title: Pain, demographics, and clinical characteristics in persons who received hospice care in the United States.
abstract: Pain in persons who receive hospice care is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to describe the demographics, clinical characteristics, and pain intensity of persons who received hospice care in the United States from 2000-2004. Data for this study were obtained from a provider of hospice pharmacy services and included information about the hospice organization, demographics and clinical characteristics, pain intensity, and opioid analgesic prescribing. Worst pain intensity during the previous 24 hours was assessed using a 0-10 numeric rating scale (0=none, 10=worst) periodically during hospice care. During the study period, 347,555 persons received hospice services; 55.2% of these persons were female, 87.4% were Caucasian, and mean age was 75.3 years. At least one pain score was available for 156,887 (45.1%) individuals. Among persons with at least one pain score, pain was reported a mean of 2.9 times per person. Overall, mean pain intensity was mild, but severe pain was reported at least once by 20.3% of persons. Of individuals who reported severe pain at least once, mean age was 68.9 years, 53.7% were female, 78.0% were Caucasian, 7.4% were cared for in long-term care hospices, and 73.9% had a primary diagnosis of cancer. Severe pain was reported at least once by a substantial percentage of persons in this study. These data provide insight into pain reported by persons who received hospice care, and may be useful as process indicators of the quality of care.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacy Practice, University of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy, Austin, Texas 78712, USA. scotts1@mail.utexas.edu
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Strassels
authors.forename: David K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Blough
authors.forename: Thomas K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Hazlet
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Veenstra
authors.forename: Sean D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D017051:Hospice Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D059408:Pain Management; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013727:Terminal Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology