title: Cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases in prostate and breast cancers.
abstract: Oxidative metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids through cyclooxygenases or lipoxygenases can generate various lipid peroxides and bioactive lipids, and regulate cellular proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and senescence. The role of the second cyclooxygenase isoform (COX-2) has been demonstrated in a number of studies and is regarded as a promising target for chemoprevention and treatment. The involvement for lipoxygenases in tumor initiation and progression has been implicated in several studies but remains controversial. Among the many members of lipoxygenase family, both tumor promoting and suppressing activities have been described. For example, 15-lipoxygenase-1 has been implicated as a tumor promoter in prostate cancer, but it suppresses colon cancer. In this review, the role of cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases in cancer will be described, with the hope of attracting further research to define their functions in cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine and Cancer Institute, PO Box 19626, Springfield, IL 62794-9626, USA. dnie@siumed.edu
authors.forename: Daotai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nie
mesh_terms: D001092:Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase / Q000502:physiology; D001093:Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase / Q000502:physiology; D001094:Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase / Q000502:physiology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008084:Lipoxygenase / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000502:physiology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D008084:Lipoxygenase; D001092:Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase; D001093:Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase; D001094:Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases