title: Development and validation of a liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of alpha-tocopherol, retinol and retinyl esters in human serum using a monolithic column for the monitoring of anticancer therapy side effects.
abstract: Among other side effects, administration of anticancer agents is accompanied by manifestations of gastrointestinal toxicity and disturbances of antioxidant balance. The monitoring of these toxic effects in clinical practice is impeded by a dearth of reliable laboratory methods. Therefore, a simple and rapid reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography procedure for selective and sensitive determination of retinol, a-tocopherol, and retinyl esters (retinyl-palmitate and retinyl-stearate) in blood serum has been developed and presented in this study. A Series 200 LC HPLC instrument from Perkin Elmer (Norwalk, USA) with diode-array detector (DAD) was used for the analysis. Separations of retinol, alpha-tocopherol, retinyl-palmitate, and retinyl-stearate were performed using a Chromolith Performance RP-18e, 100 x 4.6 mm monolithic column from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Gradient elution was used at a flow rate of 3 mL/min; the mobile phase was methanol-water (95:5, v/v) for 0-2.1 min and methanol-2-propanol (60:40, v/v) for 2.1-4.9 min. The total time of analysis was 6 min. The injection volume was 20 microL and the analysis was performed at ambient temperature. Detection of retinol, alpha-tocopherol, and retinyl esters was carried out at 325, 295, and 330 nm, respectively. For practical assessment of the method, the vitamin A absorption test was performed on seven healthy controls as well as on six patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma or head and neck carcinoma previously treated by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, six patients with rectal carcinoma before chemoradiotherapy, four patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) before treatment with imatinib, and a breast cancer patient with chemotherapy-induced diarrhea. Present data demonstrate the feasibility of large scale HPLC determination of vitamin E, vitamin A, and retinyl esters in human serum using a silica monolithic column, and this method may represent a valuable aid in the laboratory monitoring of the toxicity of anticancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Charles University in Prague, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Lubor
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Urbánek
authors.forename: Lenka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Krcmová
authors.forename: Dagmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Solichová
authors.forename: Bohuslav
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Melichar
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Opletalová
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Solich
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001549:Benzamides; D002138:Calibration; D002845:Chromatography / Q000379:methods; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000139:chemically induced; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004952:Esters / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D046152:Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D010879:Piperazines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001549:Benzamides; D004952:Esters; D010879:Piperazines; D011743:Pyrimidines; D014801:Vitamin A; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol