Community-based youth tobacco control interventions: cost effectiveness of the Full Court Press project.
BACKGROUND
We evaluated the impact of a community-based tobacco control project that was implemented in the city of Tucson, Arizona, USA, between 1996 and 2001.


OBJECTIVE
The project's goal was to reduce the prevalence of youth smoking through change in social norms at schools and in communities and workplaces. As is often the case, these community-based health promotion interventions were implemented in conjunction with other broader programmes, in this case implemented on the state level.


METHODS
Taking into account state level interventions as well as changes in sociodemographic and economic environment over the course of the project (e.g. increases in cigarette prices), we measure the net effect of the intervention in terms of the number of people who quit or did not initiate smoking and by the discounted life-years gained. To establish the value of investing into community-based intervention, we calculated the real discounted cost per quit and per life-year gained of 3789 US dollars and 3942 US dollars, respectively. These compare favourably with the real cost per quit of 4270 US dollars when implementing the 1996 US Clinical Practice Guideline for smoking cessation but exceed the real cost of 2923 US dollars per discounted life-year gained when following the guideline.


RESULTS
A sensitivity analysis that assumed 5% programme persistence (i.e. 5% of the programme's impact would last forever in the absence of future funding for the programme), one-third would relapse and that one-third of those who quit may have quit smoking even without the programme, suggested a lower cost per discounted life-year saved of 3476 US dollars. The cost effectiveness of this project compares favourably with other tobacco control interventions.


CONCLUSIONS
Despite its relatively small target group, this community-based intervention was cost effective.
Ross
Hana
H
International Tobacco Surveillance, Epidemiology and Surveillance Research, American Cancer Society - National Home Office, Atlanta, Georgia 30329-4251, USA. hana.ross@cancer.org
Powell
Lisa M
LM
Bauer
Joseph E
JE
Levy
David T
DT
Peck
Richard M
RM
Lee
Hye-Ryeon
HR
D000293:Adolescent; D001130:Arizona / Q000453:epidemiology; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003153:Community Health Services / Q000191:economics*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D006078:Government Programs / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000191:economics* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D015995:Prevalence; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D012572:School Health Services / Q000191:economics; D012907:Smoking / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D012925:Social Conformity; D040241:Social Marketing; D019037:Urban Health Services / Q000191:economics*