title: The role of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in mediating particulate matter injury.
abstract: Numerous reports link oxidative stress to particulate matter (PM)-induced adverse health effects. Increasing evidence is being collected that reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress are involved in PM-mediated injury. The physical characteristics and the chemical composition of PM play a key role in reactive oxygen species generation in vitro and in vivo. According to the hierarchical oxidative stress hypothesis, antioxidant phase II enzymes protect against PM-induced inflammation and cytotoxicity. This concept is useful in understanding PM-induced disease models, susceptibility, and biomaker development to access exposures outcomes and is useful for developing therapeutic intervention in PM-induced adverse health effects.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 52-175 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1680, USA.
authors.forename: Tian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kovochich
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nel
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species