title: Listening to Turkish classical music decreases patients' anxiety, pain, dissatisfaction and the dose of sedative and analgesic drugs during colonoscopy: a prospective randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether listening to music decreases the requirement for dosages of sedative drugs, patients' anxiety, pain and dissatisfaction feelings during colonoscopy and makes the procedure more comfortable and acceptable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients undergoing elective colonoscopy between October 2005 and February 2006 were randomized into either listening to music (Group 1, n = 30) or not listening to music (Group 2, n = 30). Anxiolytic and analgesic drugs (intravenous midazolam and meperidine) were given according to the patients' demand. Administered medications were monitored. We determined their levels of anxiety using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Test form. Patients' satisfaction, pain, and willingness to undergo a repeated procedure were self-assessed using a visual analog scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean dose of sedative and analgesic drugs used in group 1 (midazolam: 2.1 +/- 1.4, meperidine: 18.1 +/- 11.7) was smaller than group 2 (midazolam: 2.4 +/- 1.0, meperidine: 20.6 +/- 11.5), but without a significant difference (P > 0.05). The mean anxiety level in group 1 was lower than group 2 (36.7 +/- 2.2 vs 251.0 +/- 1.9, P < 0.001). The mean satisfaction score was higher in group 1 compared to group 2 (87.8 +/- 3.1 vs 58.1 +/- 3.4, P < 0.001). The mean pain score in group 1 was lower than group 2 (74.1 +/- 4.7 vs 39.0 +/- 3.9, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Listening to music during colonoscopy helps reduce the dose of sedative medications, as well as patients' anxiety, pain, dissatisfaction during the procedure. Therefore, we believe that listening to music can play an adjunctive role to sedation in colonoscopy. It is a simple, inexpensive way to improve patients' comfort during the procedure.
authors.affiliation: Gaziantep University, School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nimet
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ovayolu
authors.forename: Ozlem
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ucan
authors.forename: Seda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pehlivan
authors.forename: Yavuz
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pehlivan
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Buyukhatipoglu
authors.forename: M-Cemil
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Savas
authors.forename: Murat-T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Gulsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001007:Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009147:Music Therapy; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012064:Relaxation Therapy; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives