title: Nonfatal traumatic brain injury-related hospitalization in very young children-15 states, 1999.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To document age-related patterns of nonfatal hospitalization associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI) among children younger than 2 years of age, by intent/cause and diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data describing 2536 nonfatal TBI-related hospitalizations in 15 states for the year 1999 were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Central Nervous System Injury surveillance system for children younger than 2 years of age (0-23 months) at the time of injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incidence rates (overall, by intent/cause, and by diagnosis) were calculated by combining TBI surveillance data with population data from the US Census Bureau and the National Center for Health Statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall rates of nonfatal TBI-related hospitalization peaked at 1 month of age (178.0 cases per 100,000 person-years) followed by a secondary peak at 8 months of age (127.9 cases per 100,000 person-years). Rates for fall-related (unintentional) cases and assault-related cases were significantly higher for infants (0-11 months) than for 1-year-olds (12-23 months), with rates for both types of cases peaking in the earliest months of life. Rates for cases with diagnoses of skull fracture and/or intracranial injury were also significantly higher for the younger group. Assault-related cases frequently coincided with a diagnosis of intracranial injury regardless of age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevention efforts should focus on falls and assaults, which account for the majority of TBI-related hospitalizations in early childhood. Such efforts may also need to emphasize the unusually high risk during the first few months of life.
authors.affiliation: Office of Statistics and Programming, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Eisele
authors.forename: Scott R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kegler
authors.forename: Roger B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Trent
authors.forename: Victor G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Coronado
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000453:epidemiology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology; D014754:Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data