title: Resting metabolic rate and respiratory quotient: results from a genome-wide scan in the Quebec Family Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genes influencing resting metabolic rate (RMR) and respiratory quotient (RQ) represent candidate genes for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome because of the involvement of these traits in energy balance and substrate oxidation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We conducted a genome-wide scan for quantitative trait loci (QTL) contributing to the variability in RMR and RQ.
  
  
  METHODS
  Regression-based and variance components-based genome-wide autosomal scans on RMR and RQ phenotypes, obtained from indirect calorimetry, were performed in 169 families ascertained via an obese proband or from the general population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found evidence for linkage to RMR on chromosomes 3q26.1 (lod = 2.74), 1q21.2 (2.44), and 22q12.3 (1.33). QTL influencing RQ were found on chromosomes 12q13 (1.65) and 14q22 (1.83) when the analyses were performed in all families. Considerable locus heterogeneity within this population was suggested because most of the families were unlinked to any one quantitative trait locus. Significant associations between traits and linked microsatellites were detected within the linked, informative subsets.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found several new QTL for energy metabolism, but the QTL on 1q may be a replication of the one reported in Pima Indians. All 3 RMR linkages overlapped regions previously linked to the metabolic syndrome or its components, and the significant association between RMR and the metabolic syndrome in the present cohort reinforces this relation. We conclude that considerable locus heterogeneity exists even within populations, which should be taken into account when considering candidate gene studies of energy metabolism phenotypes and other complex traits.
authors.affiliation: Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: Tuomo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rankinen
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tremblay
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pérusse
authors.forename: Yvon C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chagnon
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bouchard
mesh_terms: D001481:Basal Metabolism / Q000235:genetics*; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D015894:Genome, Human; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008126:Lod Score; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000235:genetics; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci / Q000235:genetics; D011792:Quebec