title: High energy shock waves (HESW) for sonodynamic therapy: effects on HT-29 human colon cancer cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Whether high energy shock waves (HESW), generated by a piezoelectric generator, were able to activate a sonosensitizer, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and induce inhibition of cell growth in HT-29 human colorectal cancer cells was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell survival and cell death pathways were investigated by cell growth curves, flow cytometry analysis and ELISA nucleosome evaluation. HT-29 cells were exposed to ALA and different HESW treatments: E1 (energy flux density = 0.22 mJ/mm2; 500 and 1000 shots) and E2 (energy flux density = 0.88 mJ/mm2; 500 and 1000 shots).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant reduction of HT-29 cell growth with respect to untreated cells was observed only after treatment with ALA and HESW E2, 500 shots. In particular, HESWE2, 500 shots, was able to induce an arrest of HT-29 cells exposed to ALA in the G0/G1-phase of the cell cycle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HESW is proposed for the sonodynamic treatment of cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, University of Torino, Via Genova 3, 10126 Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Canaparo
authors.forename: Loredana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Serpe
authors.forename: Maria Graziella
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Catalano
authors.forename: Ornella
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bosco
authors.forename: Gian Paolo
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Zara
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Berta
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Frairia
mesh_terms: D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D019073:HT29 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D019220:High-Energy Shock Waves / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy
chemical_list: D009707:Nucleosomes; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid