title: Impact of sedation method on the diagnosis of hip and elbow dysplasia in Swedish dogs.
abstract: Our objective was to investigate the effect of sedation method on the screening result for hip and elbow dysplasia. The study was based on a questionnaire survey of routines for hip and elbow screening at Swedish veterinary clinics and results of hip and elbow status, for eight breeds (Bernese Mountain Dog, Boxer, German Shepherd Dog, Golden Retriever, Labrador Retriever, Newfoundland, Rottweiler, and Saint Bernard) recorded by the Swedish Kennel Club. In total 5877 and 5406 dogs examined for hip and elbow dysplasia, respectively, from January 2002 through March 2003 were included. We used logistic regression to examine whether the type of chemical restraint used for sedation affected the screening result for hip and elbow dysplasia. In addition to sedation method, the effects of veterinary clinic, sex, breed, and age at screening were studied. The type of chemical restraint used for sedation affected the screening result for hip but not for elbow dysplasia. Acepromazine gave less than half the odds of hip dysplasia compared with medetomidine and butorphanol (the most common method), medetomidine alone or xylazine. Females had about 25% higher odds for developing hip dysplasia whereas males had almost 40% higher odds for developing elbow dysplasia. Saint Bernard, Newfoundland and German Shepherd Dog had the highest odds of developing hip dysplasia, whereas Rottweiler and Labrador Retriever had the lowest odds. Boxer had the lowest risk for elbow dysplasia, followed by Labrador Retriever. Saint Bernard and Rottweiler had the highest odds of elbow dysplasia. Increasing age increased the odds of both hip and elbow dysplasia, by about 2.5% per month. Following the results in this study, recording of the type of chemical restraint used for sedation during hip screening has now become mandatory in Sweden. This makes it possible to account for the effect of sedation method in a model for prediction of breeding values for hip dysplasia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7023, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden. sofia.malm@hgen.slu.se
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Malm
authors.forename: Erling
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Strandberg
authors.forename: Birgitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Danell
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Audell
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Swenson
authors.forename: Ake
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hedhammar
mesh_terms: D000075:Acepromazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D002077:Butorphanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006619:Hip Dysplasia, Canine / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D020926:Medetomidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010375:Pedigree; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden; D014991:Xylazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D014991:Xylazine; D000075:Acepromazine; D020926:Medetomidine; D002077:Butorphanol