title: Glucose intolerance and other cardiovascular risk factors in Haiti. Prevalence of Diabetes and Hypertension in Haiti (PREDIAH).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of diabetes and other forms of glucose intolerance and to examine their relationship with some cardiovascular risk factors in a population representative of the capital of Haiti.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional survey was conducted in the metropolitan area of Port-au-Prince, Haiti. A population-based sample of 1620 adults was randomly selected using a two-stage cluster method, stratified in 3 age groups: 20-39, 40-64 and > or =65 years of age. Diagnosis of diabetes and pre-diabetes (IFG and IGT) was based on the 2003 Expert Committee criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total response rate was 69%. The age-standardized prevalence of diabetes was 4.8% in men and 8.9% in women (P=0.0014), with, overall, 70.6% of previously diagnosed cases. Standardized for the Segi world population aged 30-64 years, its prevalence was 7.4% in men and 11.1% in women (NS). The age-standardized prevalence of pre-diabetes was 6.4% in men and 8.0% in women (NS). Hypertension was found in 48.7% in men and 46.5% in women (NS). Its rates in people > or =40 years old were 69.1% in men and 67.2% in women (NS). Abdominal obesity was strongly independently associated with diabetes and pre-diabetes in both genders. Hypertension was shown to be risk factor for pre-diabetes and total glucose intolerance in women. High education was associated with lower risk of diabetes in men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes is moderately high in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. In people aged > or =40 years, the rate of normal blood pressure is less than 25%. Intervention programs to prevent simultaneously and manage diabetes and hypertension are imperative, and prevention strategies through lifestyle modifications should be cost-effective.
authors.affiliation: Fondation Haïtienne de Diabète et de Maladies Cardio-vasculaires (FHADIMAC), Port-au-Prince, Haïti. ejb@hainet.net
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Jean-Baptiste
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Larco
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Charles-Larco
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vilgrain
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Charles
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D049628:Body Size; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006205:Haiti / Q000453:epidemiology; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology