title: Leukoencephalopathy as a rare complication of hepatitis C infection.
abstract: We report the case of a 64-year-old female patient with hepatitis C infection (HCV), who developed Sjögren's disease and sensory peripheral neuropathy. Clinical conditions worsened over three years with central nervous system involvement characterised by transient third cranial nerve paresis and mild selective impairment of attention and memory. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed diffuse periventricular and lobar white matter hyperintensity. Laboratory findings included mixed cryoglobulinaemia (type II), cryocrit 1.47%, low serum levels of complement C4 and high levels of rheumatoid factor, HCV 1b genotype, high HCV mRNA levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Skin biopsy showed evidence of vasculitis. After one year of plasmapheresis, immunosuppressant therapy and occasional corticosteroid treatment, neurological symptoms improved, skin biopsy changed and inflammation parameters normalised, suggesting that neurological symptoms might be related to the high levels of mixed cryoglobulins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological and Behavioural Science, Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buccoliero
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gambelli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sicurelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malandrini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Palmeri
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Santis
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Stromillo
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: De Stefano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sperduto
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Musumeci
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Federico
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology