title: Enhanced delivery of nebulised salbutamol during non-invasive ventilation.
abstract: Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is used to treat acute respiratory failure. Nebulised drugs can be delivered concurrently with NIV or during breaks from ventilatory support. We hypothesised that the amount of nebulised salbutamol inhaled when delivered via bi-level ventilation would be no different to the amount available directly from the same nebuliser. A standard bi-level ventilation circuit was attached to a lung model simulating adult respiration. Drug delivery was compared when salbutamol (5 mg) was nebulised at different positions in the circuit and separately, with no ventilator. The amount of salbutamol contained in various particle size fractions was also determined. Nebuliser position within the NIV circuit was critically important for drug delivery. Optimal delivery of salbutamol occurred with the expiration port between the facemask and nebuliser (647+/-67 micro g). This was significantly better than nebulisation without the ventilator (424+/-61 micro g; P < 0.01). Delivery when the nebuliser was positioned between the facemask and expiration port was 544+/-85 micro g. The amount of salbutamol contained in particles < 5 micro m was significantly increased when the nebuliser was used in conjunction with bi-level ventilation (576+/-60 micro g vs 300+/-43 micro g, P < 0.001). We conclude that nebulised bronchodilator therapy, using a Cirrus jet nebuliser, during bi-level ventilation increases respirable particles likely to be inhaled when the nebuliser is optimally positioned within the circuit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Nottingham, Derby Road, Nottingham, UK. lori.calvert@uhl-tr.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Lori D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Calvert
authors.forename: Judith M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Judy A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Peter W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Barry
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kinnear
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: O'Callaghan
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000420:Albuterol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008961:Models, Structural; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers / Q000592:standards*; D010316:Particle Size; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D015919:Ventilators, Negative-Pressure
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D000420:Albuterol