title: Altered expression of Smad family members in injured motor neurons of rat.
abstract: We examined changes in the expression of Smad family members, which transduce signals from TGF-beta superfamily ligands, following hypoglossal nerve injury. RT-PCR and in situ hybridization revealed that Smad1, 2, 3 and 4 mRNAs were significantly up-regulated in injured side, whereas Smad8 mRNA was down-regulated. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting analysis confirmed the alterations of Smad1, 2 and 4 in injured neurons. These results suggest that the Smad signaling may be important for nerve regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Okuyama
authors.forename: Sumiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kiryu-Seo
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiyama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019771:Axotomy; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D007002:Hypoglossal Nerve / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020437:Hypoglossal Nerve Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D061228:Hypoglossal Nerve Injuries; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D009416:Nerve Regeneration; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012183:Retrograde Degeneration / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D051785:Smad Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051898:Smad1 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051900:Smad3 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051901:Smad4 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051904:Smad8 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D051785:Smad Proteins; D051898:Smad1 Protein; C497400:Smad1 protein, rat; D051900:Smad3 Protein; C497787:Smad3 protein, rat; D051901:Smad4 Protein; C490811:Smad4 protein, rat; D051904:Smad8 Protein; C109462:Smad9 protein, rat