title: Canadian Association of Neurosciences Review: learning at a snail's pace.
abstract: While learning and memory are related, they are distinct processes each with different forms of expression and underlying molecular mechanisms. An invertebrate model system, Lymnaea stagnalis, is used to study memory formation of a non-declarative memory. We have done so because: (1) We have discovered the neural circuit that mediates an interesting and tractable behaviour; (2) This behaviour can be operantly conditioned and intermediate-term and long-term memory can be demonstrated; and (3) It is possible to demonstrate that a single neuron in the model system is a necessary site of memory formation. This article reviews how Lymnaea has been used in the study of behavioural and molecular mechanisms underlying consolidation, reconsolidation, extinction and forgetting.
authors.affiliation: Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Kashif
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Parvez
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rosenegger
authors.forename: Kara
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Martens
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Orr
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lukowiak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D008195:Lymnaea / Q000502:physiology*; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D023421:Models, Animal