title: Gluten intolerance: sex and age-related features.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gluten intolerance is an immune-mediated enteropathy associated with gluten-containing foods in genetically susceptible patients. The typical form mainly affecting children shows failure to thrive and/or gastrointestinal symptoms. The adult form is less typical, presenting vague gastrointestinal symptoms, iron deficiency (with or without anemia) or nonspecific serum chemistry abnormalities. The present study aims to analyze clinical and biochemical differences of celiac disease (CD) according to sex and age.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study reviewed clinical and biochemical features of patients with suspected CD admitted to the Hospital General of Móstoles (Madrid, Spain) between July 2001 and June 2005. Two hundred fifty-two patients were analyzed, in whom intestinal biopsy was performed due to clinical and/or biochemical abnormalities suggestive of CD. One hundred seventy-eight asymptomatic relatives of the affected patients were also included. Overall, 125 patients showed diagnostic features of CD in the intestinal biopsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results confirmed higher prevalence of typical forms of CD in children (67% in children compared with only 14.3% in adults). CD seemed to be more frequent in adult women than in men (ratio of women to men 4:1), but it is worth noting that men diagnosed were most often referred with a typical clinical picture, so atypical forms of the disease in men may have been underdiagnosed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CD shows atypical features in adults, and physicians must include this disorder in the differential diagnosis of adults with iron deficiency or slight hypertransaminasemia. Increased awareness of the disease and extensive availability of accurate sero-logical tests will lead to improved diagnosis of this disorder, both in children and adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Hospital General of Mostóles, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Llorente-Alonso
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fernández-Acenero
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sebastián
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D001706:Biopsy; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005983:Glutens / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D005983:Glutens