title: Community based occupational therapy for patients with dementia and their care givers: randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effectiveness of community based occupational therapy on daily functioning of patients with dementia and the sense of competence of their care givers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single blind randomised controlled trial. Assessors were blinded for treatment allocation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Memory clinic and day clinic of a geriatrics department and participants' homes.
  
  
  METHODS
  135 patients aged > or =65 with mild to moderate dementia living in the community and their primary care givers.
  
  
  METHODS
  10 sessions of occupational therapy over five weeks, including cognitive and behavioural interventions, to train patients in the use of aids to compensate for cognitive decline and care givers in coping behaviours and supervision.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients' daily functioning assessed with the assessment of motor and process skills (AMPS) and the performance scale of the interview of deterioration in daily activities in dementia (IDDD). Care giver burden assessed with the sense of competence questionnaire (SCQ). Participants were evaluated at baseline, six weeks, and three months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Scores improved significantly relative to baseline in patients and care givers in the intervention group compared with the controls (differences were 1.5 (95% confidence interval 1.3 to 1.7) for the process scale; -11.7 (-13.6 to -9.7) for the performance scale; and (11.0; 9.2 to 12.8) for the competence scale). This improvement was still significant at three months. The number needed to treat to reach a clinically relevant improvement in motor and process skills score was 1.3 (1.2 to 1.4) at six weeks. Effect sizes were 2.5, 2.3, and 1.2, respectively, at six weeks and 2.7, 2.4, and 0.8, respectively, at 12 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Occupational therapy improved patients' daily functioning and reduced the burden on the care giver, despite the patients' limited learning ability. Effects were still present at 12 weeks, which justifies implementation of this intervention.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Clinical Trials NCT00295152 [ClinicalTrials.gov].
authors.affiliation: Research Group for Allied Health Care, Department of Allied Health Care Disciplines, Occupational Therapy, University Medical Center Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. m.graff@ergo.umcn.nl
authors.forename: Maud J L
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Graff
authors.forename: Myrra J M
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Vernooij-Dassen
authors.forename: Marjolein
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thijssen
authors.forename: Joost
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dekker
authors.forename: Willibrord H L
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Hoefnagels
authors.forename: Marcel G M Olde
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Rikkert
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D017028:Caregivers; D003153:Community Health Services; D003704:Dementia / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009788:Occupational Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome