title: Asthma: new developments concerning immune mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This brief review discusses how recent research may modify our understanding of the immunology of asthma. Consideration is given to the possible impact that these observations may have upon diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  New studies indicate that current conceptions regarding the balance between Th1 and Th2 systems may need modification. The relationship between infection and the development of asthma in children has proven to be much more complex than originally suggested by the 'hygiene hypothesis'. In addition, important genetic differences have been found in the response of asthmatic patients to therapeutic agents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Greater insight into the mechanisms responsible for asthma and the introduction of new drugs will depend in part upon the development of reliable and simple methods for detecting airway inflammation. As the immunologic aspects of asthma are dissected, we can expect that many more potential targets for treatment will be discovered, but treatment may have to be individualized for genetic differences between different individuals.
authors.affiliation: Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA. reffros@labiomed.org
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Effros
authors.forename: Hari
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagaraj
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012106:Research / Q000639:trends; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology