title: [Clinical observation of tramadol on postoperative painment from LASEK].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tramadol for controlling post-operative ocular pain from laser assisted subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK).
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized and controlled study was used. Tramadol tablet is taken orally two times a day plus Tobradex and Diclofenac sodium eyedrops were administered four times a day to the study group and Tobradex and Diclofenac sodium eyedrops only were administered four times a day to the control group. Slitlamp biomicroscopy and clinical scoring (0 to 4) were used to assess pain, photophobia, tearing, stinging-burning (0 = no pain; 1 = mild pain; 2 = moderate pain; 3 = severes pain; 4 = very severe pain). The assessments were made at anterioroperation, 1 day, 4 days,7 days postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Post-operative pain cores for the study group and the control group were 0.48 +/- 0.67 and 1.70 +/- 0.69 (P < 0.001) at 1 day, 0.18 +/- 0.39 and 0.65 +/- 0.55 (P < 0.05) at 4 days, respectively. No severe complications were found in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  tramadol plays an important role in efficacy and safety for controlling ocular pain and inflammation after LASEK.
authors.affiliation: Zhuhai Maternal and Child Health's Hospital, Zhuhai 519000, China.
authors.forename: Zhan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Peifeng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ruhuan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D049008:Keratectomy, Subepithelial, Laser-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D014147:Tramadol / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D004008:Diclofenac; D014147:Tramadol