title: Thoracoscopy in children: anaesthesiological implications and case reports.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Videoassisted thoracic surgical technique in children is being used with increasing frequency for an extensive variety of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The aim of the study was to assess respiratory, cardiocirculatory and body temperature changes in children undergoing thoracoscopy and to identify if the trend of such changes was modifiable by factors such as lung exclusion, length of the thoracoscopy and preoperative respiratory compromise.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 50 patients (38 boys and 12 girls) undergoing general anaesthesia for diagnostic and therapeutic thoracoscopic procedures were analysed. The values of the monitored parameters were compared at 6 specific times: T1 - at the end of anaesthesia induction (considered the basal level); T2 - after lateral position; T3 - before pleural CO2 insufflation; T4 - 10 min after pleural CO2 insufflation; T5 - before pleural deflation; T6 - 10 min after pleural deflation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients tolerated the thoracoscopy well, without intraoperative complications. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were significantly lower, and end-tidal CO2 (PETCO(2) significantly higher during thoracoscopy. Body temperature (BT) had a statistically significant reduction during thoracoscopy and after pleural deflation. During one-lung ventilation the PETCO(2) increased compared to two-lung ventilation with intrapleural insufflation, while during two-lung ventilation with intrapleural insufflation SBP and DBP decreased compared to one-lung ventilation. The length of the thoracoscopy increased the PETCO(2) and reduced the BT. The preoperative respiratory compromise increased the PETCO(2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although thoracoscopy in children brings about certain respiratory, cardiocirculatory and body temperature changes, it is nevertheless a safe and efficient surgical technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anestesia, and Intensive Care Antalgic Therapy, University Hospital of Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy. andrea_gentili@libero.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gentili
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Rose
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pigna
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Codeluppi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baroncini
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D001775:Blood Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology; D013906:Thoracoscopy