title: Radiographic readings for asbestosis: misuse of science--validation of the ILO classification.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radiographic readings for pneumoconiosis (both asbestosis and silicosis), even those using the International Labour Office (ILO) Classification, have received widespread negative coverage in the media and strong judicial rebuke.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical literature over the past 90 years was reviewed for the relationships between radiographic severity (standardized as the ILO profusion score) and indices of exposure to silica or asbestos, tissue burden of silica particles or asbestos fibers, histologic fibrosis, various measurements of pulmonary function and mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Evidence from many different disciplines has demonstrated that the ILO profusion score correlates with occupational exposure, dust burden in the lung, histologic fibrosis and, more recently, with physiologic impairment and mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ILO Classification has therefore been validated as a scientific tool. Its fraudulent misuse by "hired-gun" physicians, attorneys and elements of the compensation system to falsify claims of asbestosis and/or silicosis (often in the same claimant) must be condemned.
authors.affiliation: St. Vincent Catholic Medical Center, Queens, Jamaica, New York, USA. almiller@svcmcny.org
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D001195:Asbestosis / Q000145:classification* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005607:Fraud; D006801:Humans; D016365:Liability, Legal; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D011859:Radiography; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012829:Silicosis / Q000145:classification* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014481:United States