title: Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 impairs plasminogen activation-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis.
abstract: The role of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) apoptosis mediated by plasminogen activation was studied with the use of aorticVSMC derived from mice with deficiency of PAI-1 (PAI-1 (-/-) ), tissue-type (t-PA (-/-) ) or urokinase-type (u-PA (-/-) ) plasminogen activator or from wildtype (WT) mice with corresponding genetic background. Plasminogen incubated with confluent VSMC was activated in a concentration-dependent and saturable manner for all four cell types, with maximal activation rates that were comparable for WT, u-PA (-/-) and t-PA (-/-) cells, but about two-fold higher for PAI-1 (-/-) cells. Plasminogen activation was impaired by addition of the lysine analogue 6-aminohexanoic acid, and by addition of t-PA and u-PA neutralizing antibodies, suggesting that it depends on binding to cell surface COOH-terminal lysine residues, and on plasminogen activator activity. Morphological alterations consistent with apoptosis were observed much earlier in PAI-1 (-/-) than in WT VSMC. Without addition of plasminogen, the apoptotic index was similar for all four cell types, whereas after incubation with physiological plasminogen concentrations, it was greater in PAI-1 (-/-) VSMC, as compared to WT, t-PA (-/-) or u-PA (-/-) VSMC. Furthermore, the apoptotic rate paralleled the release of plasmin. Thus, plasmin-mediated apoptosis of VSMC occurs via plasminogen activation by either t-PA or u-PA and is impaired by PAI-1.
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, K.U.Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rossignol
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Anglès-Cano
authors.forename: Henri Roger
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Lijnen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta; D017209:Apoptosis; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology*; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000172:deficiency / Q000502:physiology; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000172:deficiency / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D010958:Plasminogen; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator