title: A study of CSF catecholamine and its metabolites in acute and convalescent period of encephalitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) catecholamine (CA) and its metabolites in encephalitis patients in acute and convalescent period and correlate these with clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with acute encephalitis diagnosed on the basis of clinical, CSF, MRI and virological parameters underwent detailed neurological evaluation including Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Dystonia Rating Scale. Cranial MRI was carried out and CSF dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) levels were estimated by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The CSF catecholamine levels were compared with convalescent phase as well as with controls. These levels were also correlated with parkinsonian features, dystonia and radiological abnormalities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 29 encephalitis patients; whose age ranged between 2 and 65 years, 4 were females and 11 children. 25 patients had Japanese encephalitis (JE) and 4 nonspecific encephalitis. The mean GCS score was 8 and 13 had seizures. Movement disorders were present in 13 patients and included parkinsonian features in 5, dystonia in 1 and combination of both in 7 patients. MRI revealed abnormalities in 15 out of 21 patients and included thalamic lesion in 10, globus pallidus in 4, putamen in 5, caudate in 4 and midbrain in 9 patients. In acute stage NE, DOPAC, 5HT and HVA levels were significantly lower compared to controls. NE levels significantly correlated with dystonia and thalamic lesions. Convalescent CSF study revealed significantly lower levels of DOPAC compared to acute phase. CSF catecholamine levels in encephalitis patients with and without movement disorders were not significantly different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In encephalitis, catecholamine and its metabolites are lower in acute and convalescent phase. Norepinephrine level correlates with dystonia and thalamic lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi PGIMS, Lucknow, 226014 India.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kalita
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vijaykumar
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Palit
authors.forename: U K
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Misra
mesh_terms: D015102:3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006719:Homovanillic Acid / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D015102:3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; D006719:Homovanillic Acid