title: Triturus newts defy the running-swimming dilemma.
abstract: Conflicts between structural requirements for carrying out different ecologically relevant functions may result in a compromise phenotype that maximizes neither function. Identifying and evaluating functional trade-offs may therefore aid in understanding the evolution of organismal performance. We examined the possibility of an evolutionary trade-off between aquatic and terrestrial locomotion in females of European species of the newt genus Triturus. Biomechanical models suggest a conflict between the requirements for aquatic and terrestrial locomotion. For instance, having an elongate, slender body, a large tail, and reduced limbs should benefit undulatory swimming, but at the cost of reduced running capacity. To test the prediction of an evolutionary trade-off between swimming and running capacity, we investigated relationships between size-corrected morphology and maximum locomotor performance in females of ten species of newts. Phylogenetic comparative analyses revealed that an evolutionary trend of body elongation (increasing axilla-groin distance) is associated with a reduction in head width and forelimb length. Body elongation resulted in reduced maximum running speed, but, surprisingly, also led to a reduction in swimming speed. The evolution of longer tails was associated with an increase in maximal swimming speed. We found no evidence for an evolutionary trade-off between aquatic and terrestrial locomotor performance, probably because of the unexpected negative effect of body elongation on swimming speed. We conclude that the idea of a design conflict between aquatic and terrestrial locomotion, mediated through antagonistic effects of body elongation, does not apply to our model system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Biology, Institute of Vertebrate Biology AS CR, Studenec 122, 67502 Konĕsín, Czech Republic. gvozdik@brno.cas.cz
authors.forename: Lumir
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gvozdík
authors.forename: Raoul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Van Damme
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D049628:Body Size; D005260:Female; D010802:Phylogeny; D012420:Running; D013550:Swimming; D014319:Triturus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*