title: The central role of PDR1 in the foundation of yeast drug resistance.
abstract: The widespread pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) phenomenon is well described as the long term selection of genetic variants expressing constitutively high levels of membrane transporters involved in drug efflux. However, the transcriptional cascades leading to the PDR phenotype in wild-type cells are largely unknown, and the first steps of this phenomenon are poorly understood. We investigated the transcriptional mechanisms underlying the establishment of an efficient PDR response in budding yeast. We show that within a few minutes of drug sensing yeast elicits an effective PDR response, involving tens of PDR genes. This early PDR response (ePDR) is highly dependent on the Pdr1p transcription factor, which is also one of the major genetic determinants of long term PDR acquisition. The activity of Pdr1p in early drug response is not drug-specific, as two chemically unrelated drugs, benomyl and fluphenazine, elicit identical, Pdr1p-dependent, ePDR patterns. Our data also demonstrate that Pdr1p is an original stress response factor, the DNA binding properties of which do not depend on the presence of drugs. Thus, Pdr1p is a promoter-resident regulator involved in both basal expression and rapid drug-dependent induction of PDR genes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS UMR8541, the Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France.
authors.forename: Vivienne
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fardeau
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS UMR8541, the Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France.
authors.forename: Gaëlle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lelandais
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS UMR8541, the Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oldfield
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS UMR8541, the Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France.
authors.forename: Héle Ne
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Salin
authors.affiliation: Plate-forme Transcriptome IFR36, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lemoine
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS UMR8541, the Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France.
authors.forename: Mathilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Plate-forme Transcriptome IFR36, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France.
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tanty
authors.affiliation: Plate-forme Transcriptome IFR36, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France; Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Développement, INSERM U368, and the Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Le Crom
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS UMR8541, the Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France; Plate-forme Transcriptome IFR36, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France.
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jacq
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS UMR8541, the Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France. Electronic address: devaux@biologie.ens.Fr.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Devaux
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001542:Benomyl; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005476:Fluphenazine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; C085480:PDR1 protein, S cerevisiae; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D005476:Fluphenazine; D001542:Benomyl