title: Efficacy of N-acetyl-cysteine in combination with thiamphenicol in sequential (intramuscular/aerosol) therapy of upper respiratory tract infections even when sustained by bacterial biofilms.
abstract: A total of 102 patients with recurrent upper respiratory tract infections underwent microbiological exploration with appropriate sampling and direct biopsies of the infected sites. Therapy was then started and on day 1 each patient received two intramuscular injections of thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteinate (TGA). From day 2 to 10 sequential therapy with the same drug was continued employing TGA administered by aerosol. All putative etiologic agents recovered were susceptible to thiamphenicol and only 24 demonstrated the ability to produce in vitro biofilms. The organisms comprised 10 Staphylococcus aureus, 6 Streptococcus pyogenes, 4 Streptococcus pneumoniae and 3 Haemophilus influenzae. Of the 24 subjects in whom biofilms were demonstrated to be present in vivo by Scanning Electron Microscopy, clinical and bacteriological cure was obtained in 21 cases (87.5%) following sequential therapy with TGA. Failures were considered to be persistent signs and symptoms at day 15 after initiation of treatment and lack of eradication of 3 S. aureus strains, despite their in vitro susceptibility to thiamphenicol. Very few adverse events attributable to TGA were reported in this cohort of patients. In no case was discontinuation of treatment deemed necessary by the attending physician.
authors.affiliation: Clinica di Otorinolaringoiatria, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese and Institutes of Microbiology, Catholic University of Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Macchi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ardito
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marchese
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Schito
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fadda
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000336:Aerosols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005100:Expectorants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D013839:Thiamphenicol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005100:Expectorants; C028814:thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteinate; D013839:Thiamphenicol; D000111:Acetylcysteine