title: [Significance of the mitochondrial D-loop alterations in hyperplastic pancreatic ductal cells in the vicinity of pancreatic cancer coexisting with chronic pancreatitis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the significance of mitochondrial D-loop alterations in hyperplastic pancreatic ductal cells in vicinity of pancreatic cancer coexisting with chronic pancreatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Malignant lesions and foci of pancreatic ductal intraepithelial neoplasia of the pancreas and paired normal gastric mucosal epithelial cells from the same patients, respectively, were assessed by polymerase chain reaction. Somatic point mutations and sequence variants of D-loop were searched by direct sequencing of the mitochondrial genome. D-loops were sequenced by BLAST to identify their mutations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven of 12 pancreatic cancers displayed at least one D-loop variants and one tumor presented heteroplasmy. There was an apparent increase in incidence of D-loop mutational rate from PanIN1 (33.3%) to PanIN3 (75%, P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mitochondrial D-loop alterations in the pancreas occur in the earliest premalignant lesions and exhibite an increasing occurence that parallels histological severity. These alterations may serve as a valuable marker to follow the histopathological progression of the lesions. Large number of further studies are required to clarify clinical implications of the mitochondrial DNA alterations.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: De-Qing
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.forename: Li-Jie
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Shu-Yu
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Jiang-Tao
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001483:Base Sequence; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D010183:Pancreatic Ducts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D050500:Pancreatitis, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial