title: Impaired control and undergraduate problem drinking.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Impaired control, one of the hallmarks of addiction, is also one of the earliest dependence symptoms to develop. Thus impaired control is particularly relevant to undergraduates and other young adults with relatively brief drinking histories. The main goal of this study was to determine whether impaired control predicted heavy episodic drinking and alcohol-related problems cross-sectionally in an undergraduate sample after controlling for gender, family history of alcohol and drug problems, and several other established predictor variables from the undergraduate alcohol literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of first-year undergraduates (n=312) completed Part 2 of the Impaired Control Scale (ICS) and other measures related to alcohol use as part of a larger study on problem drinking in undergraduates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Scores on Part 2 of the ICS predicted heavy episodic drinking and alcohol-related problems cross-sectionally even after controlling for all other predictor variables. Notably, impaired control was a stronger predictor of alcohol-related problems than overall weekly alcohol consumption. Part 2 of the ICS was found to be a reliable and valid measure for use with undergraduates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support the notion that impaired control is one of the earliest dependence symptoms to develop. The ICS is an effective tool for identifying young adults at risk for problem drinking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. robert.leeman@yale.edu
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Leeman
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fenton
authors.forename: Joseph R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Volpicelli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011594:Psychometrics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012932:Social Facilitation; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data