title: CRP, IL-6 and endothelin-1 levels in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Do preoperative inflammatory parameters predict early graft occlusion and late cardiovascular events?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inflammation is a major contributor to atherosclerotic vascular disease. Inflammatory parameters such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been shown to be strong predictors of cardiovascular events. The association between preoperative inflammatory parameters and early graft occlusion as well as cardiovascular events after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has not, however, been fully elucidated. The aims of the present study were to prospectively investigate the prognostic value of the inflammatory parameters IL-6, CRP, and endothelin (ET-1) to predict early graft occlusion as well as late cardiovascular events after CABG.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study 99 patients undergoing CABG because of stable angina pectoris due to significant coronary artery disease were prospectively included. Coronary angiography was repeated 3 months after CABG in 81 patients in order to evaluate early graft occlusion. Blood samples were collected before CABG in all patients. Patients were followed up for a median of 5 (3-7) years after CABG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-five patients (31%) had one or more occluded grafts at the 3-month control coronary angiography. The patients with occluded grafts had higher preoperative CRP and IL-6 levels in plasma [CRP 2.22 (1.11-4.47) mg/L vs. 1.23 (0.71-2.27) mg/L P=0.03] and [IL-6 2.88 (1.91-5.94) pg/mL vs. 2.15 (1.54-3.14) pg/mL P=0.006]. There were 23 late cardiovascular events among the 99 patients during the follow-up. Patients experiencing late cardiovascular events had higher preoperative IL-6 levels than those without late cardiovascular events [4.13 (1.83-5.87) pg/mL vs. 2.08 (1.53-2.29) pg/mL, P=0.002] whereas CRP levels did not differ significantly between the two groups [1.5 (0.79-4.41) mg/L vs. 1.33 (0.74-2.48) mg/L, P=0.41]. Looking at IL-6, a cut off value more than 3.8 pg/ml was associated with a significant higher risk for an early graft occlusion (P=0.04) and late cardiovascular events (P=0.00003). Preoperative endothelin-1 did not predict early graft occlusions or late cardiovascular events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Raised preoperative IL-6 levels are predictors of both early graft occlusion and late cardiovascular events after CABG. Elevated preoperative CRP levels can predict early graft occlusion after CABG. Endothelin did not differ between the two groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Karolinska Institute at South Hospital (Södersjukhuset), Stockholm, Sweden. Anders.hedman@sodersjukhuset.se
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hedman
authors.forename: P Thomas
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: Mahbubul
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.forename: N Håkan
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Wallen
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nordlander
authors.forename: Bassem Abdel
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Samad
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000601:surgery*; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D002097:C-Reactive Protein