title: Fast food consumption and breakfast skipping: predictors of weight gain from adolescence to adulthood in a nationally representative sample.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether fast food consumption and breakfast skipping are associated with weight gain during the transition from adolescence to adulthood.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study of 9919 adolescents participating in Waves II (age range 11-21 years) and III (age range 18-27 years) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. BMI z scores (zBMI) were computed using the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. Multivariate regression models assessed the relationship between Wave II fast food and breakfast consumption and change in fast food and breakfast consumption between Waves II and III and weight gain during the transition to adulthood.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Marked increases in fast food consumption and decreases in breakfast consumption occurred over the 5-year interval. Greater days of fast food consumption at Wave II predicted increased zBMI at Wave III. Fewer days of breakfast consumption at Wave II and decreases in breakfast consumption between Waves II and III predicted increased zBMI at Wave III.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fast food consumption and breakfast skipping increased during the transition to adulthood, and both dietary behaviors are associated with increased weight gain from adolescence to adulthood. These behaviors may be appropriate targets for intervention during this important transition.
authors.affiliation: Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, The Miriam Hospital/Brown Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA. heather_niemeier@brown.edu
authors.forename: Heather M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Niemeier
authors.forename: Hollie A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Raynor
authors.forename: Elizabeth E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Lloyd-Richardson
authors.forename: Michelle L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: Rena R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Wing
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D041923:Adolescent Development / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D002648:Child; D004034:Diet Surveys; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology*