title: Toxicity of cerium oxide nanoparticles in human lung cancer cells.
abstract: With the fast development of nanotechnology, the nanomaterials start to cause people's attention for potential toxic effect. In this paper, the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress caused by 20-nm cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles in cultured human lung cancer cells was investigated. The sulforhodamine B method was employed to assess cell viability after exposure to 3.5, 10.5, and 23.3 microg/ml of CeO2 nanoparticles for 24, 48, and 72 h. Cell viability decreased significantly as a function of nanoparticle dose and exposure time. Indicators of oxidative stress and cytotoxicity, including total reactive oxygen species, glutathione, malondialdehyde, alpha-tocopherol, and lactate dehydrogenase, were quantitatively assessed. It is concluded from the results that free radicals generated by exposure to 3.5 to 23.3 microg/ml CeO2 nanoparticles produce significant oxidative stress in the cells, as reflected by reduced glutathione and alpha-tocopherol levels; the toxic effects of CeO2 nanoparticles are dose dependent and time dependent; elevated oxidative stress increases the production of malondialdehyde and lactate dehydrogenase, which are indicators of lipid peroxidation and cell membrane damage, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Center for Emerging Contaminants, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA.
authors.forename: Weisheng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yue-Wern
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Xiao-Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yinfa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002563:Cerium / Q000633:toxicity*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008175:Lung Neoplasms; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002563:Cerium; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C030583:ceric oxide; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D005978:Glutathione; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol