title: Cancers of new appearance in liver transplant recipients: incidence and evolution.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the incidence, time of appearance, treatment, and evolution of tumors appearing in liver transplant recipients at our hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  We undertook a retrospective analysis of our series of liver transplants between 1990 and 2005. Patients who died during the immediate postoperative period were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 515 patients, 25 died during the immediate postoperative period and therefore had no occasion to develop neoplasms. Of the remaining 490, 32 developed cancers (6.5%). The average age was 55.4 +/- 7.17 years. The reasons for transplant were alcoholic cirrhosis (n = 15), hepatitis C virus (2), hepatitis B virus (n = 1), alcoholic and viral cirrhosis (n = 7), primary biliary cirrhosis (n = 1), and cryptogenic cirrhosis (n = 1). Four patients developed multiple neoplasms. Most of the tumors were cutaneous: nine basal cell and six squamous cell carcinomas. Other locations were the lung, urothelium, stomach, thyroid, and brain. Eight patients presented metastasis at the time of diagnosis. The average tumor-free period was 3.36 years. Nine patients died as a result of the tumor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with a liver transplant have a high risk of developing cancers as a result of the immunosuppression treatment, which is lifelong. Nevertheless, other factors can be involved, such as infection by cytomegalovirus or the original diagnosis leading to transplantation. The risk for developing cancers is significantly greater than in the general population, with a higher tendency to recurrence and later development of second neoplasms.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestiva, Unidad de Cirugía Hepatobiliopancreática y Trasplantes, HHUU Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Romero-Vargas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Flores-Cortés
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Valera
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gómez-Bravo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barrera-Pulido
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pareja-Ciuró
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Serrano Díez-Canedo
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bernardos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000601:surgery; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D016019:Survival Analysis