title: Acorus calamus extracts and nickel chloride: prevention of oxidative damage and hyperproliferation response in rat kidney.
abstract: Nickel, a major environmental pollutant, is known for its clastogenic, toxic, and carcinogenic potential. In this article, we report the effect of Acorus calamus on nickel chloride (NiCl2)-induced renal oxidative stress, toxicity, and cell proliferation response in male Wistar rats. NiCl2 (250 micromol/kg body weight/mL) enhanced reduced renal glutathione content (GSH), glutathione- S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), lipid peroxidation (LPO), H2O2 generation, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine with a concomitant decrease in the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (p < 0.001). NiCl2 administration also dose-dependently induced the renal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity several-fold as compared to salinetreated control rats. Similarly, renal DNA synthesis, which is measured in terms of [3H] thymidine incorporation in DNA, was elevated following NiCl2 treatment. Prophylactic treatment of rats with A. calamus (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight po) daily for 1 wk resulted in the diminution of NiCl2- mediated damage, as evident from the downregulation of glutathione content, GST, GR, LPO, H2O2 generation, BUN, serum creatinine, DNA synthesis (p < 0.001), and ODC activity (p < 0.01) with concomitant restoration of GPx activity. These results clearly demonstrate the role of oxidative stress and its relation to renal disfunctioning and suggest a protective effect of A. calamus on NiCl2-induced nephrotoxicity in a rat experimental model.
authors.affiliation: Section of Chemoprevention and Nutrition Toxicology, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India.
authors.forename: Lakshmi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: Tajdar Husain
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Tamanna
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jahangir
authors.forename: Sarwat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sultana
mesh_terms: D029023:Acorus / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000097:blood; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009532:Nickel / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009955:Ornithine Decarboxylase / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; C022838:nickel chloride; D009532:Nickel; D004247:DNA; D003404:Creatinine; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D009955:Ornithine Decarboxylase; D005978:Glutathione