title: Retrospective analysis of medication incidents reported using an on-line reporting system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the types of prescribing, administration and dispensing incidents reported to an on-line incident-reporting scheme and determine the types of healthcare professionals responsible for reporting such incidents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of medication-related incidents reported to an on-line incident-reporting scheme in a large (1000-bed) teaching hospital in the UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  Frequency and type of incidents, the discipline of the health care professional who reported the incident and the stage in the medication use process (prescribing, dispensing, or administration) at which the incident occurred.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over a 26-month study period, there were 495 medication-related incidents reported, of which 38.6% (191) were classified to be a "near miss". Medication-related incidents were reported most often at the stages of administration (230, 46.5%) and prescribing (192, 38.8%), whilst incidents involving dispensing or supply of medication were reported less often (73, 14.7%). Of all the incidents, pharmacists reported 51.9% (257), nursing staff reported 37.6% (186), and doctors reported 9.1% (45). Cardiovascular (149, 30.1%), central nervous system (106, 21.4%), and antibiotic/anti-infective medication (71, 14.3%) were the most common therapeutic categories associated with reports of medication-related incidents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An on-line reporting scheme can be used to monitor medication-related incidents at key stages in the medication-use process in secondary care. The types of incidents reported by health care professionals differ markedly, with fewer medication-related incidents being reported by doctors. Future research should explore the prevailing safety culture amongst the different health care disciplines, and examine the impact that information technology has on the willingness of health care professionals to report adverse incidents.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK. darren.ashcroft@manchester.ac.uk
authors.forename: Darren M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ashcroft
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cooke
mesh_terms: D016907:Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; D004363:Drug Utilization; D006751:Hospital Information Systems; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000592:standards; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000592:standards; D009862:Online Systems; D010595:Pharmacists; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital / Q000592:standards; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000592:standards; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012308:Risk Management / Q000379:methods*; D006113:United Kingdom