title: Revisiting the frequency of peripheral arterial disease in patients with coronary artery disease: is there a difference between diabetic and non-diabetic patients?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate whether frequency of concomitant peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is associated with angiographic severity of coronary artery disease (CAD), as well as to ascertain if diabetic patients differ from those without diabetes in the association between these two manifestations of atherosclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 302 patients (229 men, mean age 62.2 +/- 11.5 years) with documented CAD, divided into groups I-III, according to the angiographic severity of coronary atherosclerosis. Group I comprised 140 patients (104 men) with severe CAD, group II comprised 63 patients (48 men) with moderate CAD and group III comprised 99 patients (77 men) with mild CAD. Each of the groups I-III was further divided into the subgroups of diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Included were also 88 patients (42 men, mean age 61.7 +/- 9.5 years) without CAD and a control group of 60 healthy volunteers (30 men), aged 18-40 years. PAD was diagnosed by means of a Doppler apparatus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Frequency of PAD was associated with angiographic severity of CAD (p = 0.0001). This association was shown both in diabetic (p = 0.012) and in non-diabetic patients (p = 0.0041). Significantly (p < or = 0.01) higher frequency of PAD among diabetic patients was found in each of the groups I-III.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among patients with CAD, frequency of concomitant PAD is associated with angiographic severity of coronary atherosclerosis. This association is demonstrated both in diabetic and in non-diabetic patients. Finally, PAD is significantly more frequent in diabetic patients, irrespective of the angiographic severity of CAD.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece. papanasnikos@yahoo.gr
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Papanas
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tziakas
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hatzinikolaou
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chalikias
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maltezos
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Louridas
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hatseras
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006115:Greece; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D013223:Statistics as Topic