title: Heterogeneity of damage between segments of rat liver after inflow-outflow obstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Total vascular exclusion (TVE) causes warm liver ischemia. The complete explanation of the events during inflow and outflow obstruction of the liver during selective TVE has not yet been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the liver injury caused by inflow-outflow obstruction in the rat liver.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty Wistar-Albino rats were divided into four groups. Liver inflow occlusion (groups A and C) or inflow-outflow occlusion (groups B and D) was applied for 30 minutes. Samples were collected at the end of the ischemia period. We examined oxidative injury in the liver tissue and liver histopathology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oxidative stress and histopathologic alterations were more prominent with TVE application. Significant alterations were shown in hepatic superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and glutathione S-transferase levels. Central segments of the rat liver were affected significantly from inflow occlusion, whereas dome segments were significantly damaged from inflow-outflow occlusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inflow-outflow occlusion of the liver caused more tissue damage compared with inflow occlusion. The pattern of distribution of the damage due to TVE seemed different from other well-known ischemia-reperfusion injuries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Polat
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Topaloglu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sokmensuer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Topaloglu
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Avsar
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozel
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Saygun
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yildiz
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ucar
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hengirmen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007511:Ischemia / Q000473:pathology*; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D008102:Liver Circulation; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar