title: A synchronized substrate-gating mechanism revealed by cubic-core structure of the bovine branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex.
abstract: The dihydrolipoamide acyltransferase (E2b) component of the branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex forms a cubic scaffold that catalyzes acyltransfer from S-acyldihydrolipoamide to CoA to produce acyl-CoA. We have determined the first crystal structures of a mammalian (bovine) E2b core domain with and without a bound CoA or acyl-CoA. These structures reveal both hydrophobic and the previously unreported ionic interactions between two-fold-related trimers that build up the cubic core. The entrance of the dihydrolipoamide-binding site in a 30-A long active-site channel is closed in the apo and acyl-CoA-bound structures. CoA binding to one entrance of the channel promotes a conformational change in the channel, resulting in the opening of the opposite dihydrolipoamide gate. Binding experiments show that the affinity of the E2b core for dihydrolipoamide is markedly increased in the presence of CoA. The result buttresses the model that CoA binding is responsible for the opening of the dihydrolipoamide gate. We suggest that this gating mechanism synchronizes the binding of the two substrates to the active-site channel, which serves as a feed-forward switch to coordinate the E2b-catalyzed acyltransfer reaction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: R Max
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Wynn
authors.forename: Jacinta L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Chad A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Brautigam
authors.forename: Myra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Custorio
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Chuang
mesh_terms: D042942:3-Methyl-2-Oxobutanoate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide) / Q000737:chemistry*; D000214:Acyl Coenzyme A / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D002417:Cattle; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D050505:Mutant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D020836:Protein Structure, Quaternary; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D008063:Thioctic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000214:Acyl Coenzyme A; D050505:Mutant Proteins; C007409:dihydrolipoamide; D008063:Thioctic Acid; D042942:3-Methyl-2-Oxobutanoate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide)