title: Goldenhar syndrome in association with agenesia of the internal carotid artery.
abstract: The association between Goldenhar syndrome and homolateral internal carotid artery agenesis to our knowledge, has never emerged before. We present a case report in a female child that was examined with tonal audiometry, A.B.R., CT scan, MR, digital-subtraction-angiography and color Doppler. The aim of this report is to present an uncommon pathologic association which also provides a brief review of the embryology of the ear and carotid vessels whilst discussing probable pathogenetic causes.
authors.affiliation: Audiology and E.N.T. Department, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. pippifonica@yahoo.it
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ottaviano
authors.forename: Ferdinando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Calzolari
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martini
mesh_terms: D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone / Q000379:methods; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006053:Goldenhar Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D006314:Hearing Loss, Conductive / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color