A combined computational and experimental study on the structure-regulation relationships of putative mammalian DNA replication initiator GINS.
GINS, a heterotetramer of SLD5, PSF1, PSF2, and PSF3 proteins, is an emerging chromatin factor recognized to be involved in the initiation and elongation step of DNA replication. Although the yeast and Xenopus GINS genes are well documented, their orthologous genes in higher eukaryotes are not fully characterized. In this study, we report the genomic structure and transcriptional regulation of mammalian GINS genes. Serum stimulation increased the GINS mRNA levels in human cells. Reporter gene assay using putative GINS promoter sequences revealed that the expression of mammalian GINS is regulated by 17beta-Estradiol-stimulated estrogen receptor alpha, and human PSF3 acts as a gene responsive to transcription factor E2F1. The goal of this study is to present the current data so as to encourage further work in the field of GINS gene regulation and functions in mammalian cells.
Hayashi
Reiko
R
Department of Life Sciences, Meiji University School of Agriculture, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan.
Arauchi
Takako
T
Tategu
Moe
M
Goto
Yuya
Y
Yoshida
Kenichi
K
D000818:Animals; D002843:Chromatin / Q000737:chemistry; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods*; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004265:DNA Helicases / Q000502:physiology*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism*; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D002843:Chromatin; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D015534:Trans-Activators; C045264:replication initiator protein; D004958:Estradiol; D004247:DNA; D004265:DNA Helicases