title: Open reduction and rigid internal fixation of mandibular condylar fractures by an intraoral approach: a long-term follow-up study of 15 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the long-term results obtained with open reduction and rigid internal fixation of mandibular condylar fractures by an intraoral approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients with 24 mandibular condylar fractures were retrospectively examined with an average follow-up of 23 months (range, 6-63 months). Clinical and radiographic examination was conducted according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD), including an evaluation of maximum voluntary bite force measurements and facial nerve function. Statistical analysis was performed on maximum voluntary bite force measurements and maximum pressure pain threshold.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two patients fulfilled the criteria for a RDC/TMD diagnosis. Myofacial pain (group I) and bilateral arthralgia (group III), combined with a moderate nonspecific physical symptom score, was diagnosed in 1 patient and 1 patient received a diagnosis of disc displacement with reduction (group II). Satisfying radiographic fracture healing was seen in 12 joints. However, miniplate fracture occurred in 3 patients and severe bone resorption of the condylar head was seen in one patient. Minor adjustment of the postoperative occlusion was necessary in 6 patients. No significant difference between maximum voluntary isometric bite force measurements or maximum pressure pain threshold was found between the fracture side and the opposite side in unilateral cases or between the operated and nonoperated side in bilateral cases. None of the patients showed facial nerve injury or visible facial scars.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of a retrospective study, the present study emphasized that optimal management of dislocated bilateral condylar injuries combined with other fractures of the facial skeleton constitute a challenging issue in maxillofacial trauma. Moreover, open reduction and rigid internal fixation of mandibular condylar fractures by an intraoral approach is a technically demanding surgical procedure associated with a high risk of postoperative complications in these injuries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark. u00250@aas.nja.dk
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Sven Erik
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Nørholt
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dahl
authors.forename: Lone
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lenk-Hansen
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Svensson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001732:Bite Force; D001860:Bone Plates; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D019248:Jaw Fixation Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D008337:Mandibular Fractures / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011859:Radiography; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000293:injuries; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D016896:Treatment Outcome