title: Mechanisms of noise-induced hearing loss indicate multiple methods of prevention.
abstract: Recent research has shown the essential role of reduced blood flow and free radical formation in the cochlea in noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). The amount, distribution, and time course of free radical formation have been defined, including a clinically significant late formation 7-10 days following noise exposure, and one mechanism underlying noise-induced reduction in cochlear blood flow has finally been identified. These new insights have led to the formulation of new hypotheses regarding the molecular mechanisms of NIHL; and, from these, we have identified interventions that prevent NIHL, even with treatment onset delayed up to 3 days post-noise. It is essential to now assess the additive effects of agents intervening at different points in the cell death pathway to optimize treatment efficacy. Finding safe and effective interventions that attenuate NIHL will provide a compelling scientific rationale to justify human trials to eliminate this single major cause of acquired hearing loss.
authors.affiliation: Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, 1301 East Ann Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0506, USA. colleeng@umich.edu
authors.forename: Colleen G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Le Prell
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Shujiro B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamasoba
authors.forename: Josef M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001309:Auditory Threshold; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death; D003051:Cochlea / Q000378:metabolism; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D006317:Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000502:physiology; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014664:Vasodilation
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005609:Free Radicals; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D003907:Dexamethasone; D002118:Calcium