title: Recombinant activated factor VII efficacy and safety in a model of bleeding and thrombosis in hypothermic rabbits: a blind study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) is increasingly used to secure hemostasis in hemorrhagic situations in trauma and surgical patients. Hypothermia is often observed in these clinical settings.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the efficacy and safety of rFVIIa in hypothermia in a rabbit model of bleeding and thrombosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-nine rabbits were anesthetized, ventilated and monitored for blood pressure, temperature and carotid flow. The Folts model was used: a stenosis (75%) and an injury were carried out on the carotid artery, inducing thrombosis. Blood flow decreased as thrombus size increased until the pressure gradient was such that the thrombus was released and local arterial blood flow was suddenly restored. This is known as a cyclic flow reduction (CFR). After counting baseline CFRs during a 20-min period (P1), rabbits were randomized blindly to one of four groups: normothermic (NT) placebo or rFVIIa (150 microg kg(-1)), hypothermic (HT) (34 degrees C) placebo or rFVIIa. Then CFRs were recorded over a second period (P2). At the end of the experiment, a hepato-splenic section was performed and the amount of blood loss was recorded. After each period, the following were measured: ear immersion bleeding time (BT), hemoglobin, platelet count, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and fibrinogen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hypothermia increased BT and blood loss. These effects were reversed by rFVIIa. In NT rabbits, rFVIIa shortened BT but did not reduce blood loss. rFVIIa-treated rabbits bled similarly regardless of temperature. The incidence of CFRs was higher in treated than placebo animals regardless of temperature. rFVIIa decreased PT and aPTT without modifying platelet count or fibrinogen level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hemostatic efficacy of rFVIIa was maintained in hypothermia. However, the number of CFRs was higher in the rFVIIa-treated group than in the placebo groups, whether for NT or HT rabbits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, and INSERM U689, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Godier
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mazoyer
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cymbalista
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cupa
authors.forename: C-M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Samama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005167:Factor VII / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015942:Factor VIIa; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006487:Hemostasis; D007035:Hypothermia; D011817:Rabbits; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D005167:Factor VII; C103587:recombinant FVIIa; D015942:Factor VIIa