title: The role of palliative radiation therapy in symptomatic locally advanced gastric cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the outcome of palliative radiotherapy (RT) alone in patients with symptomatic locally advanced or recurrent gastric cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with symptomatic locally advanced or recurrent gastric cancer who were managed palliatively with RT at The Cancer Institute, Singapore were retrospectively reviewed. Study end points included symptom response, median survival, and treatment toxicity (retrospectively scored using the Common Toxicity Criteria v3.0 [CTC]).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between November 1999 and December 2004, 33 patients with locally advanced or recurrent gastric cancer were managed with palliative intent using RT alone. Median age was 76 years (range, 38-90 years). Twenty-one (64%) patients had known distant metastatic disease at time of treatment. Key index symptoms were bleeding (24 patients), obstruction (8 patients), and pain (8 patients). The majority of patients received 30 Gy/10 fractions (17 patients). Dose fractionation regimen ranged from an 8-Gy single fraction to 40 Gy in 16 fractions. Median survival was 145 days, actuarial 12-month survival 8%. A total of 54.3% of patients (13/24) with bleeding responded (median duration of response of 140 days), 25% of patients (2/8) with obstruction responded (median duration of response of 102 days), and 25% of patients (2/8) with pain responded (median duration of response of 105 days). No obvious dose-response was evident. One Grade 3 CTC equivalent toxicity was recorded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  External beam RT alone is an effective and well tolerated modality in the local palliation of gastric cancer, with palliation lasting the majority of patients' lives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore. Jeremy_Tey@mail.nhg.com.sg
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tey
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Back
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Shakespeare
authors.forename: Rahul K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.forename: Jiade J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Khai Mun
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Lea Choung
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Cheng Nang
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000532:radiotherapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D010146:Pain / Q000532:radiotherapy; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome