title: Bronchoscopic cryotherapy treatment of isolated endoluminal typical carcinoid tumor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bronchial typical carcinoid tumors are rare. The "gold standard" treatment is surgery, but there is literature to support bronchoscopic therapy with curative intent. Based on the efficacy of cryotherapy for in situ lung cancer, we studied the safety and efficacy of rigid bronchoscopic treatment with cryotherapy on isolated endoluminal typical carcinoid tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  All the patients from the Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Thoracic Oncology of St. Etienne University Hospital (France), and of Hôpital Notre Dame, University Hospital of Montreal referred with typical carcinoid were screened. Inclusion criteria included the following: proven typical carcinoid, strictly endoluminal disease amenable to bronchoscopic therapy, and no evidence of lymph node invasion. All patients had a complete removal of the tumor, and all patients received cryotherapy to the implantation base.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-nine patients were screened, and 18 were included. Mean age was 47 years, and study population included 11 women. Median follow-up was 55 months. There was a single recurrence 7 years after the initial bronchoscopic treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cryotherapy is a safe and effective adjunct to endobronchial mechanical resection of typical carcinoids. Unlike other adjuncts that have been proposed, cryotherapy is not associated with long-term complications including bronchial stenosis.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pulmonary Diseases and Thoracic Oncology, Hôpital Nord, St. Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France. lbertoletti@free.fr
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bertoletti
authors.forename: Rami
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Elleuch
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kaczmarek
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jean-François
authors.forename: Jean Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Vergnon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D001984:Bronchial Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D017679:Cryotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D004727:Endothelium / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000517:prevention & control; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed