title: Menstrual cycle and sex hormone profile in perimenopausal women after liver transplantation.
abstract: Excellent long-term outcomes of transplant patients let many female liver-recipients experience perimenopausal problems. This study assessed menstrual patterns and sex hormone profiles in women of perimenopausal age who experienced end-stage liver failure treated by transplantation (OLT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Menstrual patterns, sex hormone profiles, and biochemical parameters of liver function were analyzed before and after OLT in 13 liver-transplanted patients of perimenopausal age. Nineteen healthy perimenopausal women served as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common abnormality of the menstrual cycle observed in the study group was secondary amenorrhea, which affected six liver-transplanted women. Three months after OLT amenorrhea was still observed in six patients, regular menstrual cycles in six and irregular bleeding in one graft recipient. One year after transplantation regular menstruations were noted in four, irregular bleeding in four, and secondary amenorrhea in five liver-transplanted women. Similar levels of follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, progesterone and testosterone as well as lower levels of estradiol and DHEA-sulfate were observed in patients with liver failure, both before and after grafting, compared with healthy women. After OLT E2 levels increased from 32.05 +/- 18.04 to 49.12 +/- 22.21.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One year after OLT disturbances in menstrual patterns affect most (69%) perimenopausal female liver recipients. Both before and after OLT significantly lower levels of estradiol and DHEA-S were observed in transplanted patients compared with healthy controls. Hormonal therapy of amenorrhea or irregular menstruations may be required in that group of patients.
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jabiry-Zienjewicz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kaminski
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bobrowska
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pietrzak
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wielgos
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zieniewicz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krawczyk
mesh_terms: D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate / Q000097:blood; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000502:physiology*; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D047648:Perimenopause / Q000502:physiology*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate; D011388:Prolactin; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone