title: Trends in hospital care for hip fractures.
abstract: To assess the impact of the aging population on the occurrence of fragility fractures, we examined hospital discharges for hip fracture among U.S. women and men aged 45 years and older from 1993 through to 2003. The number of hospitalizations declined by 5%, and age-adjusted rates fell by over 20% for both women and men during this period.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Although the aging of the population should mean an increasing burden of fragility fractures, several recently published reports suggest regional declines in the incidence of hip fracture. We investigated trends in hospital discharges and utilization for hip fractures across the USA from 1993 to 2003.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital discharges from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 1993 through to 2003 were analyzed for numbers of primary diagnosis of hip fracture and associated average length of stay (LOS) and charges among women and men aged 45 years and older. Age-specific rates were constructed using national census data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over the 11-year study period the number of hospitalizations for hip fractures decreased by 5%, from 296,000 to 281,000. The numbers of discharges declined by 16,600 (7.4%) for women and increased by 1900 (2.6%) among men. However, age-adjusted rates for both women and men fell by about 20%. Average hospital LOS was reduced by about 35% for both sexes, resulting in decreases in days of care of 42 and 33% for women and men, respectively. At the same time, average inflation-adjusted charges for each hospitalization grew by 35% for women and 38% for men, and increasing proportions of patients were discharged to continuing institutional care. During the study interval the total number of prescriptions per year for bisphosphonate anti-resorptive agents grew from under 0.5 to 30 million.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the increasing size of the older segment of the U.S. population, hospitalizations for hip fractures are not increasing. With declining lengths of stay there has been a reduced demand on hospital resources, although with average charges per hospitalization rising and more patients being discharged to other institutions for continuing care the economic consequences of hip fracture continue to increase.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. gehlbach@schoolph.umass.edu
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Gehlbach
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Avrunin
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Puleo
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003266:Continuity of Patient Care / Q000639:trends; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000639:trends; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000639:trends; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D010351:Patient Discharge / Q000639:trends; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates