title: Availability and consumption status of CFC and non-CFC inhalers for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases in Thailand.
abstract: In response to the Montreal Protocol and the calls for global early-bird CFC phase-out before 2010, the demand and supply status of both CFC and non-CFC inhalers for prevention and treatment of asthma and COPD in Thailand were evaluated to determine how soon the country would be able to discontinue CFC MDIs with least impacts to both consumers and importers. Availability and supply of the inhalers were collected from registration and importation database of the Thai FDA. Demand and product cost were obtained from the local importers and from IMS, Thailand. Available inhaled products comprise of 39% CFC MDIs, 28% DPIs, 20% solutions for nebulizers and 13% HFA MDls, respectively. All 31 brands of portable hand-held inhalers, comprising 16 CFC MDIs, 6 HFA MDIs and 9 DPIs, are imported, only solutions for nebulization are locally manufactured. Salbutamol is mostly prescribed MDI, its consumption is over 50% of all. The transition to non-CFC alternatives (HFA MDIs and DPIs) has become evidence since 2000. After being informed about the demand and supply of the inhalers, in 2005, Thai FDA has announced its CFC phase-out policy and encouraged importation of HFA alternatives by facilitating the registration and approval process. When the most prescribing CFC MDls, salbutamol, is completely replaced with non-CFC form in 2006, Thailand would be able to reduce considerable amount of CFCs into our atmosphere.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. sicbg@mahidol.ac.th
authors.forename: Chaweewan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bunnag
authors.forename: Sirinart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vasanavathana
authors.forename: Por
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Punyaratabandhu
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants; D000420:Albuterol; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017402:Chlorofluorocarbons; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016208:Databases, Factual; D033161:Government Regulation; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D012996:Solutions; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D017402:Chlorofluorocarbons; D012996:Solutions; D000420:Albuterol