title: Hyperglycosylated hCG in gestational implantation and in choriocarcinoma and testicular germ cell malignancy tumorigenesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hyperglycosylated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG-H) is a carbohydrate variant of hCG with double-sized oligosaccharide side chains. While hCG-H is produced exclusively by stem cytotrophoblast cells in gestational choriocarcinoma, by pregnancy cytotrophoblast at implantation and by the cytotrophoblast produced in testicular malignancies, regular hCG is produced only by differentiated syncytiotrophoblast cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  hCG-H was measured using the Nichols Advantage hCG-H assay (Nichols Institute Diagnostics, San Clemente, California).
  
  
  RESULTS
  hCG-H has a function separate from regular hCG. hCG-H, but not regular hCG, acts in vivo and in vitro to promote invasion, whether invasion through membranes or tumor formation. Invasion or tumorigenesis is completely blocked by administration of specific antibody to hCG-H. The same hCG-H-modulated invasion mechanisms are observed in early pregnancy, gestational choriocarcinoma and testicular cancers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  hCG-H is a cytokinelike molecule, produced by cells different from those that make regular hCG and having a completely separate function. It appears to be the modulator of invasion as in implantation of pregnancy, gestational choriocarcinoma and testicular cancer malignancy.
authors.affiliation: USA hCG Reference Service, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA. larry@hcglab.com
authors.forename: Laurence A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: Sarah A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Khanlian
authors.forename: Jaime M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Butler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002822:Choriocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D018237:Germinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D023421:Models, Animal; D011247:Pregnancy; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; C024889:glycosylated HCG