title: Severe inbreeding depression in a wild wolf (Canis lupus) population.
abstract: The difficulty of obtaining pedigrees for wild populations has hampered the possibility of demonstrating inbreeding depression in nature. In a small, naturally restored, wild population of grey wolves in Scandinavia, founded in 1983, we constructed a pedigree for 24 of the 28 breeding pairs established in the period 1983-2002. Ancestry for the breeding animals was determined through a combination of field data (snow tracking and radio telemetry) and DNA microsatellite analysis. The population was founded by only three individuals. The inbreeding coefficient F varied between 0.00 and 0.41 for wolves born during the study period. The number of surviving pups per litter during their first winter after birth was strongly correlated with inbreeding coefficients of pups (R2=0.39, p<0.001). This inbreeding depression was recalculated to match standard estimates of lethal equivalents (2B), corresponding to 6.04 (2.58-9.48, 95% CI) litter-size-reducing equivalents in this wolf population.
authors.affiliation: Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Conservation Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, SE-73091 Riddarhyttan, Sweden. olof.liberg@nvb.slu.se
authors.forename: Olof
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Liberg
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Andrén
authors.forename: Hans-Christian
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sand
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sejberg
authors.forename: Petter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wabakken
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kesson
authors.forename: Staffan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bensch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D007178:Inbreeding; D008098:Litter Size / Q000235:genetics; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D010375:Pedigree; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012537:Scandinavian and Nordic Countries; D019596:Wolves / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*