title: Using sonography for the early detection of elbow injuries among young baseball players.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of sonography for detecting elbow injuries among young baseball players.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred fifty-three volunteers ranging in age from 9 to 12 years and belonging to youth baseball teams participated. Sonography of the elbow was performed in the field when baseball exercises were being conducted. We analyzed the relationship between elbow pain and sonographic abnormalities and the relationship between pitchers and sonographic abnormalities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sonography showed that 33 subjects had medial epicondylar fragmentation and two had early-stage osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum. In 25 subjects who agreed to further examination and treatment, radiography confirmed the sonographic findings. All of the 23 subjects with medial epicondylar fragmentation, who stopped throwing, obtained union of the bone and returned to baseball. The two subjects with osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum underwent surgery before the osteochondral fragment became loosened. Sonographic abnormalities correlated with episodes of elbow pain. Pitchers statistically significantly had sonographic abnormalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sonography in the field can provide an opportunity to detect and treat elbow injuries before they become more advanced.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Iida Nishi 2-2-2, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahara
authors.forename: Junya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Nariyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mura
authors.forename: Tomokazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogino
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001484:Baseball / Q000293:injuries*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004550:Elbow / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods; D000092464:Elbow Injuries