title: Technology penetration of endovascular aortic aneurysm repair in southern California.
abstract: Our objective was to investigate the penetration of endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) in the large, diverse health-care market of southern California over 3 years and to study variability in the pattern of distribution of EVAR in southern California counties by analyzing available demographic, geographic, and socioeconomic data from California state health-care databases. Information abstracted from the inpatient hospital discharge data for patients undergoing AAA repair for the years 2001, 2002, and 2003, derived from the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development, included age, gender, race, hospitals performing EVAR, and payors for the service. Per-capita income (PCI) for the year 1999 and the population size of each county for the respective years were obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau. Data pertaining to members of the Southern California Vascular Surgical Society (SCVSS) serving the southern California region were obtained from the SCVSS membership directory. Data were categorized based on 10 counties in southern California. All the above variables were analyzed using the chi-squared test, with p < 0.05 considered significant. The proportions of EVAR for the years 2001, 2002, and 2003 were 15.4% (n = 409), 20.2% (n = 492), and 25.9% (n = 566), respectively. This is a 67.8% (p < 0.0001) increase in EVAR application in southern California since 2001. However, the proportion of EVAR varied among counties (p < 0.0001), with 457 EVARs performed in Los Angeles County and eight in Imperial County during the study period. EVAR proportion was higher in patients aged > or =65 years (p < 0.0001) and male patients (p < 0.0001). The proportion of EVAR was significantly higher in counties with more than 20 vascular surgeons available (p < 0.0001) and PCI >21,000 US$ (p < 0.0001) and in Medicare, health maintenance organization, preferred provider organization, and private insurance holders (p < 0.0001). There was a trend toward increased EVARs in counties with more than eight hospitals that performed EVAR (p = 0.0545). However, no significant difference in EVAR proportion was observed among subgroups based on race (p = 0.535) and population size (p = 0.84). Although the number and proportion of EVAR increased significantly in southern California over 3 years, the penetration of the procedure varied among counties. County affluence, payor mix, and the number of vascular surgeons/county influenced the variability. These observations suggest that economic barriers may limit access to new biomedical technology. This has implications for health-care public policy directed toward providing equal access to medical care without regard to economic status.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
authors.forename: Haimesh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: S Ram
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Major
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hood
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rowe
authors.forename: Fred A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Weaver
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D017130:Angioplasty / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D001014:Aortic Aneurysm / Q000191:economics / Q000601:surgery*; D002140:California; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010351:Patient Discharge / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors