title: Biphasic insulin aspart given thrice daily is as efficacious as a basal-bolus insulin regimen with four daily injections: a randomised open-label parallel group four months comparison in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To show that a thrice daily meal-time biphasic insulin aspart (BIAsp) treatment regimen is as efficacious as a 4 times daily basal-bolus regimen with human isophane insulin (NPH) and insulin aspart (IAsp).
  
  
  METHODS
  A multinational, randomised, open-label parallel-group trial in 394 patients with type 2 diabetes on a once or twice daily insulin regimen. Patients were randomised 1:1 to BIAsp or IAsp+NPH for 16 weeks. The BIAsp group was treated according to individual needs using BMI as a surrogate index of insulin resistance. Subjects administered BIAsp 70 (BMI< or =30 kg/m (2)) or BIAsp 50 (BMI>30 kg/m (2)) with breakfast and lunch and BIAsp 30 with dinner. The IAsp+NPH group injected IAsp at meals and NPH at bedtime as basal insulin. HbAlc levels after 16 weeks were compared between treatments using a predefined non-inferiority criterion of 0.4%. The incidence of hypoglycaemic episodes and adverse events was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean HbAlc (+/-SD) decreased from 9.1+/-0.7% to 7.8+/-1.0% with both treatments. Glycaemic control provided by BIAsp was non-inferior to that obtained by the IAsp+NPH (intention to treat ITT) population: diff, HbAlc -0.05%; 95% CI (-0.24; 0.14); per protocol (PP) population: diff, HbAlc -0.03%; 95% CI (-0.23; 0.16). Similar improvements in glycaemic control in both groups were confirmed by self-measured 8-point plasma glucose (PG) profiles, average and fasting PG concentrations, and average prandial PG increments. The incidence of adverse events and hypoglycaemic episodes was similar in the two treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A thrice daily meal-time BIAsp regimen is a suitable alternative to an intensified insulin regimen in people with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus, and requires fewer daily injections than a basal-bolus therapy without compromising efficacy and safety.
authors.affiliation: Havenziekenhuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. rjligthelm@cistron.nl
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ligthelm
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mouritzen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lynggaard
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Landin-Olsson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: le Devehat
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liebl
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D061265:Biphasic Insulins; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000188:drug therapy; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007267:Injections; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D061267:Insulin Aspart; D007336:Insulin, Isophane; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D061265:Biphasic Insulins; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; C557564:insulin aspart, insulin aspart protamine drug combination 30:70; D007336:Insulin, Isophane; D061267:Insulin Aspart