Remote sensing of ammonia and sulfur dioxide from on-road light duty vehicles.
This study reports the largest data set of on-road, fuel-based mass emissions of ammonia and sulfur dioxide from vehicles of known make, model year, and fuel type. Ammonia is the first pollutant observed for which the emissions decrease with increasing fleet age from 10 to 20 years. The fixed nitrogen emission ratio is 15.0% by mass and 24.7% by mole, larger than current models predict. Diesel fueled vehicles emit more SO2 than gasoline, and unexpectedly, gasoline SO2 emissions decrease continuously with newer model year vehicles.
Burgard
Daniel A
DA
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, USA.
Bishop
Gary A
GA
Stedman
Donald H
DH
D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis*; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005742:Gasoline; D018986:Motor Vehicles / Q000145:classification; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000032:analysis*; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis*
D005742:Gasoline; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide; D000641:Ammonia