title: The usefulness of clinical indexes in the evaluation of cardiovascular risk in non cardiac surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The preoperative cardiac evaluation of a patient who undergoes noncardiac surgery is a very important problem, particularly for diagnostic tools used. Aim of this study is to test the usefulness of 4 most used clinical indexes for the evaluation of cardiovascular risk in the management of patients who undergo noncardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study is based on a retrospective analysis of a group of 45 patients, who underwent extracardiac surgery in biennium 2002-2004. The cardiovascular risk scores of Goldman, Detsky, Lee and Eagle were used; a comparison among the different scores was done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six out of our 45 patients had perioperative cardiovascular complications, and 4 of them died. The Eagle and Lee scores were more predictive than Goldman and Detsky ones. About the 13 echocardiographic tests recorded, no one of them modified the patient preoperative risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the preoperative assessment of risk, the Eagle score was more useful than the others ones and improved the negative predictive value of the Goldman and Detsky scores. The preventive application of the clinical indexes allows optimizing the preoperative stratification of the risk, limiting the request of useless examinations and offering to the patient a well appropriated preoperative management, reducing the incidence of complications.
authors.affiliation: Operative Unit of Cardiology, Azienda Policlinico, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Caruso
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Capodanno
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Giannone
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giannazzo
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Monte
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nigro
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sorrentino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000592:standards*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000009:adverse effects*