[Costs of occupational diseases and accidents at work in Poland].
BACKGROUND
The costs of occupational diseases and accidents at work in the state members of the European Union keep at a level of several percent of their gross national product (GNP). Employees, employers and the society as a whole have to incur this financial burden. Therefore, all social partners should be involved in the improvement of health and safety in the work environment through their concerted efforts. It should be pointed out that information in the field of economy is an inherent instrument of all activities. It allows to estimate economic consequences of occupational diseases and accidents at work as well as to formulate future strategies. The aim of this study was to estimate and assess the range of the expenditure of money on occupational diseases and accidents at work in Poland in 2004.


METHODS
The algorithm for estimating economic consequences of occupational diseases and accidents at work was developed, taking into account, e.g., the selected components of the costs, the estimation of economic consequences for the national economy, and the costs incurred by employers and social insurance institutions. In addition, the model for estimating economic consequences and defining the range of expenditure of money on occupational diseases and accidents at work relative to indicators of socioeconomic situation of the country was constructed. Economic consequences are understood as costs incurred by the health care and social insurance systems in Poland, institutions, companies, and individual employees.


RESULTS
The following cost components were estimated: the average-annual costs of lost production, sickness benefits, social insurance benefits and those incurred by enterprises related with accidents at work and occupational diseases.


CONCLUSIONS
Due to the lack of complete, reliable information essential for estimating economic consequences, a number of assumptions and study limitations were accepted. The range of identified and estimated costs of occupational diseases and accidents at work was set relative to GNP and to the value added in the national economy. Bearing in mind that the costs of occupational diseases and accidents at work are underestimated, it can be concluded that their share in values characteristic of the national economy do not depart from average values recorded in European countries.
Rydlewska-Liszkowska
Izabela
I
Z Zakładu Polityki Zdrowotnej, Instytutu Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra med. i. Nofera w Lodzi. iza_ez@imp.lodz.pl
D000062:Accidents, Occupational / Q000191:economics* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D017049:Employer Health Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005062:European Union / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006264:Health Benefit Plans, Employee / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D009786:Occupational Health Services / Q000191:economics; D009787:Occupational Medicine / Q000191:economics; D011044:Poland; D012943:Social Security / Q000191:economics; D014942:Workers' Compensation / Q000191:economics