title: Evidence for an immune function of lepidopteran silk proteins.
abstract: Hemolymph coagulation stops bleeding and protects against infection. Clotting factors include both proteins that are conserved during evolution as well as more divergent proteins in different species. Here we show that several silk proteins also appear in the clot of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella. RT-PCR analysis reveals that silk proteins are expressed in immune tissues and induced upon wounding in both Galleria and Ephestia kuehniella, a second pyralid moth. Our results support the idea that silk proteins were co-opted for immunity and coagulation during evolution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Functional Genomics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ahmed M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Korayem
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hauling
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lesch
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fabbri
authors.forename: Malin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lindgren
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Loseva
authors.forename: Otto
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Mitchell S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Dushay
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Theopold
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000276:immunology*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005349:Fibroins / Q000276:immunology; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000276:immunology*; D007915:Lepidoptera / Q000276:immunology*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D047011:Silk / Q000276:immunology*; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D047011:Silk; D005349:Fibroins