title: A multiple-center survey on the use in clinical practice of noninvasive ventilation as a first-line intervention for acute respiratory distress syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In randomized studies of heterogeneous patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure, noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) was associated with a significant reduction in endotracheal intubation. The role of NPPV in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is still unclear. The objective was to investigate the application of NPPV as a first-line intervention in patients with early ARDS, describing what happens in everyday clinical practice in centers having expertise with NPPV.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, multiple-center cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three European intensive care units having expertise with NPPV.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between March 2002 and April 2004, 479 patients with ARDS were admitted to the intensive care units. Three hundred and thirty-two ARDS patients were already intubated, so 147 were eligible for the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Application of NPPV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NPPV improved gas exchange and avoided intubation in 79 patients (54%). Avoidance of intubation was associated with less ventilator-associated pneumonia (2% vs. 20%; p < .001) and a lower intensive care unit mortality rate (6% vs. 53%; p < .001). Intubation was more likely in patients who were older (p = .02), had a higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II (p < .001), or needed a higher level of positive end-expiratory pressure (p = .03) and pressure support ventilation (p = .02). Only SAPS II >34 and a Pao2/Fio2 < or =175 after 1 hr of NPPV were independently associated with NPPV failure and need for endotracheal intubation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In expert centers, NPPV applied as first-line intervention in ARDS avoided intubation in 54% of treated patients. A SAPS II >34 and the inability to improve Pao2/Fio2 after 1 hr of NPPV were predictors of failure.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Policlinico A. Gemelli, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy. m.antonelli@rm.unicatt.it
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antonelli
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esquinas
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Montini
authors.forename: Salvatore Maurizio
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Maggiore
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bello
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rocco
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maviglia
authors.forename: Mariano Alberto
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pennisi
authors.forename: Gumersindo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Diaz
authors.forename: Gianfranco Umberto
authors.initials: GU
authors.lastname: Meduri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D003663:Decision Trees; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange; D012372:ROC Curve; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome