title: Metformin reduces abortion in pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are considered to be at increased risk of miscarriage. Since metformin has beneficial effects on the risk factors contributing to first-trimester abortion in PCOS patients, we hypothesized that metformin - owing to its metabolic, endocrine, vascular and anti-inflammatory effects - may reduce the incidence of first-trimester abortion in PCOS women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort study was set up to determine the beneficial effects of metformin on PCOS patients during pregnancy. Two hundred non-diabetic PCOS patients were evaluated while undergoing assisted reproduction. One hundred and twenty patients became pregnant while taking metformin, and continued taking metformin at a dose of 1000-2000 mg daily throughout pregnancy. Eighty women who discontinued metformin use at the time of conception or during pregnancy comprised the control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both groups were similar with respect to all background characteristics (age, body mass index, waist/hip ratio, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels). Rates of early pregnancy loss in the metformin group were 11.6% compared with 36.3% in the control group (p < 0.0001; odds ratio = 0.23, 95% confidence interval 0.11-0.42).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administration of metformin throughout pregnancy to women with PCOS was associated with a marked and significant reduction in the rate of early pregnancy loss.
authors.affiliation: Misr International Infertility & IVF Center, Misr International Hospital, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Sherif
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khattab
authors.forename: Iman Abdel
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Mohsen
authors.forename: Ismail Aboul
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Foutouh
authors.forename: Ashraf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramadan
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moaz
authors.forename: Hesham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Al-Inany
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008687:Metformin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008687:Metformin