title: Risk and presenting features of prostate cancer amongst African-Caribbean, South Asian and European men in North-east London.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether there are ethnic differences in the incidence and presenting features of all patients with prostate cancer presenting in North-east London, UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  All newly diagnosed men with prostate cancer between 1999 and 2000 who were resident in the East London and City Health Authority were identified from various sources. Key clinical features were extracted from hospital records. The age-adjusted incidence rates for European, South Asian and African-Caribbean patients were calculated using census denominator data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For men aged >50 years the annual age-adjusted incidence rates (95% confidence interval) were 213 (186-240), 647 (504-789) and 199 (85-310) for the European, African-Caribbean and South Asian patients, respectively. African-Caribbean men had a three times greater risk (risk ratio 3.07, 2.40-3.93, P < 0.001) than European men. South Asian men had a lower risk of prostate cancer but this could have been compatible with chance. There was no evidence of marked ethnic differences for prostate-specific antigen levels, clinical staging and Gleason scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The greater risk of prostate cancer for African-Caribbean men in South-east England is consistent with data from the USA and the Caribbean. Future work needs to determine whether this risk differs according to country of origin, and which genetic and/or environmental risk factors might be important in explaining these observations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Barts and the London NHS Trust, London, UK. Frank.Chinegwundoh@nhs.net
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chinegwundoh
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Enver
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Vinod
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nargund
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: Yoav
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ben-Shlomo
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa / Q000208:ethnology; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001208:Asia / Q000208:ethnology; D005060:Europe / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology*; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000208:ethnology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014900:West Indies / Q000208:ethnology
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen