Novel and potential future biomarkers for assessment of the severity and prognosis of chronic heart failure : a clinical review.
Over the last two decades, the pathophysiology and biomolecular basis of heart failure syndrome has reached sound and more comprehensive understanding. This knowledge has allowed expert researchers and clinicians to explore an entirely new spectrum of potential biochemical markers derived from different cellular and signaling pathways that lead to myocardial hypertrophy, chronic damage of the myocyte, apoptosis, and, ultimately, myocardial remodeling. Indeed, the link between myocardial remodeling and adverse outcomes, as well as the recognition of the myocardial interstitium as a multifunctional dynamic entity strongly influenced by systemic neurohormonal and inflammatory activation, has provided a solid ground for research of biomarkers that might correlate with severity and prognostication in chronic heart failure. This paper reviews and summarize recent literature on some of the most interesting circulating biomarkers with potential use for the stratification of patients with chronic heart failure.
de Virginy
David R Buvat
DR
Department of Internal Medicine, St. John's Clinic, 1100 West 10th Street, Suite 270, Rolla, Missouri 65401, USA. Buvat38MD@hotmail.com
D015415:Biomarkers; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D011379:Prognosis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
D015415:Biomarkers