title: Streptococcus pneumoniae DivIVA: localization and interactions in a MinCD-free context.
abstract: To clarify the function of DivIVA in Streptococcus pneumoniae, we localized this protein in exponentially growing cells by both immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy and found that S. pneumoniae DivIVA (DivIVA(SPN)) had a unique localization profile: it was present simultaneously both as a ring at the division septum and as dots at the cell poles. Double-immunofluorescence analysis suggested that DivIVA is recruited to the septum at a later stage than FtsZ and is retained at the poles after cell separation. All the other cell division proteins that we tested were localized in the divIVA null mutant, although the percentage of cells having constricted Z rings was significantly reduced. In agreement with its localization profile and consistent with its coiled-coil nature, DivIVA interacted with itself and with a number of known or putative S. pneumoniae cell division proteins. Finally, a missense divIVA mutant, obtained by allelic replacement, allowed us to correlate, at the molecular level, the specific interactions and some of the facets of the divIVA mutant phenotype. Taken together, the results suggest that although the possibility of a direct role in chromosome segregation cannot be ruled out, DivIVA in S. pneumoniae seems to be primarily involved in the formation and maturation of the cell poles. The localization and the interaction properties of DivIVA(SPN) raise the intriguing possibility that a common, MinCD-independent function evolved differently in the various host backgrounds.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Sez. Microbiologia Medica, Via Porcell, 4, 09100 Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fadda
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santona
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: D'Ulisse
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ghelardini
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ennas
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Whalen
authors.forename: Orietta
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Massidda
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002455:Cell Division; D016764:Cell Polarity; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000502:physiology*; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; C104636:DivIVA protein, bacteria; C071525:FtsZ protein, Bacteria; C080466:MinC protein, Bacteria