title: An overview of adapting educational and psychological assessment instruments: past and present.
abstract: This article provides a focal summary of procedures on the proper adaptation of a test for cross-cultural purposes. This is directed to potential and current users of measurement instruments that have been developed in one culture and are intended to be adapted to another culture. Attention is directed to the absolute necessity of complying with the International Test Commission Principles of Test Adaptations.
authors.affiliation: University of Rhode Island, Social Science Center, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
authors.forename: Peter F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Merenda
mesh_terms: D001077:Aptitude Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D011581:Psychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014175:Translating