title: Clinical, anthropometric and upper airway anatomic characteristics of obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obese subjects are at increased risk of developing obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). However, the individual role of local (i.e., upper airway-related) and general (clinical and whole-body anthropometric) characteristics in determining OSAS in obese patients is still controversial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To contrast the clinical, anthropometric and upper airway anatomical features of obese subjects presenting or not presenting with OSAS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven obese (BMI > or =30 kg/m(2)) males with OSAS and 14 age- and gender-matched obese controls underwent clinical and anthropometric (BMI, waist-to-hip ratio and neck circumference) evaluation. In a subgroup of subjects (18 and 11 subjects, respectively), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during wakefulness was used to study the upper airway anatomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  OSAS patients showed significantly higher BMI, waist-to-hip ratio and neck circumference as compared to controls (p < 0.05). They also referred to nonrepairing sleep, impaired attention, and previous car accidents more frequently (p < 0.05). The transversal diameter of the airways (TDAW) at the retroglossal level by MRI was found to be an independent predictor of the presence and severity of OSAS (p < 0.05). Parapharyngeal fat increase, however, was not related to OSAS. A TDAW >12 mm was especially useful to rule out severe OSAS (apnea-hypopnea index >30, negative predictive value = 88.9%, likelihood ratio for a negative test result = 0.19).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MRI of the upper airway can be used in association with clinical and anthropometric data to identify obese males at increased risk of OSAS.
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hora
authors.forename: Lara Maris
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Nápolis
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Daltro
authors.forename: Sérgio Keidi
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kodaira
authors.forename: Sérgio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tufik
authors.forename: Sônia Maria
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Togeiro
authors.forename: Luiz Eduardo
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Nery
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017286:Polysomnography; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000473:pathology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology*