title: Thrombotic microangiopathy involving the gallbladder as an unusual manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome: Case report and review of the literature.
abstract: Gallbladder disease is no more common in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) than in the general population. We describe a 17-year-old patient with SLE, who developed nephritis that was well controlled with medications. Initial treatment consisted of azathioprine, aspirin and prednisone with stable control of her symptoms. Two years later she developed a right quadrant abdominal pain, and an abdominal ultrasound revealed microlithiasic cholecystitis. Open cholecystectomy was performed and the histopathological findings revealed vasculitis with thrombotic microangiopathy in the gallbladder. This case presentation illustrates that calculous or acalculous cholecystitis should be considered as a manifestation of active SLE and APS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: De-Leon-Bojorge
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zaltzman-Girsevich
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ortega-Salgado
authors.forename: Adelina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prieto-Patron
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Córdoba-Córdoba
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamazaki-Nakashimada
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D002764:Cholecystitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000473:pathology