title: Attempted establishment of proficiency levels for laparoscopic performance on a national scale using simulation: the results from the 2004 SAGES Minimally Invasive Surgical Trainer-Virtual Reality (MIST-VR) learning center study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Minimally Invasive Surgical Trainer-Virtual Reality (MIST-VR) has been well validated as a training device for laparoscopic skills. It has been demonstrated that training to a level of proficiency on the simulator significantly improves operating room performance of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The purpose of this project was to obtain a national standard of proficiency using the MIST-VR based on the performance of experienced laparoscopic surgeons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgeons attending the Society of American Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) 2004 Annual Scientific Meeting who had performed more than 100 laparoscopic procedures volunteered to participate. All the subjects completed a demographic questionnaire assessing laparoscopic and MIST-VR experience in the learning center of the SAGES 2004 meeting. Each subject performed two consecutive trials of the MIST-VR Core Skills 1 program at the medium setting. Each trial involved six basic tasks of increasing difficulty: acquire place (AP), transfer place (TP), traversal (TV), withdrawal insert (WI), diathermy task (DT), and manipulate diathermy (MD). Trial 1 was considered a "warm-up," and trial 2 functioned as the test trial proper. Subject performance was scored for time, errors, and economy of instrument movement for each task, and a cumulative total score was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Trial 2 data are expressed as mean time in seconds in Table 2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proficiency levels for laparoscopic skills have now been established on a national scale by experienced laparoscopic surgeons using the MIST-VR simulator. Residency programs, training centers, and practicing surgeons can now use these data as guidelines for performance criterion during MIST-VR skills training.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Van Sickle
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Ritter
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: McClusky
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lederman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baghai
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004521:Educational Measurement; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000193:education*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014584:User-Computer Interface