title: Relation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I and IGF-binding protein 3 concentrations with intakes of fruit, vegetables, and antioxidants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fruit, vegetable, and antioxidant intakes may reduce the risk of several insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-related chronic diseases, such as certain types of cancers and cardiovascular diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated whether intakes of fruit, vegetables, and antioxidants (beta-carotene, lycopene, and vitamin C) are associated with plasma IGF-I and IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) concentrations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations were measured in 1542 healthy women by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A self-administered semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire was used to estimate mean daily dietary intakes of fruit, vegetables, and antioxidants over the year preceding blood sampling. Multivariate analyses were performed by using generalized linear models to evaluate the association of quintiles of daily intakes with concentrations of growth factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A higher intake of citrus fruit was associated with higher concentrations of IGF-I (215 ng/mL for quintile 5 compared with 205 ng/mL for quintile 1; P for trend = 0.04) and with lower concentrations of IGFBP-3 (4803 ng/mL for quintile 5 compared with 4960 ng/mL for quintile 1; P for trend = 0.04). Higher dietary vitamin C intake was associated with higher concentrations of IGF-I (214 ng/mL for quintile 5 compared with 204 ng/mL for quintile 1; P for trend = 0.02) and lower concentrations of IGFBP-3 (4813 ng/mL for quintile 5 compared with 4953 ng/mL for quintile 1; P for trend = 0.03). Total intake of fruit and vegetables and intakes of other botanical fruit and vegetable subgroups, beta-carotene, and lycopene were not related to either IGF-I or IGFBP-3 concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with higher intakes of citrus fruit or dietary vitamin C tend to have higher plasma concentrations of IGF-I and lower plasma concentrations of IGFBP-3.
authors.affiliation: Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Cong Dung
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Diorio
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bérubé
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pollak
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brisson
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002957:Citrus; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000097:blood*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood; D017697:Premenopause / Q000097:blood; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D001205:Ascorbic Acid