title: Isolation of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Paratyphi B dT+, or Salmonella Java, from Indonesia and alteration of the d-tartrate fermentation phenotype by disrupting the ORF STM 3356.
abstract: Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Paratyphi B [O1,4,(5),12 : Hb : 1,2] can cause either an enteric fever (paratyphoid fever) or self-limiting gastroenteritis in humans. The d-tartrate non-fermenting variant S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi B dT- (S. Paratyphi B) is the causative agent of paratyphoid fever, and the d-tartrate fermenting variant S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi B dT+ (S. Paratyphi B dT+; formerly called Salmonella Java) causes gastroenteritis. S. Java is currently recognized as an emerging problem worldwide. Twelve dT+ S. Java isolates were collected in Indonesia between 2000 and 2002. One-third of them contained Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1), which gives the multidrug-resistant phenotype to the bacteria. In this study, a PCR-based method to detect a single nucleotide difference responsible for the inability to ferment d-tartrate, reported elsewhere, was validated. The d-tartrate fermenting phenotype of S. Java was converted to the non-fermenting phenotype by the disruption of the ORF STM 3356, and the d-tartrate non-fermenting phenotype of the ORF STM 3356-disrupted strain and the dT- reference strain was changed to the dT+ phenotype by complementing ORF STM 3356 in trans. The results show that the dT+ phenotype requires a functional product encoded by STM 3356, and support the use of the PCR-based discrimination method for S. Paratyphi B and S. Java as the standard differentiation method.
authors.affiliation: International Vaccine Institute, San 4-8 Bongcheon 7 dong, Kwanak gu, Seoul, 151-818, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: International Vaccine Institute, San 4-8 Bongcheon 7 dong, Kwanak gu, Seoul, 151-818, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seon Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: International Vaccine Institute, San 4-8 Bongcheon 7 dong, Kwanak gu, Seoul, 151-818, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Je Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: International Vaccine Institute, San 4-8 Bongcheon 7 dong, Kwanak gu, Seoul, 151-818, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyejon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: International Vaccine Institute, San 4-8 Bongcheon 7 dong, Kwanak gu, Seoul, 151-818, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Hee
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, 10560, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Magdarina D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Agtini
authors.affiliation: International Vaccine Institute, San 4-8 Bongcheon 7 dong, Kwanak gu, Seoul, 151-818, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Lorenz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: von Seidlein
authors.affiliation: International Vaccine Institute, San 4-8 Bongcheon 7 dong, Kwanak gu, Seoul, 151-818, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: R Leon
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Ochiai
authors.affiliation: International Vaccine Institute, San 4-8 Bongcheon 7 dong, Kwanak gu, Seoul, 151-818, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Clemens
authors.affiliation: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wain
authors.forename: Ji-Sook
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Enteric Infections, Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Korea, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bok Kwon
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: International Vaccine Institute, San 4-8 Bongcheon 7 dong, Kwanak gu, Seoul, 151-818, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Manki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: International Vaccine Institute, San 4-8 Bongcheon 7 dong, Kwanak gu, Seoul, 151-818, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jongsik
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.affiliation: International Vaccine Institute, San 4-8 Bongcheon 7 dong, Kwanak gu, Seoul, 151-818, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Wook
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002702:Chloramphenicol Resistance; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005285:Fermentation; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D044404:Genomic Islands / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D016366:Open Reading Frames / Q000235:genetics; D010284:Paratyphoid Fever / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012484:Salmonella paratyphi B / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013307:Streptomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013644:Tartrates / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D013644:Tartrates; C029768:tartaric acid; D013307:Streptomycin