Human health risk on environmental exposure to Bisphenol-A: a review.
Bisphenol-A (BPA), identified as an environmental hormone (i.e., endocrine disruptor), is an industrially important chemical that is being used as a primary raw material for the production of engineering plastics (e.g., polycarbonate/epoxy resins), food cans (i.e., lacquer coatings), and dental composites/sealants. From the ecotoxicology, human health and regulatory points of view, it is urgent to restrict the emissions and releases of the estrogenic chemical from the industrial processes and commercial products. This article reviews BPA in the current literature in terms of physiochemical properties, industrial/commercial uses, environmental distributions in the atmospheric/aquatic/terrestrial phases, possible human toxicity, and its exposure standards and limits. Emphasis is put on the most significant distribution in the aquatic environment, and occupational and non-occupational human exposures. Overall, it is strongly convinced that BPA is not a carcinogenic risk to humans, and is also rapidly glucuronidated and excreted through the route of urine.
Tsai
Wen-Tien
WT
Graduate Institute of Bioresources, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan. wttsai@mail.npust.edu.tw
D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards / Q000633:toxicity*; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards / Q000633:toxicity*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004782:Environmental Health; D006801:Humans; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D016272:Occupational Health; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards / Q000633:toxicity*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards / Q000633:toxicity*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D010636:Phenols; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds