title: Pharmacogenomics of the polyamine analog 3,8,13,18-tetraaza-10,11-[(E)-1,2-cyclopropyl]eicosane tetrahydrochloride, CGC-11093, in the colon adenocarcinoma cell line HCT1161.
abstract: Polyamine analogs are known to inhibit tumorigenesis at least in part by mimicking some of the regulatory roles of natural polyamines. To begin the identification of those signaling pathways that are involved in differential cellular responses to the synthetic conformationally restricted polyamine analog CGC-11093, we conducted gene expression profiling, proteomic, and genome-wide DNA methylation and histone acetylation analyses of the HCT116 colon adenocarcinoma cell line after treatment with this analog. Gene expression analysis was performed using Affymetrix GeneChip human genome U133 Plus 2.0 arrays. Changes in protein expression were evaluated using 2D polyacrylamide gels followed by LCMS/MS. DNA methylation was measured using 6,800 element CpG island microarrays. Treatment of cells with CGC-11093 at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 microM caused inhibition of cell growth and metabolic activity, but only minimally affected cell viability. Gene expression analysis showed concentration-dependent effects of CGC-11093 on the DNA/RNA binding transcription factor, cell cycle, signaling, transport, cytoskeletal/structural, and serine protease genes. Functional gene analysis revealed distinct expression patterns related to inhibition of cell cycle control, TGF beta signaling, proteasome and RNA polymerase pathways, upregulation of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthesis pathway, and perturbations in the MAPK and Wnt signaling pathways. Microarray results were validated for selected genes with real time RT PCR. Proteomics analysis showed correlative changes in the expression of proteins involved in the regulation of proteasome function (proteasome subunit Y) and tRNA synthesis. CGC-11093 treatment did not produce any detectable changes in DNA methylation or histone acetylation in cells. This study validates specific target pathways for a specific conformationally restricted polyamine analog and suggests the utility of combined gene and DNA methylation microarrays along with proteomic analyses as a useful approach to the evaluation of the mechanisms of action of anticancer drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, 1515 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA. nai@email.arizona.edu
authors.forename: Natalia A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Ignatenko
authors.forename: Hagit F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Yerushalmi
authors.forename: George S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Watts
authors.forename: Bernard W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Futscher
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Stringer
authors.forename: Laurence J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Marton
authors.forename: Eugene W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Gerner
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D018899:CpG Islands; D019175:DNA Methylation; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D045325:HCT116 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D011073:Polyamines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D040901:Proteomics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C515676:CGC 11093; D006657:Histones; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011073:Polyamines