title: Hypogalactosylation of salivary and gingival fluid immunoglobulin G in patients with advanced periodontitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Altered glycosylation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) has been found to affect certain immunological activities of IgG and to correlate with increased inflammation in various disease states. This work deals with the changes in distribution and galactosylation of IgG subclasses present in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with initial and advanced periodontitis and of normal controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  IgG subclasses were quantified by dot-blot assay, and the degrees of expression of galactose in the total IgG and its individual subclasses were estimated by lectin immunoblot assay after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) separation of IgG and by capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using biotinylated Ricinus communis (RCA-I) and Bandeiraea simplicifolia (BS-II) lectins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distribution of IgG subclasses in both fluids was found to differ in periodontal patients compared to normal controls. In the periodontitis saliva and GCF, the IgG2 subclass dominated quantitatively, regardless of periodontal status. However, galactose was found to be expressed in IgG heavy chains in normal controls and patients with initial periodontitis but not, or at barely detectable levels, in advanced periodontitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the shift toward hypogalactosylated glycoforms may occur during the process of inflammation of the gingiva.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Gordana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stefanović
authors.forename: Dragana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marković
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ilić
authors.forename: Gavrilo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brajović
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Petrović
authors.forename: Nadezda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Milosević-Jovcić
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005690:Galactose / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000276:immunology*; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000378:metabolism*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D037121:Plant Lectins / Q000378:metabolism; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D012463:Saliva / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D037121:Plant Lectins; C017707:Ricinus communis agglutinin-1; D005690:Galactose