title: Dynamic changes in the expression of DEP-1 and other PDGF receptor-antagonizing PTPs during onset and termination of neointima formation.
abstract: Growth factor-dependent tissue remodeling, such as restenosis, is believed to be predominantly regulated by changes in expression of receptor-tyrosine-kinases (RTKs) and their ligands. As endogenous antagonists of RTKs, protein-tyrosine-phosphatases (PTPs) are additional candidate regulators of these processes. Using laser-capture-microdissection and quantitative RT-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), we investigated the layer-specific expression of the four platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) isoforms, the PDGF-alpha and beta receptors, and five PTPs implied in control of PDGF-receptor signaling 8 and 14 days after balloon injury of the rat carotid. Results were correlated with analyses of PDGF-beta receptor phosphorylation and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation in vivo. The expression levels of all components, as well as receptor activation and VSMC proliferation, showed specific changes, which varied between media and neointima. Interestingly, PTP expression--particularly, DEP-1 levels--appeared to be the dominating factor determining receptor-phosphorylation and VSMC proliferation. In support of these findings, cultured DEP-1(-/-) cells displayed increased PDGF-dependent cell signaling. Hyperactivation of PDGF-induced signaling was also observed after siRNA-down-regulation of DEP-1 in VSMCs. The results indicate a previously unrecognized role of PDGF-receptor-targeting PTPs in controlling neointima formation. In more general terms, the observations indicate transcriptional regulation of PTPs as an important mechanism for controlling onset and termination of RTK-dependent tissue remodeling.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Centrum Karolinska, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kappert
authors.forename: Janna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paulsson
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sparwel
authors.forename: Olli
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Leppänen
authors.forename: Carina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hellberg
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ostman
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Micke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020212:Carotid Artery Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002633:Chemotaxis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017479:Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D020033:Protein Isoforms; D017479:Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases