title: Wax encapsulation of water-soluble compounds for application in foods.
abstract: Water-soluble ingredients have been successfully encapsulated in wax using two preparation techniques. The first technique ('solid preparation') leads to relatively large wax particles. The second technique ('liquid preparation') leads to relatively small wax particles immersed in vegetable oil. On the first technique: stable encapsulation of water-soluble colourants (dissolved at low concentration in water) has been achieved making use of beeswax and PGPR. The leakage from the capsules, for instance of size 2 mm, is about 30% after 16 weeks storage in water at room temperature. To form such capsules a minimum wax mass of 40% relative to the total mass is needed. High amounts of salt or acids at the inside water phase causes more leaking, probably because of the osmotic pressure difference. Osmotic matching of inner and outer phase can lead to a dramatic reduction in leakage. Fat capsules are less suitable to incorporate water soluble colourants. The reason for this could be a difference in crystal structure (fat is less ductile and more brittle). On the second technique: stable encapsulation of water-soluble colourants (encapsulated in solid wax particles) has been achieved making use of carnauba wax. The leakage from the capsules, for instance of size 250 mm, is about 40% after 1 weeks storage in water at room temperature.
authors.affiliation: Unilever R and D Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands. michel.mellema@unilever.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mellema
authors.forename: W A J
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Van Benthum
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Boer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Von Harras
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Visser
mesh_terms: D002214:Capsules; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000032:analysis; D004396:Coloring Agents; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005527:Food, Fortified; D007203:Indigo Carmine; D009995:Osmosis; D010316:Particle Size; D012235:Rhodamines; D012995:Solubility; D012997:Solvents; D013499:Surface Properties; D014048:Tolonium Chloride; D014867:Water; D014885:Waxes
chemical_list: D002214:Capsules; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D012235:Rhodamines; D012997:Solvents; D014885:Waxes; D014867:Water; D014048:Tolonium Chloride; D019343:Citric Acid; C038228:beeswax; D007203:Indigo Carmine; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; C029773:rhodamine B