title: Asynchronous blepharospasm, facial and cervical dystonia, and bilateral asynchronous hemifacial spasm.
abstract: We present a patient with a facial movement disorder that has characteristics of both blepharospasm and bilateral asynchronous hemifacial spasm. Because of the increased incidence of blepharospasm in patients with hemifacial spasm, our patient's clinical presentation is probably not a chance occurrence, but rather a manifestation of some predisposition for these two movement disorders. This unusual constellation of signs and symptoms challenges the current diagnostic criteria and suggests that some of these facial movement disorders may lie on a spectrum, rather than represent distinct entities.
authors.affiliation: John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA. bradley.katz@hsc.utah.edu
authors.forename: Bradley J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Burroughs
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Shannon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bownds
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: McCann
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001764:Blepharospasm / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000098:blood supply; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004421:Dystonia / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000098:blood supply; D005260:Female; D019569:Hemifacial Spasm / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D011859:Radiography; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014103:Torticollis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology