title: Experimentally determined uranium isotope fractionation during reduction of hexavalent U by bacteria and zero valent iron.
abstract: Variations in stable isotope ratios of redox sensitive elements are often used to understand redox processes occurring near the Earth's surface. Presented here are measurements of mass-dependent U isotope fractionation induced by U(VI) reduction by zerovalent iron (Fe0) and bacteria under controlled pH and HCO3- conditions. In abiotic experiments, Fe0 reduced U(VI), but the reaction failed to induce an analytically significant isotopic fractionation. Bacterial reduction experiments using Geobacter sulfurreducens and Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans reduced dissolved U(VI) and caused enrichment of 238U relative to 235U in the remaining U(VI). Enrichmentfactors (epsilon) calculated using a Rayleigh distillation model are -0.31% per hundred and -0.34% per hundred for G. sulfurreducens and A. dehalogenans, respectively, under identical experimental conditions. Further studies are required to determine the range of possible values for 238U/235U fractionation factors under a variety of experimental conditions before broad application of these results is possible. However, the measurable variations in delta(5238)U show promise as indicators of reduction for future studies of groundwater contamination, geochronology, U ore deposit formation, and U biogeochemical cycling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geosciences, University of the Pacific, USA. lrademacher@pacific.edu
authors.forename: Laura K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Rademacher
authors.forename: Craig C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lundstrom
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sanford
authors.forename: Juanzho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Zhaofeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D001639:Bicarbonates; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D045302:Geobacter / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D007554:Isotopes; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D014501:Uranium / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D007554:Isotopes; D014501:Uranium; D007501:Iron