title: Death of stoma guard cells in leaf epidermis under disturbance of energy provision.
abstract: Cyanide is an apoptosis inducer in stoma guard cells from pea leaf epidermis. Unlike CN-, the uncoupler of oxidative and photosynthetic phosphorylation carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), the combination of CCCP, 3-(3 ,4 -dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU), benzylhydroxamate (BH), myxothiazol, antimycin A, and a glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose (DG) did not induce destruction of guard cell nuclei for 20 h of incubation of epidermal peels in the light. DCMU prevented the effect of CN- as a programmed cell death (PCD) inducer. CCCP, the combination of DCMU and CCCP, or the combination of DCMU, CCCP, BH, myxothiazol, antimycin A, and DG supplemented by CN- caused destruction of cell nuclei; the number of the cells lacking nuclei in this case was higher than with CN- alone. DG and CCCP caused cell destruction after longer incubation of the isolated epidermis - after 2 days and to a greater degree after 4 days. The effect of DG and CCCP was reduced by illumination. Cell destruction during long-term incubation was prevented by the combination of DG and CCCP. From data of electron microscopy, DCMU and dinitrophenyl ester of iodonitrothymol (DNP-INT) prevented apoptotic changes of the nuclear ultrastructure induced by CN-. The suppression of the destruction of the guard cell nuclei under combined action of DG and CCCP was apparently caused by switching of cell death from PCD to necrosis. Thus, the type of cell death - via apoptosis or necrosis - is controlled by the level of energy provision.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Dzyubinskaya
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Kiselevsky
authors.forename: N V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Lobysheva
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Shestak
authors.forename: V D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Samuilov
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002258:Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004237:Diuron / Q000494:pharmacology; D008027:Light; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D018532:Pisum sativum / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D019441:Plant Epidermis / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D011190:Potassium Cyanide / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002258:Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone; D004237:Diuron; D011190:Potassium Cyanide