title: The role of F3 in the vocal expression of emotions.
abstract: The present study investigates the role of F3 in the perception of valence of emotional expressions by using a vowel [a:] with different F3 values: the original, one with F3 either lowered or raised by 30% in frequency, and one with F3 removed. The vowel [a:] was extracted from the simulated emotions, inverse filtered and manipulated. The resulting 12 synthesized samples were randomized and presented to 30 listeners who evaluated the valence (positiveness/negativeness) of the expressions. The vowel with raised F3 was perceived more often as positive than the sample with original (p = 0.063), lowered (p = 0.006) or removed F3 (p = 0.066). F3 may affect perception of valence if the signal has sufficient energy in high frequency range.
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech Communication and Voice Research, University of Tampere, Finland. teija.waaramaa@uta.fi
authors.forename: Teija
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Waaramaa
authors.forename: Paavo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Alku
authors.forename: Anne-Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Laukkanen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010699:Phonation / Q000502:physiology*; D010700:Phonetics; D013067:Speech Perception; D014833:Voice Quality