title: A population-based study of pancreatic trauma in Scotland.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this population-based study was to assess the incidence, mechanisms, management and outcome of patients who sustained pancreatic trauma in Scotland over the period 1992-2002.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Scottish Trauma Audit Group database was searched for details of any patient with pancreatic trauma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  About 111 of 52,676 patients (0.21%) were identified as having sustained pancreatic trauma. The male-to-female ratio was 3:1, with a median age of 32 years. Blunt trauma accounted for 66% of injuries. Road traffic accidents were the most common mechanism of injury (44%), followed by assaults (35%). Thirty-four patients (31%) were haemodynamically unstable on arrival at hospital. Pancreatic trauma was associated with injuries to the chest (56%), head (30%) and extremities (30%); 73% of patients had other intra-abdominal injuries. Of those who left the emergency department alive, at least 77% required a laparotomy. The mortality rate (46%) was directly proportional to the number of injuries sustained (P < 0.05) and was higher in patients with increasing age (P < 0.05), haemodynamic instability (P < 0.05) and blunt trauma (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pancreatic trauma is rare in Scotland but is associated with significant mortality. Outcome was worse in patients with advanced age, haemodynamic instability, blunt trauma and multiple injuries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Surgical Sciences (Surgery), University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. john.scollay@ed.ac.uk
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Scollay
authors.forename: Vincent S K
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.forename: O James
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Garden
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Parks
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010179:Pancreas / Q000293:injuries*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000453:epidemiology*