title: TLR signaling pathways: opportunities for activation and blockade in pursuit of therapy.
abstract: The identification of the TLRs as key sensors of microbial infection has presented a series of new targets for drug development. The TLRs are linked to the most powerful inflammatory pathways in mammals. The question arises from the start: do we wish to stimulate TLR signaling in order to eradicate specific infections and/or neoplastic diseases? Or do we wish to block TLR signaling to treat inflammatory diseases? If we accept that it would be useful to modulate TLR signaling, the next step is to identify the correct molecular target(s) for the task. Perhaps it might even be possible to exercise selectivity, modulating some aspects of TLR signaling and not others. Classical and reverse genetic analyses offer insight into the possibilities that exist, and point to specific checkpoints within signaling pathways at which modulation might normally be imposed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, IMM-31, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. bruce@scripps.edu.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hoebe
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Georgel
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tabeta
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Beutler
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000819:agonists* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors