title: Sea urchin granuloma.
abstract: Injuries caused by venomous and poisonous aquatic animals may provoke important morbidity in humans. The phylum Echinoderma include more than 6000 species of starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers some of which have been found responsible for injuries to humans. Initial injuries by sea urchins are associated with trauma and envenomation, but later effects can be observed. Sea urchin granuloma is a chronic granulomatous skin disease caused by frequent and successive penetration of sea urchin spines which have not been removed from wounds. The authors report a typical case of sea urchin granuloma in a fisherman and its therapeutic implications.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, SC, and Hospital Vital Brazil, Instituto Butantan, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: André Luiz
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Rossetto
authors.forename: Jamesson
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Macedo Mora
authors.forename: Vidal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Haddad Junior
mesh_terms: D000062:Accidents, Occupational; D000818:Animals; D005398:Fisheries; D015745:Granuloma, Foreign-Body / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D006230:Hand Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012617:Sea Urchins