Serological evidence for Borna disease virus infection in humans, wild rodents and other vertebrates in Finland.
BACKGROUND
Borna disease virus (BDV) can infect many vertebrate species, including humans. BDV infection may lead to meningoencephalomyelitis in animals. An association with human neuropsychiatric diseases has been reported, but the causal relationship between BDV and human disease remains unclear.


OBJECTIVE
To find out whether BDV is present in Finland and to look for a potential reservoir, we examined a large panel of blood samples from different vertebrate species with immunofluorescence assay. Samples from horses, cats, dogs, sheep, cattle, large predators, grouse, wild rodents and humans were included. Most positive results were confirmed by other specific methods and in other laboratories.


CONCLUSIONS
BDV-specific antibodies were detected in 10 horses, 2 cats, as well as 2 horses and 1 dog from farms housing a previously detected seropositive horse. Interestingly, BDV-specific antibodies were further detected in three wild rodents. In humans, BDV-specific antibodies were detected in a veterinarian and in two patients suspected to have a Puumala hantavirus infection. Our serological analysis suggests that BDV infects various vertebrates in Finland, including humans. Furthermore, our data indicate for the first time that BDV infects also wild rodents.
Kinnunen
Paula M
PM
Division of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 66, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. Paula.Kinnunen@helsinki.fi
Billich
Christian
C
Ek-Kommonen
Christine
C
Henttonen
Heikki
H
Kallio
R K  Eva
RK
Niemimaa
Jukka
J
Palva
Airi
A
Staeheli
Peter
P
Vaheri
Antti
A
Vapalahti
Olli
O
D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D001717:Birds; D001890:Borna Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001891:Borna disease virus / Q000276:immunology*; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D002415:Cats; D002417:Cattle; D002460:Cell Line; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D004285:Dogs; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D012376:Rodent Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D012377:Rodentia; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D012756:Sheep; D018634:Veterinarians
D000914:Antibodies, Viral