Infection and musculoskeletal conditions: Rheumatologic complications of HIV infection.
The pandemic caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has entered its second quarter-century, with 40 million people now affected worldwide - particularly in Africa, where the impact has been most devastating. A complex array of rheumatic disease manifestations has been described, including diseases specific to HIV infection such as HIV-associated arthritis and the diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome; other conditions which occur prominently in HIV-positive individuals include vasculitis, reactive and psoriatic arthritis and HIV-associated polymyositis, opportunistic musculoskeletal infections, and finally disorders that were originally ameliorated by HIV infection, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. Effective antiretroviral treatment ameliorates many of these disorders; however, the introduction of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) has introduced a new spectrum of disorders and new challenges confronting the clinician, including osteonecrosis, rhabdomyolysis, and, with immune reconstitution, the appearance de novo of a variety of autoimmune disorders and phenomena.
Reveille
John D
JD
The University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center, MSB 5.270, 6431 Fannin, Houston, TX77030, USA. john.d.reveille@uth.tmc.edu
Williams
Francis M
FM
D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects; D016918:Arthritis, Reactive / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D013577:Syndrome