title: Forehead pulse oximetry: Headband use helps alleviate false low readings likely related to venous pulsation artifact.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study investigated whether a tensioning headband that applies up to 20 mmHg pressure over a forehead pulse oximetry sensor could improve arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation reading accuracy in presence of venous pooling and pulsations at the forehead site.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy volunteers were studied breathing room air in supine and various levels of negative incline (Trendelenburg position) using the forehead sensor with the headband adjusted to its maximum and minimum recommended pressure limits. Saturation readings obtained from the forehead sensor with the subjects supine and the headband in place were used as a baseline to compare the effects of negative incline on reading accuracy when using and not using the headband. Occurrences of false low-saturation readings detected by forehead sensors were compared with those from digit sensors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No difference was observed between saturation readings obtained from the forehead sensor in supine and negative incline positions when the headband was applied. Forehead sensor readings obtained while subjects were inclined and the headband was not used were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than the supine readings. There was no statistically significant difference between the digit and forehead sensor in reporting false low-saturation readings when the headband was applied, regardless of body incline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Application of up to 20 mmHg pressure on the forehead pulse oximetry sensor using an elastic tensioning headband significantly reduced reading errors and provided consistent performance when subjects were placed between supine and up to 15 degrees head-down incline (Trendelenburg position).
authors.affiliation: Clinical Affairs Department, Nellcor Puritan Bennett, Tyco Healthcare, 4280 Hacienda Drive, Pleasanton, California 94588, USA.
authors.forename: Geeta S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Agashe
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Coakley
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Mannheimer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016477:Artifacts; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005546:Forehead / Q000098:blood supply*; D018475:Head-Down Tilt / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010092:Oximetry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011312:Pressure; D011674:Pulse; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D014680:Veins / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen