title: Limiting factors of exercise performance 1 year after lung transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  After lung transplantation (LTx) exercise capacity frequently remains limited, despite significantly improved pulmonary function. The aim of this study was to evaluate maximal exercise capacity and peripheral muscle force before and 1 year after LTx, and to determine whether peripheral muscle force and lactate threshold (LT) limit exercise capacity 1 year after LTx.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five subjects (mean age 43 years, 8 women and 17 men, 4 single-lung transplantations) were included in the study. Measurements included maximal exercise capacity, lactate threshold (symptom-limited bicycle ergometer test) and muscle force test (hand-held dynamometer) were performed before and 1 year after LTx.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before LTx, all patients showed severe exercise intolerance (mean +/- SD): work capacity (W(peak)), 11.6 +/- 18 W; peak oxygen uptake (Vo(2)), 8.6 +/- 3.6 ml/min/kg. After LTx, exercise capacity improved significantly: W(peak), 69 +/- 27 W (p < 0.001); peak Vo(2), 15.7 +/- 4.3 ml/min/kg (p < 0.001). Ventilatory factors did not appear to limit exercise capacity. Quadriceps muscle force pre- vs post-LTx was: 248 +/- 73 N vs 281 +/- 68 N (p < 0.05). Post-LTx, a significant correlation was found between LT and exercise capacity (r = 0.76, p < 0.001), between muscle force and exercise capacity (r = 0.41, p < 0.05) and between the LT and muscle force (r = 0.53, p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The occurrence of an early and pathologic LT and peripheral muscle weakness contributes to the limitation of exercise capacity and reflects a peripheral deficit post-LTx.
authors.affiliation: Center for Rehabilitation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. g.d.reinsma@rev.umcg.nl <g.d.reinsma@rev.umcg.nl>
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Reinsma
authors.forename: N H T
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: ten Hacken
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Grevink
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: van der Bij
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Koëter
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van Weert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007773:Lactates / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000502:physiology; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053581:Muscle Strength Dynamometer; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007773:Lactates