title: Patient safety culture assessment in the nursing home.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess patient safety culture (PSC) in the nursing home setting, to determine whether nursing home professionals differ in their PSC ratings, and to compare PSC scores of nursing homes with those of hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture was modified for use in nursing homes (PSC-NH) and distributed to 151 professionals in four non-profit nursing homes. Mean scores on each PSC-NH dimension were compared across professions (doctors, pharmacists, advanced practitioners and nurses) and with published benchmark scores from 21 hospitals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Response rates were 68.9% overall and 52-100% for different professions. Most respondents (76%) were women and had worked in nursing homes for an average of 9.8 years, and at their current facility for 5.4 years. Professions agreed on 11 of 12 dimensions of the survey and differed significantly (p<0.05) only in ratings for one PSC dimension (attitudes about staffing issues), where nurses and pharmacists believed that they had enough employees to handle the workload. Nursing homes scored significantly lower (ie, worse) than hospitals (p<0.05) in five PSC dimensions (non-punitive response to error, teamwork within units, communication openness, feedback and communication about error, and organisational learning).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Professionals in nursing homes generally agree about safety characteristics of their facilities, and the PSC in nursing homes is significantly lower than that in hospitals. PSC assessment may be helpful in fostering comparisons across nursing home settings and professions, and identifying targets for interventions to improve patient safety.
authors.affiliation: Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. handlersm@upmc.edu
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Handler
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Castle
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Studenski
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perera
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Fridsma
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Nace
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Hanlon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000488:Allied Health Personnel / Q000523:psychology; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D019985:Benchmarking; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009735:Nursing Homes / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards*; D009740:Nursing Staff / Q000523:psychology; D015279:Organizational Culture; D009939:Organizations, Nonprofit / Q000592:standards; D010414:Pennsylvania; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000523:psychology; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology; D017751:Safety Management