title: Randomized trials and collaborative research in epilepsy surgery: future directions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for evaluating therapeutic interventions, surgical RCTs are particularly challenging and few have been done in the field of epilepsy surgery. We assess the level of RCT activity in epilepsy surgery and propose feasible alternatives to develop sustainable research initiatives in this area.
  
  
  METHODS
  We undertook a systematic review of the world literature to assess the level of RCT activity in epilepsy surgery. Previous personal experience with RCTs in epilepsy surgery and examples of successful Canadian multicentre research networks were reviewed to propose initiatives for sustainable, valid research in epilepsy surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 12 RCTs in epilepsy surgery, including 692 patients, of whom 416 were involved in vagus nerve stimulation, 16 in various brain electrostimulation procedures, 180 in comparisons of different surgical techniques, and 80 in a comparison of medical versus surgical therapy. Most studies were of short duration (median=3 months, range 3-12 months). In the area of resective surgery, only temporal lobe epilepsy has been subjected to any type of RCT comparison. All RCTs have been done within the last 13 years. There were no multicentre Canadian surgical studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The adoption of RCTs in epilepsy surgery has been slow and difficult worldwide. Because of its universal health care system and its well established epilepsy surgery centres, Canada is in a strong position to create a national epilepsy surgery research initiative capable of undertaking high quality, sustainable research in epilepsy surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wiebe
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jette
mesh_terms: D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000639:trends*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome