title: Editor meets silencer: crosstalk between RNA editing and RNA interference.
abstract: The most prevalent type of RNA editing is mediated by ADAR (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA) enzymes, which convert adenosines to inosines (a process known as A-->I RNA editing) in double-stranded (ds)RNA substrates. A-->I RNA editing was long thought to affect only selected transcripts by altering the proteins they encode. However, genome-wide screening has revealed numerous editing sites within inverted Alu repeats in introns and untranslated regions. Also, recent evidence indicates that A-->I RNA editing crosstalks with RNA-interference pathways, which, like A-->I RNA editing, involve dsRNAs. A-->I RNA editing therefore seems to have additional functions, including the regulation of retrotransposons and gene silencing, which adds a new urgency to the challenges of fully understanding ADAR functions.
authors.affiliation: The Wistar Institute, Department of Gene Expression and Regulation, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4268, USA. kazuko@wistar.org
authors.forename: Kazuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishikura
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020087:Alu Elements; D000818:Animals; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007288:Inosine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D007438:Introns; D017393:RNA Editing; D034622:RNA Interference; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D018626:Retroelements
chemical_list: D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D018626:Retroelements; D007288:Inosine; C567955:ADARB1 protein, human; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase; D000241:Adenosine