title: A case series describing thermal injury resulting from zeolite use for hemorrhage control in combat operations.
abstract: Four cases are presented to illustrate cutaneous burns sustained with the use of zeolite in the treatment of major hemorrhage secondary to combat wounds. Zeolite, a microporous crystalline aluminosilicate granular hemostatic agent, can cause secondary thermal injuries through an exothermic reaction that is likely related to the absorption of free fluid at the hemorrhage site. Understanding of this process may help both military and civilian EMS personnel avoid or minimize secondary thermal injury while still benefiting from zeolite's hemostatic capabilities.
authors.affiliation: US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas 78234-6315, USA. john.mcmanus@amedd.army.mil
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McManus
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hurtado
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pusateri
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Knoop
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D002056:Burns / Q000209:etiology*; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014857:Warfare; D017641:Zeolites / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D017641:Zeolites