title: Surface ground contamination and soil vertical distribution of 137Cs around two underground nuclear explosion sites in the Asian Arctic, Russia.
abstract: Vertical distributions of 137Cs have been determined in vegetation-soil cores obtained from 30 different locations around two underground nuclear explosion sites--"Crystal" (event year - 1974) and "Kraton-3" (event year - 1978) in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russia. In 2001-2002, background levels of 137Cs surface contamination densities on control forest plots varied from 0.73 to 0.97 kBq m(-2) with an average of 0.84+/-0.10 kBq m(-2) and a median of 0.82 kBq m(-2). 137Cs ground contamination densities at the "Crystal" site ranged from 1.3 to 64 kBq m(-2); the activity gradually decreased with distance from the borehole. For "Kraton-3", residual surface contamination density of radiocaesium varied drastically from 1.7 to 6900 kBq m(-2); maximal 137Cs depositions were found at a "decontaminated" plot. At all forest plots, radiocaesium activity decreased throughout the whole vertical soil profile. Vertical distributions of 137Cs in soil for the majority of the plots sampled (n=18) can be described using a simple exponential function. Despite the fact that more than 20 years have passed since the main fallout events, more than 80% of the total deposited activity was found in the first 5 cm of the vegetation-soil cores from most of the forested landscapes. The low annual temperatures, clay-rich soil type with neutral pH, and presence of thick lichen-moss carpet are the factors which may hinder 137Cs transport down the soil profile.
authors.affiliation: St.-Petersburg Institute of Radiation Hygiene, Mira street 8, 197101, St.-Petersburg, Russia. V.Ramzaev@mail.ru
authors.forename: Valery
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ramzaev
authors.forename: Arkady
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mishine
authors.forename: Vladislav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Golikov
authors.forename: Justin Emrys
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Strand
mesh_terms: D001110:Arctic Regions; D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis*; D005107:Explosions; D011834:Radiation Monitoring; D011847:Radioactive Fallout; D012426:Russia; D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes; D011847:Radioactive Fallout; D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive