title: Enhancing the quality of life of dementia caregivers from different ethnic or racial groups: a randomized, controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Caring for a family member with dementia is extremely stressful, contributes to psychiatric and physical illness among caregivers, and increases the risk for caregiver death. Finding better ways to support family caregivers is a major public health challenge.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test the effects of a structured multicomponent intervention on quality of life and clinical depression in caregivers and on rates of institutional placement of care recipients in 3 diverse racial or ethnic groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  In-home caregivers in 5 U.S. cities.
  
  
  METHODS
  212 Hispanic or Latino, 219 white or Caucasian, and 211 black or African-American caregivers and their care recipients with Alzheimer disease or related disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Caregivers within each racial or ethnic group were randomly assigned to an intervention or to a control group. The intervention addressed caregiver depression, burden, self-care, and social support and care recipient problem behaviors through 12 in-home and telephone sessions over 6 months. Caregivers in the control group received 2 brief "check-in" telephone calls during the 6-month intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcome was a quality-of-life indicator comprising measures of 6-month caregiver depression, burden, self-care, and social support and care recipient problem behaviors. Secondary outcomes were caregiver clinical depression and institutional placement of the care recipient at 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hispanic or Latino and white or Caucasian caregivers in the intervention group experienced significantly greater improvement in quality of life than those in the control group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.037, respectively). Black or African-American spouse caregivers also improved significantly more (P = 0.003). Prevalence of clinical depression was lower among caregivers in the intervention group (12.6% vs. 22.7%; P = 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in institutionalization at 6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study used only a single 6-month follow-up assessment, combined heterogeneous cultures and ethnicities into a single group, and excluded some ethnic groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A structured multicomponent intervention adapted to individual risk profiles can increase the quality of life of ethnically diverse dementia caregivers. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00177489.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
authors.forename: Steven H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Belle
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Burgio
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coon
authors.forename: Sara J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Czaja
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gallagher-Thompson
authors.forename: Laura N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Gitlin
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klinger
authors.forename: Kathy Mann
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Koepke
authors.forename: Chin Chin
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martindale-Adams
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: Sidney
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stahl
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Laraine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003704:Dementia / Q000451:nursing*; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007326:Institutionalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012648:Self Care / Q000523:psychology; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014481:United States