title: Intradiscal thermal annuloplasty for discogenic pain: an outcome study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Published studies of intradiscal thermal annuloplasty (IDTA) have shown at most 50% pain relief as an improved outcome with little focus on functional improvement in the treatment of discogenic pain. Previous studies have used a number of criteria for patient selection including low back pain unresponsive to conservative care, no compressive radiculopathy, positive provocative discography and absence of previous surgery at the same symptomatic level. The purpose of present study is to examine the hypothesis that additional inclusion criteria for patient selection such as disc height, absence of degenerative disc disease (DDD) in untreated discs, absence of herniated nucleus pulposus or lumbar canal stenosis may improve the outcome of treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective case-series study additional criteria of patient selection were introduced, namely disc height of at least 50%, no lumbar canal stenosis, one or two levels of DDD, no evidence of nucleus pulposus herniation on magnetic resonance image. Thirty-four patients were enrolled in the study and 32 of them were followed over a period of 12 months. The visual analog scale (VAS) pain score and seven activities of daily living (ADLs) were followed and reported on a scale from 0 to 10.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sustained decrease of the VAS pain scores was observed from 3 to 12 months following IDTA. ADLs improved in all patients between 3 and 12 months post-treatment. Patients in the Bureau of Workers Compensation (BWC) group had a higher VAS score but showed the same level of improvement in ADLs as compared to commercial insurance or self-pay patients. In the non-BWC patient group an average VAS pain score decrease of more than 6 points on a 10-point scale was reported at 6 to 12 months following IDTA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found dramatic improvement of pain scores and ADLs following IDTA when strict patient selection was applied. We believe that IDTA is an effective, minimally invasive treatment for discogenic pain in properly selected patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pain Management, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. 5mekhain@ccf.org
authors.forename: Nagy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mekhail
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kapural