Up-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in perennial allergic rhinitis.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) messenger RNA and protein and to localize the PPAR-gamma protein in the nasal mucosa of patients with allergic rhinitis and control subjects.


METHODS
Prospective study.


METHODS
Tertiary academic institution. Patients Twenty patients with perennial allergic rhinitis and 20 matched nonallergic patients.


METHODS
Inferior turbinate mucosa samples were obtained from 20 patients with perennial allergic rhinitis and 20 matched nonallegic patients. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma messenger RNA was extracted from the inferior turbinate mucosae, and then reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed. Western blot testing was used to analyze differences in PPAR-gamma protein expression levels between patients with allergic rhinitis and normal controls, and the PPAR-gamma protein was localized immunohistochemically.


RESULTS
The expression levels of PPAR-gamma messenger RNA and protein in the nasal mucosa was significantly increased in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis compared with controls. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma protein was expressed in the epithelium, infiltrating inflammatory cells, and submucosal glands.


CONCLUSIONS
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma is expressed in the human nasal mucosa and is up-regulated in perennial allergic rhinitis. These results suggest a possible contribution for PPAR-gamma in chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa in perennial allergic rhinitis.
Kang
Hee Joon
HJ
Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Cinn
Young-Gi
YG
Hwang
Soon Jae
SJ
Won Chae
Sung
S
Woo
Jeong-Soo
JS
Lee
Sang Hag
SH
Lee
Heung-Man
HM
D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
D047495:PPAR gamma; D012333:RNA, Messenger