title: Fermentation quality and nutritive value of a total mixed ration silage containing coffee grounds at ten or twenty percent of dry matter.
abstract: Six wethers were used in a replicated 3 x 3 Latin square to study the fermentation quality and nutritive value of total mixed ration (TMR) silages that included wet coffee grounds (WCG). The TMR were prepared using a commercial compound feed, timothy hay, alfalfa hay, dried beet pulp, and a vitamin-mineral supplement in a ratio of 36.5:30:20:12:1.5, respectively, on a DM basis, with timothy hay and alfalfa hay being replaced by WCG at 0, 10, or 20%. All TMR silages, irrespective of WCG addition, were well preserved, with a low pH and ammonia-N content and a high lactic acid content. Intakes by wethers of TMR silages containing 0 and 10% WCG were 96.6 and 94.8 g/kg of BW(0.75), and did not differ (P > 0.05). Intake of TMR silage containing 20% WCG was 76.8 g/kg of BW(0.75), which was equal to 80% of that of the TMR silage with no WCG (quadratic: P < 0.01). Increasing concentrations of WCG in the rations decreased the digestibility of DM, CP, ADF, NDF, and energy, and increased that of ether extract (P < 0.05). The TDN and DE contents of the TMR silages with 0 and 10% WCG were similar, but the TMR silage with 20% WCG was lower (P < 0.05). With progressive increases in WCG concentrations, N intake did not differ, but fecal and urinary N increased linearly (P < 0.001), and retained N decreased linearly (P < 0.001). This study demonstrated that the proportion of WCG to be incorporated into TMR silages should not exceed 10% of the DM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Feeding and Management, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2793, Japan.
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D003069:Coffee / Q000737:chemistry*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D009753:Nutritive Value; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism; D012756:Sheep / Q000502:physiology*; D012820:Silage / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D000641:Ammonia