title: Neuropsychiatric symptoms in past users of sheep dip and other pesticides.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the prevalence and pattern of neuropsychiatric symptoms in past users of sheep dip and other pesticides.
  
  
  METHODS
  From a postal survey of men born between 1933 and 1977 and resident in three rural areas of England and Wales (response rate 31%), data were obtained on lifetime history of work with pesticides, neurological symptoms in the past month, current mental health and tendency to be troubled by non-neurological somatic symptoms (summarised as a somatising tendency score). Risk factors for current neuropsychiatric symptoms were assessed by modified Cox regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were available for 9844 men, including 1913 who had worked with sheep dip, 832 with other insecticides but not sheep dip and 990 with other pesticides but never with sheep dip or insecticides. Neurological symptoms were consistently 20-60% more common in past users of sheep dip than in men who had never worked with pesticides, but their prevalence was also higher in men who had worked only with pesticides other than sheep dip or insecticides. They clustered strongly within individuals, but this clustering was not specific to men who had worked with sheep dip. Reporting of three or more neurological symptoms was associated with somatising tendency (prevalence ratio (PR) 15.0, 95% CI 11.4 to 19.5, for the highest vs the lowest category of somatisation) and was more common in users of sheep dip (PR 1.3, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.6), other insecticides (PR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.8) and other pesticides (PR 1.3, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.7) than in non-users. Among users of sheep dip, prevalence was higher in men who had dipped most often, but not in those who had worked with sheep dip concentrate. Past use of pesticides was not associated with current anxiety or depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neurological symptoms are more common in men who have worked with sheep dip, but the association is not specific to sheep dip or insecticides. A toxic cause for the excess cannot be ruled out, but several features of our observations suggest that psychological mechanisms have a role.
authors.affiliation: MRC Epidemiology Resource Centre, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Poole
authors.forename: Keith T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peveler
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coggon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000382:Agricultural Workers' Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012423:Rural Health; D014852:Wales / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides