Levels of evidence supporting dysphagia interventions: where are we going?
This article describes and compares methodologies for collecting data on the outcomes and efficacy of dysphagia treatments. Several examples are included that distinguish these various types of studies. Study designs that are unique to dysphagia such as assessing the immediate effectiveness of treatment strategies of the instrumental study are described.
Logemann
Jeri A
JA
Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D003704:Dementia / Q000150:complications; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012107:Research Design / Q000592:standards*; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications; D016896:Treatment Outcome