title: Risk factors for sporadic Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 infections in FoodNet sites, 1999-2000.
abstract: To monitor risk factors for illness, we conducted a case-control study of sporadic Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 (STEC O157) infections in 1999-2000. Laboratory-confirmed cases of STEC O157 infection were identified through active laboratory surveillance in all or part of seven states. Patients and age-matched controls were interviewed by telephone using a standard questionnaire. Information was collected on demographics, clinical illness, and exposures to food, water, and animals in the 7 days before the patient's illness onset. During the 12-month study, 283 patients and 534 controls were enrolled. STEC O157 infection was associated with eating pink hamburgers, drinking untreated surface water, and contact with cattle. Eating produce was inversely associated with infection. Direct or indirect contact with cattle waste continues to be a leading identified source of sporadic STEC O157 infections.
authors.affiliation: Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. avoetsch@cdc.gov
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Voetsch
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Keene
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rabatsky-Ehr
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zansky
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mohle-Boetani
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Sparling
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: McGavern
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Mead
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019453:Escherichia coli O157; D005260:Female; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology