title: Teaching insect retinal physiology with newly designed, inexpensive micromanipulators.
abstract: In this article, we detail how to produce two inexpensive micromanipulators that offer high precision (approximately 25 microm) along a single axis of movement. The more expensive of the designs provides improved versatility along multiple axes. Both manipulators offer substantial savings over commercially available micromanipulators with comparable capabilities. Plans and instructions are given such that a novice can produce the manipulators with simple tools. The manipulators are designed to serve undergraduate teaching exercises in physiology. An electroretinogram exercise is suggested in adult house flies (Musca) or flesh flies (Neobellieria). Measuring the intensity-response function and temporal characteristics of visual transduction are discussed. A brief introduction to the field of visual transduction and the physiology of the laboratory exercises is provided as well.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA. jkrans@mtholyoke.edu
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krans
authors.forename: Cole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hoy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D004175:Diptera / Q000502:physiology*; D004596:Electroretinography; D004772:Entomology / Q000193:education*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008846:Micromanipulation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010827:Physiology / Q000193:education*; D012160:Retina / Q000502:physiology*; D013663:Teaching / Q000592:standards; D013664:Teaching Materials / Q000191:economics