title: Long-term erythropoietin therapy decreases CC-chemokine levels and intima-media thickness in hemodialyzed patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  CC-chemokines are now widely accepted in the recruitment of leukocytes from the blood compartment into tissues, and their role in the progression of atherosclerosis has been documented. Recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) has become widely used to treat anemic HD patients. However, little is known about the effect of EPO on the plasma CC-chemokine levels and intima-media thickness (IMT) in HD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Assessment of CC-chemokines: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory proteins (MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta), regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and IMT were performed in 26 stable HD patients and 15 healthy controls. The patients were divided into 3 groups: group I (n = 8, without EPO), group II (n = 9, EPO at a mean dose of 76 +/- 48 U/kg/week for more than 4 months), and group III (n = 9, EPO at a mean dose of 110.5 +/- 21 U/kg/week for more than 12 months), none of them on iron therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta and IMT values were significantly higher, whereas RANTES were significantly lower in HD patients without EPO therapy than those in healthy controls. CC-chemokine levels were found to be significantly lower in patients administered EPO when compared to subjects without EPO. In the patients treated with EPO for more than 12 months IMT values were significantly decreased compared to patients not receiving this hormone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that long-term EPO therapy decreased CC-chemokine and IMT values in patients undergoing regular HD in the absence of concomitant iron supplementation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Clinical Transplantation, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland. krystynapawlak@poczta.onet.pl
authors.forename: Krystyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pawlak
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pawlak
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mysliwiec
mesh_terms: D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000097:blood*; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D014511:Uremia / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D019742:Chemokines, CC; D004921:Erythropoietin