title: Are we meeting the standards set for endoscopy? Results of a large-scale prospective survey of endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatograph practice.
abstract: To examine endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) services and training in the UK.
  
  
  
  Prospective multicentre survey.
  
  
  
  Five regions of England.
  
  
  
  Hospitals with an ERCP unit.
  
  
  
  Adherence to published guidelines, technical success rates, complications and mortality.
  
  
  
  Organisation questionnaires were returned by 76 of 81 (94%) units. Personal questionnaires were returned by 190 of 213 (89%) ERCP endoscopists and 74 of 91 (81%) ERCP trainees, of whom 45 (61%) reported participation in <50 ERCPs per annum. In all, 66 of 81 (81%) units collected prospective data on 5264 ERCPs, over a mean period of 195 days. Oximetry was used by all units, blood pressure monitoring by 47 of 66 (71%) and ECG monitoring by 37 of 66 (56%) units; 1484 of 4521 (33%) patients were given >5 mg of midalozam. Prothrombin time was recorded in 4539 of 5264 (86%) procedures. Antibiotics were given in 1021 of 1412 (72%) cases, where indicated. Patients' American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) scores were 3-5 in 670 of 5264 (12.7%) ERCPs, and 4932 of 5264 (94%) ERCPs were scheduled with therapeutic intent. In total, 140 of 182 (77%) trained endoscopists demonstrated a cannulation rate >/=80%. The recorded cannulation rate among senior trainees (with an experience of >200 ERCPs) was 222/338 (66%). Completion of intended treatment was done in 3707 of 5264 (70.4%) ERCPs; 268 of 5264 (5.1%) procedures resulted in a complication. Procedure-related mortality was 21/5264 (0.4%). Mortality correlated with ASA score.
  
  
  
  Most ERCPs in the UK are performed on low-risk patients with therapeutic intent. Complication rates compare favourably with those reported internationally. However, quality suffers because there are too many trainees in too many low-volume ERCP centres.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, 5z Link, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Prescot St, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK.
authors.forename: Earl J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fairclough
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamlyn
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Logan
authors.forename: Derrick
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Stuart A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Veitch
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
authors.forename: Paula R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lombard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality / Q000592:standards*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005762:Gastroenterology / Q000193:education; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent / Q000592:standards; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D018579:Patient Selection; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011364:Professional Practice / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D011871:Radiology / Q000193:education