title: Sequential interplay of nicotinic and GABAergic signaling guides neuronal development.
abstract: GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), the major inhibitory transmitter in the brain, goes through a transitory phase of excitation during development. The excitatory phase promotes neuronal growth and integration into circuits. We show here that spontaneous nicotinic cholinergic activity is responsible for terminating GABAergic excitation and initiating inhibition. It does so by changing chloride transporter levels, shifting the driving force on GABA-induced currents. The timing of the transition is critical, because the two phases of GABAergic signaling provide contrasting developmental instructions. Synergistic with nicotinic excitation, GABAergic inhibition constrains neuronal morphology and innervation. The results reveal a multitiered activity-dependent strategy controlling neuronal development.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0357, USA.
authors.forename: Zhaoping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Neff
authors.forename: Darwin K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Berg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002104:Cadmium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002712:Chlorides / Q000378:metabolism; D005726:Ganglia, Parasympathetic / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D009538:Nicotine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D018733:Nicotinic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D028021:Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters / Q000378:metabolism; D064506:Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 2; D027981:Symporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009435:Synaptic Transmission; D014162:Transfection; D064569:alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D000096922:K Cl- Cotransporters
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D002118:Calcium; D002712:Chlorides; D009538:Nicotine; D018733:Nicotinic Antagonists; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D028021:Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters; D064506:Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 2; D027981:Symporters; D064569:alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D000096922:K Cl- Cotransporters; C579166:Chrna7 protein, mouse; C578878:Slc12a2 protein, mouse