title: Heart failure and protein quality control.
abstract: The heart is constantly under mechanical, metabolic, and thermal stress, even at baseline physiological conditions, and cardiac stress may increase as a result of environmental or intrinsic pathological insults. Cardiomyocytes are continuously challenged to efficiently and properly fold nascent polypeptides, traffic them to their appropriate cellular locations, and keep them from denaturing in the face of normal and pathological stimuli. Because deployment of misfolded or unfolded proteins can be disastrous, cells, in general, and cardiomyocytes, in particular, have developed a multilayered protein quality control system for maintaining proper protein conformation and for reorganizing and removing misfolded or aggregated polypeptides. Here, we examine recent data pointing to the importance of protein quality control in cardiac homeostasis and disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA.
authors.forename: Xuejun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Robbins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000075686:COP9 Signalosome Complex; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000378:metabolism; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism*; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000502:physiology*; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D025801:Ubiquitin; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; D000075686:COP9 Signalosome Complex; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex