title: Monocytes from type 2 diabetic patients have a pro-inflammatory profile. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) works as anti-inflammatory.
abstract: The exact factors contributing to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes remain elusive. Lately, it was suggested that inflammation and activation of the innate immune system could be linked to type 2 diabetes pathogenesis and also to the development of common diabetic complications, mainly atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of monocytes in this sub-clinical inflammatory state and test 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3), the active form of Vitamin D, as an anti-inflammatory agent. For this purpose, monocytes from type 2 diabetic patients were compared to monocytes from healthy controls and type 1 diabetic patients. The expression profile of inflammatory markers in freshly isolated and immune-stimulated monocytes was measured by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Type 2 diabetic patients showed significantly higher expression levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1, IL-8, COX-2, ICAM-1 and B7-1 compared to controls and type 1 diabetic patients. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) was able to down-regulate the expression of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1, and IL-8, confirming its immunomodulatory properties. From these data we concluded that monocytes from type 2 diabetic patients have a pro-inflammatory profile. In addition, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) was able to modulate inflammation in these monocytes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, Catholic University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Annapaula
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giulietti
authors.forename: Evelyne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van Etten
authors.forename: Lut
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Overbergh
authors.forename: Katinka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stoffels
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bouillon
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mathieu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D007378:Interleukins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D007378:Interleukins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D002117:Calcitriol