title: Factors affecting accumulation of thallium and other trace elements in two wild Brassicaceae spontaneously growing on soils contaminated by tailings dam waste.
abstract: Thallium is a scarce, highly toxic element. There are several investigations that report Tl accumulation in plants of the family Brassicaceae. These plants could pose a risk in areas where Tl is present at higher concentrations than normal soils. The present study reports analyses of two wild Brassicaceae, Hirschfeldia incana and Diplotaxis catholica, growing spontaneously at five sampling sites moderately polluted with Tl and other trace elements in the Green Corridor of the Guadiamar river, Seville, S. Spain. In general, trace element content was unremarkable in all part plants, despite the concentrations present in soil. Thallium was the only element whose concentration in both plant species was above normal for plants (maximum values of 5.00 mgkg(-1) in H. incana flowers). There were significant positive correlations between total Tl in soil and Tl in both plant species. Transfer Coefficients (TC) for all elements were, in general, <1 for both species, except for Tl in flowers and fruits at some sites. The highest Enrichment Factor (EF) was found for Tl in H. incana fruits (EF = 607) and D. catholica flowers (EF = 321). H. incana was studied in a previous growing season (2004) in the same area, although the rainfall was 3 times more than in the year of the present study (2005), giving a maximum Tl content of 46.5 mgkg(-1) in H. incana flowers. The data presented here show that Tl content of plants growing in semi-arid conditions can be significantly influenced by precipitation. In dry years, plant Tl accumulation may be significantly reduced.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological and Earth Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK. pmadejon@irnase.csic.es
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Madejón
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Murillo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Marañón
authors.forename: N W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Lepp
mesh_terms: D019607:Brassicaceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis; D011891:Rain; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D013793:Thallium / Q000032:analysis*; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis*; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014131:Trace Elements; D013793:Thallium