title: A physical linkage between cystic fibrosis airway surface dehydration and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms.
abstract: A vexing problem in cystic fibrosis (CF) pathogenesis has been to explain the high prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in CF airways. We speculated that airway surface liquid (ASL) hyperabsorption generates a concentrated airway mucus that interacts with P. aeruginosa to promote biofilms. To model CF vs. normal airway infections, normal (2.5% solids) and CF-like concentrated (8% solids) mucus were prepared, placed in flat chambers, and infected with an approximately 5 x 10(3) strain PAO1 P. aeruginosa. Although bacteria grew to 10(10) cfu/ml in both mucus concentrations, macrocolony formation was detected only in the CF-like (8% solids) mucus. Biophysical and functional measurements revealed that concentrated mucus exhibited properties that restrict bacterial motility and small molecule diffusion, resulting in high local bacterial densities with high autoinducer concentrations. These properties also rendered secondary forms of antimicrobial defense, e.g., lactoferrin, ineffective in preventing biofilm formation in a CF-like mucus environment. These data link airway surface liquid hyperabsorption to the high incidence of P. aeruginosa biofilms in CF via changes in the hydration-dependent physical-chemical properties of mucus and suggest that the thickened mucus gel model will be useful to develop therapies of P. aeruginosa biofilms in CF airways.
authors.affiliation: Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
authors.forename: Hirotoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Victoria E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Ute E
authors.initials: UE
authors.lastname: Schwab
authors.forename: Troy D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Button
authors.forename: Russell M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Superfine
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rubinstein
authors.forename: Barbara H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Iglewski
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Boucher
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D009093:Mucus / Q000382:microbiology; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000502:physiology*; D012996:Solutions; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D012996:Solutions; D014867:Water