title: [Evaluation of conventional hemi nested PCR analysis for fetal RHD determination in maternal plasma].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was to evaluate the possibility of identifying the fetal RhD status in maternal plasma using conventional hemi nested PCR analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  After informed written consent, 20 mL of peripheral blood were collected in 99 D-negative pregnant women either at an amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis or at a prenatal checkup. Fetal DNA extracted from 400 microL of maternal plasma was analyzed by two different operators with a hemi-nested PCR extending an area of the RhD gene exon 10. The results were compared to the fetal RhD status obtained by PCR amniotic fluid analysis or blood analysis of newborns after delivery. The influence of mother's and baby's phenotype were also studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 99 D-negative pregnant women, all Caucasian, 47 were in their second trimester and 52 in their third trimester (mean: 27.20 weeks of gestation +/-8.25). Sixty-nine fetuses were D-positive and thirty D-negative. The sensitivity and specificity of our technique were respectively 100% and 86.7% and 15% of discordant results were observed between the two operators. Four false positives were observed. According to maternal phenotype, a fetal unexpressed RHD gene was suspected in only one case because of a particular fetal phenotype (ddCcEe).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A conventional hemi nested PCR analysis of maternal plasma could be used for accurate fetal RhD status. However this procedure is difficult to apply for routine analysis because of the importance of anti-contamination measures required to obtain good results. Real time quantitative PCR analysis on fetal DNA is more suitable. Whatever the operating procedure used, polymorphism of RhD gene may follow in either false negative from presence of rearranged gene or false positive from occasional presence of a non functional RHD gene.
authors.affiliation: Service de Diagnostic Anténatal, Hôpital Jeanne-de-Flandre, 2, avenue Oscar-Lambret, 59037 Lille Cedex. dolo.couvreux@wanadoo.fr
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dif-Couvreux
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Houfflin-Debarge
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Delsalle
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dourieux
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dubreucq
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Manessier
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Puech
mesh_terms: D004247:DNA / Q000097:blood*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D012203:Rh Isoimmunization / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System / Q000235:genetics; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System; C026410:Rho(D) antigen; D004247:DNA