title: Improvement of gait by chronic, high doses of methylphenidate in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Therapeutic management of gait disorders in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) can sometimes be disappointing, since dopaminergic drug treatments and subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation are more effective for limb-related parkinsonian signs than for gait disorders. Gait disorders could also be partly related to norepinephrine system impairment, and the pharmacological modulation of both dopamine and norepinephrine pathways could potentially improve the symptomatology.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the clinical value of chronic, high doses of methylphenidate (MPD) in patients with PD having gait disorders, despite their use of optimal dopaminergic doses and STN stimulation parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Efficacy was blindly assessed on video for 17 patients in the absence of L-dopa and again after acute administration of the drug, both before and after a 3-month course of MPD, using a Stand-Walk-Sit (SWS) Test, the Tinetti Scale, the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part III score and the Dyskinesia Rating Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An improvement was observed in the number of steps and time in the SWS Test, the number of freezing episodes, the Tinetti Scale score and the UPDRS part III score in the absence of L-dopa after 3 months of taking MPD. The L-dopa-induced improvement in these various scores was also stronger after the 3-month course of MPD than before. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale score fell dramatically in all patients. No significant induction of adverse effects was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic, high doses of MPD improved gait and motor symptoms in the absence of L-dopa and increased the intensity of response of these symptoms to L-dopa in a population with advanced PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Institute of Predictive Medicine and Therapeutic Research, Lille University Medical Centre, Lille, France. d-devos@chru-lille.fr
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Devos
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krystkowiak
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Clement
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dujardin
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cottencin
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Waucquier
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ajebbar
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thielemans
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kroumova
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Duhamel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Destée
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bordet
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Defebvre
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005221:Fatigue; D005260:Female; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D008774:Methylphenidate