title: Drug screening of preserved oral fluid by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oral fluid is an alternative matrix with potential applications in road-side drug screening, work-place testing, drug treatment programs, and epidemiological surveys. Development of methods for extensive drug screening in oral fluid is warranted.
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed a liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for drug screening of preserved oral fluid collected with the Intercept collection device. Samples were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction with ethylacetate/heptane (4:1). LC-separation was achieved with an Atlantis dC18-column (2.1 x 50 mm, 3 microm particle). Mass detection was performed by positive ion mode electrospray LC-MS/MS and included the following drugs/metabolites: morphine, 6-monoacetylmorphine, codeine, buprenorphine, methadone, amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, cocaine, benzoylecgonine, Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, lysergic acid diethylamide, alprazolam, bromazepam, clonazepam, 7-aminoclonazepam, diazepam, N-desmethyldiazepam, 3-OH-diazepam, fenazepam, flunitrazepam, 7-aminoflunitrazepam, lorazepam, nitrazepam, 7-aminonitrazepam, oxazepam, zopiclone, zolpidem, carisoprodol, and meprobamat.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Screening of 32 drugs was performed with a run time of 14 min. Within- and between-day relative CVs varied from 2.0% to 31.8% and from 3.6% to 39.1%, respectively. Extraction recoveries were >50% except for morphine (30%) and benzoylecgonine (0.2%). The concentrations of the lowest calibrator were 1 nmol/L (0.28 microg/L) to 500 nmol/L (68 microg/L), depending on the drug.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The method allowed rapid and sensitive oral fluid screening for the most commonly abused drugs in Norway and will be used for a road-side survey of drug use in normal traffic.
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Forensic Toxicology and Drug Abuse, Oslo, Norway. elisabeth.oiestad@fhi.no
authors.forename: Elisabeth Leere
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Øiestad
authors.forename: Unni
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.forename: Asbjorg Solberg
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Christophersen
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006801:Humans; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations