title: Molecular epidemiology: HIV-1 and HCV sequences from Libyan outbreak.
abstract: In 1998, outbreaks of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection were reported in children attending Al-Fateh Hospital in Benghazi, Libya. Here we use molecular phylogenetic techniques to analyse new virus sequences from these outbreaks. We find that the HIV-1 and HCV strains were already circulating and prevalent in this hospital and its environs before the arrival in March 1998 of the foreign medical staff (five Bulgarian nurses and a Palestinian doctor) who stand accused of transmitting the HIV strain to the children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. tulio.deoliveira@zoo.ox.ac.uk
authors.forename: Tulio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Oliver G
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Pybus
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rambaut
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salemi
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cassol
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ciccozzi
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rezza
authors.forename: Guido Castelli
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Gattinara
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: D'Arrigo
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amicosante
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perrin
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Colizzi
authors.forename: Carlo Federico
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Perno
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D008002:Libya / Q000453:epidemiology; D009726:Nurses / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D010802:Phylogeny; D010820:Physicians / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D015203:Reproducibility of Results