title: Bioavailability and toxicity of pentachlorophenol in contaminated soil evaluated on coelomocytes of Eisenia andrei (Annelida: Lumbricidae).
abstract: Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is widely distributed and highly persistent in soil, and represents a threat to the health of ecosystems. The present study aimed to assess the toxicity and bioavailability of PCP in soils as a function of different aging periods with the attempt to select a good toxicological assay for Eisenia andrei Bouché (Annelida: Lumbricidae). The experiments were performed on soil contaminated with PCP at 15 and 150ppm. After different aging periods (20, 60 and 120 days from spiking), bioavailability and toxicity were evaluated on E. andrei kept for 7 and 14 days in treated soils. The actual bioavailability decreased in relation to the aging for both PCP concentrations. No membrane damage was observed on coelomocytes collected by ethanol extrusion. Modifications in distribution of coelomocyte subpopulations were detected by flow cytometry on samples aged for 60 and 120 days at 150ppm PCP contamination. The reduction of lysosomal membrane stability, measured by neutral red retention time, was observed in all treatments. Worm mortality increased with aging in soils spiked with 150ppm of PCP. In conclusion, aging did not seem to reduce PCP cytotoxicity. This is the first report on in vivo toxicity of PCP evaluated on coelomocytes of E. andrei using different assays.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology and Chemistry, University of Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Pasqua
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vernile
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fornelli
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bari
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spagnuolo
authors.forename: Fiorenza
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Minervini
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Lillo
authors.forename: Pacifico
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ruggiero
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D009499:Neutral Red; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010416:Pentachlorophenol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D012989:Soil Pollutants; D009499:Neutral Red; D010416:Pentachlorophenol