An inflammation-induced mechanism for leukocyte transmigration across lymphatic vessel endothelium.
The exit of antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes from inflamed skin to afferent lymph is vital for the initiation and maintenance of dermal immune responses. How such an exit is achieved and how cells transmigrate the distinct endothelium of lymphatic vessels are unknown. We show that inflammatory cytokines trigger activation of dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), leading to expression of the key leukocyte adhesion receptors intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin, as well as a discrete panel of chemokines and other potential regulators of leukocyte transmigration. Furthermore, we show that both ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 are induced in the dermal lymphatic vessels of mice exposed to skin contact hypersensitivity where they mediate lymph node trafficking of dendritic cells (DCs) via afferent lymphatics. Lastly, we show that tumor necrosis factor alpha stimulates both DC adhesion and transmigration of dermal LEC monolayers in vitro and that the process is efficiently inhibited by ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 adhesion-blocking monoclonal antibodies. These results reveal a CAM-mediated mechanism for recruiting leukocytes to the lymph nodes in inflammation and highlight the process of lymphatic transmigration as a potential new target for antiinflammatory therapy.
Johnson
Louise A
LA
Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, and Institute of Biomedical Research, MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham Medical School, UK.
Clasper
Steven
S
Holt
Andrew P
AP
Lalor
Patricia F
PF
Baban
Dilair
D
Jackson
David G
DG
D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003877:Dermatitis, Contact / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D004729:Endothelium, Lymphatic / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D042601:Lymphatic Vessels / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology
D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1