title: Adaptation and adjustment in children of transsexual parents.
abstract: It is a relatively uncommon event that children find themselves in a situation with a parent who undergoes a transition from one sex to another. Unlike situations of divorce or a parent with a medical or major psychiatric disorder, it is unlikely that the children will know of other children who encounter similar situations. There is very little literature that describes the adjustment of these children and the nature of their relationships with their parents and peers. Such information would be beneficial for clinicians assisting children and families in this situation. To better delineate the adjustment of these children, we interviewed 27 parents of 55 children. The interview took place on average 6 years after the gender transition. The measures obtained included the parent and child relationships at present and also at the time of the transition. We also inquired about academic function, peer relationships and social stigma. The results found that children who were younger at the time of the parent's transition tended to have better relationships and less adjustment difficulties. In addition, parental conflict that continues after the transition period tends to reflect greater family conflict between the transitioned parent and their child.
authors.affiliation: Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA. twhite@umn.edu
authors.forename: Tonya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Randi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ettner
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010379:Peer Group; D012650:Self Disclosure; D012737:Sex Factors; D012917:Social Adjustment; D013240:Stereotyping; D014189:Transsexualism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology