title: Eating dysfunction associated with oromandibular dystonia: clinical characteristics and treatment considerations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In oromandibular dystonia (OMD) abnormal repetitive contractions of masticatory, facial, and lingual muscles as well as the presence of orobuccolingual (OBL) dyskinesias may interfere with the appropriate performance of tasks such as chewing and swallowing leading to significant dysphagia and weight loss. We present here the clinical characteristics and treatment variables of a series of patients that developed an OMD-associated eating dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a series of patients diagnosed and followed-up at the Movement Disorders Clinic of the Department of Neurology of University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine over a 10-year period. Patients were treated with botulinum toxin injections according to standard methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five out of 32 (15.6%) OMD patients experienced symptoms of eating dysfunction associated with OMD. Significant weight loss was reported in 3/5 patients (ranged for 13-15 lbs). Two patients regained the lost weight after treatment and one was lost to follow-up. Tetrabenazine in combination with other antidystonic medication and/or botulinum toxin injections provided substantial benefit to the patients with dysphagia caused by OMD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dystonic eating dysfunction may occasionally complicate OMD leading to weight loss. Its adequate characterization at the time of history taking and clinical examination should be part of outcome measurements of the anti-dystonic treatment in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA. spapapetropoulos@med.miami.edu
authors.forename: Spiridon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Papapetropoulos
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Singer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020821:Dystonic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D008336:Mandibular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008409:Mastication; D008875:Middle Aged; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A