title: The in vitro activity of geraniin and 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose isolated from Phyllanthus urinaria against herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 infection.
abstract: Phyllanthus urinaria Linnea (Euphorbiaceae) is a widely used traditional medicinal plant by oriental countries and has been reported to possess various biological activities. Previously, the acetone extract from Phyllanthus urinaria was found to inhibit herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. In this study, geraniin and 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (1346TOGDG), both of which were isolated from the acetone extract of Phyllanthus urinaria, were examined for their activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2 in vitro. Results showed that geraniin actively suppressed HSV-2 infection, whereas 1346TOGDG effectively inhibited HSV-1 infection. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) was 18.4+/-2.0 microM for geraniin against HSV-2 infection, and 19.2+/-4.0 microM for 1346TOGDG against HSV-1. No toxic effect towards the host cell was observed at the antiviral concentrations. In conclusion, geraniin and 1346TOGDG were found to inhibit HSV-1 and HSV-2 multiplication at different magnitudes of potency.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hua-Yew
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Ta-Chen
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Lien-Chai
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Chun-Ching
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D005960:Glucosides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000187:drug effects; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000187:drug effects; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000821:virology; D008518:Medicine, East Asian Traditional; D009005:Monosaccharides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029803:Phyllanthus / Q000737:chemistry*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: C520272:1,3,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D005960:Glucosides; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins; D009005:Monosaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; C024603:Geraniin; D005707:Gallic Acid