title: Benign familial neonatal convulsions: always benign?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Benign familial neonatal convulsions (BFNC) is a rare autosomal dominant seizure disorder usually described to be characterized by a benign course, spontaneous remission and normal psychomotor development. The latter statement had come under consideration when a few case reports of families with less than favorable outcomes were published.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since 1998 a total of 112 families suspected to have BFNC have been referred to our lab for genetic testing. Within this sample we identified private KCNQ2 mutations in 17 BFNC families. For 10 of those 17 families follow up information about the psychomotor development and the outcome were available.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 4 (40%) of the 10 families at least 1 affected individual showed delayed psychomotor development or mental retardation. Three of the four mutations were familial, while the fourth mutation was de novo. Mutations associated with an unfavorable outcome tended to be located within the functionally critical S5/S6 regions of the KCNQ2 gene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data raise the question if BFNC can indeed be described as a benign disorder, and which are the genetic and/or environmental factors that influence the outcome.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximillians-University, Goethestr. 29, D-80336 Munich, Germany. Ortrud.Steinlein@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: O K
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Steinlein
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Conrad
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Weidner
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000235:genetics*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D020936:Epilepsy, Benign Neonatal / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000235:genetics; D051658:KCNQ2 Potassium Channel / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D010375:Pedigree; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D051658:KCNQ2 Potassium Channel; C496914:KCNQ2 protein, human