title: Sporadic duodenal bulb gastrin-cell tumors: association with Helicobacter pylori gastritis and long-term use of proton pump inhibitors.
abstract: We reviewed the clinicopathologic profile of a series of recently diagnosed sporadic duodenal gastrin-cell (G-cell) tumors. All cases were discovered incidentally and had a unique clinicopathologic profile: all 18 cases were gastrin-positive tumors located in the duodenal bulb, were small in size (mean size 5.4 mm), demonstrated an insular architectural pattern, and were localized to the lamina propria and submucosa. None of the patients had Zollinger-Ellison or carcinoid syndrome. The behavior was indolent and there was no evidence of metastasis at diagnosis or during follow-up. In our sampled population, the presence of Helicobacter pylori gastritis and the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) were significantly associated with the presence of G-cell tumors. Both the presence of H. pylori gastritis and use of PPI remained significant in a logistic regression model adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, and sex with P values of 0.0016 (odds ratio=10.1, 95% confidence interval: 2.3 to 42.4) and 0.008 (odds ratio=8.9, 95% confidence interval: 1.76 to 45.4), respectively. Most patients with tumors showed G-cell hyperplasia in the nontumorous regions of the duodenum. The high incidence of sporadic duodenal G-cell tumors in patients with H. pylori gastritis and long-term PPI use suggests an association that needs to be further explored. Presence of G-cell hyperplasia in the nontumorous duodenal mucosa suggests that these may originate from a proliferative phase, similar to the hyperplasia-dysplasia-neoplasia sequence seen in other endocrine tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, NM, USA. smerchant@salud.unm.edu
authors.forename: Shakil H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Merchant
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: VanderJagt
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lathrop
authors.forename: Mitual B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Amin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004379:Duodenal Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004386:Duodenum / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005755:Gastrins / Q000378:metabolism; D005756:Gastritis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors
chemical_list: D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D005755:Gastrins; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors