title: Therapeutic targets and potential of the novel brain- permeable multifunctional iron chelator-monoamine oxidase inhibitor drug, M-30, for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: Novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders comprise drug candidates designed specifically to act on multiple CNS targets. We have synthesized a multifunctional non-toxic, brain permeable iron chelator drug, M-30, possessing propargyl monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory neuroprotective and iron-chelating moieties, from our prototype iron chelator VK-28. In the present study M-30 was shown to possess a wide range of pharmacological activities, including pro-survival neurorescue effects, induction of neuronal differentiation and regulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and beta-amyloid (Abeta) levels. M-30 was found to decrease apoptosis of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells in a neurorescue, serum deprivation model, via reduction of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bad and Bax, and inhibition of the apoptosis-associated phosphorylated H2A.X protein (Ser 139) and caspase 3 activation. In addition, M-30 induced the outgrowth of neurites, triggered cell cycle arrest in G(0)/G(1) phase and enhanced the expression of growth associated protein-43. Furthermore, M-30 markedly reduced the levels of cellular APP and beta-C-terminal fragment (beta-CTF) and the levels of the amyloidogenic Abeta peptide in the medium of SH-SY5Y cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells stably transfected with the APP 'Swedish' mutation. Levels of the non-amyloidogenic soluble APPalpha and alpha-CTF in the medium and cell lysate respectively were coordinately increased. These properties, together with its brain selective MAO inhibitory and propargylamine- dependent neuroprotective effects, suggest that M-30 might serve as an ideal drug for neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, in which oxidative stress and iron dysregulation have been implicated.
authors.affiliation: Eve Topf Centers of Excellence, Technion-Rappaport Family Faculty of Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Yael
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Avramovich-Tirosh
authors.forename: Tamar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Amit
authors.forename: Orit
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bar-Am
authors.forename: Hailin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Mati
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fridkin
authors.forename: Moussa B H
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Youdim
mesh_terms: D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000378:metabolism*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D019922:GAP-43 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006912:Hydroxyquinolines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D047468:Immunoprecipitation / Q000379:methods; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling / Q000379:methods; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009443:Neuritis / Q000188:drug therapy; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000473:pathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C517687:5-(N-methyl-N-propargylaminomethyl)-8-hydroxyquinoline; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D019922:GAP-43 Protein; D006912:Hydroxyquinolines; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein; D053148:Caspase 3