Development of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes in follow-up offspring of Caribbean patients with type 2 diabetes: analysis of 5-year follow-up study.
Several reports agreed that the antecedent markers for developing diabetes in offspring of type 2 diabetic patients involve excess body weight and insulin resistance. This study examined the pattern of changes in anthropometric and biochemical risk factors for developing diabetes in a follow-up offspring of Caribbean type 2 diabetic patients. Results of 46 offspring of type 2 diabetic patients who had received one-to-one individualized diet and exercise counseling for 5 years in our laboratory were analyzed. Changes in anthropometric (body weight, waist circumference) and biochemical (insulin, glucose, lipids, HOMA-insulin resistance, HOMA-percent beta-cell function) parameters over the 5-year period were analyzed using ANOVA tests. Of the 46 offspring, 10.9 and 2.2%, respectively, developed impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes. Over the years, IGT offspring had a significant step-wise increase and decrease in fasting and 2-h postprandial plasma glucose levels (P < 0.05) and percent B-cell function (P < 0.001), respectively. Again, a non-significant step-wise increase was observed in body mass index, waist circumference and HOMA-insulin resistance levels (P > 0.05). While we await the results of medication-based intervention studies in different populations, exercise and diet counseling will remain the only available lifestyle intervention strategy for slowing IGT progression to diabetes.
Ezenwaka
Chidum
C
Diabetes and Metabolism Research Group, Department of Para-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago. ezenwaka@yahoo.com
Kalloo
Risha
R
Offiah
Nkechi
N
Eckel
Juergen
J
D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001835:Body Weight; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005192:Family Health; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D012307:Risk Factors; D014300:Trinidad and Tobago; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids