Blood pressure and its influencing factors in a national representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents: the CASPIAN Study.
BACKGROUND
This study was performed to determine the blood pressure (BP) percentile curves by height, as well as to assess the prevalence of high BP and its influencing factors among children in the first national survey in this field in Iran.


METHODS
A multicentre national cross-sectional survey.


METHODS
This study was performed in 23 provinces among a representative sample of 21,111 students aged 6-18 years.


RESULTS
Age and sex-specific percentile curves of systolic and diastolic BP were obtained by height. A comparison of the values obtained corresponding to the 90th percentiles with the Second Task Force cut-offs showed that the BP values and trends were relatively similar in both studies. The overall prevalence of systolic, diastolic as well as systolic or diastolic hypertension according to the Second Task Force study 95th percentile cut-off points were 4.2, 5.4 and 7.7%, respectively, without a significant sex difference. A history of low birthweight, overweight, taller height, the consumption of solid hydrogenated fat, as well as the frequency of fast food consumption increased the risk of both systolic and diastolic hypertension. Male sex, large waist, and low education of the mother were the risks for systolic hypertension, whereas the risk of diastolic hypertension rose with living in an urban area, attending public school, low physical activity level, having a housewife mother, and a positive family history of obesity, especially in the parents.


CONCLUSIONS
Considering the effect of modifiable environmental factors on the childrens' BP, encouraging breast feeding and a healthy lifestyle may have an important effect on public health.
Kelishadi
Roya
R
Department of Preventive Pediatric Cardiology, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Centre (WHO Collaborating Centre in Eastern Mediterranean Region), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. kroya@aap.net
Ardalan
Gelayol
G
Gheiratmand
Riaz
R
Majdzadeh
Reza
R
Delavari
Alireza
A
Heshmat
Ramin
R
Gouya
Mohammad Mehdi
MM
Razaghi
Emran Mohammad
EM
Motaghian
Molouk
M
Mokhtari
Mohammad Reza
MR
Barekati
Hamed
H
Arabi
Minoo Sadat Mahmoud
MS
D000293:Adolescent; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D001827:Body Height; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003971:Diastole; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D015995:Prevalence; D012015:Reference Standards; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013334:Students; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013599:Systole