title: Factors associated with medication hassles experienced by family caregivers of older adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We wished to identify potential factors associated with medication administration hassles, daily irritants, among informal caregivers who provide long-term medication assistance to persons aged 55 or older.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 156 informal caregivers were recruited from seven states and several types of settings. The dependent variable was scores on the Family Caregiver Medication Administration Hassles Scale (FCMAHS). Independent variables included in the analyses were medication complexity; caregiver's gender, ethnicity, relationship to recipient, length of time in caregiving, education, and employment outside the home; care recipient's physical capacity and mental capacity; and whether the caregiver and care recipient live together. After preliminary analysis to reduce the number of independent variables, the remaining variables were included in a linear model (GLM procedure). Possible interactions and residuals were considered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Whites and Hispanics experience greater medication administration hassles than other groups, and perceived hassle intensity increases with medication complexity. Medication administration hassle scores increase with increasing education levels up to a high school degree, after which they remain consistently high. Caregivers whose care recipients have moderate levels of cognitive functioning have higher medication administration hassles scores than those whose care recipients have very high or very low cognitive functioning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The preliminary set of significant variables can be used to identify caregivers who may be at risk of experiencing medication administration hassles, increased stress, and potentially harmful events for their care recipients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Family caregivers are accepting complex caregiving responsibility for family members while receiving little or no support or assistance with caregiving hassles associated with this duty. The FCMAHS offers the means to monitor how caregivers are handling the daily irritants involved with medication administration so that educational interventions can be provided before hassles lead to more serious stress and strain.
authors.affiliation: College of Health and Human Services, MS-2G7, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030-4444, United States. stravis1@gmu.edu
authors.forename: Shirley S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Travis
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: McAuley
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dmochowski
authors.forename: Marie A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: Hsueh-Fen S
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Greene
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001294:Attitude to Health; D017028:Caregivers / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology*; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003071:Cognition; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006701:Home Nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D016743:Mental Competency; D008875:Middle Aged; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D012380:Role; D012646:Self Administration / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States