title: Overnight change in brain natriuretic peptide levels in children with sleep-disordered breathing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obstructive sleep-disordered breathing is accompanied by episodic increases in left ventricle afterload due to large negative swings in intrathoracic pressure and repetitive surges in arterial pressure. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is released by ventricular myocytes in response to pressure and volume overload. It was hypothesized that in children with snoring, overnight change in BNP levels is correlated with severity of disturbance in respiration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Evening and morning plasma levels of BNP were measured in children with snoring referred for polysomnography.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sleep disorders laboratory in a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two children with apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) > or = 5/h (mean +/- SD age, 6.4 +/- 2.5 years), 60 children with AHI < 5/h (mean age, 7 +/- 2.9 years), and 27 control subjects without snoring (mean age, 7.8 +/- 3.7 years) were recruited.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overnight change in BNP (log-transformed ratio of morning-to-evening levels) was larger in children with AHI > or = 5/h, compared to those with AHI < 5/h or to control subjects (0.1 +/- 0.19 vs 0.01 +/- 0.14 vs - 0.06 +/- 0.18; p < 0.05). Children with AHI > or = 5/h had an odds ratio of 4.33 (95% confidence interval, 1.34 to 14) for change in peptide levels > 0.15 relatively to subjects with AHI < 5/h. AHI and oxygen saturation of hemoglobin nadir were significant predictors of overnight change in peptide levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In children with snoring, overnight increase in BNP levels is correlated with severity of disturbance in respiration during sleep, which may indicate presence of nocturnal cardiac strain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Larissa University Hospital, Larissa 41110, Greece. KADITIA@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Athanasios G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Kaditis
authors.forename: Emmanouel I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Alexopoulos
authors.forename: Fotini
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hatzi
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kostadima
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kiaffas
authors.forename: Epameinondas
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zakynthinos
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gourgoulianis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood*; D017286:Polysomnography; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012913:Snoring / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain