title: Ocular findings in the chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the ocular features of the chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and to provide ophthalmologic examination recommendations for affected patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ocular abnormalities were evaluated prospectively in patients with 22q11.2 deletion at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia between 1997 and 1999.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety patients with confirmed 22q11.2 deletion were examined. Posterior embryotoxon was found in 49%, tortuous retinal vessels in 34%, eyelid hooding in 20%, strabismus in 18%, ptosis in 4%, amblyopia in 4%, and tilted optic nerves in 1%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high incidence of ocular conditions that can potentially affect visual development suggest that children with 22q11.2 deletion should undergo a comprehensive eye examination upon diagnosis of the condition with follow-up as indicated by the findings in each case. In addition, knowledge of the ocular findings, in conjunction with certain cardiac, otolaryngologic, immunologic, and other systemic findings, may alert physicians to the possibility of a chromosome 22q11.2 deletion.
authors.affiliation: Division of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. forbesb@email.chop.edu <forbesb@email.chop.edu>
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Forbes
authors.forename: Gil
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Binenbaum
authors.forename: Jane C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Edmond
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: DeLarato
authors.forename: Donna M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: McDonald-McGinn
authors.forename: Elaine H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Zackai
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D002892:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 / Q000235:genetics*; D004062:DiGeorge Syndrome / Q000235:genetics*; D005124:Eye Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies