Combination of 4-HPR and oral contraceptive in monkey model of chemoprevention of ovarian cancer.
4-(N-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide (4-HPR) and the oral contraceptives (OCP) are currently being used alone, and in combination, for the prevention of ovarian cancer. However, the mechanism of their effects has not been studied. Non-human primate models are ideal for studying the role of these and other drugs for cancer chemoprevention because of the genetic similarity between primates and humans in respect to hormone regulation and menstrual cycle. 4-HPR and OCP were administered to sixteen female adult Macacca mulatta (Rhesus macaques) for three months alone and in combination. Laparotomy was performed before and after treatment, and ovarian biopsies were obtained to evaluate the expression of retinoid and hormone receptors, and apoptosis. ER alpha was undetectable, but ER beta, PR, RXR alpha, and RXR gamma were constitutively expressed in the ovaries. 4-HPR induced RXR alpha and RXR gamma expression at a low level and, OCP induced expression of ER beta. However, the combination of 4-HPR with OCP had a larger effect on expression of retinoid receptors. Apoptosis was detected in the 4-HPR group (equivalent dose: 200 mg/day).
Brewer
Molly
M
Department of OB/GYN, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 8572, USA. mbrewer@azcc.arizona.edu
Ranger-Moore
James
J
Satterfield
William
W
Hao
Zengping
Z
Wang
Jian
J
Brewer
Emily
E
Wharton
J Taylor
JT
Bast
Robert
R
Zou
Changping
C
D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D017313:Fenretinide / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010053:Ovary / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D017313:Fenretinide