title: Beta-blockers reduce the risk of early death in ischemic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Beta-blockers reduce mortality in patients after myocardial infarction. Experimental studies suggest that beta-blockers have also neuroprotective properties. The aim of this study was to assess if use of beta-blockers is associated with reduced risk of early death in ischemic stroke patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective data analysis of 841 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to the stroke unit within 24 h after stroke onset.
  
  
  RESULTS
  10.6% of patients received beta-blockers during hospitalization. Thirty-day case fatality was significantly lower in patients treated with beta-blockers than in those not treated with beta-blockers (6.8% versus 19.0%, P < 0.01). After adjustment for other prognostic factors, the use of beta-blockers was associated with reduced risk of early death (relative hazard 0.37, 95% confidence interval 0.16-0.84) independently of age, stroke severity, fasting glucose, total cholesterol level and pneumonia. When patients who died of cardiovascular causes were excluded from the analysis, the use of beta-blocker was no longer significantly associated with risk of death (P = 0.12).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a retrospective series the use of beta-blockers was associated with reduced risk of early death in patients with ischemic stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University, Botaniczna 3, 31-503 Krakow, Poland. Dziedzic@cm-uj.krakow.pl
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dziedzic
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Slowik
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pera
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szczudlik
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003643:Death; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists