title: Human papillomavirus in normal conjunctival tissue and in conjunctival papilloma: types and frequencies in a large series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine conjunctival papilloma and normal conjunctival tissue for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV).
  
  
  METHODS
  Archival paraffin wax-embedded tissue from 165 conjunctival papillomas and from 20 histological normal conjunctival biopsy specimens was analysed for the presence of HPV by PCR. Specimens considered HPV positive using consensus primers, but with a negative or uncertain PCR result using type-specific HPV probes, were analysed with DNA sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HPV was present in 86 of 106 (81%) beta-globin-positive papillomas. HPV type 6 was positive in 80 cases, HPV type 11 was identified in 5 cases and HPV type 45 was present in a single papilloma. All the 20 normal conjunctival biopsy specimens were beta-globin positive and HPV negative.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a strong association between HPV and conjunctival papilloma. The study presents the largest material of conjunctival papilloma investigated for HPV and the first investigation of HPV in normal conjunctival tissue. HPV types 6 and 11 are the most common HPV types in conjunctival papilloma. This also is the first report of HPV type 45 in conjunctival papilloma.
authors.affiliation: Eye Pathology Institute, University of Copenhagen, Frederik V's Vej 11, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
authors.forename: Nicolai Christian
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Sjö
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: von Buchwald
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cassonnet
authors.forename: Bodil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Norrild
authors.forename: Jan Ulrik
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Prause
authors.forename: Troels
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vinding
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heegaard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000473:pathology; D003230:Conjunctival Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010212:Papilloma / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods