title: Human evolution: humanistic selection and looking to the future.
abstract: Cultural evolution has predominated over biological evolution in modern man (Homo sapiens sapiens). Cultural evolution differs from biological evolution not only by inheritance of acquired characteristics but also, as is proposed in the present essay, by another kind of selection mechanism. Whereas selection in biological evolution is executed according to a criterion of reproductive success (the natural selection), selection in cultural evolution appears to be carried out according to human and humanistic criteria (success or fitness in meeting human needs, interests and humanistic values--"humanistic selection"). Many humanistic needs or values do not seem to be prerequisite for reproductive success, yet some of them (e.g. a need for freedom) seem to be inborn. Innateness, humanistic selection (decisive at a community level) and hierarchy of some human needs, interests and values appear to give cultural evolution a generally upward trend although long periods of stagnation or even regression may occur. Modern humans appear to be still at the early stage of their cultural evolution. A further cultural evolution of man appears to be, in contrast to biological evolution, predictable (with an optimistic outlook) and testable. The problem is that the hopeful result of this test will probably be known only in the fairly remote future provided that this species will not become extinct before that.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. miloslav.krsiak@lf3.cuni.cz
authors.forename: Miloslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krsiak
mesh_terms: D005075:Biological Evolution; D003468:Cultural Evolution; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D012641:Selection, Genetic