title: The effects of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) supplementation on adipokines and C-reactive protein in obese subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obese subjects have functional growth hormone deficiency (GHD). Recombinant human GH (rhGH) treatment of pituitary GHD improves serum levels of leptin, adiponectin and C-reactive protein (CRP). This study was undertaken to determine whether these rhGH-induced changes occur in obese subjects during rhGH supplementation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of low-dose rhGH (200 microg/day for the first month, then 400 microg/day for men and 600 microg/day for women thereafter) or placebo supplementation as an adjuvant to a standard weight loss program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty healthy obese subjects, 28 premenopausal menstruating women (35+/-7 SD years) and 12 men (37+/-6 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  Body weight, BMI, body composition (assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry [DEXA]), and serum levels of glucose, insulin, IGF-I, IGFBP-3, insulin resistance index (homeostasis modal assessment [HOMA]), leptin, CRP and adiponectin were performed at baseline and at 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For similar entry BMI values, women when compared with men had higher percent body fat (BF) (43.5+/-4.6% vs. 29.8+/-4.0%, p<0.001), higher leptin levels (16.9+/-8.4 microg/L vs. 4.2+/-3.0 microg/L, p<0.001), and higher CRP levels (13.8+/-16.8 mg/L vs. 2.4+/-3.2mg/L, p=0.04). Serum levels of leptin and CRP, but not adiponectin, correlated significantly with BF in both sexes. Recombinant human GH treatment increased levels of IGF-I Z-Score between baseline and 6 months (from -0.7+/-0.9 SD to 0.1+/-1.1 SD, p=0.01) and modestly decreased BF (from 38.4+/-7.8% to 35.6+/-7.5%, p=0.046). Despite increased IGF-I, there were no differences between rhGH and placebo with regard to changes in leptin, CRP, or adiponectin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that in obesity, although rhGH treatment significantly increases IGF-I and modestly reduces body fat, the lack of significant changes in serum leptin, adiponectin or CRP levels suggests that rhGH treatment does not have a significant effect on these serum markers of adiposity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63104, USA. albertsg@slu.edu
authors.forename: Stewart G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.forename: Arshag D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Mooradian
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010919:Placebos; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D020738:Leptin; D010919:Placebos; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D002097:C-Reactive Protein