title: Clinical features and hormonal profiles of cloprostenol-induced early abortions in heifers monitored by ultrasonography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study describes the clinical features and plasma profiles of bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein 1 (bPAG1), the main metabolite of prostaglandin F2alpha (PG metabolite) and progesterone (P4) in heifers in which early abortions were induced.
  
  
  METHODS
  Early abortions were induced in four heifers with cloprostenol and monitored by ultrasonography. Blood samples were collected and the plasma were analyzed for bPAG 1, P4 and PG metabolite.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The foetal heartbeat rates varied from 170-186 beats per minute for all foetuses up to the date of cloprostenol treatment. Foetal death was confirmed within two days after cloprostenol treatment. Prior to cloprostenol injection, blood plasma concentrations of bPAG1, PG metabolite and P4 varied from 8.4-40.0 ng/mL, 158-275 pmol/L and 20.7-46.9 nmol/L, respectively. After the foetus expelled, the plasma level of bPAG1 began to decrease but the decrease was small and gradual. The estimated half-life of bPAG1 was 1.8-6.6 days. The plasma level of the PG metabolite started to have short lasting peaks (above 300 pmol/L) within three hours after cloprostenol treatment. The plasma concentrations of P4 dropped sharply to less than 4 nmol/L after 24 hours of cloprostenol injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current findings indicated that after early closprostenol-induced foetal death, the plasma concentration of bPAG1 decreased gradually and showed a tendency of variation with the stages of pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden. fikre_lobago@yahoo.com <fikre_lobago@yahoo.com>
authors.forename: Fikre
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lobago
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
authors.forename: Merga
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bekana
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Beckers
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kindahl
mesh_terms: D000028:Abortion, Induced / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases / Q000097:blood*; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D003008:Cloprostenol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011247:Pregnancy; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D011257:Pregnancy Proteins; D003008:Cloprostenol; D011374:Progesterone; D015237:Dinoprost; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases; C094766:pregnancy-associated glycoprotein 1