title: Adverse effects of dopamine on systemic hemodynamic status and oxygen transport in neonates after the Norwood procedure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dopamine on hemodynamic status and oxygen transport in neonates after the Norwood procedure.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Dopamine is widely used to augment cardiac performance and increase oxygen delivery (DO2) in patients after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). This might be at the expense of increased myocardial and systemic oxygen consumption (VO2), thus offsetting the improved DO2. This balance is particularly fragile in critically ill neonates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systemic oxygen consumption was continuously measured with respiratory mass spectrometry in 13 sedated, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated neonates for 72 h after the Norwood procedure. Arterial, superior vena caval, and pulmonary venous blood gases were measured to calculate pulmonary blood flow (Q(p)) and systemic blood flow (Q(s)), DO2, and oxygen extraction ratio (ERO2). Rate-pressure product was calculated. Dopamine at a dose of 5 microg/kg/min was routinely administered at cessation of CPB and terminated within the first 48 h. Hemodynamic and oxygen transport measures were obtained before and at 100 min after the termination of dopamine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Terminating dopamine was not associated with significant changes in arterial pressure, Q(p), Q(s), or DO2 but was associated with a significant decrease in heart rate (p = 0.003), rate-pressure product (p = 0.03), and VO2 (-20 +/- 11%, p < 0.0001), resulting in a significant decrease in ERO2 (p = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dopamine induces a significant increase in VO2 in neonates after the Norwood procedure, and termination is associated with an improved balance of VO2-DO2. These data further emphasize the importance of understanding changes in VO2 as well as DO2 in infants after cardiac surgery.
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Program, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Gencheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Holtby
authors.forename: Tilman
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Humpl
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Caldarone
authors.forename: Glen S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Van Arsdell
authors.forename: Andrew N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Redington
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D004298:Dopamine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D015657:Respiratory Transport / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004298:Dopamine