title: Shack-Hartmann-Based wavefront analyzer for calibrating excimer lasers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Currently, refractive surgical excimer laser systems are calibrated by ablating plastic lenses, which are measured by lensometer and analyzed by a technician. The accuracy of this method is approximately 0.25 diopters (D) in sphere and cylinder power. Theoretically, objective calibration using wavefront technology would be significantly more accurate, thereby improving surgical outcomes. This study describes a Shack-Hartmann-based instrument, which has been developed to measure ablated plastic lenses for calibration and quality control of the excimer laser.
  
  
  METHODS
  A calibration instrument comprising an LED source at 640 nm, a lenslet array, beam-guiding optics, and a CCD camera was designed to perform full wavefront analysis. The measurement plane is conjugate to the lenslet array plane, and the diameter of the pupil is 5 mm. Accuracy was determined by measuring a set of well-calibrated spherical and cylindrical glass lenses. Plastic lenses were ablated, and high-precision measurements were performed by surface profile scanner.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the power range of -6.00 to +4.00 D, repeatability exceeded 0.01 D, accuracy of measurement exceeded 0.04 D, and 10 for the axis of cylinder lenses. The measurement of excimer-ablated plastic lenses agreed with high-precision surface profile scanner measurements within 0.10 D, and repeatability exceeded 0.01 D.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Wavefront technology-based, high-precision measurement of calibration lenses can more accurately set the energy of the excimer laser, which enhances the accuracy of refractive laser correction. In automating calibration, the new instrument removes operator subjectivity and decreases the time needed for calibration.
authors.affiliation: VISX Incorporated, Santa Clara, CA 95051 , USA. seema.somani@amo-inc.com
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Somani
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Leander
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zickler
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gross
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration / Q000592:standards*; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D054018:Lasers, Excimer; D018903:Photorefractive Keratectomy / Q000592:standards*