title: Prevalence of celiac disease among siblings of celiac disease patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of celiac disease (CD) in siblings of patients with this disease in Punjab, where wheat is the staple diet.
  
  
  METHODS
  Families of 80 patients with CD diagnosed as per modified ESPGAN criteria were offered family screening. Their siblings aged 2-15 years were tested for serum IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody (anti-tTG) antibody. Those with positive or borderline test and some of those with negative test underwent endoscopic duodenal biopsy. Siblings with characteristics histological findings and showing improvement on follow-up were labeled as having celiac disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 63 siblings of 48 index cases studied, 15 tested positive for anti-tTG; of these 13 had celiac disease. Three tested borderline for anti-tTG; none of them had CD. Of the 45 anti-tTG-negative subjects, two agreed to undergo biopsy; one of these had features of CD. Overall, 14 of 63 (22%) siblings had CD, including 8 who had no symptoms suggestive of CD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CD is common among siblings of patients with CD in Punjab and may be asymptomatic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gautam
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Vandana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Midha
authors.forename: Ajit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sood
authors.forename: Neena
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sood
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012306:Risk; D035781:Siblings