title: Reference limits for urinary fractional excretion of electrolytes in adult non-racing Greyhound dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine reference limits for urinary fractional excretion of electrolytes in Greyhound dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urinary fractional excretion was calculated using a spot clearance method preceded by a 16 to 20 hour fast in 48 Greyhound dogs. Raw data analysed using the bootstrap estimate was used to calculate the reference limits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The observed range for urinary fractional excretion in Greyhound dogs was 0.0 to 0.77% for sodium, 0.9 to 14.7% for potassium, 0 to 0.66% for chloride, 0.03 to 0.22% for calcium and 0.4 to 20.1% for phosphate. Expressed as percentages, the suggested reference limits for fractional excretion in Greyhound dogs are as follows: sodium < or = 0.72, potassium < or = 12.2, chloride < or = 0.55, calcium < or = 0.13 and phosphate < or = 16.5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Veterinary practitioners may use these reference limits for urinary electrolyte fractional excretion when investigating renal tubular disease in Greyhound dogs.
authors.affiliation: University of Melbourne Veterinary Clinic and Hospital, Werribee VIC 3030. slbenn@unimelb.edu.au
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Abraham
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Holloway
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Parry
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000652:urine; D002712:Chlorides / Q000652:urine; D004285:Dogs / Q000652:urine*; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D010710:Phosphates / Q000652:urine; D011188:Potassium / Q000652:urine; D012016:Reference Values; D012964:Sodium / Q000652:urine; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D004573:Electrolytes; D010710:Phosphates; D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium