title: Examining subtypes of behavior problems among 3-year-old children, Part I: investigating validity of subtypes and biological risk-factors.
abstract: This study examined 3-year-old children who were classified as hyperactive (HYP), oppositional-defiant (OD), hyperactive and oppositional defiant (HYP/OD), and non-problem based on mothers' reports of behavior. Using fathers,' teachers,' and observers' ratings of children's behavior, concurrent validity was excellent for the HYP/OD group, moderate for the HYP group, and poor for the OD group. As predicted, both the HYP/OD and HYP groups reported more prenatal/perinatal birth complications and a greater family history of hyperactivity than did non-problem children. Furthermore, the HYP/OD group showed a greater family history of conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms than did non-problem children; however, the HYP group also showed a greater family history of ODD than did non-problem children. Results suggest that as early as age 3, these behavior subtypes appear to be linked to biologically-based risk-factors in ways that are consistent with theories of the development of ADHD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Tobin Hall, 135 Hicks Way, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. eharvey@psych.umass.edu
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: Julie L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Friedman-Weieneth
authors.forename: Lauren H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Alison H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Sherman
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology; D017028:Caregivers; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000145:classification* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D010290:Parents; D011247:Pregnancy; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000453:epidemiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014743:Videotape Recording