title: Hearing loss in Turner syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To address the characteristics of hearing loss in patients with Turner syndrome (TS), we evaluated hearing levels of patients with TS and analyzed causative factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three patients with TS (8 to 40 years of age) were studied through the use of audiological measurements, and causative factors were explored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty cases (35 of 66 ears tested) showed high-frequency (8 kHz) sensory neural hearing loss (HFQ-SNHL). Fifteen cases (26 ears) and 15 cases (24 ears) of the impaired 20 cases were unresponsive to distortion-product otoacoustic emissions and transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions, respectively. HFQ-SNHL showed little relation to the history of middle ear infection and puberty, although middle ear infections were seen in 11 of the 20 cases. The hearing thresholds at high frequencies were correlated with age and body height (P < .001). The age-dependent increase in hearing thresholds in the high frequencies was more apparent in patients with TS with monosomic 45, X than in those with the mosaic type (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More than 60% of patients with TS had HFQ-SNHL. Because the increase in hearing threshold at high frequencies was shown to depend on karyotype and aging, regular otological examination is important for the determination of proper treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan. morimoto-n@ncchd.go.jp
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Hidenobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Taiji
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Horikawa
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naiki
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.forename: Nobuko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawashiro
mesh_terms: D000158:Acoustic Impedance Tests; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001300:Audiometry, Evoked Response; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D001309:Auditory Threshold; D001827:Body Height; D002648:Child; D041321:Chromosomes, Human, X; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory; D005260:Female; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006316:Hearing Loss, High-Frequency / Q000503:physiopathology; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D009006:Monosomy / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D017084:Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*