title: Direct and indirect anthelmintic effects of condensed tannins in sheep.
abstract: Anthelmintic activity of condensed tannins (CT) was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro tests included egg hatch test and paralysis/mortality assay on adult Haemonchus contortus. In vivo anthelmintic effect was determined by faecal egg count reduction test in lambs. To this end, 18 lambs were divided into three groups (low tannin, high tannin and control). The lambs of low and high tannin groups were fed diets containing 2 and 3% CT while the control group was fed on diets without CT. In vitro trials showed a dose-dependent inhibition of nematode egg hatching; whereas, there was no effect of CT on adult H. contortus. In vivo trials indicated reduction in faecal egg counts in lambs fed diets containing CT. Feed intake and nutrient digestibility of CT-fed sheep was lower and nitrogen balance was higher as compared to control. Maximum weight gain was observed in animals fed diets containing 3% CT. The direct anthelmintic effect of CT, therefore, was evidenced by inhibited egg hatching; whereas, faecal egg counts reduction in sheep was through improved nutrient utilization.
authors.affiliation: Chemotherapy Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan. zafaruaf@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Zafar
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sarwar
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jabbar
authors.forename: Shahbaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nisa
authors.forename: Muhammad Sohail
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Sajid
authors.forename: Muhammad Nisar
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Kamran Aftab
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Mufti
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yaseen
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004063:Digestion; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D006188:Haemonchiasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D006189:Haemonchus / Q000187:drug effects; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D010270:Parasite Egg Count / Q000662:veterinary; D021261:Parasitic Sensitivity Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012756:Sheep / Q000254:growth & development; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013634:Tannins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D013634:Tannins