title: Histomorphometric features of hydatidiform moles in early pregnancy: relationship to detectability by ultrasound examination.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The majority of partial (PHM) and complete (CHM) hydatidiform moles are diagnosed in early pregnancy. About half are identified as molar on ultrasonographic examination prior to evacuation. It is uncertain whether unsuspected cases represent an intrinsically different molar phenotype or are simply dependant on sonographer expertise. We measured a microscopic parameter, average villus diameter, of evacuated PHMs and CHMs to ascertain the cause of non-detection on ultrasound.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four molar pregnancies were examined from the files of the Trophoblastic Disease Unit, in which results of an ultrasound examination prior to evacuation were known. In each, the average cross-sectional diameter of the largest 10 villi was recorded. Maximum villus diameters were compared between gestational age groups (<14 weeks and >or=14 weeks), and ultrasound detection groups (detected (d) and not detected (nd)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average maximum villus diameter of the largest hydropic villi was significantly less in the first trimester for both PHMs and CHMs that were undetected by ultrasound examination compared to those identified as molar sonographically (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference in the maximum villus diameter between PHMs and CHMs that were not detected sonographically in the first trimester (P=0.44). Beyond 14 weeks of gestation, there was no significant difference between PHMs detected and undetected sonographically (P=0.88).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The average diameter of the largest, most hydropic villi, is significantly greater in cases of PHMs and CHMs detected by ultrasound examination in the first trimester compared to that of those not detected sonographically, but beyond 14 weeks such differences are minimal. These findings suggest that, although sonographer expertise could potentially increase ultrasound detection rates somewhat for PHMs and CHMs, a significant proportion of cases demonstrate minimal hydropic change in the first trimester and are therefore likely to remain unidentifiable by ultrasound examination prior to evacuation, even with improved sonographer expertise.
authors.affiliation: Trophoblastic Disease Unit, Department of Cancer Medicine, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.affiliation: Trophoblastic Disease Unit, Department of Cancer Medicine, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lindsay
authors.affiliation: Trophoblastic Disease Unit, Department of Cancer Medicine, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Seckl
authors.affiliation: Trophoblastic Disease Unit, Department of Cancer Medicine, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Sebire
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D031901:Gestational Trophoblastic Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006828:Hydatidiform Mole / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011252:Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology