title: [Security evaluation of bupivacaine, ropivacaine combined with fentanyl in postoperative continuous epidural analgesia].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects, side-effects and security of bupivacaine, ropivacaine combined with fentanyl in postoperative continuous epidural analgesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1 600 postoperative continuous epidural analgesia patients receiving different agents in SICU were divided into two groups: 0.1% bupivacaine +5 microg/ml fentanyl group (group B, n = 920) and 0.2% ropivacaine +2 microg/ml fentanyl group (group R, n = 680). The effects (visual analog-scale score and content to analgesia), side effects were analyzed retrospectively in the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with group B, patients in group R had higher analgesia contentment (P < 0.05), but no difference in visual analog-scale score was found in the two groups. The incidences of urinary retention, nausea and vomiting, skin itching in group B were significantly higher than those in group R (P < 0.05). In each group, patients over sixty had higher ratio of hypotension than those under sixty (P < 0.05); The female patients had a higher incidence of nausea and vomiting than male patients (P < 0.05); The incidence of debility and numbness of lower limbs in patients with lumbar segments epidural analgesia was higher than those with thoracic analgesia (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  0.1% bupivacaine +5 microg/ml fentanyl and 0.2% ropivacaine +2 microg/ml fentanyl can provide adequate pain relief in postoperative continuous epidural analgesia, and 0.2% ropivacaine +2 microg/ml fentanyl comes with less side effects. The incidence of complication is related with analgesics, age, gender and the position of epidural puncture.
authors.affiliation: Department of SICU, Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical College, Kunming 650101, China. kmcwangxh@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Xiao-hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Qing-qing
authors.initials: QQ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Mei-xian
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Lin-jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Hai-qiong
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000577:Amides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000077212:Ropivacaine
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D005283:Fentanyl; D002045:Bupivacaine