title: AT1 receptor blockade prevents microvascular dysfunction induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury.
abstract: Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in post-arterior post-capillary venules induces an acute inflammatory response, characterized by increased adherence and emigration of leukocytes and vascular permeability, all of which play important roles in cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to determine the roles of angiotensin II and AT1 receptor blockade in microvascular I/R injury in rats. Rats were anesthetized and intubated, then the peritoneum was opened and the mesentery was revealed. Small post-capillary venules were examined by in vivo fluorescence microscopy. The flow of erythrocytes and leukocytes was observed under the microscope and video recorded for later dynamic analyses. The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was ligated with polyethylene tubing and released to induce I/R (20 min of ischemia/60 min of reperfusion). Subsequently, leukocyte adhesion, emigration and albumin leakage were compared with those of non-I/R controls. I/R injury was significantly suppressed by superfusing tissues with the AT1 receptor antagonist losartan (LO; 10 microM). The beneficial effects of LO were inhibited by topical application of either the bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist HOE140 (10 nM) or nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME 10 microM). The effects of LO were lost in the presence of AT2 receptor blocker PD 123319 (PD). In conclusion, LO suppressed and protected against I/R injuries. The possible interaction between AT1 and AT2 receptors was also suggested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I, School of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaiga-oka, Hasama, Yufu city, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akiyoshi
authors.forename: Tadafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akimitsu
authors.forename: Masahide
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Tetsunori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saikawa
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshimatsu
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000502:physiology*; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D036904:Leukocyte Rolling / Q000187:drug effects*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000502:physiology; D019808:Losartan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008643:Mesentery / Q000098:blood supply; D023421:Models, Animal; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014699:Venules / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries; D014743:Videotape Recording
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000804:Angiotensin II; C065679:icatibant; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D019808:Losartan; D001920:Bradykinin