title: Dynamic and label-free cell-based assays using the real-time cell electronic sensing system.
abstract: Cell-based assays have become an integral part of the preclinical drug development process. Recently, noninvasive label-free cell-based assay technologies have taken center stage, offering important and distinct advantages over and in addition to traditional label-based endpoint assays. Dynamic monitoring of live cells, the preclusion of label, and kinetics are some of the fundamental features of cell-based label-free technologies. In this article we will discuss the real-time cell electronic sensing (RT-CES, ACEA Biosciences Inc., San Diego, CA) system and some of its key applications for cell-based assays such as cell proliferation and cytotoxicity, functional assays for receptor-ligand analysis, cell adhesion and spreading assays, dynamic monitoring of endothelial barrier function, and dynamic monitoring of cell migration and invasion. Also, where appropriate we will briefly discuss other label-free technologies in an application-specific manner.
authors.affiliation: ACEA Biosciences Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
authors.forename: Josephine M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Atienza
authors.forename: Naichen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Shelli L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Kirstein
authors.forename: Biao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yama A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Abassi
mesh_terms: D001681:Biological Assay / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D003199:Computer Systems; D015195:Drug Design; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D010600:Pharmacology / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013673:Technology Assessment, Biomedical; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods