title: The Acute Hangover Scale: A new measure of immediate hangover symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  No psychometrically established measure of acute hangover symptoms is published and available to use in experimental investigations. The present investigation combined data across three studies of residual alcohol effects to establish the properties of a new Acute Hangover Scale (AHS) based on symptoms supported in previous lab studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Professional mariners from a Swedish maritime academy (n=54) and young adult students/recent graduates of urban U.S. universities (n=135) participated in one of three within-subjects' studies of residual effects of heavy drinking (M=0.114 g% breath alcohol concentration [BrAC]). All drank placebo one evening and alcoholic drinks another evening followed by an 8-h sleep period before completing the AHS 10-20 min after awakening.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The AHS showed excellent internal consistency reliability the morning after alcohol. The AHS mean score and each item were significantly affected by beverage but not demographics or typical drinking, supporting validity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The AHS is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing acute hangover symptoms in experimental investigations of residual alcohol effects.
authors.affiliation: Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Box G-BH Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA. Damaris_Rohsenow@brown.edu
authors.forename: Damaris J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Rohsenow
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Howland
authors.forename: Sara J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Minsky
authors.forename: Jacey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Greece
authors.forename: Alissa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Timothy A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Roehrs
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D051271:Headache Disorders, Secondary / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires