title: The PTGDR gene is not associated with asthma in 3 ethnically diverse populations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prostanoid DP receptor (PTGDR) gene on chromosome 14q22.1 has been identified as an asthma susceptibility gene. A haplotype with decreased transcription factor binding and transcription efficiency was associated with decreased asthma susceptibility in African American and white subjects. The significance of PTGDR gene variants in asthma has yet to be determined in Latinos, the largest US minority population, nor has the association been replicated in other populations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the role of PTGDR gene variants in asthma susceptibility and asthma-related traits among the Mexican, Puerto Rican, and African American populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes in PTGDR were associated with asthma and asthma-related traits by family-based and cross-sectional cohort analyses in 336 Puerto Rican and 273 Mexican asthmatic trios and by case-control analysis among African American subjects with asthma and healthy controls (n = 352).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 13 SNPs in the PTGDR gene, and 6 were further analyzed. There was no significant association between PTGDR variants and asthma by family-based or case-control analyses. SNPs -441C and -197C and haplotype TTT showed marginal association with asthma-related traits in Mexican subjects. SNP -441 genotype TT (P = .05) and haplotype TTT (P = .02) were associated with increased IgE levels in African Americans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the PTGDR gene is not a significant risk factor for asthma among Puerto Ricans, Mexicans, or African Americans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Asthma candidate genes provide insights to pathophysiology and potentially new therapeutic targets, although the PTGDR gene was not found to be a significant risk factor for asthma in 3 populations.
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-2911, USA.
authors.forename: Yuhjung J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Shweta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Choudhry
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kho
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Beckman
authors.forename: Hui-Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matallana
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Craig M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lilly
authors.forename: Sylvette
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nazario
authors.forename: Jose R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Santana
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Casal
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salas
authors.forename: Rocio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chapela
authors.forename: H George
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Kelley
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Meade
authors.forename: Pedro C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Avila
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Cintron
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: LeNoir
authors.forename: Esteban González
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Burchard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D001249:Asthma / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002883:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14 / Q000235:genetics; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006239:Haplotypes; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017058:Mexican Americans; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011647:Puerto Rico / Q000208:ethnology; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000235:genetics*; D011982:Receptors, Prostaglandin / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D011982:Receptors, Prostaglandin; C036293:prostaglandin D2 receptor