Mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In obese individuals, adipose tissue releases increased amounts of non-esterified fatty acids, glycerol, hormones, pro-inflammatory cytokines and other factors that are involved in the development of insulin resistance. When insulin resistance is accompanied by dysfunction of pancreatic islet beta-cells - the cells that release insulin - failure to control blood glucose levels results. Abnormalities in beta-cell function are therefore critical in defining the risk and development of type 2 diabetes. This knowledge is fostering exploration of the molecular and genetic basis of the disease and new approaches to its treatment and prevention.
Kahn
Steven E
SE
Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, 1660 South Columbian Way, Seattle, Washington 98108, USA. skahn@u.washington.edu
Hull
Rebecca L
RL
Utzschneider
Kristina M
KM
D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*