Retinal endovascular lysis in ischemic central retinal vein occlusion: one-year results of a pilot study.
OBJECTIVE
Retinal endovascular lysis is a new therapeutic option for patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). In this procedure, a fibrinolytic agent is injected directly into a cannulated retinal vein after pars plana vitrectomy.


METHODS
Prospective interventional case series.


METHODS
Thirteen strictly defined patients with ischemic CRVO.


METHODS
Patients with a decimal visual acuity (VA) of 0.2 or worse were scheduled for surgery within the first 5 months after onset of CRVO. A full ocular examination, determination of VA (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study charts), and fluorescein angiography were done preoperatively and 6, 12, 26, and 52 weeks postoperatively.


METHODS
Visual acuity 1 year after retinal endovascular lysis. Secondary study end points were (1) correlation of VA and successful recombinant tissue plasminogen activator injection into a retinal vein, (2) complication rate, and (3) number of additional surgical procedures within the first year after retinal endovascular lysis.


RESULTS
All patients had an ischemic CRVO and completed the 1-year follow-up visit. Preoperative decimal VA was 0.063 +0.025/-0.018 (VA range, light perception [LP]-0.2); 6-week postoperative VA, 0.049 +0.024/-0.016 (LP-0.4); 3-month postoperative VA, 0.043 +0.019/-0.014 (LP-0.3); 6-month postoperative VA, 0.035 +0.022/-0.013 (blindness-0.4); and 12-month postoperative VA, 0.04 +0.026/-0.016 (blindness-0.4). Visual acuity changed 1 year after retinal endovascular lysis by -1.923+/-1.619 lines (+6 to -16 lines; P = 0.258). We considered the retinal endovascular lysis procedure to have been technically successful in 10 eyes. Visual changes did not depend on successful lysis. Six eyes developed neovascular glaucoma, of which 2 globes ended up with painful phthisis and had to be removed. Retinal detachment was found in 3 eyes and cataract in 4. Together, the 13 eyes needed 22 additional surgical procedures. Preoperative and postoperative angiographic examinations showed no significant changes.


CONCLUSIONS
Ischemic CRVO patients did not profit from retinal endovascular lysis in this pilot study. Visual results and the risk of developing iris neovascularization and neovascular glaucoma took the natural course. Although these results may be due to the overall bad prognosis of these particular ischemic eyes, the number of postoperative complications is unacceptably high.
Feltgen
Nicolas
N
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. nicolas.feltgen@uniklinik-freiburg.de
Junker
Bernd
B
Agostini
Hansjuergen
H
Hansen
Lutz L
LL
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006438:Hemodilution; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012169:Retinal Vein / Q000187:drug effects*; D012170:Retinal Vein Occlusion / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014821:Vitrectomy
D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator