title: Pharmacist-led cardiac risk reduction model.
abstract: The Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Clinic (CRRC) is a pharmacist-coordinated care model that incorporates the 4 major modifiable risk factors into a single treatment program. The authors aimed to assess the effectiveness of the CRRC model by comparing the Framingham point score before and after CRRC intervention. Retrospective data between 2001 and 2002 were analyzed for 375 veterans (age 65+/-10 years) with diabetes (88.8%) or coronary artery disease (44%) referred to the CRRC for intensive cardiac risk management. Total Framingham point score decreased from 14.5 at baseline to 13.6 after CRRC intervention (mean change 0.9+/-0.3). When considering only the patients not at target goals at baseline (n=200), significant improvements in guideline adherence was observed in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, and smoking. The CRRC model reduces the risk of cardiovascular events as assessed by Framingham point score in patients with established coronary artery disease and/or diabetes.
authors.affiliation: University of Rhode Island, College of Pharmacy, Kingston, RI, USA. ttaveira@uri.edu
authors.forename: Tracey H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Taveira
authors.forename: Wen-Chih
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Oanh J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Schleinitz
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Friedmann
authors.forename: Satish C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000572:American Heart Association; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010593:Pharmaceutical Services / Q000592:standards; D010595:Pharmacists; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D015397:Program Evaluation / Q000592:standards; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012237:Rhode Island / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D014728:Veterans
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin