title: Effect of lipid-hydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress on vitamin E, ascorbate and glutathione in the rabbit retina.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is possible that oxidative stress causes several retinal diseases. However, the natural biogenic role of antioxidants in the retina is not clear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigates the change in concentration of vitamin E (VE), ascorbate and glutathione (GSH) in the retina following vitreous injection of 600 mug 18:2 linoleic acid hydroperoxide (LHP) in male New Zealand rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  LHP was injected above the retinal surface. The animals were sacrificed and the eyes enucleated before LHP injection, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 h and 4 and 7 days after LHP injection. Retinas were removed, VE and ascorbate measured by HPLC, and GSH determined by a fluorometric method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentration of VE in the retina decreased from pretreatment levels of 154.6 +/- 29.7 nmol/g wet weight (n = 7) and was lowest at 6 h (61.1 +/- 18.1 nmol/g wet weight, n = 4, p < 0.05), then increased gradually, returning slowly to pre-LHP levels by 7 days. The concentration of ascorbate in control retinas decreased at 6 h from pretreatment levels of 7.33 +/- 0.93 micromol/g wet weight (n = 7) to 2.74 +/- 0.16 micromol/g wet weight (n = 4, p < 0.05) and returned to pretreatment levels rapidly by 24 h after injection. The concentration of GSH in retinas decreased from baseline levels of 109.53 +/- 8.19 microg/g wet weight (n = 9), was lowest at 12 h (72.40 +/- 11.17 microg/g wet weight, n = 5, p < 0.05) and returned to pretreatment levels by 7 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that intravitreous LHP injection is a contributor to oxidative stress in the rabbit retina by causing a reduction in antioxidant capacity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Maki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamegawa
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakanishi-Ueda
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwai
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Shotaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kosuge
authors.forename: Hirotsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogura
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sasuga
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inagaki
authors.forename: Masanobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Katsuji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oguchi
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yasuhara
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: Ryohei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koide
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D007267:Injections; D008041:Linoleic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011817:Rabbits; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008041:Linoleic Acids; D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D014810:Vitamin E; C008285:linoleic acid hydroperoxide; D005978:Glutathione; D001205:Ascorbic Acid