title: Ki-67, p53, ER receptors, ploidy and S phase as long-term prognostic factors in T1 node-negative breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present study was to evaluate a series of biomarkers with regard to long-term prognostic value in patients with T1 (< or =2 cm) node-negative breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prognostic value of Ki-67, p53, oestrogen receptor (ER) immunohistochemical labelling, flow-cytometric S phase fraction and ploidy was evaluated in 212 patients with pT1N0M0 breast cancer. The median follow-up time was 15.9 years (range 0.2-27.2 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In an analysis of breast cancer-specific survival up to 5 years, high Ki-67 (> or =10%; p = 0.002), high p53 (> or =20%; p = 0.01), negative ER (<30%; p = 0.01) as well as aneuploidy of the tumour (p = 0.02) were significant prognostic factors. When the follow-up was extended to 10 years, only Ki-67 (p = 0.03) was significantly associated with outcome and beyond 15 years none of the studied markers provided significant prognostic information when analyzed separately. There was a weak but significant difference in long-term survival when patients with a combination of high Ki-67 (> or =10%), high SPF (>3%) and high p53 (> or =20%) were compared to patients with other combinations (p = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the results of our series, it seems that several prognostic markers which are associated with short-term survival (< or =5 years) in pT1N0M0 breast cancer may not be significant predictors of long-term (>15 years) breast cancer-specific survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. mikael.railo@hus.fi
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Railo
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lundin
authors.forename: Caj
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Haglund
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: von Smitten
authors.forename: Stig
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nordling
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000782:Aneuploidy; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016196:S Phase / Q000235:genetics*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53