title: Calciphylaxis: natural history, risk factor analysis, and outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Calciphylaxis is characterized by ischemic cutaneous ulceration, high mortality, and ineffective treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective study of 64 patients with calciphylaxis (including 49 dialysis patients age- and sex-matched to 98 dialysis controls).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The estimated 1-year survival rate of calciphylaxis was 45.8%. Risk factors for calciphylaxis included obesity, liver disease, systemic corticosteroid use, calcium-phosphate product more than 70 mg(2)/dL(2), and serum aluminum greater than 25 ng/mL. Survival rates were similar for 16 patients who received parathyroidectomy and 47 who did not. An estimated 1-year survival rate of 61.6% was observed for 17 patients receiving surgical debridement compared with 27.4% for the 46 who did not (P = .008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study was limited by its retrospective design and there was no control group for the 15 nondialysis cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Calciphylaxis is multifactorial and usually fatal. Prevention of calciphylaxis may include correction of risk factors identified in this study. Surgical debridement was associated with improved survival, but parathyroidectomy was not.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. weenig.roger@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Roger H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Weenig
authors.forename: Lindsay D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Sewell
authors.forename: Mark D P
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Pittelkow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002115:Calciphylaxis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002423:Cause of Death; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003646:Debridement / Q000379:methods; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016105:Parathyroidectomy / Q000379:methods; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D035583:Rare Diseases; D012016:Reference Values; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents