title: Non-invasive diagnosis of gastric mucosal atrophy in an asymptomatic population with high prevalence of gastric cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To validate a non-invasive method to detect gastric mucosal atrophy in a Chilean population with high prevalence of gastric cancer and a poor survival rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  We first determined the optimal cut-off level of serum pepsinogen (PG)-1, PG-1/PG-2 ratio and 17-gastrin in 31 voluntary symptomatic patients (mean age: 66.1 years), of them 61% had histologically confirmed gastric atrophy. Then, in a population-based sample of 536 healthy individuals (209 residents in counties with higher relative risk and 327 residents in counties with lower relative risk for gastric cancer), we measured serum anti-H pylori antibodies, PG and 17-gastrin and estimated their risk of gastric cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that serum PG-1 < 61.5 microg/L, PG-1/PG-2 ratio < 2.2 and 17-gastrin > 13.3 pmol/L had a high specificity (91%-100%) and a fair sensitivity (56%-78%) to detect corpus-predominant atrophy. Based on low serum PG-1 and PG-1/PG-2 ratio together as diagnostic criteria, 12.5% of the asymptomatic subjects had corpus-predominant atrophy (0% of those under 25 years and 20.2% over 65 years old). The frequency of gastric atrophy was similar (12% vs 13%) but H pylori infection rate was slightly higher (77% vs 71%) in the high-risk compared to the low-risk counties. Based on their estimated gastric cancer risk, individuals were classified as: low-risk group (no H pylori infection and no atrophy; n = 115; 21.4%); moderate-risk group (H pylori infection but no atrophy; n = 354, 66.0%); and high-risk group (gastric atrophy, with or without H pylori infection; n = 67, 12.5%). The high-risk group was significantly older (mean age: 61.9+/-13.3 years), more frequently men and less educated as compared with the low-risk group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We propose to concentrate on an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for detection of early gastric cancer in the high-risk group. This intervention model could improve the poor prognosis of gastric cancer in Chile.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 367, Santiago 6510260, Chile. rollan@med.puc.cl
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rollan
authors.forename: Catterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferreccio
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gederlini
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Serrano
authors.forename: Javiera
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001284:Atrophy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002677:Chile / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000473:pathology*; D005755:Gastrins / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020116:Pepsinogen A / Q000097:blood; D020115:Pepsinogen C / Q000097:blood; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D005755:Gastrins; C013550:gastrin 17; D020115:Pepsinogen C; D020116:Pepsinogen A