title: Helix-loop-helix protein p8, a transcriptional regulator required for cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cardiac fibroblast matrix metalloprotease induction.
abstract: Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and extracellular matrix remodeling, primarily mediated by inflammatory cytokine-stimulated cardiac fibroblasts, are critical cellular events in cardiac pathology. The molecular components governing these processes remain nebulous, and few genes have been linked to both hypertrophy and matrix remodeling. Here we show that p8, a small stress-inducible basic helix-loop-helix protein, is required for endothelin- and alpha-adrenergic agonist-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and for tumor necrosis factor-stimulated induction, in cardiac fibroblasts, of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) 9 and 13-MMPs linked to general inflammation and to adverse ventricular remodeling in heart failure. In a stimulus-dependent manner, p8 associates with chromatin containing c-Jun and with the cardiomyocyte atrial natriuretic factor (anf) promoter and the cardiac fibroblast mmp9 and mmp13 promoters, established activator protein 1 effectors. p8 is also induced strongly in the failing human heart by a process reversed upon therapeutic intervention. Our results identify an unexpectedly broad involvement for p8 in key cellular events linked to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cardiac fibroblast MMP production, both of which occur in heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts-New England Medical Center, 750 Washington Street, Box 8486, Boston, MA 02111, USA. sgoruppi@tufts-nemc.org
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goruppi
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Patten
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Force
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kyriakis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000235:genetics; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002843:Chromatin / Q000187:drug effects; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology*; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D002843:Chromatin; D019332:Endothelin-1; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D010656:Phenylephrine; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C491643:NUPR1 protein, human; C109741:Nupr1 protein, rat