title: A comparison of intensive care unit physician staffing costs at the 3 Mayo Clinic sites.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the provider cost of administering intensive care unit (ICU) services, comparing 3 different staffing models for ICU coverage, and to compare the costs of using house staff vs nonphysician providers (NPPs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected on total staff composition and number of beds In ICUs from January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2004, at the 3 Mayo Clinic sites: Rochester, Minn; Jacksonville, Fla; and Scottsdale, Ariz. Institutional or national average staff salaries were used to determine total staffing costs per ICU bed per year at each site. Medicare medical education reimbursements were also taken into account.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Costs per ICU bed for physician staffing were $18,630 in Rochester, $37,515 in Jacksonville, and $38,010 in Scottsdale. When NPPs were substituted for house staff, the costs per bed were $72,466 in Rochester, $61,291 in Jacksonville, and $49,909 in Scottsdale. Incremental costs per ICU bed using NPPs were $53,836 in Rochester, $23,776 in Jacksonville, and $11,899 in Scottsdale.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of residents and fellows in ICU staffing at a major tertiary health center is more cost-efficient than use of NPPs. This finding could have Implications for the cost of physician services in nonteaching community hospitals and the methods by which care is provided.
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA. bloomfield.eric@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Eric L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Bloomfield
authors.forename: Gavin D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Divertie
authors.forename: Charles D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Burger
authors.forename: Joel S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Bhavesh M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Mohamed Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Rady
authors.forename: Margaret M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Murray
mesh_terms: D001130:Arizona; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005431:Florida; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000191:economics*; D008910:Minnesota; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling / Q000191:economics*; D010820:Physicians / Q000191:economics*; D012189:Retrospective Studies