title: New classification of hypoganglionosis: congenital and acquired hypoganglionosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hypoganglionosis has been associated with fewer intestinal ganglion cells. However, current reports questioned the validity of this clinical entity. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the existence of hypoganglionosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have experienced 24 cases of functional intestinal obstruction with abnormalities of the intestinal ganglia. A precise histological examination was performed using quantitative morphometric studies. These results were compared with age-matched controls (n = 13).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on histological examination, disorders in the ganglion cells could be classified into 3 categories: immaturity of ganglia (n = 13), congenital hypoganglionosis (n = 7), and acquired hypoganglionosis (n = 4). In congenital hypoganglionosis, the number as well as the size of ganglion cells are small at birth. The size of ganglion cells tends to increase over time, but their numbers do not increase; as a result, the symptoms of dysmotility do not improve. On the other hand, acquired hypoganglionosis is late onset and characterized as a degeneration of ganglion cells and gliosis histologically. After performing a resection of the affected bowel, the prognosis is usually good.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Congenital and acquired hypoganglionosis are 2 distinct entities. The histological findings as well as the clinical characteristics of these 2 types of hypoganglionosis are different.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. taguchi@pedsurg.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.forename: Kouji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Masumoto
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ieiri
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakatsuji
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Akiyoshi
mesh_terms: D004065:Digestive System Abnormalities / Q000473:pathology; D017615:Enteric Nervous System / Q000473:pathology; D005725:Ganglia, Autonomic / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000145:classification* / Q000151:congenital / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D007415:Intestinal Obstruction / Q000209:etiology*; D007422:Intestines / Q000294:innervation*