title: Engrailed controls the organization of the ventral nerve cord through frazzled regulation.
abstract: In Drosophila, the ventral nerve cord (VNC) architecture is built from neuroblasts that are specified during embryonic development, mainly by transcription factors. Here we show that Engrailed, a homeodomain transcription factor known to be involved in the establishment of neuroblast identity, is also directly implicated in the regulation of axonal guidance cues. Posterior commissures (PC) are missing in engrailed mutant embryos, and axonal pathfinding defects are observed when Engrailed is ectopically expressed at early stages, prior to neuronal specification. We also show that frazzled, enabled, and trio, all of which are potential direct targets of Engrailed and are involved in axonal navigation, interact genetically with engrailed to form posterior commissures in the developing VNC. The regulation of frazzled expression in engrailed-expressing neuroblasts contributes significantly to the formation of the posterior commissures by acting on axon growth. Finally, we identified a small genomic fragment within intron 1 of frazzled that can mediate activation by Engrailed in vivo when fused to a GFP reporter. These results indicate that Engrailed's function during the segregation of the neuroblasts is crucial for regulating different actors that are later involved in axon guidance.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Genetics, IGH, UPR 1142, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
authors.forename: Willy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Joly
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mugat
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maschat
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000235:genetics; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D000075386:Netrin Receptors; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010641:Phenotype; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; C063459:En protein, Drosophila; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D000075386:Netrin Receptors; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D014157:Transcription Factors; C000617310:fra protein, Drosophila