title: Ablation in mice of the mTORC components raptor, rictor, or mLST8 reveals that mTORC2 is required for signaling to Akt-FOXO and PKCalpha, but not S6K1.
abstract: The mTOR kinase controls cell growth, proliferation, and survival through two distinct multiprotein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2. mTOR and mLST8 are in both complexes, while raptor and rictor are part of only mTORC1 and mTORC2, respectively. To investigate mTORC1 and mTORC2 function in vivo, we generated mice deficient for raptor, rictor, or mLST8. Like mice null for mTOR, those lacking raptor die early in development. However, mLST8 null embryos survive until e10.5 and resemble embryos missing rictor. mLST8 is necessary to maintain the rictor-mTOR, but not the raptor-mTOR, interaction, and both mLST8 and rictor are required for the hydrophobic motif phosphorylation of Akt/PKB and PKCalpha, but not S6K1. Furthermore, insulin signaling to FOXO3, but not to TSC2 or GSK3beta, requires mLST8 and rictor. Thus, mTORC1 function is essential in early development, mLST8 is required only for mTORC2 signaling, and mTORC2 is a necessary component of the Akt-FOXO and PKCalpha pathways.
authors.affiliation: Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Guertin
authors.forename: Deanna M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Carson C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Thoreen
authors.forename: Aurora A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Burds
authors.forename: Nada Y
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Kalaany
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moffat
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Sabatini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000235:genetics; D005328:Fetal Viability / Q000235:genetics; D000071316:Forkhead Box Protein O3; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D018390:Gene Targeting; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; D051379:Mice / Q000196:embryology; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011485:Protein Binding; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D000077005:Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 Protein; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C504923:Crtc2 protein, mouse; D000071316:Forkhead Box Protein O3; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C474033:FoxO3 protein, mouse; D007328:Insulin; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D011506:Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; C000624654:Tsc2 protein, mouse; D000077005:Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 Protein; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; C000605507:Gsk3b protein, mouse; D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3