title: Combined "periprostatic and periapical" local anesthesia is not superior to "periprostatic" anesthesia alone in reducing pain during Tru-Cut prostate biopsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate, in a prospective study, the benefit of adding local periapical prostatic anesthesia to routine periprostatic infiltration to the prostate-seminal vesicle junction in a randomized fashion. Transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy is the reference standard in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Although well tolerated by most patients, it can be associated with discomfort.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 120 consecutive evaluable patients with an elevated total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) level, increased tPSA velocity, and/or abnormal digital rectal examination findings were enrolled. The patients were randomized into two groups. Group 1 received periprostatic infiltration of 6 mL 1% lidocaine. Group 2 received periprostatic and apical infiltration: 4 mL 1% lidocaine at the prostate-seminal vesicle junction and 2-mL infiltration at the prostatic apex 15 minutes before transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy. Pain was assessed using a 10-point modified visual analog scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean patient age was 63.7 +/- 1.2 years and 64.2 +/- 1.1 years, the mean tPSA level was 12.1 +/- 1.5 ng/mL and 13.6 +/- 2.7 ng/mL, the mean biopsy duration was 6.2 +/- 2.5 minutes and 6.1 +/- 2.2 minutes, and the mean visual analog scale pain score was 1.26 +/- 0.1 and 1.23 +/- 0.1 for groups 1 and 2, respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed with respect to age, tPSA level, mean biopsy duration, or pain score between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Periprostatic lidocaine infiltration provides local anesthesia that results in improved visual analog scale pain scores. Additional apical infiltration did not improve patient discomfort further. However, comparative evidence has indicated that increasing the time elapsed between the anesthetic infiltration and the biopsy procedure may further improve pain control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Urotip Diagnosis Center, Istanbul, Turkey. cevik@rancomp.com
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cevik
authors.forename: Ozdal
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dillioglugil
authors.forename: Amnon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zisman
authors.forename: Atif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akdas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001706:Biopsy; D019160:Endosonography; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine