title: Outcome of conservative treatment of primary vesicoureteral reflux in 87 Thai children in a single center.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the outcome of primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) using conservative treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-seven children with primary VUR who had been treated with a conservative medical regimen and monitored through a yearly cystogram were recruited for the study. The study was conducted at the Pediatric Nephrology Clinic in Songklanagarind Hospital, the major tertiary care center in southern Thailand. Statistical analyses using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test and multivariate analysis with Cox regression were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study group consisted of 41 boys and 46 girls, with a total of 133 VUR. The age of the boys was significantly lower than that of the girls (P < 0.001). Resolution of the low grades (grades I-III) of VUR was significantly more frequent than that of the high grades (grades IV-V) (68/95, 72%vs 14/38, 37%; P < 0.001). Using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank test, the resolutions of VUR in boys versus girls, and age <1 years versus >or=1 years were not significantly different (P = 0.2252 and 0.4756, respectively). Low-grade VUR and unilateral VUR had significantly higher probabilities of resolution than high-grade VUR and bilateral VUR, respectively (P = 0.0041 and 0.0467, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that among low-grade VUR, boys and unilateral VUR had significantly higher probabilities of resolution. Among the high-grade VUR, neither sex nor laterality had a significant effect on the probabilities of VUR resolution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study offers more evidence that children with low-grade VUR have a higher chance of reflux resolution if they are boys and have only unilateral VUR. There is still no good guide for resolution of reflux in children with high-grade VUR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand. vprayong@msn.com
authors.forename: Prayong
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vachvanichsanong
authors.forename: Pornsak
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dissaneewate
authors.forename: Apiradee
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Geater
mesh_terms: D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013785:Thailand; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014513:Ureter / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*