title: Racial/Ethnic and socioeconomic differences in multiple risk factors for heart disease and stroke in women: behavioral risk factor surveillance system, 2003.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in multiple risk factors for heart disease and stroke among women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 153,466 adult women in the 2003 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a telephone survey of U.S. adults, were used to assess the prevalence of multiple (i.e., >or=2 of diabetes, current smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, or physical inactivity) risk factors for heart disease and stroke. Descriptive and multivariable analyses assessed differences in multiple risk factors among racial/ethnic and socioeconomic groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More than one third (36.5%) of all women had multiple risk factors. The age-standardized prevalence of multiple risk factors was lowest in whites and Asians. After adjustment for age, income, education, and health coverage, the odds for multiple risk factors was greater in black (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.42-1.64) and Native American women (1.36, 95% CI = 1.11-1.67) and lower for Hispanic women (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.76-0.91) compared with white women. Prevalence estimates and odds of multiple risk factors increased with age; decreased with education, income, and employment; and were lower in those with no health coverage. Smoking was more common in younger women, whereas older women were more likely to have medical conditions (high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or diabetes) and be physically inactive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Over one third of U.S. women have two or more risk factors for heart disease and stroke. Prevention programs that target risk reduction are especially critical to decrease the burden of heart disease and stroke in these higher-risk U.S. women.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Centers for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. dhayes@cdc.gov
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Denny
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Keenan
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Croft
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sundaram
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Greenlund
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology; D040343:Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D016387:Women's Health / Q000208:ethnology*