title: Contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging of right ventricular infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the role of late enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (LE-CMR) for the diagnosis of right ventricular infarction (RVI).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Right ventricular infarction occurs in about one-half of patients with inferior myocardial infarction (MI). It is associated with an unfavorable prognosis, but established methods often lack the diagnostic accuracy to detect it. Late enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging accurately detects left ventricular MI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven patients with acute inferior MI were included. To test for RVI, they prospectively underwent a physical examination, an electrocardiogram (ECG) for ST-segment elevation in the V4r right precordial lead, and an echocardiogram. After coronary reperfusion, LE-CMR was performed for assessing presence and extent of late enhancement in the right ventricular (RV) wall. The LE-CMR data were compared with the other results; interobserver variability was assessed. The LE-CMR was repeated after 13 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Late enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging detected RVI in 21 of 37 (57%) patients with acute inferior MI. Interobserver variability was very good (kappa 0.83); physical exam was positive for RVI in 7 of 37 (19%) patients, V4r ECG in 13 of 37 (35%) patients, and echocardiogram in 6 of 37 (16%) patients. The LE-CMR findings for RVI showed only mild agreement with findings for RVI on physical exam (kappa 0.30), V(4)r ECG (kappa 0.38), and echocardiography (kappa 0.32). Irreversible injury of the RV persisted at 13 months (kappa 0.85).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with acute inferior MI, RVI is more frequently detected by LE-CMR than by current standard diagnostic techniques. Further CMR studies might allow for analyzing its clinical and prognostic relevance.
authors.affiliation: Stephenson CMR Centre at the Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abdel-Aty
authors.forename: Ilka
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kriedemann
authors.forename: Jeanette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schulz-Menger
authors.forename: C Michael
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dietz
authors.forename: Matthias G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Friedrich
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003287:Contrast Media; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D004452:Echocardiography; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015588:Observer Variation; D010808:Physical Examination; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media