title: Effects of nicotine and vitamin E on glutathione reductase activity in some rat tissues in vivo and in vitro.
abstract: Effects of nicotine, and nicotine+vitamin E on glutathione reductase (Glutathione: NADP(+) oxidoreductase, EC 1.8.1.7) activity in the muscle, heart, lungs, testicles, kidney, stomach, brain and liver tissues were investigated in vivo and also in vitro. The groups were: nicotine [0.5 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal (i.p.)]; nicotine+vitamin E [75 mg/kg/day, intragastric (i.g.)]; and control group (receiving only vehicles). There were eight rats per group and supplementation period was 3 weeks. The results showed that nicotine (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) inhibited glutathione reductase activity significantly in the liver, lungs, heart, stomach, kidney, and testicles by approximately 61.5%, approximately 65%, approximately 70.5%, approximately 72.5%, approximately 64% and approximately 71.5%, respectively, while it had activated glutathione reductase activity in the brain by approximately 11.8%, and had no effect on the muscle glutathione reductase activity. Vitamin E supplementation prevented this nicotine-induced decrease in glutathione reductase activity in liver, lungs, heart, stomach, and kidney. However, it did not prevent this nicotine-induced decrease in testicles. In vitro studies were also carried out to elucidate the effects of nicotine and vitamin E on glutathione reductase activity. In vitro results correlated well with in vivo experimental results in liver, lungs, heart, stomach, and testicular tissues. These results show that vitamin E administration generally restores the inactivation of glutathione reductase activity due to nicotine administration in various rat tissues in vivo, and also in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Application and Research Center, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erat
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ciftci
authors.forename: Kenan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gumustekin
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gul
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005731:Ganglionic Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013270:Stomach / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D014020:Tissue Extracts / Q000378:metabolism; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005731:Ganglionic Stimulants; D014020:Tissue Extracts; D014810:Vitamin E; D009538:Nicotine; D005980:Glutathione Reductase