title: Less anticipatory guidance is associated with more subsequent injury visits among infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe clinician delivery of injury prevention anticipatory guidance and injury visits in a birth cohort, and to describe the association of injury prevention anticipatory guidance with subsequent injury visits.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a prospective cohort study of 2610 infants born from July 1, 1998 to June 30, 1999, at an urban safety-net hospital and seen subsequently for well child care (WCC, visits = 10558) and/or injury by 16 months of age. Injury guidance was defined as the proportion of recommended injury prevention anticipatory guidance items delivered to those expected, given the WCC visits the child attended. The outcome was a first injury visit to a clinic, emergency department, or hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The injury prevention items most discussed were car seats (84%-95% of all WCC visits) and rolling over at the 2-month WCC visit (80%). Other items were addressed at 36%-69% of visits. A total of 1931 (74%) of children received > or = 50% expected injury guidance. A total of 277 children (11%) had an injury visit, primarily for minor injuries. In unadjusted analysis, children receiving < 25% expected injury guidance were more likely to have a subsequent injury visit (unadjusted odds ratio 6.2; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 3.2-9.7). In adjusted analysis, children who received < 25% and 25%-49% expected injury guidance were more likely to have a subsequent injury visits (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 6.6; 95% CI 3.8-11.2; and AOR 2.9, 95% CI 2.0-4.3, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Disadvantaged children whose families received less injury guidance than other children in their cohort were more likely to have a subsequent injury visit. Further studies are needed to determine whether increased injury prevention counseling reduces injury visits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Tamara.Simon@nsc.utah.edu
authors.forename: Tamara D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Phibbs
authors.forename: L Miriam
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Dickinson
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kempe
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: Arthur J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Simon J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hambidge
mesh_terms: D000056:Accident Prevention / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002662:Child Health Services / Q000592:standards*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003120:Colorado / Q000453:epidemiology; D003151:Community Health Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003376:Counseling / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019033:Delivery of Health Care, Integrated; D017579:Domestic Violence / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education*; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control