title: Isobolographic analysis of the antinociceptive interactions between ketoprofen and paracetamol.
abstract: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antinociceptive interaction between paracetamol and ketoprofen. The antinociceptive effect of oral administration of the drugs alone or in combination was evaluated using the mouse abdominal constriction test. The data were interpreted by isobolographic analysis to establish the nature of the interaction. The effective dose that produced 50% antinociception (ED(50,mix)) was calculated from the log dose-response curve of fixed-ratio combinations of paracetamol with ketoprofen. This ED(50,mix) was compared to the theoretical additive ED(50,add) by isobolographic analysis. The experimental ED(50,mix) was found to be significantly smaller than the theoretically calculated ED(50,add), indicating a synergistic antinociceptive interaction between ketoprofen and paracetamol. Pharmacokinetic studies were carried out with mice treated with combined ketoprofen (12 mg/kg) and paracetamol (36 mg/kg). Plasma levels of ketoprofen were not changed by concurrent paracetamol treatment, and similarly no statistically significant difference was observed between paracetamol alone and the combination with ketoprofen. The pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that the combination of ketoprofen with paracetamol exerted a synergistic (supra-additive) interaction that was not associated with a pharmacokinetic interaction. The results of this study demonstrate significant synergism between ketoprofen and paracetamol.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China. mountee@gmail.com
authors.forename: Hai-Xia
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xing-Guo
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Mei
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D007660:Ketoprofen / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D010147:Pain Measurement
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000082:Acetaminophen; D007660:Ketoprofen