title: Challenges and obstacles of ocular pharmacokinetics and drug delivery.
abstract: Modern biological research has produced increasing number of promising therapeutic possibilities for medical treatment. These include for example growth factors, monoclonal antibodies, gene knockdown methods, gene therapy, surgical transplantations and tissue engineering. Ocular application of these possibilities involves drug delivery in many forms. Ocular drug delivery is hampered by the barriers protecting the eye. This review presents an overview of the essential factors in ocular pharmacokinetics and selected pharmacological future challenges in ophthalmology.
authors.affiliation: Drug Discovery and Development Technology Center, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Arto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Urtti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018916:Blood-Aqueous Barrier / Q000378:metabolism; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005123:Eye / Q000378:metabolism*; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010599:Pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations