title: Carbon black particles increase reactive oxygen species formation in rat alveolar macrophages in vitro.
abstract: Alveolar macrophages (AM) have an important role in clearing particles from the lungs. In response to different stimuli they can release reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory mediators and promote pulmonary inflammation. We exposed rat AM to carbon black (CB) particles (0.63-20 microg/ml) and measured the eneration of ROS by using the fluorescent probe 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate. Fluorescence was elevated in a concentration dependent manner in the AM exposed to CB. Follow-up experiments using a series of enzyme inhibitors indicate that the ERK MAP kinase pathway and the p38 MAP kinase pathway may be involved in the formation of ROS.
authors.affiliation: Division for Protection, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, P.O. Box 25, Kjeller, 2027, Norway. bba@ffi.no
authors.forename: Berit Bjugan
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Aam
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fonnum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002070:Butadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D048671:MAP Kinase Kinase 5 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects*; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D048054:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 7 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D009861:Onium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D053260:Soot / Q000633:toxicity*; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000494:pharmacology; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002070:Butadienes; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007093:Imidazoles; D009570:Nitriles; D009861:Onium Compounds; D052638:Particulate Matter; D011725:Pyridines; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D053260:Soot; C113580:U 0126; C007517:diphenyleneiodonium; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D048054:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 7; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048671:MAP Kinase Kinase 5; C482565:Map2k5 protein, rat; C093642:SB 203580; D016559:Tacrolimus