title: The emerging amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis globally infects introduced populations of the North American bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana.
abstract: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is the chytridiomycete fungus which has been implicated in global amphibian declines and numerous species extinctions. Here, we show that introduced North American bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) consistently carry this emerging pathogenic fungus. We detected infections by this fungus on introduced bullfrogs from seven of eight countries using both PCR and microscopic techniques. Only native bullfrogs from eastern Canada and introduced bullfrogs from Japan showed no sign of infection. The bullfrog is the most commonly farmed amphibian, and escapes and subsequent establishment of feral populations regularly occur. These factors taken together with our study suggest that the global threat of B. dendrobatidis disease transmission posed by bullfrogs is significant.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK. trent.garner@ioz.ac.uk
authors.forename: Trenton W J
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Garner
authors.forename: Matthew W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.forename: Purnima
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Govindarajulu
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Seglie
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Andrew A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: Matthew C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Fisher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002170:Canada; D008411:Chytridiomycota / Q000378:metabolism*; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D007564:Japan; D008954:Models, Biological; D009181:Mycoses / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011892:Rana catesbeiana / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers