title: The contribution of smoking to socioeconomic differentials in mortality: results from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study, Australia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the contribution of smoking to the inverse association of mortality with years of formal education in men in Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from a prospective cohort study that included 17 049 men in Melbourne recruited from 1990 to 1994, most of whom were aged between 40 and 69 years at baseline. The outcome measured was all-cause mortality. The contribution of smoking to socioeconomic status differentials was estimated by including smoking as a variable in a Cox's proportional hazards model that also included education and other potential confounding variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In men, the association between education and mortality was attenuated after adjustment for smoking, and the aetiological fraction for low levels of education was reduced from 16.5% to 10.6%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In men, smoking contributes substantially to socioeconomic differentials in mortality. Effective policies and interventions that target smoking among socially disadvantaged groups may substantially reduce socioeconomic differentials in health.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, The Cancer Council Victoria, 1 Rathdown St, Carlton 3053, Melbourne, Australia. mohammad.siahpush@cancervic.org.au
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siahpush
authors.forename: Dallas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: English
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Powles
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000401:mortality* / Q000639:trends; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014739:Victoria / Q000453:epidemiology