title: Insulin resistance, inflammatory biomarkers, and adipokines in patients with chronic kidney disease: effects of angiotensin II blockade.
abstract: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) present a high prevalence of insulin resistance (IR). Some studies suggest that angiotensin II may influence some cellular pathways that contribute to the pathogenesis of IR and stimulate the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Fifty-two patients who had stages 3 and 4 CKD and no diabetes were administered an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), olmesartan (40 mg), for 16 wk. Before and after ARB treatment, metabolic and inflammatory parameters and adipokines were measured. IR was calculated by Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) index. Baseline data were compared with data that were obtained from 25 healthy control individuals of similar age and normal renal function. Compared with control subjects, patients with CKD presented significantly higher BP and waist circumference, higher triglycerides and lower HDL levels, higher insulin levels, and higher mean HOMA index (6.0 +/- 2.7 versus 2.9 +/- 2.2 muU/ml x mmol/L; P < 0.001). In addition, patients with CKD had increased levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, TNF-alpha, and IL-6. In patients with CKD, leptin was positively correlated to abdominal obesity, insulin levels, and IL-6, and adiponectin was inversely correlated to abdominal obesity and insulin levels. Olmesartan treatment resulted in a significant decrease of BP, urinary protein excretion, plasma glucose (99 +/- 16 versus 92 +/- 14 mg/dl; P < 0.05), insulin (23.1 +/- 8.8 versus 19.9 +/- 9; P < 0.05), HOMA index (6.0 +/- 2.7 versus 4.7 +/- 2.8; P < 0.05), and glycated hemoglobin (5.33 +/- 0.58 versus 4.85 +/- 0.81%; P < 0.01). At the same time, there was a significant reduction of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels, from 4.45 mg/L (2.45 to 9.00) to 3.55 mg/L (1.80 to 5.40; P < 0.05) and fibrinogen (412 +/- 100 versus 370 +/- 105 mg/dl; P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in adipokine levels after olmesartan treatment. These data demonstrate that patients with CKD have a high prevalence of IR, metabolic syndrome, and chronic inflammation and that the administration of the ARB olmesartan improves IR and inflammation markers in these patients. Plasma adipokine levels that are related to several metabolic risk factors in patients with CKD were not modified by ARB therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/Dr. Esquerdo 47, 28007, Madrid, Spain. solgdevinuesa@terra.es
authors.forename: Soledad García
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: de Vinuesa
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goicoechea
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kanter
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Puerta
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cachofeiro
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lahera
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gómez-Campderá
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luño
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D000068557:Olmesartan Medoxomil; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D052242:Adiponectin; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D007093:Imidazoles; D007328:Insulin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D020738:Leptin; D013777:Tetrazoles; D000068557:Olmesartan Medoxomil; D002097:C-Reactive Protein