title: A comparative study on the effect of algal and fish oil on viability and cell proliferation of Caco-2 cells.
abstract: Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) rich micro-algal oil was tested in vitro and compared with fish oil for antiproliferative properties on cancer cells in vitro. Oils derived from Crypthecodinium cohnii, Schizochytrium sp. and Nitzschia laevis, three commercial algal oil capsules, and menhaden fish oil were used in cell viability and proliferation tests with human colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells. With these tests no difference was found between algal oil and fish oil. The nonhydrolysed algal oils and fish oil showed a much lower toxic effect on cell viability, and cell proliferation in Caco-2 cells than the hydrolysed oils and the free fatty acids (FFAs). Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6n-3) were used as samples for comparison with the tested hydrolysed and nonhydrolysed oils. The hydrolysed samples showed comparative toxicity as the free fatty acids and no difference between algal and fish oil. Oxidative stress was shown to play a role in the antiproliferative properties of EPA and DHA, as alpha-tocopherol could partially reverse the EPA/DHA-induced effects. The results of the present study support a similar mode of action of algal oil and fish oil on cancer cells in vitro, in spite of their different PUFA content.
authors.affiliation: Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands. Vincent.vanBeelen@wur.nl <Vincent.vanBeelen@wur.nl>
authors.forename: Vincent A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: van Beelen
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roeleveld
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mooibroek
authors.forename: Lolke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sijtsma
authors.forename: Raoul J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Bino
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bosch
authors.forename: Ivonne M C M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Rietjens
authors.forename: Gerrit M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Alink
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000737:chemistry; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D005395:Fish Oils; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol