title: Jugular foramen schwannomas: diagnosis and suggestions for surgical management.
abstract: Schwannomas arising in the parapharyngeal space are rare lesions; however, those originating in the jugular foramen are even less common. Two cases, each with marked intra- and extracranial extensions, are discussed. Clinical presentation and preoperative evaluation emphasizing computerized tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging will be presented. An aggressive two-stage surgical approach consisting of a retrosigmoid craniectomy combined with infratemporal removal is advocated for those lesions arising within the jugular foramen.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Larouere
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kartush