title: Psychological impact of thrombosis in the young.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Thrombosis is rare in the young, but can cause severe psychological distress that influences the quality of life and the coping capacities of these patients. This study was meant to increase the understanding of self-perception, social and family functioning and ways of coping with the disease in young patients after an episode of thrombosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven questionnaires spanning social and family functioning and ways of coping with disease were completed by 50 patients < or = 45 years of age after a first episode of venous or arterial thrombosis. Data were compared with those of 39 healthy individuals with similar age, sex and level of education.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to healthy controls, young patients with thrombosis had lower self-esteem, showed higher impairment in social activities and in familial relationships, and used more frequently coping strategies. Most patients used all coping strategies, preferring the more active ones, but more patients than controls used the passive ones, particularly "avoidance" and "religiosity". A correlation was found between the frequency of use of passive or negative coping strategies and some of the psychological, social and familial dimensions that scored more negatively. Greater psychological impairment and differences in coping styles were found in women compared with men and in individuals < 34 years compared with those > or = 34 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Young individuals with thrombosis develop psychological changes that influence their behaviour, quality of life and coping. This is particularly evident in women and in young patients. Physicians dealing with thrombosis should be aware of this situation and offer psychological support.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, University of Milan and IRCCS Maggiore Hospital, Mangiagalli and Regina Elena Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Diletta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fiandaca
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bucciarelli
authors.forename: Ida
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Martinelli
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tantardini
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Clemente
authors.forename: Pier Mannuccio
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Mannucci
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004493:Education; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011581:Psychological Tests; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D012649:Self Concept; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000523:psychology*; D013997:Time Factors