Saccharomyces boulardii inhibits inflammatory bowel disease by trapping T cells in mesenteric lymph nodes.
OBJECTIVE
Saccharomyces boulardii is a nonpathogenic yeast used for treatment of diarrhea. We used a mice model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to analyze the effects of S boulardii on inflammation.


METHODS
Lymphocyte-transferred SCID mice, displaying IBD, were fed daily with S boulardii. Weight loss and inflammatory status of the colon were monitored. Nuclear factor-kappaB activity was assessed in the colon. The CD4(+) T-cell production of interferon (IFN) gamma was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and a comprehensive reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis for both colon and mesenteric lymph nodes was performed. Finally, we analyzed cell migration mechanisms in vitro and in vivo.


RESULTS
S boulardii treatment inhibits IBD. S boulardii induces an accumulation of IFN-gamma-producing T-helper 1 cells within the mesenteric lymph nodes correlated with a diminution of CD4(+) T-cell number and IFN-gamma production by CD4+ T cells within the colon. The influence of S boulardii treatment on cell accumulation in mesenteric lymph nodes was also observed in normal BALB/c mice and involves modifications of lymph node endothelial cell adhesiveness by a yeast secretion product.


CONCLUSIONS
S boulardii has a unique action on inflammation by a specific alteration of the migratory behavior of T cells, which accumulate in mesenteric lymph nodes. Therefore, S boulardii treatment limits the infiltration of T-helper 1 cells in the inflammed colon and the amplification of inflammation induced by proinflammatory cytokines production. These results suggest that S boulardii administration may have a beneficial effect in the treatment of IBD.
Dalmasso
Guillaume
G
Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie, Faculté de Médecine, IFR50, UNSA, Nice, France.
Cottrez
Françoise
F
Imbert
Véronique
V
Lagadec
Patricia
P
Peyron
Jean-François
JF
Rampal
Patrick
P
Czerucka
Dorota
D
Groux
Hervé
H
Foussat
Arnaud
A
Brun
Valerie
V
D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007249:Inflammation / Q000382:microbiology*; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000166:cytology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D008643:Mesentery / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016513:Mice, SCID; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012440:Saccharomyces / Q000502:physiology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
D016328:NF-kappa B; D007371:Interferon-gamma