title: Gastric mucosal damage following repeat administration of melanocortin subtype-4 receptor ligands to Fischer 344 rats.
abstract: Since the melanocortin system plays a role in the central control of feeding, melanocortin receptor ligands may be efficacious in treating human obesity. Ten structurally similar melanocortin subtype-4 receptor (MC4R) ligands from an aryl piperazine chemical platform were evaluated in female Fischer 344 rats to assess the toxicity of this class of compounds. Rats were orally gavaged with 100, 250, or 500 mg/kg of each compound in 10% acacia and purified water daily for 4 days. In treated rats, notable clinical observations included a dose-dependent decrease in mean body weight and food consumption. A morphologically unique compound-related histologic lesion occurred in the nonglandular gastric mucosa. The lesions consisted of multiple, raised, sometimes ulcerated, white foci which, microscopically, were discrete, intraepithelial vesicles containing dense accumulations of neutrophils continuous with inflammation in the submucosa. Ruptured vesicles resulted in ulcers and occasionally gastric perforation. The morphologic characteristics of this acute lesion were described and concluded to be a direct toxicity of the compounds unrelated to melanocortin-mediated pharmacology.
authors.affiliation: Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Greenfield, Indiana 46140, USA. tracy.williams@lilly.com
authors.forename: Tracy M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Kevin B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Donnelly
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008024:Ligands; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D010879:Piperazines / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D044105:Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4 / Q000819:agonists*; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D008024:Ligands; D010879:Piperazines; D044105:Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4