title: Peritoneal instillation of taurolidine or polihexanide modulates intestinal microcirculation in experimental endotoxemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Treatment of peritonitis may include peritoneal lavage/instillation with anti-infective agents like taurolidine or chlorhexidine.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the effects of peritoneal instillation (INST, 5-ml solution) with taurolidine (TAURO) or polihexanide (POLI-LS) on intestinal microcirculation using intravital microscopy (IVM) in experimental endotoxemia (15 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide i.v.; LPS) in the rat (n = 8 each group), their direct effects on local small blood vessels, aortal rings, and myocardial strips in vitro, as well as plasma interleukin levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was found that LPS produced hypotension (98.8 +/- 9.5 vs 130.4 +/- 10.5 mmHg; mean arterial pressure [MAP], mean +/- standard deviation [SD]), which was further pronounced after INST of TAURO (78.8 +/- 10.8; P < 0.005) or POLI-LS (78.1 +/- 6.0; P < 0.001). IVM revealed a reduction in temporary adhering leucocytes and an increase in firmly adhering leucocytes after INST with TAURO and POLI-LS. Both agents reduced functional capillary density either in the mucosa (POLI-LS vs sham: 259.7 +/- 54 cm/cm(2) vs 337.1 +/- 35.5) or longitudinal muscular layer in LPS rats (TAURO vs sham: 119.8 +/- 14.8 vs 153.7 +/- 11.0). POLI-LS induced local vasodilatation, whereas TAURO induced small vasoconstriction; in vitro, both agents showed vasodilating properties and did not have any effect on myocardial strip contraction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some of the observed microcirculatory changes could be a result of the direct vascular effects of these agents.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Friedrich-Loeffler Str. 23B, 17487, Greifswald, Germany. pavlovic@uni-greifswald.de
authors.forename: Helge
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Frieling
authors.forename: Kai-Steffen
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lauer
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gründling
authors.forename: Taras
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Usichenko
authors.forename: Konrad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Meissner
authors.forename: Theoni
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanellopoulou
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wendt
authors.forename: Dragan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pavlovic
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001645:Biguanides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007322:Instillation, Drug; D007422:Intestines / Q000098:blood supply*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects*; D010533:Peritoneal Lavage / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D013654:Taurine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D013829:Thiadiazines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D001645:Biguanides; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D013829:Thiadiazines; D013654:Taurine; C031233:polihexanide; C012566:taurolidine