title: Antiangiogenic effect of bile acid acylated heparin derivative.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chemically modified heparin-DOCA was prepared and found to have markedly lower anticoagulant activity than heparin. In the present study, we elucidated the antiangiogenic and antitumoral activities of heparin-DOCA derivative.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate the antiangiogenic and antitumoral effects of heparin-DOCA, capillary-like tube formation assay, Matrigel plug assay in vivo, western blotting for FGFR phosphorylation, ERK and p38 MAPK activities, tumor growth of SCC in vivo and immunostaining of blood vessels in tumor tissues were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Heparin-DOCA inhibited capillary-like tubular structures of endothelial cells and bFGF-induced neovascularizations in Matrigel plug assays. Signaling experiments showed that heparin-DOCA significantly inhibited angiogenesis by suppressing the phosphorylation of FGFR and its downstream signal pathways (ERK and p38 MAPK activities). The antiangiogenic activity of this heparin derivative was found to be closely associated with antitumoral activity in a mouse model. In addition, histological evaluations supported the inhibitory effect of heparin-DOCA on blood vessel formation in tumor tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heparin-DOCA derivative exerted a significant antitumoral effect by inhibiting angiogenesis resulting from the disruption of FGF/FGFR and its downstream signal pathways, and could be applied to treat various angiogenic diseases.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyeongsoon
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Yoo-Shin
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Gee Young
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ju-Ock
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Seok Ki
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Rang-Woon
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sang Yoon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: In-San
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Youngro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Byun
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D042783:Endothelial Cells; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006493:Heparin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008870:Microtubules / Q000187:drug effects; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D006493:Heparin; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases