title: The SU(VAR)3-9/HP1 complex differentially regulates the compaction state and degree of underreplication of X chromosome pericentric heterochromatin in Drosophila melanogaster.
abstract: In polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster, regions of pericentric heterochromatin coalesce to form a compact chromocenter and are highly underreplicated. Focusing on study of X chromosome heterochromatin, we demonstrate that loss of either SU(VAR)3-9 histone methyltransferase activity or HP1 protein differentially affects the compaction of different pericentric regions. Using a set of inversions breaking X chromosome heterochromatin in the background of the Su(var)3-9 mutations, we show that distal heterochromatin (blocks h26-h29) is the only one within the chromocenter to form a big "puff"-like structure. The "puffed" heterochromatin has not only unique morphology but also very special protein composition as well: (i) it does not bind proteins specific for active chromatin and should therefore be referred to as a pseudopuff and (ii) it strongly associates with heterochromatin-specific proteins SU(VAR)3-7 and SUUR, despite the fact that HP1 and HP2 are depleted particularly from this polytene structure. The pseudopuff completes replication earlier than when it is compacted as heterochromatin, and underreplication of some DNA sequences within the pseudopuff is strongly suppressed. So, we show that pericentric heterochromatin is heterogeneous in its requirement for SU(VAR)3-9 with respect to the establishment of the condensed state, time of replication, and DNA polytenization.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
authors.forename: Olga V
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Demakova
authors.forename: Galina V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Pokholkova
authors.forename: Tatyana D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Kolesnikova
authors.forename: Sergey A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Demakov
authors.forename: Eugenia N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Andreyeva
authors.forename: Elena S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Belyaeva
authors.forename: Igor F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Zhimulev
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000090266:Chromobox Protein Homolog 5; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000378:metabolism*; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004261:DNA Replication; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics*; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D022041:Euchromatin / Q000378:metabolism; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006570:Heterochromatin / Q000235:genetics*; D000076983:Histone Methyltransferases; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D011496:Protein Methyltransferases; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D022041:Euchromatin; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006570:Heterochromatin; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C089148:Su(var)3-9 protein, Drosophila; D000090266:Chromobox Protein Homolog 5; D004247:DNA; D000076983:Histone Methyltransferases; D011496:Protein Methyltransferases; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase