title: Ca2+ signaling in mouse mesenteric small arteries: myogenic tone and adrenergic vasoconstriction.
abstract: Arteries that have developed myogenic tone (MT) are in a markedly different physiological state compared with those that have not, with higher cytosolic [Ca(2+)] and altered activity of several signal transduction pathways. In this study, we sought to determine whether alpha(1)-adrenoceptor-induced Ca(2+) signaling is different in pressurized arteries that have spontaneously developed MT (the presumptive physiological state) compared with those that have not (a common experimental state). At 32 degrees C and intraluminal pressure of 70 mmHg, cytoplasmic [Ca(2+)] was steady in most smooth muscle cells (SMCs). In a minority of cells (34%), however, at least one propagating Ca(2+) wave occurred. alpha(1)-Adrenoceptor activation (phenylephrine, PE; 0.1-10.0 microM) caused strong vasoconstriction and markedly increased the frequency of Ca(2+) waves (in virtually all cells). However, when cytosolic [Ca(2+)] was elevated experimentally in these arteries ([K(+)] 20 mM), PE failed to elicit Ca(2+) waves, although it did elevate [Ca(2+)] (F/F(0)) further and caused further vasoconstriction. During development of MT, the cytosolic [Ca(2+)] (F/F(0)) in individual SMCs increased, Ca(2+) waves disappeared (from SMCs that had them), and small Ca(2+) ripples (frequency approximately 0.05 Hz) appeared in approximately 13% of cells. PE elicited only spatially uniform increases in [Ca(2+)] and a smaller change in diameter (than in the absence of MT). Nevertheless, when cytosolic [Ca(2+)] and MT were decreased by nifedipine (1 microM), PE did elicit Ca(2+) waves. Thus alpha(1)-adrenoceptor-mediated Ca(2+) signaling is markedly different in arteries with and without MT, perhaps due to the elevated [Ca(2+)], and may have a different molecular basis. alpha(1)-Adrenoceptor-induced vasoconstriction may be supported either by Ca(2+) waves or by steady elevation of cytoplasmic [Ca(2+)], depending on the amount of MT.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Physiology, Univ of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zacharia
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: W Gil
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Wier
mesh_terms: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D010656:Phenylephrine