title: Utilizing generalized autocalibrating partial parallel acquisition (GRAPPA) to achieve high-resolution contrast-enhanced MR angiography of hepatic artery: initial experience in orthotopic liver transplantation candidates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate feasibility of using GRAPPA to acquire high-resolution 3D contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE-MRA) of hepatic artery and value of GRAPPA for displaying vessels anatomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  High-resolution CE-MRA using GRAPPA was performed in 67 orthotopic liver transplantation recipient candidates. Signal intensity (SI) and relative SI, i.e., Cv-ro (vessel-to-liver contrast) of the aorta and the hepatic common artery (HCA), were measured. The SI and the relative SI were compared and analyzed using T-test. For purpose of qualitative evaluation, the vessel visualization quality and the order of depicted hepatic artery branches were evaluated by two radiologists independently and assessed by weighted kappa analysis. The depiction of hepatic arterial anatomy and variations was evaluated, and results were correlated with the findings in surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean SI values were 283.29+/-65.07 (mean+/-S.D.) for aorta and 283.16+/-64.07 for HCA, respectively. The mean relative SI values were 0.698+/-0.09 for aorta and 0.696+/-0.09 for HCA, respectively. Homogeneous enhancement between aorta and HCA was confirmed by statistically insignificant differences (p-values were 0.89 for mean SI values and 0.12 for mean relative SI values, respectively). The average score for vessel visualization ranged from good to excellent for different artery segments. Overall interobserver agreement in the visualization of different artery segments was excellent (kappa value>0.80). The distal intrahepatic segmental arteries were well delineated for majority of patients with excellent interobserver agreement. Normal hepatic arterial anatomy was correctly demonstrated in 53 patients, and arterial anomalies were accurately detected on high-resolution MRA image of all 14 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-resolution hepatic artery MRA acquired using GRAPPA in a reproducible manner excellently depicts and delineates small vessels and can be routinely used for evaluating OLT candidates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, PR China. xpjbfc@163.com
authors.forename: Peng-Ju
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Fu-Hua
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Jian-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006499:Hepatic Artery / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011300:Preoperative Care