title: Predicting implantation with a neuromodulator using two different test stimulation techniques: A prospective randomized study in urge incontinent women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine whether a percutaneous needle electrode (PNE) technique or a surgical first stage lead placement (FSLP) better predicted whether a patient would progress to implantation of a pulse generator (IPG) in older urge incontinent women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty subjects > or =55 years with refractory urge incontinence who had been selected to undergo a test stimulation procedure were randomized to either PNE or FSLP. Thirteen underwent PNE placement and seventeen underwent FSLP placement. If during the test stimulation period subjects had greater than 50% improvement in their incontinence parameters they qualified for permanent lead and/or IPG implantation of the Interstim device.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one subjects (70%) responded to the test stimulation and underwent implantation, 15/17 (88%) in the FSLP group and 6/13 (46%) in the PNE group. Subjects who were randomized to the FSLP group were significantly more likely to proceed to implantation of the IPG (P = 0.02) than those in the PNE group. There was no significant difference in demographics, pre-test stimulation incontinence parameters or post-stimulation visual analog pain scores between the randomized groups or between test stimulation responders and non-responders. When comparing FSLP and PNE responders, there was no significant difference in the percent improvement in 24-hr pad weight, daily pad usage, or daily incontinence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FSLP better predicted progression to implantation of the IPG than a test stimulation with a PNE in an older urge incontinent cohort.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA. kristy.borawski@duke.edu
authors.forename: Kristy M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Borawski
authors.forename: Raymond T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: George D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.forename: Cindy L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Amundsen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016496:Incontinence Pads; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation; D012447:Sacrum / Q000294:innervation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D053202:Urinary Incontinence, Urge / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy*; D014556:Urine