title: Immunohistochemical and mutational analysis of PDGF and PDGFR in desmoid tumours: is there a role for tyrosine kinase inhibitors in c-kit-negative desmoid tumours?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) alpha and beta status of desmoid tumours. Desmoid tumours are rare monoclonal neoplasms that appear to have no metastatic potential. Surgical resection and radiotherapy in the event of a positive surgical margin is the first-line treatment. Recurrences are frequent. Treatment results using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, anti-oestrogen compounds and other agents such as Imatinib mesylate have been published. Therapy with Imatinib has been proposed as a therapeutic option, although in most reports desmoid tumours are reported to be c-kit-.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We performed immunohistochemical analysis on 124 archived samples (85 patients) of desmoid tumours using antibodies to PDGFalpha, PDGFbeta, PDGFRalpha and PDGFRbeta. All desmoid tumours showed immunoreactivity with antibodies to PDGFalpha and PDGFRalpha, whereas with antibodies to PDGFbeta and PDGFRbeta no specific reaction could be detected. Mutational analysis of PDGFRalpha (exons 11, 12, 17 and 18) and PDGFRbeta (exon 12) on frozen material from 14 patients was performed, but no mutations leading to amino acid changes in the mature protein were identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The absence of an activating mutation in a protooncogene does not exclude the efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors through other possible mechanisms, and these might be a therapeutic option for patients with desmoid tumours in whom established local and systemic approaches fail to control the disease.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria. bernadette.liegl@klinikum-graz.at
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liegl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leithner
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bauernhofer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Windhager
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guelly
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Regauer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beham
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D018221:Fibromatosis, Abdominal / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000378:metabolism*; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020796:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D020797:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D017479:Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; C075278:platelet-derived growth factor A; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit; D020796:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha; D020797:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta; D017479:Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor