title: Enhancement effect study of some organic acids on the calcium availability of vegetables: application of the dynamic in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion method with continuous-flow dialysis.
abstract: The effect of added organic acids on the calcium availability of vegetables was investigated using the dialysis profiles obtained from an in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion with continuous-flow dialysis method. Citric acid was the most effective enhancer followed by tartaric, malic, and ascorbic acids. For amaranth, which has a low calcium availability (5.4%), a significant increase of availability was observed with increasing concentrations of all acids studied. With the continuous-flow dialysis approach, organic acids could be observed to promote the dialyzability even at an elevated intestinal pH. An enhancement effect from added organic acids was not clearly observed for Chinese kale, which itself contains a high amount of available calcium (52.9%).
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
authors.forename: Juwadee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shiowatana
authors.forename: Sopon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Purawatt
authors.forename: Upsorn
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sottimai
authors.forename: Sutthinun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taebunpakul
authors.forename: Atitaya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siripinyanond
mesh_terms: D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D003956:Dialysis / Q000379:methods; D004063:Digestion; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*; D008293:Malates / Q000494:pharmacology; D009753:Nutritive Value; D013644:Tartrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D008293:Malates; D013644:Tartrates; D019343:Citric Acid; C030298:malic acid; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D002118:Calcium; C029768:tartaric acid