title: Evolutionary history of Salmonella typhi.
abstract: For microbial pathogens, phylogeographic differentiation seems to be relatively common. However, the neutral population structure of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi reflects the continued existence of ubiquitous haplotypes over millennia. In contrast, clinical use of fluoroquinolones has yielded at least 15 independent gyrA mutations within a decade and stimulated clonal expansion of haplotype H58 in Asia and Africa. Yet, antibiotic-sensitive strains and haplotypes other than H58 still persist despite selection for antibiotic resistance. Neutral evolution in Typhi appears to reflect the asymptomatic carrier state, and adaptive evolution depends on the rapid transmission of phenotypic changes through acute infections.
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Infektionsbiologie, Department of Molecular Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roumagnac
authors.forename: François-Xavier
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Weill
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dolecek
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brisse
authors.forename: Nguyen Tran
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Chinh
authors.forename: Thi Anh Hong
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: Camilo J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Acosta
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Farrar
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dougan
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Achtman
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000349:Africa; D000483:Alleles; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001208:Asia; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002353:Carrier State / Q000382:microbiology*; D027081:DNA Gyrase / Q000235:genetics; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D027081:DNA Gyrase