title: Epigenetic mechanisms governing seed development in plants.
abstract: Seed development in flowering plants is initiated by the fusion of two male gametes with two female gametes--the egg cell and the central cell--which leads to the formation of an embryo and an endosperm, respectively. Fertilization-independent seed formation is actively repressed by the FERTILIZATION-INDEPENDENT SEED (FIS) Polycomb group (PcG) proteins, an evolutionarily conserved class of proteins that ensures the stable transmission of developmental decisions. The FIS proteins act together in a complex and modify their target genes by applying repressive methylation on histone H3 lysine 27. In addition to its function before fertilization, the FIS complex restricts endosperm proliferation. This function is likely to be achieved by imprinting the maternal alleles of FIS target genes. However, imprinting in the endosperm is controlled not only by the FIS complex but also by DNA methylation, and the interconnections between these two processes are now being investigated.
authors.affiliation: ETH Zürich, Institute of Plant Sciences and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, Universitätsstrasse 2, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland. koehlerc@ethz.ch
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Köhler
authors.forename: Grigory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Makarevich
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D018392:Genomic Imprinting; D026161:MADS Domain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008957:Models, Genetic; D012639:Seeds / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D026161:MADS Domain Proteins; C111712:MEA protein, Arabidopsis; C475745:PHERES1 protein, Arabidopsis