title: A chloroplast transgenic approach to hyper-express and purify Human Serum Albumin, a protein highly susceptible to proteolytic degradation.
abstract: Human Serum Albumin (HSA) accounts for 60% of the total protein in blood serum and it is the most widely used intravenous protein in a number of human therapies. HSA, however, is currently extracted only from blood because of a lack of commercially feasible recombinant expression systems. HSA is highly susceptible to proteolytic degradation in recombinant systems and is expensive to purify. Expression of HSA in transgenic chloroplasts using Shine-Dalgarno sequence (SD), which usually facilitates hyper-expression of transgenes, resulted only in 0.02% HSA in total protein (tp). Modification of HSA regulatory sequences using chloroplast untranslated regions (UTRs) resulted in hyper-expression of HSA (up to 11.1% tp), compensating for excessive proteolytic degradation. This is the highest expression of a pharmaceutical protein in transgenic plants and 500-fold greater than previous reports on HSA expression in transgenic leaves. Electron micrographs of immunogold labelled transgenic chloroplasts revealed HSA inclusion bodies, which provided a simple method for purification from other cellular proteins. HSA inclusion bodies could be readily solubilized to obtain a monomeric form using appropriate reagents. The regulatory elements used in this study should serve as a model system for enhancing expression of foreign proteins that are highly susceptible to proteolytic degradation and provide advantages in purification, when inclusion bodies are formed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, University of Central Florida, Biomolecular Science Building #20, Room 336, Orlando, FL 32816-2360, USA.
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fernández-San Millán
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mingo-Castel
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Daniell