title: Effects of the FAAH inhibitor, URB597, and anandamide on lithium-induced taste reactivity responses: a measure of nausea in the rat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The endogenous cannabinoid system plays a vital role in the control of nausea and emesis. Because of the rapid breakdown and hydrolysis of endocannabinoids, such as anandamide, the therapeutic effects may be enhanced by prolonging their duration of action.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present experiment evaluated the potential of various doses of URB597, a fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor, alone and in combination with systemic administration of anandamide to modulate the establishment of lithium-induced conditioned taste reactivity responses in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  In experiment 1, on the conditioning day, rats first received an injection of 0.3 mg/kg URB597, 0.15 mg/kg URB597, or vehicle and then received a second injection of anandamide (5 mg/kg) or vehicle, before a 3-min exposure of 0.1% saccharin by intraoral infusion. Immediately after the saccharin exposure, the rats were injected with lithium chloride. On each of three test days, rats received a 3-min intraoral infusion of saccharin solution, and the taste reactivity responses were videotaped and monitored. In experiment 2, the effects of pretreatment with the CB(1) antagonist, AM-251, on URB597 and anandamide-induced suppressed aversion was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administration of URB597 alone and in combination with anandamide reduced active rejection reactions elicited by a LiCl-paired saccharin solution; both effects were reversed by pretreatment with AM-251, suggesting that they were CB(1) receptor mediated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that prolonging the action of anandamide by pretreatment with the FAAH inhibitor, URB597, suppresses lithium-induced nausea in the rat.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Shelley K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Cross-Mellor
authors.forename: Klaus-Peter
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Ossenkopp
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Piomelli
authors.forename: Linda A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Parker
mesh_terms: D000581:Amidohydrolases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001245:Association Learning / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002219:Carbamates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D018021:Lithium Chloride / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000099252:Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolases
chemical_list: D000581:Amidohydrolases; D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D001549:Benzamides; D002219:Carbamates; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D018021:Lithium Chloride; D010880:Piperidines; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D011720:Pyrazoles; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; D000099252:Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolases; C500528:cyclohexyl carbamic acid 3'-carbamoylbiphenyl-3-yl ester; C103505:AM 251; C078814:anandamide