title: Density-based load estimation using two-dimensional finite element models: a parametric study.
abstract: A parametric investigation was conducted to determine the effects on the load estimation method of varying: (1) the thickness of back-plates used in the two-dimensional finite element models of long bones, (2) the number of columns of nodes in the outer medial and lateral sections of the diaphysis to which the back-plate multipoint constraints are applied and (3) the region of bone used in the optimization procedure of the density-based load estimation technique. The study is performed using two-dimensional finite element models of the proximal femora of a chimpanzee, gorilla, lion and grizzly bear. It is shown that the density-based load estimation can be made more efficient and accurate by restricting the stimulus optimization region to the metaphysis/epiphysis. In addition, a simple method, based on the variation of diaphyseal cortical thickness, is developed for assigning the thickness to the back-plate. It is also shown that the number of columns of nodes used as multipoint constraints does not have a significant effect on the method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
authors.forename: Max A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bona
authors.forename: Larry D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Fischer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005269:Femur / Q000502:physiology*; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006071:Gorilla gorilla; D008045:Lions; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D002679:Pan troglodytes; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D001503:Ursidae