title: The association between parents' past agricultural injuries and their children's risk of injury: analyses from the Regional Rural Injury Study-II.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine associations between parents' and children's agricultural injuries in a cohort of farming and ranching households.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analyses from a population-based, nested case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 1999 Regional Rural Injury Study-II, involving a cohort of 3765 agricultural households. Demographic, injury, and exposure data were collected for household members for 1 year.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 203 injured children (cases) and 755 randomly selected control children were identified for the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children's risk of injury was estimated in reference to individual and combined parental injury experience. Two periods were evaluated, separately and in combination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by using logistic regression; directed acyclic graphs guided selection of potential confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When controlling for potential confounders, children whose fathers were injured before the study year had twice the risk of injury of those whose fathers were not injured (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.5-3.0). Children had increased risk of injury if their mothers were injured before the study (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.7-3.8) or during the study (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 0.9-4.2). Children whose parents both reported agricultural injuries before the study had a 4-fold increase in injury risk over those with neither parent injured (OR, 4.2; 95% CI, 2.6-6.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Positive associations between parents' and children's injuries were observed, with a potential additive effect if both parents were injured. These results indicate a need for further research into the social and/or physical environments driving these associations so that appropriate interventions for pediatric injury can be determined.
authors.affiliation: Regional Injury Prevention Research Center, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen Ferguson
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Langner
authors.forename: Bruce H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Gurney
authors.forename: Susan G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Gerberich
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Colleen M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Renier
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Mongin
mesh_terms: D000062:Accidents, Occupational / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000383:Agriculture; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010290:Parents; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*