title: Antioxidant and apoptosis-inducing activities of ellagic acid.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antioxidant, antiproliferative and apoptosis inducing activities of a natural polyphenolic compound, ellagic acid, were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  DPPH radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activities were observed. Activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were measured in ellagic acid-treated V79-4 cells. For apoptotic inducing activity, human osteogenic sarcoma (HOS) cell proliferation, chromosomal DNA degradation and changes in apoptosis-related protein levels were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ellagic acid showed high DPPH radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition activities. SOD, CAT and GPX activities were significantly increased in ellagic acid-treated V79-4 cells. Ellagic acid significantly reduced HOS cell proliferation, and induced apoptosis evidenced by chromosomal DNA degradation and apoptotic body appearance. Bax expression was induced and caspase-3 was activated by ellagic acid treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ellagic acid exhibited both antioxidant activity in V79-4 cells and apoptosis-inducing activity in HOS cells through the up-regulation of Bax and activation of caspase-3.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Hoon
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Min Jeon
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jeong Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D016466:CHO Cells; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006224:Cricetinae; D004610:Ellagic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D004610:Ellagic Acid; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D053148:Caspase 3