title: Altered mesolimbocortical and thalamic dopamine in Tourette syndrome.
abstract: We used [F-18]fallypride PET in six adults with Tourette syndrome and age-matched controls to assess extrastriatal dopamine 2 (D2) receptors. D2 receptor availability was significantly lower in the orbitofrontal cortex, primary motor cortex, anterior cingulate gyrus, mediodorsal nucleus of thalamus, and hippocampus, areas important for motivation and reward, sensory gating, movement, and attention. Altered dopaminergic function in mesolimbocortical systems and thalamus may contribute to increased motivational salience of tics.
authors.affiliation: Movement Disorder Clinic, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA. d.gilbert@cchmc.org
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Christian
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gelfand
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mantil
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Sallee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001549:Benzamides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D004298:Dopamine / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008032:Limbic System / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012016:Reference Values; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology; D013788:Thalamus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; C094948:N-((1-allyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl)-5-(3-fluoropropyl)-2,3-dimethoxybenzamide; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D004298:Dopamine