title: [Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the effect of intensive insulin therapy on improving the condition of critically ill patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, randomized, controlled study involving adults receiving mechanical ventilation was performed. On admission, critically ill patients were randomly assigned to receive intensive insulin therapy (infusion of insulin only if the blood glucose level exceeded 6.1 mmol/L and maintenance of blood glucose at a level 4.4-6.1 mmol/L, IT group) and conventional treatment (infusion of insulin only if the blood glucose level exceeded 11.9 mmol/L and maintenance of blood glucose at a level 10.0-11.1 mmol/L, CT group). The blood glucose was detected every 4 hours. The days of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), time of the ventilatory support needed, the time for retention of tracheal intubation, the morning blood glucose level (6 am), the intake of nonprotein calories per day, the dosage of required insulin per day,therapeutic intervention scoring system-28 (TISS-28) score,human leukocyte antigen (locus) DR (HLA-DR), CD4+/CD8+, the mortality rate,acute renal failure (serum creatine >221 micromol/L), bilirubinemia (total bilirubin >34.2 micromol/L),the number of patients who received red-cell transfusions,fever (temperature in mouth >38.5 centigrade) and the rate of hypoglycemia were determined and registered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a total of 116 patients enrolled, intensive insulin therapy reduced mortality rate (44.83 % with conventional treatment, compared with 12.07 % with intensive insulin therapy,P< 0.01). Intensive insulin therapy reduced the days of stay in ICU, TISS-28 score per day, time of the ventilatory support needed, time for retention of tracheal intubation, mean morning blood glucose levels (6 am) compared with those in CT group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and patients receiving intensive insulin therapy were less likely to require intensive care. Intensive insulin therapy also raised consumption of insulin per day, HLA-DR and CD4+/CD8+ obviously (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compare with the morbidity between two groups, the incidence of fever due to infection, acute renal failure and red-cell transfusions were higher in CT group (all P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intensive insulin therapy maintaining blood glucose at a level 4.4-6.1 mmol/L reduces mortality rate among critically ill patients.
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou310006, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Ling-cong
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Yan-chun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jian-nong
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Lan-fang
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Tian-rong
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Hui-fang
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Hai-xiang
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Xue-hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Ye
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016638:Critical Illness; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin