title: Skeletal dosimetry in the MAX06 and the FAX06 phantoms for external exposure to photons based on vertebral 3D-microCT images.
abstract: 3D-microCT images of vertebral bodies from three different individuals have been segmented into trabecular bone, bone marrow and bone surface cells (BSC), and then introduced into the spongiosa voxels of the MAX06 and the FAX06 phantoms, in order to calculate the equivalent dose to the red bone marrow (RBM) and the BSC in the marrow cavities of trabecular bone with the EGSnrc Monte Carlo code from whole-body exposure to external photon radiation. The MAX06 and the FAX06 phantoms consist of about 150 million 1.2 mm cubic voxels each, a part of which are spongiosa voxels surrounded by cortical bone. In order to use the segmented 3D-microCT images for skeletal dosimetry, spongiosa voxels in the MAX06 and the FAX06 phantom were replaced at runtime by so-called micro matrices representing segmented trabecular bone, marrow and BSC in 17.65, 30 and 60 microm cubic voxels. The 3D-microCT image-based RBM and BSC equivalent doses for external exposure to photons presented here for the first time for complete human skeletons are in agreement with the results calculated with the three correction factor method and the fluence-to-dose response functions for the same phantoms taking into account the conceptual differences between the different methods. Additionally the microCT image-based results have been compared with corresponding data from earlier studies for other human phantoms.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Energia Nuclear, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Luiz Freire 1000, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50740-540, Recife, PE, Brazil. rkramer@uol.com.br
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Khoury
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kawrakow
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000528:radiation effects; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000528:radiation effects*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012984:Software; D013131:Spine / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*