title: A randomized trial of crystalloid versus colloid solution for prevention of hypotension during spinal or low-dose combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for elective cesarean delivery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery is commonly associated with hypotension and nausea and vomiting, and preload with crystalloid or colloid solution is widely recommended. Low-dose spinal via the combined spinal-epidural technique appears to cause less hypotension and nausea and vomiting. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the combined use of colloid preload and combined spinal-epidural technique might further reduce the rates of these symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women undergoing elective cesarean delivery were randomly allocated to one of four groups (50 in each) to receive crystalloid preload before spinal anesthesia, colloid preload before spinal anesthesia, crystalloid preload before combined spinal-epidural anesthesia, and colloid preload before combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. The incidences of hypotension and nausea and vomiting were compared. Spinal anesthesia was performed with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 9 mg and fentanyl 20 microg, and combined spinal-epidural anesthesia with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 6 mg + fentanyl 20 microg followed by epidural injection of 0.25% bupivacaine 10 mL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequencies of hypotension were 44%, 18%, 24%, and 20% in crystalloid preload-spinal anesthesia, colloid preload-spinal anesthesia, crystalloid preload-combined spinal epidural anesthesia, and colloid preload-combined spinal epidural anesthesia groups, respectively. The frequencies of nausea and vomiting were 20%, 2%, 8%, and 4% in respective groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Colloid preload and low-dose spinal anesthesia alone or in combination lowered the incidences of hypotension and nausea. However, the combination of two methods failed to demonstrate further decreases in the incidence of the symptoms compared to the colloid-spinal anesthesia or crystalloid-combined spinal-epidural anesthesia groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: J-S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: C-S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: H-S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: D-H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000009:adverse effects; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D002045:Bupivacaine; D002585:Cesarean Section; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl; D006801:Humans; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007022:Hypotension / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009325:Nausea / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate
chemical_list: D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate; D005283:Fentanyl; D002045:Bupivacaine