title: Cost effectiveness of perindopril in reducing cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary artery disease using data from the EUROPA study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The EUropean trial on Reduction Of cardiac events with Perindopril in stable coronary Artery disease (EUROPA) trial has recently reported.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the cost effectiveness of perindopril in stable coronary heart disease in the UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and resource use data were taken from the EUROPA trial. Costs included drugs and hospitalisations. Health-related quality of life values were taken from published sources. A cost-effectiveness analysis is presented as a function of the risk of a primary event (non-fatal myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest or cardiovascular death) in order to identify people for whom treatment offers greatest value for money.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median incremental cost of perindopril for each quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained across the heterogeneous population of EUROPA was estimated as 9700 pounds(interquartile range 6400-14,200 pounds). Overall, 88% of the EUROPA population had an estimated cost per QALY below 20,000 pounds and 97% below 30,000 pounds. For a threshold value of cost effectiveness of 30,000 pounds per QALY gained, treatment of people representing the 25th, 50th (median) and 75th centiles of the cost effectiveness distribution for perindopril has a probability of 0.999, 0.99 and 0.93 of being cost effective, respectively. Cost effectiveness was strongly related to higher risk of a primary event under standard care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Whether the use of perindopril can be considered cost effective depends on the threshold value of cost effectiveness of healthcare systems. For the large majority of patients included in EUROPA, the incremental cost per QALY gained was lower than the apparent threshold used by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence in the UK.
authors.affiliation: Public Health and Health Policy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. a.briggs@clinmed.gla.ac.uk
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Briggs
authors.forename: Borislava
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mihaylova
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sculpher
authors.forename: Alistair
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wolstenholme
authors.forename: Maarten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simoons
authors.forename: Jaap
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deckers
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Willem J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Remme
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bertrand
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fox
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000188:drug therapy; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D016527:Drug Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020913:Perindopril / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D020913:Perindopril