title: The development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Trypanosoma vivax antibodies and its use in epidemiological surveys.
abstract: There are data indicating that the distribution of Trypanosoma vivax in the Brazilian territory is expanding with potential to reach other areas, where the vectors are present. The detection of anti-trypanosomal antibodies in serum provides important information of the trypanosomal status in cattle herds. For this reason, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Tv-ELISA-Ab) with crude antigen from one Brazilian isolate of T. vivax was developed and evaluated. The sensitivity and specificity were respectively 97.6 and 96.9%. In the evaluation of cross-reactions, three calves inoculated with T. evansi trypimastigotes blood forms showed optical densities (OD) under the cut-off during the whole experimental period, except one at 45 days post-inoculation. With relation to Babesia bovis, B. bigemina, and Anaplasma marginale, which are endemic hemoparasites in the studied area, the cross-reactions were shown to be 5.7, 5.3, and 1.1%, respectively. The first serological survey of Pantanal and state of Pará showed that T. vivax is widespread, although regions within both areas had significantly different prevalences. Therefore, this Tv-ELISA-Ab may be a more appropriate test for epidemiological studies in developing countries because the diagnostic laboratories in most countries may be able to perform an ELISA, which is not true for polymerase chain reaction.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Hemoparasitologia, Embrapa Gado de Corte, 79002-970 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. madruga@cnpgc.embrapa.br
authors.forename: Claudio R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Madruga
authors.forename: Flábio R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cavalcante-Goes
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Ingá B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Pfeifer
authors.forename: Laura R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Raul H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.forename: Cleber O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Midori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miguita
authors.forename: Elaine P S
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.forename: Robson F C
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Manoel M S C
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood*; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000276:immunology; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002417:Cattle; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D016689:Trypanosoma vivax / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014354:Trypanosomiasis, Bovine / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan