title: The role of the cytokines and cell-adhesion molecules on the immunopathology of acute appendicitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the local expression of the proinflammatory cytokine such as interferon gamma and anti-inflammatory cytokine like interleukin-10 (IL-10) and their role in cell adhesion molecules (CAM) expression on the surface of endothelial cell at the site of inflammation in acute appendicitis. The local expression of these cytokines and CAM was correlated with clinical findings to shed light on their role in the pathogenesis of acute appendicitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five patients with acute appendicitis and 6 apparently normal appendices were removed incidentally from individuals presented with problems other than appendicitis, were included in this prospective study. They were attendant of the emergency room in Al-Khadhumiyah Teaching Hospital in Baghdad, from October 2003 to September 2004. Cell adhesion molecules (intracellular adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-l], ICAM-3 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 [VCAM-1]) were detected by immunohistochemistry while IL-10 and interferon gamma were detected by in situ hybridization. The specimens were classified into 5 groups; early acute appendicitis, phlegmonous appendicitis, ulcero-phlegmonous appendicitis, and gangrenous appendicitis, and the fifth group included specimens that showed no histopathological changes, defined as histologically normal appendix.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intracellular adhesion molecule-1, VCAM-I, IL-10 and interferon gamma were expressed weakly in the control group, while ICAM-3 was not detected in the control group. The average score for ICAM-I, VCAM-1 and the percentage of cells expressing IL-l0 and interferon gamma were significantly higher in the patient groups when compared with the control group. Intracellular adhesion molecule-3 was expressed in the patient group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The kinetics of CAM expression were tightly correlated to the balance between IL-10 and interferon gamma especially after 12.5 hours from the first symptoms experienced by the patients. The interferon gamma was the main player and the most significant factor that leads to shifting of cases towards gangrenous appendicitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq. chimeric20032000@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Mahmood Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Hachim
authors.forename: Abdulrazak H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Ahmed
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000502:physiology; D001064:Appendicitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000502:physiology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000502:physiology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016207:Cytokines; C483616:ICAM3 protein, human; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma