[Secretion and role of autotaxin and lysophosphatidic acid in adipose tissue].
In obesity, adipocyte hypertrophy is often associated with recrutement of new fat cells (adipogenesis) under the control of circulating and local regulatory factors. Among the different lipids released in the extracellular compartment of adipocytes, our group found the presence of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). LPA is a bioactive phospholipid able to regulate several cell responses via the activation of specific G-protein coupled membrane receptors. Our group found that LPA increases preadipocyte proliferation and inhibits adipogenesis via the activation of LPA1 receptor subtype. Extracellular LPA-synthesis is catalyzed by a lysophospholipase D secreted by adipocytes: autotaxin (ATX). Adipocyte ATX expression strongly increases with adipogenesis as well as in individuals exhibiting type 2 diabetes associated with massive obesity. A possible contribution of ATX and LPA as paracrine regulators of adipogenesis and obesity associated diabetes is proposed.
Saulnier-Blache
Jean Sébastien
JS
IFR31 Institut Louis Bugnard, BP 84225, INSERM U586, Unité de Recherches sur les Obésités, 31432 Toulouse 4, France. saulnier@toulouse.inserm.fr
D017667:Adipocytes / Q000201:enzymology; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000502:physiology*; D002455:Cell Division; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology; D043264:Phosphodiesterase I / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D011755:Pyrophosphatases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000502:physiology; D000099189:Lysophospholipase D
D008246:Lysophospholipids; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D043264:Phosphodiesterase I; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D011755:Pyrophosphatases; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D000099189:Lysophospholipase D; C032881:lysophosphatidic acid