title: [Unsuccessful laparoscopic castration in a cryptorchid Frisian stallion].
abstract: A 2-year-old unilateral inguinal cryptorchid Frisian stallion was castrated by bilateral laparoscopic intra-abdominal spermatic cord transection. Because blood testosterone levels were still high on postoperative day 7, both testicles were removed using an open approach. Pathology revealed the presence of vital Leydig-cells in both testes. Failure of the laparoscopic castration in this horse was attributed to an alternate blood supply to the testes by vessels derived from the cremaster and/or external pudendal artery.
authors.affiliation: Departement Gezondheidszorg Paard, Faculteit der Diergeneeskunde, Universiteit Utrecht, Yalelaan 12, 3584 CM, Utrecht.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Voermans
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: van der Velden
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D006736:Horses; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D009919:Orchiectomy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D013737:Testis / Q000098:blood supply*; D017211:Treatment Failure