title: Do gap junctions play a role in nerve transmissions as well as pacing in mouse intestine?
abstract: Varicosities of nitrergic and other nerves end on deep muscular plexus interstitial cells of Cajal or on CD34-positive, c-kit-negative fibroblast-like cells. Both cell types connect to outer circular muscle by gap junctions, which may transmit nerve messages to muscle. We tested the hypotheses that gap junctions transmit pacing messages from interstitial cells of Cajal of the myenteric plexus. Effects of inhibitors of gap junction conductance were studied on paced contractions and nerve transmissions in small segments of circular muscle of mouse intestine. Using electrical field stimulation parameters (50 V/cm, 5 pps, and 0.5 ms) which evoke near maximal responses to nitrergic, cholinergic, and apamin-sensitive nerve stimulation, we isolated inhibitory responses to nitrergic nerves, inhibitory responses to apamin-sensitive nerves and excitatory responses to cholinergic nerves. 18beta-Glycyrrhetinic acid (10, 30, and 100 microM), octanol (0.1, 0.3, and 1 mM) and gap peptides (300 microM of (40)Gap27, (43)Gap26, (37,43)Gap27) all failed to abolish neurotransmission. 18beta-Glycyrrhetinic acid inhibited frequencies of paced contractions, likely owing to inhibition of l-type Ca(2+) channels in smooth muscle, but octanol or gap peptides did not. 18beta-Glycyrrhetinic acid and octanol, but not gap peptides, reduced the amplitudes of spontaneous and nerve-induced contractions. These reductions paralleled reductions in contractions to exogenous carbachol. Additional experiments with gap peptides in both longitudinal and circular muscle segments after N(G)-nitro-l-arginine and TTX revealed no effects on pacing frequencies. We conclude that gap junction coupling may not be necessary for pacing or nerve transmission to the circular muscle of the mouse intestine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. edaniel@ualberta.ca
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.forename: Ahmed El
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Yazbi
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mannarino
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Galante
authors.forename: Geoffrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Boddy
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Livergant
authors.forename: Tahereh Eteraf
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Oskouei
mesh_terms: D020003:1-Octanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001030:Apamin / Q000494:pharmacology; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D017630:Connexins / Q000737:chemistry; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D017629:Gap Junctions / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006034:Glycyrrhetinic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019335:Nitroarginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D017630:Connexins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D019335:Nitroarginine; D001030:Apamin; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D001285:Atropine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D002217:Carbachol; D020003:1-Octanol; D006034:Glycyrrhetinic Acid