title: Validation of the Simplified Motor Score for the prediction of brain injury outcomes after trauma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score is widely used in the initial evaluation of patients with traumatic brain injury. This 15-point score, however, has been criticized as unnecessarily complex. Recently, a 3-point Simplified Motor Score (defined as obeys commands=2; localizes pain=1; withdrawals to pain or worse=0) was developed from the motor component of the GCS and was found to have a similar test performance for predicting outcomes after traumatic brain injury when compared with the GCS score as the criterion standard. The purpose of this study was to validate the Simplified Motor Score in a large heterogeneous trauma population.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a secondary analysis of a prospectively maintained trauma registry with consecutive trauma patients who presented to a Level I trauma center from 1995 through 2004. Test performance of the GCS and the Simplified Motor Score relative to 4 clinically relevant traumatic brain injury outcomes (emergency intubation, clinically significant brain injury, neurosurgical intervention, and mortality) was evaluated with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 21,170 patients included in the analysis, 18% underwent emergency intubation, 14% had clinically significant brain injuries, 7% underwent neurosurgical intervention, and 5% died. The AUCs for the GCS and its components ranged from 0.76 to 0.92 across the 4 outcome measures. The AUCs for the Simplified Motor Score ranged from 0.71 to 0.89, and the relative differences from the GCS AUCs ranged from 3% to 7%, with a median difference of 5%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this external validation study, the 3-point Simplified Motor Score demonstrated similar test performance when compared with the 15-point GCS score and its components for the prediction of 4 clinically important traumatic brain injury outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO 80204, USA. jason.haukoos@dhha.org
authors.forename: Jason S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Haukoos
authors.forename: Michelle R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: Rick E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Rabon
authors.forename: Craig S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Gravitz
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Green
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results