title: Postpartum sexuality concerns among first-time parents from one U.S. academic hospital.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sexual perceptions and activities are influenced by pregnancy and childbirth due to both physical and emotional changes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our goal was to illuminate the sexuality issues of concern to first-time parents (mothers and fathers) of healthy, singleton newborns in one U.S. academic hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Number of sexuality concerns and self-reported degree of resolution by months postpartum and gender of parent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anonymous, cross-sectional postal survey of two first-time parent cohorts: 4 months postpartum (113 responses/404 mailed = 28.0%) and 12 months postpartum (99 responses/394 mailed = 25.1%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately half of the parents reported questions or concerns on between two and eight of 19 sexuality topics. Only 11% of participating mothers and 17% of participating fathers had one or no concerns (P = 0.27 by gender), and 17% of mothers and 9% of fathers had >13 concerns (P = 0.12 by gender). There were fewer maternal concerns if they did not live with the father (P = 0.01), slightly fewer if the delivery was vaginal vs. cesarean (P = 0.07), and no differences by forceps/vacuum use or episiotomy/vaginal tear. The top concerns at 4 months postpartum were quite similar by gender and included when to resume intercourse, birth control, and the sexual impact of physical recovery from delivery. At 12 months, mothers and fathers both frequently reported a sexuality impact from the mother's body image concerns and desire discrepancy. One year postpartum, there were three sexuality topics with fairly high prevalence (more than one-third parents had this concern) that persisted (no self-reported resolution among at least one-third of parents): child-rearing differences with spouse, greater desire by the man than the woman, and the mother's body image.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  New mothers and fathers both have postpartum sexuality concerns/questions, many of which can be addressed by healthcare providers.
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA;. Electronic address: lpastore@virginia.edu.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pastore
authors.affiliation: Charlottesville Sexual Health & Wellness Clinic, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Colleen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Raymond
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003075:Coitus / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004414:Dyspareunia / Q000523:psychology; D005220:Fathers / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000523:psychology; D012747:Sexual Partners / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States