title: One-trocar laparoscopy-aided gastrostomy in handicapped children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy has become a common technique to provide nutritional support to handicapped children with swallowing disorders; however, this technique is sometimes associated with serious complications. We report a novel method of 1-trocar laparoscopy-aided gastrostomy with special reference to its influence on gastroesophageal reflux (GER).
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects consisted of 22 profoundly handicapped children, aged from 1 to 14 years (median, 7 years). Twenty-four-hour esophageal pH monitoring was conducted preoperatively in all subjects and performed postoperatively in 12. The criteria for gastrostomy alone included no significant symptoms related to GER and distal esophageal acid exposure of less than 15%. Esophageal acid exposure was evaluated at the distal esophagus (P1) and at 10 cm proximal to P1 (P2). Stamm gastrostomy was performed by grasping the anterior gastric wall with forceps inserted through an operating channel associated with a laparoscope. Data are expressed as medians and ranges.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were neither perioperative mortality nor life-threatening complications except the detachment of the gastrostomy in one. Esophageal acid exposure was significantly increased postoperatively compared to preoperatively at P1 (2.1% [0.0%-4.7%] vs 4.6% [0.2%-8.7%], P = .02), but did not change much at P2 (0.2% [0.0%-1.5%] vs 0.8% [0.0%-7.6%], P = .07). No patient developed postoperative symptoms related to GER.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One-trocar laparoscopy-aided gastrostomy is a feasible technique for handicapped children without symptomatic GER.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan. kawahara@mch.pref.osaka.jp
authors.forename: Hisayoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Hiroomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okuyama
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Gakuto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tani
authors.forename: Yamanaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hiroaki
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okada
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000601:surgery*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005774:Gastrostomy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010535:Laparoscopy