title: Continent cutaneous urinary diversion in children: experience with Charleston pouch I.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Complete continent urinary diversion not incorporating the bladder is not commonly used in children. We evaluated the short and long-term outcome of a form of continent cutaneous urinary diversion (Charleston pouch I) in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 17 children underwent Charleston pouch I continent cutaneous urinary diversion between 1988 and 2005. Patient records were reviewed for age, sex, indications for diversion, preoperative and postoperative laboratory and radiological studies, continence, patient and family acceptance, complications and long-term functional status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient age ranged from 6 to 16 years. The main indication for diversion was bladder exstrophy in 8 patients (47%), neurogenic bladder in 6 (35%) and cloacal abnormalities in 3 (18%). Mean followup was 87.5 months. One patient was lost to followup. With moderate fluid intake the other patients were dry with a mean catheterizing time of 3.4 hours (range 2 to 6). Catheterization intervals were adjusted for individual patients. Generally, the patients became damp or leaked if they did not catheterize at recommended intervals. Continence was achieved at variable postoperative intervals, with some patients attaining continence soon after and others at 3 to 12 months before pouch maturation. Patients irrigated the pouch a mean of 4 times weekly (range 0 to 14). Three patients (18%) had bladder stones. Ultrasound and/or other upper tract studies revealed no deterioration of the upper urinary system. No patient experienced clinical pyelonephritis or acidosis. Family and patient acceptance was satisfactory.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Continent cutaneous urinary diversion with Charleston pouch I was satisfactory in this group of children. It provided preservation of the upper urinary tract, and achieved acceptable continence rates while allowing leakage when catheterization was not performed at recommended intervals. In addition, patient and parent acceptance was good, and complication rates were acceptable.
authors.affiliation: Arkansas Children's Hospital and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Bissada
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Abdallah
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aaronson
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Hammouda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D062109:Dermatologic Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014547:Urinary Diversion / Q000379:methods*; D016476:Urinary Reservoirs, Continent; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods