title: Middle and inferior temporal gyrus gray matter volume abnormalities in first-episode schizophrenia: an MRI study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of schizophrenia reveal temporal lobe structural brain abnormalities in the superior temporal gyrus and the amygdala-hippocampal complex. However, the middle and inferior temporal gyri have received little investigation, especially in first-episode schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  High-spatial-resolution MRI was used to measure gray matter volume in the inferior, middle, and superior temporal gyri in 20 patients with first-episode schizophrenia, 20 patients with first-episode affective psychosis, and 23 healthy comparison subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gray matter volume in the middle temporal gyrus was smaller bilaterally in patients with first-episode schizophrenia than in comparison subjects and in patients with first-episode affective psychosis. Posterior gray matter volume in the inferior temporal gyrus was smaller bilaterally in both patient groups than in comparison subjects. Among the superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyri, the left posterior superior temporal gyrus gray matter in the schizophrenia group had the smallest volume, the greatest percentage difference, and the largest effect size in comparisons with healthy comparison subjects and with affective psychosis patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smaller gray matter volumes in the left and right middle temporal gyri and left posterior superior temporal gyrus were present in schizophrenia but not in affective psychosis at first hospitalization. In contrast, smaller bilateral posterior inferior temporal gyrus gray matter volume is present in both schizophrenia and affective psychosis at first hospitalization. These findings suggest that smaller gray matter volumes in the dorsal temporal lobe (superior and middle temporal gyri) may be specific to schizophrenia, whereas smaller posterior inferior temporal gyrus gray matter volumes may be related to pathology common to both schizophrenia and affective psychosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02301, USA.
authors.forename: Noriomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kuroki
authors.forename: Martha E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Shenton
authors.forename: Dean F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Salisbury
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirayasu
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Onitsuka
authors.forename: Hal
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ersner-Hershfield
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yurgelun-Todd
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kikinis
authors.forename: Ferenc A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Jolesz
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: McCarley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000341:Affective Disorders, Psychotic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D000679:Amygdala / Q000473:pathology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D010054:Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000473:pathology*