title: Oncostatin M enhances CCL21 expression by microvascular endothelial cells and increases the efficiency of dendritic cell trafficking to lymph nodes.
abstract: CCL21, a lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC)-derived chemokine, and its receptor CCR7 regulate dendritic cell (DC) trafficking to lymph nodes (LN), but it is unclear how CCL21 expression is regulated. Oncostatin M (OSM) is an IL-6-like cytokine synthesized by activated DC and other leukocytes. In vitro, OSM (but not TNF-alpha) stimulated CCL21 mRNA and protein expression by human dermal microvascular EC (DMEC) in an ERK1/2-dependent fashion. Conditioned medium from OSM-treated DMEC stimulated CCL21-dependent chemotaxis of mouse bone marrow-derived DC (BMDC). Cultured BMDC expressed OSM, which was increased with the addition of LPS. Topical application of the contact-sensitizing hapten, trinitrochlorobenzene, resulted in enhanced OSM expression in the skin, whereas cutaneous injection of TNF-alpha did not. Injection of OSM into the footpad increased CCL21 mRNA expression in the draining LN by approximately 10-fold and in mouse skin by approximately 4-fold without increasing CCR7 mRNA. In vitro, OSM increased the permeability of DMEC and lung microvascular EC monolayers to FITC-dextran beads, and, in vivo, it enhanced accumulation of Evans blue dye in draining LN by approximately 3-fold (p = 0.0291). Of note, OSM increased trafficking of BMDC injected in footpads to draining LN by 2-fold (p = 0.016). In summary, OSM up-regulates CCL21 expression in skin and draining regional LN. We propose that OSM is a regulator of CCL21 expression and endothelial permeability in skin, contributing to efficient migration of DC to regional LN.
authors.affiliation: Dermatology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugaya
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Adela R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Cardones
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kakinuma
authors.forename: Samer H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jaber
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blauvelt
authors.forename: Sam T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D054421:Chemokine CCL21; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000276:immunology*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006241:Haptens / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D053683:Oncostatin M / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010853:Picryl Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C515478:CCL21 protein, human; C515479:Ccl21c protein, mouse; D054421:Chemokine CCL21; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D006241:Haptens; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D053683:Oncostatin M; D010853:Picryl Chloride