title: Opposite gender doctor-patient interactions in Iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The importance of physician gender in patient health outcomes has been recognized for some time in the West. For example, there is some evidence to show that female doctors use good interpersonal communication skills with their patients and that patients are satisfied with female doctors. There is little known, however, about the contribution of different configurations of gender identities to a variety of positive health outcomes in non-Western countries. In Iran, in particular, the attention given to "cross-gender dyads" in doctor-patient interactions is severely limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  The findings were based on a well-designed questionnaire, validated and found to be reliable in Australia, which we administered to medical students in Iran.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, there was no significant difference between the mean scores of students in relation to opposite-gender comfort. Results indicate that both male and female students were more comfortable conducting intimate physical examinations on patients of the same gender as themselves. Performing a testicular examination was significantly disagreeable for both genders, but particularly for female students.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both genders appeared to be comfortable talking to patients of the opposite gender about intimate matters, but same-gender dyads were viewed as preferable to cross-gender dyads in relation to physical examinations. Further qualitative research is needed to understand how these views are constituted and how they operate in practice. We make some recommendations, and we discuss the limitations of study.
authors.affiliation: Medical Education Unit, Nottingham University, United Kingdom. mcxmt2@nottingham.ac.uk
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tavakol
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahemei-Madeseh
authors.forename: Sima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Torabi
authors.forename: Jackie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goode
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D012737:Sex Factors; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology