title: Consumption of flavanol-rich cocoa acutely increases microcirculation in human skin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Long term cocoa ingestion leads to an increased resistance against UV-induced erythema and a lowered transepidermal water loss.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the acute effects of a single dose of cocoa rich in flavanols on dermal microcirculation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a crossover design study, 10 healthy women ingested a cocoa drink (100 ml) with high (329 mg) or low (27 mg) content of flavanols. The major flavanol monomer in both drinks was epicatechin, 61 mg in the high flavanol, and 6.6 mg in the low flavanol product per 100 ml. Dermal blood flow and oxygen saturation of hemoglobin were examined by laser Doppler flowmetry and spectroscopically at 1 mm skin depth at t = 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h. At the same time points, plasma levels of total epicatechin (free compound plus conjugates) were measured by means of HPLC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subsequent to the intake of high flavanol cocoa, dermal blood flow was significantly increased by 1.7-fold at t = 2 h and oxygen saturation was elevated 1.8-fold. No statistically significant changes were found upon intake of low flavanol cocoa. Maximum plasma levels of total epicatechin were observed 1 h after ingestion of the high flavanol cocoa drink, 11.6 +/- 7.4 nmol/l at baseline, and 62.9 +/- 35.8 nmol/l at 1 h. No change of total epicatechin was found in the low flavanol group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Flavanol-rich cocoa consumption acutely increases dermal blood flow and oxygen saturation.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie I, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, P.O. Box 101007, 40001 Dusseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Neukam
authors.forename: Wilhelm
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stahl
authors.forename: Hagen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tronnier
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sies
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Heinrich
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001628:Beverages; D002099:Cacao / Q000737:chemistry*; D002392:Catechin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry / Q000379:methods; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply*; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D002392:Catechin