title: Conservative treatment with transurethral resection, neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiochemotherapy in stage T2-3 transitional bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Organ preservation has been investigated in patients (p) with infiltrating transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder over the past decade as an alternative to radical cystectomy. This is a trimodal schedule study, including transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURB), neoadjuvant chemotherapy and concomitant radiochemotherapy (RTC).
  
  
  METHODS
  From April 1996 until August 2005, 29 evaluable patients (p) with T2-T3NXM0 bladder cancer were enrolled. After a transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURB), we administered 2 cycles of induction chemotherapy with CMV (15 p) or Gemcitabine-Cisplatin (14 p) followed by radiotherapy 45 Gy 1.8 Gy/fraction and two cycles of concomitant cisplatin 70 mg/m(2). 2-3 weeks later, a cystoscopy with tumor-site biopsy was performed. If complete histological response, p were treated with consolidation radiotherapy until 64.8 Gy. For p with residual or recurrent tumor, cystectomy was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We included 28 men and 1 women (median age 63, range 39-72 years) with PS (ECOG) 0-1. The stage was: 21 p T2; 6 p T3a; and 2 p T3b. Toxicity was higher in CMV compared with Gem- Cis: grade (3/4) neutropenia 4/15 (26%) vs 1/14 (7%); febrile neutropenia 3/15 (20%) vs 1/14 (7%); grade (3/4) trombocytopenia 2/15 (13%) vs 1/14 (7%). Toxicities with concomitant RCT were low-moderate: urocystitis (26%) and enteritis (18%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  microscopically complete TURB was obtained in 20 p (69%), but not in 9 p (31%) (7 microscopic, and 2 macroscopic residual tumor). We found a complete histologic response after induction RCT in 25 p (86%). After a median follow-up of 69.4 months (m) (range: 8-97.7), there were 8 deaths, with a overall survival of 72%. Furthermore 14 of 29 p (48%) were alive with intact bladder, and median survival time with intact bladder was 63.6 m (50.1-77.2); were predictive of best outcome T2 stage vs T3 (p < 0.0001), and complete histologic resection in initial TURB vs residual tumor (p = 0.0004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined treatment provide high response rates and can be offered as an alternative option to radical cystectomy in selected patients with TCC. Patients with T2 stage and complete histologic resection in initial TURB had the best outcome.
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology Section, Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, Málaga, Spain. manuelcobodols@yahoo.es
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cobo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Herruzo
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Baena
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carabante
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bretón
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Del Rosal
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fuentes
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Villar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Contreras
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Alés
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benavides
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D014747:Vinblastine; D002945:Cisplatin; D008727:Methotrexate; D000093542:Gemcitabine