title: In vitro toxicity of silica nanoparticles in human lung cancer cells.
abstract: The cytotoxicity of 15-nm and 46-nm silica nanoparticles was investigated by using crystalline silica (Min-U-Sil 5) as a positive control in cultured human bronchoalveolar carcinoma-derived cells. Exposure to 15-nm or 46-nm SiO(2) nanoparticles for 48 h at dosage levels between 10 and 100 microg/ml decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Both SiO(2) nanoparticles were more cytotoxic than Min-U-Sil 5; however, the cytotoxicities of 15-nm and 46-nm silica nanoparticles were not significantly different. The 15-nm SiO(2) nanoparticles were used to determine time-dependent cytotoxicity and oxidative stress responses. Cell viability decreased significantly as a function of both nanoparticle dosage (10-100 microg/ml) and exposure time (24 h, 48 h, and 72 h). Indicators of oxidative stress and cytotoxicity, including total reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione, malondialdehyde, and lactate dehydrogenase, were quantitatively assessed. Exposure to SiO(2) nanoparticles increased ROS levels and reduced glutathione levels. The increased production of malondialdehyde and lactate dehydrogenase release from the cells indicated lipid peroxidation and membrane damage. In summary, exposure to SiO(2) nanoparticles results in a dose-dependent cytotoxicity in cultural human bronchoalveolar carcinoma-derived cells that is closely correlated to increased oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Environmental Research Center, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, MO 65409, USA.
authors.forename: Weisheng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yue-Wern
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Xiao-Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yinfa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D002282:Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010316:Particle Size; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D005978:Glutathione