Trypanosomosis in goats: current status.
Trypanosomosis is a major constraint on ruminant livestock production in Africa, Asia, and South America. The principal host species affected varies geographically, but buffalo, cattle, camels, and horses are particularly sensitive. Natural infections with Trypanosoma congolense, T. vivax, T. brucei, and T. evansi have been described in goats. Trypanosomosis in goats produces acute, subacute, chronic, or subclinical forms, being T. vivax, T. congolense, and T. evansi, the most invasive trypanosomes for goats. However, the role of goats in the epidemiology of trypanosomosis is largely discussed and not well understood. Thus, it has commonly been assumed that trypanosomosis presents a subclinical course and that goats do not play an important role in the epidemiology of the disease. This can partially be due to parasitemia caused by trypanosomes which has been considered low in goats. However, this assumption is currently undergoing a critical reappraisal because of goats may also serve as a reservoir of trypanosome infection for other species, including the human beings in the case of T. brucei rhodesiense. The present article describes the current status of trypanosomosis in goats in Africa, Asia, and South America. Pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of the different trypanosomes are also described. The possible role in the epidemiology of the disease in the different areas is also discussed.
Gutierrez
Carlos
C
Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas, Arucas, Las Palmas, 35416 Canary Islands, Spain. cgutierrez@dpat.ulpgc.es
Corbera
Juan A
JA
Morales
Manuel
M
Büscher
Philippe
P
D000818:Animals; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D006041:Goats; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000469:parasitology; D010802:Phylogeny; D013045:Species Specificity; D014345:Trypanosoma / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014352:Trypanosomiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary*; D014370:Tsetse Flies / Q000469:parasitology