title: Functioning and quality of life in the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test whether 12-week treatment of major depression improved the level of functioning, global health, and quality of life of adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study was a multisite, randomized clinical trial of fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), their combination (COMB), or clinical management with placebo in 439 adolescents with major depression. Functioning was measured with the Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS), global health with the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents (HoNOSCA), and quality of life with the Pediatric Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (PQ-LES-Q). Random-effects regression models were applied to the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with placebo, COMB was effective on the CGAS (p < .0001), HoNOSCA (p < .05), and PQ-LES-Q (p < .001), whereas fluoxetine was superior to placebo on the CGAS only (p < .05). COMB was superior to fluoxetine on the CGAS (p < .05) and PQ-LES-Q (p = .001). Fluoxetine was superior to CBT on the CGAS (p < .01). CBT monotherapy was not statistically different from the placebo group on any of the measures assessed. Treatment effects were mediated by improvement in depressive symptoms measured on the Child Depression Rating Scale-Revised.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of fluoxetine and CBT was effective in improving functioning, global health, and quality of life in depressed adolescents. Fluoxetine monotherapy improved functioning.
authors.affiliation: bvitiell@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Benedetto
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vitiello
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rohde
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Casat
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Waslick
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simons
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reinecke
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Weller
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kratochvil
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walkup
authors.forename: Sanjeev
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pathak
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Robins
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: March
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D005473:Fluoxetine; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors