title: Vascular risk factors in glaucoma: the results of a national survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of vascular risk factors in glaucoma is still being debated. To assess the importance of vascular risk factors in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), data from the medical history of 2,879 POAG patients and 973 age-matched controls were collected and analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  observational survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  35 Italian academic centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  POAG patients and age-matched controls. In order to reduce bias consecutive patients were included.
  
  
  METHODS
  data concerning vascular risk factors were collected for all patients with a detailed questionnaire. A complete ophthalmological examination with assessment of intraocular pressure (IOP), visual field, optic disc, and systemic blood pressure was performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  the ESH-ESC (European Society of Hypertension-European Society of Cardiology) guidelines were used to calculate the level of cardiovascular risk. Crude and adjusted estimates of the odds ratios (OR) were calculated for all cardiovascular risk factors in POAG and controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 2,879 POAG patients and 973 controls. POAG cases had a significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.001) and systolic perfusion pressure (p = 0.02) as compared with controls. Also mean IOP was significantly higher in the POAG group (p = 0.01), while diastolic perfusion pressure was not significantly different in the two groups. Myopia was more prevalent in the POAG group (23 vs 18%, p = 0.005) as well as a positive family history for glaucoma (26 vs 12%, p = 0.004). POAG patients tended to have a higher cardiovascular risk than controls: 63% of glaucoma cases vs 55% of controls (OR: 1.38, p = 0.005) had a "high" or "very high" cardiovascular risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The level of cardiovascular risk was significantly higher in glaucoma patients than in controls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Surgery and Odontology, University of Milan, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy. nicola.orzalesi@unimi.it
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Orzalesi
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rossetti
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Omboni
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014794:Visual Fields