title: Biphalangeal fifth toe.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A biphalangeal fifth toe is a common variant in the European population. The frequency is higher in the Japanese population. It is considered an anatomical variant of the normal triphalangeal fifth toe.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients divided into three study groups were retrospectively reviewed to determine the effect of a biphalangeal fifth toe on the occurrence of clinically symptomatic pathology of the fifth ray.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of a biphalangeal fifth toe in patients with hammer or claw toes was 65%, bunionettes 47%, and overriding fifth toe 37%. Only for the group with hammer or claw toes was prevalence significantly higher than that in the control group (39%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The stiffness and rigidity of the biphalangeal fifth toe may predispose it for symptomatic hammer or claw toe.
authors.affiliation: Regional Hospital, University Hospital, Pellenberg Weligerveld 1, Pellenberg B-3212, Lubbeek, Belgium. gretadrm@skynet.be
authors.forename: Greta
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dereymaeker
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van der Broek
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D050489:Bunion, Tailor's / Q000453:epidemiology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005530:Foot Deformities / Q000453:epidemiology*; D037801:Hammer Toe Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D013576:Syndactyly / Q000175:diagnosis; D014034:Toes / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000033:anatomy & histology*