title: Long-term effects of hemostatic variables on fatal coronary heart disease: 30-year results from the first prospective Northwick Park Heart Study (NPHS-I).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The long-term associations of established risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD), for example cholesterol, are well known, but not for the less familiar hemostatic variables.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To establish whether associations between hemostatic variables and CHD first identified nearly three decades ago have persisted long-term.
  
  
  METHODS
  The first Northwick Park Heart Study (NPHS-I) recruited 2167 white men and 941 white women, average age at entry 48 years, on whom measures of factor (F) VII activity (VIIc) and plasma fibrinogen were carried out, both at entry and at follow-up approximately 6 years later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a median follow-up of 29 years, 231 male and 36 female CHD deaths were recorded from notifications by the Office for National Statistics. VIIc at recruitment was significantly related to CHD mortality, corrected rate ratio, RR, per 1 SD increase 1.56 (95% CI 1.29, 1.88) in men and RR 1.78 (95% CI 1.17, 2.72) in women. Recruitment fibrinogen was also strongly related to CHD mortality in men, RR 1.63 (95% CI 1.33, 1.99) but not in women, RR 0.75 (95% CI 0.40, 1.43). The associations persisted after controlling for confounders and were confirmed using 6-year follow-up measurements and in analyses omitting deaths within 10 years of recruitment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hemostatic system contributes to CHD mortality, and its effect is stable over time. For VIIc, the effect was similar in men and women, while for fibrinogen it appeared to be present only in men.
authors.affiliation: Medical Statistics Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: De Stavola
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Meade
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000941:Antigens / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D005167:Factor VII; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006487:Hemostasis; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D015415:Biomarkers; C042580:factor VII clotting antigen; D005167:Factor VII; D005340:Fibrinogen