title: Antiretroviral activity, pharmacokinetics, and tolerability of MK-0518, a novel inhibitor of HIV-1 integrase, dosed as monotherapy for 10 days in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected individuals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  MK-0518 is a novel HIV-1 integrase strand transfer inhibitor with potent in vitro activity against HIV-1 (95% inhibitory concentration [IC95] = 33 nM in 50% human serum) and good bioavailability in uninfected subjects. This study explored the antiretroviral activity and safety of MK-0518 versus placebo for 10 days as monotherapy in antiretroviral therapy-naive HIV-1-infected patients with plasma HIV-1 RNA levels of at least 5000 copies/mL and CD4 T-cell counts of at least 100 cells/mm.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled 2-part study, with the first part using MK-0518 in 1 of 4 doses (100, 200, 400, and 600 mg) versus placebo (randomized 1:1:1:1:1) given twice daily for 10 days of monotherapy. Patients were monitored for safety, pharmacokinetic parameters, and antiretroviral effect.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-five patients were enrolled (6-8 patients per treatment group) and completed 10 days of therapy; the mean baseline log10 HIV RNA level ranged from 4.5 to 5.0 copies/mL in each group. On day 10, the mean decrease from baseline in the log10 HIV RNA level was -0.2 copies/mL for the placebo group and -1.9, -2.0, -1.7 and -2.2 log10 copies/mL for the MK-0518 100-, 200-, 400-, and 600-mg treatment groups, respectively. All dose groups had superior antiretroviral activity compared with placebo (P < 0.001 for comparison of each dose with placebo). At least 50% of patients in each MK-0518 dose group achieved an HIV RNA level <400 copies/mL by day 10. Mean trough MK-0518 concentrations at each dose exceeded the IC95 of 33 nM. Study therapy was generally well tolerated. The most common adverse experiences were headache and dizziness; these were similar between active and control groups. There were no discontinuations because of adverse experiences and no serious adverse experiences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MK-0518 showed potent antiretroviral activity as short-term monotherapy and was generally well tolerated at all doses. Based on these results, part 2 of the study, a dose-ranging 48-week trial of MK-0518 versus efavirenz in a combination regimen, has been initiated.
authors.affiliation: Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Markowitz
authors.forename: Javier O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Morales-Ramirez
authors.forename: Bach-Yen
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Colin M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kovacs
authors.forename: Roy T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Steigbigel
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liporace
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Isaacs
authors.forename: Lucinda R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Gilde
authors.forename: Larissa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wenning
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Hedy
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Teppler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019427:HIV Integrase / Q000378:metabolism*; D019428:HIV Integrase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011760:Pyrrolidinones; D012367:RNA, Viral; D000068898:Raltegravir Potassium; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D019428:HIV Integrase Inhibitors; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D011760:Pyrrolidinones; D012367:RNA, Viral; D000068898:Raltegravir Potassium; D019427:HIV Integrase