title: Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II regulates cardiac Na+ channels.
abstract: In heart failure (HF), Ca(2+)/calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) expression is increased. Altered Na(+) channel gating is linked to and may promote ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VTs) in HF. Calmodulin regulates Na(+) channel gating, in part perhaps via CaMKII. We investigated effects of adenovirus-mediated (acute) and Tg (chronic) overexpression of cytosolic CaMKIIdelta(C) on Na(+) current (I(Na)) in rabbit and mouse ventricular myocytes, respectively (in whole-cell patch clamp). Both acute and chronic CaMKIIdelta(C) overexpression shifted voltage dependence of Na(+) channel availability by -6 mV (P < 0.05), and the shift was Ca(2+) dependent. CaMKII also enhanced intermediate inactivation and slowed recovery from inactivation (prevented by CaMKII inhibitors autocamtide 2-related inhibitory peptide [AIP] or KN93). CaMKIIdelta(C) markedly increased persistent (late) inward I(Na) and intracellular Na(+) concentration (as measured by the Na(+) indicator sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate [SBFI]), which was prevented by CaMKII inhibition in the case of acute CaMKIIdelta(C) overexpression. CaMKII coimmunoprecipitates with and phosphorylates Na(+) channels. In vivo, transgenic CaMKIIdelta(C) overexpression prolonged QRS duration and repolarization (QT intervals), decreased effective refractory periods, and increased the propensity to develop VT. We conclude that CaMKII associates with and phosphorylates cardiac Na(+) channels. This alters I(Na) gating to reduce availability at high heart rate, while enhancing late I(Na) (which could prolong action potential duration). In mice, enhanced CaMKIIdelta(C) activity predisposed to VT. Thus, CaMKII-dependent regulation of Na(+) channel function may contribute to arrhythmogenesis in HF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Nataliya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dybkova
authors.forename: Eva C L
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Rasenack
authors.forename: Claudius
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jacobshagen
authors.forename: Larissa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fabritz
authors.forename: Paulus
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kirchhof
authors.forename: Sebastian K G
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hasenfuss
authors.forename: Joan Heller
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Donald M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Bers
authors.forename: Lars S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Maier
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000503:physiopathology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000235:genetics; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011485:Protein Binding; D011817:Rabbits; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015222:Sodium Channels; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases