title: In vitro activity of Citrus bergamia (bergamot) oil against clinical isolates of dermatophytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recently, bergamot oil was shown to be a potent antifungal agent in vitro against clinically important Candida species. In this study, the activities of bergamot natural essence and its furocoumarin-free and distilled extracts on dermatophytes such as Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton species were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro susceptibility testing assays on 92 clinical isolates of dermatophytes (Trichophyton mentagrophytes n = 20, Trichophyton rubrum n = 18, Trichophyton interdigitale n = 15, Trichophyton tonsurans n = 2, Microsporum canis n = 24, Microsporum gypseum n = 1 and Epidermophyton floccosum n = 12) were performed using the CLSI M38-A broth microdilution method, except for employing an inoculum of 1-3 x 10(3) cfu/mL. MICs were determined at a visual endpoint reading of 80% inhibition compared with the growth control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MICs (v/v) of all fungi ranged from 0.156% to 2.5% for the natural essence, from 0.02% to 2.5% for the distilled extract, and from 0.08% to 1.25% for the furocoumarin-free extract. The three isolates of T. tonsurans and M. gypseum exhibited the highest MIC values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data from this study indicate that bergamot oil is active in vitro against several common species of dermatophytes, suggesting its potential use for topical treatment of dermatophytoses.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart. Rome, Italy. msanguinetti@rm.unicatt.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanguinetti
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Posteraro
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Battaglia
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lopizzo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Carolis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fadda
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003883:Arthrodermataceae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D010938:Plant Oils; C068336:bergamot oil