title: Effect of severe neuropsychiatric manifestations on short-term damage in systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of severe neuropsychiatric (SNP) manifestations on short-term damage and the time of their presentation, in young patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) of short disease duration.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred thirty patients with SLE, hospitalized because of noninfectious SNP manifestations (n = 65) or other reasons (n = 65) were studied. Clinical information, including SLE characteristics, laboratory test results, treatment, disease activity, and damage, was gathered from the medical chart at 3 different dates: the index hospitalization, the closest visit prior to and one year after hospitalization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Demographic and SLE characteristics were comparable in patients with SNP manifestations and controls, including age at SLE diagnosis, 26.1 +/- 11.0 vs 25.7 +/- 11.2 years (p = 0.84). SNP manifestations developed early during the course of SLE, 2.5 +/- 5.2 years. At the visit prior to the hospitalization, disease activity was mild and similar in both patient groups. During hospitalization, patients who developed SNP manifestations reached higher SLE Disease Activity Index scores than controls (p < 0.0001) and also received more aggressive treatment. One year after the hospitalization, disease activity, treatment, and mortality did not differ between the 2 patient groups; however, the increase in damage was higher among the patients with SNP manifestations than controls [0.95 +/- 0.16 (95% CI 0.64-1.26) vs 0.24 +/- 0.09 (95% CI 0.07-0.41), p < 0.0001].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SNP manifestations occur early during the course of SLE and add a significant increase in damage compared to non-NP manifestations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, DF, México.
authors.forename: Hilda E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Fragoso-Loyo
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Guerrero
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020945:Lupus Vasculitis, Central Nervous System / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors