title: Radioguided parathyroidectomy in patients with familial hyperparathyroidism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In patients with sporadic hyperparathyroidism (HPT), radioguided parathyroidectomy (RGP) has been shown to facilitate intraoperative localization of parathyroid glands, reduced operative time, and improve patient outcomes. No studies have focused on the role of RGP in patients with familial HPT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 3/01 and 6/05, 419 patients underwent RGP. Nineteen had familial HPT, including 12 with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN), and 94 had sporadic HPT with parathyroid hyperplasia. All patients were injected with sestamibi pre-operatively and a gamma probe was used intraoperatively. Radiotracer counts were recorded prospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients with familial HPT, the gamma probe detected all abnormal parathyroid glands with a mean in vivo radiotracer count of 157 +/- 9% above background. Importantly, 5 patients (25%) had ectopic parathyroid glands localized by the probe in the thymus, thyroid and retroesophageal region. All resected hyperplastic parathyroid glands had ex vivo counts > 20%. All patients were cured after surgery with mean calcium and parathyroid hormone levels of 9.4 +/- 0.1 mg/dl and 31 +/- 7 pg/ml, respectively, and a mean hospital stay of 0.7 +/- 0.1 days. In comparing the 2 groups, while patients with familial HPT had lower pre-operative parathyroid hormone levels, the ex vivo radiotracer counts were significantly higher.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RGP in patients with familial HPT is technically feasible and perhaps more sensitive than in patients with sporadic hyperplastic disease. The gamma probe efficiently localized all parathyroid glands including those in ectopic locations, and resulted in high cure rates and short hospital stays. RGP is a viable and useful technique in patients with familial HPT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Section of Endocrine Surgery, University of Wisconsin, H4/750 Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
authors.forename: Alysandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lal
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bianco
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010280:Parathyroid Glands / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016105:Parathyroidectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi