title: Pathologic laughing and intractable hiccups can occur early in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Pathologic laughing occurs in approximately 10% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), especially when patients have entered the chronic stage. We describe four patients with MS who, at an early stage, developed pathologic laughing associated, in two cases, with intractable hiccups. In two patients, MRI showed an enhanced lesion in the medulla oblongata and the mesencephalon, two regions suspected of being involved in pathologic laughing and intractable hiccups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, CHU of Lille, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Seze
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zephir
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hautecoeur
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mackowiak
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cabaret
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vermersch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D000352:Africa, Northern / Q000208:ethnology; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006606:Hiccup / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007845:Laughter; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic