title: Informed consent for research obtained during the intensive care unit stay.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) may be in an inadequate condition to give their informed consent for research. The aim of this study was to analyse the ability to recall participation in a clinical trial for which ICU patients had given their consent.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data presented are a two-step observational study: first, a protocolled informed consent procedure was conducted then the informed consent was given by the patient, and second, a patient interview was held 10 +/- 2 days later by the same investigator. The primary endpoints were the ability to recall their participation in the clinical trial, as well as its purpose and related risks. As secondary endpoints, we investigated whether asking questions about the clinical trial or reading the informative leaflet was related to the recall. To be included in the study, the patient had to have a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15, be fully oriented and free of mechanical ventilation, and be judged competent by both the investigator and the attending physician. Patients admitted to the ICU after major surgery or trauma were eligible. However, patients who refused to participate, or those whose next-of-kin gave consent, were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 44 patients, 35 (80%) recognized, 10 to 12 days after informed consent had been obtained, that they had participated in the clinical trial, but only 14 out of 44 (32%) could recall the clinical trial purpose and its related risks. More patients with complete recall had read the informative leaflet or asked at least one question before signing the informed consent. Asking at least one question was associated with complete recall.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results confirm that obtaining informed consent for research during an ICU stay is associated with poor patient recall of participation in a clinical trial and its components (purpose and risk). Whether encouraging reading the informative leaflet and asking questions about the clinical trial improves the informed consent procedure remains to be fully investigated.
authors.affiliation: Service of Intensive Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Intensive Care, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva 14, Switzerland. catherine.chenaud@hcuge.ch
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chenaud
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Merlani
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Luyasu
authors.forename: Bara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ricou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000941:ethics*; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D010358:Patient Participation