title: A prospective study of the impact of opening a casino on gambling behaviours: 2- and 4-year follow-ups.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is widely believed that the rate of pathological gambling is related to the accessibility and availability of gambling activities. Few empirical studies have yet been conducted to evaluate this hypothesis. Using a longitudinal prospective design, the current study evaluates the impact of a casino in Canada's Hull, Quebec region.
  
  
  METHODS
  A random sample of respondents from Hull (experimental group) and from Quebec City (comparison group) completed the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) and gambling- related questions before the opening of the Hull Casino (pretest), 1 year after the opening (posttest), and on follow-up at Years 2 and 4.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although, 1 year after the opening of the casino, we did observe an increase in playing casino games and in the maximum amount of money lost in 1 day's gambling, this trend was not maintained over time (2- and 4-year follow-ups). In the Hull cohort, the rate of at-risk and probable pathological gamblers and the number of criteria on the SOGS did not increase at the 2- and 4-year follow-ups. The residents' reluctance to open a local casino was generally stable over time following the casino's opening.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The discussion raises different explanatory factors and focuses on the context of the Regional Exposure Model as a potentially more applicable measure of studying the expansion of gambling.
authors.affiliation: Ecole de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jacques
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ladouceur
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D007174:Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005715:Gambling / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012922:Social Change; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors