title: Why should surgeons care about clinical research methodology?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A low prevalence of high-level clinical studies in the surgical literature has been reported previously. We reviewed a recent sample of surgical publications to assess the current status of clinical research.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 3-month sample of journal articles in Archives of Surgery, Surgery, and Annals of Surgery in 2005 was evaluated by two independent reviewers to determine the distribution of articles in established evidence classes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 133 publications were identified in the three journals during the time periods reviewed, including 101 clinical articles and 30 basic science articles. Among the clinical papers, there were 8 class I studies (7.9%), 34 class II studies (33.7%), and more than half were class III studies (59 of 101, or 58.4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The low prevalence of high-level evidence to guide surgical management of patients persists in major general surgery journals. We believe that education about proper research methodology is not only important for researchers, but is also important for practicing surgeons, and can have important health policy implications as well.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Susanna L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Matsen
authors.forename: Christopher E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Simpkins
mesh_terms: D015706:Bibliometrics; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013502:General Surgery; D006801:Humans; D010506:Periodicals as Topic; D011643:Publishing / Q000145:classification / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*