title: Subclinical hypothyroidism is linked to micro-inflammation and predicts death in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low T3 is a frequent alteration in patients with ESRD. This derangement has been recently linked to inflammation in haemodialysis patients. Whether this association holds true in peritoneal dialysis patients has not been studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the relationship between low-grade inflammation [IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum albumin levels] and free tri-iodothyronine (fT3) in a cohort of 41 CAPD patients (mean age, 66 years; M, 26; F, 15) without heart failure and inter-current illnesses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CAPD patients had lower fT3 levels (2.7 +/- 0.8 pg/ml) than healthy subjects (3.7 +/- 1.0 pg/ml, P < 0.001) of similar age. Free T3 levels were directly related to those of serum albumin (r = 0.52, P = 0.001) and inversely to IL-6 (r = -0.30, P = 0.05) and CRP (r = -0.54, P < 0.001). Age (r = -0.61, P < 0.001), haemoglobin levels (r = 0.32, P = 0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.50, P = 0.001) were also related to fT3. In multiple regression models adjusting for all variables related to fT3, CRP and albumin were retained as independent correlates of fT3. During the follow-up (2.8 +/- 1.7 years) 27 patients died. Plasma fT3 levels were lower in patients who died (2.5 +/- 0.8 pg/ml) compared with survivors (3.3 +/- 0.5 pg/ml P = 0.001). In Cox analyses, fT3 was a significant predictor of mortality independent of the main traditional as well as non-traditional risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relationship between fT3, CRP and serum albumin suggests that inflammation-malnutrition might be involved in the low T3 syndrome in CAPD patients. Thyroid dysfunction might be implicated in the pathogenic pathway which links micro-inflammation to survival in PD patients.
authors.affiliation: CNR-IBIM, Istituto di Biomedicina, Epidemiologia Clinica e Fisiopatologia, delle Malattie Renali e dell'Ipertensione Arteriosa, c/o Ki Point-Gransial Srl, Via Filippini n. 85, 89125 Reggio Calabria, Italy. eniag@libero.it
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Enia
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Panuccio
authors.forename: Sebastiano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cutrupi
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pizzini
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tripepi
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mallamaci
authors.forename: Carmine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zoccali
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory / Q000401:mortality*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D012709:Serum Albumin; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D002097:C-Reactive Protein