title: Comparison between prospective and retrospective triggering for mouse cardiac MRI.
abstract: High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has evolved into one of the major non-invasive tools to study the healthy and diseased mouse heart. This study presents a Cartesian CINE MRI protocol based on a fast low-angle shot sequence with a navigator echo to generate cardiac triggering and respiratory gating signals retrospectively, making the use of ECG leads and respiratory motion sensors obsolete. MRI of the in vivo mouse heart using this sequence resulted in CINE images with no detectable cardiac and respiratory motion artefacts. The retrospective method allows for steady-state imaging of the mouse heart, which is essential for quantitative contrast-enhanced MRI studies. A comparison was made between prospective and retrospective methods in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio and the contrast-to-noise ratio between blood and myocardial wall, as well as global cardiac functional indices: end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, stroke volume and ejection fraction. The retrospective method resulted in almost constant left-ventricle wall signal intensity throughout the cardiac cycle, at the expense of a decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio and the contrast-to-noise ratio between blood and myocardial wall as compared with the prospective method. Prospective and retrospective sequences yielded comparable global cardiac functional indices. The largest mean relative difference found was 8% for the end-systolic volume.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. e.heijman@tue.nl
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Heijman
authors.forename: Wolter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: de Graaf
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Niessen
authors.forename: Arno
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nauerth
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van Eys
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: de Graaf
authors.forename: Klaas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nicolay
authors.forename: Gustav J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Strijkers
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D016477:Artifacts; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006321:Heart / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity