title: Pulmonary MR perfusion at 3.0 Tesla using a blood pool contrast agent: Initial results in a swine model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively evaluate the technical feasibility of a highly accelerated pulmonary MR perfusion protocol at 3.0T using a blood pool contrast agent in a swine model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve pigs underwent time-resolved pulmonary MR angiography (MRA) on a 3.0T MR system under anesthesia and controlled mechanical ventilation. After intravenous injection of 0.05 mmol/kg of Gadomer-17 at 4 mL/second, a fast time-resolved MRA sequence with temporal echo-sharing (three segmented k-space) and highly accelerated parallel acquisition was used to acquire 3D data sets with an in-plane resolution of 1 x 1 mm(2) (slice thickness = 6 mm) and temporal resolution of one second. Image quality was evaluated independently by two radiologists, and quantitative analysis of perfusion parameters was performed using pre-released perfusion software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All studies were identified by both readers as having diagnostic image quality (range = 2-3, median = 3) and there was excellent interobserver agreement (kappa = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.83, 0.95). A quantitative analysis of perfusion indices was performed, with excellent overall goodness-of-fit (chi(2) value = 1.4, degree of freedom (DF) = 1). Successfully derived perfusion parameters included the time to peak (TTP, 5.1 +/- 0.7 second), mean transit time (MTT, 6.6 +/- 0.9 second), maximal signal intensity (MSI, 1051.2 +/- 718.9 arbitrary units [A.U.]), and maximal upslope of the curve (MUS, 375.9 +/- 263.4 A.U./second).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  3.0T pulmonary MR perfusion using a blood pool contrast agent in a swine model is feasible. The higher available signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at 3.0T and the high T1 relaxivity of Gadomer-17 effectively support highly accelerated parallel acquisition, and improve the performance of time-resolved pulmonary MRA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-7206, USA. nkambiz@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Kambiz
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nael
authors.forename: Roya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saleh
authors.forename: Glen K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Nyborg
authors.forename: Carissa G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.forename: Hanns Joachim
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Weinmann
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Laub
authors.forename: J Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Finn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D015588:Observer Variation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; C402765:gadomer 17; D005682:Gadolinium