title: Imino sugars are potent agonists of the human glucose sensor SGLT3.
abstract: Imino sugars are used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus [miglitol (Glyset)] and lysosomal storage disorders [miglustat (Zavesca)] based on the inhibition of alpha-glucosidases and glucosyltransferases. In this substrate specificity study, we examined the interactions of imino sugars with a novel human glucose sensor, sodium/glucose cotransporter type 3 (hSGLT3), using expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes and electrophysiology. The results for hSGLT3 are compared with those for alpha-glucosidases and human SGLT type 1 (hSGLT1), a well characterized sodium/glucose cotransporter of the SGLT family. In general, substrates have lower apparent affinities (K0.5) for hSGLT3 than hSGLT1 (D-glucose, alpha-methyl-D-glucose, 1-deoxy-D-glucose, and 4-deoxy-4-fluoro-D-glucose exhibit K0.5 values of 19, 21, 43, and 17 mM, respectively, for hSGLT3, and 0.5, 0.7, 10, and 0.07 mM, respectively, for hSGLT1). However, specificity of hSGLT3 binding is greater (D-galactose and 4-deoxy-4-fluoro-D-galactose are not hSGLT3 substrates, but have hSGLT1 K0.5 values of 0.6 and 1.3 mM). An important deviation from this trend is potent hSGLT3 activation by the imino sugars 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), N-hydroxylethyl-1-deoxynojirimycin (miglitol), N-butyl-1-deoxynojirimycin (miglustat), N-ethyl-1-deoxynojirimycin, and 1-deoxynojirimycin-1-sulfonic acid, with K0.5 values of 0.5 to 9 microM. The diastereomer 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin activates hSGT3 with a K0.5 value of 11 mM, a 3000-fold less potent interaction than is observed for DNJ (4 microM). These imino sugar binding characteristics are similar to those for alpha-glucosidases, but there are no interactions with hSGLT1. This work provides insights into hSGLT3 and -1 substrate binding interactions, establishes a pharmacological profile to study endogenous hSGLT3, and may have important ramifications for the clinical application of imino sugars.
authors.affiliation: David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Department of Physiology, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, 53-263 Center for Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1751, USA. avoss@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Andrew A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Voss
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Díez-Sampedro
authors.forename: Bruce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Hirayama
authors.forename: Donald D F
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Loo
authors.forename: Ernest M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods; D004594:Electrophysiology; D006801:Humans; D050111:Imino Sugars / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009865:Oocytes; D011485:Protein Binding; D051247:Sodium-Glucose Transport Proteins / Q000819:agonists* / Q000235:genetics; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014162:Transfection; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D050111:Imino Sugars; C490298:SLC5A4 protein, human; D051247:Sodium-Glucose Transport Proteins