title: How to deal with multiple endpoints in clinical trials.
abstract: Multiple endpoints are common in clinical trials. This article discusses statistical methods that can be applied to control the rate of false positive conclusions at an acceptable level. The considered methods include the Bonferroni adjustment and related methods, the intersection-union test, ordered hypotheses and gatekeeper procedures, composite endpoints and global assessment measures, closed testing procedures, and combinations of different approaches.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics and Technique, RheinAhrCampus Remagen, Koblenz University of Applied Science, Südallee 2, 53424 Remagen, Germany. neuhaeuser@rheinahrcampus.de
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neuhäuser
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D023381:Endpoint Determination / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015233:Models, Statistical; D012107:Research Design