title: Life 20 years after unsuccessful infertility treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study explores the long-term experience of involuntary childlessness among 14 Swedish women 20 years after their infertility treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  In-depth interviews were conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The childlessness had had a strong impact on all the women's lives and was for all a major life theme. The effects were experienced both on a personal level and on interpersonal and social levels. Half of the women were separated, and in all but one, sexual life was affected in negative and long-lasting ways. The effects of childlessness were especially increased at the time the study was conducted, as the women's peer group was entering the 'grandparent phase'. Many coped with their childlessness by caring for others, such as the children of friends or relatives, elderly parents or animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings represent a small sample, but they point towards the need for developing models of counselling and support that stimulate self-reflection and strengthen personal resources and empowerment for individuals and couples experiencing involuntary childlessness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden. ingegerd.wirtberg@mariestad.mail.telia.com
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wirtberg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Möller
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hogström
authors.forename: S-E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Tronstad
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lalos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D017028:Caregivers; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D012649:Self Concept; D019529:Sexuality; D017211:Treatment Failure