title: WAGR syndrome: is the 'R' always justified?
abstract: Although mild-to-moderate intellectual disability is usually considered part of WAGR syndrome (Wilms' tumour (WT), Aniridia, Genital abnormalities, and metal Retardation, due to 11p13 deletion) the neuropsychological profile of the syndrome is little reported in the literature. We report about a 12-year-old boy presenting with WAGR syndrome (WT, right complete aniridia, bilateral cryptorchidism, interstitial deletion involving band 11p13) but with no mental retardation. An in-depth clinical evaluation revealed no behavioural or social problems and the child's neuropsychological profile was found to be within the normal range for all abilities and functions investigated (with the exception of an impulsive cognitive style and some difficulties in academic skills). This case underlines the importance of in-depth neuropsychological evaluation that includes not only IQ measurement, but also examination of attention and academic skills, in order to establish the complete phenotypical profile of WAGR patients, rather than labelling them as learning disabled (i.e. mental retardation).
authors.affiliation: Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Insubria and Ospedale Fondazione Macchi, Varese Department of Paediatric Surgery, University of Pavia and IRCCS Policlinico 'S. Matteo' Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pavia and IRCCS 'C. Mondino', Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristiano
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Termine
authors.forename: Gian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Parigi
authors.forename: Maura
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Piero
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Balottin
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D017624:WAGR Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology