title: Targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: The discovery of a relationship for the VHL tumor suppressor gene, hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha, and vascular endothelial growth factor in the growth of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has identified a pathway for novel targeted therapy. This study evaluated the impact of these agents on metastatic RCC (mRCC), and highlights recent phase II and III trials. A systematic review examined the clinical data for novel targeted agents in mRCC, with a focus on randomized phase II and III trials of the novel targeted agents sunitinib, temsirolimus, sorafenib, and bevacizumab. Several agents, including the small-molecule targeted inhibitors sunitinib, temsirolimus, sorafenib, and the monoclonal antibody bevacizumab, have demonstrated antitumor activity in randomized trials. Superior activity was found with sunitinib and temsirolimus versus cytokines in first-line therapy. Improved progression-free survival was reported with sorafenib and bevacizumab given second-line compared with placebo. Targeted therapies show promising activity in this disease, and they have been changing patient management. Sunitinib and sorafenib were recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of mRCC, These drugs are currently included in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Genitourinary Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA. motzerr@mskcc.org
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Motzer
authors.forename: Ronald M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bukowski
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017322:Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; D017326:Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077157:Sorafenib; D000077210:Sunitinib; D051794:Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D007211:Indoles; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines; D011758:Pyrroles; D009536:Niacinamide; D000068258:Bevacizumab; C401859:temsirolimus; D000077157:Sorafenib; D051794:Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein; C497446:VHL protein, human; D000077210:Sunitinib; D020123:Sirolimus