title: Evaluation of vitamin A supplementation regimens in Ghanaian postpartum mothers with the use of the modified-relative-dose-response test.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vitamin A deficiency is an important public health problem in many developing countries. Women of childbearing age and children are documented as the most affected groups.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to determine the length of time mothers are protected postpartum against vitamin A depletion after receiving either 400,000 IU vitamin A in 2 divided doses or 200,000 IU as a single dose plus a placebo 24 h apart.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mothers (n = 168) were recruited by trained fieldworkers 7-10 d after delivery. Modified-relative-dose-response (MRDR) tests were performed at baseline in 167 women, and vitamin A was administered within 6 wk after delivery. The women were randomly assigned to 2 main treatment groups, and each treatment group was divided into 3 follow-up subgroups. Each subgroup was invited back once at month 1, 3, or 5 for a second MRDR test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The serum retinol concentration and the MRDR value were 1.4 +/- 0.5 micromol/L and 0.048 +/- 0.037, respectively, at baseline. A significant improvement in vitamin A status occurred after vitamin A treatment as assessed by the MRDR test (P < 0.0001). Serum retinol concentrations were not different after vitamin A treatment (P = 0.87).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mothers had marginally depleted liver reserves of vitamin A at baseline on the basis of MRDR test results. Liver reserves of vitamin A significantly improved in both treatment groups, and the improvement was maintained for >or= 5 mo.
authors.affiliation: Kintampo Health Research Centre, Health Research Unit, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana.
authors.forename: Samuel K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Tchum
authors.forename: Sherry A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Tanumihardjo
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: de Benoist
authors.forename: Seth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Owusu-Agyei
authors.forename: Fareed K N
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Arthur
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tetteh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005869:Ghana; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D017533:Marital Status; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010298:Parity; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000097:blood; D011247:Pregnancy; D013997:Time Factors; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D014801:Vitamin A