title: Do leptomeningeal venous drainage and dysplastic venous dilation predict hemorrhage in dural arteriovenous fistula?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to correlate the presence of leptomeningeal venous drainage and dysplastic venous dilation with the risk of intracranial hemorrhage in DAVFs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects for this research were composed of 93 patients with DAVFs who were studied retrospectively with regard to therapeutic success and failure, who had undergone either neurosurgery or embolization or a combination of both methods, and whose disease was located in the cavernous sinus, the superior sagittal sinus, or the transverse-sigmoid sinus of the anterior fossa or of the tentorium. Also among these study subjects were patients who had had angiography done in at least 6 cranial vessels (external and internal carotid and vertebral arteries) before and after treatment and who had a minimum follow-up of 3 months. Cases of leptomeningeal venous drainage and dysplastic venous dilation and their associations with intracranial hemorrhage were ascertained for all the 93 case patients included in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of leptomeningeal drainage (P = .0002) and that of dysplastic venous dilation (P = .036) increased the risk of intracranial hemorrhage in case patients for DAVFs of the 5 regions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a statistical significance between risk of intracranial hemorrhage in DAVFs and the presence of leptomeningeal drainage and dysplastic venous dilation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: César de Paula
authors.initials: Cde P
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: José Guilherme Mendes Pereira
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Caldas
authors.forename: Mirto N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Prandini
mesh_terms: D020785:Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000150:complications*; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000209:etiology*; D008578:Meninges / Q000098:blood supply*; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014680:Veins / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology