title: Radiological risk factors of pseudoarthrosis and/or instrument breakage after PLF with the pedicle screw system in isthmic spondylolisthesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several studies have reported favorable results of posterolateral fusion (PLF) with pedicle screw systems (PSs) for isthmic spondylolisthesis. However, the best indication and limitations of this method still remain unclear. The present study aimed to analyze the radiological risk factors of pseudoarthrosis and/or instrumentation failure after PLF with PSs in isthmic spondylolisthesis, and to determine the limitations of this method.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group comprised of 101 patients with isthmic spondylolisthesis who underwent PLF with PSs. Follow-up was performed for more than 5 years. Statistical analyses with multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors of pseudoarthrosis and/or instrument failures associated with PLF with PSs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average follow-up was 8 years. Fusion rate was 95%. There were instrument breakage in 6 patients, and pseudoarthrosis in 5. Statistical analysis with a logistic regression model revealed that preoperative % disc height (odds ratio: 3.60 per 10%, P<0.01) and slip angle (odds ratio: 4.48 per 10 degrees kyphosis, P<0.05) were the most crucial risk factors of pseudoarthrosis and/or instrument breakage when performing PLF for isthmic spondylolisthesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, PLF with PSs provided satisfactory results with high fusion rate. However, there were complications including pseudoarthrosis or instrument breakage in specific conditions. Preserved disc height and presence of segmental kyphosis were risk factors of these complications. Statistically, % disc height within 20% without segmental kyphosis was the best indication for PLF with PSs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan. sudako@bibaih.rofuku.go.jp
authors.forename: Kota
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suda
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Kuniyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abumi
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haba
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Taneichi
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaneda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001863:Bone Screws / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011542:Pseudarthrosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D011859:Radiography; D012307:Risk Factors; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013168:Spondylolisthesis / Q000601:surgery*