title: Development and progression of retinopathy after inpatient management of diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine factors that affect the development of retinopathy after short-term inpatient management of diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 143 patients with type 2 diabetes who were admitted for inpatient management of diabetes, and did not have retinopathy of the right eye at admission, and had an HbA1c level of > or =8.0%. We studied the characteristics of patients who developed retinopathy within one year after discharge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between the admission date and one year after discharge, twenty-six patients developed retinopathy and the retinopathy subsequently regressed in 5 patients. The 26 patients who developed retinopathy had a significantly longer duration of diabetes (p<0.005), had a higher fasting blood glucose level at admission (p=0.06), and received insulin therapy during the admission at a higher rate (p=0.06) than the 117 patients without retinopathy. The magnitude of the reduction in HbA1c level at 3 months after discharge was smaller in the 13 patients who developed retinopathy within 3 months after discharge than in the 130 patients who did not. Among the 26 patients who developed retinopathy, the HbA1c level at one year after discharge of the 5 patients whose retinopathy regressed was lower than that of the 21 patients whose retinopathy did not regress (p=0.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A long duration of diabetes, high fasting blood glucose level at admission, and treatment with insulin were associated with the development of retinopathy. Patients with these characteristics should undergo frequent fundus examinations after correction of hyperglycemia. The retinopathy was likely to improve if patients maintained strict glycemic control after discharge.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Satsuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Shinobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Haruko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishio
authors.forename: Harumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Terauchi
authors.forename: Hisahiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sekihara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007297:Inpatients; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020127:Recovery of Function; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin