title: The efficacy of acrylic acid grafting and arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide immobilization on fibrovascular ingrowth into porous polyethylene implants in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of acrylic acid (AA) grafting by argon plasma treatment and of immobilization of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptides on fibrovascular ingrowth rate into high-density porous polyethylene (HPPE) anophthalmic orbital implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty rabbits were divided into three groups, with 20 rabbits in each group: (1) control group, rabbits implanted with unmodified HPPE; (2) PAA group, rabbits implanted with HPPE grafted with poly(AA) by argon plasma treatment; (3) RGD group, rabbits implanted with HPPE grafted with AA by argon plasma treatment and subsequently immobilized with RGD peptide. An HPPE spherical implant was put in the abdominal muscles of rabbit. After implantation for 4 weeks, the retrieved implants were sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Blood vessels were counted using CD-31 immunostaining. Cross-sectional areas of fibrovascular ingrowth, blood vessel densities, and host inflammatory response scores were determined for all three groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean cross-sectional areas of fibrovascularization at 2 and 3 weeks after implantation were the greatest in the RGD group, followed by the PAA group. While minimal fibrovascular ingrowths were noted in all implants at 1 week, all the implants showed nearly complete ingrowth at 4 weeks. Blood vessel densities were the highest in the RGD group, followed by the PAA group at 2, 3, and 4 weeks. The mean inflammation scores of the PAA and RGD groups were less than that of the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fibrovascularization into HPPE implants was enhanced by surface grafting of AA and further improved by immobilizing RGD peptides onto the grafted AA surfaces. The inflammatory reactions were mild by either technique of surface modification.
authors.affiliation: Yangpyeong First Eye Clinic, Yangpyeong-gun, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
authors.forename: Byung Woo
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hee Seok
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Se Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.forename: Kwideok
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Dong Keun
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Tae Soo
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000601:surgery; D000179:Acrylates; D000818:Animals; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000502:physiology*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003239:Connective Tissue Cells; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D009842:Oligopeptides; D020273:Orbital Implants; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D011095:Polyethylenes; D016062:Porosity; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D000179:Acrylates; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; C084562:Medpor; D009842:Oligopeptides; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D011095:Polyethylenes; C047981:arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid; C036658:acrylic acid