title: Training on the clock: family medicine residency directors' responses to resident duty hours reform.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education's 2003 restrictions on resident duty hours (RDH) raised concerns among educators about potential negative impacts on residents' training. In the early wake of these restrictions, little is known about how RDH reform impacts training in primary care. The authors surveyed family medicine (FM) residency program directors (PDs) for their perceptions of the impact of RDH regulations on training in primary care.
  
  
  METHODS
  All PDs of 472 FM residency programs were asked via list-serve to complete an anonymous Internet-based survey in the fall of 2004. The survey solicited PDs' opinions about changes in staff and in residents' training experiences with respect to implementation of RDH regulations. Descriptive and qualitative analyses were conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 369 partial and 328 complete responses, for a response rate of 69% (328/472). Effects of the RDH regulations are varied. Fifty percent of FMPDs report increased patient-care duties for attendings, whereas 42% report no increase. Nearly 80% of programs hired no additional staff. Sixty percent of programs eliminated postcall clinics, and nearly 40% implemented a night-float system. Administrative hassles and losses of professionalism, educational opportunity, and continuity of care were common concerns, but a sizeable minority feel that residents will be better off under the new regulations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many FMPDs cited increased faculty burden and the risk of lower-quality educational experiences for their trainees. Innovations for increasing the effectiveness of teaching may ultimately compensate for lost educational time. If not, alternatives such as extending the length of residency must be considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Lars E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Hillary
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Perry A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Pugno
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bazemore
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D000068:Accreditation; D005194:Family Practice / Q000193:education*; D007396:Internship and Residency; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States