title: Stage of primary infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus determines predisposition or resistance of mice to secondary bacterial infections.
abstract: We investigated the effect of a primary non-lethal infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) on the course and outcome of a secondary infection with the Gram-negative Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium or the Gram-positive Listeria monocytogenes in mice. We found that at each stage of the viral infection the susceptibility of mice to bacterial super-infections changes dramatically and depends also on whether the secondary infection is a Gram-positive or Gram-negative one. The study shows that the outcome of the secondary infection is determined by a delicate balance between the overproduction of and the hypersensitivity to inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma), as well as by the changes in blood leukocytes occurring in mice in the course of viral infection.
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Immunbiologie, Stübeweg 51, 79 108 Freiburg/Br, Germany.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gumenscheimer
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balkow
authors.forename: Markus M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jirillo
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Galanos
authors.forename: Marina A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Freudenberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D008088:Listeriosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D008099:Liver / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D008216:Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D008217:Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D015163:Superinfection / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma