title: Outcomes of oral anticoagulant therapy managed by telephone vs in-office visits in an anticoagulation clinic setting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anticoagulation management by a dedicated anticoagulation clinic improves patient outcomes compared to routine medical care. Telephone-based anticoagulation management has been described but has not been compared to management with traditional office-based visits. The objective of this study was to compare warfarin-related monitoring outcomes, clinical end points, and the use of health-care resources as a result of warfarin-related complications in anticoagulation clinic patients whose management was conducted by telephone or in-office-based visits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two university-affiliated anticoagulation clinics in Seattle, WA, and Chicago, IL.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective, observational cohort design was used to investigate anticoagulation clinic patients who were managed by telephone encounters compared to those managed during face-to-face in-office encounters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 234 patients were evaluated; 117 patients managed by telephone were compared to 117 patients managed in office-based clinic visits. Monitoring outcomes (ie, time in therapeutic range and clinic visits per patient-year) were similar between groups. Differences in major bleeding (5.67% vs 5.62% per patient-year, respectively) and thromboembolic events (1.42% vs 2.81% per patient-year, respectively) between telephone-managed and face-to-face-managed patients did not reach statistical significance. The same was true for differences in the frequency of emergency department visits and hospital admissions to manage complications of warfarin therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Telephone-based management of oral anticoagulation through a pharmacist-staffed anticoagulation clinic yielded clinical outcomes that were at least as favorable as those associated with traditional office-based visits. Telephone follow-up can be successfully used to manage warfarin therapy in patients who are unable to present in person to an anticoagulation clinic.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Ann K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Wittkowsky
authors.forename: Edith A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Nutescu
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blackburn
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mullins
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hardman
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Vikrant
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vats
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006296:Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009819:Office Visits; D010346:Patient Care Management / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013689:Telephone; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014859:Warfarin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D014859:Warfarin