title: Distal tears of the hamstring muscles: review of the literature and our results of surgical treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hamstring strains are among the most frequent injuries in sports, especially in events requiring sprinting and running. Distal tears of the hamstring muscles requiring surgical treatment are scarcely reported in the literature.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the results of surgical treatment for distal hamstring tears.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case series of 18 operatively treated distal hamstring muscle tears combined with a review of previously published cases in the English literature. Retrospective study; level of evidence 4.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mehiläinen Sports Trauma Research Center, Mehiläinen Hospital and Sports Clinic, Turku, Finland.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1992 and 2005, a total of 18 athletes with a distal hamstring tear were operated at our centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  At follow-up, the patients were asked about possible symptoms (pain, weakness, stiffness) and their return to the pre-injury level of sport.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final results were rated excellent in 13 cases, good in 1 case, fair in 3 cases and poor in 1 case. 14 of the 18 patients were able to return to their former level of sport after an average of 4 months (range 2-6 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical treatment seems to be beneficial in distal hamstring tears in selected cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Satakunta Central Hospital, Sairaalantie 3, FI - 28500 Pori, Finland. lasse.lempainen@utu.fi
authors.forename: Lasse
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lempainen
authors.forename: Janne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sarimo
authors.forename: Kimmo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mattila
authors.forename: Jouni
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heikkilä
authors.forename: Sakari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Orava
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Puddu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013180:Sprains and Strains / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome