title: Surveillance for surgical site infection after hospital discharge: a surgical procedure-specific perspective.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the rate of surgical site infection (SSI) occurring after hospital discharge, to evaluate whether limiting surveillance to inpatients underestimates the true rate of SSI, and to select surgical procedures that should be included in a postdischarge surveillance program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective surveillance study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A surgical ward at a university teaching hospital in Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 264 surgical patients were included in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The global SSI rate was 10.6% (28 patients); 17 (60.2%) of patients with an SSI developed the infection after hospital discharge. The overall mean length of postoperative stay (+/-SD) for patients who acquired a postdischarge SSI was 4.9+/-3.7 days, and SSI was diagnosed a mean duration (+/-SD) of 11.5+/-4.5 days after surgery. Among procedures with postdischarge SSIs, those classified by the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance system (NNIS) as herniorrhaphy, mastectomy, other endocrine system, and other integumentary system were associated with a mean postoperative stay that was less than the mean time between the operation and the onset of SSI. Four (36%) of in-hospital SSIs occurred after procedures with an NNIS risk index of 0, and 7 (64%) occurred after procedures with an NNIS risk index of 1 or higher. Of the 17 SSIs diagnosed after discharge, 14 procedures (82%) had an NNIS risk index of 0, compared with 3 procedures (18%) with an NNIS risk index of 1 or higher.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results revealed an increased risk of postdischarge SSI after some types of surgical procedures and suggest that there is an important need to change from generalized to NNIS operative category-directed postdischarge surveillance, at least for procedures locally considered to be high-risk.
authors.affiliation: Department Infectious Disease and Public Health, Universita Politecnica Marche, Ancona, Italy. e.prospero@univpm.it
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Prospero
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cavicchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bacelli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barbadoro
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tantucci
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: D'Errico
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010351:Patient Discharge; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000592:standards*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control