title: Added value of SPECT/CT in patients suspected of having bone infection: preliminary results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the contribution of SPECT/CT as an adjunct to combined three-phase bone scintigraphy (planar and SPECT) for diagnosing and localizing bone infection. Subsequently, the diagnostic performance of SPECT/CT was compared to visual fusion of SPECT with data of additional CT, X-ray, or MRI studies (SPECT + CT/X-ray/MRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one patients suspected of bone infection, presenting pathological findings on triple-phase bone scintigraphy, underwent additional SPECT/CT. The SPECT/CT-technology combines the acquisition of SPECT and CT data with the same imaging device enabling perfect overlay of anatomical and functional images. (99m)Tc-DPD was used as radiopharmaceutical in all patients. For data analysis findings of bone scintigraphy (planar scans as well as SPECT) were categorized as positive, negative, or equivocal for the presence of osteomyelitis. In a second step, they were compared with SPECT/CT and SPECT + CT/X-ray/MRI with respect to localization and classification of lesions. Validation was achieved by surgery, biopsy, or by clinical follow up over at least 9 months including microbiological and radiological findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three-phase bone scan (incl. SPECT) correctly classified 7 lesions as positive and 11 lesions as negative for osteomyelitis. Six scans were interpreted false positive, two false negative, and five as equivocal. Rating the latter as positive for osteomyelitis, sensitivity of bone scan was (78%), specificity (50%). SPECT/CT was true positive in 7 patients, and true negative in 19. There were two false positive and two false negative findings, one scan was equivocal (sensitivity 78%, specificity 86%). Definition of anatomical localization of inflammatory foci was much easier by SPECT/CT due to better depiction of underlying anatomical details. SPECT + CT/X-ray/MRI yielded the highest sensitivity (100% compared to 78% of SPECT/CT), if equivocal findings (5/31 compared to 1/31 for SPECT/CT) are rated as true positive for osteomyelitis. Among radiological techniques, MRI (2 x FP) and CT (2 x FN) proved equal and expectedly superior to X-ray in delivering the correct diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SPECT/CT improves the diagnostic performance of three-phase bone scan for osteomyelitis by avoiding false positive or equivocal results. An additional benefit over visual fusion of SPECT with X-ray, CT, or MRI studies could not be confirmed in our study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 3, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany. mshorger@med.uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: Marius
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horger
authors.forename: Susanne Martina
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Eschmann
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pfannenberg
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Storek
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vonthein
authors.forename: Claus D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Claussen
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bares
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals