title: Why do patients want to have their blood tested? A qualitative study of patient expectations in general practice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  General practitioners often take their impression of patients' expectations into account in their decision to have blood tests done. It is commonly recommended to involve patients in decision-making during consultations. The study aimed to obtain detailed information on patients' expectations about blood tests.
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative study among patients in waiting rooms of general practices. Each patient was presented with a short questionnaire about their preferences in terms of diagnostics. Patients who would like blood tests to be done were interviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-seven (26%) of the 224 respondents wanted blood tests. Twenty-two were interviewed. Patients overestimated the qualities of blood tests. Favourable test results were regarded as proof of good health. Patients regarded blood tests as a useful instrument to screen for serious disorders, and were confirmed in this belief by people in their social environment and by the media. Many patients expected their GP to take an active test ordering approach, though some indicated that they might be convinced if their GP proposed a wait-and-see policy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GPs' perceptions about patient expectations seem justified: patients appear to have high hopes for testing as a diagnostic tool. They expect diagnostic certainty without mistakes and a proof of good health. The question is whether it would be desirable to remove patients' misconceptions, allowing them to participate in policy decisions on the basis of sound information, or whether it would be better to leave the misconceptions uncontested, in order to retain the 'magic' of additional tests and reassure patients. We expect that clarifying the precise nature of patients' expectations by the GP may be helpful in creating a diagnostic strategy that satisfies both patients and GPs. GPs will have to balance the benefits of reassuring their patients by means of blood tests which may be unnecessary against the benefits of avoiding unnecessary tests. Further research is needed into the effects of different types of patient information and the effects of testing on satisfaction and anxiety.
authors.affiliation: University of Maastricht, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Department of General Practice/Centre for Quality of Care Research, Maastricht, The Netherlands. loes.vanbokhoven@hag.unimaas.nl
authors.forename: Marloes A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: van Bokhoven
authors.forename: Marjolein C H
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Pleunis-van Empel
authors.forename: Hèlen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Richard P T M
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Grol
authors.forename: Geert-Jan
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Dinant
authors.forename: Trudy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: van der Weijden
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003657:Decision Making; D003954:Diagnostic Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005194:Family Practice / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006403:Hematologic Tests / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000523:psychology*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012424:Rural Population; D014505:Urban Population