title: Development of different comprehensive two dimensional systems for the separation of phenolic antioxidants.
abstract: Three different comprehensive 2-D HPLC systems for the separation of phenolic antioxidants have been developed on the basis of different selectivities of a PEG-silica column in the first dimension and a packed or monolithic C18 or a ZR-CARBON column, respectively, in the second dimension. Two-dimensional comprehensive liquid chromatography using a serially connected short PEG-silica column and a conventional C18-silica or a ZR-CARBON column in the second dimension was tested to improve the resolution of the earlier eluting compounds in the first dimension. Various types of interface were used to connect the columns in the first and in the second dimension: i) two injection sampling loops of 100 microL in conventional arrangement; ii) a 10-port 2-position valve equipped with two trapping X-Terra columns instead of loops; and iii) two analytical D2 columns in parallel. The mobile phase in the first dimension has a lower elution strength than in the second dimension, allowing band compression of the solutes transferred from the first to the second dimension. This effect was enhanced using trapping columns instead of sampling loops as the interface between the two dimensions, thus allowing a decrease in the time of analysis. These systems were used for the analysis of beer samples. The relative location of the components in the 2-D retention plane varied in relation to their chemical structure in each instrumental set-up and allowed positive peak identification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cacciola
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jandera
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Blahová
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mondello
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001515:Beer; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D002845:Chromatography / Q000379:methods; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D007700:Kinetics; D019800:Phenol / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D019800:Phenol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D002244:Carbon; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D015040:Zirconium; C028541:zirconium oxide