title: Risk-factor profile for the incidence of subarachnoid and intracerebral haemorrhage, cerebral infarction, and unspecified stroke during 21 years' follow-up in men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the risk-factor profile for the incidence of non-fatal and fatal stroke among middle-aged men according to the stroke subtypes subarachnoid or intracerebral haemorrhage, cerebral infarction, and unspecified stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study design is a prospective cohort study. A total of 16,209 men aged 40-49 years resident in Oslo were screened for cardiovascular disease risk factors in 1972-73. Of these, 14,403 men had no cardiovascular symptoms or diseases or diabetes. The incidence of stroke after 21 years of follow-up of all men was extracted from hospital records and linkage to Statistics Norway.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 429 non-fatal and 107 fatal stroke events were registered. Case fatality within 28 days (number and percentage of cases) was 51% (41, 7.7%) for subarachnoid haemorrhage, 39% (67, 12.6%) for cerebral haemorrhage, 10% (246, 46.3%) for cerebral infarct, and 19% (177, 33.4%) for unspecified stroke. Risk of stroke (not subarachnoid haemorrhage) increased with the presence of symptoms or a history of cardiovascular disease or diabetes. In multivariate analysis of men without CVD or diabetes, high blood pressure was a risk factor for all subtypes of stroke; furthermore, daily smoking was a risk factor for all subtypes except subarachnoid haemorrhage. Serum cholesterol and glucose concentrations and height (inverse association) were independently associated with cerebral infarction. Smoking was a significantly stronger predictor of fatal than non-fatal events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk-factor profile differed according to the underlying subtype of stroke. Cerebral infarction clearly shared with myocardial infarction the classical risk factors, including non-fasting glucose concentration.
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services, Oslo, Norway. Lise.Lund.Haheim@nokc.no
authors.forename: Lise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lund Håheim
authors.forename: Ingar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Holme
authors.forename: Ingvar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hjermann
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tonstad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D016019:Survival Analysis