title: Genomic sweeping for hypermethylated genes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genes silenced by the aberrent methylation of nearby CpG islands can contribute to the onset or progression of cancer and represent potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. Relatively few have thus far been validated as hypermethylated in cancer among over 14,000 candidates with promoter region CpG islands. A descriptive set of genes known to be unmethylated in cancer does not exist. This lack of a negative set and a large number of candidates necessitated the development of a new approach to identify novel genes hypermethylated in cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We developed a general method, cluster_boost, that in an imbalanced data setting predicts new minority class members given limited known samples and a large set of unlabeled samples. Synthetic datasets modeled after the hypermethylated genes data show that cluster_boost can successfully identify minority samples within unlabeled data. Using genome sequence features, cluster_boost predicted candidate hypermethylated genes among 14,000 genes of unknown status. In primary ovarian cancers, we determined the methylation status for 15 genes with different levels of support for being hypermethlyated. Results indicate cluster_boost can accurately identify novel genes hypermethylated in cancer.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Software and datasets are freely available at http://labs.genome.duke.edu/FureyLab/cluster_boost.php.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genome Sciences Policy, Duke University, USA.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Goh
authors.forename: Susan K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Sayan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muhkerjee
authors.forename: Terrence S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Furey
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001483:Base Sequence; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D002874:Chromosome Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000235:genetics*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm