title: Mechanisms of endothelin-1-induced MAP kinase activation in adrenal glomerulosa cells.
abstract: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) such as angiotensin II, bradykinin and endothelin-1 (ET-1) are critically involved in the regulation of adrenal function, including aldosterone production from zona glomerulosa cells. Whereas, substantial data are available on the signaling mechanisms of ET-1 in cardiovascular tissues, such information in adrenal glomerulosa cells is lacking. Bovine adrenal glomerulosa (BAG) cells express receptors for endothelin-1 (ET-1) and their stimulation caused phosphorylation of Src (at Tyr416), proline-rich tyrosine kinase (Pyk2 at Tyr402), extracellularly regulated signal kinases (ERK1/2), and their dependent proteins, p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK-1) and CREB. ET-1 elicited these responses predominantly through activation of a G(i)-linked cascade with a minor contribution from the G(q)/PKC pathway. Whereas, selective inhibition of EGF-R kinase with AG1478 caused complete inhibition of EGF-induced ERK/RSK-1/CREB activation, it caused only partial reduction (30-40%) of such ET-1-induced responses. Consistent with this, inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) with GM6001 reduced ERK1/2 activation by ET-1, consistent with partial involvement of the MMP-dependent EGF-R activation in this cascade. Activation of ERK/RSK-1/CREB by both ET-1 and EGF was abolished by inhibition of Src, indicating its central role in ET-1 signaling in BAG cells. Moreover, the signaling characteristics of ET-1 in cultured BAG cells closely resembled those observed in clonal adrenocortical H295R cells. The ET-1-induced proliferation of BAG and H295 R cells was much smaller than that induced by Ang II or FGF. These data demonstrate that ET-1 causes ERK/RSK-1/CREB phosphorylation predominantly through activation of G(i) and Src, with a minor contribution from MMP-dependent EGF-R transactivation.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Reproduction Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Bukhtiar H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Albert J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Baukal
authors.forename: Hung-Dar
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ali B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Catt
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D019206:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go / Q000378:metabolism; D043802:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D016392:Proto-Oncogene Proteins pp60(c-src) / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051640:Small-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D015384:Zona Glomerulosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D019332:Endothelin-1; C496896:Kcnn1 protein, rat; D051640:Small-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels; D000804:Angiotensin II; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D016392:Proto-Oncogene Proteins pp60(c-src); D011493:Protein Kinase C; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; D019206:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go; D043802:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11