title: Effect of thermal processing on retinol levels of free-range and caged hen eggs.
abstract: Purpose Eggs are a food item of high nutritional value, a source of vitamin A and readily accessible to the general population. Methods This paper analysed the effect of cooking on the retinol levels of free-range and caged hen eggs, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The retinol levels of hen and quail eggs were also compared. Results The raw egg yolk retinol concentrations of free-range and caged hen eggs were 476.53+/-39.44 and 474.93+/-41.10 microg/100 g and cooked egg yolk concentrations were 393.53+/-24.74 and 379.01+/-30.78 microg/100 g, respectively; quail egg concentration was 636.56+/-32.71 microg retinol/100 g. No significant difference was found between the retinol of free-range and caged hen egg yolks; however, cooking diminished retinol levels, causing a loss of 17 and 20% in the free-range and caged hen egg yolks, respectively. Quail egg retinol concentration was significantly higher than that of the hens. Conclusion The retinol found in 100 g of hen and quail egg yolks could supply around 42 and 70.7% of the vitamin A requirements of an adult man, and is accordingly considered an excellent source of this vitamin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Center of Biosciences, Natal, RN, Brazil.
authors.forename: Héryka M M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Ramalho
authors.forename: Videanny V A
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Vanessa P Q
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.forename: Keith H D
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dimenstein
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004531:Eggs / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005511:Food Handling; D006358:Hot Temperature; D011784:Quail; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000032:analysis*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D014801:Vitamin A