title: Characterization of the 12C4 survivin monoclonal antibody and insight into the expression of survivin in human adult tissues.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the expression and regulation of survivin in normal tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A novel monoclonal antibody (12C4) to survivin was generated. Application of this antibody to determine survivin expression in human normal adult tissues revealed that most adult tissues do not express survivin and, where it is present, survivin is largely restricted to a small subset of epithelial cells and cells with proliferative potential such as thymus. Survivin expression among positive tissues showed individual variations, ranging from zero to < 5% positive cells in epithelial cell populations. Testis is the only human adult tissue highly expressing survivin, with 60-70% positivity in the nuclei of spermatogonia. Consistent with deregulated expression of survivin associated with oncogenesis, we found that certain ligands and transcription factors differentially modulate survivin promoter activity in cancer cells versus normal/untransformed cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Deregulation of survivin transcription controls in individual epithelial cells may contribute to oncogenesis in various human adult tissues.
authors.affiliation: Dako North America, Carpinteria, CA, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Spaulding
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghadersohi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gellert
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D018604:Epitope Mapping; D000939:Epitopes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008297:Male; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000077022:Survivin; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000378:metabolism*; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; D000939:Epitopes; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D000077022:Survivin