title: Limited effectiveness of antiviral treatment for hepatitis C in an urban HIV clinic.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate predictors and trends of referral for hepatitis C virus (HCV) care, clinic attendance and treatment in an urban HIV clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort analysis in which 845 of 1318 co-infected adults who attended the Johns Hopkins HIV clinic between 1998 and 2003 after an on-site viral hepatitis clinic was opened, attended regularly (>/= 1 visit/year for >/= 2 years). Logistic regression was used to examine predictors of referral.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 277 (33%) of 845 were referred for HCV care. Independent predictors of referral included percentage elevated alanine aminotransferase levels [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for 10% increase,1.16; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10-1.22] and CD4 cell count > 350 cells/microl (AOR, 3.20; 95% CI, 2.10-4.90), while injection drug use was a barrier to referral (AOR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.11-0.64). Overall referral rate increased from < 1% in 1998 to 28% in 2003; however, even in 2003, 65% of those with CD4 cell count > 200 cells/microl were not referred. One hundred and eighty-five (67%) of 277 referred kept their appointment, of whom 32% failed to complete a pre-treatment evaluation. Of the remaining 125, only 69 (55%) were medically eligible for treatment, and 29 (42%) underwent HCV treatment. Ninety percent of 29 were infected with genotype 1 and 70% were African American; six (21%) achieved sustained virologic response (SVR). Only 0.7% of the full cohort achieved SVR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the potential for SVR and the recent marked increase in access to HCV care are encouraging, overall effectiveness of anti-HCV treatment in this urban, chiefly African American, HCV genotype 1 HIV clinic is extremely low. New therapies and treatment strategies are an urgent medical need.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA.
authors.forename: Shruti H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: Gregory M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: Lisa B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Mirel
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torbenson
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Sulkowski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014504:Urban Health
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D012367:RNA, Viral; D000410:Alanine Transaminase