title: Doppler echocardiography-derived evidence of pulmonary arterial hypertension in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease: 86 cases (2001-2005).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of Doppler echocardiography-derived evidence of pulmonary arterial hypertension (DEE-PAH) in dogs with mitral valve disease (MVD) classified according to the International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council (ISACHC) heart failure classification scheme and various echocardiographic and Doppler indices of MVD severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  617 dogs examined from 2001 to 2005 with MVD in ISACHC classes I to III.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs were examined echocardiographically. Criteria used for systolic and diastolic DEE-PAH were detection of high tricuspid (> or = 2.5 m/s) and telediastolic pulmonic (> or = 2.0 m/s) valvular peak regurgitant jet velocities, respectively, by use of continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  86 (13.9%) dogs with MVD had a diagnosis of DEE-PAH. Severity and prevalence of DEE-PAH increased with ISACHC class (3.0%, 16.9%, 26.7%, and 72.2% prevalences for ISACHC classes Ia, Ib, II, and III, respectively). A significant correlation between systolic or diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure and left atrial-to-aortic diameter ratio (LA/Ao) was detected. Doppler echocardiography-derived evidence of pulmonary arterial hypertension was detected in 18 dogs with values of LA/Ao within reference range, all of which had moderate (n = 2 dogs) or severe (16) mitral valve regurgitation on color Doppler imaging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence and degree of DEE-PAH were related to the severity of MVD. Changes associated with DEEPAH may be detected in early stages of the disease, but only in dogs with severe mitral valve regurgitation.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Cardiologie d'Alfort, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort Institution, 7 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France.
authors.forename: François J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Serres
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chetboul
authors.forename: Renaud
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tissier
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carlos Sampedrano
authors.forename: Vassiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gouni
authors.forename: Audrey P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Nicolle
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pouchelon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004285:Dogs; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary*; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D008943:Mitral Valve; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index