title: Interleukin-6 and STAT3 protect the liver from hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury during ischemic preconditioning.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ischemic preconditioning has been shown to protect the liver from ischemia/reperfusion injury. We hypothesized that IL-6 directly modulates the protective effects of ischemic preconditioning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three weeks after undergoing splenic transposition, wild-type C57BL/6 and IL-6 null mice underwent 75 minutes of total hepatic ischemia with or without prior ischemic preconditioning (10 minutes of ischemia followed by 15 minutes of reperfusion). After reperfusion, serum ALT, serum IL-6, hepatic IL-6 mRNA, hepatic pSTAT3, and liver histology were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In wild-type mice, survival at 24 hours was greater in the preconditioned group compared with the non-preconditioned group (75% vs 40%, P<.05). In IL-6 null mice, however, ischemic preconditioning did not improve survival when compared with the non-preconditioned group. Preconditioning significantly reduced hepatocellular injury in wild-type mice (P<.05) when compared with IL-6 null animals. This protection was associated with significant increases in serum IL-6, hepatic IL-6 mRNA, and hepatic pSTAT3 levels (P<.05). The protective effects of ischemic preconditioning that correlated with significant increases in systemic IL-6, hepatic IL-6 mRNA abundance, and pSTAT3 levels, were not observed in IL-6 null mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The protective effects of ischemic preconditioning during total hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury are dependent on IL-6 signaling and are associated with increased phosphorylation of hepatic STAT3.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA, and Department of Surgery, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan. matsutadahiro@yahoo.co.jp
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Kerri
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: O'Malley
authors.forename: Philip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Efron
authors.forename: Colette
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Burger
authors.forename: Priscilla F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: McAuliffe
authors.forename: Philip O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Scumpia
authors.forename: Takefumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Sven K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Tschoeke
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Lyle L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Moldawer
authors.forename: Alan W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Hemming
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Foley
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D007511:Ischemia / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D000410:Alanine Transaminase