title: Ventricular size and function assessed by cardiac MRI predict major adverse clinical outcomes late after tetralogy of Fallot repair.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Factors associated with impaired clinical status in a cross-sectional study of patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) have been reported previously.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine independent predictors of major adverse clinical outcomes late after TOF repair in the same cohort during follow-up evaluated by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical status at latest follow-up was ascertained in 88 patients (median time from TOF repair to baseline evaluation 20.7 years; median follow-up from baseline evaluation to most recent follow-up 4.2 years). Major adverse outcomes included (a) death; (b) sustained ventricular tachycardia; and (c) increase in NYHA class to grade III or IV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  22 major adverse outcomes occurred in 18 patients (20.5%): death in 4, sustained ventricular tachycardia in 8, and increase in NYHA class in 10. Multivariate analysis identified right ventricular (RV) end-diastolic volume Z >or=7 (odds ratio (OR) = 4.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10 to 18.8, p = 0.037) and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction <55% (OR = 8.05, 95% CI 2.14 to 30.2, p = 0.002) as independent predictors of outcome with an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.850. LV ejection fraction could be replaced by RV ejection fraction <45% in the multivariate model. QRS duration >or=180 ms also predicted major adverse events but correlated with RV size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this cohort, severe RV dilatation and either LV or RV dysfunction assessed by CMR predicted major adverse clinical events. This information may guide risk stratification and therapeutic interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Knauth
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gauvreau
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Landzberg
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lock
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: del Nido
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Geva
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004554:Electric Countershock; D005260:Female; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018633:Pulmonary Atresia / Q000601:surgery; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018497:Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology