title: Effect of clopidogrel on the inflammatory progression of early atherosclerosis in rabbits model.
abstract: Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory response of the arterial wall to 'injury', which is prominently driven by inflammatory factors. Clopidogrel reduces early atherosclerosis, however, the role of clopidogrel in modulating inflammatory progression of atherosclerosis is less investigated. We wished to determine the effect of clopidogrel on progression of established atherosclerosis, vascular inflammatory factors and compared with that of aspirin and atorvastatin. Fifty male New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits were divided into five groups randomly including negative group. The rabbits were fed with a normal diet or a high cholesterol diet for 7 weeks. The right iliac artery of animals except negative group were balloon injured 1 week after initiation of the diet, then animals were treated with clopidogrel (4 mg/kg/day), aspirin (12 mg/kg/day), atorvastatin (2.5mg/kg/day) or placebo for 6 weeks. At the end of the study, the placebo (positive) group had significant progression of atherosclerosis compared with negative group. In contrast, clopidogrel, aspirin or atorvastatin treated rabbits showed a significant reduction in progression of atherosclerosis and decreased the levels of P-selection, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in serum and vascular wall. Among three drugs, the action of clopidogrel is the most powerful in decreasing the levels of inflammatory factors. These results suggest that in a rabbit atherosclerosis model, clopidogrel retards the progression of established lesions and that this effect is paralleled by a suppression of inflammatory factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, PR China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yijing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hongsheng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Yuanchao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xinglei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001241:Aspirin / Q000494:pharmacology; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000187:drug effects; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D004036:Diet, Atherogenic; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D006538:Heptanoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000187:drug effects; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000494:pharmacology; D011817:Rabbits; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D006538:Heptanoic Acids; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D019007:P-Selectin; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D011758:Pyrroles; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine; D001241:Aspirin