title: Dietary microbial levan enhances cellular non-specific immunity and survival of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) juveniles.
abstract: A preliminary study with a 75days feeding trial was conducted to study the immunomodulatory effect of microbial levan on Cyprinus carpio juveniles. Five purified isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets with graded levels of levan, namely (T(1)) 0.1% levan, (T(2)) 0.2% levan, (T(3)) 0.5% levan, (T(4)) 1.0% levan, and a control group without levan were fed to five groups of fishes in triplicate. The total erythrocyte count and haemoglobin content was significantly (p<0.05) enhanced in the T(3) group, though the total leucocyte counts, total protein and A/G ratio did not show any significant difference (p>0.05) when compared with the control group. The respiratory burst activity (NBT) of blood phagocytes and lysozyme activity was also highest in T(3) group. The relative survival percentage after challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila was highest (100%) in the T(3) group followed by 83.33% and 66.67% in the T(2) and T(4) groups, respectively. This suggests that microbial levan at 0.5% can be used as a dietary immunostimulant for C. carpio juveniles. This is the first report on microbial levan having an immunomodulatory effect on C. carpio.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Bhavan's College, Andheri, Mumbai 400058, Maharastra, India.
authors.forename: Dina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rairakhwada
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Pal
authors.forename: Z P
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Bhathena
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Sahu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jha
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016980:Aeromonas hydrophila / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D002347:Carps / Q000276:immunology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D005630:Fructans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects*; D009113:Muramidase / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D010586:Phagocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D011897:Random Allocation; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000187:drug effects; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D005630:Fructans; D006454:Hemoglobins; C072599:levan; D009113:Muramidase