title: Comment on "Statistical independence of escalatory ecological trends in Phanerozoic marine invertebrates".
abstract: The analysis of Madin et al. (Reports, 12 May 2006, p. 897) of Phanerozoic diversity failed to support expected correlations between carnivores and noncarnivores, leading the authors to reject escalation as an important macroevolutionary process. The test, however, is based on a flawed model of causality, and the ecological groups are improperly delineated with regard to the hypothesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Geology, California Academy of Sciences, 875 Howard Street, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA. proopnarine@calacademy.org
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Roopnarine
authors.forename: Kenneth D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Angielczyk
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hertog
mesh_terms: D000220:Adaptation, Biological; D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D005075:Biological Evolution; D017753:Ecosystem; D005580:Fossils; D007448:Invertebrates; D011235:Predatory Behavior; D012623:Seawater; D013223:Statistics as Topic