title: Using meta-regression in performing indirect-comparisons: comparing escitalopram with venlafaxine XR.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the absence of well-powered, randomised, direct-comparison trials, indirect comparisons are the only option for comparing treatment strategies. Several methodologies have been developed and each has sparked criticism. Using direct comparisons of escitalopram versus venlafaxine extended release (XR), we explore the differences between the two compounds through indirect comparisons.
  
  
  METHODS
  The CENTRAL, Medline and Embase databases were interrogated, focusing on randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials involving adult patients treated for major depressive disorder in the acute phase. Corresponding authors were contacted to reduce missing data. Effect sizes were derived from each study's primary outcome. For indirect comparisons, a global effect size was computed through meta-regression. For direct comparisons, the studies were considered separately due to missing data. Non-inferiority assessments were employed. The conclusion of the meta-regression was then compared with the conclusions made in direct comparison trials.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten placebo-controlled studies--six assessing escitalopram and four assessing venlafaxine XR--and two direct comparison studies were retrieved. Escitalopram was found to be non-inferior to venlafaxine XR in both indirect and direct comparisons with results of mean -0.02 (unilateral 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.16 to infinity) and 0.23 (95% CI -0.01 to infinity), respectively. Results obtained by both indirect and direct comparisons were similar. Investigating the influence of age, gender repartition and severity at baseline suggests that results are consistent. Results were also considered robust against publication bias.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This empirical finding suggests that escitalopram is non-inferior to venlafaxine XR. This reinforces the evidence found in direct comparisons trials. Indirect comparisons through meta-regression may be suitable to support decision-making. To fully assess its potential, further evaluation of this methodology, using other examples, is needed.
authors.affiliation: Inserm, U669, Paris, and Univ Paris-sud 11, Paris, France. laurent.eckert@gmail.com
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Eckert
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Falissard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015283:Citalopram / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019992:Databases as Topic; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride
chemical_list: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D015283:Citalopram; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride