title: Repeated sputum microscopy is not essential for monitoring tuberculosis treatment response.
abstract: METHODS
  This study was conducted in two districts in India where DOTS has been implemented. There are 39 microscopy centres in Anantpur district and 34 in Nellore district (one per 100,000 population), each with a trained microscopist. Periodic follow-up sputum microscopy is performed for all tuberculosis (TB) patients on treatment, with two sputum specimens examined on each follow-up. Results are recorded in a laboratory register.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether examining two sputum specimens for follow-up is useful for assessing treatment outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study using data from laboratory registers of all microscopy centres for 2002 in Anantpur and 2003 (January-June) in Nellore.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 5086 follow-up examinations done in Anantpur and 1028 in Nellore, 8% were acid-fast bacilli positive. One additional positive result was obtained on examination of a second sputum specimen. This result did not significantly add to the assessment of treatment outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The yield of a second on-the-spot sputum specimen is negligible, provided that the first smear is from an overnight specimen. From the data available, it is evident that repeated follow-up smears are not essential for documenting treatment outcome.
authors.affiliation: Technical Support Team, Anantpur, Andra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shivakumar
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Prabhakarareddy
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rajaprasannakumar
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vijayakumaran
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krishnamurthy
mesh_terms: D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents