title: Analysis of HIV-1 sequences before and after co-infecting syphilis.
abstract: Increasing syphilis incidence among men who have sex with men (MSM) has been reported. The index case was a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-positive MSM who presented coincidentally with the secondary syphilis and a rebound of plasma viral load after complete suppression of HIV-1 (below 50 copies/ml) for 13 months with potent antiretroviral therapy (PART), suggesting a possibility of HIV-1 superinfection. We analyzed HIV-1 sequences before and after syphilis in four HIV-1-positive patients including the index case to explore drug resistance mutations (DRMs) and a possibility of HIV-1 superinfection. There were patients who obtained DRMs around syphilis infection but no evidence of HIV-1 superinfection was obtained. Our results underline the importance of strict adherence to PART.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, 108-8639 Tokyo, Japan. koga@ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Odawara
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.forename: Mieko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Aikichi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001483:Base Sequence; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000235:genetics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D016333:HIV Protease / Q000235:genetics; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D016366:Open Reading Frames / Q000235:genetics; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017421:Sequence Analysis; D015163:Superinfection; D013587:Syphilis / Q000150:complications*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; C059762:HIV envelope protein gp120 (305-321); D010446:Peptide Fragments; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D016333:HIV Protease