title: Dose-response study of spinal hyperbaric ropivacaine for cesarean section.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spinal hyperbaric ropivacaine may produce more predictable and reliable anesthesia than plain ropivacaine for cesarean section. The dose-response relation for spinal hyperbaric ropivacaine is undetermined. This double-blind, randomized, dose-response study determined the ED50 (50% effective dose) and ED95 (95% effective dose) of spinal hyperbaric ropivacaine for cesarean section anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty parturients undergoing elective cesarean section delivery with use of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia were enrolled in this study. An epidural catheter was placed at the L1 approximately L2 vertebral interspace, then lumbar puncture was performed at the L3 approximately L4 vertebral interspace, and parturients were randomized to receive spinal hyperbaric ropivacaine in doses of 10.5 mg, 12 mg, 13.5 mg, or 15 mg in equal volumes of 3 ml. Sensory levels (pinprick) were assessed every 2.5 min until a T7 level was achieved and motor changes were assessed by modified Bromage Score. A dose was considered effective if an upper sensory level to pin prick of T7 or above was achieved and no intraoperative epidural supplement was required. ED50 and ED95 were determined with use of a logistic regression model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ED50 (95% confidence interval) of spinal hyperbaric ropivacaine was determined to be 10.37 (5.23 approximately 11.59) mg and ED95 (95% confidence interval) to be 15.39 (13.81approximately 23.59) mg. The maximum sensory block levels and the duration of motor block and the rate of hypotension, but not onset of anesthesia, were significantly related to the ropivacaine dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ED50 and ED95 of spinal hyperbaric ropivacaine for cesarean delivery under the conditions of this study were 10.37 mg and 15.39 mg, respectively. Ropivacaine is suitable for spinal anesthesia in cesarean delivery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China. chenxinz@zju.edu.cn
authors.forename: Xin-zhong
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ai-fei
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.forename: Chang-cheng
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lü
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000577:Amides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002585:Cesarean Section; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D011247:Pregnancy; D000077212:Ropivacaine
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077212:Ropivacaine