title: Detection of gunshot residues on cadaveric skin using sodium rhodizonate and a counterstain.
abstract: We report a staining method for cadaveric tissue using sodium rhodizonate as a skin marker for gunshot residues and a counterstain for the surrounding connective tissue. We studied six well preserved subjects who had died of close range gunshot injury. Skin fragments were removed from the bullet entrance hole including both the disrupted area and adjacent macroscopically intact tissue. Because microscopic examination of postmortem material is difficult after histomorphologic alterations already have occurred as a consequence of postmortem tissue changes, it is necessary to use a staining method that, while detecting gunshot residues, can also make skin cell constituents recognizable from both qualitative and quantitative perspectives. Triphenylmethane dyes (acid fuchsin, aniline blue WS, light green SF yellowish, brilliant green and ethyl green) have proven appropriate for the purpose.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Milan, 20133, Italy. riccardo.zoia@unimi.it
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zoja
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lazzaro
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Battistini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gentile
mesh_terms: D002102:Cadaver; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003512:Cyclohexanones; D044709:Forensic Ballistics; D049429:Forensic Pathology; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000293:injuries; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods; D014320:Triphenylmethyl Compounds; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D003512:Cyclohexanones; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D014320:Triphenylmethyl Compounds; C005690:rhodizonic acid