title: The impact of cost on the availability of fruits and vegetables in the homes of schoolchildren in Birmingham, Alabama.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fruit and vegetable cost is a presumed barrier to intake. We sought to determine whether fruit and vegetable cost and consumers' race and income would predict availability of fruits and vegetables in homes of schoolchildren in the Birmingham, Ala, area.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on availability of 27 fruit and vegetable items were obtained from homes of 1355 children (32% African American) in the Birmingham area. Fruit and vegetable costs were obtained from the US Department of Agriculture. We used discrete choice analysis with the dependent variable represented as presence or absence of the fruit or vegetable item. Explanatory variables included fruit and vegetable price per serving; child's gender, race, and age; and parent's body mass index and income.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher cost was inversely related to fruit and vegetable availability. Higher income, African American race, and female gender were positively related to availability. Cost per serving was stratified into 3 categories-low, medium, and high. Relative to low-cost items, only high-cost items decreased the odds of availability significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fruit and vegetable cost does impact availability and has the greatest impact for high-cost items. Although cost was inversely related to availability, African Americans reported higher fruit and vegetable availability than Whites. Additional studies are needed to determine whether food items of lower nutritive value and comparable cost impact availability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, USA. ardj@uab.edu
authors.forename: Jamy D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ard
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fitzpatrick
authors.forename: Renee A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Desmond
authors.forename: Bryce S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pisu
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Allison
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Franklin
authors.forename: Monica L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Baskin
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology; D000407:Alabama; D002648:Child; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis / Q000639:trends*; D005191:Family Characteristics / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000208:ethnology; D005638:Fruit / Q000191:economics / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D015438:Health Behavior / Q000208:ethnology; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control; D012572:School Health Services; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014504:Urban Health; D014675:Vegetables / Q000191:economics / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology