title: Microtensile bond strength and interfacial properties of self-etching and self-adhesive resin cements used to lute composite onlays under different seating forces.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate strength and morphology of the interface created on enamel and dentin by Panavia F 2.0 (P, Kuraray), RelyX Unicem (RU, 3M ESPE), and Maxcem (M, Sybron-Kerr), applied under two standardized clinically realistic seating pressures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Composite overlays (Paradigm MZ100, 3M ESPE) were luted on flat enamel or dentin surfaces of 48 extracted molars. During the initial 5-min self-curing period, a pressure of either 20 or 40 g/mm(2) was maintained on the overlay. Curing was completed by light irradiation from the top of the overlay for 20 s. Microtensile sticks and specimens for SEM observations were obtained from the luted teeth. Bond strength data from enamel and dentin (MPa) were analyzed with separate two-way ANOVAs in order to assess the effect of cement type, luting pressure, and their interactions. Tukey's test was used for post-hoc comparisons (alpha = 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bond strengths (MPa) to dentin were: P 20 g/mm(2) 7.5 +/- 3.7, 40 g/mm(2) 10.9 +/- 4.5; RU 20 g/mm(2) 6.8 +/- 2.6, 40 g/mm(2) 14.5 +/- 5.3; M 20 g/mm(2) 4.1 +/- 1.8, 40 g/mm(2) 5.2 +/- 1.6. The bond strengths (MPa) to enamel were: P 20 g/mm(2) 25.2 +/- 9.0, 40 g/mm(2) 30.7 +/- 8.6; RU 20 g/mm(2) 10.7 +/- 4.9, 40 g/mm(2) 11.1 +/- 5; M 20 g/mm(2) 7.3 +/- 3.1, 40 g/mm(2) 7.9 +/- .2. Cement type, luting pressure, and the interaction of these two factors had significant influences on dentin bond strength, with RU and P outperforming M. RU and P significantly benefited from the increase in luting pressure. In enamel, the type of cement was a significant factor for adhesion, with P yielding the highest and M the lowest strength. The measured bond strengths corresponded with the morphological results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interfacial strength and adaptation of self-etching and self-adhesive dual-curing cements are enhanced if a seating force greater than finger pressure is maintained throughout the initial self-curing period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Siena, Italy. cecilia.goracci@tin.it
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Goracci
authors.forename: Alvaro H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Cury
authors.forename: Amerigo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cantoro
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Papacchini
authors.forename: Franklin R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Tay
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrari
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D007284:Inlays; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011312:Pressure; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; C515955:Maxcem; C438843:Panavia-Fluoro; C483701:Rely X Unicem; D019279:Resin Cements; C452079:paradigm MZ100; D015040:Zirconium