title: Eye movements of patients with tunnel vision while walking.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine how severe peripheral field loss (PFL) affects the dispersion of eye movements relative to the head in patients walking in real environments. This information should help to define the visual field and clearance requirements for head-mounted mobility visual aids.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eye positions relative to the head were recorded in five patients with retinitis pigmentosa who had less than 15 degrees of visual field and in three normally sighted people, each walking in varied environments for more than 30 minutes. The eye-position recorder was made portable by modifying a head-mounted system (ISCAN, Burlington, MA). Custom data processing was implemented, to reject unreliable data. Sample standard deviations of eye position (dispersion) were compared across subject groups and environments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients with PFL exhibited narrower horizontal eye-position dispersions than did the normally sighted subjects (9.4 degrees vs. 14.2 degrees , P < 0.0001), and the vertical dispersions of patients with PFL were smaller when they were walking indoors than when walking outdoors (8.2 degrees vs. 10.3 degrees ; P = 0.048).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When walking, the patients with PFL did not increase their scanning eye movements to compensate for missing peripheral vision information. Their horizontal scanning was actually reduced, possibly because of lack of peripheral stimulation. The results suggest that a field of view as wide as 40 degrees may be needed for closed (immersive) head-mounted mobility aids, whereas a much narrower display, perhaps as narrow as 20 degrees , may be sufficient with an open design.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Física, Universidad de Murcia, Spain. vargas@um.es
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vargas-Martín
authors.forename: Eli
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Peli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012174:Retinitis Pigmentosa / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014794:Visual Fields; D016138:Walking