title: Phase II study of cisplatin plus epirubicin salvage chemotherapy in refractory germ cell tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Initial cisplatin (CIS) combination chemotherapy will cure 70% of patients with disseminated testicular cancer. This phase II clinical trial evaluated the combination of CIS plus epirubicin (CIS-EPI) in patients with metastatic germ cell tumors (GCT) not amenable to cure with standard salvage therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between March 2001 and August 2005, 30 patients with GCT, who had received at least one previous CIS-based regimen, were enrolled. All patients were males, with median age 36 (range, 24 to 45 years). Twenty-one patients (70%) had experienced late relapses (> 2 years). Patients received EPI 90 mg/m2 on day 1 and CIS 20 mg/m2 on days 1 to 5 every 3 weeks for maximum of four cycles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen (63%) of 30 patients received all four cycles. Toxicity was primarily hematologic: grade 3/4 neutropenia, four patients (one neutropenic fever); two patients had grade 3 thrombocytopenia, and five patients had grade 3/4 anemia. Nonhematologic toxicity was grade 3 acute renal failure in two patients; grade 3 electrolyte wasting in two patients; grade 3 nausea/vomiting in eight patients; grade 3 elevation of aminotransferases in one patient; and grade 3 diarrhea in one patient. There were no occurrences of severe mucositis, cardiotoxicity, or treatment-related deaths. Nine patients achieved a complete remission; seven of these patients remain without evidence of disease at 25+, 27+, 29+, 44+, 45+, 46+, and 48+ months. One patient remains alive with stable pulmonary nodules at 28+ months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CIS-EPI is an active regimen in metastatic GCT, with an acceptable toxicity profile. This regimen offers potential for long-term disease-free survival in this population.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology-Oncology and Biostatistics, Indiana University Medical Center and Walther Cancer Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA. pabedano@iupui.edu
authors.forename: Pablo M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Bedano
authors.forename: Mary J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Brames
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Beth E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Juliar
authors.forename: Lawrence H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Einhorn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D015251:Epirubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D015251:Epirubicin; D002945:Cisplatin