title: The extent and levels of tinnitus in children of central Ankara.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to determine the presence and prevalence of tinnitus among primary school and junior high school students in central Ankara.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the first stage of the study, all students were tested for the presence of tinnitus by answering a comprehensive questionnaire. The students who had previous ear operations were excluded from the rest of the study. The initial survey/tests yielded presence of tinnitus, frequency of occurrence, characteristics, associated symptoms and the age groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  15.1% of the children reported to have tinnitus. No significant difference was found between gender (female 45.5%, male 54.4%) and ears (right 25.3%, left 25.5%). The age group that suffered most from tinnitus is 14 years old (20.8%), 25 children had positive family history (16.2%), 44 children had headaches as the most common accompanying symptom (28.6%), 64 of them had tiredness as the predisposing factor (41.6%) and 52 of them have defined worsening of tinnitus during mornings (33.8%). The characteristics of tinnitus were identified as high pitch (n=125, 81.2%), soft loudness (n=124, 80.5%) and ringing (n=61, 39.6%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study produced much needed data to shed light onto understanding levels and characteristics of tinnitus in school children in Turkey. The data obtained was carefully analyzed and found to be comparative to international studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Audiology and Speech Pathology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. songulaksoy@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Songul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aksoy
authors.forename: Ozgur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Akdogan
authors.forename: Yesim
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gedikli
authors.forename: Erol
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Belgin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001299:Audiometry; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology