title: 3D documentation of footwear impressions and tyre tracks in snow with high resolution optical surface scanning.
abstract: The three-dimensional documentation of footwear and tyre impressions in snow offers an opportunity to capture additional fine detail for the identification as present photographs. For this approach, up to now, different casting methods have been used. Casting of footwear impressions in snow has always been a difficult assignment. This work demonstrates that for the three-dimensional documentation of impressions in snow the non-destructive method of 3D optical surface scanning is suitable. The new method delivers more detailed results of higher accuracy than the conventional casting techniques. The results of this easy to use and mobile 3D optical surface scanner were very satisfactory in different meteorological and snow conditions. The method is also suitable for impressions in soil, sand or other materials. In addition to the side by side comparison, the automatic comparison of the 3D models and the computation of deviations and accuracy of the data simplify the examination and delivers objective and secure results. The results can be visualized efficiently. Data exchange between investigating authorities at a national or an international level can be achieved easily with electronic data carriers.
authors.affiliation: University of Bern, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Buehlstrasse 20, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. ursula.buck@irm.unibe.ch
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Buck
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Albertini
authors.forename: Silvio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naether
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Thali
mesh_terms: D001336:Automobiles; D002133:Calcium Sulfate; D005554:Forensic Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D010781:Photography; D012775:Shoes; D012914:Snow; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D002133:Calcium Sulfate