title: Occurrence of clinical mastitis in primiparous Estonian dairy cows in different housing conditions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Objectives of the study were to document the impact of some management factors on the occurrence of clinical mastitis in primiparous dairy cows and to identify common udder pathogens of clinical mastitis in freshly calved heifers and multiparous cows on the day of calving.
  
  
  METHODS
  A one-year study was conducted during 2004 and 2005 in 11 selected Estonian dairy herds. Data consisted of 68 heifers with clinical mastitis and 995 heifers without clinical mastitis on the day of calving. Multivariable logistic regression with a random herd effect was used to investigate any association between housing system or the time interval from movement of heifers to the calving facility and day of calving on occurrence of clinical mastitis. Milk samples for bacteriological analysis were collected from affected heifers and multiparous cows on the day of calving
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical mastitis occurrence in the study population of freshly calved heifers equalled 6.1 %. Housing system was not a significant risk factor for clinical mastitis of freshly calved heifers. Moving heifers to the cowbarn less than two weeks before calving in tiestall farms increased risk (OR = 5.9 p = 0.001) for clinical mastitis at parturition. The most frequently isolated udder pathogens among heifers were Escherichia coli (22.1%), Streptococcus uberis (19.1%) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (8.8%). In comparison, the main pathogen in multiparous cows with clinical mastitis at parturition was Staphylococcus aureus (11.2%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Moving heifers to the calving facilities too late in tiestall farms increased risk for clinical mastitis at parturition. The isolated udder pathogens did not differ significantly in tiestall farms compared to freestall farms in heifers, but differences were found between heifers and multiparous cows at parturition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Therapy, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51014 Tartu, Estonia. piret.kalmus@emu.ee
authors.forename: Piret
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kalmus
authors.forename: Arvo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Viltrop
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aasmäe
authors.forename: Kalle
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kask
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003352:Corynebacterium / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004957:Estonia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006799:Housing, Animal; D008414:Mastitis, Bovine / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008892:Milk / Q000382:microbiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification*