title: Management of hypertension in chronic kidney disease.
abstract: Optimal blood pressure control (<130/80 mm Hg) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), despite being the main objective of conservative therapy, is rarely achieved in clinical practice. A major area of improvement is the correction of the extracellular volume expansion. This goal can be reached by means of dietary salt restriction (100 mEq/d of NaCl). If this intervention fails, hypertension can be treated by thiazide diuretics in patients with mild CKD, whereas loop diuretics at adequate doses are indicated in patients with more advanced CKD. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers are more effective than other drugs in slowing progression of proteinuric diabetic and nondiabetic CKD. However, the control rates of blood pressure are usually inadequate with antihypertensive therapy including only these drugs; therefore, addition of other classes of antihypertensive drugs is often required.
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zamboli
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Nicola
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Minutolo
authors.forename: Valerio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bertino
authors.forename: Fausta
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Catapano
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Conte
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004232:Diuretics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005665:Furosemide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology; D049994:Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D004232:Diuretics; D049994:Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; D012982:Sodium, Dietary; D005665:Furosemide