title: Wapl controls the dynamic association of cohesin with chromatin.
abstract: Cohesin establishes sister-chromatid cohesion from S phase until mitosis or meiosis. To allow chromosome segregation, cohesion has to be dissolved. In vertebrate cells, this process is mediated in part by the protease separase, which destroys a small amount of cohesin, but most cohesin is removed from chromosomes without proteolysis. How this is achieved is poorly understood. Here, we show that the interaction between cohesin and chromatin is controlled by Wapl, a protein implicated in heterochromatin formation and tumorigenesis. Wapl is associated with cohesin throughout the cell cycle, and its depletion blocks cohesin dissociation from chromosomes during the early stages of mitosis and prevents the resolution of sister chromatids until anaphase, which occurs after a delay. Wapl depletion also increases the residence time of cohesin on chromatin in interphase. Our data indicate that Wapl is required to unlock cohesin from a particular state in which it is stably bound to chromatin.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 7, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kueng
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hegemann
authors.forename: Beate H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Jesse J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lipp
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schleiffer
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mechtler
authors.forename: Jan-Michael
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Peters
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002842:Chromatids / Q000378:metabolism; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000378:metabolism*; D002877:Chromosomes, Human / Q000235:genetics; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006801:Humans; D007399:Interphase; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011418:Prophase; D011485:Protein Binding; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D020449:Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013692:Telophase; D000097722:Cohesins
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002843:Chromatin; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D000097722:Cohesins; C515655:MAU2 protein, human; C490529:MCD1 protein, S cerevisiae; C476199:RAD61 protein, S cerevisiae; C496644:SGO1 protein, human; C488092:WAPL protein, human