title: In situ visualization of paclitaxel distribution and release by coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy.
abstract: Visualization of three-dimensional distribution of drug molecules and subsequent changes during the release process is critical for understanding drug delivery mechanisms as well as designing tailor-made release profiles. This study utilized coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) imaging to examine paclitaxel distribution in various polymer films with lateral resolution of 0.3 microm and depth resolution of 0.9 microm. Raman bands in the CH stretch vibration and fingerprint regions were used to distinguish paclitaxel from the polymers. The detection sensitivity was measured to be 29 mM by imaging paclitaxel molecules dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide solution. Release of paclitaxel from a polymer matrix was monitored at an acquisition speed of 1 frame/s. Our results show that CARS microscopy can be used effectively for in situ imaging of native drug molecules in a delivery system.
authors.affiliation: Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, and Department of Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors.forename: Eunah
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Haifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Il Keun
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Kinam
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ji-Xin
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods*; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; D017239:Paclitaxel