title: Adjuvant chemotherapy followed by goserelin compared with either modality alone: the impact on amenorrhea, hot flashes, and quality of life in premenopausal patients--the International Breast Cancer Study Group Trial VIII.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this article is to compare quality of life (QOL) and menopausal symptoms among premenopausal patients with lymph node-negative breast cancer receiving chemotherapy, goserelin, or their sequential combination, and to investigate differential effects by age.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated QOL data from 874 pre- and perimenopausal women with lymph node-negative breast cancer who were randomly assigned to receive six courses of classical cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF) chemotherapy, ovarian suppression with goserelin for 24 months, or six courses of classical CMF followed by 18 months of goserelin. We report QOL data collected during 3 years after random assignment in patients without disease recurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, patients receiving goserelin alone showed a marked improvement or less deterioration in QOL measures over the first 6 months than those patients treated with CMF. There were no differences at 3 years after random assignment according to treatment except for hot flashes. As reflected in the hot flashes scores, patients in all three treatment groups experienced induced amenorrhea, but the onset of ovarian function suppression was slightly delayed for patients receiving chemotherapy. Younger patients (< 40 years) who received goserelin alone returned to their premenopausal status at 6 months after the cessation of therapy, while those who received CMF showed marginal changes from their baseline hot flashes scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Age-adjusted risk profiles that consider patient-reported outcomes enable patients to adapt to their disease and treatment, such as considering the trade-offs between delayed endocrine symptoms, but higher risk of permanent menopause with chemotherapy, and immediate but reversible endocrine symptoms with goserelin, in younger premenopausal patients.
authors.affiliation: International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG), Bern, Switzerland. juerg.bernhard@ibcsg.org
authors.forename: Jürg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bernhard
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zahrieh
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castiglione-Gertsch
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hürny
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Gelber
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Forbes
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aebi
authors.forename: Beat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thürlimann
authors.forename: Karen N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: Aron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goldhirsch
authors.forename: Alan S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Coates
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000568:Amenorrhea / Q000139:chemically induced; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017273:Goserelin / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019584:Hot Flashes / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D017697:Premenopause; D011788:Quality of Life; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D017273:Goserelin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D005472:Fluorouracil; D008727:Methotrexate