title: Inotropic drugs and neurohormonal antagonists in the treatment of HF in the elderly.
abstract: HF (HF) is the most common reason for hospital admission among individuals over age 65 years and results in more than 1 million admissions each year. The overall annual death rate for HF is approximately 20%. HF results from decreased contractile function of the heart, and neurohormonal dysregulation plays a major part in the morbidity and mortality of the heart. The purpose of this article is to review recent studies on inotropic drugs and neurohormonal antagonists used in the treatment of patients who have HF, especially the elderly.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Duke University Medical Center, 2400 Pratt Street, Durham, NC 27710, USA. oconn002@mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arumugham
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists