title: Increased dietary protein and combined high intensity aerobic and resistance exercise improves body fat distribution and cardiovascular risk factors.
abstract: We investigated the effectiveness of two lifestyle modification programs of exercise training and nutritional intake (ad libitum) on improving body composition and disease risk in overweight/obese men and women. Sixty-three subjects were weight matched and assigned to one of three groups for a 12 wk intervention: (1) high-intensity resistance and cardiovascular training and a balanced diet (RC+BD, 40% CHO: 40% PRO; n=27, 16 female/11 male, age = 42 +/- 9 y); (2) moderate-intensity cardiovascular training and a traditional food guide pyramid diet (C+TD, CHO 50 to 55%; PRO 15 to 20%; FAT < 30%; n=19, 10 female/9 male, age = 43 +/- 10 y); and (3) an inactive control group (C, n=17, 5 female/12 male, age 43 +/- 11 y). RC+BD resulted in more favorable changes (P < 0.01) in percent body fat (-15.8% vs. -6.9%) and abdominal fat (-15.6% vs. -7.5%) compared to C+TD and C. Total cholesterol (-13.8%), LDL-cholesterol (-20.8%), and systolic blood pressure (-5.7%) declined (P > 0.05) in RC+BD, whereas C+TD and C remained unchanged. Our results suggest that RC+BD may be more effective than C+TD and C in enhancing body composition and lowering cardiovascular risk in obese individuals.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Exercise Science Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Arciero
authors.forename: Christopher L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Gentile
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martin-Pressman
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ormsbee
authors.forename: Meghan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Everett
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zwicky
authors.forename: Christine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Steele
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000628:therapy*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D002784:Cholesterol