title: Preparation of micrometer-sized polymer particles with control of initiator dissociation during soap-free emulsion polymerization.
abstract: A previously proposed method of soap-free emulsion polymerization employing an amphoteric initiator, 2,2'-azobis [N-(2-carboxyethyl)-2-methylpropionamidine] tetrahydrate (VA-057), was extended to synthesize micrometer-sized polystyrene particles with low polydispersity in an acidic region of pH from 3.3 to 4.6. A buffer system of CH3COOH/CH3COONa was used for the adjustment of pH, which was aimed at effective promotion of particle coagulation in early stage of the polymerization. In these experiments, CH3COOH concentration was varied from 20 to 360 mM at a CH3COONa concentration of 10 mM. Polymer particles with an average size of 1.8 microm and low polydispersity were obtained at the CH3COOH concentration of 40 mM for the concentrations of 1.1 M styrene monomer and 10 mM initiator. To more precisely control dispersion stability of particles, experiments in which pH was stepwisely changed during the polymerization were also carried out. This polymerization method could enhance the average size of particles to 2.2 microm while retaining the monodispersity of particles. Furthermore, combination of pH stepwise change and monomer addition during the polymerization could produce particles with an average size of 3.0 microm and low polydispersity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07 Aoba, Aramaki-aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nagao
authors.forename: Tatsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Konno
authors.forename: Shunchao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Konno