title: Lung cancer mortality and carbon black exposure: Cox regression analysis of a cohort from a German carbon black production plant.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We undertook a lung cancer mortality analysis of 1528 German carbon black workers, followed between the years of 1976-1998, who produced furnace black, lamp black, and gas black.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used Cox modeling across age with time-dependent covariates, ie, cumulative and mean carbon black exposure, duration of work in departments, adjusting for calendar time, a smoking indicator, and age at hire. Exposures were lagged up to 20 years. Analyses were performed with the full cohort and after restriction to an inception cohort.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 50 lung cancer deaths occurred. No positive association was found with carbon black exposure indices. Some models indicated an increasing risk across duration of work in the lamp black producing department.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results do not suggest that carbon black exposure is a human lung carcinogen. The lamp black results, if no artifact, may point at historical exposures to gaseous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
authors.affiliation: Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeitsmedizin, Sozialmedizin und Sozialhygiene der Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany. Peter.Morfeld@RAG.DE
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Morfeld
authors.forename: Sebastian F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Büchte
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wellmann
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: McCunney
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Piekarski
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D053260:Soot / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D053260:Soot