title: Hyperinsulinemia and cognitive decline in a middle-aged cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determining modifiable risks factors for cognitive decline and dementia are a public health priority as we seek to prevent dementia. Type 2 diabetes and related disorders such as hyperinsulinemia increase with aging and are increasing in the U.S. population. Our objective was to determine whether hyperinsulinemia is associated with cognitive decline among middle-aged adults without type 2 diabetes, dementia, or stroke in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Middle-aged adults (aged 45-64 years at baseline) in the ARIC cohort had fasting insulin and glucose assessed between 1987 and 1989. Subjects with dementia, type 2 diabetes, or stroke at baseline were excluded from analysis. Three tests of cognitive function available at baseline and 6 years later were delayed word recall (DWR), digit symbol subtest (DSS), and first letter word fluency (WF). Cross-sectional comparisons and linear regression models were computed for cognitive tests at baseline and change in cognitive test scores to determine whether cognitive function was associated with two measures of insulin resistance, fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Linear regression models controlled for age, sex, race, marital status, education level, smoking status, alcohol use, depression, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In unadjusted and adjusted analyses, hyperinsulinemia based on fasting insulin and HOMA at baseline was associated with significantly lower baseline DWR, DSS, and WF scores and a greater decline over 6 years in DWR and WF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insulin resistance is a potentially modifiable midlife risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, South Carolina, USA. sayoung@mcg.edu
authors.forename: Sara E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Arch G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Mainous
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carnemolla
mesh_terms: D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D004522:Educational Status; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin