title: Podocalyxin-like protein 1 expression is useful to differentiate pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas from adenocarcinomas of the biliary and gastrointestinal tracts.
abstract: Metastases of adenocarcinomas from the pancreas, liver, and gastrointestinal tract are difficult to distinguish from each other because of their similar morphological and immunohistochemical features. So far, no specific marker for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas has been described. Podocalyxin-like protein 1 (PODXL-1) is expressed on vascular endothelium, hematopoietic precursor cells, and renal podocytes. We found that 44% (71/160) of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas expressed PODXL-1 in a membranous pattern. There was no expression in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (0/18, P < .001), rarely in adenocarcinomas of the extrahepatic bile ducts (1/13, P = .009), and none in duodenal adenocarcinomas (0/5, P = .070). PODXL-1 expression was seen in only 9% of hepatocellular carcinomas (5/56, P < .001), 9% (4/47, P < .001) of gastric carcinomas, 10% of esophageal adenocarcinomas (2/20, P = .003), and 6% of colonic adenocarcinomas (1/17, P = .001). When used as a differential diagnostic marker, ampullary carcinoma needs to be excluded, as 30% (6/20, P = .24) of ampullary carcinomas stain positive, especially those of the signet-ring type (3/3). Adenocarcinomas of the lung and prostate, and liver metastases of colorectal carcinomas lacked PODXL-1 expression. It is concluded that immunoreactivity for PODXL-1 favors a pancreatic origin if ampullary carcinoma is excluded.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Jasmin Teresa
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Ney
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Bence
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sipos
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Büttner
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Klöppel
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gütgemann
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary*; D001661:Biliary Tract Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary*; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; C001643:podocalyxin