title: Pulmonary complications following adult liver transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pulmonary complications frequently occur after liver transplantation, but the risk factors associated with them have not been fully determined. We therefore sought to identify risk factors for pulmonary complications among adult liver transplant recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 128 consecutive adult patients who underwent 131 liver transplantations during 2001. We evaluated the incidence, time of onset, and outcome of radiographically determined pulmonary complications, as well as the factors predictive of infectious complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postoperative chest roentgenograms detected 68 cases of pulmonary complications, including pleural effusion (n = 50), atelectasis (n = 6), pneumonia (n = 6), pulmonary edema (n = 5), and acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with pneumonia (n = 1). Of the seven patients with pneumonia, five died. On univariate analysis the risk factors predictive for pneumonia were high serum creatinine and total bilirubin, hemodialysis at the time of occurrence, and history of acute rejection and on multivariate analysis increased total bilirubin and history of acute rejection. Pulmonary complications were dependent on the medical condition at the time of occurrence rather than on the preoperative condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the incidence of pneumonia in liver recipients was relatively low, the mortality rate in patients who developed this complication was high. High-risk patients undergoing liver transplantation thus require early diagnosis and intensive treatment to diminish the morbidity and mortality associated with pulmonary complications.
authors.affiliation: Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: T Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Ha
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000453:epidemiology; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000453:epidemiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine; D001663:Bilirubin