title: Comparison of human uterine cervical electrical impedance measurements derived using two tetrapolar probes of different sizes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We sought to compare uterine cervical electrical impedance spectroscopy measurements employing two probes of different sizes, and to employ a finite element model to predict and compare the fraction of electrical current derived from subepithelial stromal tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cervical impedance was measured in 12 subjects during early pregnancy using 2 different sizes of the probes on each subject.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean cervical resistivity was significantly higher (5.4 vs. 2.8 Omegam; p < 0.001) with the smaller probe in the frequency rage of 4-819 kHz. There was no difference in the short-term intra-observer variability between the two probes. The cervical impedance measurements derived in vivo followed the pattern predicted by the finite element model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inter-electrode distance on the probes for measuring cervical impedance influences the tissue resistivity values obtained. Determining the appropriate probe size is necessary when conducting clinical studies of resistivity of the cervix and other human tissues.
authors.affiliation: Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, University of Sheffield & Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK. s.gandhi@sheffield.ac.uk <s.gandhi@sheffield.ac.uk>
authors.forename: Saurabh V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Gandhi
authors.forename: Dawn C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Brian H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Dilly O C
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Anumba
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000502:physiology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004566:Electrodes; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D010992:Plethysmography, Impedance / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity