title: Glucose and lipid metabolism in small-for-gestational-age infants at 72 hours of age.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reduced birth weight is associated with increased risk for the insulin resistance syndrome. Part of this risk is hypothesized to originate from intrauterine growth retardation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to determine whether or not the components of the insulin resistance syndrome are associated with reduced fetal growth.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in Beijing, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Included in this study were 296 singleton neonates (177 males and 119 females), including 76 (37 preterm and 39 full-term newborns) classified as small for gestational age (SGA) and 220 who were appropriate for gestational age (AGA) (84 preterm and 136 full-term newborns).
  
  
  METHODS
  The main outcome measures were postabsorptive glucose, insulin, and lipids levels on the third day after birth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both full-term and preterm SGA neonates had higher insulin concentrations (mean +/- SEM, 17.11 +/- 1.15 vs.6.80 +/- 0.62 microIU/ml in full-term, P < 0.01; 11.99 +/- 1.18 vs.8.37 +/- 0.78 microIU/ml in preterm, P = 0.03), insulin to glucose ratios (4.48 +/- 0.37 vs. 1.78 +/- 0.20 in full-term, P < 0.01; 3.28 +/- 0.38 vs. 2.30 +/- 0.26 in preterm, P = 0.03), triglycerides (2.29 +/- 0.23 vs.1.57 +/- 0.13 mmol/liter in full-term, P < 0.01; 2.27 +/- 0.16 vs. 1.34 +/- 0.11 mmol/liter in preterm, P < 0.01), total cholesterol (2.35 +/- 0.12 vs. 1.82 +/- 0.22 mmol/liter in full-term, P = 0.04; 2.57 +/- 0.22 vs. 1.95 +/- 0.15 mmol/liter in preterm, P = 0.02), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (2.11 +/- 0.58 vs. 1.24 +/- 0.61 mmol/liter in full-term, P = 0.01; 1.87 +/- 0.60 vs. 1.38 +/- 0.59 mmol/liter in preterm, P < 0.01) concentrations than did AGA neonates; however, they had similar glucose levels. Among AGA infants, insulin concentration, insulin to glucose ratios, and lipids levels did not significantly differ between full-term and preterm babies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, SGA neonates displayed profiles suggestive of lower insulin sensitivity and less favorable lipid metabolism in the early postnatal period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China. Xinli_Wang1217@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Xinli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yunpu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Xiaomei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Hongmao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000378:metabolism*; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides