title: The PTEN/Akt pathway dictates the direct alphaVbeta3-dependent growth-inhibitory action of an active fragment of tumstatin in glioma cells in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: The collagen type IV cleavage fragment tumstatin and its active subfragments bind to integrin alpha(V)beta(3) and inhibit activation of focal adhesion kinase, phophoinositol-3 kinase, Akt, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in what is thought to be an endothelial cell-specific manner. The resultant endothelial cell apoptosis accounts for the ability of tumstatin to function as an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis and an indirect suppressor of tumor growth. We hypothesized that the inability of tumstatin to directly suppress tumor cell growth might be the result of the constitutive activation of the Akt/mTOR pathway commonly seen in tumors. Consistent with this idea, several integrin alpha(V)beta(3)-expressing glioma cell lines with PTEN mutations and high levels of phospho-Akt (pAkt) were unaffected by exposure to an active fragment of tumstatin (T3), whereas alpha(V)beta(3)-expressing glioma cell lines with a functional PTEN/low levels of pAkt exhibited T3-induced growth suppression that could be bypassed by small interfering RNA-mediated suppression of PTEN, introduction of a constitutively expressed Akt, or introduction of the Akt and mTOR target eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E. The direct tumor-suppressive actions of T3 were further shown in an alpha(V)beta(3)-deficient in vivo mouse model in which T3, while unable to alter the tumstatin-insensitive vasculature contributed by the alpha(V)beta(3)-deficient host, nonetheless suppressed the growth and proliferative index of i.c. implanted alpha(V)beta(3)-expressing PTEN-proficient glioma cells. These results show that tumstatin, previously considered to be only an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis, also directly inhibits the growth of tumors in a manner dependent on Akt/mTOR activation.
authors.affiliation: Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of California-San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, CA 94115-0875, USA.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: Yoji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanamori
authors.forename: Raelene
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Endersby
authors.forename: Krystof S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Bankiewicz
authors.forename: Suzanne J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bergers
authors.forename: Russell O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Pieper
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D024141:Collagen Type IV / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D039302:Integrin alphaVbeta3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens; D024141:Collagen Type IV; D039302:Integrin alphaVbeta3; C057112:type IV collagen alpha3 chain; D011494:Protein Kinases; C546842:MTOR protein, human; C546843:mTOR protein, mouse; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human