title: Efficacy of primary hormonal therapy for patients with localized and locally advanced prostate cancer: a retrospective multicenter study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A retrospective review of patients with localized and locally advanced prostate cancer was performed to evaluate the efficacy of primary hormonal therapy and predict long-term prognosis in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 628 patients who were diagnosed with stage T1c to T3 prostate cancer were treated with primary hormonal therapy at participating institutions. The patients were classified based on pretreatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, Gleason score, and time to nadir PSA level. Disease-specific and progression-free survival rates were investigated, and compared among the subgroups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of patients was 74.5 years, and median pretreatment PSA level was 14.0 ng/mL. A total of 399 patients (63.5%) were treated with combined androgen blockade (CAB), and 229 patients (36.5%) were treated with castration monotherapy. The disease-specific survival rate of all 628 patients was 89.1% at 8 years. The group that showed a good response to primary hormonal therapy (Group G, pretreatment PSA level < or =20 ng/mL, Gleason score < or =7, and time to nadir PSA < or =6 months) accounted for approximately one-third of the total number of T1c-T3 patients. Disease-specific and progression-free survival rates at 8 years in Group G were 98.9% and 82.0%, respectively. These rates increased to 100% and 87.3%, respectively, in patients receiving CAB treatment in Group G.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate the usefulness of primary hormonal therapy, especially CAB treatment, for patients showing a good response to hormonal therapy in long-term control of localized and locally advanced prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Namiki
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukagai
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ehara
authors.forename: Michiyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Usami
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akaza
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D018450:Disease Progression; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000819:agonists*; D006728:Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D006728:Hormones; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone