title: Molecular evolution of PIII-SVMP and RGD disintegrin genes from the genus Crotalus.
abstract: Several types of disintegrins have been isolated from Crotalus spp rattlesnakes, including RGD disintegrins, and PIII-SVMPs. We isolated six cDNAs from snake venom glands using RT-PCR. Three RGD disintegrins (atroxatin, mojastin, and viridistatin) and three PIII-SVMPs (catroriarin, scutiarin, and viristiarin) cDNAs were isolated from the rattlesnakes Crotalus atrox, Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus, and Crotalus viridis viridis, respectively. Atroxatin and Viridistatin shared 90% amino acid identity to each other, and 87% identity to Mojastin. Scutiarin and Viristiarin were identical. All PIII-SVMPs isolated in this study shared the highest amino acid identity with Catrocollastatin. cDNA and protein sequences for RGD disintegrins, one MVD disintegrin, and PIII-SVMPs of the genus Crotalus (present in the NCBI database), were used in phylogenetic analysis. Neighbor-joining analysis of PIII-SVMP and RGD/MVD disintegrin-coding DNA sequences showed that these groups of genes separate into separate clades. A Phi(ST) pairwise comparison and Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) between PIII-SVMPs and RGD/MVD disintegrins showed significant genetic differences. Mutations observed in ten of the cDNAs analyzed did not affect Cys-coding sequences. Our K(A)/K(S) data suggest that rapid evolution occurred between the genes coding for PIII-SVMPs resulting, in the production of RGD disintegrin-coding genes. However, once these genes diverged, mutations in the PIII-SVMP-coding genes were accumulated less frequently.
authors.affiliation: Biological Sciences Department, San Jose State University, One Washington Square, Duncan Hall 254, San Jose, CA 95192-0100, United States. jsoto3@emai.sjsu.edu
authors.forename: Julio G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Soto
authors.forename: Stephanie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Regalado
authors.forename: Elda E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Perez
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D020029:Base Pairing; D017839:Crotalus / Q000235:genetics*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D019483:Disintegrins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D014644:Genetic Variation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D014757:Viper Venoms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D019483:Disintegrins; D009842:Oligopeptides; D014757:Viper Venoms; C047981:arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid