title: Occult neurovesical dysfunction with anorectal malformations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate for the occurrence of occult NVD in children with anorectal malformations (ARM) using urodynamic evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study was carried out on children with ARM prior to and following definitive procedure. Urodynamic studies were performed on the Phoenix Griffon machine (Albyn Medical) using Phoenix plus software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen children in the age range of 3 months to 156 months (mean = 19.2) were included in this study. Among these 19 children 13 underwent re-evaluation after definitive surgery for ARM. There were 11(57.9%) males and 8(42.1%) females. Of the 19 children 14 (73.7%) were cases of high anorectal malformation (HARM) and 5 (26.3%) were cases of low anorectal malformation (LARM). Baseline evaluation done in 19 children revealed seven urodynamic patterns: Normal capacity, compliant without uninhibited contractions (UIC) (21.1%); Normal capacity, compliant with UIC (5.3%); Normal capacity, poorly compliant without UIC (5.3%); Normal capacity, poorly compliant with UIC (10.5%); small capacity, compliant with UIC (5.3%); Small capacity, poorly compliant with UIC (26.3%) and large capacity, complaint with UIC (26.3%). Thirteen patients were evaluated post operatively also and in only 23% (3 of 13) no change in urodynamic pattern were observed. In the remaining 76.9% (10 of 13) some changes in urodynamics pattern were observed. The deleterious changes observed were appearance of UIC in 30.8% (4 of 13), decrease in the bladder capacity in 23% (3 of 13) and decrease in bladder compliance in 15.4% (2 of 13).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Only 9 of of the 19 patients had normal urodynamics pre-operatively and post-operatively 3 more patients worsened. Incidence of occult NVD is high in patients with ARM even in the absence of clinical and radiological evidence of vertebral or lower urinary tract abnormalities. Though there seems to be a high incidence of changes in the neurovesical functions of these patients following definitive corrective surgery for ARM only time will show whether this has any deleterious effect on the upper tracts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Arun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agarwala
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Mitra
mesh_terms: D001003:Anal Canal / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D001006:Anus, Imperforate / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004065:Digestive System Abnormalities / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012007:Rectum / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D014563:Urodynamics