title: Measuring forelimb force control and movement in Fischer 344/Brown Norway rats: effects of age and lorazepam.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to measure forelimb force control and movement kinetics in rats, as they are affected by normal aging and the benzodiazepine lorazepam. Young (6 months), middle-aged (18 months), and aged (24 months) rats were trained to emit discrete forelimb responses on an isometric force disk within a 20-25 g force band for water reinforcement. Dependent variables included number of responses, percentage of reinforced responses, peak response forces, and inter-response times. Inter-response times were divided into two categories: inter-response times <0.5 s (reflecting rapid, discrete forelimb responses) and inter-response times 4-8 s (reflecting movement sequences). Aged rats exhibited no apparent deficits in forelimb force control. Although older rats emitted fewer responses than younger rats, their response accuracy was greater. Peak forces did not differ among the groups. Both categories of inter-response times were slower in the aged group, reflecting slowed discrete movements and movement sequencing. Lorazepam increased the number of responses and peak forces, decreased response accuracy, and lengthened inter-response times within the 4-8 s range (but not the <0.5 s range) in all age groups. The results suggest that movement sequences may be more sensitive to the effects of acute benzodiazepines than rapid discrete movements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA. jstanford@kumc.edu
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Stanford
authors.forename: Gregory L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Osterhaus
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vorontsova
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Fowler
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000502:physiology; D005552:Forelimb / Q000502:physiology*; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D008140:Lorazepam / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D011914:Rats, Inbred BN; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008140:Lorazepam