title: Transanal endoscopic microsurgery for carcinoma of the rectum.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The authors present their experience with rectal cancers managed by transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM).
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study investigated patients undergoing primary TEM excision for definitive treatment of rectal cancer between January 1996 and December 2003 by a single surgeon in a tertiary referral colorectal surgical unit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For this study, 52 patients (30 men and 22 women) underwent TEM excision of a rectal cancer. Their mean age was 74.3 years (range, 48-93 years). The median diameter of the lesions was 3.44 cm (range, 1.6-8.5 cm). The median distance of the lesions from the anal verge was 8.8 cm (range, 3-15 cm), with the tumor more than 10 cm from the anal verge in 36 patients. The median operating time was 90 min (range, 20-150 min), and the median postoperative stay was 2 days. All patients underwent full-thickness excisions. There were 11 minor complications, 2 major complications, and no deaths. The mean follow-up period was 40 months (range, 22-82 months). None of the pT1 rectal cancers received adjuvant therapy. Eight patients with pT2 rectal cancer and two patients with pT3 rectal cancer received postoperative adjuvant therapy. The overall local rate of recurrence was 14%, and involved cases of T2 and T3 lesions, with no recurrence after excision of T1 cancers. Three patients died during the follow-up period, but no cancer-specific deaths occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings warrant the conclusion that TEM is a safe, effective treatment for selected cases of rectal cancer, with low morbidity and no mortality. The TEM procedure broadens the range of lesions suitable for local resection to include early cancers (pTis and pT1) and more advanced cancers only in frail people.
authors.affiliation: Academic Surgical Unit, University of Hull and Castle Hill Hospital, Castle Road, Cottingham, East Yorkshire, Hull, HU16 5JQ, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maslekar
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Pillinger
authors.forename: J R T
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Monson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001003:Anal Canal; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011351:Proctoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome