title: Antimetastatic activity of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in lung cancer is mediated by insulin-like growth factor-independent urokinase-type plasminogen activator inhibition.
abstract: Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), a major IGF-binding protein in human serum, regulates the growth of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells through IGF-dependent and IGF-independent mechanisms. However, the role of IGFBP-3 in lung cancer metastasis is not well known. In the present study, we showed that noncytotoxic doses of adenoviral or recombinant IGFBP-3 significantly decreased the migration and invasion of H1299 and A549 NSCLC cells. Furthermore, treatment of human lung fibroblasts with recombinant IGFBP-3 suppressed their ability to stimulate the invasion of H1299 cells. Overexpression of IGFBP-3 markedly reduced lung metastasis of A549 cells in an experimental animal model system and prolonged the survival time of the animals. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) inhibitor treatment or uPA small interfering RNA transfection of A549 and H1299 cells resulted in a significant decrease in invasion. Corresponding ELISA, Western blot, gelatin zymogram, and semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR analyses revealed that IGFBP-3 reduced the expression of uPA mRNA through IGF-independent mechanisms. The specific role of uPA in anti-invasive activity of IGFBP-3 was further confirmed in NSCLC cells, in which uPA expression/activity was suppressed by the transfection with synthetic small interfering RNA or by the treatment with uPA inhibitor or induced by the infection with an adenoviral vector. IGFBP-3 also decreased the expression/activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 through IGF-dependent but uPA-independent pathways. Taken together, our data suggest that IGFPB-3 effectively block uPA- and matrix metalloproteinase-2-stimulated invasion pathways, ultimately reducing lung cancer cell metastasis. Our findings indicate that IGFBP-3 may be a promising anti-invasive and antimetastatic therapeutic agent in lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 432, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Seung-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Ok-Hee
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Claudia P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.forename: Yun W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Shi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.forename: Hee-Jae
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: Rang-Woon
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Onn
authors.forename: Roy S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Herbst
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ho-Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2