title: Klf4 and corticosteroids activate an overlapping set of transcriptional targets to accelerate in utero epidermal barrier acquisition.
abstract: Premature infants are at an increased risk for infections and dehydration because of incomplete development of the epidermis, which attains its essential function as a barrier only during the last stages of in utero development. When a premature birth is anticipated, antenatal corticosteroids are administered to accelerate lung epithelium differentiation. One pleiotropic, but beneficial, effect of antenatal corticosteroids is acceleration of skin barrier establishment by an unknown mechanism. In mice, the transcription factor Klf4 is both necessary and sufficient, within a developmental field of competence, to establish this skin barrier, as demonstrated by targeted ablation and transgenic expression of Klf4, respectively. Here, we report that Klf4 and corticosteroid treatment coordinately accelerate barrier acquisition in vivo. Transcriptional profiling reveals that the genes regulated by corticosteroids and Klf4 during the critical window of epidermal development significantly overlap. KLF4 activates the proximal promoters of a significant subset of these genes. Dissecting the intersection of the genetic and pharmacological pathways, regulated by KLF4 and corticosteroids, respectively, leads to a mechanistic understanding of the normal process of epidermal development in utero.
authors.affiliation: National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Satyakam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Zong Fang
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.forename: Eun Young
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McGaughey
authors.forename: Julia A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Segre
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004817:Epidermis / Q000196:embryology*; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000502:physiology*; D018390:Gene Targeting; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; C000715467:KLF4 protein, human; C000715468:Klf4 protein, mouse; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors