title: The influence of restorative treatment approaches and the use of local analgesia, on the children's discomfort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim is to investigate possible differences in discomfort during treatment with the atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) or the Conventional restorative method with and without local analgesia (LA).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group consisted of 6 and 7 year old children with no dental experience (mean age 6.98, SD +/- 0.52) randomly divided into four treatment groups: Conventional method with and without LA and ART with and without LA. One or two proximal lesions in primary molars were treated. The heart rate and the behaviour (Venham) were measured.
  
  
  METHODS
  Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS version 10.0.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a first session 300 children were treated and 109 children for a second time in the same way as at the first visit. During the first session ART without LA gave the least discomfort while the Conventional method without LA gave the most discomfort. During the second treatment the least discomfort was observed with ART without LA and the most discomfort in the Conventional way with LA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a constant preference for hand instruments; the bur is increasingly accepted. The experience with LA is the reverse.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology, Endodontology, Pedodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Louwesweg 1, 1066 EA Amsterdam, The Netherlands. j.vbochove@acta.nl
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: van Bochove
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: van Amerongen
mesh_terms: D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000628:therapy; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000473:pathology; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D003804:Dentin / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008434:Matrix Bands; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology; D009407:Nerve Block; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements