title: Evaluation of accommodative Insufficiency with the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether asthenopic symptoms in schoolchildren diagnosed with accommodative insufficiency (AI) and graded with the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) could be correlated with the degree of accommodative deficiency in these children, and to investigate if VAS grading of the asthenopic symptoms could be used as an instrument to indicate the level of improvement of AI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-nine children (mean age 10.2 years +/- 2.7) diagnosed with AI graded their degree of asthenopia on the VAS before and after a 12-week treatment period wearing individually dispensed reading glasses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The improvement in accommodation after treatment was statistically significant (p < 0.001) and 83.7% of the children obtained normal accommodative amplitude in relation to age. The reduction in asthenopic symptoms as graded with the VAS was also statistically significant (p < 0.001) after treatment and 89.9% of the children obtained a normal VAS score. However, no correlation between the degree of accommodative deficiency and the VAS grading could be found, neither before nor after treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on these results we conclude that the visual analogue scale (VAS) cannot be used as an instrument to indicate the degree of accommodative deficiency nor can it be used to indicate the level of improvement during the course of treatment. However, the VAS can be used as an instrument to verify and document whether or not asthenopic symptoms are present, and therefore also to indicate when symptoms have been relieved.
authors.affiliation: St. Erik's Eye Hospital, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. saber.abdi@ste.ki.se
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abdi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rydberg
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pansell
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brautaset
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular; D000293:Adolescent; D001248:Asthenopia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D005139:Eyeglasses; D006801:Humans; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*