title: Differential patterns of memory performance in relapsing, remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Memory dysfunction is common in multiple sclerosis (MS). A retrieval failure has been reported as the primary cause for the memory deficits, although some studies also described a faulty acquisition.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to examine memory function in relapsing remitting (RR) and secondary progressive (SP) MS patients, analyze the patterns of performance and to investigate whether disease course influences this performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control prospective study conducted in a clinical setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-five RR, 23 SP MS patients and 80 normal subjects were evaluated with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Memory was assessed with tasks from the Signoret memory battery. Attention and executive function were also assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Univariate analysis of variance, Mann-Whitney U-test, multivariate logistic regression and Chi-square test were used as appropriate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MS patients performed significantly worse than controls on almost all measures of memory (P < 0,001). MS subgroups differed in tasks of delayed recall (logical memory- P =0,019; wordlist delayed recall, P < 0,001), semantic cued recall (P < 0,001), recognition trials (P =0,006) rate of forgetting (P < 0,001) and confabulation and intrusion errors (P =0,004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Memory is consistently impaired in MS patients and disease course differentially affects the pattern of performance. SP patients show greater difficulties and a more pervasive pattern of dysfunction than RR patients. Delayed recall was the most affected memory measure and performance on this task discriminates between RR and SP MS patients. Relapsing remitting patients performed within the mildly impaired range while SP patients showed a moderate to severe impairment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Buenos Aires British Hospital, Perdriel 74 Buenos Aires, Argentina. drake@fibertel.com.ar
authors.forename: Marina A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Drake
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carrá
authors.forename: Ricardo F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Allegri
authors.forename: Geraldine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Luetic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020528:Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology