title: The asthma trigger inventory: validation of a questionnaire for perceived triggers of asthma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Asthma patients' perceptions of triggers have been explored in a largely unstructured fashion in the past. We therefore developed and validated a questionnaire of commonly perceived asthma triggers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred forty-seven primary care patients with asthma filled in an asthma trigger survey together with questionnaires on demographics, asthma-relevant information, perceived control of asthma, and general health status. Factor structure of the item pool and psychometric properties of trigger subscales were evaluated. We also investigated the relationship between allergen or psychological trigger reports and allergy skin test response or respiratory impedance during emotional film viewing, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Principal component analysis yielded six factors that were thematically associated with psychology, animal allergens, pollen allergens, physical activity, infection, and air pollution/irritants. Subscales showed good internal consistencies and low to moderately positive intercorrelations. Psychological triggers were consistently associated with less favorable health status, a reduced perception of asthma control, and greater medical treatment utilization. Animal allergen scores correlated positively with skin test responses to animal allergens. Respiratory impedance increases during emotional film clips were positively correlated with the psychological trigger subscale.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The questionnaire is a reliable measure of commonly perceived asthma triggers. Aspects of patients' trigger reports reflect actual reactivity to specific trigger factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, P.O. Box 750442, Dallas, TX 75275-0442, USA. tritz@smu.edu
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ritz
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steptoe
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bobb
authors.forename: Alexander H S
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Edwards
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006296:Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006304:Health Status; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D012882:Skin Tests; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires