title: Visually impaired (VI) education in Romania and the United Kingdom: special education in Romania since 1990 for blind and partially sighted children and young people, with comparisons drawn from similar experiences of legislative and educational changes in England and Wales since 1981.
abstract: This article reviews the educational facilities available in the last decades of the 20th century for blind and partially sighted children and young people in Romania and the UK. A turning point in England and Wales came with the Education (Special Educational Needs) Act 1981. For Romania, the turning point came in 1990 with the overthrow of the Ceaucescu regime in late 1989. Romania is seeking entry to the European Union in 2007. This has provided an incentive to bring special educational philosophy and facilities quickly into line with other countries in the European Union. Similar problems regarding inclusion are encountered in both countries. Differentiating features are their different demographic characteristics and the educational resources and assets available at the time of the major changes. Finally, there is a brief review of the number of people with sight loss in paid employment as the next logical focal point for a national inclusion strategy. The UK has been able to develop and advance further than Romania in this sphere, but the legal framework is in place in Romania. The generic terms visually impaired (VI) and sight loss are both used throughout when referring to blind and partially sighted people.
authors.affiliation: Department of Special Education, University of Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: Verginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cretu
authors.forename: Doru Vlad
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Popovici
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sainsbury
authors.forename: Gianetta
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Corley
mesh_terms: D001766:Blindness / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002648:Child; D004519:Education, Special / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods*; D004739:England; D006801:Humans; D012383:Romania; D015354:Vision, Low / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D014852:Wales