title: Real-time functional MRI: development and emerging applications.
abstract: Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an emerging technique for assessing the dynamic and robust changes in brain activation during an ongoing experiment. Real-time fMRI allows measurement of several processes within the brain as they occur. The extracted information can be used to monitor the quality of acquired data sets, serve as the basis for neurofeedback training, and manipulate scans for interactive paradigm designs. Although more work is needed, recent results have demonstrated a variety of potential applications for real-time fMRI for research and clinical use. We discuss these developments and focus on methods enabling real-time analysis of fMRI data sets, novel research applications arising from these approaches, and potential use of real-time fMRI in clinical settings.
authors.affiliation: Grid Technology Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan. baggy@ni.aist.go.jp
authors.forename: Epifanio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bagarinao
authors.forename: Toshiharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D005246:Feedback; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008328:Man-Machine Systems