title: Intraurethral honey application for urethral injury: an experimental study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of honey applied intraurethrally after urethral injury on histopathological healing.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of Wistar male rats were used. The rats were divided into four groups: control (Group 1), sham (Group 2), 1 week honey applied group (Group 3) and 3 weeks honey applied group (Group 4). The urethral damage was caused with a 29 G needle. In sham group, only intraurethral saline solution was given, and 10% of honey was applied to rats in Groups 3 and 4 intraurethrally. After killing, penile tissues were investigated under a light microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The irregularities of urethral epithelium and connective tissue were observed in Group 1. Also narrowing of lumen was present in control group rats except one rat in which no inflammation and total healing were observed. Hyperemia-bleeding was found in whole rats. In Group 2, there were irregularities in urethral epithelium and connective tissue. Total healing was observed in one rat. In Group 3, while regularity in urethral epithelium was present in six rats, inflammation and fibrosis was absent in rats. In Group 4, inflammation and fibrous tissue accumulation were not observed in rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraurethral honey, applied after urethral injury, prevents inflammation, accelerates urethral healing and provides perfect healing.
authors.affiliation: Second Urology Clinic, Ministry of Health Ankara Training and Research Hospital, 11.Sokak 18/4 Bahçelievler, 06500, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ayyildiz
authors.forename: K Turgay
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Akgül
authors.forename: Ozden
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cebeci
authors.forename: Bariş
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nuhoğlu
authors.forename: Muzaffer
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caydere
authors.forename: Hüseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ustün
authors.forename: Cankon
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Germiyanoğlu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D006722:Honey; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014521:Urethra / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D014945:Wound Healing