title: Noninvasive volumetric imaging and morphometry of the rodent retina with high-speed, ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate high-speed, ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) for noninvasive, in vivo, three-dimensional imaging of the retina in rat and mouse models.
  
  
  METHODS
  A high-speed, ultrahigh-resolution OCT system using spectral, or Fourier domain, detection has been developed for small animal retinal imaging. Imaging is performed with a contact lens and postobjective scanning. An axial image resolution of 2.8 mum is achieved with a spectrally broadband superluminescent diode light source with a bandwidth of approximately 150 nm at approximately 900-nm center wavelength. Imaging can be performed at 24,000 axial scans per second, which is approximately 100 times faster than previous ultrahigh-resolution OCT systems. High-definition and three-dimensional retinal imaging is performed in vivo in mouse and rat models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High-speed, ultrahigh-resolution OCT enabled high-definition, high transverse pixel density imaging of the murine retina and visualization of all major intraretinal layers. Raster scan protocols enabled three-dimensional volumetric imagingand comprehensive retinal segmentation algorithms allowed measurement of retinal layers. An OCT fundus image, akin to a fundus photograph was generated by axial summation of three-dimensional OCT data, thus enabling precise registration of OCT measurements to retinal fundus features.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-speed, ultrahigh-resolution OCT enables imaging of retinal architectural morphology in small animal models. OCT fundus images allow precise registration of OCT images and repeated measurements with respect to retinal fundus features. Three-dimensional OCT imaging enables visualization and quantification of retinal structure, which promises to allow repeated, noninvasive measurements to track disease progression, thereby reducing the need for killing the animal for histology. This capability can accelerate basic research studies in rats and mice and their translation into clinical patient care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Vivek J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: Tony H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wojtkowski
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Allen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Clermont
authors.forename: Sven-Erik
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Bursell
authors.forename: Qin Hui
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Janis
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lem
authors.forename: Jay S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Duker
authors.forename: Joel S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Schuman
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D012160:Retina / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*