title: Disparities in race/ethnicity and gender in in-hospital mortality rates for coronary artery bypass surgery patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While dramatic progress has been made lowering in-hospital mortality for coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), few comprehensive studies have been done that include Caucasian, African-American, Hispanic and Asian-American/Pacific-Islander CABG inpatients and simultaneously evaluate the influence of gender. This study, analyzing five years of national data for 1.2 million CABG admissions, examines trends in in-hospital CABG mortality rates for gender and four racial/ethnic categories for CABG patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using data from the Health Care Utilization Project (HCUP) for 1998-2002, 1.2 million CABG admissions were analyzed using descriptive and logistic regression analyses to evaluate the extent of the disparities in in-hospital CABG mortality rates. HCUP is a sample of nearly 1,000 hospitals from 35 states designed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) to approximate a 20% stratified sample of the nation's community hospitals: approximately 94% of all hospital discharges in the United States.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although significant progress has been made in recent years in lowering in-hospital CABG mortality, after controlling for relevant patient and socioeconomic factors, female CABG patients, regardless of their racial/ethnic group, still experience significantly higher in-hospital mortality rates than their male counterparts. Additionally, among these racial and ethnic groups, black CABG patients, whether male or female, continue to experience significantly worse in-hospital mortality rates than other races/ethnicities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The declines in CABG in-hospital mortality rates have not been equal across race/ethnicity and gender.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy and Management, Emory School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. ebeck01@sph.emory.edu
authors.forename: Edmund R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rahimi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001213:Asian / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015897:Comorbidity; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000401:mortality* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data