title: NAD+ metabolism in health and disease.
abstract: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) is both a coenzyme for hydride-transfer enzymes and a substrate for NAD(+)-consuming enzymes, which include ADP-ribose transferases, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases, cADP-ribose synthases and sirtuins. Recent results establish protective roles for NAD(+) that might be applicable therapeutically to prevent neurodegenerative conditions and to fight Candida glabrata infection. In addition, the contribution that NAD(+) metabolism makes to lifespan extension in model systems indicates that therapies to boost NAD(+) might promote some of the beneficial effects of calorie restriction. Nicotinamide riboside, the recently discovered nucleoside precursor of NAD(+) in eukaryotic systems, might have advantages as a therapy to elevate NAD(+) without inhibiting sirtuins, which is associated with high-dose nicotinamide, or incurring the unpleasant side-effects of high-dose nicotinic acid.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Genetics and of Biochemistry and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Belenky
authors.forename: Katrina L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Bogan
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brenner
mesh_terms: D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases / Q000378:metabolism; D036541:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase / Q000378:metabolism; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D041221:Candida glabrata; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D009243:NAD / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000378:metabolism; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D037761:Sirtuins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D009243:NAD; D009536:Niacinamide; D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D036541:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase; D037761:Sirtuins