title: Polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis of lipoprotein subclasses.
abstract: High-density (HDL), low-density (LDL), and very-low-density (VLDL) lipoproteins are heterogeneous cholesterol-containing particles that differ in their metabolism, environmental interactions, and association with disease. Several protocols use polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis (GGE) to separate these major lipoproteins into known subclasses. This article provides a brief history of the discovery of lipoprotein heterogeneity and an overview of relevant lipoprotein metabolism, highlighting the importance of the subclasses in the context of their metabolic origins, fates, and clinical implications. Various techniques using polyacrylamide GGE to assess HDL and LDL heterogeneity are described, and how the genetic and environmental determinations of HDL and LDL affect lipoprotein size heterogeneity and the implications for cardiovascular disease are outlined.
authors.affiliation: Berkeley HeartLab Inc., 960 Atlantic Avenue, Suite 100 Alameda, CA 94501, USA. grwarnick@bhlinc.com
authors.forename: G Russell
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Warnick
authors.forename: Judith R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: McNamara
authors.forename: Chris N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Boggess
authors.forename: Faith
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Clendenen
authors.forename: Paul T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Cleland C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Landolt
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006951:Hyperlipoproteinemias / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL