title: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for bladder cancer.
abstract: The 30-45% failure rate after radical cystoprostatectomy mandates that we explore and optimize multimodal therapy to achieve better disease control in these patients. Cisplatin-based multi-agent combination chemotherapy has been used with success in metastatic disease and has therefore also been introduced in patients with high-risk but non-metastatic bladder cancer. There is now convincing evidence that chemotherapy given pre-operatively can improve survival in these patients. In this review we establish the need for peri-operative chemotherapy in bladder cancer patients and summarize the evidence for the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The advantages and disadvantages of neoadjuvant versus adjuvant chemotherapy are discussed, and the main shortcomings of both--treatment-related toxicity and the inability to prospectively identify likely responders--are presented. Finally, a risk-adapted approach to neoadjuvant chemotherapy is presented, whereby the highest risk patients are offered treatment while those unlikely to benefit are spared the treatment-related toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 1373, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Gordon A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: H Barton
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Grossman
authors.forename: Colin P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Dinney
mesh_terms: D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000639:trends; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015653:Cystectomy; D006801:Humans; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects / Q000601:surgery; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*