title: Considerations for the design of clinical trials for tinnitus.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  There are many possible control conditions to consider in designing research on tinnitus treatments. Some of the counseling procedures involve more than simply 'talking' or providing information, and it is important to make this distinction. Several good handicap scales are available, but we believe that 100-point interval scales have some superior attributes. Both primary and secondary measures of benefit should be used. Open trials have some merit, but should only be used cautiously. Several recent guidelines have been suggested for improving the design and reporting of clinical trials.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This paper reviews some basic considerations in the design of research to evaluate tinnitus treatments, particularly counseling and sound therapies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have reviewed some of the basic issues, referenced some relevant work, and provided some data supporting some of our assertions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We provide some recommendations for consideration for the design of clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Speech Pathology and Audiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. rich-tyler@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Richard S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Tyler
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Noble
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coelho
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003376:Counseling; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006185:Habituation, Psychophysiologic; D006801:Humans; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*