title: Impaired neutrophil chemotaxis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neutrophilic airway inflammation is considered to be a major factor in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophil counts broadly correlating with disease severity. The mechanisms responsible for neutrophil accumulation are poorly understood, but they could involve increased influx and/or survival of these cells.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether neutrophil chemotactic responsiveness and/or chemotactic activity in airway secretions are increased in subjects with COPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chemotaxis experiments were performed using induced sputum supernatants from subjects with and without COPD as a source of chemotactic activity, and neutrophils from healthy donors as responder cells. In addition, chemotactic responses to N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) and interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL8) were studied using neutrophils from healthy subjects and subjects with COPD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As reported in the literature, sputum neutrophil counts were significantly increased in subjects with COPD compared with healthy subjects. However, this was associated with reduced chemotactic activity in sputum in COPD, as judged by reduced chemotaxis to the fluid phase of sputum from subjects with COPD compared with healthy subjects. Furthermore, whereas neutrophils from subjects with stage I COPD had normal responses to fMLP and IL-8, subjects with more severe stage II-IV COPD showed reduced levels of spontaneous migration and chemotaxis to fMLP and IL-8.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neither increased chemotactic activity in the airways nor increased chemotactic responsiveness of neutrophils explains the increased number of these cells in subjects with stable COPD. The implications of the observed reduction in neutrophil chemotactic activity remain to be established.
authors.affiliation: Allergy & Inflammation Research, Division of Infection, Inflammation, and Repair, Mailpoint 810, Level F, South Block, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dent
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Gilbert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Angco
authors.forename: Guangmin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nong
authors.forename: Naho
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Kazuto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: Ratko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Djukanovic
mesh_terms: D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D009504:Neutrophils; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000473:pathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013183:Sputum / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D016209:Interleukin-8; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; C042932:formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine methyl ester