title: Using NANDA, NIC, and NOC (NNN) language for clinical reasoning with the Outcome-Present State-Test (OPT) model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the degree to which standardized nursing language was used by baccalaureate nursing students completing Outcome-Present State-Test (OPT) model worksheets in a clinical practicum. METHODS. A scoring instrument was developed and 100 worksheets were retrospectively analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NANDA nursing diagnoses were correctly stated in 92% of the OPT models. Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) outcomes were explicitly stated in 22%, and implied in 72%. Interventions matched appropriate Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) activities in 61%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NANDA, NIC, and NOC (NNN) language was used inconsistently by students in this sample.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If NNN language is to advance nursing knowledge, its promotion, representation in curriculum development, and active use is necessary. Educational research is needed on the facilitators and barriers to NNN language use.
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina, Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA. ddkautz@uncg.edu
authors.forename: Donald D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Kautz
authors.forename: Ruthanne
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kuiper
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Pesut
authors.forename: Randy L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003479:Curriculum; D004282:Documentation; D004508:Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D019359:Knowledge; D008128:Logic; D008297:Male; D016294:Models, Nursing; D009733:Nursing Diagnosis / Q000145:classification / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015402:Nursing Education Research; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D009736:Nursing Process / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010347:Patient Care Planning / Q000458:organization & administration; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015144:Southeastern United States; D013338:Students, Nursing / Q000523:psychology; D013850:Thinking; D018875:Vocabulary, Controlled