title: Racial disparity in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in New York State: a 10-year longitudinal population-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied trends of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy by residential socioeconomic status (SES) and racial/ethnic subgroups in New York State over a 10-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  We merged New York State discharge data for 2.5 million women hospitalized with delivery from 1993 through 2002 with 2000 US Census data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rates of diagnoses for all hypertensive disorders combined and for preeclampsia individually were highest among Black women across all regions and neighborhood poverty levels. Although hospitalization rates for preeclampsia decreased over time for most groups, differences in rates between White and Black women increased over the 10-year period. The proportion of women living in poor areas remained relatively constant over the same period. Black and Hispanic women were more likely than White women to have a form of diabetes and were at higher risk of preeclampsia; preeclampsia rates were higher in these groups both with and without diabetes than in corresponding groups of White women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An increasing trend of racial/ethnic disparity in maternal hypertension rates occurred in New York State during the past decade. This trend was persistent after stratification according to SES and other risk factors. Additional research is needed to understand the factors contributing to this growing disparity.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York 12144, USA.
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Gundegmaa
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jaamaa
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hills
authors.forename: Aida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soim
authors.forename: Motao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Ivan Y
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Shcherbatykh
authors.forename: Renee
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Samelson
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zdeb
authors.forename: Louise-Anne
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: McNutt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017677:Age Distribution; D019352:Censuses; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000191:economics / Q000208:ethnology*; D004461:Eclampsia / Q000191:economics / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D046110:Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced / Q000191:economics / Q000208:ethnology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D009518:New York / Q000453:epidemiology; D011204:Poverty Areas; D011247:Pregnancy; D018566:Pregnancy, High-Risk / Q000208:ethnology*; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000145:classification*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*