title: Women's mental health before, during, and after pregnancy: a population-based controlled cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Common mental health disorders like depressive and anxiety disorders are frequent in antenatal and postpartum women. However, no agreement about the prevalence of these disorders and the course of women's mental health during the transition to motherhood exists. This study compared women's mental health before, during, and after pregnancy with a control group of nonpregnant women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and twenty-four women were assessed before, during, and after their pregnancy with the 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). A control group of 324 women who did not deliver during 3 subsequent years was assessed with the GHQ-12 at corresponding time-points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences in GHQ-12 mean scores, prevalence, and incidence of common mental health disorders between the study and control groups were found. No differences in prevalence and incidence rates within each group were found. The presence of a common mental health disorder before pregnancy or in early pregnancy predicted common mental health disorders in the postpartum period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Common mental health disorders are frequent during pregnancy and the postpartum period, but pregnant or postpartum women are not more at risk than those who are not pregnant or who did not deliver.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Family and Sexuality Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Johan C H
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: van Bussel
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Spitz
authors.forename: Koen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Demyttenaere
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008429:Maternal Welfare; D008603:Mental Health; D011159:Population Surveillance; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000523:psychology*; D012307:Risk Factors