title: Normal reference values for the adult right ventricle by magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to establish reference ranges for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of the adult right ventricle stratified by gender. Cardiovascular MRI is increasingly used for evaluating the right ventricle in congenital and acquired heart disease, but gender-specific normative values are currently unavailable. Study participants included 500 subjects free of clinical cardiovascular disease who were participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). All subjects underwent MRI according to a standard protocol. The endocardial margins of the right ventricle were manually contoured on short-axis images, and right ventricular (RV) volumes were calculated using a summation-of-disks method. RV dimensions were measured on 4-chamber gradient-echo images and in the short-axis plane. Except for the ejection fraction, all unadjusted RV parameters were significantly greater in men than in women (p <0.001). In the entire study population, RV volumes and linear dimensions each correlated significantly with height (r = 0.38 to 0.64, p = 0.001 for all) and body surface area (r = 0.41 to 0.64, p = 0.001 for all). Gender differences persisted after adjustment for subject height. After adjustment for body surface area, volumetric variables remained significantly greater (p = 0.001) in men than in women. Even after adjusting for body surface area and height, Chinese participants had significantly lower RV volumes compared with Caucasians. In conclusion, gender-specific normal values for the adult right ventricle by MRI are presented. Cardiovascular MRI measures of RV volumes and linear dimensions differ significantly according to gender and body size. These values will be useful to differentiate RV health from diseases that result in abnormal RV structure and function.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. htandri1@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Harikrishna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tandri
authors.forename: Samantapudi K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Daya
authors.forename: Khurram
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nasir
authors.forename: Chandra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bomma
authors.forename: João A C
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Hugh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Calkins
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bluemke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001827:Body Height; D001830:Body Surface Area; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044469:Racial Groups; D012016:Reference Values; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013318:Stroke Volume