title: Evaluation of temephos and chlorpyrifos-methyl against Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae in septic tanks in Antalya, Turkey.
abstract: The larvicidal activity of chlorpyrifos-methyl and temephos was evaluated against Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) in septic tanks in Antalya, Turkey. Chlorpyrifos-methyl (Pyrifos MT 25 emulsifiable concentrate [EC] ) was evaluated at application rates of 0.04, 0.08, and 0.12 mg active ingredient (AI)/liter, and temephos (Temeguard 50 EC) was evaluated at 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06 mg (AI)/liter during a 21-d study. Generally, overall larval reduction in septic tanks from single- and multifamily dwellings treated with either larvicide was significantly greater than pretreatment levels and control tanks for the duration of the study. At 14 d posttreatment, duration of control was greatest in multifamily tanks treated with chlorpyrifos-methyl at the highest application rate with similar levels of control through 21 d for single-family dwellings (range 97-100%). Septic tanks from both types of family dwellings treated at the highest application rate of temephos resulted in >90% reduction through day 21 (range 91-100%). Laboratory bioassays of septic tank water treated at field application rates, without daily dilution, revealed that complete larval mortality was achieved for 21 d at each application rate and formulation. It is thought that daily addition of water and organic matter to the septic tanks in the single and multifamily dwellings influenced the duration of effectiveness of the larvicides.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Akdeniz University, 07058, Antalya, Turkey. hcetin@akdeniz.edu.tr
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cetin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yanikoglu
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kocak
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Cilek
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000633:toxicity; D003465:Culex / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004323:Drainage, Sanitary; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D016019:Survival Analysis; D000002:Temefos / Q000633:toxicity; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D004390:Chlorpyrifos; D000002:Temefos