title: Airway humidification with a heat and moisture exchanger in mechanically ventilated neonates : a preliminary evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We set out to evaluate the efficacy of passive inspiratory gas conditioning in mechanically ventilated neonates and compared it with that of a heated humidifier (HH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neonatal and pediatric intensive care unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen mechanically ventilated neonates nursed in incubators.
  
  
  METHODS
  The HH was set to deliver a temperature of 37 degrees C and an absolute humidity of 40 mgH(2)O/l at the incubator entrance. Inspired temperature (T degrees ) and absolute humidity (AH) were measured by the psychometric method, transpulmonary pressure (Tpres) by means of a differential pressure transducer. Measurements were performed at 5, 10, and 15 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The values of T degrees were significantly higher using the HH (34.6+/-1.6 degrees C) than the heat and moisture exchanger (HME) (33.8+/2.3, p<0.001). The values of AH were significantly higher using the HH (36.6+/-2.5 mgH(2)O/l) than the HME (32.4+/-2.8 mgH(2)O/l, p<0.001). No significant changes were observed in transpulmonary pressure. A significant positive correlation was observed between incubator temperature and the temperature delivered by the HH (R(2)=0.61, p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of HMEs in neonates made it possible to achieve an absolute humidity of 28 mgH(2)O/l or more and a temperature of 30 degrees C or more. Higher values are obtained using a HH.
authors.affiliation: Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Hôpital Nord, Boulevard Pierre Dramard, 13915, Marseille Cedex 20, France.
authors.forename: Mikaïla
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fassassi
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thomachot
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nicaise
authors.forename: Renaud
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vialet
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jammes
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lagier
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D007186:Incubators, Infant; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000628:therapy*