title: Cardiovascular and metabolic risk in outpatients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics: results of the CLAMORS Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) and Metabolic Syndrome (MS) in patients treated with antipsychotics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study in which 117 Spanish psychiatrists (the CLAMORS Study Collaborative Group) recruited consecutive outpatients meeting DSM-IV criteria for Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform or Schizoaffective Disorder, receiving antipsychotic treatment for at least 12 weeks. CHD risk was assessed by SCORE (10-year CV death) and Framingham (10-year all CHD events) function. MS was defined by at least 3 of the following components: waist circumference >102 (men)/>88 (women) cm; triglycerides > or =150 mg/dl; HDL-cholesterol <40 mg/dl (men)/<50 mg/dl (women); blood pressure > or =130/85; fasting glucose > or =110 mg/dl.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1452 evaluable patients (863 men, 60.9%), aged 40.7+/-12.2 years (mean+/-SD) were included. MS was present in 24.6% [23.6% (men), 27.2% (women); p=0.130)]. The overall 10-year risks were 0.9+/-1.9 (SCORE) and 7.2+/-7.6 (Framingham). 8% (95%CI: 6.5-9.5) and 22.1% (95%CI: 20.0-24.3) of patients showed a high/very high risk according to SCORE (> or =3%) and Framingham (> or =10%) function. Abdominal obesity and low HDL-cholesterol were more prevalent in women: 54.5% (95%CI: 50.2-58.9) versus 34.3% (95%CI: 31.0-37.7), and 46.1% (95%CI: 41.4) versus 28.5 (95%CI: 50.8), p<0.001 in both cases. Hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia were more prevalent in men: 59.0% (95%CI: 55.7-62.3) versus 46.0% (95%CI: 41.8-50.2), and 40.7% (95%CI: 37.2-44.2) versus 32.4 (95%CI: 28.3-36.5), p<0.01 in both cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CHD risk and MS prevalences among patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics were in the same range as the Spanish general population 10 to 15 years older.
authors.affiliation: Medicine Department, Psychiatry Area, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain. bobes@uniovi.es
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bobes
authors.forename: Celso
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arango
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aranda
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carmena
authors.forename: Margarida
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garcia-Garcia
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rejas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013030:Spain; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides