title: Crystal structure of the HRDC domain of human Werner syndrome protein, WRN.
abstract: Werner syndrome is a human premature aging disorder characterized by chromosomal instability. The disease is caused by the functional loss of WRN, a member of the RecQ-helicase family that plays an important role in DNA metabolic pathways. WRN contains four structurally folded domains comprising an exonuclease, a helicase, a winged-helix, and a helicase-and-ribonuclease D/C-terminal (HRDC) domain. In contrast to the accumulated knowledge pertaining to the biochemical functions of the three N-terminal domains, the function of C-terminal HRDC remains unknown. In this study, the crystal structure of the human WRN HRDC domain has been determined. The domain forms a bundle of alpha-helices similar to those of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sgs1 and Escherichia coli RecQ. Surprisingly, the extra ten residues at each of the N and C termini of the domain were found to participate in the domain architecture by forming an extended portion of the first helix alpha1, and a novel looping motif that traverses straight along the domain surface, respectively. The motifs combine to increase the domain surface of WRN HRDC, which is larger than that of Sgs1 and E. coli. In WRN HRDC, neither of the proposed DNA-binding surfaces in Sgs1 or E. coli is conserved, and the domain was shown to lack DNA-binding ability in vitro. Moreover, the domain was shown to be thermostable and resistant to protease digestion, implying independent domain evolution in WRN. Coupled with the unique long linker region in WRN, the WRN HRDC may be adapted to play a distinct function in WRN that involves protein-protein interactions.
authors.affiliation: Structural Biology Laboratory, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitano
authors.forename: Nozomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshihara
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hakoshima
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D004265:DNA Helicases; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005090:Exodeoxyribonucleases; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011485:Protein Binding; D017510:Protein Folding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D053484:RecQ Helicases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014898:Werner Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D000071657:Werner Syndrome Helicase
chemical_list: D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D005090:Exodeoxyribonucleases; C090472:SGS1 protein, S cerevisiae; D004265:DNA Helicases; D053484:RecQ Helicases; C098785:WRN protein, human; D000071657:Werner Syndrome Helicase