title: Nucleolin is required for RNA polymerase I transcription in vivo.
abstract: Eukaryotic genomes are packaged with histones and accessory proteins in the form of chromatin. RNA polymerases and their accessory proteins are sufficient for transcription of naked DNA, but not of chromatin, templates in vitro. In this study, we purified and identified nucleolin as a protein that allows RNA polymerase II to transcribe nucleosomal templates in vitro. As immunofluorescence confirmed that nucleolin localizes primarily to nucleoli with RNA polymerase I, we demonstrated that nucleolin allows RNA polymerase I transcription of chromatin templates in vitro. The results of chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments established that nucleolin is associated with chromatin containing rRNA genes transcribed by RNA polymerase I but not with genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II or III. Knockdown of nucleolin by RNA interference resulted in specific inhibition of RNA polymerase I transcription. We therefore propose that an important function of nucleolin is to permit RNA polymerase I to transcribe nucleolar chromatin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
authors.forename: Brenden
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rickards
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Flint
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: LeRoy
mesh_terms: D002466:Cell Nucleolus / Q000378:metabolism; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D021381:Protein Transport; D012318:RNA Polymerase I / Q000378:metabolism*; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000378:metabolism; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D035602:Transcriptional Elongation Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D000097796:Nucleolin
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012318:RNA Polymerase I; D012319:RNA Polymerase II; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D035602:Transcriptional Elongation Factors; D000097796:Nucleolin; C073537:SSRP1 protein, human