title: Acute effect of standard heparin versus low molecular weight heparin on oxidative stress and inflammation in hemodialysis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases caused by traditional and non-traditional risk factors are the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Recently, much interest has been focused on non-traditional factors, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Hemodialysis patients are not only exposed to oxidative stress but also to inflammation. Although anticoagulants are the most frequently used drugs in hemodialysis patients, their effect upon oxidative stress and inflammation in dialysis patients are still unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three hemodialysis patients were randomized into three groups. Group 1 received standard heparin while group 2 received low molecular weight heparin during the dialysis therapy. Group 3 (control group) did not receive any anticoagulant agent. Investigators were blinded to the therapy. Serum concentrations of oxidative stress and inflammation markers, including C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor alpha, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde, were measured before and after dialysis session.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The oxidative stress and inflammation markers were significantly increased in groups 1 and 3 (p < 0.05 for each) compared to their baseline values. In contrast, baseline and end-treatment values of the oxidative stress and inflammation markers were comparable in the group 2 (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that the type of anticoagulants may take a role in the acute effect of hemodialysis upon oxidative stress and inflammation markers. A comparison of the groups revealed that low molecular weight heparin decreased the oxidative stress and inflammation, whereas standard heparin increased the oxidative stress and inflammation. Low molecular weight heparin appears to have an additive benefit for hemodialysis patients.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Firat Medical Center of Firat University, 23200 Elazig, Turkey. okpoyrazoglu@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Orhan Kursat
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Poyrazoglu
authors.forename: Ayhan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dogukan
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yalniz
authors.forename: Dilara
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Seckin
authors.forename: Ali Lhsan
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Gunal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D015415:Biomarkers; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D006493:Heparin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase