Positive emotional change: mediating effects of forgiveness and spirituality.
We evaluated the efficacy of an emotional education program that seeks to reduce the intergenerational transmission of negative interaction patterns by increasing forgiveness and spirituality. We examined both reduction of psychological symptoms and increase in positive psychological outcomes over the course of a year, as well as the mediators of this change. At baseline, the sample consisted of 99 participants and 47 waiting list controls. Comparisons of scores from baseline (Time 1) to one week after the Hoffman Quadrinity Process (Time 2) showed large declines in negative affect (depressive symptoms) and increases in both positive outcomes (mastery, empathy, emotional intelligence, life satisfaction, forgiveness, and spiritual experience) and health and well-being. Over the course of a year, most of these gains were sustained, in comparison with the control group. Further, increases in forgiveness and spirituality mediated the effect of program participation on depressive symptoms.
Levenson
Michael R
MR
Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA. rick.levenson@oregonstate.edu
Aldwin
Carolyn M
CM
Yancura
Loriena
L
D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000368:Aged; D000786:Anger; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D003863:Depression / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D029181:Spirituality; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome