title: A controlled study of autonomic nervous system function in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treated with stimulant medications: results of a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite the fact that autonomic nervous system (ANS) abnormalities are commonly found in adults and predict increased cardiovascular mortality, no studies have assessed ANS function in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) taking stimulants.
  
  
  METHODS
  This pilot study evaluated ANS function in adults with ADHD in comparison with an age- and gender-matched control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The authors found that 4% of the control group had some abnormalities in the ANS in comparison with 24% of the ADHD group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because the control group had higher levels of exercise fitness, and the level of abnormalities in the ADHD group was comparable with that of the general population, the significance of these findings is unknown. In addition, we did not determine if ANS abnormalities were present in individuals with ADHD who were not on stimulant medications. Further research is warranted to determine if there is any association between ADHD and stimulant use and ANS abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Providence Hospital and Medical Centers, Southfield, MI 48075, USA. howard.schubiner@stjohn.org
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schubiner
authors.forename: Bischan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hassunizadeh
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaczynski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants