title: Coupling Toll-like receptor signaling with phagocytosis: potentiation of antigen presentation.
abstract: Much attention has focused on the role of co-stimulation in dictating tolerance versus immunity to internalized antigens, with the assumption that the presentation of antigen-derived peptides by MHC molecules occurs constitutively. Here, I highlight our new appreciation for the regulated presentation of phagocytosed antigens by MHC class II molecules as a direct result of controlling phagosome maturation by Toll-like receptors. I discuss how the mode of antigen delivery into dendritic cells coupled with the right type of signal transduction pathway can impact greatly not only the co-stimulatory context in which the antigen is presented to naive T cells (signal 2) but MHC-II presentation of the antigen and formation of the T-cell receptor ligand (signal 1) itself.
authors.affiliation: Center for Immunobiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NY 10029, USA. julie.blander@mssm.edu
authors.forename: J Magarian
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Blander
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation / Q000276:immunology*; D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018448:Models, Immunological; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000276:immunology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors