title: A cryptic taxon of Galápagos tortoise in conservation peril.
abstract: As once boldly stated, 'bad taxonomy can kill', highlighting the critical importance of accurate taxonomy for the conservation of endangered taxa. The concept continues to evolve almost 15 years later largely because most legal protections aimed at preserving biological diversity are based on formal taxonomic designations. In this paper we report unrecognized genetic divisions within the giant tortoises of the Galápagos. We found three distinct lineages among populations formerly considered a single taxon on the most populous and accessible island of Santa Cruz; their diagnosability, degree of genetic divergence and phylogenetic placement merit the recognition of at least one new taxon. These results demonstrate the fundamental importance of continuing taxonomic investigations to recognize biological diversity and designate units of conservation, even within long-studied organisms such as Galápagos tortoises, whose evolutionary heritage and contribution to human intellectual history warrant them special attention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. michael.russello@yale.edu
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Russello
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Glaberman
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gibbs
authors.forename: Cruz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marquez
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: Adalgisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caccone
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D053476:Extinction, Biological; D005819:Genetic Markers; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000502:physiology*; D005828:Genetics, Population; D010802:Phylogeny; D013045:Species Specificity; D014426:Turtles / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D004247:DNA