title: Serum S-100B protein monitoring in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  S-100B protein is a promising marker of injury severity and outcome after head injury. We examined the relationship between serum S-100B concentrations and injury severity, clinical course, survival, and treatment efficacy after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study in a neurosurgical intensive care unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  102 adult patients with severe TBI, admitted between June 2001 and November 2003 (30 months).
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum S-100B levels were measured by immunoluminometric technique on admission and every 24 h thereafter for a maximum of 7 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Initial S-100B levels were significantly related to pupillary status, computed tomography severity 1, and 1-month survival. Cox's proportional hazard regression analysis showed that initial S-100B was an independent predictor of 1-month survival, in the presence of dilated pupils, and with increased age. Subjects with initial levels above 1 microg/l had a nearly threefold increased probability of death within 1 month. Serum S-100B alteration indicated neurological improvement or deterioration. Finally, surgical treatment reduced S-100B levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum S-100B protein reflects injury severity and improves prediction of outcome after severe TBI. S-100B may also have a role in assessing the efficacy of treatment after severe TBI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle General Hospital, Westgate Road, NE4 6BE, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. Stefanos.Korfias@NUTH.NHS.UK
authors.forename: Stefanos
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Korfias
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stranjalis
authors.forename: Efstathios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boviatsis
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Psachoulia
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jullien
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gregson
authors.forename: A David
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Mendelow
authors.forename: Damianos E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Sakas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001463:Barbiturates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000097:blood* / Q000145:classification* / Q000628:therapy; D003399:Craniotomy; D005260:Female; D023261:Glasgow Outcome Scale; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000097:blood*; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001463:Barbiturates; D015415:Biomarkers; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins