title: Mutations and nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin correlate with intestinal phenotypic expression in human gastric cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Abnormal localization of beta-catenin is frequently observed in human gastric cancers. The aim of the present study was to evaluate relationships among gastrointestinal differentiation phenotypes, beta-catenin localization and mutations of Wnt signalling genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-seven regions in 39 gastric adenocarcinomas were classified according to beta-catenin localization and gastric and intestinal phenotypes. Cases with membranous beta-catenin localization showed a gradual decrease from gastric (G) (55% = 6/11) and gastric-and-intestinal-mixed (GI) (17% = 5/29) to intestinal (I) (0% = 0/21) phenotypes, while those with nuclear localization showed a concomitant increase: 18% (2/11), 41% (12/29), 95% (20/21) and 63% (10/16) for G, GI, I and null type (N), respectively (P < 0.001, membranous versus nuclear localization in G, GI through I). Mutations in exon 3 of the beta-catenin gene were found in G (50% = 1/2), GI (67% = 8/12), I (45% = 9/20) and N (0% = 0/10) regions with nuclear beta-catenin localization (GI versus N, P < 0.01; I versus N, P < 0.05). Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene mutations were demonstrated only in GI, I and N types, irrespective of beta-catenin localization. Molecular analysis of these genes revealed 10 tumours to be heterogeneous out of 16 informative cases (62.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intestinal phenotypic expression is accompanied by a shift from membranous to cytoplasmic/nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin. In contrast, N-type regions may progress along a different pathway.
authors.affiliation: Division of Oncological Pathology, Aichi Cancer Centre Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ogasawara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsukamoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizoshita
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inada
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takenaka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Joh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tatematsu
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D025601:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D025601:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D051176:beta Catenin