title: Effects of dental probing on occlusal surfaces--a scanning electron microscopy evaluation.
abstract: The aim of this clinical-morphological study was to investigate the effects of dental probing on occlusal surfaces by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Twenty sound occlusal surfaces of third molars and 20 teeth with initial carious lesions of 17- to 26-year-old patients (n = 18) were involved. Ten molars of each group were probed with a sharp dental probe (No. 23) before extraction; the other molars served as negative controls. After extraction of the teeth, the crowns were separated and prepared for the SEM study. Probing-related surface defects, enlargements and break-offs of occlusal pits and fissures were observed on all occlusal surfaces with initial carious lesions and on 2 sound surfaces, respectively. No traumatic defects whatsoever were visible on unprobed occlusal surfaces. This investigation confirms findings of light-microscopic studies that using a sharp dental probe for occlusal caries detection causes enamel defects. Therefore, dental probing should be considered as an inappropriate procedure and should be replaced by a meticulous visual inspection. Critical views of tactile caries detection methods with a sharp dental probe as a diagnostic tool seem to be inevitable in undergraduate and postgraduate dental education programmes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany. jkuehn@dent.med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuhnisch
authors.forename: Wolfram
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dietz
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stosser
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hickel
authors.forename: Roswitha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heinrich-Weltzien
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003762:Dental Instruments / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008964:Molar, Third / Q000648:ultrastructure*