Inhibitors of the TGF-beta superfamily and their clinical applications.
The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily includes TGF-betas, activin, myostatin and bone morphogenetic proteins. Misregulation of the activity of TGF-beta family members is involved in pathogenesis of cancer, muscular dystrophy, obesity and bone and tooth remodeling. Natural inhibitors for the TGF-beta superfamily regulate fine-tuning of activity of TGF-beta family in vivo. In addition to natural inhibitors for the TGF-beta family, soluble forms of receptors for the TGF-beta family, blocking monoclonal antibodies and small chemical TGF-beta inhibitors have been developed. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of inhibitors for the TGF-beta superfamily and their medical applications.
Tsuchida
K
K
Division for Therapies against Intractable Diseases, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan. tsuchida@fujita-hu.ac.jp
Sunada
Y
Y
Noji
S
S
Murakami
T
T
Uezumi
A
A
Nakatani
M
M
D000818:Animals; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D055435:Myostatin; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*
D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; C525911:MSTN protein, human; D055435:Myostatin; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta