title: Could the defects in the endometrial extracellular matrix during the implantation be a cause for impaired fertility?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Assessment of concentration of the metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP1), urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) and leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in the uterine fluid in women with idiopathic infertility and unknown cause for recurrent miscarriage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Uterine fluid obtained from patients with idiopathic infertility (n = 13), patients with unknown cause of recurrent miscarriages (n = 16) and healthy fertile women (n = 14). The assessment of MMP9, TIMP1, uPA, uPAR and LIF were performed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically lower expression of MMP9 and TIMP1 in uterine fluid during implantation window in women with infertility and recurrent miscarriage of unknown cause.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changed turnover of the extracellular matrix might be a cause of improper endometrial transition and in effect cause faulty implantation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, K Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skrzypczak
authors.forename: Przemysław
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wirstlein
authors.forename: Mateusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mikolajczyk
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual; D000328:Adult; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D004717:Endometrium / Q000378:metabolism*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor / Q000097:blood; D045726:Metalloproteases / Q000097:blood; D011247:Pregnancy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator
chemical_list: D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; C524898:PLAUR protein, human; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D011374:Progesterone; D045726:Metalloproteases