title: KCNE2 is colocalized with KCNQ1 and KCNE1 in cardiac myocytes and may function as a negative modulator of I(Ks) current amplitude in the heart.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In heterologous expression systems, KCNE1 and KCNE2 each can associate with KCNQ1 and exert apparently opposite effects on its channel function. KCNQ1 and KCNE1 associate to form the slow delayed rectifier I(Ks) channels in the heart. Whether KCNE2 plays any role in I(Ks) function is not clear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to study whether KCNE2 can associate with KCNQ1 in the presence of KCNE1 and modulate its function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Voltage clamp methods were used to study channel function in cardiomyocytes and in oocytes or COS-7 cells and immunocytochemistry/coimmunoprecipitation was used to study protein colocalization/association.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adult rat ventricular myocytes express functional I(Ks), and KCNE2 is colocalized with KCNQ1 and KCNE1 at surface membrane and t-tubules. A detailed study of KCNQ1 modulation by KCNE2 at different KCNE2 expression levels reveals that, surprisingly, KCNE2 and KCNE1 share the major features in modulating KCNQ1 gating kinetics: slowing of activation, positive shift in the voltage range of activation, and suppression of inactivation. However, KCNE2 reduces KCNQ1 current amplitude whereas KCNE1 increases it, and KCNE2 induces a constitutively active KCNQ1 component whereas KCNE1 does not. Coimmunoprecipitation suggests that KCNQ1, KCNE1, and KCNE2 can form a tripartite complex, indicating that KCNE2 can bind to KCNQ1 in the presence of KCNE1. Coexpressing KCNE2 with KCNQ1 and KCNE1 leads to a decrease in the I(Ks) current amplitude without altering the gating kinetics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that KCNE2 is in close proximity to KCNQ1 and KCNE1 in cardiomyocytes and may participate in dynamic regulation of I(Ks) current amplitude in the heart.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA.
authors.forename: Dong-Mei
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xian-Sheng
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yuliya V
authors.initials: YV
authors.lastname: Korolkova
authors.forename: Gea-Ny
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Tseng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D002839:Chromans / Q000494:pharmacology; D051668:Delayed Rectifier Potassium Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D015640:Ion Channel Gating / Q000187:drug effects; D051657:KCNQ1 Potassium Channel / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D008845:Microinjections; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009865:Oocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D012107:Research Design; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D014162:Transfection; D014981:Xenopus
chemical_list: D002839:Chromans; D051668:Delayed Rectifier Potassium Channels; C420023:HMR 1556; C489622:KCNE1 protein, human; C489619:KCNE2 protein, human; C489621:KCNE2 protein, rat; D051657:KCNQ1 Potassium Channel; C484268:Kcne1 protein, rat; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; D013449:Sulfonamides