title: Leaching and microbial treatment of a soil contaminated by sulphide ore ashes and aromatic hydrocarbons.
abstract: Contaminated soil from a historical industrial site and containing sulfide ore ashes and aromatic hydrocarbons underwent sequential leaching by 0.5 M citrate and microbial treatments. Heavy metals leaching was with the following efficiency scale: Cu (58.7%) > Pb (55.1%) > Zn (44.5%) > Cd (42.9%) > Cr (26.4%) > Ni (17.7%) > Co (14.0%) > As (12.4%) > Fe (5.3%) > Hg (1.1%) and was accompanied by concomitant removal of organic contaminants (about 13%). Leached metals were concentrated into an iron gel, produced during ferric citrate fermentation by the metal-resistant strain BAS-10 of Klebsiella oxytoca. Concomitantly, the acidic leached soil was bioaugmented with Allescheriella sp. DABAC 1, Stachybotrys sp. DABAC 3, Phlebia sp. DABAC 9, Pleurotus pulmonarius CBS 664.97, and Botryosphaeria rhodina DABAC P82. B. rhodina was most effective, leading to a significant depletion of the most abundant contaminants, including 7-H-benz[DE]anthracene-7-one, 9,10-anthracene dione and dichloroaniline isomers, and to a marked detoxification as assessed by the mortality test with the Collembola Folsomia candida Willem. The overall degradation activities of B. rhodina and P. pulmonarius appeared to be significantly enhanced by the preliminary metal removal.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Agrobiologia e Agrochimica, University of Tuscia, Via S. C. De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Annibale
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Leonardi
authors.forename: Ermanno
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Federici
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baldi
authors.forename: Fulvio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zecchini
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petruccioli
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D005658:Fungi / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; D041121:Klebsiella oxytoca / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D008031:Lignin / Q000378:metabolism; D008670:Metals / Q000378:metabolism; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013440:Sulfides
chemical_list: D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; D008670:Metals; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013440:Sulfides; D008031:Lignin