title: Homologous subunits of 1,3-beta-glucan synthase are important for spore wall assembly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
abstract: During sporulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the four haploid nuclei are encapsulated within multilayered spore walls. Glucan, the major constituent of the spore wall, is synthesized by 1,3-beta-glucan synthase, which is composed of a putative catalytic subunit encoded by FKS1 and FKS2. Although another homolog, encoded by FKS3, was identified by homology searching, its function is unknown. In this report, we show that FKS2 and FKS3 are required for spore wall assembly. The ascospores of fks2 and fks3 mutants were enveloped by an abnormal spore wall with reduced resistance to diethyl ether, elevated temperatures, and ethanol. However, deletion of the FKS1 gene did not result in a defective spore wall. The construction of fusion genes that expressed Fks1p and Fks2p under the control of the FKS2 promoter revealed that asci transformed with FKS2p-driven Fks1p and Fks2p were resistant to elevated temperatures, which suggests that the expression of FKS2 plays an important role in spore wall assembly. The expression of FKS1p-driven Fks3p during vegetative growth did not affect 1,3-beta-glucan synthase activity in vitro but effectively suppressed the growth defect of the temperature-sensitive fks1 mutant by stabilizing Rho1p, which is a regulatory subunit of glucan synthase. Based on these results, we propose that FKS2 encodes the primary 1,3-beta-glucan synthase in sporulation and that FKS3 is required for normal spore wall formation because it affects the upstream regulation of 1,3-beta-glucan synthase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bldg. FSB-101, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba Prefecture 277-8562, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: Aiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nogami
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beauvais
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Latge
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohya
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism*; D054714:Echinocandins; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D005964:Glucosyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron; D010957:Plasmids; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000378:metabolism; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D054714:Echinocandins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D047071:beta-Glucans; D005964:Glucosyltransferases; C020570:1,3-beta-glucan synthase; C091618:FKS1 protein, S cerevisiae; C095724:GSC2 protein, S cerevisiae; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins