title: Unusual profile of leukocyte recruitment in mice induced by a skin secretion of the tree frog Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis.
abstract: Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis skin secretion can cause both systemic and local effects. In this study, we describe the pattern of local acute inflammatory response after P. hypochondrialis skin secretion injection. The inflammatory reaction in the mice footpad was analysed, including the leukocyte recruitment into local tissue from the peripheral blood, in a mouse model of tissue injury. We also investigated the release of the cytokines IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-alpha, chemokines KC and MCP-1 and the eicosanoids LTB 4 and PGE(2) in mice. The present findings support the ability of P. hypochondrialis skin secretion to induce local inflammation. In addition, these skin secretion components play a role in the initial rolling and slowing of recruited leukocytes and the transition from rolling to adhesion. Levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6, chemokines KC and MCP-1 as well as the eicosanoid PGE(2) were significantly increased after injection of a skin secretion of P. hypochondrialis (0.6 microg/30 microl intraplantar), whereas no changes in other parameters were observed. Finally, the mechanisms involved in the local inflammatory process induced by P. hypochondrialis skin secretion is one of the questions of relevance related to the complex pathophysiology induced by this particular secretion and other toxins.
authors.affiliation: LETA (Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada), Center for Applied Toxinology (CAT/CEPID), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. conceicaokatia@butantan.gov.br
authors.forename: Katia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Conceição
authors.forename: Fernanda Miriane
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Bruni
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pareja-Santos
authors.forename: Marta M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Antoniazzi
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jared
authors.forename: Mônica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lopes-Ferreira
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Daniel C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Pimenta
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura; D012634:Bodily Secretions / Q000276:immunology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines