title: Calculating expected lung deposition of aerosolized administration of AAV vector in human clinical studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disease affecting approximately 1 in 2500 live births. Introducing the cDNA that codes for normal cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) to the small airways of the lung could result in restoring the CFTR function. A number of vectors for lung gene therapy have been tried and adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors offer promise. The vector is delivered to the lung using a breath-actuated jet nebulizer. The purpose of this project was to determine the aerosolized AAV (tgAAVCF) particle size distribution (PSD) in order to calculate target doses for lung delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tgAAVCF solution was nebulized using the Pari LC Plus (n = 3), and the PSD was determined by coupling laser diffraction and inertial impaction (NGI) techniques. The NGI allowed for quantification of the tgAAVCF at each stage of impaction, ensuring that rAAV-CFTR vector is present and not empty particles. Applying the results to mathematical algorithms allowed for the calculation of expected pulmonary deposition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mass median diameter (MMD) for the tgAAVCF was 2.78 +/- 0.43 microm. If the system works ideally and the patient only receives aerosol on inspiration, the patient would receive 47 +/- 0% of the initial dose placed in the nebulizer, with 72 +/- 0.73% of this being deposited beyond the vocal cords.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This technology for categorizing the pulmonary delivery system for lung gene therapy vectors can be adapted for advanced aerosol delivery systems or other vectors.
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Kitty
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Louca
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Munson
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dutzar
authors.forename: Pervin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Anklesaria
authors.forename: Allan L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Coates
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000336:Aerosols / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000420:Albuterol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000628:therapy; D000229:Dependovirus / Q000235:genetics; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D008168:Lung; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D010316:Particle Size
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000420:Albuterol