title: Links between cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: serum lipids or atherosclerosis per se?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Epidemiological observations suggest links between osteoporosis and risk of acute cardiovascular events and vice versa. Whether the two clinical conditions are linked by common pathogenic factors or atherosclerosis per se remains incompletely understood. We investigated whether serum lipids and polymorphism in the ApoE gene modifying serum lipids could be a biological linkage.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an observational study including 1176 elderly women 60-85 years old. Women were genotyped for epsilon (epsilon) allelic variants of the ApoE gene, and data concerning serum lipids (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C, apoA1, ApoB, Lp(a)), hip and spine BMD, aorta calcification (AC), radiographic vertebral fracture and self-reported wrist and hip fractures, cardiovascular events together with a wide array of demographic and lifestyle characteristics were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Presence of the ApoE epsilon 4 allele had a significant impact on serum lipid profile, yet no association with spine/hip BMD or AC could be established. In multiple regression models, apoA1 was a significant independent contributor to the variation in AC. However, none of the lipid components were independent contributors to the variation in spine or hip BMD. When comparing the women with or without vertebral fractures, serum triglycerides showed significant differences. This finding was however not applicable to hip or wrist fractures. After adjustment for age, severe AC score (>or=6) and/or manifest cardiovascular disease increased the risk of hip but not vertebral or wrist fractures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The contribution of serum lipids to the modulators of BMD does not seem to be direct but rather indirect via promotion of atherosclerosis, which in turn can affect bone metabolism locally, especially when skeletal sites supplied by end-arteries are concerned. Further studies are needed to explore the genetic or environmental risk factors underlying the association of low triglyceride levels to vertebral fractures.
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical and Basic Research A/S, Ballerup Byvej 222, DK-2750, Ballerup, Denmark. yb@ccbr.dk
authors.forename: Y Z
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Bagger
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Alexandersen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Werge
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Christiansen
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Tankó
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D006615:Hip; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013131:Spine / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D008055:Lipids