Thrombin-activatable procarboxypeptidase B regulates activated complement C5a in vivo.
Plasma procarboxypeptidase B (proCPB) is activated by the endothelial thrombin-thrombomodulin [corrected] complex. Activated proCPB [corrected] (CPB) functions as a fibrinolysis inhibitor, but it may play a broader role by inactivating inflammatory mediators. To test this hypothesis, C5a-induced alveolitis was studied in wild-type (WT) and proCPB-deficient mice (proCPB-/-). C5a-induced alveolitis, as measured by cell counts and total protein contents in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, was markedly enhanced in the proCPB-/- mice. E229K thrombin, a thrombin mutant with minimal clotting activity but retaining its ability to activate protein C and proCPB, attenuated C5a-induced alveolitis in WT but not in proCPB-/- mice, indicating that its beneficial effect is mediated primarily by its activation of proCPB. Lung tissue histology confirmed these cellular inflammatory responses. Delayed administration of E229K thrombin after the C5a instillation was ineffective in reducing alveolitis in WT mice, suggesting that the beneficial effect of E229K thrombin is due to the direct inhibition of C5a by CPB. Our studies show that thrombin-activatable proCPB, in addition to its role in fibrinolysis, has intrinsic anti-inflammatory functions. Its activation, along with protein C, by the endothelial thrombin-TM complex represents a homeostatic response to counteract the inflammatory mediators generated at the site of vascular injury.
Nishimura
Toshihiko
T
Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Veterans Administration Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
Myles
Timothy
T
Piliponsky
Adrian M
AM
Piliposky
Adrian M
AM
Kao
Peter N
PN
Berry
Gerald J
GJ
Leung
Lawrence L K
LL
D000818:Animals; D018893:Bronchoalveolar Lavage; D016466:CHO Cells; D043424:Carboxypeptidase B / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015936:Complement C5a / Q000378:metabolism*; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017563:Lung Diseases, Interstitial / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D013917:Thrombin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
D016207:Cytokines; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D015936:Complement C5a; D043424:Carboxypeptidase B; D013917:Thrombin