title: A chemoattractant-mediated Gi-coupled pathway activates adenylyl cyclase in human neutrophils.
abstract: Neutrophils and Dictyostelium use conserved signal transduction pathways to decipher chemoattractant gradients and migrate directionally. In both cell types, addition of chemoattractants stimulates the production of cAMP, which has been suggested to regulate chemotaxis. We set out to define the mechanism by which chemoattractants increase cAMP levels in human neutrophils. We show that chemoattractants elicit a rapid and transient activation of adenylyl cyclase (AC). This activation is sensitive to pertussis toxin treatment but independent of phosphoinositide-3 kinase activity and an intact cytoskeleton. Remarkably, and in sharp contrast to Galpha(s)-mediated activation, chemoattractant-induced AC activation is lost in cell lysates. Of the nine, differentially regulated transmembrane AC isoforms in the human genome, we find that isoforms III, IV, VII, and IX are expressed in human neutrophils. We conclude that the signal transduction cascade used by chemoattractants to activate AC is conserved in Dictyostelium and human neutrophils and is markedly different from the canonical Galpha(s)-meditated pathway.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4256, USA.
authors.forename: Dana C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Mahadeo
authors.forename: Mirkka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Janka-Junttila
authors.forename: Rory L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Smoot
authors.forename: Pavla
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roselova
authors.forename: Carole A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Parent
mesh_terms: D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000502:physiology; D004023:Dictyostelium / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D019206:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology*; D037342:Pertussis Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002630:Chemotactic Factors; D005576:Colforsin; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D019206:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases