Neogenin and repulsive guidance molecule signaling in the central nervous system.
The repulsive guidance molecule (RGM) is a membrane-bound protein that was originally identified as an axon guidance molecule in the visual system. Functional studies have revealed that it has roles in axon guidance and laminar patterning in Xenopus and chick embryos, and in controlling cephalic neural tube closure in mouse embryos. The recent identification of neogenin as a receptor for RGM has provided evidence of the diverse functions of this ligand-receptor pair. Re-expression of RGM is observed after injury in the adult human and rat central nervous systems. Inhibition of RGM enhances growth of injured axons and promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury in rats. Thus, re-expression of embryonic repulsive cues in adult tissues contributes to failure of axon regeneration in the central nervous system.
Yamashita
Toshihide
T
Department of Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba 260-8670, Japan. t-yamashita@faculty.chiba-u.jp
Mueller
Bernhard K
BK
Hata
Katsuhiko
K
D000818:Animals; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000502:physiology; D020439:Growth Cones / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy
D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C502259:RGM protein, rat; C091279:neogenin