title: Interleukin-1beta up-regulates inducible nitric oxide by way of phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent in a cochlear cell model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of interleukin (IL)-1beta on inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) expression in cochlea and the molecular and signaling mechanisms involved.
  
  
  METHODS
  House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1) cells were used and exposed to IL-1beta. Pharmacologic inhibitors such as PD98059 (an extracellular-regulated protein kinase [ERKs] inhibitor), SB203580 (a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK] inhibitor), SP600125 (a c-Jun N-terminal kinases [JNKs]) inhibitor), and LY294002 (an inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase [PI3 K]) were used to see the role of JNKs, ERKs, p38 MAPK, or PI3 K signaling pathway(s) in iNOS expression in response to IL-1beta in HEI-OC1 cells. Western blot and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses were used to measure iNOS protein and mRNA expression, respectively. Luciferase assay was carried out to measure the transcription of iNOS by IL-1beta in HEI-OC1 cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment of IL-1beta resulted in a concentration-dependent increase of iNOS protein and mRNA and NO production. One nanogram per milliliter of IL-1beta treatment for 4 to 8 hours was sufficient to highly induce iNOS. IL-1beta treatment also led to activation of JNKs, ERKs, and p70S6 K. Interestingly, pharmacologic inhibition of the PI3 K signaling pathway by LY294002 resulted in strong down-regulation of the IL-1beta-induced expressions of iNOS protein and mRNA. However, inhibition of JNKs and ERKs by SP29004 and PD98059, respectively, had no effect on the IL-1beta-induced iNOS expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1beta strongly induces iNOS expression and NO production in HEI-OC1 cells, and the induction appears to be achieved by increased iNOS transcription and activation of PI3 K signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea. entnamsi@dsmc.or.kr
authors.forename: Sung-Il
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Nam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000873:Anthracenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D002460:Cell Line; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism*; D009925:Organ of Corti / Q000166:cytology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000502:physiology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000873:Anthracenes; D002867:Chromones; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D007093:Imidazoles; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D009025:Morpholines; D011725:Pyridines; C432165:pyrazolanthrone; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; C093642:SB 203580; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one