[Nuclear organization and expression of milk protein genes].
Milk protein gene expression varies during the pregnancy/lactation cycle under the influence of lactogenic hormones which induce the activation of several transcription factors. Beyond this activation modifying the binding properties of these factors to their consensus sequences, their interactions with DNA is regulated by variations of the chromatin structure. In the nuclei of the mammary epithelial cell, the three dimensional organisation of the chromatin loops, located between matrix attachment regions, is now being studied. The main milk components are organised in supramolecular structures. Milk fat globules are made of a triglyceride core enwrapped by a tripartite membrane originating from various intracellular compartments. The caseins, the main milk proteins, form aggregates: the casein micelles. Their gradual aggregation in the secretory pathway is initiated as soon as from the endoplasmic reticulum. The mesostructures of the milk fat globule and of the casein micelle remain to be elucidated. Our goal is to make some progress into the understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the formation of these milk products.
Chanat
Eric
E
Unité Génomique et Physiologie de la Lactation, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Domaine de Vilvert, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France. eric.chanat@jouy.inra.fr
Aujean
Etienne
E
Balteanu
Adrian
A
Chat
Sophie
S
Coant
Nicolas
N
Fontaine
Marie-Louise
ML
Hue-Beauvais
Cathy
C
Péchoux
Christine
C
Torbati
Mohammad Bagher Montazer
MB
Pauloin
Alain
A
Petitbarat
Marie
M
Devinoy
Eve
E
D000818:Animals; D001940:Breast / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D002364:Caseins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D002417:Cattle; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003553:Cystine / Q000502:physiology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D005809:Genes, Regulator; D006017:Glycolipids / Q000378:metabolism; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006728:Hormones / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D007774:Lactation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D066292:Lipid Droplets; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008823:Micelles; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D015530:Nuclear Matrix / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011817:Rabbits; D058261:Receptor Activity-Modifying Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism
D002364:Caseins; D002843:Chromatin; D006017:Glycolipids; D006023:Glycoproteins; D006728:Hormones; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008823:Micelles; D008894:Milk Proteins; D058261:Receptor Activity-Modifying Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014280:Triglycerides; C110367:milk fat globule; C024471:whey acidic proteins; D003553:Cystine