title: Pathologic ventricular hypertrophy in the offspring of diabetic mothers: a retrospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diabetes in pregnant women is increasing and with that the complications in their offspring. We studied our population of diabetic mothers (2003-2005) for pathologic ventricular hypertrophy (PVH).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In our retrospective study of all 87 diabetic pregnancies (92 neonates), 16 were type 1, 17 were type 2, and 54 were gestational diabetes (GD). Haemoglobin glycated (HbA1c) median was 5.8% (5.3-6.5): 17 with HbA1c above normal 2 with congenital heart disease (CHD) and six with PVH. A total of 75 neonates were normal, five had CHD, and 12 had PVH (1/12 died post-natally, 1/12 stillborn, 2/12 required premature delivery, 8/12 normal). The 16 type 1 pregnancies resulted in three neonates with CHD and in 50% PVH, including one death, one premature Cesarean section because of PVH. The 17 neonates of type 2 pregnancies showed in one CHD and in 25% PVH. Of the 54 GD pregnancies, one had CHD and one had PVH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pregnancies of both type 1 and 2 diabetes carry an increased risk for foetal development of PVH compared with those with GD. The insufficient effect of preventive glycaemia controls leads to conclude that although no definite predictive parameters for malignant outcome can be presented, close monitoring of these pregnancies may prevent perinatal catastrophes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ullmo
authors.forename: Yvan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Vial
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Di Bernardo
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roth-Kleiner
authors.forename: Yvan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mivelaz
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sekarski
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: Erik J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Meijboom
mesh_terms: D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000097:blood / Q000196:embryology*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood / Q000196:embryology*; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin