title: Is biopsy Gleason score independently associated with biochemical progression following radical prostatectomy after adjusting for pathological Gleason score?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Biopsy Gleason score is known to be associated with prostate specific antigen failure following radical prostatectomy. However, it is unclear whether it remains associated with outcome after surgery when the pathological Gleason score is known.
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined the association between biopsy Gleason score and biochemical progression after correcting for preoperative and postoperative characteristics, including pathological Gleason score, in 1,931 men treated with radical prostatectomy between 1988 and 2005 in the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital Database Study Group database. Gleason score was examined as a categorical variable of 2 to 6, 3 + 4 and 4 + 3 or greater.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher biopsy Gleason scores were positively associated with extracapsular extension (p <0.001), positive surgical margins (p <0.001), seminal vesicle invasion (p <0.001), positive lymph nodes (p <0.001) and biochemical progression (log rank p <0.001). After adjusting for only preoperative characteristics biopsy Gleason 3 + 4 and 4 + 3 or greater were associated with increased risk of biochemical progression compared to biopsy Gleason 6 or less (p = 0.001 and <0.001, respectively). After further adjusting for multiple pathological characteristics, including pathological Gleason score, the association between higher biopsy Gleason score and progression was little changed, in that men with biopsy Gleason 3 + 4 and 4 + 3 or greater were significantly more likely to experience progression (p = 0.001 and <0.001, respectively). Furthermore, when stratified by pathological Gleason score, higher biopsy Gleason scores were associated with an increased risk of biochemical progression in each pathological Gleason score category (log rank p </=0.007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biopsy Gleason score remained strongly associated with progression even when the pathological Gleason score was known and controlled for. If confirmed at other centers, incorporation of biopsy Gleason score into postoperative nomograms designed to estimate the progression risk might improve model precision.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urologic Surgery, Duke Prostate Center, University Medical Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA. nicholas.fitzsimons@duke.edu
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Fitzsimons
authors.forename: Joseph C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Presti
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.forename: Martha K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Terris
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Aronson
authors.forename: Christopher L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Amling
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Freedland
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D049451:Nomograms; D011184:Postoperative Period; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen