title: Immunosuppression based on mycophenolate mofetil in stable liver transplanted patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze our results with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in stable liver transplantation (LT) patients presenting with adverse events (AE) related to prolonged use of calcineurin inhibitors (CNI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Conversion to MMF was performed in 56 out of 323 LT patients from 91-02: 24 (43%) were converted to MMF in monotherapy and 32 (57%) to MMF+low doses of CNI. The indication for conversion was chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) in all patients. The mean time between AE and conversion was 38.7+/-30 months (r: 2-101 m). Post-conversion follow-up was 39+/-20 months (r: 3-72 m).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The calculated creatinine clearance (Crauckoft), improved significantly in all patients. In those converted to MMF, improvement was seen during the first 18 months for urea and during the first 6 months for creatinine. In patients converted to MMF+CNI, improvement was maintained throughout the conversion period for both urea and creatinine. Eleven (19.6%) patients underwent acute rejection (2 severe episodes in the MMF group and 1 death). Hypertension was present in 31 patients but only improved in 4 (7%). Dyslipemia was found in 12 and improved in 4 (7%). DM was present in 14 and improved in 1 (2%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conversion to MMF in monotherapy is useful in stable LT patients with CRI due to CNI, although this result is offset by more severe rejections. Therefore, for AE secondary to CNI, we propose an early conversion to MMF+low doses of CNI as a first step. If liver function remains stable and AEs persist or progress, conversion to MMF in monotherapy is recommended, as a second step, with close monitoring of the patient.
authors.affiliation: Liver Transplantation Unit of the Department of General Surgery, Hospital Vall Hebrón, Universidad Autónoma Barcelona, Spain. ibilbao@vhebron.net <ibilbao@vhebron.net>
authors.forename: Itxarone
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bilbao
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Castells
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rojas
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cancino
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dopazo
authors.forename: Ernest
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Leonor
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pou
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Andino
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Margarit
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D014508:Urea; D003404:Creatinine; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid