Polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis of lipoprotein subclasses.
High-density (HDL), low-density (LDL), and very-low-density (VLDL) lipoproteins are heterogeneous cholesterol-containing particles that differ in their metabolism, environmental interactions, and association with disease. Several protocols use polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis (GGE) to separate these major lipoproteins into known subclasses. This article provides a brief history of the discovery of lipoprotein heterogeneity and an overview of relevant lipoprotein metabolism, highlighting the importance of the subclasses in the context of their metabolic origins, fates, and clinical implications. Various techniques using polyacrylamide GGE to assess HDL and LDL heterogeneity are described, and how the genetic and environmental determinations of HDL and LDL affect lipoprotein size heterogeneity and the implications for cardiovascular disease are outlined.
Warnick
G Russell
GR
Berkeley HeartLab Inc., 960 Atlantic Avenue, Suite 100 Alameda, CA 94501, USA. grwarnick@bhlinc.com
McNamara
Judith R
JR
Boggess
Chris N
CN
Clendenen
Faith
F
Williams
Paul T
PT
Landolt
Cleland C
CC
D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006951:Hyperlipoproteinemias / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL