title: Anti-Stokes Raman spectrometry with 1064-nm excitation: an effective instrumental approach for field detection of explosives.
abstract: Anti-Stokes Raman spectra of 28 explosive materials were obtained with 1064-nm excitation using fiber-optic sampling and a dispersive spectrograph equipped with a charge-coupled device (CCD) array detector. By using a silicon CCD detector, anti-Stokes features could clearly be observed for the majority of samples from -250 to -1650 cm(-1). Using the fiber-optic probe, spectra were routinely obtained from samples positioned up to twelve meters from the spectrograph within 240 s. The utility of an anti-Stokes correction routine is demonstrated, which routine allowed anti-Stokes spectra measured with 1064-nm excitation to be successfully searched and identified against libraries of Stokes spectra obtained using a Fourier transform (FT) Raman system equipped with a 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, USA.
authors.forename: Mary L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Ian R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Griffiths