title: Development of a triage protocol for critical care during an influenza pandemic.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The recent outbreaks of avian influenza (H5N1) have placed a renewed emphasis on preparing for an influenza pandemic in humans. Of particular concern in this planning is the allocation of resources, such as ventilators and antiviral medications, which will likely become scarce during a pandemic.
  
  
  METHODS
  We applied a collaborative process using best evidence, expert panels, stakeholder consultations and ethical principles to develop a triage protocol for prioritizing access to critical care resources, including mechanical ventilation, during a pandemic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The triage protocol uses the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and has 4 main components: inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria, minimum qualifications for survival and a prioritization tool.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This protocol is intended to provide guidance for making triage decisions during the initial days to weeks of an influenza pandemic if the critical care system becomes overwhelmed. Although we designed this protocol for use during an influenza pandemic, the triage protocol would apply to patients both with and without influenza, since all patients must share a single pool of critical care resources.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases & Critical Care, Department of Postgraduate Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. michael.christian@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Christian
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hawryluck
authors.forename: Randy S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Wax
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Neil M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Lazar
authors.forename: Margaret S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Herridge
authors.forename: Matthew P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.forename: Douglas R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Gowans
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fortier
authors.forename: Frederick M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Burkle
mesh_terms: D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003422:Critical Care; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004608:Eligibility Determination; D014943:Global Health; D015276:Health Care Rationing; D006801:Humans; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure; D011379:Prognosis; D016730:Program Development; D014218:Triage / Q000941:ethics / Q000379:methods