title: Use of the process dissociation procedure to study the contextual effects on face recognition in schizophrenia: familiarity, associative recollection and discriminative recollection.
abstract: Contextual effects were explored in schizophrenia patients and paired comparison subjects during a long-term face recognition task. The objective was to investigate the contextual effects on face recognition by manipulating, in the same experiment, the perceptual context of the face (intrinsic vs. extrinsic) and the task context (inclusion vs. exclusion instructions). The situation was derived from the Jacoby's [Jacoby, L.L., 1991. A process dissociation framework: separating automatic from intentional uses of memory. Journal of Memory and Language 30, 513-541] process dissociation procedure. The results showed that schizophrenia patients (N=20) presented lower performances than healthy controls (N=20) in the inclusion but not in the exclusion task. This observation emphasizes the heterogeneity of recollection and suggests that the memory impairment in schizophrenia reflects an imbalance between two mechanisms. The first is a deficit in "associative recollection", i.e., the failure to use efficiently associative information. The other is an enhanced "discriminative recollection" that impedes their capacity to process information separately from its perceptual context. In addition, correlation with symptoms suggest that the former is expressed in the loosening of associations characteristic of disorganization symptoms, whereas the latter reflects the lack of flexibility or the contextualization bias related to psychotic symptoms, i.e., delusions and hallucinations.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche F-Séguin, Hôpital Louis-H Lafontaine, 7331 rue Hochelaga Montréal, (Québec), Canada. guillaume@isc.cnrs.fr
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guillaume
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guillem
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tiberghien
authors.forename: Flavie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ganeva
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Germain
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pampoulova
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stip
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lalonde
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001244:Association; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D010468:Perceptual Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011930:Reaction Time; D021641:Recognition, Psychology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014796:Visual Perception