title: Radiopharmaceutical management of 90Y/111In labeled antibodies: shielding and quantification during preparation and administration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The combined application of potent beta-emitting isotopes for therapy with remitting isotopes for scintigraphy requires a profound regimen concerning team member safety and radionuclide quantification.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have developed materials and methods for a proper and easy manipulation of 90Y during preparation and administration of 90Y/111In pharmaceuticals used for radioimmunotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The efficacy of the shielding measures is documented. Protocols for the calibration of gamma-dose calibrators with respect to 90Y are extended to the assessment of quench-corrected liquid scintillation counting of 90Y. The contribution of 90Y backscatter to 111 In counting is quantified. Newly developed shielding equipment allows an adequate administration of relatively large volumes (100 ml) of 90Y/111In labeled pharmaceuticals to patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The procedures described combine pharmaceutical (Good Manufacturing Practice) and radiation safety requirements with an accurate logging of relevant data.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. f.j.vanhemert@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: Formijn J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: van Hemert
authors.forename: Gerrit W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Sloof
authors.forename: Kirsten J M
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Schimmel
authors.forename: Walter L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Vervenne
authors.forename: Berthe L F
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: van Eck-Smrr
authors.forename: Ellinor
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Busemann-Sokole
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D002138:Calibration; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D016719:Radioimmunodetection / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D016499:Radioimmunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging / Q000379:methods; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D015021:Yttrium Radioisotopes
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015021:Yttrium Radioisotopes