title: Oxidants in chronic kidney disease.
abstract: Chronic kidney disease is a worldwide public health problem that affects approximately 10% of the US adult population and is associated with a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease and high economic cost. Chronic renal insufficiency, once established, tends to progress to end-stage kidney disease, suggesting some common mechanisms for ultimately causing scarring and further nephron loss. This review defines the term reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM), or oxidants, and presents the available experimental evidence in support of the role of oxidants in diabetic and nondiabetic glomerular disease and their role in tubulointerstitial damage that accompanies progression. It concludes by reviewing the limited human data that provide some proof of concept that the observations in experimental models may be relevant to human disease.
authors.affiliation: University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Slot 501, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA. shahsudhirv@uams.edu
authors.forename: Sudhir V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Radhakrishna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baliga
authors.forename: Mohan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rajapurkar
authors.forename: Vivian A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Fonseca
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D009402:Nephrosis, Lipoid / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D016877:Oxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016877:Oxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species