title: Spectroscopic characterization of a high-potential lipo-cupredoxin found in Streptomyces coelicolor.
abstract: For many streptomycetes, a distinct dependence on the "bioavailability" of copper ions for their morphological development has been reported. Analysis of the Streptomyces coelicolor genome reveals a number of gene products encoding for putative copper-binding proteins. One of these appears as an unusual copper-binding protein with a lipoprotein signal sequence and a cupredoxin-like domain harboring a putative Type-1 copper-binding motif. Cloning of this gene from S. coelicolor and subsequent heterologous expression in Escherichia coli has allowed for a thorough spectroscopic interrogation of this putative copper-binding protein. Optical and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies have confirmed the presence of a "classic" Type-1 copper site with the axial ligand to the copper a methionine. Paramagnetic NMR spectroscopy on both the native Cu(II) form and Co(II)-substituted protein has yielded active-site structural information, which on comparison with that of other cupredoxin active sites reveals metal-ligand interactions most similar to the "classic" Type-1 copper site found in the amicyanin family of cupredoxins. Despite this high structural similarity, the Cu(II)/(I) midpoint potential of the S. coelicolor protein is an unprecedented +605 mV vs normal hydrogen electrode at neutral pH (amicyanin approximately +250 mV), with no active-site protonation of the N-terminal His ligand observed. Suggestions for the physiological role/function of this high-potential cupredoxin are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Contribution from the Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jonathan A R
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Worrall
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Machczynski
authors.forename: Bart J F
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Keijser
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: di Rocco
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ceola
authors.forename: Marcellus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ubbink
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vijgenboom
authors.forename: Gerard W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Canters
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001400:Azurin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D017931:DNA Primers; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D048372:Streptomyces coelicolor / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; C050107:cupredoxin; D001400:Azurin