title: Crosslinked hydrogels for tympanic membrane repair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide a less expensive and more convenient protocol for the treatment of tympanic membrane perforations (TMPs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Several materials were prepared and compared for TMP repair including Carbylan-SX, Gelatin-DTPH-PEGDA (GX), Carbylan-S/Gelatin-DTPH (Carbylan-GSX) (injectable and sponge), Gelfoam, Epifilm, and crosslinked thiolated chondroitin sulfate (CS-DTPH-PEGDA [CS-SX]). Hartley pigmented guinea pigs (Elm Hill) underwent bilateral myringotomy with 1 ear left as a control and the other treated with one of the previously mentioned materials.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Carbylan-GSX (injectable and sponge), Gelfoam with saline, and CS-SX had the shortest time for TMP closure. Epifilm, Carbylan, and gelatin preparations resulted in closure rates similar to controls. CS-SX showed a marked inflammatory reaction compared with controls and other materials based on neutrophil, lymphocyte, epitheloid counts, and degree of fibrosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows the validity of Carbylan-GSX compared with Gelfoam as a material to promote TMP closure in an acute TMP guinea pig model.
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA. pcapark@ihc.com
authors.forename: Albert H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Casey W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Adrienne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McGill
authors.forename: Sara Ellis
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Simonsen
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Alder
authors.forename: Xiao Zheng
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.forename: Glenn D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Prestwich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000737:chemistry; D005780:Gelatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005781:Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018058:Tympanic Membrane Perforation / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: C509315:HA-DTPH-PEGDA; D020100:Hydrogels; C513409:carbylan-GSX; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D005780:Gelatin; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates