title: Changes in the levels of interferon-gamma and transforming growth factor-beta influence bronchial stenosis during the treatment of endobronchial tuberculosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) has been shown to frequently complicate bronchial stenosis, a condition which can induce dyspnea as a result of airway obstruction, and is also frequently misdiagnosed as either bronchial asthma or lung cancer.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study attempted to determine whether there was a correlation between interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) levels in the serum and bronchial washing fluid (BWF), and the results of the treatment of EBTB patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients, all of whom were diagnosed as EBTB, were enrolled, as were 10 healthy control subjects. IFN-gamma and TGF-beta levels were measured by the ELISA method in the serum and BWF of these 30 EBTB patients before and after treatment. The EBTB patients were divided into two groups: those who exhibited bronchial stenosis after treatment and those who did not. Chest computed tomography (CT) and pulmonary function test (PFT) were performed in 16 and 25 patients, respectively, at initial bronchoscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IFN-gamma and TGF-beta levels in the BWF of the EBTB patients were elevated compared to the controls (p < 0.05). After 2 months of treatment, 13 of the 30 EBTB patients exhibited bronchial fibrostenosis and the other 17 cases had recovered without sequelae. In the bronchial stenosis group, the initial serum TGF-beta levels were lower than in the patients without bronchial stenosis (p < 0.05). Moreover, the levels of serum TGF-beta after treatment were shown to have decreased more than in the patients without bronchial stenosis (p < 0.05). On chest CT findings of 16 EBTB patients, bronchial narrowing was suspected except in 2 cases (1 edematous-hyperemic type, 1 actively caseating type of segmental bronchus). The common features of PFT in EBTB at the initial diagnosis were a restrictive pattern and normal ventilatory function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated IFN-gamma and TGF-beta levels in the BWF of the EBTB patients may be related to EBTB pathogenesis. Lowered initial serum TGF-beta levels as well as the observed changes in the levels of TGF-beta in the serum after treatment have been implicated in bronchial fibrostenosis during the course of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Joe
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001982:Bronchial Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011379:Prognosis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000097:blood*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D007371:Interferon-gamma