title: Staphylococcal chromosome cassette evolution in Staphylococcus aureus inferred from ccr gene complex sequence typing analysis.
abstract: Staphylococcal chromosome cassette mec (SCCmec) elements within major lineages of healthcare- and community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clones were characterised using intra-SCCmec multilocus sequencing. A strong correlation was observed between sequence- and PCR-based typing methods (p <0.001). However, phylogenetic analysis of the SCCmec locus using concatenated sequences evidenced few recombination events. Sequence type (ST)-SCCmec1 was found in SCCmec elements types I and IV, suggesting the evolution of an SCCmecI element into an SCCmecIV element. This coincided with the spread of the clone harbouring this SCCmec element into the community. No correlation was observed between ST-SCCmec lineage and MRSA lineage, confirming multiple acquisitions of SCCmec by S. aureus. This was exemplified by the SCCmecIV ST-SCCmec10 element, which was detected in all of the clonal complexes examined, including healthcare- and community-associated MRSA. The acquisition of this SCCmec element was five- to ten-fold more common than that of others. Models of MRSA clone evolution suggest that this SCCmec was first found in the paediatric clone.
authors.affiliation: INSERM E0230, Université Lyon 1, Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Faculté Laennec, Lyon, France. gerard.lina@chu-lyon.fr
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lina
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Berchich
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Short
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meugnier
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vandenesch
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Etienne
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Enright
mesh_terms: D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D023061:Gene Order; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D016106:Methicillin Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D001618:beta-Lactamases