Trends in suicide rates of the elderly in Austria, 1970-2004: an analysis of changes in terms of age groups, suicide methods and gender.
BACKGROUND
Suicides of the elderly (persons aged 65 and older) make up a large proportion of total suicides. Since suicide rates of the elderly are highest in western populations, addressing them as a risk group in prevention plans has been recommended. In order to assess possible approaches to prevention strategies, this study examines high-risk groups of the elderly.


METHODS
We examined official statistics on suicides that occurred in Austria between 1970-2004 (18,101 Suicides of the elderly). We analyzed time trends and differences in suicide methods as well as in age groups and both genders of the elderly.


RESULTS
Three major high-risk groups were identified: elderly male suicides by firearms; elderly female suicides by poisoning, which occur more often with increasing age; and suicides of both genders by jumping from heights.


CONCLUSIONS
Besides conducting treatment of psychiatric disorders of the elderly, restricting the means to commit suicide may help to prevent it among the elderly. Such specific prevention strategies should be implemented in national suicide prevention plans for the high-risk groups identified in this study.
Kapusta
Nestor D
ND
Medical University of Vienna, Center for Public Health, Institute of Medical Psychology, Vienna, Austria, and Furtbach Hospital for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Stuttgart, Germany. nestor.kapusta@meduniwien.ac.at
Etzersdorfer
Elmar
E
Sonneck
Gernot
G
D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001317:Austria; D002423:Cause of Death / Q000639:trends*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011041:Poisoning / Q000401:mortality; D012744:Sex Ratio; D013405:Suicide / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000401:mortality