title: Effects of different cardioplegic solutions on nitric oxide release from coronary vasculature in diabetic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two different cardioplegic solutions on nitric oxide (NO) release from coronary vasculature in patients with type II diabetes mellitus undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients undergoing elective CABG surgery were randomized to be given crystalloid (Group 1) or blood (Group 2) cardioplegia. Aortic and coronary sinus blood samples were taken at three different time periods and the release of NO from the coronary vasculature was determined by measuring its stable end-products, nitrite and nitrate. The difference between the aortic and coronary sinus concentrations of nitrite and nitrate represents the amount of NO released by coronary vascular bed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before application of aortic cross-clamp, at T1 period, the levels of nitrite/nitrate from the coronary vasculature were similar in both groups (6.53+/-1.21 microM vs 6.07+/-1.24 microM , p>0.05). However after the removal of cross-clamp, a significant decrease in NO was observed in Group 1 as compared with Group 2 (4.21+/-0.73 microM vs 4.92+/-1.02 microM, p<0.01) . This decrease persisted at T3 period, after 30 minutes of reperfusion in group 1 being significantly different from group 2 (3.86+/-0.49 vs 4.37+/-0.72 microM, p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has shown that in patients with type II diabetes mellitus crystalloid cardioplegia causes a decrease in the release of NO from coronary vascular bed during aortic cross-clamp and reperfusion period whereas more physiologic blood cardioplegia did not. Our findings indicate that blood cardioplegia protects endothelial function better than crystalloid cardioplegia in diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia, Anadolu Health Center, Izmit, Turkey. pelus72@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Pelin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Karaca
authors.forename: Nurgül
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yurtseven
authors.forename: Yavuz
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Enç
authors.forename: Tamer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aksoy
authors.forename: Onur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sokullu
authors.forename: Fuat
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bilgen
authors.forename: Sevim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Canik
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions; D009569:Nitric Oxide