title: An inquiry into medication meanings, illness, medication use, and the transformative potential of chronic illness among African Americans with hypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypertension is a chronic illness with serious economic and clinical consequences. The asymptomatic nature of this condition contributes to the challenge of persistent medication use.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this qualitative study were to explore perceptions of medication meanings, illness, identity, and biographical disruption among people with hypertension, and to examine how salient themes and categories relate to medication use.
  
  
  METHODS
  In-person interviews were conducted with 20 participants. Eligibility criteria included being 18 years or older, diagnosed with hypertension, and currently taking antihypertensive drug treatment. Interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed. Data were analyzed with grounded theory methodology using coding techniques and constant comparison.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All participants were African American and most were between 45 and 64 years. Key themes including perceptions of the medication being effective, lifesaving, part of life, and a reminder of the regimen were found to have a positive impact on medication use. Themes including fear of side effects, fear of dependency, forgetting to take medication, the medication being a hassle, and the experience of medication-related sexual side effects were found to be negatively related to medication use. Participants were cognizant of consequences of uncontrolled hypertension, and illness control was important to them. Biographical disruption was minimal. Taking medications and changing diet were the most significant changes in the lives of participants after being diagnosed with hypertension. Achievement of lifestyle modifications had a positive impact on identity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings contribute to our understanding of medication use behavior and have implications for patient education and counseling.
authors.affiliation: Purdue University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy Practice, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2091, USA. hema1@pharmacy.purdue.edu
authors.forename: Hema
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Viswanathan
authors.forename: Bruce L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Lambert
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents