title: Upper-airway inflammation in relation to dust spiked with aldehydes or glucan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Organic dust is associated with adverse effects on human airways. This study was done to investigate whether the addition of beta-(1,3)-D glucan or aldehydes to office dust causes enhanced inflammation in human airways.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six volunteers were exposed randomly to clean air, office dust, dust spiked with glucan, and dust spiked with aldehydes. The three dust exposures contained between 332 and 379 microg dust/m(3). Spiking with 1 gram of dust was done with 10 milligrams of glucan or 0.1 microliters of aldehydes. Acoustic rhinometry, rhinostereometry, nasal lavage, and lung function tests were applied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the exposures to dust spiked with the glucan and aldehydes, the nasal volume decreased (-1.33 and -1.39 cm(3) (mean), respectively) when compared with the -0.9 cm(3) after clean air or office dust (P=0.036 for a difference in decrease between exposures). After 2-3 hours the aldehyde-spiked dust caused a 0.6-mm swelling of the inferior turbinate, and glucan-spiked dust produced a 0.7-mm swelling (P=0.039 for a difference in the swelling between the four exposures). The preexposure nasal lavage cleaned off the mucosa, and lower cytokine concentrations were found after all of the exposures. For interleukin-8, this decrease in concentration was smaller after the dust exposures spiked with glucan and aldehydes (-2.9 and -25.8 pg/ml, respectively) than after office dust or clean air (-65.9 and -74.1 pg/ml, respectively) (P=0.042). The nasal eosinophil cell concentration increased after exposure to dust spiked with glucan (P=0.045).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  beta-(1,3)-D glucan and aldehydes in office dust enhance the inflammatory effects of dust on the upper airways.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, University of Aarhus, Vennelyst Boulevard 6, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jakob H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Bønløkke
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stridh
authors.forename: Torben
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sigsgaard
authors.forename: Søren K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kjaergaard
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Löfstedt
authors.forename: Kjell
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Eva C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Bonefeld-Jørgensen
authors.forename: Magdalena N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Jayatissa
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bodin
authors.forename: Jan-Erik
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Juto
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mølhave
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000447:Aldehydes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003718:Denmark; D004391:Dust / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005936:Glucans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology*; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D004391:Dust; D005936:Glucans