title: Estimating glomerular filtration rate in Asian patients with chronic kidney diseases from bioelectrical impedance analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is usually determined from 24-hour urine collection, but it is time-consuming, and difficult in clinical practice. The authors attempted to select an accurate and safe, but more convenient test to obtain an estimated GFR.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare estimation of GFR by Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) with GFR calculated by 24-hour urine averaged creatinine clearance and urea clearance (Ccr-Cu-GFR).
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors examined 79 non-diabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients that had estimated GFR between 15 and 89 ml/min/1. 73 m(2). Subjects were categorized into three subgroups according to K/DOQI-CKD classification: GFR of 60-89 m/min/1. 73m(2) (stage 2, 5 subjects), 30-59 ml/min/ 1.73m(2) (stage 3, 31 subjects), and 15-29 ml/min/1.73m(2) (stage 4, 43 subjects).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean value of Ccr-Cu-GFR was 33.79+/-14.78 ml/min/1. 73 m(2) and GFR by BIA (BIA-GFR), 34.63 +/- 14.86 ml/min/1. 73 m(2) with no overall statistical differences (p = 0.838). In stage 3 CKD patients, the mean BIA-GFR and Ccr-Cu-GFR were similar (38.84+/-12.47 vs 41.16+/-9.17, p = 0. 399) while in stage 2 CKD, BIA-GFR tended to underestimate (63.50+/- 19.35 vs 70.94+/-7.82, p = 0.407) and in stage 4 CKD, BIA-GFR significantly overestimated Ccr-Cu-GFR (27.31+/-9.11 vs 23.76+/-5.68, p = 0.040).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that BIA-GFR in non-diabetic CKD patients closely resembled with Ccr-Cu-GFR especially in stage 3 CKD patients. BIA-GFR may be considered as a more convenient test for an assessment of GFR in non-diabetic CKD patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nopparat Rajathanee Hospital, Bangkok 10230, Thailand. satirapoj@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Bancha
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Satirapoj
authors.forename: Ouppatham
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Supasyndh
authors.forename: Jayanton
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Patumanond
authors.forename: Punbuppa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Choovichian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged