title: ABCC2 (MRP2, cMOAT) can be localized in the nuclear membrane of ovarian carcinomas and correlates with resistance to cisplatin and clinical outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cisplatin resistance is a major obstacle in the treatment of ovarian carcinoma. ABCC2 is commonly localized in apical cell membranes and could confer cisplatin resistance. Here, we show that ABCC2 can be localized in the cytoplasmic membrane as well as in the nuclear membrane of various human tissues including ovarian carcinoma cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  For the subcellular detection of ABCC2, immunohistochemistry was done using 41 Federation Internationale des Gynaecologistes et Obstetristes stage III ovarian carcinoma specimens prepared before treatment with cisplatin-based schemes and 35 specimens from the same group after chemotherapy. Furthermore, 11 ovarian carcinoma cell lines as well as tissue microarrays consisting of various human tissues were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nuclear membranous localization of ABCC2 was associated with response to first-line chemotherapy at primary (P = 0.0013) and secondary surgery (P = 0.0060). Cases with relapse showed higher nuclear membrane expression at primary (P = 0.0003) and secondary surgery (P = 0.0024). Kaplan-Meier analyses showed that weak nuclear membrane ABCC2 expression before treatment was associated with significantly longer overall (P = 0.04) and progression-free survival (P = 0.001); following chemotherapy, it correlated with significantly longer progression-free survival (P = 0.038). Tissue microarrays confirmed nuclear membranous localization of ABCC2, in particular, in poorly differentiated cells. In ovarian carcinoma cells, it correlated with resistance against cisplatin, whereas localization in the cytoplasmic membrane did not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ABCC2 confers resistance to cisplatin of ovarian carcinoma in cell culture systems and in clinics when expressed in the nuclear membrane. Thus, ABCC2 localization can predict platinum therapy outcome. Furthermore, expression of ABCC2 in nuclear membranes in human tissues is specific for poorly differentiated cells including stem cells.
authors.affiliation: Charité Campus Mitte, Institute of Pathology, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Pawel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Surowiak
authors.forename: Verena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Materna
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kaplenko
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spaczynski
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dolinska-Krajewska
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gebarowska
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dietel
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zabel
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lage
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D000089762:Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012008:Recurrence; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002945:Cisplatin; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D000089762:Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C000715087:ABCC2 protein, human