title: Update on antidotes for pediatric poisoning.
abstract: Antidotes are playing an increasing role in therapy for pediatric poisonings. Although initial response to all pediatric poisonings begins with basic stabilization, knowledge of specific antidotes, their mechanisms of action, safety profile in pediatrics, and dosing regimens can be life-saving for pediatric victims of nerve gas exposure, acetaminophen toxicity, methanol and ethylene glycol ingestion, and snakebites. This article presents an overview of the pathophysiology, symptoms, antidotes, and emergency management of these toxicological emergencies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA. MLwhite@peds.uab.edu
authors.forename: Marjorie Lee
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Erica L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Liebelt
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000506:poisoning; D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000931:Antidotes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000997:Antivenins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000506:poisoning; D003435:Crotalid Venoms / Q000506:poisoning; D004630:Emergencies; D019855:Ethylene Glycol / Q000506:poisoning; D005260:Female; D000077604:Fomepizole; D006801:Humans; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; D007128:Immunoglobulin Fragments / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007223:Infant; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000295:instrumentation; D008297:Male; D000432:Methanol / Q000506:poisoning; D011041:Poisoning / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012909:Snake Bites / Q000188:drug therapy; D013594:Syringes
chemical_list: D000931:Antidotes; D000997:Antivenins; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D003435:Crotalid Venoms; C431183:Crotalidae Polyvalent immune Fab; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; D007128:Immunoglobulin Fragments; D011720:Pyrazoles; D000082:Acetaminophen; D000077604:Fomepizole; D019855:Ethylene Glycol; D000111:Acetylcysteine; D000432:Methanol