title: Validation and calibration of an accelerometer in preschool children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obesity rates in young children are increasing, and decreased physical activity is likely to be a major contributor to this trend. Studies of physical activity in young children are limited by the lack of valid and acceptable measures. The purpose of this study was to calibrate and validate the ActiGraph accelerometer for use with 3- to 5-year-old children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty preschool children wore an ActiGraph accelerometer (ActiGraph, Fort Walton Beach, FL) and a Cosmed portable metabolic system (Cosmed, Rome, Italy) during a period of rest and while performing three structured physical activities in a laboratory setting. Expired respiratory gases were collected, and oxygen consumption was measured on a breath-by-breath basis. Accelerometer data were collected at 15-second intervals. For cross-validation, the same children wore the same instruments while participating in unstructured indoor and outdoor activities for 20 minutes each at their preschool.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In calibrating the accelerometer, the correlation between Vo(2) (ml/kg per min) and counts was r = 0.82 across all activities. The only significant variable in the prediction equation was accelerometer counts (R(2) = 0.90, standard error of the estimate = 4.70). In the cross-validation, the intraclass correlation coefficient between measured and predicted Vo(2) was R = 0.57 and the Spearman correlation coefficient was R = 0.66 (p < 0.001). Cut-off points for moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity were identified at 420 counts/15 s (Vo(2) = 20 mL/kg per min) and 842 counts/15 s (Vo(2) = 30 mL/kg per min), respectively. When these cutpoints were applied to the cross-validation data, percentage agreement, kappa, and modified kappa for moderate activity were 0.69, 0.36, and 0.38, respectively. For vigorous activity, the same measures were 0.81, 0.13, and 0.62.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Accelerometer counts were highly correlated with Vo(2) in young children. Accelerometers can be appropriately used as a measure of physical activity in this population.
authors.affiliation: Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 730 Devine Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA. rpate@gwm.sc.edu
authors.forename: Russell R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Pate
authors.forename: Maria J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Kerry L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: McIver
authors.forename: Karin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
authors.forename: Marsha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dowda
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D002138:Calibration; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D016138:Walking