title: Direct medical cost of influenza-related hospitalizations in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our goal was to determine the cost of influenza-related hospitalization in children with community-acquired laboratory-confirmed influenza and to identify predictors of high hospitalization costs.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective cohort study of patients 21 years and younger hospitalized at a children's hospital with community-acquired laboratory-confirmed influenza during 4 consecutive influenza seasons (2000-2004). The main outcome measure was the direct medical cost of influenza-related hospitalizations, including the cost of diagnostics, therapeutics, room, and physician services.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Electronic billing data were retrievable for 727 (98%) of 745 patients hospitalized for community-acquired laboratory-confirmed influenza during the study period. A total of 478 (66%) children were in a high-risk group for whom the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended influenza vaccine (patients with Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices-designated chronic medical conditions or aged 6-23 months). The mean total cost of hospitalization for influenza-related illness was 13,159 dollars (39,792 dollars for patients admitted to an ICU; 7030 dollars for patients cared for exclusively on the wards). High-risk patients had higher mean total costs (15,269 dollars) than low-risk patients (9107 dollars). Cardiac, metabolic, and neurologic/neuromuscular diseases and age of 18 to 21 years were independently associated with the highest hospitalization costs (>15th percentile).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cost of influenza-related hospitalizations in children may be considerably higher than previously estimated. The presence of certain Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices-designated chronic medical conditions is associated with higher influenza-related hospitalization costs. Successfully immunizing patients with these conditions has the potential for significant cost savings.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3535 Market St, Room 1524, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. keren@email.chop.edu
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Keren
authors.forename: Theoklis E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Zaoutis
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saddlemire
authors.forename: Xian Qun
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Luan
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Coffin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies