title: Effect of remote preconditioning on mild or severe ischemia-reperfusion injury to rat liver.
abstract: In this study we examined the effect of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) on liver ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Anesthetized Wistar rats (200 to 250 g body weight, n = 32) had the right femoral artery (FA) dissected. Protocol I. The hepatic artery (HA) was clamped for 60 minutes; peripheral liver blood flow (PLBF) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured prior to clamping as well as 60 minutes after reperfusion. The cohorts were group 1 (no RIPC; n = 10) and group 2 (RIPC; n = 10) 35 minutes after surgery, the FA was clamped for 10 minutes. After 15 minutes, the HA was clamped as in group 1. In protocol II, a rubber band was applied around the entire vascular supply to about 70% of the liver, yielding group 3 (no RIPC; n = 6) that 60 minutes after surgery, had vascular occlusion performed for 30 minutes and group 4 (RIPC; n = 6) with the FA clamped as above, in a procedure otherwise identical to that of group 3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In protocol I, there was no significant difference in PLBF between the two groups after reperfusion, but the increased ALT levels in the RIPC group were reduced (.70 +/- .05 vs. 1.0 +/- .15 microkat/L, P = .049). In protocol II, we observed no significant differences in ALT levels or PLBF between the two groups. Thus, a beneficial effect of RIPC was demonstrated in protocol I with relative hypoxemia to the liver. However, the effect could not be demonstrated in protocol II, which induced a more severe IR injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transplantation and Liver Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. bengt.gustafsson@surgery.gu.se
authors.forename: B I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Friman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wallin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heiman
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Delbro
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D008102:Liver Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000410:Alanine Transaminase