Genomic approaches to early embryogenesis and stem cell biology.
Large-scale systematic gene expression analyses of early embryos and stem cells provide useful information to identify genes expressed differentially or uniquely in these cells. We review the current status of various approaches applied to preimplantation embryos and stem cells: expressed sequence tag, serial analysis of gene expression, differential display, massively parallel signature sequencing, DNA microarray (DNA chip) analysis, and chromatin-immunoprecipitation microarrays. We also discuss the biological questions that can only be addressed by the analysis of global gene expression patterns, such as so-called stemness and developmental potency. As the emphasis now shifts from expression profiling to functional studies, we review the genome-scale functional studies of genes: expression cloning, gene trapping, RNA interference, and gene disruptions. Finally, we discuss the future clinical application of such methodologies.
Aiba
Kazuhiro
K
Developmental Genomics and Aging Section, Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224-6820, USA.
Carter
Mark G
MG
Matoba
Ryo
R
Ko
Minoru S H
MS
D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular / Q000379:methods; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000502:physiology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization / Q000379:methods; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D019151:Peptide Library; D034622:RNA Interference; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
D019151:Peptide Library