title: A pilot study of modified cognitive-behavioral therapy for childhood traumatic grief (CBT-CTG).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This pilot study evaluated outcomes for a modified 12-session protocol of cognitive-behavioral therapy for childhood traumatic grief (CBT-CTG) conducted between March 2004 and October 2005. CTG is an emerging condition characterized by a combination of posttraumatic stress and unresolved grief symptoms. This two-module treatment model consisting of sequential trauma- and grief-focused components was shortened from a previously presented 16-session protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-nine children ages 6 to 17 years old with CTG and their parents received the modified 12-session protocol of CBT-CTG. CTG and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were assessed at pretreatment, after the trauma-focused module, and after the grief-focused module (at posttreatment). Child depression, anxiety, and behavioral symptoms, as well as parental depression and PTSD symptoms, were assessed at pre- and posttreatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children reported significant improvement in CTG, PTSD, depression, and anxiety, and parents reported significant improvement in children's PTSD, internalizing and total behavior problems, and their personal PTSD symptoms. Although PTSD significantly improved only during the trauma-focused module of treatment, CTG improved significantly during both trauma- and grief-focused modules of treatment. Child satisfaction and parent satisfaction for this treatment protocol were also high.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that the shortened CBT-CTG protocol, which is similar in the number of sessions to what many community child bereavement programs offer, may be acceptable and efficacious for this population. The CBT-CTG model requires further evaluation in randomized, controlled treatment trials.
authors.affiliation: Drexel University College of Medicine and the Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh 15212, USA. jcohen1@wpahs.org
authors.forename: Judith A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Anthony P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Mannarino
authors.forename: Virginia R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Staron
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006117:Grief; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires