title: Trait impulsivity in patients with mood disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Impulsivity is a key component of the manic behavior of bipolar disorder and is reported to occur in bipolar patients as a stable characteristic, i.e. a trait. Nevertheless, impulsivity has not been widely studied in depressed bipolar patients. We assessed impulsivity in depressed and euthymic bipolar and unipolar patients and healthy controls. We hypothesized that bipolar subjects would have higher levels of trait impulsivity than the comparison groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four depressed bipolar, 24 depressed unipolar, 12 euthymic bipolar, and 10 euthymic unipolar patients, as well as 51 healthy subjects were evaluated with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS). Analysis of covariance with age and sex as covariates was used to compare mean group differences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depressed bipolar, euthymic bipolar, and depressed unipolar patients did not differ, and showed greater impulsivity than healthy controls on all of the BIS scales. Euthymic unipolar patients scored higher than healthy controls only on motor impulsivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher number of past substance abusers in the bipolar groups, and no control for anxiety and personality disorders, as well as small sample sizes, limit the reach of this study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study replicates prior findings of stable trait impulsivity in bipolar disorder patients, and extends them, confirming that this trait can be demonstrated in depressed patients, as well as manic and euthymic ones. Trait impulsivity may be the result of repeated mood episodes or be present prior to their onset, either way it would influence the clinical presentation of bipolar disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA. mampeluso@hotmail.com
authors.forename: M A M
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Peluso
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hatch
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Glahn
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Monkul
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanches
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Najt
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Bowden
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Barratt
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Soares
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D007174:Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D019263:Dysthymic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires