title: Genetic variation of foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates recovered from persistently infected water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).
abstract: Genetic variation of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) isolates, serotype O, recovered serially over a 1-year period from persistently infected buffalos was assessed. The persistent state was established experimentally with plaque-purified FMDV, strain O(1)Campos, in five buffalos (Bubalus bubalis). Viral isolates collected from esophageal-pharyngeal (EP) fluids for up to 71 weeks after infection were analyzed at different times by nucleotide sequencing and T(1) RNase oligonucleotide fingerprinting to assess variability in the VP1-coding region and in the complete genome, respectively. Genetic variation increased, although irregularly, with time after infection. The highest values observed for the VP1-coding region and for the whole genome were 2.5% and 1.8%, respectively. High rates of fixation of mutations were observed using both methodologies, reaching values of 0.65 substitutions per nucleotide per year (s/nt/y) and 0.44s/nt/y for nucleotide sequencing and oligonucleotide fingerprinting, respectively, when selected samples recovered at close time periods were analyzed. The data herein indicate that complex mixtures of genotypes may arise during FMDV type O persistent infection in water buffalos, which can act as viral reservoirs and also represent a potential source of viral variants. These results fit within the quasi-species dynamics described for FMDV, in which viral populations are constituted by related, non-identical genomes that evolve independently from each other, and may predominate at a given time.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Bloco I, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Júnior F
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.forename: Viviana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Malirat
authors.forename: Moacyr A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rebello
authors.forename: Eliane V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Ingrid E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Bergmann
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002020:Buffaloes / Q000821:virology*; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005536:Foot-and-Mouth Disease / Q000821:virology*; D029544:Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014644:Genetic Variation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; C442501:VP1 protein, Foot-and-mouth disease virus