Regulation of human endometrial function: mechanisms relevant to uterine bleeding.
This review focuses on the complex events that occur in the endometrium after progesterone is withdrawn (or blocked) and menstrual bleeding ensues. A detailed understanding of these local mechanisms will enhance our knowledge of disturbed endometrial/uterine function--including problems with excessively heavy menstrual bleeding, endometriosis and breakthrough bleeding with progestin only contraception. The development of novel strategies to manage these clinically significant problems depends on such new understanding as does the development of new contraceptives which avoid the endometrial side effect of breakthrough bleeding.
Critchley
Hilary O D
HO
Department of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Centre for Reproductive Biology, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK. hilary.critchley@ed.ac.uk
Kelly
Rodney W
RW
Baird
David T
DT
Brenner
Robert M
RM
D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000502:physiology; D004717:Endometrium / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D011374:Progesterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage / Q000235:genetics*; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects
D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011374:Progesterone; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases