title: Gaseous air pollutants and hospitalization for respiratory disease in the neonatal period.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Current levels of ambient air pollution are associated with morbidity and mortality in the general population. To determine the influence of gaseous air pollutants on neonatal respiratory morbidity, we tested the association between daily respiratory hospitalizations and daily concentrations of ambient air pollution gases: ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide, in 11 large Canadian cities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Daily time-series analyses were employed and results were adjusted for day of the week, temperature, barometric pressure, and relative humidity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percent increases in hospitalization associated with an increase in air pollution equivalent to its interquartile range were 3.35 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.73-4.77] for O3, 2.85 (95% CI, 1.68-4.02) for NO2, 1.66 (95% CI, 0.63-2.69) for SO2, and 1.75 (95% CI, 0.48-3.02) for CO. The independent effect of all pollutants combined was 9.61% (95% CI, 4.52-14.7%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that neonates are experiencing adverse effects of air pollution at current levels in Canada, and that accounts for a significant proportion of hospitalizations in this subgroup.
authors.affiliation: University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. rdales@ohri.ca
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Dales
authors.forename: Sabit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cakmak
authors.forename: Marc Smith
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Doiron
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D002170:Canada; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D010126:Ozone / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide; D010126:Ozone; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide