title: Effect of lifestyle intervention on metabolic coronary heart disease risk factors in obese older adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors increase with age and body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2). However, whether lifestyle intervention ameliorates metabolic CHD risk factors in obese older adults is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to determine whether lifestyle intervention improves metabolic CHD risk factors in obese older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 6-mo outpatient randomized controlled trial was conducted in obese (BMI >or= 30) older (>or=65 y) adults randomly assigned to diet and exercise therapy (treatment group; n = 17) or no therapy (control group; n = 10). The main outcomes were CHD risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Body weight decreased by 8.4% (8.2 kg) in the treatment group; weight did not change significantly (0.7 kg) in the control group (P < 0.001 between groups). Changes between the control and treatment groups, respectively, in waist circumference (1 and -10 cm), plasma glucose (4 and -4 mg/dL), serum triacylglycerols (0 and -45 mg/dL), and systolic (-2 and -10 mm Hg) and diastolic (0 and -8 mm Hg) blood pressure were different (P < 0.05 for all). The number of subjects with the metabolic syndrome decreased by 59% in the treatment group but did not change significantly in the control group (P < 0.05). Serum free fatty acids increased by 10 micromol/L in the control group and decreased by 99 micromol/L in the treatment group (P < 0.05). Changes between the control and treatment groups, respectively, in C-reactive protein (0.8 and -2.5 mg/L) and interleukin 6 (1.6 and -2.4 pg/mL) were different (P < 0.05 for both).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lifestyle intervention decreases multiple metabolic CHD risk factors simultaneously in obese older adults.
authors.affiliation: Geriatrics and Nutritional Science and the Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63108, USA. dvillare@im.wustl.edu
authors.forename: Dennis T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Villareal
authors.forename: Bernard V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Banks
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fontana
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Sinacore
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008019:Life Style; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D015850:Interleukin-6; D002097:C-Reactive Protein