title: Systematic facial nerve monitoring in middle ear and mastoid surgeries: "surgical dehiscence" and "electrical dehiscence".
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate and systemize intraoperative facial nerve monitoring (IOFNM) in middle ear and mastoid surgeries.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  IOFNM was performed in 100 patients undergoing middle ear and mastoid surgeries. We checked "surgical dehiscence" under microscopes, and also estimated the minimal threshold of electric current needed to change the electromyography of facial muscles using Nerve Integrity Monitor (NIM)-2 (Xomed, Minneapolis, MN, USA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-three percent of cases showed "surgical dehiscence" and responded to electric stimulation of 0.7 mA or less. "Electrical dehiscence" (<or=0.7 mA) was presented in 73 (73.0%) cases, and 82.2% of these cases responded to 0.4 mA or less. The mean threshold of minimal electrical stimulation was 0.29 mA for tympanic segments and 0.41 mA for mastoid segments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We recommend an electrical stimulation of 0.7 mA for the first screening and 0.4 mA for the second exploration in order to define the facial nerve using intraoperative NIM-2 monitoring in middle ear and mastoid surgeries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea. yhc@ajou.ac.kr
authors.forename: Yun-Hoon
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Choung
authors.forename: Keehyun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Min Jung
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Pill-Hoon
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Choung
authors.forename: You Ree
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Hison
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kahng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018424:Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear / Q000601:surgery*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D020220:Facial Nerve Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008416:Mastoid / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013529:Surgical Wound Dehiscence / Q000517:prevention & control*