title: Evaluation of oxidative stress in the thrombolysis of pulmonary embolism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To analyse leukocyte function parameters and oxidative stress (OS) in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) treated with thrombolytics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients undergoing thrombolysis (TL) with ultra-high dose streptokinase (n = 8), or alteplase (tPA) (n = 7) treatment were studied. Blood samples were collected prior to TL, and then 8 h, 1, 3, 5 and 30 days after treatment. Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), plasma protein sulfhydryl groups (PSH) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and myeloperoxidase enzyme (MPO) activities were measured in plasma or whole blood for monitoring of the OS markers. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in whole blood was measured by luminol dependent chemiluminescence. Flow cytometry was used to determine CD11a, CD18, and CD97 surface antigen expression on leukocytes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The elevated MDA, ROS and MPO, decreased GSH and PSH levels indicated the presence of OS in patients with PE. MDA significantly (P < 0.05) increased, GSH significantly (P < 0.05) decreased following thrombolysis. ROS production peaked on the 3rd and 5th days. TL was accompanied by significant decrease in granulocyte and monocyte CD11a and CD18 as well as in granulocyte CD97 expression (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PE led to OS that was augmented following TL. Decreased adhesion molecule expression of circulating leukocytes in the early phase of TL reflects the pathological leukocyte endothelial cell interactions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 13, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary. Diana.Muhl@aok.pte.hu
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mühl
authors.forename: Réka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Füredi
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cristofari
authors.forename: Subhamay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: Lajos
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bogár
authors.forename: Balázs
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Borsiczki
authors.forename: Balázs
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gasz
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: János
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lantos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013300:Streptokinase / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D009195:Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D013300:Streptokinase; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D005978:Glutathione