title: Retrospective analysis of the clinical performance of anterior mediastinotomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Accurate staging of patients with lung cancer is imperative in generating an appropriate treatment strategy. This study examined the clinical performance of anterior mediastinotomy in staging patients with suspected left upper lobe non-small cell lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was designed as a retrospective cohort. All patients with suspected left upper lobe cancer and otherwise normal computed tomography scan results were eligible. Patients with clinically unresectable disease (advanced disease or not fit for surgery) were excluded. After exclusions, 151 patients were stratified into two groups: 117 patients had cervical and anterior mediastinotomy as part of preoperative staging, and 34 had cervical mediastinoscopy only. The primary outcome was rate of preventable thoracotomy defined as thoracotomy during which either metastases to aortopulmonary or paraaortic lymph nodes, or mediastinal invasion was identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of preventable thoracotomy for the anterior mediastinotomy arm was 4 (3.4%) of 117, compared with 1 (2.9%) of 34 for cervical mediastinoscopy-only arm (p = 0.99). The rate of morbidity in the anterior mediastinotomy arm was 8 (6.8%) of 117, compared with 2 (5.8%) of 34 for the cervical mediastinoscopy-only arm (p = 0.99). Anterior mediastinotomy patients stayed in hospital 1 day longer (p = 0.008). Anterior mediastinotomy was successful at harvesting one or more lymph nodes in 67% of patients. Five patients (4.3%) who underwent anterior mediastinotomy were spared a thoracotomy by identification of metastases to aortopulmonary lymph nodes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with suspected left upper lobe lung cancer and otherwise normal computed tomography scan results, anterior mediastinotomy does not significantly reduce the rate of preventable thoracotomy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. pnechala@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Patrik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nechala
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Sean D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: McFadden
authors.forename: Sean C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Grondin
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gelfand
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008482:Mediastinum / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013908:Thoracotomy / Q000379:methods*