title: Reduction of global cardiovascular risk with nutritional versus nutritional plus physical activity intervention in Colombian adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity/mortality in non-developed countries. Reports of the effects of non-pharmacological interventions on global cardiovascular risk in Latin American adults, however, are scarce.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the change in global cardiovascular risk induced by a tailored, Adult Treatment Panel-III compliant nutrition program versus the same program with addition of supervised, regular physical activity in Colombian adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a randomized, controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-five Colombian patients aged 40-70 years and with Framingham-estimated global cardiovascular risk of 1% or higher were randomly assigned to a nutritional intervention program or a combined nutritional intervention-physical exercise program for 16 weeks. Patients underwent medical and anthropometric evaluation, bioelectrical impedance, lipid profile and Framingham global cardiovascular risk determination at baseline and at the end of follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The groups were comparable at baseline; 21 persons in the nutritional intervention program group and 27 in the nutritional intervention-physical exercise program group completed the follow-up. Global cardiovascular risk modification (mean+/-SE) was -2.04+/-1.1 absolute percentage points (relative reduction 19.6%) in the nutritional intervention-physical exercise program group, compared with 0.23+/-0.9 (relative increase 2.8%) in the nutritional intervention program group. Mean difference in global cardiovascular risk modification between groups reached borderline statistical significance in ANCOVA (P=0.054). Reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were similar, but the nutritional intervention-physical exercise program group achieved significantly greater improvements in body weight, body mass index, percentage body fat and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that a structured nutritional intervention-physical exercise program is more efficacious than a nutritional intervention program in the reduction of global cardiovascular risk and cardiovascular risk factors, in only 16 weeks.
authors.affiliation: Lipids and Diabetes Division, Physiological Sciences Department, National University of Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia. comendivila@unal.edu.co
authors.forename: Carlos Olimpo
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Mendivil
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cortés
authors.forename: Iván Darío
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Sierra
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramírez
authors.forename: Luz Milena
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Molano
authors.forename: Luz Everlyn
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Tovar
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Granados
authors.forename: Clara Eugenia
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Pérez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003105:Colombia / Q000453:epidemiology; D004032:Diet; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids