title: Is the Pain Stages of Change Questionnaire (PSOCQ) a useful tool for predicting participation in a self-management programme? Further evidence of validity, on a sample of UK pain clinic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the context of finite health resources, encouraging self-management of chronic conditions is important. Indeed, it is a key priority in the UK. An increasing number of self-management programmes are becoming available. However, patients may not always choose to participate in them. Some will prefer a more directed or medically orientated treatment. The acceptability of self-management programmes for patients suffering from chronic pain is an important issue. Few measures exist that examine the process of change to a self-management approach. The Pain Stages of Change Questionnaire (PSOCQ) was evaluated for this purpose in the present study. Hypotheses were centred around criterion and construct validity of the PSOCQ.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of pain patients was surveyed about their interest in participating in a lay-led self-management programme ('the Expert Patients Programme'). In addition, participants completed two psychometric measures: the Pain Stages of Change Questionnaire (PSOCQ) together with the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ). This is the first study as far as we are aware to examine these two scales together. The psychometric properties of the PSOCQ were examined. Analyses focused on the associations between the PSOCQ scores and interest in participating in the self-management programme. Further associations were examined between the PSOCQ and the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results demonstrated qualified support for the PSOCQ, in particular the Contemplation sub-scale. There was a significant positive association between interest and likelihood of joining the self-management programme and contemplation scores. The action and maintenance sub-scales appeared to be measuring a unitary dimension. The associations between the PSOCQ and the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire were in the directions predicted. The limitations of the study were discussed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results showed some support for the PSOCQ as a potentially useful tool in assessing who may or may not be likely to join a self-management course.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Rehabilitation, University of Hull, UK. j.l.carr@hull.ac.uk <j.l.carr@hull.ac.uk>
authors.forename: Jane L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: Jennifer A Klaber
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Moffett
authors.forename: Donald M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.forename: Derek R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Haines
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018710:Pain Clinics / Q000592:standards*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D010148:Intractable Pain / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018579:Patient Selection; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D012648:Self Care / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000592:standards*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D006113:United Kingdom