title: Contact area inside the distal radioulnar joint: effect of axial loading and position of the forearm.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A biomechanical study was performed to define the normal profiles of contact area inside the distal radioulnar joint and how these profiles change as a result of damage to the distal radioulnar ligaments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve cadaver arms were used and a custom-made jig was designed to allow axial loading of the hand. Tekscan sensor film was used to measure the contact area inside the joint. Measurements were taken with different loads and in different positions of the forearm. The same measurements were taken after dividing either the volar or dorsal distal radioulnar ligament. Finally the measurements were repeated after reconstruction of the divided ligament.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The contact area increases with axial loading of the hand and is greater in supination than pronation. Division of a single distal radioulnar ligament increases the contact area inside the distal radioulnar joint (123% of normal) and reconstruction of the divided distal radioulnar ligament restores the contact patterns towards the normal values (113% of normal).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results show that axial loading of the hand and position of the forearm has a significant effect on the contact area inside the distal radioulnar joint. The study also shows that injury of the distal radioulnar ligament disturbs the normal profiles of contact.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Wythenshawe Hospital, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, Manchester M23 9LT, UK.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shaaban
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giakas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bolton
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wicks
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Scheker
authors.forename: V C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Lees
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002102:Cadaver; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011884:Radius / Q000502:physiology; D014457:Ulna / Q000502:physiology; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology*; D014955:Wrist Joint / Q000502:physiology*