title: [Association between tumor necrosis factor-alpha promoter polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes and obesity in Chilean elderly women].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) has an increased expression in the adipose tissue of obese subjects and is involved in insulin resistance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To screen for associations between -308G/A, -238G/A, -376G/A and -163G/A genetic variants of the TNF-alpha gene, diabetes and obesity-related variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  A group of 263 elderly women aged 60-90 years were recruited. Among them, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed and serum lipids measured in 100 women. TNF-alpha genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences were found when comparing allele frequencies in TNF-alpha polymorphisms of normal subjects with those having impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes. After excluding patients with previous diagnosis of diabetes, no significant differences by polymorphism carrier status were found for plasma levels of lipids, glucose and insulin. Additionally, no significant differences were found for the association between variables related to adiposity and the -308G/A polymorphisms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is unlikely that polymorphisms in the promoter region of the TNF-alpha gene have a major influence in obesity and diabetes phenotypes in Chilean elderly women.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. jsantos@inta.cl
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Santos M
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patiño G
authors.forename: Bárbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Angel B
authors.forename: José Alfredo
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martínez H
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pérez B
authors.forename: Ana Claudia
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Villarroel B
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sierrasesúmaga A
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Albala B
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002677:Chile; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha