title: Lupus-related advanced liver involvement as the initial presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a prototype of systemic autoimmune disease characterized by multiorgan involvement with diverse clinical and serological manifestations, principally affects women in their child-bearing years. Clinically significant hepatic abnormality as the initial presentation of SLE has rarely been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven patients with lupus with initial presentation of lupus-related hepatitis were included in this retrospective review. Clinical manifestation, immunological profiles, and risk factors for poor prognosis were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most commonly associated clinical manifestations were found to be thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, advancing age, and presence of anti-SSA/Ro antibody and anti-thyroid antibodies. The diagnosis of SLE was delayed due to dominant hepatic abnormalities. Age greater than 50 years and marked hepatic decompensation in accordance with Child classification B and C might suggest poor prognosis (p=0.06). However, the p value was not statistically significant because of the small sample size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lupus-related hepatitis, particularly in late-onset lupus, is common. In addition, the presence of anti-SSA, anti-thyroglobulin, and anti-microsomal antibodies is indicative of hepatic involvement in patients with SLE.
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, DaLin Tzu Chi Buddhist Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Chi
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Ko-Jen
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Song-Chou
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Cheng-Han
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Chia-Li
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D001323:Autoantibodies; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006505:Hepatitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007970:Leukopenia / Q000473:pathology; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D008177:Lupus Vulgaris / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020733:RNA, Small Cytoplasmic / Q000276:immunology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins / Q000276:immunology; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000473:pathology; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000276:immunology; D000099207:SS-A Antigen
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D001323:Autoantibodies; D001324:Autoantigens; D020733:RNA, Small Cytoplasmic; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins; C116006:RO60 protein, human; D000099207:SS-A Antigen; C006606:anti-thyroglobulin