title: Reduced use of antibiotic growth promoters in diets fed to weanling pigs: dietary tools, part 2.
abstract: Diets formulated to maximize performance of weanling pigs need to support the development of intestinal tissue, support intestinal colonization with beneficial, mainly lactic acid-producing bacteria, and support development of the intestinal and overall immune system. This objective is not likely to be achieved using one single strategy, but there is strong evidence that diets formulated with cereal grains other than corn, with a low concentration of crude protein and with the use of direct-fed microbials, will improve intestinal health and performance of weanling pigs. Further improvements may be observed if the grain part of the diet is fermented prior to feeding or if the diet is fed in a liquid form, but the need for specialized equipment limit the implementation of this strategy. Dietary supplements such as essential oils and nucleosides or nucleotides may also be useful, but more research is needed to verify the effects of these substances.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA. hstein@uiuc.edu
authors.forename: Hans H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Dong Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Kil
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004363:Drug Utilization; D002523:Edible Grain; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D009705:Nucleosides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development*; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D009705:Nucleosides; D009711:Nucleotides; D009822:Oils, Volatile