title: Early administration of fluvastatin, but not at the onset of ischemia or reperfusion, attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through the nitric oxide pathway rather than its antioxidant property.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Three-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) are known to attenuate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Fluvastatin (FV) has a potent free radical scavenging action, but it is unclear whether the timing of FV administration could affect its cardioprotective effect or if the antioxidant property of FV might attenuate IR injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IR was induced in rats by left coronary artery occlusion for 30 min followed by 24-h reperfusion. The rats were divided into 4 groups: oral FV group (10 mg/kg per day for 2 weeks before ischemia); iv, FV group (10 mg/kg) before ischemia; iv, FV group (10 mg/kg) before reperfusion; and control group. Oxidative stress was evaluated by myocardial 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) content. The area at risk did not different among the 4 groups. Pretreatment with FV for 2 weeks significantly reduced the infarct size by 28% as compared with the control group, but FV administered just before ischemia or reperfusion did not. Myocardial 8-OHdG content was not affected by FV. The infarct-sparing effect of FV was completely abolished by N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester or wortmannin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results indicate that pretreatment with FV, but not just before ischemia or reperfusion, attenuates IR injury primarily through the nitric oxide pathway, not through its antioxidant property.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsuki
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Igawa
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nozawa
authors.forename: Teruo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakadate
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Igarashi
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nonomura
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077340:Fluvastatin; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007211:Indoles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D007211:Indoles; D008055:Lipids; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000077340:Fluvastatin; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D003849:Deoxyguanosine