title: Tracheobronchial stenosis: role of virtual endoscopy in diagnosis and follow-up after therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was done to evaluate whether virtual endoscopy can be employed as a preliminary technique to shorten the time required for the subsequent endoscopic procedure and be proposed for treatment planning and, postoperatively, for evaluating response to treatment in patients with cancer or severe stenotic lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  From December 2004 to October 2005, 25 patients with suspected obstructive tracheobronchial stenosis were studied by contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) with multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) and virtual bronchoscopic navigation, after a preliminary clinical and conventional radiology assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Quality of the virtual endoscopy images was excellent in all cases. Out of the 25 patients, four were affected by benign lesions and 21 by malignant lesions. With regard to lesion site, virtual endoscopy proved to be as informative as real endoscopy. The virtual endoscope was able to cross severe stenoses with a residual lumen of 3 mm. Follow-up studies were performed in 15 patients treated with laser and cryotherapy. In all cases, evaluation of the degree of post-treatment stenosis was similar to that obtained with conventional endoscopy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study indicates that virtual bronchoscopy has a high diagnostic potential. The technique, with the integration of MPR images, can be proposed as a preliminary study to obtain accurate characterisation of stenoses, to shorten the time required for the subsequent endoscopic procedure and to plan the most appropriate treatment.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento Integrato dei Servizi Diagnostici e per Immagini, Struttura complessa di Radiologia II, Azienda Policlinico, Via del Pozzo 71, I-41100, Modena, Italy. amorico09@libero.it
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Amorico
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Drago
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vetruccio
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bollino
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pizzuti
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gallo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001982:Bronchial Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D017679:Cryotherapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012107:Research Design; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014135:Tracheal Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D014584:User-Computer Interface