Rate of head growth decelerates and symptoms worsen in the second year of life in autism.
BACKGROUND
Longitudinal studies of head circumference growth in infants later diagnosed with autism are needed to understand the accelerated head growth in this disorder.


METHODS
We analyzed longitudinal head circumference data from birth to 3 years in 28 children later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder on the basis of individual growth curve analyses using hierarchical linear models.


RESULTS
Head circumference Z scores relative to norms significantly increased in the autism sample from birth to 12 months, but this pattern did not persist beyond 12 months. Rather, the rate of change in head circumference from 12 to 36 months was not different from the normative sample.


CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that a period of exceptionally rapid head growth occurs during the first year of life in autism; after 12 months of age, the rate of head circumference growth decelerates relative to the rate during the first year of life. Studies of behavioral development in infants later diagnosed with autism suggest that the period of acceleration of head growth precedes and overlaps with the onset of behavioral symptoms, and the period of deceleration coincides with a period of worsening of symptoms in the second year of life.
Dawson
Geraldine
G
Autism Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. dawson@u.washington.edu
Munson
Jeff
J
Webb
Sara Jane
SJ
Nalty
Theresa
T
Abbott
Robert
R
Toth
Karen
K
D000367:Age Factors; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D049628:Body Size; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018450:Disease Progression; D006257:Head / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values