title: Ischemic mitral regurgitation and risk of heart failure after myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The development of ischemic mitral regurgitation (MR) after myocardial infarction may impose hemodynamic load during a period of active left ventricular remodeling and promote heart failure (HF). However, few data are available on the relationship between ischemic MR and the long-term risk for HF.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively studied 1190 patients admitted for acute myocardial infarction. Mitral regurgitation was assessed by echocardiography and was considered mild, moderate, and severe when the regurgitant jet area occupied less than 20%, 20% to 40%, and greater than 40% of the left atrial area, respectively. The median duration of follow-up was 24 months (range, 6-48 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mild and moderate or severe ischemic MR was present in 39.7% and 6.3% of patients, respectively. After adjusting for ejection fraction and clinical variables (age, sex, Killip class, previous infarction, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, anterior infarction, ST-elevation infarction, and coronary revascularization), compared with patients without MR, the hazard ratios for HF were 2.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-4.2; P<.001) and 3.6 (95% CI, 2.0-6.4; P<.001) in patients with mild and moderate or severe ischemic MR, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratios for death were 1.2 (95% CI, 0.8-1.8; P = .43) and 2.0 (95% CI, 1.2-3.4; P = .02) in patients with mild and moderate or severe MR, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a graded independent association between the severity of ischemic MR and the development of HF after myocardial infarction. Even mild ischemic MR is associated with an increase in the risk of HF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Rambam Medical Center and Rappaport Medical School, Haifa, Israel. daronson@tx.technion.ac.il
authors.forename: Doron
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aronson
authors.forename: Noa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Goldsher
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zukermann
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kapeliovich
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lessick
authors.forename: Diab
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mutlak
authors.forename: Salim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dabbah
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Markiewicz
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beyar
authors.forename: Haim
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hammerman
authors.forename: Shimon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reisner
authors.forename: Yoram
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Agmon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012107:Research Design; D012720:Severity of Illness Index