title: Polyelectrolyte study of the calcium-induced chain association of pectate.
abstract: The theoretical model devised in the previous paper (Donati, I.; Benegas, J. C.; Cesàro, A.; Paoletti, S. Biomacromolecules 2006, 7 (5), 1587-1596) for the description of ion-induced chain aggregation is here applied to the case of chain dimerization of poly(galacturonate) in the presence of calcium ions. Particular attention has been directed toward the initial stage of dimer formation [i.e., in the low regime of calcium-to-polymer ratio (Rj)]. Circular dichroism (CD) data allowed evaluation of the fraction, theta, of calcium ions bound within chain dimers according to the "egg-box"-model. The theoretical model was able to reproduce satisfactorily the total molar enthalpy variation experimentally determined; the contributions of affinity (specificity in territorial condensation) and chemical bonding of calcium counterions to the thermodynamic properties of the system (i.e., enthalpy and entropy) were calculated. The intrinsic molar enthalpy of bonding, DeltaH(bond,0), displayed a peculiar sigmoid dependence on Rj. In particular, its decrease toward more negative values was interpreted as stemming from a (cooperative) calcium-induced conformational change that accompanies pectate chain pairing upon junction formation. The calculated pKin of instability of the Ca-(GalA-)4 complex was 10.80, in very good agreement with the corresponding value reported for the Ca-EDTA complex (i.e., 10.96). Significant contributions to the complex stability were the enthalpy of ion pairing (DeltaH(ionpairing,bond) = -5.1 kcal (mol calcium)-1, in good agreement with the value reported for calcium-EDTA: approximately -5.4 kcal (mol calcium)-1), and the entropy of desolvation (DeltaS(desolv,bond) = 43.7 cal mol-1 K-1, well within the range of values reported for calcium-EDTA: 42-57 cal mol-1 K-1).
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy. donati@bbcm.units
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Donati
authors.forename: Julio C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Benegas
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paoletti
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium; D004573:Electrolytes; D007700:Kinetics; D010368:Pectins / Q000737:chemistry*; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D004573:Electrolytes; D010368:Pectins; D002118:Calcium; C003181:polygalacturonic acid