title: Simultaneous host and parasite expression profiling identifies tissue-specific transcriptional programs associated with susceptibility or resistance to experimental cerebral malaria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The development and outcome of cerebral malaria (CM) reflects a complex interplay between parasite-expressed virulence factors and host response to infection. The murine CM model, Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA), which simulates many of the features of human CM, provides an excellent system to study this host/parasite interface. We designed "combination" microarrays that concurrently detect genome-wide transcripts of both PbA and mouse, and examined parasite and host transcriptional programs during infection of CM-susceptible (C57BL/6) and CM-resistant (BALB/c) mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of expression data from brain, lung, liver, and spleen of PbA infected mice showed that both host and parasite gene expression can be examined using a single microarray, and parasite transcripts can be detected within whole organs at a time when peripheral blood parasitemia is low. Parasites display a unique transcriptional signature in each tissue, and lung appears to be a large reservoir for metabolically active parasites. In comparisons of susceptible versus resistant animals, both host and parasite display distinct, organ-specific transcriptional profiles. Differentially expressed mouse genes were related to humoral immune response, complement activation, or cell-cell interactions. PbA displayed differential expression of genes related to biosynthetic activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data show that host and parasite gene expression profiles can be simultaneously analysed using a single "combination" microarray, and that both the mouse and malaria parasite display distinct tissue- and strain-specific responses during infection. This technology facilitates the dissection of host-pathogen interactions in experimental cerebral malaria and could be extended to other disease models.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Science, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. fiona.lovegrove@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Fiona E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Lovegrove
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peña-Castillo
authors.forename: Naveed
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mohammad
authors.forename: W Conrad
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Liles
authors.forename: Timothy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Kevin C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Kain
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D017125:Genes, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology; D016779:Malaria, Cerebral / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D010962:Plasmodium berghei / Q000235:genetics*; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013154:Spleen / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D015800:Protozoan Proteins