title: Biochemical and histopathological findings of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate in oral surgery: an experimental study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The increasing use of cyanoacrylates in dentistry, particularly as an adhesive and sealing glue, has raised concerns regarding its potential toxicity in humans. Several different forms of these compounds including methyl- (MCA), ethyl- (ECA), isobutyl-, isohexyl-, and octyl CA have been developed to eliminate tissue toxicity. N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate is becoming an increasingly popular method for wound closure under low tension. Despite their increasing use, pharmacologic effects of these substances on liver and kidney functions are not widely known. The objective of the present study was to investigate possible immediate and long-term systemic effects of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate in oral surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten male Wistar rats weighing 220 to 270 g were used in the study. Straight incisions were made to the buccal mucosa of the animals. N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate adhesive (Indermil) was applied and wounds were closed primarily. Blood specimens were taken periodically from the vena cava of the animals before the surgical procedure and 2, 14, 21, and 65 days after the surgical procedure. The blood specimens of those taken before the application of the adhesive were defined as the control group; blood specimens that were taken 2, 14, 21, and 65 days from the application were defined as study group. The stored plasma samples were analyzed for blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBI), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), and amylase (AML). In addition to biochemical parameters, histopathological examination was performed. Blood parameter values of the control and study groups were statistically compared with the Duncan test (P < .05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in the values of BUN, CRE, ALT, AST, TBI, TP, ALB, and AML between the control and at 2, 14, 21, and 65 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study shows that N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate is a suitable adhesive applicable in oral surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey. dtsamet@hotmail.com.tr
authors.forename: Samet
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inal
authors.forename: Nergiz
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Cevat
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nisbet
authors.forename: Tolga
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Güvenç
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000681:Amylases / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004659:Enbucrilate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000601:surgery; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014014:Tissue Adhesives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements; D014014:Tissue Adhesives; D003404:Creatinine; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000681:Amylases; D004659:Enbucrilate; D001663:Bilirubin