title: Overexpressed Derlin-1 inhibits ER expansion in the endothelial cells derived from human hepatic cavernous hemangioma.
abstract: Proteins that are unfolded or misfolded in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) must be targeted for refolding or degradation to maintain the homeostasis of the ER. Derlin-1 was reportedly implicated in the retro-translocation of misfolded proteins from the ER to the cytosol for degradation. In this report, we showed that Derlin-1 was down-regulated in the endothelial cells derived from human hepatic cavernous hemangioma (CHEC) compared with other tested cells. Electron microscopy analysis showed that ER was aberrantly enlarged in CHEC cells, but not in other tested cells. When overexpressed, Derlin-1 induced the dilated ER to return normal size. This ER dynamic was associated with the activation of unfolded protein response (UPR). In CHEC cells where Derlin-1 was down-regulated, increased expression of the immunoglobulin heavy chain-binding protein (Bip) and UPR-specific splicing of X-box DNAbinding protein 1 (XBP1) mRNA were detected, as compared with that in other tested cells, indicating that UPR was activated. After Derlin-1 overexpression, the extent of UPR activation diminished, as evidenced by decreased expression of Bip, reduced amount of the spliced form of XBP1 (XBP1s), and elevated expression of the unspliced form of XBP1 (XBP1u). Taken together, these findings provide another example of a single protein being able to affect ER dynamic in mammalian cells, and an insight into the possible molecular mechanism(s).
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Institute and Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Yu-Liang
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Ran
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jin-Ning
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.forename: Li-Xing
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Zhi-Hua
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000502:physiology*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006392:Hemangioma, Cavernous / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000071701:Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D015854:Up-Regulation; D000071717:X-Box Binding Protein 1
chemical_list: C487709:DERL1 protein, human; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D000071701:Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000071717:X-Box Binding Protein 1; C000605543:XBP1 protein, human