title: Concerted escalation of dose and dosing duration in a phase I study of the oral camptothecin gimatecan (ST1481) in patients with advanced solid tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gimatecan is an orally bioavailable camptothecin analogue with preclinical findings of promising antitumor activity. A phase I design of concerted dose escalation and dosing duration was implemented to assess the potential schedule dependency of tolerability that emerged from animal studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gimatecan was given daily for five consecutive days per week for 1, 2 or 3 weeks every 28 days. Plasma levels of total gimatecan were measured on the first and the last day of treatment in each schedule.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 108 patients were treated with 0.8-7.2 mg/m(2) of gimatecan per cycle. The main toxicity was myelosuppression with dose-limiting thrombocytopenia. In the 1-, 2- and 3-week schedule, the maximum tolerated doses were 4.5, 5.6 and 6.4 mg/m(2). Diarrhea and asthenia were of low grade and of minor clinical relevance, while the higher incidence of nausea and vomiting in the 1-week schedule required the use of antiemetic prophylaxis. Due to the prolonged half-life (approximately 77 h), the plasma concentration of gimatecan increased from the first to the last day of dosing. Six partial responses were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tolerability of gimatecan was schedule dependent. Further testing with schedules taking into account its long persistence in human plasma is worthwhile.
authors.affiliation: Istituto Oncologico della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sessa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cresta
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cerny
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baselga
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rota Caremoli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malossi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Trigo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zucchetti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D'Incalci
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zaniboni
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Capri
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gatti
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carminati
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zanna
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marsoni
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gianni
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002166:Camptothecin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; C433984:ST 1481; D002166:Camptothecin