Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease and anemia.
Anemia is a common comorbidity of chronic kidney disease (CKD). As the diseased kidney loses its ability to produce the erythropoietin essential to the production of hemoglobin, anemia ensues. The age-related rise in CKD makes anemia in CKD a problem of increasing prevalence among residents of long-term care facilities. CKD refers to the entire continuum of renal disease that progresses from mildly impaired kidney function (stage 1, glomerular filtration rate [GFR] > or =90 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) to significant deterioration, requiring dialysis or kidney transplant in what is categorized as stage 5 (GFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m(2)). The definition of anemia is controversial. The WHO defines anemia as hemoglobin <13 g/dL for men and <12 g/dL for women. The National Kidney Foundation's Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative, which is the criteria used for Medicare reimbursement, defines anemia in adult men and postmenopausal women as hemoglobin <12 g/dL, or <11 g/dL in a premenopausal woman.
Robinson
Bruce E
BE
Florida State University College of Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Sarasota, FL 34239, USA. Bruce-Robinson@smh.com
D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000740:Anemia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D002423:Cause of Death; D018450:Disease Progression; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000502:physiology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014943:Global Health; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D009017:Morbidity; D009735:Nursing Homes; D015995:Prevalence; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
D006454:Hemoglobins; D004921:Erythropoietin