title: The Amblyopia and Strabismus Questionnaire: English translation, validation, and subscales.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the English-language version of the Amblyopia and Strabismus Questionnaire (ASQE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A structured translation process was followed to generate the ASQE, a 26-item instrument (originally in Dutch) containing five subscales for fear of losing the better eye, distance estimation, visual disorientation, double vision, and social contact and appearance. The ASQE was administered to 150 adults in a private practice setting. All had strabismus with or without amblyopia and visual acuity of 20/50 or better in at least one eye. Subjects also completed a brief disability questionnaire, and they were further characterized by levels of unilateral vision loss, diplopia, and asthenopia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ASQE scores were highly correlated with the disability questionnaire outcomes (r = -.76, P < .0001). Internal consistency reliability (Cronbach alpha) of the subscales ranged from 0.80 to 0.92. Strong correlations were found between clinical characteristics and the ASQE (total score and subscale scores).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ASQE showed good psychometric properties that are in line with those of the original instrument. This, combined with strong correlations between ASQE scores and clinical characterization of the participants, establishes the ASQE as a useful tool for use in populations with strabismus and/or amblyopia.
authors.affiliation: Retina Foundation of Southwest, Dallas, Texas 75231, USA. jfelius@retinafoundation.org
authors.forename: Joost
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Felius
authors.forename: George R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Beauchamp
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Stager
authors.forename: Elizabeth S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Van De Graaf
authors.forename: Huibert J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Simonsz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000550:Amblyopia / Q000523:psychology*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D013285:Strabismus / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014792:Visual Acuity