title: The role of vascular risk factors in late onset bipolar disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The association between late life depression and cerebro-vascular risk and cerebro-vascular disease is well established. Do similar links exist with late onset bipolar disorder?
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Patients with early onset (less than 60 years of age) bipolar disorder were compared with those of late onset (aged 60 and above) in relation to cognitive function, physical health and vascular risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey of elderly bipolar disorder patients (above 65 years) involved with secondary care mental health services. Thirty patients with early onset were compared with 20 patients with a late onset bipolar disorder. Diagnosis of bipolar disorder was according to ICD-10 criteria and without an associated clinical diagnosis of dementia. Assessment of cognition included tests of frontal-executive function, and cerebro-vascular risk was quantified with the Framingham stroke risk score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The late onset group had a higher stroke risk score than the early onset group, this difference persisting despite taking age and gender differences into account. However, late onset patients' cognitive function (including frontal lobe tests) and physical health status was no different to the early onset group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is higher 'cerebrovascular risk' in elderly patients with late onset bipolar disorder, compared to patients with an early onset. This suggests that cerebrovascular risk may be an important factor for the expression of bipolar disorders in later life, and has significant management implications for older bipolar patients.
authors.affiliation: Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK. hari.subramaniam@leicspart.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Hari
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Subramaniam
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Dennis
authors.forename: E Jane
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Byrne
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015984:Causality; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic