title: Effect of exclusive enteral nutritional treatment on plasma antioxidant concentrations in childhood Crohn's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oxidative stress and depletion of antioxidants may play a role in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of exclusive enteral nutrition, which is increasingly being used as primary therapy for CD, on plasma antioxidant concentrations in children with active CD.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a double-blind randomised controlled trial, 15 children with active CD (mean age, 11.3 years, range 6.8-15.7) attending a paediatric gastroenterology referral centre, were assigned to receive either a standard polymeric diet (Group S, n=8) or a glutamine-enriched polymeric diet (Group G, n=7) as primary therapy for active CD. Plasma concentrations of selenium, urates, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C, glutathione, and also malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured at baseline and after 4 weeks of exclusive enteral nutritional treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean (95% CI) selenium concentration of the cohort increased significantly from 0.82 micromol/l (0.72, 0.91) to 1.14 micromol/l (0.98, 1.3), P<0.001. There were, however, significant reductions in mean concentrations of vitamin C {11.8 mg/l (7.7, 15.8) to 6.5 mg/l (4.5, 8.7), P=0.01} and vitamin E {11.3 mg/l (10.3, 12.4) to 9.4 mg/l (8.7, 10.1), P=0.03}. The concentrations of vitamin A, urates, glutathione and MDA did not change significantly over the study period. Glutamine supplementation did not have any significant effect on plasma antioxidant concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant changes in circulating antioxidant concentrations occurred in children with active CD receiving exclusive enteral nutritional treatment. Glutamine supplementation was not beneficial in improving plasma antioxidant status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Booth Hall Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK. tony.akobeng@cmmc.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Anthony K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Akobeng
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Richmond
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Adrian G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005260:Female; D005973:Glutamine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D012643:Selenium / Q000097:blood; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005973:Glutamine; D014801:Vitamin A; D014810:Vitamin E; D014527:Uric Acid; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005978:Glutathione; D012643:Selenium; D001205:Ascorbic Acid