title: Human adenovirus 36 induces adiposity, increases insulin sensitivity, and alters hypothalamic monoamines in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Human adenovirus 36 (Ad-36) increases adiposity and reduces serum lipids in chicken, mouse, and non-human primate models, and it is linked to obesity in sero-epidemiological studies in humans. Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) or adipose tissue in the mechanism of Ad-36-induced adiposity is unknown. The effects of Ad-36 on adiposity and on the neuroendocrine system were investigated in a rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five-week-old male Wistar rats were inoculated intraperitoneally with Ad-36 or medium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite similar food intakes, infected rats attained significantly greater body weight and fat pad weight by 30 weeks post-inoculation. Epididymal-inguinal, retroperitoneal, and visceral fat pad weights of the infected group were greater by 60%, 46%, and 86%, respectively (p < 0.00001). The fasting serum insulin level and homeostasis model assessment index indicated greater insulin sensitivity in the infected group. Visceral adipose tissue expression of glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha and beta was markedly increased in the infected animals compared with controls. Ad-36 decreased norepinephrine levels significantly in the paraventricular nucleus in infected vs. control rats (mean +/- standard error, 8.9 +/- 1.1 vs. 12.8 +/- 1.2 pg/microg protein; p < 0.05). Ad-36 markedly decreased serum corticosterone in infected vs. control rats (mean +/- standard error, 97 +/- 41.0 vs. 221 +/- 111 ng/mL; p < 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the pro-adipogenic effect of Ad-36 may involve peripheral as well as central effects. The male Wistar rat is a good model for the elucidation of metabolic and molecular mechanisms of Ad-36-induced adiposity.
authors.affiliation: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pasarica
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Minghuan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Hui-Mei
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Ou Yang
authors.forename: Miloni
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rathod
authors.forename: K-L Catherine
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Jen
authors.forename: Sheba
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: MohanKumar
authors.forename: Puliyur S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: MohanKumar
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Markward
authors.forename: Nikhil V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Dhurandhar
mesh_terms: D000258:Adenovirus Infections, Human / Q000150:complications*; D000260:Adenoviruses, Human; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D022763:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D022782:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta / Q000378:metabolism; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D009765:Obesity / Q000821:virology*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D010286:Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D022763:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha; D022782:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta; D007328:Insulin; D047495:PPAR gamma; D003345:Corticosterone; D009638:Norepinephrine