title: Divergent trends in the incidence of end-stage renal disease due to Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in Europe, Canada and Australia during 1998-2002.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the variation in geographical distribution of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) due to Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, and to calculate recent trends in incidence in predominantly white populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Estimation of age- and sex-standardized incidence of ESRD by type of diabetes, and temporal trends, in population-based data for persons aged 30-44, 45-54 or 55-64 years newly treated for ESRD during 1998-2002 in eight countries or regions of Europe, and Non-Indigenous Canadians and Australians.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of ESRD due to Type 1 diabetes at age 30-44 years correlated with published rates of childhood-onset insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (P = 0.0025). ESRD due to Type 2 diabetes was uncommon before 45 years of age; in older persons, the highest rates (in Canada and Austria) were five times the lowest rates (in Norway and the Basque region). Rates of ESRD due to Type 1 diabetes fell, per year, by 6.4%[95% confidence interval (CI): 2.1-10.6%) in persons aged 30-44 years, and by 7.7% (95% CI: 2.4-12.7%] in those aged 45-54 years. In contrast, rates of ESRD due to Type 2 diabetes increased annually by 16% (95% CI: 5-28%) in the 30-44-year age group, 11% (95% CI: 6-16%) at 45-54 years, and 9% (95% CI: 5-14%) at 55-64 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Modern prevention has reduced progression of nephropathy to ESRD due to Type 1 diabetes, but the continuing rise of ESRD due to Type 2 diabetes represents a failure of current disease control measures that has serious public health implications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand. margaret.mccredie@stonebow.otago.ac.nz
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: M R E
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: McCredie
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015982:Bias; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence