title: Expression of Hoxa2 in rhombomere 4 is regulated by a conserved cross-regulatory mechanism dependent upon Hoxb1.
abstract: The Hoxa2 gene is an important component of regulatory events during hindbrain segmentation and head development in vertebrates. In this study we have used sequenced comparisons of the Hoxa2 locus from 12 vertebrate species in combination with detailed regulatory analyses in mouse and chicken embryos to characterize the mechanistic basis for the regulation of Hoxa2 in rhombomere (r) 4. A highly conserved region in the Hoxa2 intron functions as an r4 enhancer. In vitro binding studies demonstrate that within the conserved region three bipartite Hox/Pbx binding sites (PH1-PH3) in combination with a single binding site for Pbx-Prep/Meis (PM) heterodimers co-operate to regulate enhancer activity in r4. Mutational analysis reveals that these sites are required for activity of the enhancer, suggesting that the r4 enhancer from Hoxa2 functions in vivo as a Hox-response module in combination with the Hox cofactors, Pbx and Prep/Meis. Furthermore, this r4 enhancer is capable of mediating a response to ectopic HOXB1 expression in the hindbrain. These findings reveal that Hoxa2 is a target gene of Hoxb1 and permit us to develop a gene regulatory network for r4, whereby Hoxa2, along with Hoxb1, Hoxb2 and Hoxa1, is integrated into a series of auto- and cross-regulatory loops between Hox genes. These data highlight the important role played by direct cross-talk between Hox genes in regulating hindbrain patterning.
authors.affiliation: Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tümpel
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cambronero
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ferretti
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blasi
authors.forename: Leanne M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Wiedemann
authors.forename: Robb
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krumlauf
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002642:Chick Embryo; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012249:Rhombencephalon / Q000378:metabolism*; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: C101121:HOXB1 homeodomain protein; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C489833:Hoxa2 protein, mouse