title: Quantitative basal CBF and CBF fMRI of rhesus monkeys using three-coil continuous arterial spin labeling.
abstract: A three-coil continuous arterial-spin-labeling technique with a separate neck labeling coil was implemented on a Siemens 3T Trio for quantitative cerebral blood flow (CBF) and CBF fMRI measurements in non-human primates (rhesus monkeys). The optimal labeling power was 2 W, labeling efficiency was 92+/-2%, and optimal post-labeling delay was 0.8 s. Gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) were segmented based on T1 maps. Quantitative CBF were obtained in 3 min with 1.5-mm isotropic resolution. Whole-brain average DeltaS/S was 1.0-1.5%. GM CBF was 104+/-3 ml/100 g/min (n = 6, SD) and WM CBF was 45+/-6 ml/100 g/min in isoflurane-anesthetized rhesus monkeys, with the CBF GM/WM ratio of 2.3+/-0.2. Combined CBF and BOLD (blood-oxygenation-level-dependent) fMRI associated with hypercapnia and hyperoxia were made with 8-s temporal resolution. CBF fMRI responses to 5% CO2 were 59+/-10% (GM) and 37+/-4% (WM); BOLD fMRI responses were 2.0+/-0.4% (GM) and 1.2+/-0.4% (WM). CBF fMRI responses to 100% O2 were -9.4+/-2% (GM) and -3.9+/-2.6% (WM); BOLD responses were 2.4+/-0.7% (GM) and 0.8+/-0.2% (WM). The use of a separate neck coil for spin labeling significantly increased CBF signal-to-noise ratio and the use of small receive-only surface coil significantly increased signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution. This study sets the stage for quantitative perfusion imaging and CBF fMRI for neurological diseases in anesthetized and awake monkeys.
authors.affiliation: Yerkes Imaging Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Neurology, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Tsukasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagaoka
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Auerbach
authors.forename: Robbie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Champion
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Timothy Q
authors.initials: TQ
authors.lastname: Duong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000502:physiology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D013113:Spin Labels
chemical_list: D013113:Spin Labels