In situ visualization of paclitaxel distribution and release by coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy.
Visualization of three-dimensional distribution of drug molecules and subsequent changes during the release process is critical for understanding drug delivery mechanisms as well as designing tailor-made release profiles. This study utilized coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) imaging to examine paclitaxel distribution in various polymer films with lateral resolution of 0.3 microm and depth resolution of 0.9 microm. Raman bands in the CH stretch vibration and fingerprint regions were used to distinguish paclitaxel from the polymers. The detection sensitivity was measured to be 29 mM by imaging paclitaxel molecules dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide solution. Release of paclitaxel from a polymer matrix was monitored at an acquisition speed of 1 frame/s. Our results show that CARS microscopy can be used effectively for in situ imaging of native drug molecules in a delivery system.
Kang
Eunah
E
Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, and Department of Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Wang
Haifeng
H
Kwon
Il Keun
IK
Robinson
Joshua
J
Park
Kinam
K
Cheng
Ji-Xin
JX
D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods*; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*
D011108:Polymers; D017239:Paclitaxel