title: Biological control of gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes using Duddingtonia flagrans in sheep under natural conditions in Mexico.
abstract: This investigation was aimed to evaluate the use of an oral bio-preparation containing Duddingtonia flagrans chlamydospores for the control of sheep gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes under the Mexican cold high plateau conditions. Two groups of gastrointestinal parasitic nematode naturally infected sheep, were randomly selected and located into two free-gastrointestinal nematode larvae paddocks. Group 1 received once a week a supplement containing D. flagrans chlamydospores mixed with oats and molasses. Group 2 received a similar supplement without any fungal material. After 5 months grazing animals were discarded from the experiment and two groups of free-nematode "tracer" sheep were located into the same paddocks to collect larvae from the contaminated pastures. Animals were slaughtered and necropsied and the nematodes were obtained and counted. A screening of the number of gastrointestinal nematode larvae present on the grass was performed and compared between the two grazing areas. The results showed 56% reduction in the Ostertagia (Teladorsagia) circumcincta and 94% reduction in the Nematodirus sp. population of the "tracer" sheep who grazed on the D. flagrans-treated sheep area, compared to the nematode population in animals grazed on the non-treated area. The results of the number of larvae on the grazing pastures showed a 51.1% reduction for H. contortus, and 100% for Cooperia sp. in the area with fungi. In the case of Trichostrongylus sp. no reduction was observed, when compared to the control group.
authors.affiliation: CENID-Parasitología Veterinaria, INIFAP, Jiutepec, Morelos, México 62550. pedromdgives@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mendoza-De Gives
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zapata Nieto
authors.forename: Enrique Liébano
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: María Eugenia López
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Arellano
authors.forename: David Herrera
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: Roberto González
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Garduño
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000382:microbiology; D000818:Animals; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D006189:Haemonchus / Q000254:growth & development; D007411:Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D008800:Mexico; D003904:Mitosporic Fungi / Q000502:physiology*; D009348:Nematoda / Q000254:growth & development; D009349:Nematode Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D010028:Ostertagia / Q000254:growth & development; D010270:Parasite Egg Count / Q000662:veterinary; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D006109:Poaceae / Q000469:parasitology; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000502:physiology; D014254:Trichostrongylus / Q000254:growth & development