Withdrawal from long-term benzodiazepine use: randomised trial in family practice.
BACKGROUND
The long-term use of benzodiazepines is highly prevalent in developed societies and is not devoid of risks. Withdrawing patients from these drugs is often difficult. Tapering off benzodiazepines has been shown to be a good strategy for discontinuing their long-term use.


OBJECTIVE
To establish the efficacy of an intervention programme for reducing the chronic use of benzodiazepines.


METHODS
Randomised, two-arm, parallel, non-blinded controlled trial.


METHODS
Three urban healthcare centres covering a population of 50,000 inhabitants (Mallorca, Spain).


METHODS
Adult patients (n = 139) taking benzodiazepines daily for more than a year and visited by their family physician were randomised into an intervention group (n = 73) that received standardised advice and a tapering off schedule with biweekly follow-up visits, or into a control group (n = 66), that was managed following routine clinical practice. Both were followed for a year.


RESULTS
Patients achieved withdrawal or reduced their dose by at least 50% after 6 and 12 months. Abstinence and withdrawal symptoms were also measured. Both groups were homogeneous for personal, clinical and psychological characteristics and for benzodiazepine use. Only two patients from each group were lost to follow-up. After 12 months, 33 (45.2%) patients in the intervention group and six (9.1%) in the control group had discontinued benzodiazepine use; relative risk = 4.97 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.2 to 11.1), absolute risk reduction = 0.36 (95% CI = 0.22 to 0.50). For every three interventions, one patient achieved withdrawal. Sixteen (21.9%) subjects from the intervention group and 11 (16.7%) controls reduced their initial dose by more than 50%.


CONCLUSIONS
Standardised advice given by the family physician, together with a tapering off schedule, is effective for withdrawing patients from long-term benzodiazepine use and is feasible in primary care.
Vicens
Catalina
C
Centre de Salut Son Serra-la Vileta, Family and Community Medicine Teaching Unit. Palma de Mallorca, Mallorca, Spain. domicatrin@telefonica.net
Fiol
Francisca
F
Llobera
Joan
J
Campoamor
Francisco
F
Mateu
Catalina
C
Alegret
Santiago
S
Socías
Isabel
I
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005194:Family Practice; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013030:Spain; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D001569:Benzodiazepines