title: Evaluation of a multimodal management of prematurity-related spasticity.
abstract: To examine the efficacy of a rehabilitation protocol, focusing on spasticity management through botulinum toxin A injections in the lower limbs, an etiologically homogeneous group of 57 prematurely born children with cerebral palsy was prospectively evaluated (minimum follow-up 18 months) under pragmatic conditions. Gross Motor Function Classification System categories were: I = 12, II = 9, III = 16, IV = 15, V = 4. Outcome was evaluated with goniometry, Gross Motor Function Measure, functional goal attainment at baseline and in subsequent months, the Gross Motor Function Classification System, functional mobility status, and parents' satisfaction at more than 18 months after first botulinum toxin. Goniometry demonstrated significantly improved range of movement in lower limbs at 10 days and 1 month after botulinum toxin. Differences persisted >18 months at the popliteal angles (P < 0.001). Gross Motor Function Measure changed significantly in 20 children (8 points in total score) at 3 months after first botulinum toxin (P < 0.0001) with less significant results thereafter. Predetermined functional goals were achieved in 61% at >18 months. Parents were satisfied in approximately 90% of the cases. Eighteen of 57 children (31.57%) changed Gross Motor Function Classification System status over a mean of 33.8 months (18-48) follow-up. Most significant gains were recorded in the severely involved group IV, where 10 of 15 (66.66%) improved. The high percentage of change in group IV implies the importance of gained sitting balance due to spasticity management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Pendeli Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece. theon@otenet.gr
authors.forename: Antigone S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Papavasiliou
authors.forename: Christina-Anastasia
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Rapidi
authors.forename: Constantine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Filiopoulos
authors.forename: Chrysoula
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rizou
authors.forename: Helen N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Skouteli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000534:rehabilitation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A