title: Enhanced long-term synaptic depression in an animal model of depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A growing body of evidence suggests a disturbance of brain plasticity in major depression. In contrast to hippocampal neurogenesis, much less is known about the role of synaptic plasticity. Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) regulate the strength of synaptic transmission and the formation of new synapses in many neural networks. Therefore, we examined the modulation of synaptic plasticity in the chronic mild stress animal model of depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult rats were exposed to mild and unpredictable stressors for 3 weeks. Thereafter, long-term synaptic plasticity was examined in the hippocampal CA1 region by whole-cell patch clamp measurements in brain slices. Neurogenesis was assessed by doublecortin immunostaining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure to chronic mild stress facilitated LTD and had no effect on LTP. Chronic application of the antidepressant fluvoxamine during the stress protocol prevented the facilitation of LTD and increased the extent of LTP induction. Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus was impaired after chronic stress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to neurogenesis, long-term synaptic plasticity is an important and ubiquitous form of brain plasticity that is disturbed in an animal model of depression. Facilitated depression of synaptic transmission might impair function and structure of brain circuits involved in the pathophysiology of major depression. Antidepressants might counteract these alterations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Holderbach
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Moreau
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bischofberger
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Normann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002908:Chronic Disease; D018891:Dentate Gyrus / Q000502:physiology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000089662:Doublecortin Protein; D016666:Fluvoxamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000503:physiopathology; D017774:Long-Term Potentiation / Q000502:physiology; D036881:Long-Term Synaptic Depression / Q000502:physiology*; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C000714848:Dcx protein, rat; D000089662:Doublecortin Protein; D016666:Fluvoxamine