title: Current concepts in the management of Helicobacter pylori infection: the Maastricht III Consensus Report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Guidelines on the management of Helicobacter pylori, which cover indications for management and treatment strategies, were produced in 2000.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To update the guidelines at the European Helicobacter Study Group (EHSG) Third Maastricht Consensus Conference, with emphasis on the potential of H pylori eradication for the prevention of gastric cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eradication of H pylori infection is recommended in (a) patients with gastroduodenal diseases such as peptic ulcer disease and low grade gastric, mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma; (b) patients with atrophic gastritis; (c) first degree relatives of patients with gastric cancer; (d) patients with unexplained iron deficiency anaemia; and (e) patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Recurrent abdominal pain in children is not an indication for a "test and treat" strategy if other causes are excluded. Eradication of H pylori infection (a) does not cause gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) or exacerbate GORD, and (b) may prevent peptic ulcer in patients who are naïve users of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). H pylori eradication is less effective than proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment in preventing ulcer recurrence in long term NSAID users. In primary care a test and treat strategy using a non-invasive test is recommended in adult patients with persistent dyspepsia under the age of 45. The urea breath test, stool antigen tests, and serological kits with a high accuracy are non-invasive tests which should be used for the diagnosis of H pylori infection. Triple therapy using a PPI with clarithromycin and amoxicillin or metronidazole given twice daily remains the recommended first choice treatment. Bismuth-containing quadruple therapy, if available, is also a first choice treatment option. Rescue treatment should be based on antimicrobial susceptibility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The global burden of gastric cancer is considerable but varies geographically. Eradication of H pylori infection has the potential to reduce the risk of gastric cancer development.
authors.affiliation: Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie, Leipziger Strasse 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany. peter.malfertheiner@medizin.uni-magdeburg.de
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Malfertheiner
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Megraud
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: O'Morain
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bazzoli
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: El-Omar
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rokkas
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vakil
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kuipers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000382:microbiology; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000382:microbiology; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D018442:Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone / Q000382:microbiology; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents