title: Feasibility assessment of cerebrospinal fluid from HIV-1-infected children for HIV proviral DNA and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 alleles.
abstract: The objective of the study was to assess the feasibility of measuring human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) proviral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and associated single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) in pediatric cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The importance of HIV DNA and MCP1 SNP has been suggested to be independently important in progression to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and neurocognitive impairment in adults. In children, measuring both factors in the CSF may help us understand the neuropathogenic process leading to HIV-1-associated encephalopathy (HAE). Repository specimens from 27 perinatally HIV-1-infected children with HAE were assessed for HIV DNA copy by real-time polymerase chain reaction and compared with MCP1 2578G SNP mutations measured by digesting amplified 361 bp fragments. When compared with MCP1 2578G SNP, a significant number with the mutation had high HIV DNA compared with those with wild type (p < .01), with no levels detected in HIV-1-seronegative control specimens. There were six CSF specimens with enough supernatant to measure MCP1 levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which showed high levels in those with the MCP1 2578G mutation. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that CSF HIV DNA and MCP1 SNP can be measured and could be potential tools in future clinical studies to understand the pathogenesis of pediatric HAE.
authors.affiliation: Hawaii AIDS Clinical Research Program, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI. bshirami@hawaii.edu
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shiramizu
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Alyson
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tamamoto
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Uniatowski
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Troelstrup
mesh_terms: D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology*; D000483:Alleles; D001483:Base Sequence; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000235:genetics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011533:Proviruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D004279:DNA, Viral