title: Toward 21st century blood component replacement therapeutics: artificial oxygen carriers, platelet substitutes, recombinant clotting factors, and others.
abstract: In this brief overview, recent progress and current status of blood substitute research and development is summarized. Current blood substitute development efforts are focused on red blood cell substitutes but substitutes for platelets and other blood components are also in progress. Red cell substitutes currently in various stages of development are semi-synthetic or synthetic oxygen carriers that include "stealth" or "masked" red cells, hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers and perfluorocarbon-based oxygen carriers. Artificial platelets (or platelet substitutes) are in early stages of development and include human platelet fragments or particles of synthetic/semi-synthetic materials or recombinant human serum albumin coupled with platelet surface receptor fragments. Of note, some recombinant clotting factors (Factors VII, VIII, IX) have already been successfully developed and licensed for treatment of hemophilia. In addition, some future approaches and prospects of blood component replacement therapeutics are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Brown University Medical School and The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA. HWKim@Biopure.com
authors.forename: Hae Won
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: A Gerson
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Greenburg
mesh_terms: D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001802:Blood Substitutes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D017713:Platelet Transfusion / Q000379:methods*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D001802:Blood Substitutes; D011994:Recombinant Proteins