title: Ocular vascular hamartomas: the relationship with phakomatoses and possible commonalities in pathogenesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ocular vascular hamartomas may present as isolated lesions or as part of a multisystemic congenital syndrome known as vascular phakomatoses. These syndromes are characterized by ocular, cerebral, and cutaneous lesions. Although each of these lesions manifests distinct characteristics, there may be overlapping characteristics and manifestations attributable to a common pathogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case series and a literature review are presented illustrating ocular and systemic manifestations associated with vascular hamartomas, with each case representing varying degrees of ocular and systemic expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because of the potential ocular morbidity and systemic mortality associated with vascular hamartomas and associated syndromes, the optometrist plays an important role in the management of these patients. In general, understanding the pathogenesis of these diseases may contribute to future treatment and prevention opportunities.
authors.affiliation: Health Professions Division, College of Optometry, Nova Southeastern University College of Optometry, 3200 South University Drive, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA. dianashe@nova.edu
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shechtman
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vollmer
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sowka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015862:Choroid Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006222:Hamartoma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018324:Hemangioma, Capillary / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*