title: Expression of TGF-beta signaling proteins in normal placenta and gestational trophoblastic disease.
abstract: The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is a vital regulator of placental development and functions. TGF-beta exerts several modulatory effects on trophoblast cells, such as inhibition of proliferation and invasiveness, and stimulation of differentiation by inducing multinucleated cell formation. In this study, we determine the expression patterns of TGF-beta signaling molecules in normal trophoblast, various hydatidiform mole types and choriocarcinoma. A total of 132 cases, including 51 normal placenta (20 first trimester, 11 second trimester, and 20 third trimester) and 81 gestational trophoblastic diseases (17 choriocarcinoma, and 64 hydatidiform moles: 39 complete, 6 partial, and 19 invasive) were immunohistochemically analyzed with anti-TGF beta1/2, TGF-beta receptor type I (TbetaRI), TbetaRII, Smad 2/3, and Smad 4 antibodies on paraffin blocks. In the case of normal placenta, maximal levels of all TGF-beta signaling molecules were observed in villous trophoblast in the first trimester, which decreased with gestational age. Expression of all the TGF-beta signaling proteins except Smad2/3, was significantly enhanced in various moles, relative to normal trophoblast. Moreover, TGF-beta signaling molecules were significantly downregulated in choriocarcinoma, compared to moles. In particular, TbetaRI and Smad2/3 levels were lower in choriocarcinoma than normal villous trophoblast (TbetaRI: p<0.025, Smad2/3: p<0.001). In conclusion, the TGF-beta signaling pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of gestational trophoblastic disease, and may thus be employed as a potential therapeutic target and a diagnostic biomarker.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea.
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Xuan
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Y K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D030201:Activin Receptors, Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D002822:Choriocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D006828:Hydatidiform Mole / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; D000077294:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D051785:Smad Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D053781:Transforming Growth Factor beta2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D051785:Smad Proteins; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D053781:Transforming Growth Factor beta2; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D030201:Activin Receptors, Type I; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; D000077294:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II