title: Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1-deficient mice have an enhanced IFN-gamma response to lipopolysaccharide and staphylococcal enterotoxin B.
abstract: Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) is a major inhibitor of fibrinolysis by virtue of its capacity to inhibit urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). Systemic inflammation is invariably associated with elevated circulating levels of PAI-1, and during human sepsis plasma PAI-1 concentrations predict an unfavorable outcome. Knowledge about the functional role of PAI-1 in a systemic inflammatory response syndrome is highly limited. In this study, we determined the role of endogenous PAI-1 in cytokine release induced by administration of LPS or staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). Both LPS and SEB elicited secretion of PAI-1 into the circulation of normal wild-type (Wt) mice. Relative to Wt mice, PAI-1 gene-deficient (PAI-1(-/-)) mice demonstrated strongly elevated plasma IFN-gamma concentrations after injection of either LPS or SEB. In addition, PAI-1(-/-) splenocytes released more IFN-gamma after incubation with LPS or SEB than Wt splenocytes. Both PAI-1(-/-) CD4+ and CD8+ T cells produced more IFN-gamma upon stimulation with SEB. LPS-induced IFN-gamma release in mice deficient for uPA, the uPA receptor, or tPA was not different from IFN-gamma release in LPS-treated Wt mice. These results identify a novel function of PAI-1 during systemic inflammation, where endogenous PAI-1 serves to inhibit IFN-gamma release by a mechanism that does not depend on its interaction with uPA/uPA receptor or tPA.
authors.affiliation: Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. r.renckens@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: Rosemarijn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Renckens
authors.forename: Jennie M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pater
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: van der Poll
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000276:immunology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000276:immunology*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000172:deficiency; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000172:deficiency
chemical_list: D004768:Enterotoxins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C031818:enterotoxin B, staphylococcal; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator