title: High amount of dinophysistoxin-3 in Mytilus chilensis collected in Seno de Reloncaví, chile, during massive human intoxication associated with outbreak of Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
abstract: This study describes the detection of high amount of 7-O-acyl-derivative dinophysistoxin-1 (Dinophysistoxin-3) in filter bivalves collected on February 2005 in the Seno de Reloncaví, Puerto Montt City, Southern Chile, in the same period of time where an intoxication episode was associated with the presence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in shellfish. The Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) mouse bioassay of mussel extract samples, performed as described for regulatory testing, were negative to DSP toxins. Therefore, the same mussel samples collected from 8 places of Seno de Reloncaví were then analyzed by the HPLC-FLD method with pre-column derivatization procedure for DSP toxins. The samples showed mainly 7-O-acyl-derivative dinophysistoxin-1 (Dinophysistoxin-3) in concentrations ranging from 190.3 +/- 6.8 to 311.1 +/- 4.8 ng of DSP toxin/g hepatopancreas and less amounts of Dinophysistoxin-1 ranging from 1.9 +/- 1.5 to 11.7 +/- 4.6 ng of DSP toxin/g hepatopancreas. After alkaline hydrolysis of the mussel extracts, 279.4 +/- 7.2 ng of Dinophysistoxin-1 /g hepatopancreas (mean +/- SEM, N=6) were found in mussel extracts (Zone 8). These data showed that these shellfish samples are contaminated with the ester form 7-O-acyl-derivatives of Dinophysisyoxin-1, far beyond the safe regulatory limit. This paper also shows a direct relation between lipid content in the mussel tissue extracts and the levels of Dinophysistoxin-3. The 7-O-acyl-derivative dinophysistoxin-1 ester was the only compound associated with DSP toxins detected in the shellfish samples, and in view of the fact that metabolic transformation of Dinophysistoxin-3 into Dinophysistoxin-1 in humans has recently been described in the literature, the consumption of shellfish contaminated with 7-O-acyl-derivatives dinophysistoxin-1 could be a major reason that explains the diarrhetic symptoms shown by the intoxicated patients.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio Bioquímica de Membrana, Departamento de Fisiología y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schonstedt
authors.forename: Juan Palbo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Santelices
authors.forename: Néstor
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lagos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002677:Chile / Q000453:epidemiology; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D049878:Mytilus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D019319:Okadaic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D011714:Pyrans / Q000032:analysis*; D014735:Vibrio Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014736:Vibrio parahaemolyticus
chemical_list: D011714:Pyrans; C092883:dinophysistoxin 3; D019319:Okadaic Acid