Influence of SNPs in cytokine-related genes on the severity of food allergy and atopic eczema in children.
Although many single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) studies have reported an association of atopy, allergic diseases and total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, almost all of these studies sought risk factors for the onset of these allergic diseases. Furthermore, many studies have analyzed a single gene and hardly any have analyzed environmental factors. In these analyses, the results could be masked and the effects of other genes and environmental factors may be decreased. Here, we described the correlation between four genes [interleukin (IL)-4 (C-590T), IL-4 receptor (A1652G), FCER1B (G6842A) and STAT6 (G2964A)] in connection with IgE production; the role of IL-10 (C-627A) as a regulatory cytokine of allergy; and the severity of food allergy (FA) and atopic eczema (AE) in 220 Japanese allergic children. In addition to these SNPs, environmental factors, i.e., patient's attitude, indoor environment, and so on, were also investigated in this study. Our study was retrospective, and the correlation was analyzed by our defined clinical scores divided into three terms: worst symptoms, recent symptoms and general amelioration at the most recent examination during the disease course. Our results indicated that IL-10 AA, the genotype with lower IL-10 production, is associated with higher IgE levels in the serum (p < 0.0001, estimate; 0.912). Marginal liver abnormalities were observed in the subject group with both FA and AE (p < 0.1191, estimate; 0.1490). Our defined clinical scores enabled evaluation of various aspects of disease severity. Based on the scores, while no single SNP selected in this study determined severity, the combination of the SNP with laboratory data and environmental factors appeared to determine severity.
Negoro
Takaharu
T
Department of Medicinal Information, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University, Htanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Orihara
Kanami
K
Irahara
Tomoko
T
Nishiyama
Hiroshi
H
Hagiwara
Kanae
K
Nishida
Risa
R
Takagi
Hiroki
H
Satoh
Kazue
K
Yamamoto
Yoshiki
Y
Shimizu
Shunichi
S
Hagiwara
Tamio
T
Ishii
Masakazu
M
Tanioka
Toshihiro
T
Nakano
Yasuko
Y
Takeda
Ken
K
Yoshimura
Isao
I
Iikura
Yoji
Y
Tobe
Takashi
T
D000293:Adolescent; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor; D001290:Attitude; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000502:physiology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000235:genetics; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017455:Receptors, IgE / Q000235:genetics; D019948:Receptors, Interleukin-4 / Q000235:genetics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
D016207:Cytokines; D017455:Receptors, IgE; D019948:Receptors, Interleukin-4; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007073:Immunoglobulin E