RAR1, a central player in plant immunity, is targeted by Pseudomonas syringae effector AvrB.
Pathogenic bacterial effectors suppress pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered host immunity, thereby promoting parasitism. In the presence of cognate resistance genes, it is proposed that plants detect the virulence activity of bacterial effectors and trigger a defense response, referred to here as effector-triggered immunity (ETI). However, the link between effector virulence and ETI at the molecular level is unknown. Here, we show that the Pseudomonas syringae effector AvrB suppresses PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) through RAR1, a co-chaperone of HSP90 required for ETI. AvrB expressed in plants lacking the cognate resistance gene RPM1 suppresses cell wall defense induced by the flagellar peptide flg22, a well known PAMP, and promotes the growth of nonpathogenic bacteria in a RAR1-dependent manner. rar1 mutants display enhanced cell wall defense in response to flg22, indicating that RAR1 negatively regulates PTI. Furthermore, coimmunoprecipitation experiments indicated that RAR1 and AvrB interact in the plant. The results demonstrate that RAR1 molecularly links PTI, effector virulence, and ETI. The study supports that both pathogen virulence and plant disease resistance have evolved around PTI.
Shang
Yulei
Y
National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China.
Li
Xinyan
X
Cui
Haitao
H
He
Ping
P
Thilmony
Roger
R
Chintamanani
Satya
S
Zwiesler-Vollick
Julie
J
Gopalan
Suresh
S
Tang
Xiaoyan
X
Zhou
Jian-Min
JM
D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D003116:Color; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D011485:Protein Binding; D044224:Pseudomonas syringae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity
D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C100931:AvrB protein, Pseudomonas syringae; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; C112279:COI1 protein, Arabidopsis; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C499581:PBS2 protein, Arabidopsis