B-cells in multiple sclerosis.
B-cells may be involved at many levels in the pathogenesis of MS, starting from the earliest stage of antigen capture, continuing through the processes of tissue damage and even extending through to remyelination and repair. Recent advances in our understanding of normal B-cell biology and abnormal regulation of their functions in relation to the pathology of MS are discussed in this review. Current treatments already target B-cell responses; consequently, this effect may be one explanation for the efficacy of these treatments in some types of MS. The results of specific anti-B-cell therapies are awaited. Even if success is limited, it is possible that targeting this important group of cells, whether as antigen-presenting cells, as regulators of immune responses or as antibody-secreting cells, will form at least part of more successful treatment strategies in the future.
Duddy
M
M
Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK. martin.duddy@nuth.nhs.uk
Bar-Or
A
A
D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000276:immunology; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D043025:Oligoclonal Bands / Q000276:immunology
D001323:Autoantibodies; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D043025:Oligoclonal Bands; D016753:Interleukin-10; D016899:Interferon-beta