title: Putting informed and shared decision making into practice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the practice, experiences and views of motivated and trained family physicians as they attempt to implement informed and shared decision making (ISDM) in routine practice and to identify and understand the barriers they encounter.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Patient involvement in decision making about their health care has been the focus of much academic activity. Although significant conceptual and experimental work has been done, ISDM rarely occurs. Physician attitudes and lack of training are identified barriers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative analysis of transcripts of consultations and key informant group interviews.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six family physicians received training in the ISDM competencies. Audiotapes of office consultations were made before and after training. Transcripts of consultations were examined to identify behavioural markers associated with each competency and the range of expression of the competencies. The physicians attended group interviews at the end of the study to explore experiences of ISDM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The physicians liked the ISDM model and thought that they should put it into practice. Evidence from transcripts indicated they were able to elicit concerns, ideas and expectations (although not about management) and agree an action plan. They did not elicit preferences for role or information. They sometimes offered choices. They had difficulty achieving full expression of any of the competencies and integrating ISDM into their script for the medical interview. The study also identified a variety of competency-specific barriers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A major barrier to the practice of ISDM by motivated physicians appears to be the need to change well-established patterns of communication with patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine & Undergraduate Dean's Office, Faculty of Medicine and Division of Health Care Communication, College of Health Disciplines, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. atowle@interchange.ubc.ca
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Towle
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Godolphin
authors.forename: Garry
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grams
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lamarre
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001955:British Columbia; D002648:Child; D003657:Decision Making; D005194:Family Practice / Q000193:education*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010358:Patient Participation; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D015397:Program Evaluation