title: Effects of aldosterone receptor blockade in patients with mild-moderate heart failure taking a beta-blocker.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Spironolactone improves prognosis in severe heart failure (HF). We investigated its effects in patients with mild-moderate HF treated with an ACE inhibitor and beta-blocker.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, 3-month comparison of placebo and spironolactone (25 mg daily) in 40 patients in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I (20%), II (70%) or III (10%), with a left ventricular ejection fraction of <40%. The mean (standard error) changes from baseline in the spironolactone and placebo groups were, respectively: i) B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) -53.4(22.2) pg/mL and +3.3(12.1) pg/mL, P=0.04, ii) pro-collagen type III N-terminal amino peptide (PIIINP) -0.6(0.2) micromol/L and +0.02(0.2) micromol/L, P=0.02 and iii) creatinine +10.7(3.2) micromol/L and -0.3(2.6) micromol/L, P=0.01. Compared with placebo, spironolactone therapy was associated with a reduction in self-reported health-related quality of life: change in visual analog score: -6 (3) vs. +6 (4); P=0.01. No differences were observed on other biochemical, neurohumoral, exercise and autonomic function assessments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with mild-moderate HF, spironolactone reduced neurohumoral activation (BNP) and a marker of collagen turnover (PIIINP) but impaired renal function and quality of life. The benefit-risk ratio of aldosterone blockade in mild HF is uncertain and requires clarification in a large randomised trial.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Western Infirmary, and Department of Applied Physiology, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.forename: Niamh F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Niamh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Vito
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galloway
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seed
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Naveed
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sattar
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vallance
authors.forename: W Sewart
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Hillis
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McMurray
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000187:drug effects; D011788:Quality of Life; D018161:Receptors, Mineralocorticoid / Q000187:drug effects; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D013148:Spironolactone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013318:Stroke Volume
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; D018161:Receptors, Mineralocorticoid; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D013148:Spironolactone