title: Timing of surgery for primary exotropia in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare postoperative alignment and sensory functions in children with primary exotropia who were operated at an early age (< 7 years) with patients who were operated at an older age (> 7 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a consecutive retrospective cohort study, 112 patients who had a surgical intervention for primary exotropia between 1997 and 2003 were evaluated for postoperative results. After applying criteria for eligibility, the group of patients was divided into two groups: those who had surgical intervention before the age of seven years (n = 24) and those who had surgery after the age of seven years (n = 36). Age at surgery, preoperative alignment and sensory functions were correlated with the postoperative status. The follow-up was at least one year (1.0 year to 7 years; median: 2.3 and 3.5 years, respectively).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children who had surgery before the age of seven had significantly better alignment and sensory functions. The univariate logistic regression model confirmed a statistically significant association between motor outcome (exodeviation less than 10 prism-diopters) and age at the time of surgery (before or after the age of seven; p = 0.002). In the multivariate model, the association between age at time of surgery and motor outcome was even stronger. The number of reoperations in the group operated before the age of 7 years was significantly less than in the group operated after the age of seven (2 versus 12, p = 0.023).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The postoperative alignment and sensory functions in patients with primary exotropia who had surgical intervention before the age of seven years were, in this study, better than in patients who had surgery after the age of seven years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthoptics, Diaconessenhuis Meppel, Meppel, The Netherlands. w.asjes@home.nl
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Asjes-Tydeman
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Groenewoud
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: van der Wilt
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005099:Exotropia / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000601:surgery*; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015348:Vision, Binocular