title: [Population genetic study of Russian cosmonauts and test subjects: genetic demographic parameters and immunogenetic markers].
abstract: Genetic demographic characteristics and immunogenetic markers (blood groups ABO, Rhesus, MNSs, P, Duffy, Kidd, and Kell) have been studied in a group of 132 Russian cosmonauts and test subjects (CTSG). Analysis of pedigrees has shown a high exogamy in the preceding generations: almost half of the subjects have mixed ethnic background. According to the results of genetic demographic analysis, a sample from the Moscow population was used as control group (CG). Comparison between the CTSG and CG has demonstrated significant differences in genotype frequencies for several blood group systems. The CTSG is characterized by a decreased proportion of rare interlocus genotypic combinations and an increased man heterozygosity. Analysis of the distributions of individual heterozygosity for loci with codominant expression of alleles has shown that highly heterozygous loci are more frequent in the CTSG. Taking into account that the CTSG has been thoroughly selected from the general population, it is concluded that heterozygosity is related to successful adaptation to a space flight.
authors.forename: O L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Kurbatova
authors.forename: E Iu
authors.initials: EIu
authors.lastname: Pobedonostseva
authors.forename: V D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Prokhorovskaia
authors.forename: O N
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Kholod
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Evsiukov
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Bogomolov
authors.forename: Iu I
authors.initials: IuI
authors.lastname: Voronkov
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Filatova
authors.forename: O N
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Larina
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Sidorenko
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Morgun
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Kasparanskiĭ
authors.forename: Iu P
authors.initials: IuP
authors.lastname: Altukhov
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000235:genetics*; D000483:Alleles; D018480:Astronauts; D001789:Blood Group Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D007125:Immunogenetics / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009031:Moscow; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci / Q000235:genetics*; D013026:Space Flight; D014893:Weightlessness
chemical_list: D001789:Blood Group Antigens; D005819:Genetic Markers