title: Enhanced green fluorescent protein is a nearly ideal long-term expression tracer for hematopoietic stem cells, whereas DsRed-express fluorescent protein is not.
abstract: Validated gene transfer and expression tracers are essential for elucidating functions of mammalian genes. Here, we have determined the suitability and unintended side effects of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and DsRed-Express fluorescent protein as expression tracers in long-term hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Retrovirally transduced mouse bone marrow cells expressing either EGFP or DsRed-Express in single or mixed dual-color cell populations were clearly discerned by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. The results from in vivo competitive repopulation assays demonstrated that EGFP-expressing HSCs were maintained nearly throughout the lifespan of the transplanted mice and retained long-term multilineage repopulating potential. All mice assessed at 15 months post-transplantation were EGFP positive, and, on average, 24% total peripheral white blood cells expressed EGFP. Most EGFP-expressing recipient mice lived at least 22 months. In contrast, Discosoma sp. red fluorescent protein (DsRed)-expressing donor cells dramatically declined in transplant-recipient mice over time, particularly in the competitive setting, in which mixed EGFP- and DsRed-expressing cells were cotransplanted. Moreover, under in vitro culture condition favoring preservation of HSCs, purified EGFP-expressing cells grew robustly, whereas DsRed-expressing cells did not. Therefore, EGFP has no detectable deteriorative effects on HSCs, and is nearly an ideal long-term expression tracer for hematopoietic cells; however, DsRed-Express fluorescent protein is not suitable for these cells.
authors.affiliation: Microbiology and Immunology, Walther Oncology Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, Room 302, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. wetao@iupui.edu
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Barbara-Graham
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cornetta
authors.forename: Christopher B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Ballas
authors.forename: Giao
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hangoc
authors.forename: Hal E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Broxmeyer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014161:Transduction, Genetic; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins