title: Characterization of soluble glycoprotein D-mediated herpes simplex virus type 1 infection.
abstract: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) entry into permissive cells involves attachment to cell-surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and fusion of the virus envelope with the cell membrane triggered by the binding of glycoprotein D (gD) to cognate receptors. In this study, we characterized the observation that soluble forms of the gD ectodomain (sgD) can mediate entry of gD-deficient HSV-1. We examined the efficiency and receptor specificity of this activity and used sequential incubation protocols to determine the order and stability of the initial interactions required for entry. Surprisingly, virus binding to GAGs did not increase the efficiency of sgD-mediated entry and gD-deficient virus was capable of attaching to GAG-deficient cells in the absence of sgD. These observations suggested a novel binding interaction that may play a role in normal HSV infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, E1246 Biomedical Science Tower, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsvitov
authors.forename: Arthur R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Frampton
authors.forename: Waris A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Steven K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Wendell
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ozuer
authors.forename: Zoher
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kapacee
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Goins
authors.forename: Justus B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Joseph C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Glorioso
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D002460:Cell Line; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D017353:Gene Deletion; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000172:deficiency; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014709:Vero Cells; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D053585:Virus Attachment; D053586:Virus Internalization
chemical_list: D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D011991:Receptors, Virus; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C039447:glycoprotein D, Human herpesvirus 1