title: Repeat 18F-FDG PET for monitoring neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The relevance of (18)F-FDG PET for staging non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), in particular for the detection of lymph node or distant metastases, has been shown in several studies. The value of FDG-PET for therapy monitoring in NSCLC, in contrast, has not yet been sufficiently analysed. Aim of this study was to evaluate FDG-PET for monitoring treatment response during and after neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (NARCT) in advanced NSCLC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-five patients with histologically proven NSCLC stage III initially underwent three FDG-PET investigations, during NARCT prior to initiating radiation, and post-NARCT. Changes of FDG-uptake in the primary tumour at two time-points during NARCT were analysed concerning their impact on long-term survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean maximum FDG uptake (standardized uptake value, SUVmax) of the whole group decreased significantly during NARCT (SUVmax PET 1: 14.9+/-4.0, SUVmax PET 3: 5.5+/-2.4, p=0.004). The difference between initial FDG uptake (PET 1) and uptake after induction chemotherapy (PET 2) was found to be highly predictive for long-term survival patients which had a greater than 60% decreases in their SUV change had a significantly longer survival than those below this threshold (5-year-survival 60% versus 15%, p=0.0007). Patients who had a lower than 25% decrease in their SUV change had a 5-years-survival lower than 5%. Furthermore, the difference between initial FDG uptake (PET 1) and uptake after completion of the whole NARCT (PET 3) was predictive for survival when 75% was applied as cut-off (p=0.02). However, the level of significance was considerably lower.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FDG-PET is suitable for therapy monitoring in patients with stage III NSCLC. The decrease of FDG uptake during induction chemotherapy is highly predictive for patient outcome.
authors.affiliation: University of Tuebingen, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tuebingen, Germany. susanne-martina.eschmann@med.uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Eschmann
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Friedel
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paulsen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reimold
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hehr
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Budach
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dittmann
authors.forename: H-J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Langen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bares
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D016190:Carboplatin; D017239:Paclitaxel