title: Serum prostate-specific antigen levels in Middle Eastern men with subclinical prostatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the influence of subclinical or histologically diagnosed prostatitis on serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in patients investigated for prostatic disease in Kuwait.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum PSA was assayed in patients investigated for prostatic disease in Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital, Kuwait, between December 2002 and December 2004. These included patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound with needle biopsy of the prostate gland and those who were treated with transurethral resection of the prostate or retropubic prostatectomy. The tissue was evaluated for prostatitis as well as the underlying disease, and the type and severity of prostatitis were compared with levels of serum PSA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 331 tissue specimens, 18 (5.4%) did not show prostatitis, while 233 (70.4%) with benign prostate and 80 (24.2%) with malignant prostate disease showed prostatitis. Of 270 men with known serum PSA levels, 198 and 72 had benign and malignant prostate disease, respectively. Of the 198, 77 (41%) with benign prostate disease and prostatitis and of the 72, 52 (76%) with malignant prostate disease and prostatitis had serum PSA levels >10 ng/ml.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data showed that although raised serum PSA is more commonly associated with prostate cancer, subclinical prostatitis is a significant source of high serum PSA in over 40% of men in Kuwait. That local factors may obscure the usefulness of serum PSA as a screening tool suggests the need for a locally applicable paradigm to identify prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait. anim@hsc.edu.kw
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Anim
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Kehinde
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sheikh
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Mojiminiyi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Al-Awadi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006801:Humans; D007730:Kuwait / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011472:Prostatitis / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen