title: Bipolar II disorder: current and future treatment options.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bipolar II (BPII) disorder is a significant public health problem in the United States, and there is a dearth of studies of effective treatment modalities to deal with the recurrent major depressive episodes that accompany the disorder. This review attempts to summarize available data on agents useful in treating patients with the disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  English language controlled clinical trials involving BPII patients obtained from an extensive Medline search were critically reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Agents that have potential utility in the treatment of BPII are profiled, based on their efficacy in bipolar I (BPI) or unipolar depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most efficacious agents are likely those with bimodal stabilizing properties, such as lithium, carbamazepine, and quetiapine. In fact, on the strength of favorable efficacy data obtained in patients with major depressive symptoms accompanying bipolar disorder, quetiapine recently became the first agent to be indicated by the FDA for monotherapeutic use in the treatment of bipolar depression, including BPII depression. Aside from the aforementioned agents, lamotrigine also shows promise in the treatment of BPII.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA. rselma01@louisville.edu
authors.forename: Rif
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: El-Mallakh
authors.forename: Richard H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Weisler
authors.forename: Mark H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.forename: Lawrence D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Ginsberg
mesh_terms: D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D018849:Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D018020:Lithium Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D018692:Antimanic Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D018020:Lithium Compounds