title: Mechanistic basis for therapeutic targeting of the mitochondrial F1F0-ATPase.
abstract: Altered cellular bioenergetics are implicated in many disease processes, and modulating the F 1 F o -ATPase, the enzyme responsible for producing the majority of ATP in eukaryotic cells, has been proposed to have therapeutic utility. Bz-423 is a 1,4-benzodiazepine that binds to the oligomycin sensitivity-conferring protein subunit of the mitochondrial F 1 F o -ATPase and inhibits the enzyme. In response to Bz-423, cells moderately decrease ATP synthesis and significantly increase superoxide, resulting in redox-regulated apoptosis. Administering Bz-423 to autoimmune mice leads to apoptosis of pathogenic cells and potent attenuation of disease progression. To determine if a mechanism of action distinguishes Bz-423 from toxic F 1 F o -ATPase inhibitors like oligomycin, we studied how both compounds inhibit the enzyme. Oligomycin is a high-affinity mixed inhibitor, displaying time-dependent inhibition, resulting in severe depletion of ATP. In contrast, Bz-423 is an allosteric inhibitor with lower affinity that rapidly dissociates from the enzyme. Our data support a model in which the interplay of these features underlies the favorable properties of Bz-423. They also represent key criteria for the development of therapeutic F 1 F o -ATPase inhibitors, which should have utility across a range of areas.
authors.forename: Kathryn M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cleary
authors.forename: Carol A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Fierke
authors.forename: Anthony W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Opipari
authors.forename: Gary D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Glick
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D025261:Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009840:Oligomycins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009840:Oligomycins; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D025261:Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases; C468549:Bz-423