title: Effects of craving self-report measurement on desire for heroin in opioid dependent individuals.
abstract: This study aims to investigate whether the administration of questionnaires measuring subjective craving induces more craving for opiates compared to questionnaires measuring other subjective states. The study was conducted in 2000. The sample was composed of 53 patients that were treated as inpatients and outpatients for their opioid dependence syndrome. Participants were assigned randomly into four groups. Both a craving and negative affect condition were presented to each group. The administration of the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) preceded and followed each condition. Findings of the present study show that the administration of questionnaires measuring instant as well as general craving does not have a distinctive effect on measures of unidimensional craving compared to a questionnaire focused on anxiety and depression states. Because of the small sample, the results should be interpreted cautiously.
authors.affiliation: Novadic-Kentron-Network for Addiction Treatment Services, Nijmegen Institute for Scientists-Practitioners in Addiction, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. c.dejong@acsw.ru.nl
authors.forename: Cor A J
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: Vanesa C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Gongora
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Engelhardt
authors.forename: Marinus H M
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Breteler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D003932:Heroin; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012650:Self Disclosure; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D003932:Heroin