title: Morphometry and digital AgNOR analysis in cytological imprints of benign, borderline and malignant serous ovarian tumours.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to determine values of a quantitative morphometry analysis of nuclear characteristics and argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in differential cytodiagnosis of benign, atypically proliferating (borderline) and malignant serous ovarian tumours.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cytological imprints of benign (n = 20), borderline (n = 19) and malignant (n = 20) ovarian serous tumours were analysed. A computerized, digital analysis was used to determine morphometric nuclear features, the number and characteristics of single AgNORs, cluster AgNORs, total AgNOR and AgNOR area/nucleus (relative area) ratio. According to their size AgNORs were classified in three categories. A one-way variance analysis and post hoc test (Scheffé) were used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The morphometric nuclear analysis showed that benign, borderline and malignant serous ovarian tumours are statistically different (P < 0.001) according to the area and outline, the values being highest in malignant tumours and lowest in the borderline group. Digital analysis of AgNORs in benign, borderline and malignant groups showed that the total AgNOR number increases with progression of the lesion (meaning tumour malignancy) significantly (P < 0.001) between benign and malignant as well as between borderline and malignant serous ovarian tumours (P < 0.001). The progression of the lesion malignancy was accompanied by a significant (P < 0.001) progressive increase of the total and relative AgNOR area per nucleus. The AgNOR size increases from benign to malignant tumours and a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) was observed in all three groups regarding small and large AgNORs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combining different markers of morphometric nuclear characteristics and AgNOR values could improve differential cytodiagnosis of benign, borderline and malignant serous ovarian tumours.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecological Cytology, University Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Center Rijeka, Croatia. snjezana.stemberger@ri.t-com.hr
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stemberger-Papić
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stanković
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vrdoljak-Mozetic
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Versa-Ostojić
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krasević
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stifter
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Audy-Jurković
mesh_terms: D018284:Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous / Q000473:pathology*; D018293:Cystadenoma, Serous / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D009697:Nucleolus Organizer Region / Q000473:pathology*; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D016622:Silver Staining / Q000379:methods*