title: Phenotypic variation among brothers with the McLeod neuroacanthocytosis syndrome.
abstract: McLeod syndrome is an X-linked multisystem disorder affecting red blood cells, the peripheral and central nervous systems, and skeletal and cardiac muscle. No clear correlations of the clinical findings with the genotype of XK mutations have yet been uncovered. Here, we report the clinical features and progression in 10 affected brothers from 4 families with McLeod syndrome. There is significant variation in clinical presentation within families, including in causes of morbidity and mortality. This phenotypic variation, despite shared mutations, suggests the action of disease-modifying factors that may explain some of the difficulties with genotype-phenotype correlation in McLeod syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, New York 10468, USA. ruth.walker@mssm.edu
authors.forename: Ruth H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Hans H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tison
authors.forename: Soohee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Danek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D026921:Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral / Q000235:genetics*; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D002819:Chorea / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D041321:Chromosomes, Human, X / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000503:physiopathology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D010641:Phenotype; D035781:Siblings; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: D026921:Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; C087883:XK protein, human