The applicability of acetylcholinesterase and glutathione S-transferase in Daphnia magna toxicity test.
The most commonly used toxicity test worldwide is the acute Daphnia magna test. The relevance of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in D. magna exposed to chromium, cadmium, and diazinon was evaluated in connection with this standard test. We found no link between enzyme activities and immobility. Concentrations of Cr(6+) up to 280 microg/L had no effect on AChE and GST activities, while 20% immobility was observed. At concentrations of 20-25 microg/L of Cd(2+) AChE activity was increased by about 50%. The effect of diazinon on both enzymes was insignificant up to concentrations that caused 27% immobility. Consequently, while the use of AChE and GST activities is recommended when the mode of action of chemicals is studied, the value of these biomarkers in routine acute toxicity tests is limited because the relationship between enzyme activities and immobility of D. magna exposed to different chemicals is unclear.
Jemec
Anita
A
National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Drobne
Damjana
D
Tisler
Tatjana
T
Trebse
Polonca
P
Ros
Milenko
M
Sepcić
Kristina
K
D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D002857:Chromium / Q000633:toxicity; D003621:Daphnia / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000502:physiology; D003976:Diazinon / Q000633:toxicity; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D007306:Insecticides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002104:Cadmium; D002857:Chromium; C074702:chromium hexavalent ion; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D003976:Diazinon