title: Evaluation of intraoperative radiotherapy for gastric carcinoma with D2 and D3 surgical resection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the proper sites and doses of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) for gastric carcinoma and the effects of this treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 106 patients with stage I-IV gastric carcinoma who received D2 or D3 radical operation combined with IORT were analyzed. Sixty-seven patients with gastric cancer of the antrum and body underwent distal gastrectomy. The sites of irradiation were at the celiac artery and hepatoduodenal ligment area. Another 39 patients with carcinoma of the cardia and upper part of the gastric body and whole stomach underwent proximal gastrectomy or total gastrectomy. The sites of irradiation for this group were the upper margin of the pancreas and the regional para-aorta. The therapeutic effects (including survival and complications) of these 106 cases received operation combined with IORT (IORT group) were compared with 441 cases treated during the same time period by a radical operation alone (operation group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The radiation dose below 30 Gy was safe. The therapeutic method of the operation combined with IORT did not prolong the survival of patients with stage I and IV gastric cancer, but the 5-year survival rates of patients with stage II and III gastric cancers were significantly improved. The 5-year survival rates of the stages III cancer patients receiving D2 resection combined with IORT were markedly improved, while for those receiving D3 radical resection, only the postoperative 3- or 4-year survival rates were improved (P < 0.005-0.001). The 5-year survival rate for those patients was raised only by 4.7% (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 5-year survival rates of patients with stages II and III gastric carcinoma who received D2 lymphadenectomy combined with IORT were improved, and there was no influence on the postoperative complications and mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Shanghai Sixth Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, China. hlqin@sjtu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Huan-Long
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Chao-Hong
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Xiu-Long
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome