title: Drug information-seeking intention and behavior after exposure to direct-to-consumer advertisement of prescription drugs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Concerns about direct-to-consumer advertisement's (DTCA's) information quality have raised interest in patients' drug information-seeking after DTCA exposure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify predictors of patients' intentions and behaviors to seek drug information from physicians, pharmacists, and the Internet after DTCA exposure, using theories of planned behavior and self-efficacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  One thousand patients were randomly selected from 3,000 nationwide osteoarthritic patients. A self-administered survey examined predictors of intention including measurements of attitude toward behavior, subjective norm, perceived difficulty, self-efficacy, controllability, self-identity, intention, exposure to ads, and control variables. After 6 weeks, another survey measured respondents' information-seeking behavior. For patients exposed to DTCA, 6 multiple regressions were performed for information-seeking intention and behavior for 3 information sources: physicians, pharmacists, and the Internet.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rates were 61.9% and 80.1% for the first survey and the second survey, respectively. Four hundred and fifty-four participants reported exposure to DTCA about arthritis prescription medicines in the previous month. Over 41% of the variance in intention and over 18% of the variance in behavior were explained by the regression procedures. The consistent positive predictors of intention were attitude toward behavior, self-identity, attitude toward DTCAs of arthritis medication, and osteoarthritis pain; while the consistent positive predictors of behavior were intention and osteoarthritis pain. The strongest predictors of intention were self-identity for physicians, subjective norm for pharmacists, and attitude toward behavior for the Internet. Perceived difficulty and self-efficacy did not predict intention, and self-efficacy and controllability did not predict behavior.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DTCA-prompted drug information-seeking may be under patients' complete volitional control. To promote information searching, efforts could be made to affect factors predicting intention. Interventions could address patients' attitude toward behavior, the influence of their important others, and their role as information seeker, respectively, for information sources like the Internet, pharmacists, and physicians.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Socioeconomics, S-532 PHAR, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. yifei-liu@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Yifei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Doucette
authors.forename: Karen B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Farris
authors.forename: Dhananjay
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nayakankuppam
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000329:Advertising; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000188:drug therapy; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D010595:Pharmacists; D010820:Physicians; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations