title: Evaluation of [11C]hemicholinium-15 and [18F]hemicholinium-15 as new potential PET tracers for the high-affinity choline uptake system in the heart.
abstract: [(11)C]Hemicholinium-15 ([(11)C]HC-15) and [(18)F]hemicholinium-15 ([(18)F]HC-15) have been synthesized as new potential PET tracers for the heart high-affinity choline uptake (HACU) system. [(11)C]HC-15 was prepared by N-[(11)C]methylation of the appropriate precursor, 4-methyl-2-phenyl-morpholin-2-ol, using [(11)C]CH(3)OTf in 55-70% radiochemical yield decay corrected to end of bombardment (EOB) and 2-3Ci/mumol specific activity at end of synthesis (EOS). [(18)F]HC-15 was prepared by N-[(18)F]fluoromethylation of the precursor using [(18)F]FCH(2)OTf in 20-30% radiochemical yield decay corrected to EOB and >1.0Ci/mumol specific activity at EOS. The biodistribution of both compounds was determined in rats at 20min post-intravenous injection, and the results show the heart region uptakes 1.32+/-0.75%ID/g in R-ventricle for [(11)C]HC-15 and 1.28+/-0.81%ID/g in L-ventricle for [(18)F]HC-15, respectively. The dynamic PET imaging studies of [(11)C]HC-15 in rats were acquired 60min post-intravenous injection of the tracer using the IndyPET-II scanner. For the blocking experiments, the rats were intravenously pretreated with 3.0mg/kg of unlabeled HC-15 prior to [(11)C]HC-15 injection. [(11)C]HC-15 rat heart PET studies show rapid heart uptake to give clear heart images. The rat heart PET blocking studies found no significant blocking effect. The dynamic PET studies in normal and ablated dogs were performed using Siemens PET scanner with [(13)N]NH(3), [(11)C]HC-15, and [(18)F]HC-15. PET studies in dogs of both [(11)C]HC-15 and [(18)F]HC-15 also show significant heart uptake and give images of the heart. However, there is no significant change in [(11)C]HC-15 L-ventricle uptake following radiofrequency ablation in the dog. These results suggest that the localization of HC-15 tracers in the heart is mediated by non-specific processes, and the visualization of HC-15 tracers on the heart is related to non-specific binding of HACU.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Mingzhang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Timothy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: DeGrado
authors.forename: Bruce H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Mock
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lopshire
authors.forename: Joshua G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Rosenberger
authors.forename: Cristian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dusa
authors.forename: Mithilesh Kumar
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Groh
authors.forename: Douglas P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Zipes
authors.forename: Gary D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Hutchins
authors.forename: Qi-Huang
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002794:Choline / Q000378:metabolism*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006426:Hemicholinium 3 / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011869:Radioligand Assay; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D006426:Hemicholinium 3; D002794:Choline