Smoking expectancies in smokers and never smokers: an examination of the smoking Consequences Questionnaire-Spanish.
The factor structure of smoking expectancies was examined in daily smokers and never smokers. Participants completed the Smoking Consequences Questionnaire-Spanish (SCQ-Spanish; [Cepeda-Benito, A., & Reig-Ferrer, A. (2000). Smoking consequences questionnaire-Spanish. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 14, 219-230.]). Using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the eight-factor structure of the SCQ-Spanish was replicated in smokers only. Except for beliefs about negative-health outcome expectancies, daily smoking rate was strongly associated with all types of smoking outcome expectancies. In comparison to men, women smokers reported greater weight control and negative-affect reduction consequences from smoking. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) suggested a four-factor structure for the scores of never smokers. The findings represent not only the first cross-validation of the SCQ-Spanish but they were also congruent with the notion that first-hand smoking experience is not necessary for the development of multifaceted smoking expectancies. Nonetheless, the finding of a more complex factors structure in smokers than in never smokers is in line with the hypothesis that drug-use expectancies become more complex with drug-use experience.
Reig-Ferrer
Abilio
A
Department of Health Psychology, Universidad de Alicante, Spain. areig@ua.es
Cepeda-Benito
Antonio
A
D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors