title: Multisite phosphorylation of the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) by a diversity of protein kinases.
abstract: The prevailing view of stimulus-induced activation of the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) presumes phosphorylation at serine-133. Although, phosphorylation of this residue seems to be necessary, it is not sufficient to trigger CREB-driven transcription, indicating that other phosphoserine-133-independent mechanisms are required for full activation of CREB. One of these additional regulatory mechanisms influencing the transcriptional state of CREB may involve multiple phosphorylation events on other phosphoacceptor sites in the protein. This review focuses on the phosphorylation modifications of CREB by distinct protein kinases and discusses the possible implications for the function of CREB.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Virology, University of Tromso, N-9037 Tromso, Norway.
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Johannessen
authors.forename: Ugo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Moens
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D011494:Protein Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3