title: Anatomical path of the tension-free vaginal tape: reassessing current teachings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to revisit the anatomical path of the tension-free vaginal tape and better describe its relationship to the perineal membrane and other important anatomic landmarks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dissections of the anterior perineal triangle, periurethral, and retropubic spaces were performed in 24 unembalmed female cadavers following placement of the tension-free vaginal tape to identify the sling's relationship to the perineal membrane, periurethral muscles, and the arcus tendineus fascia pelvis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 100% of specimens, the device passed cephalad to the perineal membrane. The urethrovaginal sphincter muscle was perforated in 2 of the specimens. The sling passed lateral to the arcus tendineus and perforated the pubococcygeus muscle in 6 (25%) of the cadavers. In the remaining 18 (75%) specimens, the mesh was medial to the arcus tendineus and penetrated the periurethral connective tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The assertion that the tension-free vaginal tape perforates the perineal membrane is incorrect.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: David D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Rahn
authors.forename: Spyridon I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Marinis
authors.forename: Joseph I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Schaffer
authors.forename: Marlene M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Corton
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002102:Cadaver; D004210:Dissection; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008566:Membranes / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010502:Perineum / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D053832:Surgical Tape / Q000009:adverse effects; D014521:Urethra / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000601:surgery; D014621:Vagina / Q000033:anatomy & histology*