title: Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein permits early risk stratification of pulmonary embolism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the value of a novel early biomarker, heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP), in risk stratification of patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We prospectively included 107 consecutive patients with confirmed PE. The endpoints were (i) PE-related death or major complications and (ii) overall 30-day mortality. Overall, 29 patients (27%) had abnormal (>6 ng/mL) H-FABP levels at presentation. Of those, 12 (41%) had a complicated course, whereas all patients with normal baseline H-FABP had a favourable 30-day outcome (OR, 71.45; P<0.0001). At multivariable analysis, H-FABP (P<0.0001), but not cardiac troponin T (P=0.13) or N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (P=0.36), predicted an adverse outcome. Evaluation of a strategy combining biomarker testing with echocardiography revealed that patients with a negative H-FABP test had an excellent prognosis regardless of echocardiographic findings. In contrast, patients with a positive H-FABP test had a complication rate of 23.1% even in the presence of a normal echocardiogram, and this rose to 57.1% if echocardiography also demonstrated right ventricular dysfunction (OR vs. a negative H-FABP test, 5.6 and 81.4, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  H-FABP is a promising early indicator of right ventricular injury and dysfunction in acute PE. It may help optimize risk stratification algorithms and treatment strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, University of Goettingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Puls
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dellas
authors.forename: Mareike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lankeit
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olschewski
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Binder
authors.forename: Anette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Geibel
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reiner
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hasenfuss
authors.forename: Stavros
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Konstantinides
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D000074026:Fatty Acid Binding Protein 3; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000209:etiology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014336:Troponin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C493408:FABP3 protein, human; D000074026:Fatty Acid Binding Protein 3; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D014336:Troponin; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain