title: Serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and leptin levels are related to abdominal aortic intima-media thickness in macrosomic newborns.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Exposure to diabetes in utero has been established as a significant risk factor for some of the components of metabolic syndrome, and was associated with increased levels of maternal, placental, and fetal insulin-like growth factors and leptin. The atherogenic effects of leptin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) have been extensively described. The present study was therefore designed to investigate relationships between abdominal aortic intima-media thickness (aIMT), serum IGF-I, IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and leptin levels in macrosomic newborns.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neonates whose birth weights exceed 90th percentile for gestational age and gender are termed macrosomic. Abdominal aortic intima-media thickness was measured in 30 macrosomic neonates of diabetic mothers (group A), 30 macrosomic neonates of healthy mothers (group B) and 30 healthy neonates (group C). Serum IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and leptin levels were determined in all infants and their mothers. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent risk factors for aortic intima-media thickness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean aortic intima-media thickness was significantly higher in groups A and B (0.489+/-0.015,0.466+/-0.019 mm, respectively) than in controls (0.375+/-0.024 mm, p<0.0001). Weight-adjusted aortic intima-media thickness was significantly higher in-group A than in groups B (p=0.004) and C (p=0.048). Serum leptin concentration in-group B (37.4+/-10.7 ng/ml) was significantly greater than in-group C (23.5+/-7.1 ng/ml, p<0.0001), but significantly lower than in-group A (46.6+/-14.1 ng/ml, p<0.0001). Serum IGF-I levels of the infants were significantly lower in-group C (113.2+/-33.1 ng/ml) than in groups A and B (205.2+/-60.1 and 179.3+/-55.1 ng/ml respectively, p<0.0001). Serum IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and leptin levels of the infants were positively correlated with mean (p<0.0001) and weight-adjusted aortic intima-media thickness measurements (p=0.003, p=0.006 and p=0.001, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Macrosomic neonates of diabetic mothers have significantly increased aortic intima-media thickness with higher serum IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and leptin concentrations than those of controls. It might be speculated that these changes may exaggerate the atherosclerotic process later in life.
authors.affiliation: Erciyes University, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey. esad@erciyes.edu.tr
authors.forename: Esad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Koklu
authors.forename: Selim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kurtoglu
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akcakus
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yikilmaz
authors.forename: Tamer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gunes
mesh_terms: D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D001724:Birth Weight; D005260:Female; D005320:Fetal Macrosomia / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis*; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: C515497:IGFBP3 protein, human; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins; D020738:Leptin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I