title: Dose-ranging study of lutein supplementation in persons aged 60 years or older.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the dose-response relationship between oral lutein supplementation and serum lutein concentrations in persons aged 60 years and older, with or without age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five participants with no AMD, large drusen, or advanced AMD, were randomized to receive one of three doses (2.5, 5, or 10 mg) of lutein for 6 months and to be observed for 6 additional months after the cessation of lutein supplementation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the participants (33 women) was 71 years (range: 60-91). The serum lutein concentrations of each dose group were similar before supplementation, increased at 1 month, and peaked by 3 months. Median serum concentrations of the 2.5-, 5-, and 10-mg groups from baseline to month 6 increased from 18.7 to 35.1 microg/dL (2-fold increase), from 17.8 to 59.2 microg/dL (2.9-fold increase), and from 15.1 to 66.8 microg/dL (4-fold increase), respectively (all P < 0.001). The increases in lutein serum concentrations did not vary with AMD disease severity (P = 0.98). No toxicity was observed with any dose of lutein. No significant changes were detected in visual acuity or visual field tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increasing doses of lutein supplements significantly increased the serum levels of lutein and zeaxanthin, and doses up to 10 mg were safely administered. A long-term large clinical trial is necessary to investigate the safety and efficacy of lutein in reducing the risk of the development of advanced AMD.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Trials Branch, Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Julie M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: Jonghyeon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Monasterio
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Monastario
authors.forename: Darby J S
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bone
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Landrum
authors.forename: Fabiana F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: de Moura
authors.forename: Frederick
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Khachik
authors.forename: Huiping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Rosemary L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Schleicher
authors.forename: Frederick L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Ferris
authors.forename: Emily Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Chew
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D014975:Lutein / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014794:Visual Fields; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000097:blood; D065146:Zeaxanthins
chemical_list: D024341:Xanthophylls; D065146:Zeaxanthins; D014975:Lutein