title: Cell surface detachment of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A requires the formation of intermolecular proteinase-inhibitor disulfide bonds and glycosaminoglycan covalently bound to the inhibitor.
abstract: The metzincin metalloproteinase pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A, pappalysin-1) promotes cell growth by proteolytic cleavage of insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins 4 and 5, causing the release of bound insulin-like growth factors. PAPP-A binds an unknown cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan, suggesting that it controls insulin-like growth factor signaling spatially. In human pregnancy, the majority of PAPP-A circulates as a disulfide-bonded complex with its inhibitor, the proform of eosinophil major basic protein (proMBP). Interestingly, Ser-62 of proMBP is substituted with a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chain, possibly a heparan sulfate type, and the PAPP-A.proMBP complex is unable to bind to the cell surface. We show here that proMBP detaches surface-bound PAPP-A in a process that depends on the proMBP GAG and also on the formation of intermolecular disulfide bonds between PAPP-A and proMBP. Unlike what was expected, we demonstrate that the GAG of proMBP is not required for PAPP-A.proMBP complex formation and that proMBP residues His-137, Ser-178, Arg-179, and Asn-181 are important for the recognition of PAPP-A. Using a mouse model, we find that the half-life of circulating PAPP-A and proMBP in complex is severalfold higher than both of the uncomplexed proteins, further suggesting that the PAPP-A.proMBP complex is formed at the cell surface in vivo rather than in the circulation. Further supporting this, we show that formation of the PAPP-A.proMBP complex at the cell surface proceeds rapidly compared with the slow rate of complex formation in solution. Because both PAPP-A and proMBP are expressed ubiquitously, this model may be applicable to many tissues in which insulin-like growth factor bioavailability is locally regulated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Glerup
authors.forename: Søren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kløverpris
authors.forename: Lisbeth S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Laursen
authors.forename: Frederik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dagnaes-Hansen
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thiel
authors.forename: Cheryl A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Conover
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oxvig
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D004220:Disulfides; D005260:Female; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000737:chemistry*; D006497:Heparan Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry*; D013002:Somatomedins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004220:Disulfides; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D006497:Heparan Sulfate; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D013002:Somatomedins