title: Struggles for equivalence: in vitro developmental toxicity model evolution in pharmaceuticals in 2006.
abstract: Our group has been using the ECVAM Embryonic Stem Cell assay to predict developmental toxicity. In order to improve the separation of non-teratogens from weak teratogens, we have employed measures of gene expression, and different statistical methods from those originally used to develop the test. These approaches have fundamentally not improved the discrimination of 'weaks' from 'nons'. A realization that a very low value for cytotoxicity IC50 would drive a final result for the test in ways that were inappropriate for pharmaceuticals has led us to re-examine the cytotoxicity component. Our current efforts are focused on other, perhaps more sensitive, measures of cytotoxicity, combined with gene expression changes in mouse stem cells in an attempt to correctly identify weak teratogens and non-teratogens.
authors.affiliation: Investigative Developmental Toxicity Laboratory, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., MS 8274-1336, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA. Robert.e.chapin@pfizer.com
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chapin
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stedman
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paquette
authors.forename: Randal
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Streck
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumpf
authors.forename: Shibing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deng
mesh_terms: D000826:Animal Testing Alternatives; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D004345:Drug Industry; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D013723:Teratogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D013723:Teratogens