title: Validation of the ABILHAND questionnaire as a measure of manual ability in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hand and upper limb involvement is common in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, its impact on manual activities of daily life has not been fully evaluated. A measure of manual ability was developed, through the Rasch measurement model, by adapting and validating the ABILHAND questionnaire, which measures the patient's perceived difficulty in performing everyday manual activities.
  
  
  METHODS
  112 patients with RA were evaluated. The following tests were performed: the ABILHAND questionnaire, the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), the Jamar grip and key pinch strength tests, the Box and Block dexterity test and the Purdue pegboard dexterity test. In total, 35 patients were reassessed to determine the test-retest reliability of the ABILHAND, and 6 patients were studied before and after therapy with tumour necrosis factor (TNF) blockers to address sensitivity to change.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Rasch refinement of the ABILHAND led to a selection of 27 items rated on a 3-point scale. The resulting ability scale was targeted to the ability of the patients. The item-difficulty hierarchy was stable across demographic and clinical subgroups and over time. Grip and key pinch strength and manual and digital dexterity on both hands were significantly, though moderately, correlated with the ABILHAND measures. Manual ability was also significantly related to the number of affected hands, disease duration, tender and swollen joint counts on upper limbs, disease activity and the HAQ. Sensitivity to change was demonstrated in patients treated with TNF blockers, commensurate with their clinical improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ABILHAND questionnaire is a clinically valid person-centred measure of manual ability that could be useful in longitudinal RA studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, 10, B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium. patrick.durez@ruma.ucl.ac.be
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Durez
authors.forename: Virginie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fraselle
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Houssiau
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Thonnard
authors.forename: Henri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nielens
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Penta
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand; D006227:Hand Deformities, Acquired; D018737:Hand Strength; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009048:Motor Skills; D052581:Pinch Strength; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha