title: Determination of UV filters and antimicrobial agents in environmental water samples.
abstract: Although there is increasing concern about residues from personal care products entering the aquatic environment and their potential to accumulate to levels that pose a health threat to humans and wildlife, we still know little about the extent and magnitude of their presence in the aquatic environment. In this study we describe a procedure for isolation, and subsequent determination, of compounds commonly added to personal care products. The compounds of interest include UV filters with the commercial name Eusolex (homosalate, 4-methylbenzylidenecamphor, benzophenone-3, octocrylene, butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate) and two common anti-microbial agents, clorophene and triclosan. Water samples were filtered, acidified, and extracted by use of solid-phase extraction. Extracted compounds were then derivatised before analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. By use of our method we obtained limits of detection of 13-266 ng L(-1) for UV filters, and 10-186 ng L(-1) for triclosan and clorophene. Recoveries were 82-98% for deionised water and 50-98% for natural water (seawater, pool water, lake water, and river water). Samples collected in Slovenia included seventeen recreational waters (seawater, pool water, lake water, and river water; August 2004) and four wastewaters (January 2005). The most abundant UV filter was benzophenone-3 (11-400 ng L(-1)). Of the two anti-microbial agents studied, trace amounts, only, of triclosan were present in the river Kolpa (68 ng L(-1)) and in an hospital effluent (122 ng L(-1)).
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva cesta 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. petra.cuderman@ijs.si
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cuderman
authors.forename: Ester
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Heath
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D004003:Dichlorophen / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D015394:Molecular Structure; D014260:Triclosan / Q000737:chemistry; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; D014260:Triclosan; C004660:clorophene; D004003:Dichlorophen