title: Development of a urinary lithiasis localizer mechanism to couple ultrasound and extracorporeal lithotripsy equipment in canine model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Due to the evolution of extracorporeal lithotripsy equipment (ESWL) and presently, the fact that most part of the equipment does not present ultrasound to localize urinary calculi, a system that allows adapting ultrasound equipment to ESWL equipment was developed, disposing only of fluoroscopy. Thus, this equipment was developed and was tested in urinary stones in canine models, to check its precision in relation to fluoroscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven male dogs were utilized with the introduction, in the bladder through the ureteral route, of chalkstones, with initial localization by fluoroscopy, with a further ultrasound coincidence check localization of the vesical stones, being submitted to ESWL with a 3-hour, 21 days and 60 days follow-up after the procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Success of localization in all animals was verified presenting elimination of stones in the first micturitions, after ESWL. No complications were verified in those animals for 60 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We verified that this equipment can lead to an update of the equipment that use only fluoroscopy, increasing in this way, their technical capacity in the treatment of urinary calculi, mainly in cases of non-radiopaque stones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Paulista School of Medicine, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil. enricoandrade@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alarcon
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pompeu
authors.forename: Archimedes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nardozza
authors.forename: Joaquim A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Claro
authors.forename: Valdemar
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Srougi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*