title: Understanding the basics of cardiopulmonary exercise testing.
abstract: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing adds important additional information to that provided by the standard exercise test. In particular, cardiopulmonary exercise testing provides precise determination of aerobic capacity, the causes of dyspnea with exertion, and prognosis in patients with systolic heart failure. This review provides basic, practical information about cardiopulmonary exercise testing for the clinician.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Ochsner Medical Center, Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA. milani@ochsner.org
authors.forename: Richard V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Milani
authors.forename: Carl J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lavie
authors.forename: Mandeep R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Mehra
authors.forename: Hector O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Ventura
mesh_terms: D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005080:Exercise Test; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D011379:Prognosis; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange