title: Drug-related overdose deaths in British Columbia and Ontario, 1992-2004.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare rates of fatal drug-related overdose death (OD) cases--a major harm outcome of illicit substance use--in the two provinces of British Columbia (BC) and Ontario, and the two largest municipalities in those provincial jurisdictions, namely the cities of Vancouver and Toronto, between 1992 and 2004.
  
  
  METHODS
  Provincial coroners' data of drug-related OD cases for the provincial jurisdictions of BC and Ontario, and the municipal jurisdictions of Vancouver and Toronto, are descriptively presented and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After drastic increases in the initial part of the observation period, OD rates in BC have been declining; moreover, due to major reductions of OD cases in Vancouver, the ratio of OD cases between Vancouver and the province of BC has fallen considerably. Conversely, OD rates in Ontario have remained stable at low levels, whereas Toronto has seen a slight decline in such rates during the observation period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The recent establishment and expansion of treatment and harm reduction interventions may have influenced the decline of ODs in BC, yet similar interventions in Ontario did not have a similar effect, perhaps due to different patterns of illicit drug use. OD rates in jurisdictions across Canada need to be monitored and analyzed to inform evidence-based policy development.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON. benedikt_fischer@camh.net
authors.forename: Benedikt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Popova
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rehm
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ivsins
mesh_terms: D001955:British Columbia; D062787:Drug Overdose / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000506:poisoning*; D016014:Linear Models; D009864:Ontario; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs