title: Monopolar radiofrequency treatment of human eyelids: a prospective, multicenter, efficacy trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of a novel 0.25 cm(2) monopolar radiofrequency (RF) treatment tip for aesthetic rejuvenation of the eyelids.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, multicenter trial in which the eyelids of 72 patients were treated. Patients underwent a single treatment session and were then followed on a serial basis for 6 months. Cutaneous anesthesia was not required to perform the treatments. Assessments were made by the treating physician, the subjects, and by masked physician observers evaluating photographs taken at each data point.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Upper eyelid tightening and reduction of hooding was noted in 88 and 86% of subjects, respectively. Lower eyelid tightening was noted in 71-74% of subjects. The majority of patients treated achieved at least up to 25% improvement while a smaller percentage achieved more dramatic results. There was no correlation between the amount of energy applied to the eyelids and the clinical outcome. There were no serious adverse sequelae.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Human eyelids can be safely treated with monopolar RF energy delivered via a novel 0.25 cm(2) treatment tip. Using this technology non-invasive eyelid rejuvenation was achieved in the majority of subjects treated. The factors differentiating those patients who achieve the most impressive changes from others remain unclear. Further development and testing of this technology is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology, Dermatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. bbies62@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Brian S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Biesman
authors.forename: Sterling S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carruthers
authors.forename: Hector Leal
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Erin L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Holloman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000078702:Radiofrequency Therapy; D012060:Rejuvenation; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome