title: Application of current knowledge to the management of bleeding events during immune tolerance induction.
abstract: The development of inhibitors to factor VIII is the most serious adverse event associated with the treatment of haemophilia A, predisposing patients to uncontrollable haemorrhage, disability and premature death. Eradication of inhibitors via immune tolerance induction (ITI) is effective in the majority of patients, but may require months to years to achieve success. In the interim, the treatment and prevention of acute bleeding episodes are primary foci of care. Regrettably, there is a paucity of information regarding management of bleeding episodes in inhibitor patients undergoing tolerization. Until specific data from ongoing clinical trials are available to provide more guidance in this patient group, it is reasonable and useful to rely on the broader base of medical literature pertaining to patients not being tolerized to deduce strategies for controlling acute and perioperative bleeding episodes in inhibitor patients during ITI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. jorge-dipaola@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Di Paola
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aledort
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Britton
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carcao
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grabowski
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hutter
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Journeycake
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kempton
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leissinger
mesh_terms: D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D005169:Factor VIII / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006467:Hemophilia A / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007518:Isoantibodies / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D007518:Isoantibodies; D005169:Factor VIII