title: The use of hypnosis to improve pain management during voluntary interruption of pregnancy: an open randomized preliminary study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This report describes an open randomized study that aims to determine whether a brief hypnotic intervention during first-trimester surgical abortion reduces requests for pain medication.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty women undergoing first-trimester surgical abortion at the family planning clinics of a large hospital in Quebec City were randomized into a control group that received standard care and a hypnosis group that received, in addition to standard care, an intervention of hypnosis, including analgesia suggestions 20 min before and throughout the surgical procedure. Patients in both groups were given the option to control their pain with nitrous oxide (N(2)O) sedation administered through a nose mask as often and for as long as they wanted during the procedure. N(2)O sedation as the primary outcome was assessed at each step of the procedure. The patient's self-reported anxiety and pain were also assessed during the procedure as secondary outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-six percent of patients in the hypnosis group requested N(2)O sedation during the procedure versus 87% in the control group (p<.01). No differences between the groups were found in reports of pain and anxiety during the procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that hypnosis can be integrated into standard care and reduces the need for N(2)O in patients undergoing first-trimester surgical abortion. This reduction in N(2)O consumption did not lead to significant changes in pain or anxiety, and a larger sample size is required to assess the possible effects of hypnosis on those variables.
authors.affiliation: Chaire Lucie et André Chagnon pour l'Avancement d'Une approche intégrée en santé, Hôpital St-François d'Assise, CHUQ, Université Laval, Quebec City, PQ, Canada.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Marc
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rainville
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Verreault
authors.forename: Lucie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vaillancourt
authors.forename: Benoît
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Masse
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dodin
mesh_terms: D000028:Abortion, Induced / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control; D004107:Dilatation and Curettage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006990:Hypnosis / Q000379:methods*; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D059408:Pain Management; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011247:Pregnancy; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000517:prevention & control; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009609:Nitrous Oxide