title: Formation of chlorinated estrones via hypochlorous disinfection of wastewater effluent containing estrone.
abstract: Chlorinated derivatives of estrone (E1) in the effluent of a municipal sewage treatment plant located in Shizuoka prefecture, Japan were detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry using electron impact in selected ion monitoring (GC/MS-EI-SIM) analysis. The concentrations of E1, 2-chloroestrone, 4-chloroestrone and 2,4-dichloroestrone in the effluent sample collected in December 2005 were 60.0 ng l(-1), 4.0 ng l(-1), 14.5 ng l(-1), and 9.8 ng l(-1), respectively. In the effluent sample taken in June 2005, 2,4-dichloroestrone was detected at 5.6 ng l(-1) along with 17.6 ng l(-1) of E1. However, only E1 was detected at 5.9 ng l(-1) in the sample in May 2005. To elucidate the behavior of E1 during the disinfection process with sodium hypochlorite in the sewage treatment plant, we carried out a reaction of E1 with sodium hypochlorite in buffer solutions at pH 7 and 9. As E1 was consumed rapidly, chlorinated estrones were produced and relatively fast formation of 2-chloroestrone, 4-chloroestrone, and 2,4-dichloroestrone was observed. Furthermore, 1,4-estradiene-3,17-dione derivatives were formed from the reaction between 2,4-dichloroestrone and sodium hypochlorite.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Sciences, COE Program in the 21st Century, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Ryoko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kuruto-Niwa
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Yoshiyasu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Terao
mesh_terms: D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods; D004970:Estrone / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007564:Japan; D015394:Molecular Structure; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D012722:Sewage; D004970:Estrone