title: [Sexual dysfunctions and bipolar disorder: a study of patients submitted to a long- term lithium treatment].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A wide range of psychotropic drugs has been reported to affect human sexual functioning. Most of the literature regarding the relationship between sexual function and psychotropic drugs deals with antidepressants-induced sexual side effects, mainly due to SSRIs. Lithium is a first-line long-term treatment for mood disorders, primarily bipolar disorder; unfortunately, there are a limited number of studies specifically concerning sexual side effects in patients on long-term lithium treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study concerns fifty-one clinically stable outpatients of both sexes (M=24, 47.1%; F=27, 52.9%), mean age 33.1+/-11.5 yrs, affected by bipolar I/II disorder according to DSM IV-TR criteria, submitted to long-term lithium treatment alone, compared to 176 healthy subjects (M=96, 54.5%; F=80,45.5%), mean age 30.2+/-8.7 yrs, as control group. Patients and controls were submitted to a questionnaire purposely developed for the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significantly higher percent of patients with respect to controls reported to have "never" or "rarely" sexual intercourses (45% vs 20%), sexual fantasies (25.4% vs 13.6%), and desire (37.3% vs 9.5%); moreover, a significantly lower amount of patients with respect to controls reported pleasure (73% vs. 91%) and satisfaction (57% vs. 83%) during intercourses. 18% of patients reported a worsening in sexual life after the onset of bipolar disorder; 30% of patients related their sexual problems to the introduction of lithium treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Notwithstanding the interpretative limits given by the use of questionnaires, our data seem to confirm even in patients under monotherapy, the negative influence of lithium on sexual excitation and desire, already depicted in patients with bipolar disorder under polytherapy.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Psichiatria, Università di Cagliari, Italia.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zuncheddu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Carpiniello
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018020:Lithium Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000139:chemically induced*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D018020:Lithium Compounds; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs