title: Heavy daily smoking among under 18-year-old psychiatric inpatients is associated with increased risk for suicide attempts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between heavy daily smoking and suicidality among adolescent psychiatric inpatients in Finland.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from 411 patients (age 12-17 years) admitted to inpatient psychiatric hospitalization between April 2001 and July 2005. The number of daily cigarettes (>15) and the time of first cigarette after waking up (within 30 min) were used as indicators of heavy daily smoking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjusting for psychiatric diagnoses an over twofold risk for suicide attempts was found among adolescents who smoked over 15 cigarettes a day. Additionally, if an adolescent also smoked the first cigarette immediately after waking up the risk was over threefold. Suicidal ideation was not associated with smoking behaviour.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among adolescents with severe psychiatric illnesses, heavy daily smoking may increase the risk of suicidal behaviour independently of current psychiatric diagnosis. The degree of nicotine dependence of an adolescent should therefore be carefully assessed as part of psychiatric evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Box 5000, 90014 University of Oulu, Finland. kaisa.riala@oulu.fi
authors.forename: Kaisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Riala
authors.forename: Kaisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Viilo
authors.forename: Helinä
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hakko
authors.forename: Pirkko
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Räsänen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*