title: Differences in coronary heart disease prevalence and risk factors in African and White patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is rare in sub-Saharan Africans; there are few data in African diabetic populations. We therefore evaluated the prevalence of CHD and conventional risk factors in 744 consecutive African (A, n=448) and White European (W, n=296) subjects with type 2 diabetes. CHD was present in 4% of A and in 23% of W (p<0.001). Compared with W, the A groups had lower total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels: men: TC-W, 5.76 (S.D., 1.36) and A, 4.98 (1.29)mmol/l; TG-W, 2.10 (IQR,1.40-3.00) and A, 1.60 (1.10-2.55)mmol/l; women: TC-W, 5.85 (1.31) and A, 5.20 (1.24); TG-2.00 (1.40-2.90) and A, 1.40 (1.00-2.03)mmol/l (p< or =0.0022 for each comparison). The A had significantly lower TG:HDL-C ratios (an index of insulin resistance) (p=0.004) and were less likely to have (estimated) small dense LDL-C particles (p< or =0.038). In subjects with established CHD traditional risk factors were similar in A and W. Regression analysis revealed that CHD associated in A with serum creatinine (p=0.0015) and TC (p=0.038) and with TG in W (p=0.0072). We conclude that the rarity of CHD in diabetic Africans can be explained by contributions of low TC levels and probably lesser insulin resistance and its consequences; renal disease may be an important additional risk factor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. john.kalk@derbyhospitals.nhs.uk
authors.forename: W John
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kalk
authors.forename: Barry I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Joffe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides