title: Lung function and ischemic stroke incidence: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few studies have examined the relation between lung function and ischemic stroke incidence; none have studied African Americans.
  
  
  METHODS
  We followed 13,842 middle-aged adults initially free of stroke and coronary heart disease and observed 472 incident ischemic strokes over 13 years. Quartiles of FEV(1) as a percentage of predicted value (FEV(1)PP) and FVC as a percentage of a predicted value (FVCPP) were used as the indicators of lung function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the age-, race-, gender-, and education-adjusted models, both lung function measures were significantly inversely related to ischemic stroke incidence (linear trend for FEV(1)PP, p < 0.01; linear trend for FVCPP, p < 0.01), but adjustment for possible confounders attenuated these relations. For white subjects, a significant inverse relation remained even after full adjustment (relative hazards [RH] across FEV(1)PP quartiles (lowest to highest) were 1.59, 1.52, 1.26, and 1.00; and for FVCPP quartiles were 1.56, 1.80, 1.09, and 1.00 [trend for both, p < 0.05]). There was no association for African Americans (RH across FEV(1)PP and FVCPP quartiles were 0.74, 0.89, 0.73, 1.00 [linear trend, p = 0.27] and 0.81, 1.07, 0.61, 1.00 [linear trend, p = 0.75], respectively). An inverse relation between lung function and ischemic stroke was also observed among white subjects who never smoked (FEV(1)PP) or had no respiratory symptoms (both FEV(1)PP and FVCPP) but not among their African-American counterparts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among white subjects, participants with impaired lung function have a modestly higher risk of ischemic stroke even if they have never smoked nor had respiratory symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 South Second Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454-1015, USA.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hozawa
authors.forename: Joanne L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Billings
authors.forename: Eyal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shahar
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohira
authors.forename: Wayne D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Rosamond
authors.forename: Aaron R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Folsom
mesh_terms: D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000502:physiology*; D001741:Black or African American