title: The Mediterranean and CHO diets decrease VCAM-1 and E-selectin expression induced by modified low-density lipoprotein in HUVECs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The oxidative modifications of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) are crucial for the atherosclerosis process. The aim of this study was to determine if the minimally modified LDL, obtained after the ingestion of three different diets, produce differential effects on the vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin expression in human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty healthy young males were exposed to three dietary periods. Each period lasted four weeks. During the first period, all subjects consumed a saturated fat (SFA) enriched diet (38% fat, 20% SFA). The second and third dietary periods were administered following a randomized crossover design: a low fat high carbohydrates diet (CHO diet) and a Mediterranean diet. LDL particles, isolated during each dietary period, were oxidized by exposure to UV light and incubated for 48 h with HUVEC. Thereafter, 100 U/mL of TNF-alpha was added and incubation continued for 6 h. Cellular ELISA determined adhesion molecules expression. Lag time, propagation rate and total amounts of formed conjugated dienes were calculated in LDL incubated with 10mumol/L Cu(2+). When compared to the SFA diet, LDL isolated from the Mediterranean and CHO diets induced a lower expression of VCAM-1 and E-selectin in HUVECS (P<0.007). There were no differences between both lipid lowering diets. However, lag time of LDL from the Mediterranean diet was higher than with the CHO diet (P<0.042). This parameter was inversely correlated with E-selectin expression (r=-0.497; P<0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that both the Mediterranean and CHO diets may decrease the pro-inflammatory environment induced by modified LDL in endothelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Avda. Menendez Pidal, s/n. 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bellido
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: López-Miranda
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pérez-Martínez
authors.forename: Elier
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Paz
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marín
authors.forename: Purificación
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.forename: Juan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pérez-Jiménez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000032:analysis*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D019040:E-Selectin; D005227:Fatty Acids; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein