title: Repeat transseptal catheterization after ablation for atrial fibrillation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A substantial number of patients require a second left atrial procedure after ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF), either for left atrial flutter or recurrent AF. The success and complication rates of repeat transseptal catheterization in these patients are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the difficulty and/or success rates of repeat transseptal catheterization after left atrial ablation for AF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consecutive patients undergoing repeat left atrial procedures after ablation for AF over a 1-year period were enrolled. Difficulties with, success rates, and complications of the first and second transseptal catheterizations were recorded. Sixteen patients underwent a repeat transseptal catheterization. Of the 4 in whom the first procedure was performed with an ablation catheter across a patent foramen ovale (PFO), 3 required a transseptal puncture for their repeat procedure. The remaining 12 underwent transseptal puncture without difficulty for their first procedure, and, despite the same operators for each patient, the repeat transseptal was noted to be difficult in 5. Of those 5, the transseptal puncture was unsuccessful due to increased interatrial septal thickness in 2 patients. One repeat transseptal attempt was aborted after posterior right atrial puncture with the transseptal needle occurred, attributed to distorted interatrial septal anatomy not observed prior to the first case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with the first procedure, repeat transseptal catheterization after ablation for AF, whether initially performed across a PFO or via a transseptal puncture, is more difficult, less often successful, and potentially associated with more complications.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Electrophysiology Section, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-1354, USA. marcusg@medicine.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Gregory M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Marcus
authors.forename: Xiushui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Zian H
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Nitish
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Badhwar
authors.forename: Byron K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Randall J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Elyse
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Jeffrey E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Olgin
mesh_terms: D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006346:Heart Septum; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011677:Punctures / Q000379:methods*; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D016896:Treatment Outcome