title: Overexpression of aldose reductase in human cancer tissues.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aldose reductase (AR) belongs to the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) super family and catalyzes the conversion of aldoses to the corresponding alcohol. Some recent studies have shown overexpression of AR and AR-like proteins in human liver cancers and some cancer cell lines such as HepG2 and HeLa cells. However, apart from hepatic cancer tissue, the status of AR expression has not been reported in other human cancer tissues. Therefore, in this preliminary report, the expression of AR in a few other commonly occurring cancer tissues was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fresh post-surgical tumor tissues of breast, ovary, cervix, and rectum were collected from subjects who were admitted for surgical therapy of tumors. Tumor area and tumor characteristics were determined by histopathological analysis. The expression and activity of AR in tumor and non-tumor areas was carried out by immunohistochemical, immunoblotting, and enzyme activity studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunoblotting results indicated overexpression of AR in breast, ovarian, cervical, and rectal cancerous tissues. Furthermore, biochemical data revealed that the specific activity of AR was higher in tumor areas than in non-tumor regions of these tissues. The overexpression of AR in tumor tissue was further validated by immunohistochemistry in the case of breast tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These preliminary results suggest overexpression and increased activity of AR in different human cancers. However, the incidence of AR overexpression and its role in drug resistance needs to be established with a large number of samples of various cancers.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Megha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saraswat
authors.forename: Tiruvalluru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mrudula
authors.forename: Putcha Uday
authors.initials: PU
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Allanki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suneetha
authors.forename: Thamineedi Subramanyeshwara
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Rao Rao
authors.forename: Mukta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Srinivasulu
authors.forename: Bhanuprakash
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reddy
mesh_terms: D000449:Aldehyde Reductase / Q000378:metabolism*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology*; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: D000449:Aldehyde Reductase