title: Pediatric residency duty hours before and after limitations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goals were to examine pediatric resident and program director experiences implementing the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education work hour limits and to compare duty hours, moonlighting, and fatigue before and after the limits became effective.
  
  
  METHODS
  National random samples of 500 pediatric residents who graduated in 2002 and in 2004 were surveyed to compare resident duty hours and fatigue before and after the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education limits were implemented. In addition, all US pediatric residency program directors were surveyed at the end of the 2003/2004 academic year, to provide a complementary retrospective examination of limit implementation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Totals of 65%, 61%, and 83% of 2002 residents, 2004 residents, and program directors, respectively, responded. The proportion of residents who reported working >80 hours per week declined from 49% for NICU/PICU rotations before the limits to 18% after limit implementation. Resident well-being was the factor identified most often by both residents and program directors as being improved since the limitations. Multivariate modeling also showed reductions in the proportions of residents who reported falling asleep while driving from work or making errors in patient care because of fatigue. Overall, 89% of pediatric residents and program directors reported that the current system is effective in ensuring appropriate working hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education duty hour limits went into effect, pediatric residents report working fewer hours and making fewer patient care errors because of fatigue. Although room for additional improvement remains, the experiences of residents and program directors suggest that implementation of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education limits in pediatric residency programs is improving resident well-being.
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Services Research, American Academy of Pediatrics, 141 Northwest Point Blvd, Elk Grove Village, IL 60007, USA. wcull@aap.org
authors.forename: William L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Cull
authors.forename: Holly J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Mulvey
authors.forename: Ethan A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Jewett
authors.forename: Edwin L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Zalneraitis
authors.forename: Carl E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005221:Fatigue / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000193:education*; D008486:Physician Executives; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D016526:Workload / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*