title: Burst-shot infrared digital photography to determine scotopic pupil diameter.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the usefulness of infrared digital photography for determining scotopic pupil size by comparing infrared digital photography with a Colvard pupillometer (Oasis Medical).
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Ophthalmology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Scotopic pupil size in 50 eyes of 25 healthy individuals was measured with a Colvard pupillometer and a digital camera (DSC-F828) using infrared burst shots after 5 minutes of dark adaptation. Measurements were performed by 2 independent examiners (E1 and E2). The digital photograph images were read using the ruler function of Adobe Photoshop 7.0 by 2 independent readers (R1 and R2). Agreement and repeatability were analyzed using the comparison method described by Bland and Altman.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean scotopic pupil diameter measured using the Colvard pupillometer was 6.69 mm +/- 0.78 (SD) (E1) and 6.70 +/- 0.71 mm (E2). The mean scotopic pupil diameter measured from the digital photograph images was 6.67 +/- 0.75 mm (E1) and 6.66 +/- 0.78 mm (E2). The mean difference between E1 and E2 with both devices was small; however, the result with the infrared digital camera was marginally smaller than with the Colvard pupillometer. The limits of agreement were -0.01 +/- 0.70 mm with the Colvard pupillometer and 0.01 +/- 0.20 mm with the digital photograph image. The digital photograph image showed better agreement. The coefficient of interrater repeatability was smaller for the digital photograph image (0.39) than for the Colvard pupillometer (0.70).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Scotopic pupil measurement using an infrared digital camera with a burst shot had good agreement with the Colvard pupillometer and better repeatability. The infrared digital camera is less expensive, and pupil unrest can be overcome by taking serial images.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
authors.forename: Hongseok
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Marvin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jun Bum
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jaehong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ahn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003623:Dark Adaptation / Q000502:physiology*; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological / Q000295:instrumentation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007259:Infrared Rays; D007498:Iris / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008297:Male; D010781:Photography / Q000379:methods*; D011680:Pupil / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted