A conceptual model of factors contributing to the development of muscle dysmorphia.
Muscle dysmorphia is a recently described subcategory of Body Dysmorphic Disorder. It is most prevalent in males and has a number of cognitive, behavioral, socioenviornmental, emotional, and psychological factors that influence its expression. An etiological model describing these influences is presented for evaluation. Nine variables (body mass, media influences, ideal body internalization, low self-esteem, body dissatisfaction, health locus of control, negative affect, perfectionism, and body distortion) were identified through the use of extant literature on muscle dysmorphia and through extrapolation from literature involving women and eating disorders. The functional relationships among these variables are described and implications of the model are discussed.
Grieve
Frederick G
FG
Department of Psychology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101-1030, USA. rick.grieve@wku.edu
D001828:Body Image; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003674:Defense Mechanisms; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D008402:Mass Media; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal; D010469:Perceptual Distortion; D012307:Risk Factors; D012649:Self Concept; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D013177:Sports / Q000523:psychology; D014891:Weight Lifting / Q000523:psychology*