title: Clinical roles of increased populations of Foxp3+CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood from advanced pancreatic cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Further metastasis should be avoided in pancreatic cancer (PC) patients for effective surgical treatment. Regulatory T cells (Foxp3CD4 T cells including CD4CD25 T cells and CD4CD25 T cells) play important roles in tumor immunity. This study aimed to investigate whether regulatory T cells participate in metastasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peripheral blood was withdrawn from PC patients, as well as healthy volunteer donors as controls. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were subjected to FACScan analysis after labeling with anti-CD4, anti-CD25, and anti-Foxp3 antibodies. Tumor markers, including DUPAN2 and CA19-9, surface markers, such as the CD4/CD8 ratio, and the CD57 cell population were assessed. Clinical stages were classified according to the TNM classification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Foxp3CD4 T-cell population among the PBMCs was significantly increased in PC patients (8.10% +/- 4.65%) compared with healthy donors (2.47 +/- 0.78%) (P < 0.001). No significant relationships existed for the tumor markers, CD4/CD8 ratio, and CD57 cells. However, a significant correlation was found between Foxp3CD4 T cells among the PBMCs and the TNM stage (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Foxp3CD4 T cells are good markers for metastasis detection in PC patients and more accurate than other conventional tumor markers, especially at advanced stages of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Paracytology, Institute of Health Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokushima, Kuramoto, Tokushima, Japan. tikemoto@clin.med.tokushima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikemoto
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morine
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Imura
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Soejima
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maekawa
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasutomo
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimada
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit