title: Prognostic impact of lymphovascular invasion in radical prostatectomy specimens.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prognostic value of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in patients with node-negative prostate cancer treated by radical prostatectomy (RP).
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 412 patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma who had RP and pN0 status were analysed for all established standard pathological factors and LVI. The influence of these pathological findings on biochemical failure was evaluated by multivariate analysis with the Cox model. The mean (range) follow-up was 52.5 (10-116) months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LVI was identified in 42 patients (10.2%) and significantly associated with a high preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, a high PSA density, high percentage of positive biopsy cores, high Gleason score, and seminal vesicle invasion. Of the 42 patients with LVI, 33 (79%) had a Gleason score of > or = 7 and 27 (64%) had pathological stage pT3. The 5-year biochemical-free survival was 87.3% for patients with no LVI and 38.3% with LVI on the RP specimen (P < 0.001). By multivariate analysis, LVI and Gleason score were independent predictors of biochemical failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that in addition to the Gleason score, only LVI is strongly correlated with biochemical failure after RP. These findings support the routine evaluation of LVI status in RP specimens and provide the option for its incorporation into nomograms predictive of oncological outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Carl-Thiem Hospital Cottbus, University Teaching Hospital, Charité zu Berlin, Thiemstrasse 111, D-03048 Cottbus, Germany. m.may@ctk.de
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kaufmann
authors.forename: Fränze
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hammermann
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Loy
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siegsmund
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology; D042601:Lymphatic Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012669:Seminal Vesicles / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen