Human adenovirus 36 induces adiposity, increases insulin sensitivity, and alters hypothalamic monoamines in rats.
OBJECTIVE
Human adenovirus 36 (Ad-36) increases adiposity and reduces serum lipids in chicken, mouse, and non-human primate models, and it is linked to obesity in sero-epidemiological studies in humans. Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) or adipose tissue in the mechanism of Ad-36-induced adiposity is unknown. The effects of Ad-36 on adiposity and on the neuroendocrine system were investigated in a rat model.


METHODS
Five-week-old male Wistar rats were inoculated intraperitoneally with Ad-36 or medium.


RESULTS
Despite similar food intakes, infected rats attained significantly greater body weight and fat pad weight by 30 weeks post-inoculation. Epididymal-inguinal, retroperitoneal, and visceral fat pad weights of the infected group were greater by 60%, 46%, and 86%, respectively (p < 0.00001). The fasting serum insulin level and homeostasis model assessment index indicated greater insulin sensitivity in the infected group. Visceral adipose tissue expression of glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha and beta was markedly increased in the infected animals compared with controls. Ad-36 decreased norepinephrine levels significantly in the paraventricular nucleus in infected vs. control rats (mean +/- standard error, 8.9 +/- 1.1 vs. 12.8 +/- 1.2 pg/microg protein; p < 0.05). Ad-36 markedly decreased serum corticosterone in infected vs. control rats (mean +/- standard error, 97 +/- 41.0 vs. 221 +/- 111 ng/mL; p < 0.005).


CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that the pro-adipogenic effect of Ad-36 may involve peripheral as well as central effects. The male Wistar rat is a good model for the elucidation of metabolic and molecular mechanisms of Ad-36-induced adiposity.
Pasarica
Magdalena
M
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
Shin
Andrew C
AC
Yu
Minghuan
M
Ou Yang
Hui-Mei
HM
Rathod
Miloni
M
Jen
K-L Catherine
KL
MohanKumar
Sheba
S
MohanKumar
Puliyur S
PS
Markward
Nathan
N
Dhurandhar
Nikhil V
NV
D000258:Adenovirus Infections, Human / Q000150:complications*; D000260:Adenoviruses, Human; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D022763:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D022782:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta / Q000378:metabolism; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D009765:Obesity / Q000821:virology*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D010286:Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015430:Weight Gain
D022763:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha; D022782:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta; D007328:Insulin; D047495:PPAR gamma; D003345:Corticosterone; D009638:Norepinephrine