title: Evaluation of hydroxyapatite cement for frontal sinus obliteration after mucocele resection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To retrospectively evaluate our experience with frontal sinus obliteration using hydroxyapatite cement (BoneSource; Stryker Biotech Europe, Montreux, Switzerland) and compare it with fat obliteration over the approximate same period. Frontal sinus obliteration with hydroxyapatite cement represents a new technique for obliteration of the frontal sinus after mucocele resection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Exploration of the frontal sinus was performed using bicoronal, osteoplastic flaps, with mucosal removal and duct obliteration with tissue glue and muscle or fascia. Flaps were elevated over the periorbita, and Silastic sheeting was used to protect the BoneSource material from exposure as it dried. The frontal table was replaced when appropriate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen patients underwent frontal sinus obliteration with fat (fat obliteration group), and 38 patients underwent obliteration with BoneSource (BoneSource group). Fat obliteration failed in 2 patients, who underwent subsequent BoneSource obliteration, and none of the patients in the BoneSource group has required removal of material because of recurrent complications. Frontobasal trauma (26 patients [68%] in the BoneSource group and 9 patients [56%] in the fat obliteration group) was the most common history of mucocele formation in both groups. Major complications in the BoneSource group included 1 patient with skin fistula, which was managed conservatively, and 1 patient with recurrent ethmoiditis, which was managed surgically. Both complications were not directly attributed to the use of BoneSource. Contour deficit of the frontal bone occurred in 1 patient in the fat obliteration group and in none in the BoneSource group. Two patients in the fat obliteration group had donor site complications (hematoma and infection). Thirteen patients in the BoneSource group had at least 1 prior attempt at mucocele drainage, and no statistical relation existed between recurrent surgery and preservation of the anterior table.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hydroxyapatite is a safe, effective material to obliterate frontal sinuses infected with mucoceles, with minimal morbidity and excellent postoperative contour.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial, Skull Base, Facial Plastic, & Reconstructive Surgery, Inselspital University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. ftaghizadeh@comcast.net
authors.forename: Farhan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Taghizadeh
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krömer
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Laedrach
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000637:transplantation*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005626:Frontal Sinus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009078:Mucocele / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D010254:Paranasal Sinus Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006882:Hydroxyapatites; C475044:hydroxyapatite cement