title: Trends in the prescription and cost of diabetic medications and monitoring equipment in England 1991-2004.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To report the trend in prescriptions and cost of antidiabetic drugs and glucose monitoring equipment in England from 1991 to 2004.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed data on all community antidiabetic drug prescriptions in England collated from the Prescription Cost Analysis system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total number of diabetes prescriptions (medicines and monitoring) rose from 7,613,000 (1991) to 24,325,640 (2004) (>300% increase). Meanwhile, total costs increased by 650%. Insulins are the biggest contributor to cost followed by monitoring equipment and then oral medications. Three times as many items of oral tablets are prescribed than insulins. Metformin accounts for 40% of all diabetic drug dispensations but only 7% of the costs. More is spent on glitazones now than on either metformin or sulphonylureas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There has been a substantial increase in the cost of managing diabetes in the community. Costs are likely to continue to rise in the future, as the prevalence of diabetes increases and through more aggressive identification and management of patients with diabetes in the hope of reducing the even more costly complications. The cost implications of glucose monitoring merits further study.
authors.affiliation: Charing Cross Hospital, London W6 8RF, UK.
authors.forename: Hitesh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Janakan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Srishanmuganathan
authors.forename: Josip
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Car
authors.forename: Azeem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Majeed
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D001549:Benzamides / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001645:Biguanides / Q000191:economics; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000191:economics* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics*; D016527:Drug Costs / Q000639:trends; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004739:England; D004864:Equipment and Supplies / Q000191:economics / Q000600:supply & distribution; D005194:Family Practice / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000145:classification / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010594:Pharmacies / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds / Q000191:economics; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D001645:Biguanides; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; C030516:meglitinide