International Union of Pharmacology. LXVI. Orphan nuclear receptors.
Half of the members of the nuclear receptors superfamily are so-called "orphan" receptors because the identity of their ligand, if any, is unknown. Because of their important biological roles, the study of orphan receptors has attracted much attention recently and has resulted in rapid advances that have helped in the discovery of novel signaling pathways. In this review we present the main features of orphan receptors, discuss the structure of their ligand-binding domains and their biological functions. The paradoxical existence of a pharmacology of orphan receptors, a rapidly growing and innovative field, is highlighted.
Benoit
Gérard
G
Unité Mixte de Recherche 5161 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 1237, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 128 BioSciences Lyon-Gerland, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.
Cooney
Austin
A
Giguere
Vincent
V
Ingraham
Holly
H
Lazar
Mitch
M
Muscat
George
G
Perlmann
Thomas
T
Renaud
Jean-Paul
JP
Schwabe
John
J
Sladek
Frances
F
Tsai
Ming-Jer
MJ
Laudet
Vincent
V
D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D009154:Mutation; D010802:Phylogeny; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D009626:Terminology as Topic
D008024:Ligands; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear