor, the R (-) enantiomer could be much less active in this respect. However, recent findings suggest that certain pharmacological effects of profens cannot be attributed exclusively to the S (+) enantiomer. To obtain further insights into the pharmacological effects of profens, this study investigated the influence of pure enantiomers (S), (R), and racemic flurbiprofen and ketoprofen on the production of NO, MMP-3, PGE(2), ROS and GAGs, key molecules involved in cartilage destruction. Our results show that (S) flurbiprofen and ketoprofen decrease, at 1- and 10-microM concentrations, the interleukin-1beta induced cartilage destruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Catania, V.1e A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy. panico@unict.it
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Panico
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cardile
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gentile
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Garufi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Avondo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ronsisvalle
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D005270:Femur Head; D005480:Flurbiprofen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000494:pharmacology; D007660:Ketoprofen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D009573:Nitrites; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D005480:Flurbiprofen; D007660:Ketoprofen; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; D015232:Dinoprostone