title: Cardiovascular risk markers associated with the metabolic syndrome in a large French population: the "SYMFONIE" study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The SYMFONIE study was designed to analyze the clinical and biological characteristics, and the cardiovascular risk markers, in men and women with the metabolic syndrome compared to control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population included 101,697 men and women, 18 to 80 years of age, who had a health checkup at the Centre d'Investigations Preventives et Cliniques (Paris, France) between 1997 to 2002. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to the ATpiiI-NCEP 2001 criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of the 66,202 men (47.4+/-11.8 years) and 35,495 women (48.5+/-13.6 years) included in this population, 6761 men (10.2%) and 2155 women (6.1%) presented the metabolic syndrome. Among subjects < or =40 years of age, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 5.0% in men and 2.2% in women, and rose to 14.1% and 12.0%, respectively, among men and women >70 years of age. After adjustment for age, patients with the metabolic syndrome presented higher pulse pressure (systolic minus diastolic blood pressure), higher heart rate, lower vital respiratory capacity, lower physical activity, an increase in inflammatory status assessed through leukocyte count and dental inflammation, hepatic abnormalities, and increased levels of stress and depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this large French population, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is lower than in North American and northern European populations. Patients with the metabolic syndrome present several additional hemodynamic, inflammatory and psychological risk markers which could contribute to the poor cardiovascular prognosis of these subjects.
authors.affiliation: Centre Investigations Préventives et Cliniques (IPC), Paris.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pannier
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eschwège
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bean
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benetos
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Leocmach
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Danchin
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guize
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins