title: Female genital malformations and their associated abnormalities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  With an incidence of up to 5% in the general population, genital malformations are a frequent clinical occurrence. The aim of this study was to assess whether a connection could be demonstrated between various degrees of severity of genital malformations and associated abnormalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients were classified using the Vagina, Cervix, Uterus, Adnex, and Associated Malformation (VCUAM) classification.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred eleven premenopausal patients with female genital malformations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients underwent diagnostic workup for genital malformations using laparoscopy as well as hysteroscopy. Associated malformations were detected by either magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasound.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demonstration of a connection between various degrees of severity of genital malformations and associated abnormalities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 72 cases (36%) out of 202 patients with uterine malformations (VCUAM U1-4) we found associated abnormalities. The predominant findings were alterations in the renal system. When vaginal abnormality (VCUAM V1-5) alone was taken into consideration, an associated developmental disturbance in the renal tract was found in 30% of cases (n = 32 from 107).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A close connection was demonstrated between genital malformations and associated abnormalities. For this reason, the diagnostic workup in patients with malformations should always include the renal system. Depending on the severity of the clinical picture, examinations may need to be extended further.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany. Peter.Oppelt@gyn.imed.uni-erlangen.de <Peter.Oppelt@gyn.imed.uni-erlangen.de>
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Oppelt
authors.forename: Meike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: von Have
authors.forename: Mareike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paulsen
authors.forename: Pamela L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Strissel
authors.forename: Reiner
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Strick
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brucker
authors.forename: Diethelm
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wallwiener
authors.forename: Matthias W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Beckmann
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005836:Genitalia, Female / Q000002:abnormalities*; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D014564:Urogenital Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*