title: Occurrence of haemolytic Mannheimia spp. in apparently healthy sheep in Norway.
abstract: The occurrence of Mannheimia species in healthy sheep has only been investigated to a very limited extend since the genus and its five named species were established. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the occurrence of haemolytic Mannheimia species in apparently healthy sheep originating from four sheep flocks in South-Western Norway.
  
  
  
  Typical beta-haemolytic Pasteurellaceae were isolated from nasal swabs and subsequently subjected to bacteriological examination. A total of 57 Mannheimia isolates were obtained in pure culture. All isolates were genotyped by amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) analysis and compared to six reference strains. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of two isolates were also determined.
  
  
  
  beta-haemolytic Mannheimia species were isolated from 24% to 64% of the sheep in the four flocks. A total of 26 haemolytic M. ruminalis-like strains were isolated among which, a considerable genetic diversity was found. Eighteen M. glucosida isolates were obtained from three flocks, whereas M. haemolytica was only isolated from two flocks, 16 of them being from only one of the flocks.
  
  
  
  We demonstrate that a relatively high number of apparently healthy sheep in Norway seem to carry the potentially pathogenic M. haemolytica and M. glucosida in the upper respiratory tract. An unexpectedly high number of haemolytic M. ruminalis-like organisms were also obtained in all four flocks. The usually non-haemolytic M. ruminalis are typically isolated from healthy ruminants. The significance of beta-haemolytic M. ruminalis-like organisms is unknown and should be investigated in a future study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 4 Stigbøljen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark. louiseladefoged@gmail.com
authors.forename: Louise L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Poulsen
authors.forename: Turiğ M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Reinert
authors.forename: Rikke L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Sand
authors.forename: Magne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bisgaard
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: Snorre
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stuen
authors.forename: Anders M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bojesen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D031121:Mannheimia / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D016871:Pasteurellaceae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000382:microbiology; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S