title: Heparan sulfate biosynthetic gene Ndst1 is required for FGF signaling in early lens development.
abstract: Multiple signaling molecules, including bone morphogenic proteins (BMP) and fibroblast growth factors (FGF), play important roles in early lens development. However, how these morphogens are regulated is still largely unknown. Heparan sulfate participates in both morphogen transport and morphogen-receptor interaction. In this study, we demonstrate that inactivation of the heparan sulfate biosynthetic gene Ndst1 resulted in invagination defects of the early lens and in the disruption of lens-determination gene expression, leading to severe lens hypoplasia or anophthalmia. Ndst1 mutants exhibited reduced sulfation of heparan sulfate, but both BMP- and Wnt-signaling remained unchanged. Instead, these embryos showed diminished binding of a subset of FGF proteins to FGF receptors. Consistent with disruption of FGF signaling, expression of phospho-Erk and ERM were also downregulated in Ndst1-mutant lenses. Taken together, these results establish an important role of Ndst1 function in FGF signaling during lens development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Woodbury
authors.forename: Jeffrey D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Esko
authors.forename: Kay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grobe
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000235:genetics; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006497:Heparan Sulfate / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000196:embryology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009154:Mutation; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015238:Sulfotransferases / Q000235:genetics*; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D006497:Heparan Sulfate; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor; D015238:Sulfotransferases; D051153:Wnt Proteins; C021350:heparitin sulfotransferase