title: Age-related differences in the ability to perceive sad facial expressions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Research has shown that the ability to label negative emotions displayed by facial expressions declines with age. Such studies, however, have tended to adopt the Ekman and Friesen (1976) Caucasian faces as their emotional stimuli. The purpose of the current study was to examine whether the age differences in identifying negative emotions are also found using the more recent Japanese and Caucasian Facial Expressions of Emotion (JACFEE).
  
  
  METHODS
  In Experiment 1, 29 younger and 29 older individuals performed a verbal labeling emotion identification task (happy, sad, angry, frightened, disgusted, surprised, contemptuous). The ability to identify each emotion as a function of ethnicity across the age groups was examined. In order to reduce the verbal decision-making load on the task, a second experiment was conducted in which 60 younger and 60 older participants performed an emotion-matching task (sad, angry, contemptuous).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Experiment 1, older adults showed a significant decrement in the ability to recognize sad faces compared with younger adults, but no age x face ethnicity interaction was found. In Experiment 2, age differences were found when making same/different judgments regarding two sad faces or a sad and a contemptuous face.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that aging has an impact upon perceiving sad facial expressions, that this effect is not mediated by own-race versus other-race faces, and that age effects are not attributable to differences in verbal decision-making.
authors.affiliation: Human Cognitive Neuroscience, Psychology Department, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK. sarah.macpherson@ed.ac.uk
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: MacPherson
authors.forename: Louise H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Della Sala
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000208:ethnology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D044466:Asian People / Q000208:ethnology; D003657:Decision Making; D004644:Emotions; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014796:Visual Perception; D044465:White People / Q000208:ethnology