title: Cine phase contrast MRI to measure continuum Lagrangian finite strain fields in contracting skeletal muscle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure the complex mechanics and Lagrangian finite strain of contracting human skeletal muscle in vivo with cine phase contrast MRI (CPC-MRI) applied to the human supraspinatus muscle of the shoulder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Processing techniques are applied to transform velocities from CPC-MRI images to displacements and planar Lagrangian finite strain. An interpolation method describing the continuity of the velocity field and forward-backward and Fourier transform methods were used to track the displacement of regions of interest during a cyclic abduction motion of a subject's arm. The components of the Lagrangian strain tensor were derived during the motion and principal and maximum in-plane shear strain fields calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Derived displacement and strain fields are shown that describe the contraction mechanics of the supraspinatus. Strains vary over time during the cyclic motion and are highly nonuniform throughout the muscle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This method presented overcomes the physical resolution of the MRI scanner, which is crucial for the detection of detailed information within muscles, such as the changes that might occur with partial tears of the supraspinatus. These can then be used as input or validation data for modeling human skeletal muscle.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
authors.forename: Hehe
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Novotny
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D005260:Female; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D012782:Shoulder