Low serum carotenoids and development of severe walking disability among older women living in the community: the women's health and aging study I.
OBJECTIVE
to determine whether low serum carotenoid levels, an indicator of low intake of fruits and vegetables, are associated with the progression of disability in older women.


METHODS
longitudinal analysis in a population-based cohort.


METHODS
moderately-severely disabled women, >or=65 years, living in the community in Baltimore, Maryland (the Women's Health and Aging Study I).


METHODS
554 women without severe walking disability (inability to walk or walking speed <0.4 m/s) at baseline.


METHODS
incidence of severe walking disability assessed every 6 months over 3 years.


RESULTS
155 women (27.9%) developed severe walking disability during follow-up. Rates of development of severe walking disability per 100 person-years among women in the lowest and in the three upper quartiles of total carotenoids were, respectively, 13.8 versus 10.9 (P=0.0017). Adjusting for confounders, women in the lowest quartile of total carotenoids were more likely to develop severe walking disability (hazards ratio 1.57, 95% confidence interval 1.24-2.00, P=0.0002) compared with women in the three upper quartiles.


CONCLUSIONS
low serum carotenoid levels, an indicator of low intake of fruits and vegetables, are independent predictors of the progression towards severe walking disability among older women living in the community.
Semba
Richard D
RD
The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA. rdsemba@jhmi.edu
Varadhan
Ravi
R
Bartali
Benedetta
B
Ferrucci
Luigi
L
Ricks
Michelle O
MO
Blaum
Caroline
C
Fried
Linda P
LP
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D015142:Baltimore; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D014675:Vegetables; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology; D016387:Women's Health
D002338:Carotenoids