title: Dietary carotenoids and risk of colorectal cancer in a pooled analysis of 11 cohort studies.
abstract: Dietary carotenoids have been hypothesized to protect against epithelial cancers. The authors analyzed the associations between intakes of specific carotenoids (alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein + zeaxanthin, and lycopene) and risk of colorectal cancer using the primary data from 11 cohort studies carried out in North America and Europe. Carotenoid intakes were estimated from food frequency questionnaires administered at baseline in each study. During 6-20 years of follow-up between 1980 and 2003, 7,885 incident cases of colorectal cancer were diagnosed among 702,647 participants. The authors calculated study-specific multivariate relative risks and then combined them using a random-effects model. In general, intakes of specific carotenoids were not associated with colorectal cancer risk. The pooled multivariate relative risks of colorectal cancer comparing the highest quintile of intake with the lowest ranged from 0.92 for lutein + zeaxanthin to 1.04 for lycopene; only for lutein + zeaxanthin intake was the result borderline statistically significant (95% confidence interval: 0.84, 1.00). The associations observed were generally similar across studies, for both sexes, and for colon cancer and rectal cancer. These pooled data did not suggest that carotenoids play an important role in the etiology of colorectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Satu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Männistö
authors.forename: Shiaw-Shyuan
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yaun
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spiegelman
authors.forename: Hans-Olov
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Adami
authors.forename: Demetrius
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Albanes
authors.forename: Piet A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: van den Brandt
authors.forename: Julie E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Buring
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Cerhan
authors.forename: Graham A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Colditz
authors.forename: Jo L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Freudenheim
authors.forename: Charles S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giovannucci
authors.forename: R Alexandra
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Goldbohm
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Harnack
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leitzmann
authors.forename: Marjorie L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: McCullough
authors.forename: Anthony B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Rohan
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schatzkin
authors.forename: Jarmo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Virtamo
authors.forename: Walter C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Willett
authors.forename: Alicja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wolk
authors.forename: Shumin M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Stephanie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Smith-Warner
mesh_terms: D002338:Carotenoids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004032:Diet; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009656:North America / Q000453:epidemiology; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D002338:Carotenoids