title: High-content microscopy identifies new neurite outgrowth regulators.
abstract: Neurons, with their long axons and elaborate dendritic arbour, establish the complex circuitry that is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system. Whereas a catalogue of structural, molecular, and functional differences between axons and dendrites is accumulating, the mechanisms involved in early events of neuronal differentiation, such as neurite initiation and elongation, are less well understood, mainly because the key molecules involved remain elusive. Here we describe the establishment and application of a microscopy-based approach designed to identify novel proteins involved in neurite initiation and/or elongation. We identified 21 proteins that affected neurite outgrowth when ectopically expressed in cells. Complementary time-lapse microscopy allowed us to discriminate between early and late effector proteins. Localization experiments with GFP-tagged proteins in fixed and living cells revealed a further 14 proteins that associated with neurite tips either early or late during neurite outgrowth. Coexpression experiments of the new effector proteins provide a first glimpse on a possible functional relationship of these proteins during neurite outgrowth. Altogether, we demonstrate the potential of the systematic microscope-based screening approaches described here to tackle the complex biological process of neurite outgrowth regulation.
authors.affiliation: Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory-Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. laketa@embl.de
authors.forename: Vibor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Laketa
authors.forename: Jeremy C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bechtel
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wiemann
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pepperkok
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods*; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016501:Neurites / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D011506:Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins