title: Higher survival rates among younger patients after pediatric intensive care unit cardiac arrests.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Age is an important determinant of outcome from adult cardiac arrests but has not been identified previously as an important factor in pediatric cardiac arrests except among premature infants. Chest compressions can result in more effective blood flow during cardiac arrest in an infant than an older child or adult because of increased chest wall compliance. We, therefore, hypothesized that survival from cardiac arrest would be better among infants than older children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 464 pediatric ICU arrests from the National Registry of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation from 2000 to 2002. NICU cardiac arrests were excluded. Data from each arrest include >200 variables describing facility, patient, prearrest, arrest intervention, outcome, and quality improvement data. Age was categorized as newborn (<1 month; N = 62), infant (1 month to <1 year; N = 105), younger child (1 year to <8 years; N = 90), and older child (8 years to <21 years; N = 207). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to examine the association between age and survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall survival was 22%, with 27% of newborns, 36% of infants, 19% of younger children and 16% of older children surviving to hospital discharge. Newborns and infants demonstrated double and triple the odds of surviving to hospital discharge from a cardiac arrest in an intensive care setting when compared with older children. When potential confounders were controlled, newborns increased their advantage to almost fivefold, while infants maintained their survival advantage to older children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Survival from pediatric ICU cardiac arrest is age dependent. Newborns and infants have better survival rates even after adjusting for potential confounding variables.
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, 7th Floor, Room 7c03, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th Street and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Meaney@email.chop.edu
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Meaney
authors.forename: Vinay M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Nadkarni
authors.forename: E Francis
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Marcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Testa
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Helfaer
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kaye
authors.forename: G Luke
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Larkin
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Berg
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003422:Critical Care; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate