title: Folate supplementation fails to affect vascular function and carotid artery intima media thickness in cyclosporin A-treated renal transplant recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cyclosporin A (CsA)-treated renal transplant recipients (RTR) exhibit relative hyperhomocystinemia and vascular dysfunction. Folate supplementation lowers homocysteine and has been shown to improve vascular function in healthy subjects and patients with coronary artery disease. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of 3 months of folate supplementation (5 mg/day) on vascular function and structure in RTR.
  
  
  METHODS
  A double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study was conducted in 10 CsA-treated RTR. Vascular structure was measured as carotid artery intima media thickness (IMT) and function was assessed as changes in brachial artery diameter during reactive hyperemia (RH) and in response to glyceryl trinitrate (GTN). Function data were analyzed as absolute and percent change from baseline and area under the diameter/time curve. Blood samples were collected before and after supplementation and analyzed for total plasma homocysteine, folate, vitamin B12 and asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA) in addition to regular measures of hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and serum creatinine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Folate supplementation significantly increased plasma folate by 687% (p < 0.005) and decreased homocysteine by 37% (p < 0.05) with no changes (p > 0.05) in vitamin B12 or ADMA. There were no significant (p > 0.05) changes in vascular structure or function during the placebo or the folate supplementation phases; IMT; placebo pre mean +/- SD, 0.52 +/- 0.12, post 0.50 +/- 0.11; folate pre 0.55 +/- 0.17, post 0.49 +/- 0.20 mm, 5% change in brachial artery diameter (RH, placebo pre 10 +/- 8, post 6 +/- 5; folate pre 9 +/- 7, post 7 +/- 5; GTN, placebo pre 18 +/- 10, post 17 +/- 9, folate pre 16 +/- 9, post-supplementation 18 +/- 8).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three months of folate supplementation decreases plasma homocysteine but has no effect on endothelial function or carotid artery IMT in RTR.
authors.affiliation: School of Human Movement Studies, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld, Australia.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Austen
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Fassett
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Geraghty
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Coombes
mesh_terms: D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D006710:Homocysteine; D016572:Cyclosporine; D005492:Folic Acid