Effect of ATM heterozygosity on heritable DNA damage in mice following paternal F0 germline irradiation.
The ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene product maintains genome integrity and initiates cellular DNA repair pathways following exposures to genotoxic agents. ATM also plays a significant role in meiotic recombination during spermatogenesis. Fertilization with sperm carrying damaged DNA could lead to adverse effects in offspring including developmental defects or increased cancer susceptibility. Currently, there is little information regarding the effect of ATM heterozygosity on germline DNA repair and heritable effects of paternal germline-ionizing irradiation. We used neutral pH comet assays to evaluate spermatozoa 45 days after acute whole-body irradiation of male mice (0.1Gy, attenuated (137)Cs gamma rays) to determine the effect of ATM heterozygosity on delayed DNA damage effects of Type A/B spermatogonial irradiation. Using the neutral pH sperm comet assay, significant irradiation-related differences were found in comet tail length, percent tail DNA and tail extent moment, but there were no observed differences in effect between wild-type and ATM +/- mice. However, evaluation of spermatozoa from third generation descendants of irradiated male mice for heritable chromatin effects revealed significant differences in DNA electrophoretic mobility in the F(3) descendants that were based upon the irradiated F(0) sire's genotype. In this study, radiation-induced chromatin alterations to Type A/B spermatogonia, detected in mature sperm 45 days post-irradiation, led to chromatin effects in mature sperm three generations later. The early cellular response to and repair of DNA damage is critical and appears to be affected by ATM zygosity. Our results indicate that there is potential for heritable genetic or epigenetic changes following Type A/B spermatogonial irradiation and that ATM heterozygosity increases this effect.
Baulch
Janet E
JE
University of Maryland, Baltimore, Radiation Oncology Research Laboratory, BRB 7-002, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. jbaulch@som.umaryland.edu
Li
Ming-Wen
MW
Raabe
Otto G
OG
D000818:Animals; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D001947:Breeding / Q000379:methods; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006579:Heterozygote; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018812:Paternal Exposure; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D013093:Spermatogonia / Q000528:radiation effects; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000528:radiation effects*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; C576325:Atm protein, mouse; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases