title: Prospective cohort study of central venous catheters among internal medicine ward patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Central venous catheter (CVC) use is less well described for patients outside the intensive care unit. We evaluated CVCs and the associated bloodstream infection rate among patients admitted to the general medical service.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a prospective cohort study of patients who had a CVC on admission or inserted during their stay on the general medical service in a public teaching hospital, November 15, 2004, to March 31, 2005.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 106 CVCs, 52 were present on admission and 54 were inserted; there were 682 catheter-days. The primary bloodstream infection rate was 4.4 per 1000 catheter-days (95% CI: 0.9-13): highest for catheters inserted in the emergency department compared with those inserted on other units (24 vs 1.7 per 1000 catheter-days), P = .045. By multivariable analysis, inadequate dressings were more likely among patients with a body mass index > or =30 kg/m(2), adjusted odds ratio, 3.4 (95% CI: 1.4-8.0).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many CVCs had previously been inserted in the emergency department or intensive care unit; therefore, strategies to reduce bloodstream infections that focus on ward insertion practices may not dramatically reduce bloodstream infection rates. Intervention strategies should target improved dressing care and consideration of early removal or replacement of catheters inserted in the emergency department.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Stroger Hospital of Cook County and Rush Medical College, 1900 W. Polk Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. wtrick@cchil.org
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Trick
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: Arthur T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Marjorie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Charles-Damte
authors.forename: Brendan M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Reilly
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Clarke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D001458:Bandages / Q000009:adverse effects; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002641:Chicago / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006748:Hospital Departments; D006779:Hospitals, Public; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D017053:Infection Control / Q000458:organization & administration; D007388:Internal Medicine; D008297:Male; D008485:Medical Audit; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors