title: Treating experimentally induced vibriosis (Listonella anguillarum) in cod, Gadus morhua L., with florfenicol.
abstract: This study was performed to determine the efficacy of orally administered florfenicol in the treatment of experimentally induced vibriosis (Listonella anguillarum) in cod, Gadus morhua. The L. anguillarum strain HI-610 was used. This strain has a minimal inhibitory concentration value of 0.5 mg L(-1) against florfenicol. Fifteen groups of 40 fish each were challenged by bath with 1.7 x 10(5) CFU mL(-1) for 1 h. Three days following challenge, medication with florfenicol was introduced in 12 of the groups. The dosages used were 10 mg kg(-1) day(-1) for 10 consecutive days in marine or salmonid pellets, 10 mg kg(-1) day(-1) for five consecutive days in marine pellets or administered at days 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 following initiation of treatment. Among challenged unmedicated fish mortality started at day 3 post-challenge reaching a final cumulative mortality of 77% at day 15. The experiment was terminated at day 26. In the medicated groups, the majority of deaths occurred from days 3-7 post-challenge reaching final cumulative mortalities of 31% and 52%, respectively, for the fish given marine and salmonid pellets for 10 consecutive days. The fish treated with medicated marine pellets for five consecutive days and at days 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 (sequential feeding) following initiation of treatment had cumulative mortalities of 52% and 38%, respectively. Survival of medicated fish in all groups was significantly (P < 0.005) greater than survival of challenged unmedicated fish. Furthermore, a significant difference (P < 0.001) in survival was found between fish treated for 10 consecutive days using marine pellets and the groups using marine pellets for five consecutive days and salmonid pellets for 10 consecutive days. Twenty four hours following last medication, six fish had mean plasma concentrations of 3.3 +/- 1.7 and 3.5 +/- 2.8 microg mL(-1), respectively, in fish treated for 10 consecutive days using marine and salmonid pellets. Corresponding values for fish treated for five consecutive days and by sequential feeding were 2.2 +/- 2.3 and 1.7 +/- 0.7 microg mL(-1), respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Seljestokken
authors.forename: Ø
authors.initials: Ø
authors.lastname: Bergh
authors.forename: G O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Melingen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rudra
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hetlelid Olsen
authors.forename: O B
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: Samuelsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D048389:Gadus morhua; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D053526:Listonella; D013839:Thiamphenicol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; C035534:florfenicol; D013839:Thiamphenicol