title: Brain activity during stimulation of the trigeminal nerve with noxious heat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to observe areas of brain activation with painful hot stimulation to the trigeminal nerve.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine healthy pain-free women (mean age 26.2 +/- 6.9 yrs) with a natural, regular menstrual cycle participated in the study. Whole-brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were acquired for each participant on day 2 or 3 after the onset of menses using echo-planar imaging at 1.5T with near-isotropic spatial resolution and a temporal resolution of 4 s.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Whole-brain fMRI with a Peltier thermode inside the head coil yielded a feasible imaging protocol with little disturbance from the thermode. Painful thermal stimulation of the left trigeminal system activated discrete brain regions within the insula, cingulate gyrus, thalamus, inferior parietal lobe/postcentral gyrus, right middle and inferior frontal gyri, cuneus, precuneus, and precentral gyrus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Painful stimulation of the trigeminal nerve resulted in activation of similar brain areas generally known for pain processing of painful peripheral stimulation.
authors.affiliation: Orofacial Pain Center, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0297, USA. rdele0@uky.edu
authors.forename: Reny
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Leeuw
authors.forename: C Ervin
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Romulo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Albuquerque
authors.forename: Charles R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: Anders H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Andersen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000502:physiology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D013788:Thalamus / Q000502:physiology*; D014276:Trigeminal Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology*