title: Regulation of osteoclast differentiation and function by the CaMK-CREB pathway.
abstract: Calcium (Ca(2+)) signaling is essential for a variety of cellular responses and higher biological functions. Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinases (CaMKs) and the phosphatase calcineurin activate distinct downstream pathways that are mediated by the transcription factors cAMP response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB) and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), respectively. The importance of the calcineurin-NFAT pathway in bone metabolism has been demonstrated in osteoclasts, osteoblasts and chondrocytes. However, the contribution of the CaMK-CREB pathway is poorly understood, partly because of the difficulty of dissecting the functions of homologous family members. Here we show that the CaMKIV-CREB pathway is crucial for osteoclast differentiation and function. Pharmacological inhibition of CaMKs as well as the genetic ablation of Camk4 reduced CREB phosphorylation and downregulated the expression of c-Fos, which is required for the induction of NFATc1 (the master transcription factor for osteoclastogenesis) that is activated by receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL). Furthermore, CREB together with NFATc1 induced the expression of specific genes expressed by differentiated osteoclasts. Thus, the CaMK-CREB pathway biphasically functions to regulate the transcriptional program of osteoclastic bone resorption, by not only enhancing induction of NFATc1 but also facilitating NFATc1-dependent gene regulation once its expression is induced. This provides a molecular basis for a new therapeutic strategy for bone diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
authors.forename: Kojiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suematsu
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: Sayaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takemoto-Kimura
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morishita
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Asahara
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohya
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takai
authors.forename: Tatsuhiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: Talal A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Chatila
authors.forename: Haruhiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bito
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takayanagi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000235:genetics; D054734:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 4; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000502:physiology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; C494005:Nfatc1 protein, mouse; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D053245:RANK Ligand; D054734:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 4; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; C517685:Camk4 protein, mouse