title: Risk factors for lower urinary tract infection and bacterial stent colonization in patients with a double J ureteral stent.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the potential risk factors for lower urinary tract infection and bacterial stent colonization in patients with double-J stents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 195 double-J stents from 190 patients (95 men and 95 women, mean age 40.22 years) were examined. In all patients, prophylactic antimicrobial therapy was administered at the time of stenting. The stents and urine samples were removed aseptically and the proximal and distal tip segments of the stents were obtained. Three culture specimens were obtained from each stent segment and urine sample. Chi-square tests, odds ratio, and relative risk were used for the statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bacterial colonies were found in 24% (47 of 190) of the urine samples, 31% (61 of 195) of the proximal stent segments, and 34% (67 of 195) of the distal stent segments. Of the pathogens identified, Escherichia coli (34 of 47) was the most common. Diabetes mellitus (P < 0.01), chronic renal failure (P < 0.001), and pregnancy (P < 0.01) were found to be risk factors for lower urinary tract infection in patients with stents. An increased stent colonization rate was associated with implantation time, age, and female sex, but these were not statistically significant for lower urinary tract infection
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, and pregnancy are associated with a higher risk of lower urinary tract infection. Therefore, patients in these categories should be monitored carefully for infectious complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakir, Turkey. aliak@dicle.edu.tr
authors.forename: Ali Ferruh
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Akay
authors.forename: Uğur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Aflay
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gedik
authors.forename: Hayrettin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.forename: Mehmet Kamuran
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Bircan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D015607:Stents / Q000382:microbiology*; D014513:Ureter / Q000382:microbiology*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000473:pathology*; D014556:Urine / Q000382:microbiology