title: Ethnic disparities in problem behaviour in adolescence contribute to ethnic disparities in social class in adulthood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is important for prevention of social class disparities to know how ethnic disparities in social class arise among migrant children. We contribute to this understanding by examining the role of problem behaviour in adolescence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study with 753 Dutch native and 217 Turkish migrant adolescents (11-18 year) followed for 10 years. Internalising and externalising problems were assessed in adolescence and employment status and occupational level were assessed in adulthood. The difference in odds ratios (OR) before and after adjustment for internalising and externalising problems was an indication of the predictive value of disparities in internalising and externalising problems for the development of social class disparities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 135 (62%) of the Turkish and 602 (80%) of the Dutch adults were employed. Internalising and externalising problems were not associated with employment status. Of the employed, 65 (48%) Turkish and 179 (30%) Dutch adults worked in low-level occupations (p < 0.0001). Internalising and externalising problems were associated with both ethnicity and occupation. The OR for low-level occupation for Turkish adults was 1.78 (1.19-2.65), indicating ethnic disparities. Adjustment for internalising problems lowered the OR with 36% to 1.50 (0.97-2.31), and adjustment for externalising problems lowered it with 8% to 1.72 (1.15-2.57). Findings were similar for men and women and did not vary by age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ethnic disparities in occupational level in adulthood could partly be attributed to disparities in mental health between Turkish migrants and Dutch natives in adolescence. Prevention of ethnic disparities in mental health at young age may therefore also contribute to the prevention of occupational differences in adulthood.
authors.affiliation: Erasmus MC, Dept. of Public Health, University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. f.vanoort@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: Floor V A
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: van Oort
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van der Ende
authors.forename: Alfons A M
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Crijnen
authors.forename: Frank C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Verhulst
authors.forename: Johan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Mackenbach
authors.forename: Inez M A
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Joung
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004651:Employment / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D009426:Netherlands; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014171:Transients and Migrants / Q000523:psychology; D014421:Turkey / Q000208:ethnology