title: [Methylation pattern of DNA repair genes and microsatellite instability in hepatocelluar carcinoma].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Epigenetic silencing of DNA repair genes, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), hMLH1 and hMSH3, by promoter hypermethylation have been observed in various cancers. However, the relationship between hypermethylation of DNA mismatch repair genes and microsatellite instability (MSI) has not been studied in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with cirrhosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the methylation pattern of CpG islands of 3 genes using methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and MSI in 40 patients with paired hepatocellular carcinoma and associated cirrhosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  hMSH3 and MGMT were the most methylated genes in both cirrhosis (70% and 68%, respectively) and HCC (75% and 73%, respectively). The methylation of hMLH1 was rarely found in both cirrhosis (8%) and HCC (5%). Gene promoters methylated in cirrhosis were also methylated in HCC with the exception of 9 cases found to be methylated either in cirrhosis or HCC. Of 40 cases of HCC associated with cirrhosis, three had MSI-positive phenotype in which two were MSI-low and one was MSI-high. One MSI-positive phenotype was present both in cirrhosis and in HCC, while two were only in HCC. There was no significant correlation between aberrant DNA methylation of mismatch repair genes and MSI status in HCC associated with cirrhosis. Immunohistochemical expressions of hMLH1, MGMT, and hMSH3 proteins were present in 16 (40%), 6 (15%), and 11 (28%) of 40 cases of HCC respectively. There was no significant correlaton between the aberrant DNA methylation of mismatch repair genes and clinical characteristics such as histological differentiation, postoperative recurrence and mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The methylation of MGMT and hMSH3 among DNA repair genes are frequent, but those of hMLH1 and MSI is very rare in both cirrhosis and HCC. There is no significant correlation between the methylation of DNA repair genes and clinical characteristics of HCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-Gu, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sung Bum
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Wan Sik
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chang Hwan
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Young Eun
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.forename: Hyen Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sung Kyu
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jong Sun
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rew
authors.forename: Jae Hyek
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sei Jong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases / Q000235:genetics; D004260:DNA Repair; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D053842:Microsatellite Instability; D008875:Middle Aged; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D000074081:MutS Homolog 3 Protein; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C501486:MLH1 protein, human; C078444:MSH3 protein, human; D000074081:MutS Homolog 3 Protein; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases; C515491:MGMT protein, human; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes