title: Comparative analysis of diagnostic accuracy of different brain biopsy procedures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Image-guided procedures such as computed tomography (CT) guided, neuronavigator-guided and ultrasound-guided methods can assist neurosurgeons in localizing the intraparenchymal lesion of the brain. However, despite improvements in the imaging techniques, an accurate diagnosis of intrinsic lesion requires tissue sampling and histological verification.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study was carried out to examine the reliability of the diagnoses made on tumor sample obtained via different stereotactic and ultrasound-guided brain biopsy procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis was conducted of all brain biopsies (frame-based and frameless stereotactic and ultrasound-guided) performed in a single tertiary care neurosciences center between 1995 and 2005. The overall diagnostic accuracy achieved on histopathology and correlation with type of biopsy technique was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 130 cases were included, which consisted of 82 males and 48 females. Age ranged from 4 to 75 years (mean age 39.5 years). Twenty per cent (27 patients) were in the pediatric age group, while 12% (16 patients) were >or= 60-years of age. A definitive histological diagnosis was established in 109 cases (diagnostic yield 80.2%), which encompassed 101 neoplastic and eight nonneoplastic lesions. Frame-based, frameless stereotactic and ultrasound-guided biopsies were done in 95, 15 and 20 patients respectively. Although the numbers of cases were small there was trend for better yield with frameless image-guided stereotactic biopsy and maximum diagnostic yield was obtained i.e, 87% (13/15) in comparison to conventional frame-based CT-guided stereotactic biopsy and ultrasound-guided biopsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, a trend of higher diagnostic yield was seen in cases with frameless image-guided stereotactic biopsy. Thus, this small series confirms that frameless neuronavigator-guided stereotactic procedures represent the lesion sufficiently in order to make histopathologic diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Deepali
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Mehar Chand
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Chitra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Manmohan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Mahapatra
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial