title: Saponins from Allium minutiflorum with antifungal activity.
abstract: Three saponins, named minutoside A (1), minutoside B (2), minutoside C (3), and two known sapogenins, alliogenin and neoagigenin, were isolated from the bulbs of Allium minutiflorum Regel. Elucidation of their structure was carried out by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, including 2D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The structures of the new compounds were identified as (25R)-furost-2alpha,3beta,6beta,22alpha,26-pentaol 3-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl] 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), (25S)-spirostan-2alpha,3beta,6beta-triol 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside (2), and (25R)-furost-2alpha,3beta,5alpha,6beta,22alpha,26-esaol 3-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl] 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3). The isolated compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. All the novel saponins showed a significant antifungal activity depending on their concentration and with the following rank: minutoside B>minutoside C>>minutoside A. No appreciable antibacterial activity was recorded. The possible role of these saponins in plant-microbe interactions is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Microbiologiche, Università del Molise, Via F. De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barile
authors.forename: Giuliano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bonanomi
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Antignani
authors.forename: Behzad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zolfaghari
authors.forename: S Ebrahim
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Sajjadi
authors.forename: Felice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Scala
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lanzotti
mesh_terms: D000490:Allium / Q000737:chemistry*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects; D006027:Glycosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008958:Models, Molecular; D012503:Saponins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013256:Steroids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D006027:Glycosides; D012503:Saponins; D013256:Steroids; C504674:minutoside A; C504675:minutoside B