title: Validity of the Manchester Triage System in paediatric emergency care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the validity of the Manchester Triage System (MTS) in paediatric emergency care, using information on vital signs, resource utilisation and hospitalisation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were eligible if they had attended the emergency department of a large inner-city hospital in The Netherlands from August 2003 to November 2004 and were <16 years of age. A representative sample of 1065 patients was drawn from 18,469 eligible patients. The originally assigned MTS urgency levels were compared with resource utilisation, hospitalisation and a predefined reference classification for true urgency, based on vital signs, resource utilisation and follow-up. Sensitivity, specificity and percentage of overtriage and undertriage of the MTS were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of patients who used more than two resources increased with a higher level of MTS urgency. The percentage of hospital admissions increased with the increase in level of urgency, from 1% in the non-urgent patients to 54% in emergent patients. According to the reference classification, the sensitivity of the MTS to detect emergent/very urgent cases was 63%, and the specificity was 78%. Undertriage occurred in 15% of patients, of which 96% were by one urgency category lower than the reference classification. Overtriage occurred in 40%, mostly in lower MTS categories. In 36% of these cases, the MTS classified two or more urgency categories higher than the reference classification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MTS has moderate sensitivity and specificity in paediatric emergency care. Specific modifications of the MTS should be considered in paediatric emergency care to reduce overtriage, while maintaining sensitivity in the highest urgency categories.
authors.affiliation: Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roukema
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Steyerberg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Meurs
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruige
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van der Lei
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Moll
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002662:Child Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006295:Health Resources / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006302:Health Services Research; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009426:Netherlands; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014218:Triage / Q000379:methods*