title: Protein kinase C beta/early growth response-1 pathway: a key player in ischemia, atherosclerosis, and restenosis.
abstract: Atherosclerosis, restenosis, and the consequences of ischemia are the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Elucidation of key contributing pathways in animal models of ischemia-reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, and restenosis consequent to vascular injury may lead to great interest in determining if blocking these pathways could prevent vascular disease in human subjects. This review details the evidence that the protein kinase C (PKC) beta/early growth response-1 axis plays a central role in the response to both acute and chronic vascular stresses in animal models and also indicates the clinical implications of a specific inhibitor of PKCbeta, ruboxistaurin (LY333531).
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA. sy18@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Shi-Fang
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Evis
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Harja
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andrassy
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Ann Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000503:physiopathology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008301:Maleimides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051379:Mice; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D064546:Protein Kinase C beta; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C497325:EGR1 protein, human; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; D007211:Indoles; D008301:Maleimides; C099154:ruboxistaurin; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D064546:Protein Kinase C beta; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases