title: Statistical hemodynamics: a tool for evaluating the effect of fluid dynamic forces on vascular biology in vivo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In vivo experimentation is the most realistic approach for exploring the vascular biological response to the hemodynamic stresses that are present in life. Post-mortem vascular casting has been used to define the in vivo geometry for hemodynamic simulation; however, this procedure damages or destroys the tissue and cells on which biological assays are to be performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two statistical approaches, regional (RSH) and linear (LSH) statistical hemodynamics, are proposed and illustrated, in which flow simulations from one series of experiments are used to define a best estimate of the hemodynamic environment in a second series. As an illustration of the technique, RSH is used to compare the gene expression profiles of regions of the proximal external iliac arteries of swine exposed to different levels of time-average shear stress.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicate that higher shears promote a more atheroprotective expression phenotype in porcine arterial endothelium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Statistical hemodynamics provides a realistic estimate of the hemodynamic stress on vascular tissue that can be correlated against biological response.
authors.affiliation: Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Box 90281, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
authors.forename: Morton H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: Heather A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Himburg
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: LaMack
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003198:Computer Simulation; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D018056:Hemorheology / Q000379:methods*; D007083:Iliac Artery / Q000502:physiology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D040542:Mechanotransduction, Cellular / Q000502:physiology*; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D015233:Models, Statistical; D033081:Shear Strength; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013552:Swine; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins