title: [Update in Hepatitis C virus associated extrahepatic manifestations].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since the discovery of the hepatitis C virus, many manifestations, so called extra-hepatic manifestations (EHM), are largely reported with more or less relationship proofs.
  This article proposes a review of the main extra-hepatic manifestations associated with the Hepatis C Virus infection and which remain a topical subject, more than fifteen years after the discovery of this virus. Mixed cryoglobulin and its vasculitic manifestations are still one of the more frequent Hepatis C Virus associated-extra-hepatic manifestations. Its management may be critically changed due to the increasing use of anti-CD20 therapy. Among other HCV-EHM, the following extra-hepatic manifestations are still of interest: the chronic fatigue syndrome, the sicca syndrome, the non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, malignant B cell proliferations, mainly the Hepatis C Virus-related splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes and the production of auto-antibodies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mechanisms underlying these HCV-associated EHM are ill-elucidated and still remain of great interest as proved by current studies. The use of anti-CD20 antibodies in the treatment of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis is also under investigation.
authors.affiliation: Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 91, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sène
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Saadoun
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Limal
authors.forename: J-C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Piette
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cacoub
mesh_terms: D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D003449:Cryoglobulinemia / Q000209:etiology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000209:etiology; D015673:Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic / Q000209:etiology*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008232:Lymphoproliferative Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies