title: Practice parameters for the psychological and behavioral treatment of insomnia: an update. An american academy of sleep medicine report.
abstract: Insomnia is highly prevalent, has associated daytime consequences which impair job performance and quality of life, and is associated with increased risk of comorbidities including depression. These practice parameters provide recommendations regarding behavioral and psychological treatment approaches, which are often effective in primary and secondary insomnia. These recommendations replace or modify those published in the 1999 practice parameter paper produced by the American Sleep Disorders Association. A Task Force of content experts was appointed by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine to perform a comprehensive review of the scientific literature since 1999 and to grade the evidence regarding non-pharmacological treatments of insomnia. Recommendations were developed based on this review using evidence-based methods. These recommendations were developed by the Standards of Practice Committee and reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Psychological and behavioral interventions are effective in the treatment of both chronic primary insomnia (Standard) and secondary insomnia (Guideline). Stimulus control therapy, relaxation training, and cognitive behavior therapy are individually effective therapies in the treatment of chronic insomnia (Standard) and sleep restriction therapy, multicomponent therapy (without cognitive therapy), biofeedback and paradoxical intention are individually effective therapies in the treatment of chronic insomnia (Guideline). There was insufficient evidence to recommend sleep hygiene education, imagery training and cognitive therapy as single therapies or when added to other specific approaches. Psychological and behavioral interventions are effective in the treatment of insomnia in older adults and in the treatment of insomnia among chronic hypnotic users (Standard).
authors.affiliation: Mayo Sleep Disorders Center, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. morganthaler.timothy@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morgenthaler
authors.forename: Milton
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alessi
authors.forename: Leah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Boehlecke
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: Vishesh
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kapur
authors.forename: Teofilo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lee-Chiong
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pancer
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Swick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D012955:Societies, Medical