title: Chronological expression of PAR isoforms in acute liver injury and its amelioration by PAR2 blockade in a rat model of sepsis.
abstract: The liver can be injured and its functions altered by activation of the coagulation and inflammatory processes in sepsis. The objective of the present study was to investigate the pattern of protease- activated receptors (PARs) over time in a model of acute liver injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS); and whether PARs play a role in this process and exert their effects through inflammation and coagulation. Levels of tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) were significantly expressed 1 h after LPS administration followed by: i) an increase in levels of tissue factor, factor VIIa, thrombin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; ii) unchanged or steady levels of tissue factor pathway inhibitor; and iii) subsequent deposition of fibrin in the liver tissue, that led to the elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), which are associated with liver injury. The expression of all PAR isoforms (1-4) was elevated, and each isoform had a distinct cellular localization (hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, the portal triad area, and central veins) and a time-dependent pattern of expression. The immuno-reactivity of PAR2 and 4 in Kupffer cells was intense. Interestingly, PAR2 blocking peptide improved the healing of liver injuries, an effect that was associated with suppression of TNF-a elevation, and normalization of coagulation and fibrinolysis. This ultimately led to decreased fibrin formation in the injured liver. The present study reveals a distinct chronological expression and cellular localization of PARs in LPS-mediated liver injury and shows that blockade of PAR2 may play a crucial role in treating liver injury, via normalization of inflammation, coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways.
authors.affiliation: Division of Acute and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N17 W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060, Japan.
authors.forename: Subrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jesmin
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gando
authors.forename: Sohel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zaedi
authors.forename: Fumika
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sakuraya
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005337:Fibrin / Q000378:metabolism; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D044463:Receptor, PAR-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D044464:Receptor, PAR-2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D044462:Receptors, Proteinase-Activated / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D018179:Receptors, Thrombin / Q000378:metabolism; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010455:Peptides; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D044463:Receptor, PAR-1; D044464:Receptor, PAR-2; D044462:Receptors, Proteinase-Activated; D018179:Receptors, Thrombin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C482199:lipopolysaccharide, E coli O55-B5; C105295:protease-activated receptor 3; D005337:Fibrin; C112908:protease-activated receptor 4