Evolutionary history of Salmonella typhi.
For microbial pathogens, phylogeographic differentiation seems to be relatively common. However, the neutral population structure of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi reflects the continued existence of ubiquitous haplotypes over millennia. In contrast, clinical use of fluoroquinolones has yielded at least 15 independent gyrA mutations within a decade and stimulated clonal expansion of haplotype H58 in Asia and Africa. Yet, antibiotic-sensitive strains and haplotypes other than H58 still persist despite selection for antibiotic resistance. Neutral evolution in Typhi appears to reflect the asymptomatic carrier state, and adaptive evolution depends on the rapid transmission of phenotypic changes through acute infections.
Roumagnac
Philippe
P
Max-Planck-Institut für Infektionsbiologie, Department of Molecular Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
Weill
François-Xavier
FX
Dolecek
Christiane
C
Baker
Stephen
S
Brisse
Sylvain
S
Chinh
Nguyen Tran
NT
Le
Thi Anh Hong
TA
Acosta
Camilo J
CJ
Farrar
Jeremy
J
Dougan
Gordon
G
Achtman
Mark
M
D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000349:Africa; D000483:Alleles; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001208:Asia; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002353:Carrier State / Q000382:microbiology*; D027081:DNA Gyrase / Q000235:genetics; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D027081:DNA Gyrase