title: Laparoscopic resection with intraoperative radiotherapy: a new step in the multimodal treatment of advanced colorectal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Local recurrence is one of the most important problems related to resection of rectal cancer in locally advanced cases (T3-T4). Total mesorectal excision (TME) is the mainstay of surgical therapy, although many articles have been published about the availability of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) for the control of locally advanced rectal cancers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors describe six patients affected by advanced rectal cancer (T3N1) whom they treated with neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy and laparoscopic rectal resection combined with TME and IORT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The operative time did not exceed 6 h in any case with IORT treatment. The procedure itself and the transfer of patients to the radiotherapy room accounted for about 2 h. The postoperative course was uneventful in every case, and all the patients were discharged within the first 8 postoperative days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report describes the technical aspect and the feasibility of IORT associated with laparoscopic surgical resection for rectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Unit of General Surgery 3, Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Civello
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cavicchioni
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Tacchino
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Matera
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Valentini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manfrida
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Greco
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D003082:Colectomy / Q000379:methods*; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000379:methods; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome