title: Enteral resuscitation of burn shock using World Health Organization oral rehydration solution: a potential solution for mass casualty care.
abstract: Enteral resuscitation could provide a means to resuscitate burn shock when intravenous (IV) therapy is unavailable, such as in mass disasters. We evaluated the extent of intestinal absorption and resuscitative effects of World Health Organization Oral Rehydration Solution after a 40% TBSA burn in anesthetized swine compared with the IV infusion of lactated Ringer's infused by Parkland formula. Plasma volume (PV) was measured using indocyanine green dye dilution. Intestinal absorption was assessed using phenol red as a nonabsorbable marker. Changes in hematocrit, hemodynamics, and measured PV showed equivalent resuscitative effects of enteral and IV resuscitation. The duodenal fluid absorption rate started at 77 +/- 32 ml/hr per meter of intestine during the first hour and increased to 296 +/- 40 ml/hr during the fourth hour of resuscitation, with a total of 93 +/- 2% of World Health Organization Oral Rehydration Solution infused into the intestine being absorbed. Intestinal absorption rates after burn injury are sufficient to resuscitate a 40% TBSA burn.
authors.affiliation: Resuscitation Research Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0801, USA.
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Michell
authors.forename: Hermes M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Kinsky
authors.forename: Sumreen U
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Vaid
authors.forename: David N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Herndon
authors.forename: George C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Kramer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002056:Burns / Q000628:therapy*; D002302:Cardiac Output; D004190:Disasters; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005260:Female; D006400:Hematocrit; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D023421:Models, Animal; D010953:Plasma Volume; D015532:Rehydration Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate; D012769:Shock / Q000628:therapy*; D013552:Swine; D014556:Urine; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D015532:Rehydration Solutions; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate; D019344:Lactic Acid