title: Synthesis of DNA-directed pyrrolidinyl and piperidinyl confined alkylating chloroalkylaminoanthraquinones: potential for development of tumor-selective N-oxides.
abstract: A novel series of 1,4-disubstituted chloroethylaminoanthraquinones, containing alkylating chloroethylamino functionalities as part of a rigid piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl ring-system, have been prepared. The target compounds were prepared by ipso-displacement of halides of various anthraquinone chromophores by either hydroxylated or chlorinated piperidinyl- or pyrrolidinyl-alkylamino side chains. The chloroethylaminoanthraquinones were shown to alkylate guanine residues of linearized pBR322 (1-20 microM), and two symmetrically 1,4-disubstituted anthraquinones (compounds 14 and 15) were shown to interstrand cross-link DNA in the low nM range. Several 1,4-disubstituted chloroethylaminoanthraquinones were potently cytotoxic (IC50 values: <or=40 nM) in human ovarian cancer A2780 cells. Two agents (compounds 18 and 19) exhibited mean GI50 values of 96 nM and 182 nM, respectively, in the NCI human tumor cell line panel. Derivatization of the potent DNA cross-linking agent 15 to an N-oxide resulted in loss of the DNA unwinding, DNA interstrand cross-linking and cytotoxic activity of the parent molecule.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pors
authors.forename: Steven D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Shnyder
authors.forename: Paul H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Teesdale-Spittle
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hartley
authors.forename: Mire
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zloh
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Searcey
authors.forename: Laurence H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Patterson
mesh_terms: D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010880:Piperidines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D008024:Ligands; D010880:Piperidines; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D004247:DNA