title: Antioxidant and antigenotoxic activities of Angelica keiskei, Oenanthe javanica and Brassica oleracea in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay and in HCT116 human colon cancer cells.
abstract: Epidemiological studies indicate that consumption of green-yellow vegetables rich in chlorophyll, vitamin C, vitamin E, and carotenoids reduce the risk of cancer. We sought to examine the antigenotoxic and antioxidant properties of chlorophyll-rich methanol extracts of Angelica keiskei, Oenanthe javanica, and Brassica oleracea (kale). In the Salmonella mutagenicity assay, A. keiskei caused dose-dependent inhibition against three heterocyclic amine mutagens in the presence of S9, O. javanica was antimutagenic only at the highest concentration in the assay (2 mg/plate), and B. oleracea showed no consistent inhibitory activity at non-toxic levels. None of the extracts were effective against three direct-acting mutagens in the absence of S9. Extracts of A. keiskei and, to a lesser extent O. javanica, inhibited two of the major enzymes that play a role in the metabolic activation of heterocyclic amines, based on ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase and methoxyresorufin-O-demethylase assays in vitro. All three plant extracts were highly effective in assays which measured ferric reducing/antioxidant power, oxygen radical absorbance capacity, and Fe2+/H2O2-mediated DNA nicking. Finally, using the 'comet' assay, all three plant extracts protected against H2O2-induced genotoxic damage in human HCT116 colon cancer cells. These findings provide support for the antigenotoxic and antioxidant properties of chlorophyll-rich extracts of A. keiskei, O. javanica, and B. oleracea, through mechanisms that include inhibition of carcinogen activation and scavenging of reactive oxygen species.
authors.affiliation: Department of Foods and Nutrition, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea 120-749.
authors.forename: Daejoong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Sun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Orianna
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: George S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Roderick H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Dashwood
mesh_terms: D029969:Angelica / Q000737:chemistry; D016587:Antimutagenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001937:Brassica / Q000737:chemistry; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D053904:DNA Breaks, Single-Stranded; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D031050:Oenanthe / Q000737:chemistry; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D016587:Antimutagenic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System