title: Predictors of seminal vesicle invasion before radical prostatectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To predict whether or not seminal vesicle invasion is present before radical prostatectomy, the relationships between clinical parameters and seminal vesicle invasion were analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review was conducted of 187 patients who had been clinically diagnosed with stages A(2), B(0), B(1), B(2) or C prostate cancer and who had undergone radical prostatectomy without neoadjuvant therapy. The parameters analyzed for potential predictors of seminal vesicle invasion before radical prostatectomy included age, clinical stage, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level at biopsy, tumor differentiation of biopsy specimens and percentage of cancer positive cores by biopsy. For percentage of cancer positive cores by biopsy, 143 of 187 patients who underwent transrectal sextant biopsy or more than six transrectal ultrasound guided core biopsies were evaluated. These parameters were subjected to univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to identify predictors for seminal vesicle invasion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age was 66.8 years (range 51-77 years). Of 187 patients, 27 (14.4%) had seminal vesicle invasion confirmed pathologically. There were significant differences in all parameters except for age between patients with positive and negative seminal vesicle invasion on univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis revealed that serum PSA level, tumor differentiation of biopsy specimens and percentage of cancer positive cores were significant independent predictors of seminal vesicle invasion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results showed serum PSA level, tumor differentiation of biopsy specimens and percentage of cancer positive cores by biopsy before radical prostatectomy may be useful predictors for seminal vesicle invasion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, School of Health Sciences and Nursing, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuzuri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsurumaki
authors.forename: Kyoichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: Haruki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kume
authors.forename: Takuhiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Teppei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Takumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Tadaichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitamura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D019160:Endosonography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012372:ROC Curve; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012669:Seminal Vesicles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*