title: In vitro pediculicidal and ovicidal activity of an extract and oil from fruits of Melia azedarach L.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Head louse infestation is difficult to control because of increasing lice resistance to synthetic pediculicidal drugs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test the activity of extract and oil obtained from fruits of Melia azedarach L. against the head louse Pediculus humanus capitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A filter paper diffusion bioassay was carried out in order to determine the pediculicidal and ovicidal activity of extract and oil from M azedarach L. fruits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both vegetable products, tested either individually or in combinations, showed high levels of mortality on adult lice, with values ranging between 62.9% and 96.5%. The highest mortality rate was obtained with a combination of 20% ripe fruit extract with 10% ripe fruit oil. A formulation made with both extract and oil at 10% plus the addition of emulsifier and preserving agents showed 92.3% pediculicidal activity. The products were also successful in delaying or inhibiting nymph emergence, with the formulation being the most effective, with a complete inhibition of emergence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because adult lice are sensitive to starvation and therefore control mortalities are often higher than 20% in tests with field specimens, the results may not reflect the direct effect of the extract.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate the possibility of using Melia products for controlling head lice, which are difficult to control because of their resistance to the currently used anti-louse agents.
authors.affiliation: Fine Chemical and Natural Products Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Catholic University of Córdoba, Argentina. ceciliacarpinella@campus1.uccor.edu.ar
authors.forename: María C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Carpinella
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: Walter R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Almirón
authors.forename: Carlos G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Ferrayoli
authors.forename: Francisco Ludueña
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Sara M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Palacios
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D010373:Lice Infestations / Q000188:drug therapy*; D031586:Melia azedarach; D010270:Parasite Egg Count; D010374:Pediculus / Q000187:drug effects*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D010938:Plant Oils