title: Tissue distribution of endothelial cells in vivo following intravenous injection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent studies have suggested that endothelial cells derived from circulating endothelial progenitors can be used as carriers for cell-based therapy. However, the in vivo homing properties of mature endothelial cells are still unclear. In this paper, we studied the kinetics and specificity of endothelial homing to sites of angiogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The kinetics of the distribution of endothelial cells in mice following intravenous injection of 3H-thymidine-labeled microvascular endothelial cells were examined. To detect the homing of viable and apoptotic endothelial cells, GFP-labeled microvascular endothelial cells were injected intravenously in immunodeficient mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed that endothelial cells injected intravenously transit rapidly through the lungs, but do not home specifically to any organ. We did not observe specific accumulation of endothelial cells in subcutaneously implanted tumors following intravenous injection. Rare GFP-labeled endothelial cells were observed in the proximity of tumor blood vessels. However, similar findings were seen when GFP-labeled apoptotic endothelial cells were injected intravenously.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that integration of mature endothelial cells to the vasculature is a rare event and that engulfment of apoptotic bodies, independent of nuclear fusion, may be misinterpreted as cell plasticity, and care should be taken in the interpretation of such findings.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medical Biophysics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Larrivée
authors.forename: Peggy L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Olive
authors.forename: Aly
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karsan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000637:transplantation*; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009928:Organ Specificity; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous