title: Muscularity and adiposity in addition to net acid excretion as predictors of 24-h urinary pH in young adults and elderly.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In patients with nephrolithiasis, an inverse relationship between 24-h urinary pH (24h-UpH) and body weight has been reported. Whether body composition indices and 24h-UpH are similarly associated in healthy subjects needs investigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional, retrospective analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dortmund, Germany and Gothenburg, Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy young adults (18-23 years; n=117) and elderly (55-75 years; n=85) having a mean body mass index (BMI) of 22.80+/-3.4 and 25.3+/-3.9 kg/m2, respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anthropometric data, 24h-UpH, and 24-h urinary excretion rates of net acid (NAE), creatinine, and urea were determined. After adjusting for urea (reflecting protein intake), renal creatinine output was used as a biochemical marker for muscularity. The BMI served as a marker of adiposity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NAE, body weight, and BMI were significantly (P<0.05) higher, and height and creatinine significantly lower in the elderly, whereas body-surface area (BSA) was not different. Step-wise multiple regression analysis using BSA-corrected urinary variables revealed NAE as the primary predictor of 24h-UpH (with R2 values of 0.64 and 0.68 in young adults and elderly, respectively, P<0.0001), followed by urea (P<0.0001), creatinine (P<0.05), and BMI (P<0.05 for the young adults and P=0.12 for the elderly). These associations were negative for NAE and BMI, and positive for urea and creatinine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Muscularity (i.e. creatinine adjusted for urea) and particularly in the group of young adults, adiposity (i.e. BMI) proved to be modest, but significant predictors of 24h-UpH. Future research should focus on more obese subjects in whom insulin resistance and particular kidney functions should also be examined to further substantiate the role of obesity in low-urine pH-associated conditions, for example, nephrolithiasis.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Child Nutrition, Dortmund, Germany. remer@fke-do.de
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Remer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berkemeyer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rylander
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vormann
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D053040:Nephrolithiasis / Q000209:etiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014508:Urea / Q000652:urine; D016482:Urinalysis; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D014508:Urea; D003404:Creatinine