title: Dogs with patent Dirofilaria immitis infection have higher expression of circulating IL-4, IL-10 and iNOS mRNA than those with occult infection.
abstract: Dirofilaria immitis is the agent of canine heartworm disease, in which adult worms reside in the pulmonary arteries, producing first stage larvae (microfilariae) that are released into the bloodstream. The present work describes the cytokine and iNOS mRNA expression in the peripheral blood of naturally infected dogs classified as either microfilariemic or amicrofilariemic. Results show that microfilariemic dogs had higher expression of IL-4 and iNOS mRNA than amicrofilariemic dogs. Furthermore, IL-10 mRNA expression was strongly expressed in dogs with circulating microfilariae, compared to only negligible expression in amicrofilariemic dogs. Finally, mf+ status was associated with a predominance in IgG1 production against worm antigens. These results would suggest that circulating mf may stimulate, like in other filarial infections, an immune bias towards unresponsiveness in D. immitis-infected dogs, consenting long-term adult worm survival.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morchón
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: López-Belmonte
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bazzocchi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grandi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Simón
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004183:Dirofilaria immitis; D004184:Dirofilariasis / Q000276:immunology*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D004285:Dogs; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000235:genetics*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II