title: Methods to produce marker-free transgenic plants.
abstract: Selectable marker genes (SMGs) have been extraordinarily useful in enabling plant transformation because of the low efficiency of transgene integration. The most used SMGs encode proteins resistant to antibiotics or herbicides and use negative selection, i.e., by killing nontransgenic tissue. However, there are perceived risks in wide-scale deployment of SMG-transgenic plants, and therefore research has recently been performed to develop marker-free systems. In this review, transformation using markers not based on antibiotic or herbicide resistance genes, as well as different systems of marker gene deletion, are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Agriculture Biotechnology Research Institute for Northwest & West of Iran, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Behrooz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Darbani
authors.forename: Amin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eimanifar
authors.forename: C Neal
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: William N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Camargo
mesh_terms: D005818:Genetic Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D010944:Plants / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D010940:Plant Proteins