title: Antisense oligonucleotides targeting midkine induced apoptosis and increased chemosensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Overexpression of midkine (MK) has been observed in many malignancies. This aim of this study is to screen for suitable antisense oligonucleotides (ASODN) targeting MK in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and evaluate its antitumor activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten ASODN targeting MK were designed and synthesized. After transfection with ASODN, cell proliferation was analyzed with MTS[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt] assay. In addition, MK mRNA, protein levels, as well as apoptosis and caspase-3 activity were also examined in HepG2 cells. Cell proliferation was then analyzed after treatment with both ASODN and chemotherapeutic drugs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this experiment, the ASODN5 among the 10 ASODN showed higher inhibitory activity against proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. In HepG2 cells, ASODN5 could significantly reduce the MK mRNA level and protein content. After transfection with ASODN5 for 48 h, accompanied with a decline of survivin and Bcl-2 protein content, a remarkable increase of apoptosis and caspase-3 activity was observed in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, ASODN5 transfer can significantly increase chemosensitivity in HepG2 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antisense oligonucleotides targeting MK shows therapeutic effects on HCC; ASODN5 has the possibility to be developed as an effective antitumor agent.
authors.affiliation: Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou 313000, China. dlc@hzhospital.com
authors.forename: Li-cheng
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Yong-liang
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Jin-liang
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ping
authors.forename: Jian-fang
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000078792:Midkine; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020319:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D000077022:Survivin; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; D016207:Cytokines; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D020319:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000077022:Survivin; D000078792:Midkine; D053148:Caspase 3; D005472:Fluorouracil