title: The suitability of an in situ perfusion model for permeability determinations: utility for BCS class I biowaiver requests.
abstract: The FDA has published recommendations for sponsors who wish to request a waiver of in vivo bioavailability (BA) or bioequivalence (BE) studies for immediate release (IR) solid oral dosage forms based on the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS). Biowaivers can be requested for IR formulations in which the active ingredient is shown to be a BCS class I drug: that is, a drug showing high permeability and high solubility over a pH range of 1-7.5. For permeability determinations, a variety of experimental methods can be used, such as the rat in situ single pass perfusion or Caco-2 cell culture models, once the suitability of the particular method is established. Following the recommended procedure for assessing the suitability of permeability determinations, we determined the permeability of 20 test drugs using the in situ single pass perfusion model in rats. The test compounds were coperfused through jejunal intestinal segments with an internal permeability reference standard (metoprolol) over a 90 min time period. Sample analysis was performed by HPLC, and the ratio of the effective permeability, Peff (cm/s), of test compound to that of metoprolol was determined. To address the question of test drug permeabilities that approach that of the internal standard, we propose that a statistical analysis such as the "0.8-1.25 rule" used for in vivo or in vitro bioequivalence studies provide guidance for permeability classification using the in situ single pass perfusion model. We developed a method using the 90% confidence interval of the permeability ratio of the test to internal reference standard in order to differentiate between high and low permeability compounds. This analysis allowed for the proper permeability classification of all of the test compounds and suggests a robust means for assessing drug permeability classification.
authors.affiliation: TSRL, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, USA. jkim@tsrlinc.com
authors.forename: Jae-Seung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kijek
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsume
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hilfinger
authors.forename: Gordon L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Amidon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008790:Metoprolol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008954:Models, Biological; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010477:Perfusion / Q000379:methods*; D010539:Permeability; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000145:classification*; D010599:Pharmacokinetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012015:Reference Standards
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D008790:Metoprolol