title: Hemodynamic shear stresses in mouse aortas: implications for atherogenesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The hemodynamic environment is a determinant of susceptibility to atherosclerosis in the vasculature. Although mouse models are commonly used in atherosclerosis studies, little is known about local variations in wall shear stress (WSS) in the mouse and whether the levels of WSS are comparable to those in humans. The objective of this study was to determine WSS values in the mouse aorta and to relate these to expression of gene products associated with atherosclerosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using micro-CT and ultrasound methodologies we developed a computational fluid dynamics model of the mouse aorta and found values of WSS to be much larger than those for humans. We also used a quantum dot-based approach to study vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression on the aortic intima and demonstrated that increased expression for these molecules occurs where WSS was relatively low for the mouse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite large differences in WSS in the two species, the spatial distributions of atherogenic molecules in the mouse aorta are similar to atherosclerotic plaque localization found in human aortas. These results suggest that relative differences in WSS or in the direction of WSS, as opposed to the absolute magnitude, may be relevant determinants of flow-mediated inflammatory responses.
authors.affiliation: Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 225 North Avenue, Atlanta, GA 30332-0360, USA.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suo
authors.forename: Dardo E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Ferrara
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sorescu
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Guldberg
authors.forename: W Robert
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Don P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Giddens
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008433:Mathematics; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1