title: Modular organization of protein interaction networks.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Accumulating evidence suggests that biological systems are composed of interacting, separable, functional modules. Identifying these modules is essential to understand the organization of biological systems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this paper, we present a framework to identify modules within biological networks. In this approach, the concept of degree is extended from the single vertex to the sub-graph, and a formal definition of module in a network is used. A new agglomerative algorithm was developed to identify modules from the network by combining the new module definition with the relative edge order generated by the Girvan-Newman (G-N) algorithm. A JAVA program, MoNet, was developed to implement the algorithm. Applying MoNet to the yeast core protein interaction network from the database of interacting proteins (DIP) identified 86 simple modules with sizes larger than three proteins. The modules obtained are significantly enriched in proteins with related biological process Gene Ontology terms. A comparison between the MoNet modules and modules defined by Radicchi et al. (2004) indicates that MoNet modules show stronger co-clustering of related genes and are more robust to ties in betweenness values. Further, the MoNet output retains the adjacent relationships between modules and allows the construction of an interaction web of modules providing insight regarding the relationships between different functional modules. Thus, MoNet provides an objective approach to understand the organization and interactions of biological processes in cellular systems.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  MoNet is available upon request from the authors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science, 100 McAdams Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0974, USA. luofeng@cs.clemson.edu
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Yunfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Chin-Fu
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jizhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Richard H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Scheuermann
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003198:Computer Simulation; D008954:Models, Biological; D025941:Protein Interaction Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D012984:Software
chemical_list: D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins