title: Effect of early childhood adversity on child health.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of child abuse and other household dysfunction on child health outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect collected through interviews and questionnaires administered when target children were 4 years old and 6 years old.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children in the South, East, Midwest, Northwest, and Southwest United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  One thousand forty-one children at high risk for child abuse and neglect (3 cohorts derived primarily from among children recruited through social service mechanisms, 1 cohort recruited at birth from among high-risk infants, and 1 cohort recruited from a medical setting).
  
  
  METHODS
  (1) Association of 7 adverse exposures (3 categories of child abuse [physical abuse, sexual abuse, and psychological maltreatment] and 4 categories of household dysfunction [caregiver problem drinking, caregiver depression, caregiver treated violently, and criminal behavior in the household]) derived from data collected when the child was 4 years old. (2) Indexes of child physical health at age 6 years (caregiver overall assessment of child health and reports of illness requiring medical attention).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two thirds of the sample had experienced at least 1 adverse exposure. One adverse exposure almost doubled the risk of overall poor health (odds ratio, 1.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-3.48), and 4 adverse exposures or more almost tripled the risk of illness requiring medical attention (odds ratio, 2.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-7.31).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adverse environmental exposures, including child abuse and other household dysfunction, are associated with poor child health even at an early age, although our data do not support a dose-response relationship.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL 60614, USA. e-flaherty@northwestern.edu
authors.forename: Emalee G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Flaherty
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Alan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Litrownik
authors.forename: Adrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Theodore
authors.forename: Diana J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: English
authors.forename: Maureen M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Traci
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wike
authors.forename: Lakecia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Whimper
authors.forename: Desmond K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Runyan
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dubowitz
mesh_terms: D000437:Alcoholism; D017028:Caregivers; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003863:Depression; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D013179:Spouse Abuse; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States