title: Cross-protection against homologous drift variants of influenza A and B after vaccination with split vaccine.
abstract: The aim of this serological study was to demonstrate the extent to which antibodies react against subsequent drift variants, after vaccination with split vaccine (Fluarix). Antibody titers have been determined by hemagglutination inhibition test (HI) against different influenza A and B drift variants in sera from three past multicenter trials. Individuals of two different age groups, i.e. 18-60 years and above 60 years, were enrolled. Vaccine components influenza A/H1N1 and influenza B of Fluarix show a high degree of cross immunogenicity against subsequent homologous drift variants. The genetically more variable component influenza A/H3N2 shows somewhat lower protection rates. High levels of cross immunogenicity were found between the variants of influenza A/Panama/2007/99 (H3N2) and influenza A/Wyoming/3/2003 (H3N2). The results demonstrate that in situations where drift variants emerge too late to be included in the influenza vaccine formulation, the cross-protection conferred must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.
authors.affiliation: Niedersächsisches Landesgesundheitsamt, Hannover, Germany. Rolf.Heckler@nlga.niedersachsen.de
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heckler
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baillot
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Engelmann
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Neumeier
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Windorfer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D000940:Antigenic Variation; D003429:Cross Reactions; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D009981:Influenza B virus / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D008875:Middle Aged; D014611:Vaccination; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; C510903:fluarix