title: Leukemoid reaction in pancreatic cancer: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The presentation of pancreatic cancer with a leukemoid reaction is rare with no prior reports in the English language literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a case of advanced pancreatic cancer presenting with leukemoid reaction. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor levels were normal while interleukin-6 was elevated. The patient had no evidence of infection. The leukemoid reaction correlated with tumor response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first case report in the English literature of a leukemoid paraneoplastic syndrome in a patient with pancreatic cancer. A clear correlation between tumor response, serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels and leukemoid reaction is documented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
authors.forename: Khusroo M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.forename: Arun K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Raman
authors.forename: Dongfeng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Marwan G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Fakih
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007955:Leukemoid Reaction / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011859:Radiography