title: Retinal vein occlusion and vascular mortality: pooled data analysis of 2 population-based cohorts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the association of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pooled data from 2 population-based cohort studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  At baseline, the Beaver Dam Eye Study (BDES) examined 4926 persons aged 43 to 86 years (from 1988-1990) and the Blue Mountains Eye Study (BMES) examined 3654 persons aged 49 to 97 years (from 1992 to 1994).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retinal vein occlusion was assessed from retinal photographs. Vascular deaths were determined using either death certificates (BDES) or the Australian National Death Index (BMES). Cox regression analysis was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Vascular (cardiovascular and cerebrovascular) mortality was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 8384 baseline participants, 96 (1.14%) had RVO at baseline (BDES, n = 38; BMES, n = 58). Over 12 years, 1312 (15.7%) died of cardiovascular-related conditions and 341 (4.1%) died of cerebrovascular-related conditions. Age-standardized vascular mortality rates were 26.0% and 5.3%, respectively, in persons with RVO and 17.1% and 4.5%, respectively, in those without RVO. After adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, glaucoma, and study site, RVO was not associated with cardiovascular-related mortality (HR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.8-1.8) or cerebrovascular-related mortality (HR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.4-2.1) among participants of all ages. However, in persons aged less than 70 years, baseline RVO was associated with higher cardiovascular mortality (combined BDES and BMES: HR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2-5.2; BDES: HR, 2.5; 95% CI, 0.9-6.9; BMES: HR, 2.1; 95% CI, 0.7-6.8).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retinal vein occlusion in persons aged 43 to 69 years may signal a doubling of the risk of cardiovascular mortality.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Sudha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cugati
authors.forename: Jie Jin
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Knudtson
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rochtchina
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Barbara E K
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Tien Yin
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mitchell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality*; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012170:Retinal Vein Occlusion / Q000150:complications*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology