title: Comparison of the rapid pro-apoptotic effect of trans-beta-nitrostyrenes with delayed apoptosis induced by the standard agent 5-fluorouracil in colon cancer cells.
abstract: Trans-beta-nitrostyrene (TBNS) has been reported to be a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatases PTB1 and PP2A and to display a pro-apoptotic effect even in multidrug resistant tumour cells. Here we compared the anti-tumour potential of TBNS with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as the standard chemotherapeutic agent for colorectal cancer in LoVo cells. Resistance to 5-FU based therapy might be a consequence of 5-FU's delayed effect requiring long-term effective concentrations in the tumour tissue. Thus, alternatives like platin containing drugs with a more rapid effect have been introduced recently. Compared to 5-FU TBNS displayed a faster cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effect. A 50% decrease in viability was observed already after 8 h with TBNS while 5-FU displayed no significant effect before 48 h. DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 assays confirmed the more rapid apoptotic effect of TBNS. Since apoptosis affects individual cells these results about a rapidly induced apoptosis were further studied on a single cell level in microscopic assays of caspase-3 and caspase-8 activation. Adducts of trans-beta-nitrostyrene displayed an anti-tumour effect comparable to TBNS which suggests the possibility of creating adducts with optimised tissue targeting. Finally, the calculation of a drug combination index displayed a synergistic effect for the combination of TBNS and 5-FU in Lovo as well as in HT-29 and HCT116 colon cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, D-37075, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Jens Martin
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eger
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jürgen Steinfelder
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D013343:Styrenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D013343:Styrenes; C011955:beta-nitrostyrene; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D005472:Fluorouracil