title: Antileishmanial activity of quinovic acid glycosides and cadambine acid isolated from Nauclea diderrichii.
abstract: Nine quinovic acid glycosides and the alkaloid cadambine acid isolated from N. diderrichii, an evergreen endemic plant of West and Central Africa, were assessed for their in vitro antileishmanial activity against Leishmania infantum. Four quinovic acid glycosides and cadambine acid revealed a strong antileishmanial activity (IC (50) = 1 microM) highly specific for the intracellular amastigote form of the parasite. Quinovic acid glycosides were shown to inhibit parasite internalisation by interfering with promastigotes while cadambine acid exerted immunomodulatory activity by inducing NO production in human macrophages. The association of cadambine acid with amphotericin B demonstrated an interesting synergism, suggesting that cadambine acid could be used as a complement of such conventional therapy.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Hygiène et Zoologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Marseille, France. carole.digiorgio@pharmacie.univ-mrs.fr
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Di Giorgio
authors.forename: Marow
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lamidi
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Delmas
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Balansard
authors.forename: Evelyne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ollivier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006027:Glycosides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018314:Leishmania infantum / Q000187:drug effects*; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000188:drug therapy; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D021261:Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019666:Rubiaceae; D046948:Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D006027:Glycosides; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D046948:Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids; D014315:Triterpenes; C503144:cadambine acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C472605:quinovic acid