title: The impact of dose on parotid salivary recovery in head and neck cancer patients treated with radiation therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A common side effect experienced by head and neck cancer patients after radiation therapy (RT) is impairment of the parotid glands' ability to produce saliva. Our purpose is to investigate the relationship between radiation dose and saliva changes in the 2 years after treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population includes 142 patients treated with conformal or intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Saliva flow rates from 266 parotid glands are measured before and 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after treatment. Measurements are collected separately from each gland under both stimulated and unstimulated conditions. Bayesian nonlinear hierarchical models were developed and fit to the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parotids receiving higher radiation produce less saliva. The largest reduction is at 1-3 months after RT followed by gradual recovery. When mean doses are lower (e.g., <25 Gy), the model-predicted average stimulated saliva recovers to pretreatment levels at 12 months and exceeds it at 18 and 24 months. For higher doses (e.g., >30 Gy), the stimulated saliva does not return to original levels after 2 years. Without stimulation, at 24 months, the predicted saliva is 86% of pretreatment levels for 25 Gy and <31% for >40 Gy. We do not find evidence to support that the overproduction of stimulated saliva at 18 and 24 months after low dose in 1 parotid gland is the result of low saliva production from the other parotid gland.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Saliva production is affected significantly by radiation, but with doses <25-30 Gy, recovery is substantial and returns to pretreatment levels 2 years after RT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jeremy M G
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Randall K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Ten Haken
authors.forename: Avraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eisbruch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008390:Markov Chains; D008875:Middle Aged; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / Q000009:adverse effects; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism; D012472:Salivation / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014987:Xerostomia / Q000209:etiology