title: Montelukast decreases plasma endothelin-1 and serum eosinophil cationic protein levels in paediatric atopic asthma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is produced by vascular endothelial cells and epithelial cells, T-lymphocytes and phagocytes. Increased ET-1 levels have been demonstrated in the bronchial epithelium of asthma patients. In vitro, ET-1 stimulates mucus secretion, activates proinflammatory cells - macrophages and mast cells - and serves as a mitogenic stimulus for fibroblasts and smooth muscle. In addition, ET-1 activates phospholipase 2. Compared with healthy individuals, asthma patients have increased ET-1 levels during an attack and following stabilisation. Our study was designed to examine plasma ET-1 (P-ET) levels in paediatric atopic patients newly diagnosed with persistent mild bronchial asthma and 1 month after initiation of montelukast therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients' histories were examined, and their blood eosinophil leucocyte count and levels of total serum immunoglobulin E (S-IgE), serum eosinophil cationic protein (S-ECP) and P-ET were determined. Thirty-six patients with persistent mild bronchial asthma were treated with the leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast, administered once a day for 4 weeks. Second P-ET and S-ECP level determinations were made 4 weeks later with all the children included in the study. P-ET levels were also determined in a group of 27 healthy children who had no atopy in their medical histories and were taking no drugs (including montelukast), and who served as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean +/- SD pretreatment P-ET level in the 36 study children was 11.542 +/- 6.408 pg/L, and this decreased to 5.636 +/- 4.419 pg/L after 1 month's therapy with montelukast (statistically significant difference; p < 0.0001). Both of these values were significantly higher (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.031, respectively) than the mean level in the control group of 27 children (3.543 +/- 2.497 pg/L). The mean pretreatment S-ECP level was 35.78 +/- 19.58 microg/L, and this decreased to 19.54 +/- 13.86 microg/L after 1 month's therapy (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated a decrease in P-ET levels in children with mild asthma receiving montelukast. This indicates a reduction in the severity of the inflammatory response and, hence, provides evidence for the anti-inflammatory effect of montelukast. Monitoring both ET-1 and ECP levels at regular follow-up may be useful in assessing these two facets of activity of chronic inflammation in bronchial asthma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital and Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic. koprivaf@fnol.cz
authors.forename: Frantisek
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kopriva
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Janostáková
authors.forename: Szotkowská
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jarmila
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zápalka
authors.forename: Marián
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hajduch
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000293:Adolescent; D000420:Albuterol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001249:Asthma / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000097:blood*; D047150:Eosinophil Cationic Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020024:Leukotriene Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D011804:Quinolines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013440:Sulfides; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D019332:Endothelin-1; D020024:Leukotriene Antagonists; D011804:Quinolines; D013440:Sulfides; D047150:Eosinophil Cationic Protein; C093875:montelukast; D000420:Albuterol