title: Radiosurgical treatment for rolandic arteriovenous malformations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors reviewed the radiosurgical outcomes in patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) located in the rolandic area, including the primary motor and sensory gyri.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population consisted of 38 patients with rolandic-area AVMs who underwent linear accelerator radiosurgery at the University of Toronto between 1989 and 2000. Obliteration rate, risk of hemorrhage during the latency period, radiation-induced complications, seizure control, and functional status were evaluated. Patients were also divided into two subgroups according to AVM volume (< 3 cm3 and > or = 3 cm3). Patients were followed up for a median of 42.4 months (range 30-103 months), and the median age of the patients was 40 years (range 12-67 years). The median AVM volume was 8.1 cm3 (range 0.32-21, mean 8.32 cm3), and the median dose at the tumor margin was 15 Gy (range 15-22, mean 16.8 Gy). The risk of hemorrhage after radiosurgery was 5.3% for the 1st year, 2.6% for the 2nd, and 0% for the 3rd. Two patients (5.3%) sustained adverse effects related to radiation for more than 6 months. Complete nidus obliteration after a single radiosurgical treatment was achieved in 23 patients (60.5%). The obliteration rate for AVMs smaller than 3 cm3 was 83.3% (10 of 12) and that for AVMs larger than or equal to 3 cm3 was 50% (13 of 26). Among the patients who had seizures as the initial presentation, 51.8% were free of seizures after radiosurgery and the seizure pattern improved in 40.7% during the 3rd and last year of follow up. Overall, excellent results (obliteration and no new or worsening neurological deficit) can be achieved in approximately 60% of patients. This percentage varies according to the AVM size and can reach 83% in patients with AVMs smaller than 3 cm3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiosurgery is a safe and effective treatment for people with rolandic AVMs. The low rate of morbidity associated with radiosurgery, compared with other treatments, indicates that this method may be the first choice for patients with AVMs located in this area.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. m.schwartz@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Yuri M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Andrade-Souza
authors.forename: Meera
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramani
authors.forename: Daryl
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scora
authors.forename: May N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Tsao
authors.forename: Karel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: TerBrugge
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000009:adverse effects; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome