title: Mycobiota in poultry feeds and natural occurrence of aflatoxins, fumonisins and zearalenone in the Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.
abstract: The intake of mycotoxin-contaminated feeds can lead to nutrient losses and may have adverse effects on animal health and on productivity. The aims of this study were (1) to determine the mycobiota present in poultry feed samples, and (2) to evaluate the natural occurrence of aflatoxin B(1), fumonisin B(1) and zearalenone. Fungal counts were similar between all culture media tested (10(3 )CFU g(-1)). The most frequent genus isolated was Penicillium spp. (41.26%) followed by Aspergillus spp. (33.33%) and Fusarium spp. (20.63%). High precision liquid chromatography was applied to quantify aflatoxin B(1) and fumonisin B(1). Thin layer chromatography was used to determine zearalenone levels. Aflatoxin B(1 )values ranged between 1.2 and 17.5 microg kg(-1). Fumonisin B(1) levels ranged between 1.5 and 5.5 microg g(-1). Zearalenone levels ranged between 0.1 and 7 microg g(-1). The present study shows the simultaneous occurrence of two carcinogenic mycotoxins, aflatoxin B(1) and fumonisin B(1), together with another Fusarium mycotoxin (zearalenone) in feed intended for poultry consumption. Many samples contained AFB(1 )levels near the permissible maximum and it could affect young animals. A synergistic toxic response is possible in animals under simultaneous exposure.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunología Veterinária, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro, 23890-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Glenda R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Jessika M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Marcelo E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Fraga
authors.forename: Lilia R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Cavaglieri
authors.forename: Gloria M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Direito
authors.forename: Kelly M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Dalcero
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Rosa
mesh_terms: D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D001230:Aspergillus / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D001938:Brazil; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D005506:Food Contamination; D005516:Food Microbiology; D037341:Fumonisins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D005670:Fusarium / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D010407:Penicillium / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D011200:Poultry; D012621:Seasons; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D037341:Fumonisins; C056933:fumonisin B1; D015025:Zearalenone; D016604:Aflatoxin B1