title: Incontinence following bladder neck reconstruction--is there a role for endoscopic management?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Little has been reported concerning the efficacy of endoscopic injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid for the treatment of residual incontinence following bladder neck reconstruction. We present the experience of 2 institutions using endoscopic submucosal injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid to correct incontinence in patients who had previously undergone bladder neck reconstruction with or without concomitant enterocystoplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review was performed with patient demographics, indications for treatment and outcomes recorded. All patients had adequate bladder capacity and compliance on maximized medical therapy before injection. Continence was defined as at least a 3-hour daytime dry interval, while improvement was defined as an increase in the daytime dry interval to at least 2 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 14 patients (10 females and 4 males) underwent 21 injections. At a median followup of 17 months 10 patients had successful results (6 continent, 4 improved).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid to correct incontinence following bladder neck reconstruction appears safe and can increase the daytime dry interval in more than 70% of carefully selected patients. Continued followup is necessary to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of this treatment.
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, USA.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Kitchens
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Minevich
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: DeFoor
authors.forename: Pramod P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wacksman
authors.forename: Martin A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Koyle
authors.forename: Curtis A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Sheldon
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003558:Cystoscopy; D003911:Dextrans / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007267:Injections / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; C487487:dextranomer-hyaluronic acid copolymer; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid