title: Microleakage beneath ceramic and metal brackets bonded with a conventional and an antibacterial adhesive system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess microleakage of a tooth-adhesive-bracket complex when metal or ceramic brackets were bonded with a conventional and an antibacterial self-etching adhesive.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty freshly extracted human premolars were randomly assigned to four equal groups and received the following treatments: group 1 = Transbond XT + metal bracket, group 2 = Transbond XT + ceramic bracket, group 3 = Clearfil Protect Bond + ceramic bracket, and group 4 = Clearfil Protect Bond + metal bracket. After photopolymerization, the teeth were kept in distilled water for 1 month and thereafter subjected to thermal cycling (500 cycles). Specimens were further sealed with nail varnish, stained with 0.5% basic fuchsin for 24 hours, sectioned and examined under a stereomicroscope, and scored for marginal microleakage for the adhesive-tooth and bracket-adhesive interfaces from incisal and gingival margins. Statistical analysis was accomplished by Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U-test with Bonferroni correction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All groups demonstrated microleakage between the adhesive-enamel and bracket-adhesive interfaces. A significant difference was observed among all groups (P < .05) for the microleakage between the bracket-adhesive interface. Metal brackets exhibited significantly more microleakage than did ceramic brackets between the bracket-adhesive interface with either of the adhesives. Clearfil Protect Bond exhibited results similar to Transbond XT. Clearfil Protect Bond may be a choice of adhesive in bracket bonding because of its antibacterial activity and similar microleakage results with the orthodontic adhesive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metal brackets cause more leakage between an adhesive-bracket interface, which may lead to lower clinical shear bond strength and white-spot lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Baskent University Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey. neslihan@baskent.edu.tr
authors.forename: Neslihan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arhun
authors.forename: Ayca
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arman
authors.forename: Sevi Burçak
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Cehreli
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arikan
authors.forename: Erdem
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karabulut
authors.forename: Kamran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gülşahi
mesh_terms: D001641:Bicuspid; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002516:Ceramics; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008670:Metals; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; C503075:Clearfil Protect Bond; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D008670:Metals; D019279:Resin Cements; C477790:Transbond XT; D012969:Sodium Fluoride