title: Male serum Chlamydia trachomatis IgA and IgG, but not heat shock protein 60 IgG, correlates with negatively affected semen characteristics and lower pregnancy rates in the infertile couple.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to evaluate whether serum Chlamydia trachomatis immunoglobulin-A (IgA), IgM and C. trachomatis heat shock protein 60 (CHSP60) IgG are of additional value to C. trachomatis IgG regarding the impact on fecundity in infertile couples, and to relate C. trachomatis serum antibodies to semen characteristics, diagnoses and pregnancy outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 226 infertile couples, previously tested for C. trachomatis IgG, were tested for C. trachomatis IgA, IgM and CHSP60 IgG, and semen samples from all men were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chlamydia trachomatis serum IgA in men (but not in women) correlated with reduced chances of achieving pregnancy [p = 0.021, relative risk (RR) =0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.42-1.005] and in combination with C. trachomatis IgG the chance was further reduced (p =0.001, RR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.15-0.84). Chlamydia trachomatis serum IgA was also significantly correlated with reduced motility of the spermatozoa (-8.7%, p = 0.023), increased number of dead spermatozoa (+10.5%, p = 0.014) and higher prevalence of leucocytes in semen (+122%, p = 0.005), and in combination with C. trachomatis IgG positivity, there was also a decrease in sperm concentration (-35%, p = 0.033), the number of progressive spermatozoa (-14.8%, p = 0.029) and a rise in the teratozoospermia index (+4.4%, p = 0.010). CHSP60 IgG correlated with reduced motility (-5.6%, p = 0.033), and in the women to tubal factor infertility (p = 0.033), but no correlations of C. trachomatis serum IgM or CHSP60 IgG with pregnancy rates were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chlamydia trachomatis serum IgA in the male partner of the infertile couple has an additive value to IgG in predicting pregnancy chances, and serum IgA and IgG are associated with subtle negative changes in semen characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science/Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. annika.idahl@obgyn.umu.se
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Idahl
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Abramsson
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kumlin
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Liljeqvist
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Olofsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D018834:Chaperonin 60; D018833:Chaperonins / Q000276:immunology*; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000150:complications; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000502:physiology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood*; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012661:Semen / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D013076:Sperm Count; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000502:physiology; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D018834:Chaperonin 60; C060293:HSPD1 protein, human; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D018833:Chaperonins