title: Milrinone administered before ischemia or just after reperfusion, attenuates myocardial stunning in anesthetized swine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the dose or timing effect of milrinone administered against myocardial stunning in 37 anesthetized open-chest swine.
  
  
  METHODS
  All swine were subjected to 12-min ischemia followed by reperfusion to produce myocardial stunning. Group A (n = 12) received saline in place of milrinone both before and after ischemia. Group B (n = 9) and C (n = 9) received intravenous milrinone at a rate of 5 microg/kg/min for 10 min followed by 0.5 microg/kg/min for 10 min and 10 microg/kg/min for 10 min followed by 1 microg/kg/min for 10 min, respectively, until 30 min before coronary occlusion. Group D (n = 7) received the same dose of milrinone as group B starting 1 min after reperfusion. Myocardial contractility was assessed by percentage segment shortening (%SS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five swine in group A and two swine in groups B and C each had ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia after reperfusion, and were thus excluded from further analysis. The percentage changes of %SS from the baseline 90 min after reperfusion in groups B, C, and D were 78 +/- 9%, 82 +/- 13%, and 79 +/- 7%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in group A (43 +/- 13%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that milrinone administered before ischemia or just after reperfusion attenuates myocardial stunning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan. makita@net.nagasaki-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tadasuke
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Use
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Makita
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ureshino
authors.forename: Sungsam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yoshitomi
authors.forename: Daiji
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: Motoko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oshibuchi
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sumikawa
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia; D000818:Animals; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D020105:Milrinone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion; D017682:Myocardial Stunning / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D020105:Milrinone