title: NMDA receptor-dependent long-term depression in the anterior cingulate cortex.
abstract: Neurons and synapses in the mammalian brain exhibit plastic changes, which occur not only during development and under physiological conditions, but also under pathological conditions. One major cellular hypothesis is that activity-dependent changes in synaptic strength may contribute to the formation of memory and the expression of persistent inflammatory pain. Recently, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been proposed to play an important role for learning, memory and chronic pain. Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are well-studied phenomena which may be related to learning and memory. NMDA receptors are the most important trigger for LTP and LTD of synaptic strength. Here, we review recent studies and present new experimental data on the roles of NMDA receptors during synaptic depression in the ACC. Furthermore, we consider the physiological and pathological significance of LTD in the ACC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toyoda
authors.forename: Ming-Gao
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhuo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000502:physiology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D036881:Long-Term Synaptic Depression / Q000502:physiology*; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000502:physiology*; D013569:Synapses / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C120997:NR2A NMDA receptor; C121001:NR2B NMDA receptor; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate