title: Ethanol-induced regulation of GABA-A subunit mRNAs in prefrontal fields of cynomolgus monkeys.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent evidence indicates that functional impairment of the orbital and medial fields of the prefrontal cortex may underlie the deficits in executive control of behavior that characterize addictive disorders, including alcohol addiction. Moreover, previous studies have indicated that alcohol alters GABA neurotransmission and one substrate of these effects may be through the reconfiguration of the subunits constituting the GABA(A) receptor complex. Given that GABAergic transmission has an integral role in cortical processing, influencing local and interregional communication, understanding alcohol-induced alterations in GABA(A) receptors in prefrontal fields of the primate brain may provide insight into the functional impairment of these brain regions in the alcohol-addicted state and extend our understanding of the molecular consequences of long-term use in these critical brain regions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To address this problem, the effects of chronic ethanol self-administration in male cynomolgus monkeys on GABA(A) receptor subunit mRNA expression was studied in 3 frontal cortical fields: orbitofrontal cortex (OFC; area 13), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC; area 24), and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC; area 46). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed significant alterations in GABA(A) subunit mRNA expression in the OFC and DLPFC but not in the ACC. Specifically, expression of the alpha2, alpha4, beta1, beta3, and gamma1 to gamma3 subunit mRNAs was significantly less in the OFC, whereas the expression of beta1, beta2, gamma1, and delta subunit mRNAs was less in the DLPFC of alcohol-treated monkeys.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that ethanol-induced alterations in GABA(A) function may be due to alterations in GABA(A) subunit mRNA levels and subunit-specific alterations are selective to particular cortical fields.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA. shemby@wfubmc.edu
authors.forename: Scott E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hemby
authors.forename: Joann A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: O'connor
authors.forename: Glen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Acosta
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Floyd
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Brian A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: McCool
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Grant
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003216:Conditioning, Operant; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008297:Male; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D048348:Reverse Transcription / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D000431:Ethanol