title: Dimensional models of personality disorder: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition and beyond.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We describe several dimensional models of personality disorders and highlight future directions for the integration of dimensional approaches in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V). This review is timely and relevant, given the upcoming revision of DSM (DSM-V).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Research has identified four common higher order factors that could be used to characterize personality pathology. Evidence supports the inclusion of this dimensional representation of personality disorders in DSM-V, possibly as an adjunct to the traditional categorical classification scheme. A dimensional approach would ameliorate many of the problems associated with the categorical approach. Issues that still need to be addressed are on how to integrate these dimensions into the current classification system in a way that they will be accepted by clinicians and psychopathologists. The clinical utility of the dimensional models must be demonstrated, and the development of a method that combines trait elevations and impairment associated with personality pathology is needed in order to define personality disorder from a dimensional perspective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although there may be some initial resistance to the incorporation of the dimensional models in the future diagnostic manuals, researchers and clinicians are expected to benefit from the more reliable and valid portrayal of personality pathology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Missouri, Missouri 65211, USA. trullt@missouri.edu
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Trull
authors.forename: Sarah L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Tragesser
authors.forename: Marika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Solhan
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schwartz-Mette
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D006801:Humans; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results