title: Reduced amygdala volumes in first-episode bipolar disorder and correlation with cerebral white matter.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings on amygdala volume abnormalities in bipolar disorder have been inconsistent, which may partly reflect clinical heterogeneity. It is unclear whether amygdala abnormalities are present early in the course of illness and/or are the consequence of disease progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with first-episode bipolar disorder and 23 matched healthy comparison subjects were included. Magnetic resonance images were used to measure amygdala volumes, as well as whole brain measures of gray and white matter volume.
  
  
  RESULTS
  First-episode bipolar patients had significant reductions in amygdala volume relative to healthy subjects in an analysis of covariance that accounted for the effects of age, sex, and whole brain volume. First-episode patients also showed a trend reduction in cerebral white matter volume, and there was a significant correlation between cerebral white matter volume and total amygdala volume in patients but not control subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that amygdala volume deficits are present early in the course of bipolar disorder and may occur within a neuroanatomical context of reduced cerebral white matter. Additional research should examine whether the nature of regional white matter deficits, particularly in frontal-temporal tracts, may help parse the pathophysiology of amygdala volume abnormalities in bipolar disorder.
authors.affiliation: Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, USA. irosso@hms.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Isabelle M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Rosso
authors.forename: William D S
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Killgore
authors.forename: Christina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Cintron
authors.forename: Staci A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Gruber
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tohen
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Yurgelun-Todd
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000679:Amygdala / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000473:pathology*; D009929:Organ Size; D012016:Reference Values