title: Prevalence and development of KIG-relevant symptoms in primary school students from Frankfurt am Main.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the actual need for orthodontic treatment in the late mixed dentition according to the German KIG system (Kieferorthopädische Indikationsgruppen = Orthodontic Indication Groups). By comparing the findings with those of the early mixed dentition, we aimed to evaluate whether a change in the spectrum of malocclusions would occur.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dental check-ups took place in schools in Frankfurt am Main, during which the orthodontically-relevant symptoms of 1251 schoolchildren (female 49.5%, male 50.5%) in grades 4 and 5 were recorded and compared with findings documented 4 years earlier in the same classes at the same schools.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of those orthodontic malocclusions in need of therapy and covered by the statutory health insurance, lateral crossbite and enlarged overjet (more than 6 mm) dominated by 9.2% and 8.7%, respectively, among the 9- to 11-year-old children. Of all the malocclusions recorded within the KIG-group showing a treatment need degree > or = 3, category D4 (overjet greater than 6 mm) at 17.4% was the most frequent, followed by K4 (unilateral crossbite) at 15.3%, and M4 (negative overjet up to -3 mm) at 14.9%. 41.4% of all the children examined presented a treatment indication according to statutory health insurance directives (KIG > or = 3). The 10% reduction in treatment cases financed by statutory health insurance has been achieved in any case [1], as mandated by health policy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our comparison of results gathered from 2000 and 2004 showed that as the children grew older, the prevalence of already-enlarged overjets increased, as did the frequency of deep bite. We observed fewer frontal open bites and crossbites in late mixed dentition. Treatment need according to current statutory health insurance directives was clearly higher in the late mixed dentition (41.4%) than in the early mixed dentition (8%).
authors.affiliation: Zahnärztliches Universitätsinstitut der Stiftung Carolinum, Poliklinik für Kieferorthopädie, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. dr.bettina.glasl@email.de
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Glasl
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schopf
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D003818:Dentition, Mixed; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D020380:Needs Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective; D012571:School Dentistry