title: GIS habitat analysis for lesser prairie-chickens in southeastern New Mexico.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We conducted Geographic Information System (GIS) habitat analyses for lesser prairie-chicken (LPCH, Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) conservation planning. The 876,799 ha study area included most of the occupied habitat for the LPCH in New Mexico. The objectives were to identify and quantify: 1. suitable LPCH habitat in New Mexico, 2. conversion of native habitats, 3. potential for habitat restoration, and 4. unsuitable habitat available for oil and gas activities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found 16% of suitable habitat (6% of the study area) distributed in 13 patches of at least 3,200 ha and 11% of suitable habitat (4% of the study area) distributed in four patches over 7,238 ha. The area converted from native vegetation types comprised 17% of the study area. Ninety-five percent of agricultural conversion occurred on private lands in the northeastern corner of the study area. Most known herbicide-related conversions (82%) occurred in rangelands in the western part of the study area, on lands managed primarily by the US Bureau of Land Management (BLM). We identified 88,190 ha (10% of the study area) of habitats with reasonable restoration potential. Sixty-two percent of the primary population area (PPA) contained occupied, suitable, or potentially suitable habitat, leaving 38% that could be considered for oil and gas development.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although suitable LPCH habitat appears at first glance to be abundant in southeastern New Mexico, only a fraction of apparently suitable vegetation types constitute quality habitat. However, we identified habitat patches that could be restored through mesquite control or shin-oak reintroduction. The analysis also identified areas of unsuitable habitat with low restoration potential that could be targeted for oil and gas exploration, in lieu of occupied, high-quality habitats. Used in combination with GIS analysis and current LPCH population data, the habitat map represents a powerful conservation and management tool.
authors.affiliation: Natural Heritage New Mexico, University of New Mexico, Biology Department, MSC03 2020, 167 Castetter Hall, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA. kjohnson@unm.edu
authors.forename: Kristine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Teri B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Neville
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Neville
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D017753:Ecosystem; D046094:Galliformes; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D006540:Herbicides; D009516:New Mexico
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides