title: Effects of the glycemic index of breakfast on metabolic responses to brisk walking in females.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine the metabolic responses during 1 h of brisk walking, 3 h after ingesting high glycemic index (HGI) and moderate glycemic index (MGI) breakfasts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six females completed three treadmill walking trials (approximately 50% VO2 max), separated by at least 1 month. Three hours before walking, they ingested either water or a HGI or MGI breakfast. The MGI breakfast consisted of a mixture of an HGI breakfast cereal and low GI carbohydrate (CHO) foods. The GI values of the HGI and MGI meals were 77 and 51, respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study took place in the School of Sport and Exercise Sciences at Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the HGI and MGI trials, plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations peaked 15 min into the postprandial period. At the onset of exercise, plasma insulin concentrations were twofold higher in the HGI (31.5+/-7.7 microl U l(-1)) than in the MGI trial (15.2+/-1.9 microl U l(-1)) (P<0.05). However, there were no differences in substrate utilization between the two CHO trials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that although the addition of LGI CHO foods to an HGI breakfast cereal reduces the overall GI of the meal, the metabolic response to exercise is similar to that following a breakfast comprised entirely of HGI foods.
authors.affiliation: Carnegie Research Institute, Leeds Metropolitan University, Leeds, UK. S.Backhouse@leedsmet.ac.uk
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Backhouse
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nute
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D007328:Insulin