title: Involvement of caspase-8 in chemotherapy-induced apoptosis of patient derived leukemia cell lines independent of the death receptor pathway and downstream from mitochondria.
abstract: Resistance of leukemic cells to chemotherapy frequently occurs in patients with acute leukemia, which may be caused by alterations in common apoptotic pathways. Controversy exists whether cytostatic agents induce the mitochondrial or death receptor pathway of apoptosis. In the mitochondrial pathway cytochrome C release and caspase-9 activation play a central role in the induction of apoptosis, while formation of a Death Inducing Signaling Complex (DISC) and caspase-8 activation have been reported to be essential in death receptor-induced apoptosis. Here, we show in human derived myeloid and lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines that caspase-8 plays a more important role than previously expected in apoptosis mediated via the mitochondrial pathway. We demonstrated in these malignant cells chemotherapy-induced apoptosis independent of the death receptor pathway, since blocking this pathway using a retroviral construct encoding Flice inhibitory protein (FLIP) did not inhibit drug-induced apoptosis or caspase-8 activation, while overexpression of Bcl-2 completely inhibited both events. Furthermore, we showed that activation of caspase-8 by cytostatic agents occurred downstream from mitochondria. Since caspase-8 plays a central role in both death receptor- and chemotherapy-induced apoptosis of malignant cells from patients with acute leukemia, therapeutic strategies focusing at modulation and activation of caspase-8 may be successful in the treatment of drug-resistant malignancies.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands. j.f.vries@lumc.nl
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Wammes
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jedema
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: van Dreunen
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Nijmeijer
authors.forename: M H M
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Heemskerk
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Willemze
authors.forename: J H F
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Falkenburg
authors.forename: R M Y
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Barge
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D002166:Camptothecin / Q000494:pharmacology; D053181:Caspase 8 / Q000378:metabolism*; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003630:Daunorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007938:Leukemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D053218:Receptors, Death Domain / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D053218:Receptors, Death Domain; C505530:CASP8 protein, human; C506433:CASP9 protein, human; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D002166:Camptothecin; D003630:Daunorubicin