title: Prospero acts as a binary switch between self-renewal and differentiation in Drosophila neural stem cells.
abstract: Stem cells have the remarkable ability to give rise to both self-renewing and differentiating daughter cells. Drosophila neural stem cells segregate cell-fate determinants from the self-renewing cell to the differentiating daughter at each division. Here, we show that one such determinant, the homeodomain transcription factor Prospero, regulates the choice between stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. We have identified the in vivo targets of Prospero throughout the entire genome. We show that Prospero represses genes required for self-renewal, such as stem cell fate genes and cell-cycle genes. Surprisingly, Prospero is also required to activate genes for terminal differentiation. We further show that in the absence of Prospero, differentiating daughters revert to a stem cell-like fate: they express markers of self-renewal, exhibit increased proliferation, and fail to differentiate. These results define a blueprint for the transition from stem cell self-renewal to terminal differentiation.
authors.affiliation: The Gurdon Institute and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK.
authors.forename: Semil P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Choksi
authors.forename: Tony D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Southall
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bossing
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Edoff
authors.forename: Elzo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Wit
authors.forename: Bettina E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Bas
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van Steensel
authors.forename: Gos
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Micklem
authors.forename: Andrea H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Brand
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D016678:Genome; D009154:Mutation; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C073099:pros protein, Drosophila