Molecular mechanisms of cross-talk between thyroid hormone and peroxisome proliferator activated receptors: focus on the heart.
Thyroid hormone receptors (TR) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPAR) regulate cardiac metabolism. Numerous studies have examined TR and PPAR function since PPAR was first discovered in the early 1990s, however few have evaluated TR and PPAR interactions. Although ligands for these members of the nuclear steroid receptor family are under evaluation for treatment of congestive heart failure and various metabolic diseases, their interactions have not been investigated in detail in heart. These interactions are remarkably complicated. Nevertheless, their identification and elucidation is extremely important for further development of specific drugs. We review here the fundamental ways TRs and PPARs are regulated and how their cross-talk patterns mediate transcription of their target genes.
Hyyti
Outi M
OM
Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Childrens Hospital & Regional Medical Center, 4800 Sandpoint Way NE, 4G-1, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
Portman
Michael A
MA
D000818:Animals; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020239:Receptor Cross-Talk; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone