title: Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with multiple myeloma and breast cancer.
abstract: Osteonecrosis of the jaw is an unremitting adverse outcome associated with bisphosphonate therapy in patients with multiple myeloma or bone metastases from solid tumors. Twelve patients who presented with exposed bone associated with bisphosphonates were reviewed to determine the type, dosage and duration of their bisphosphonate therapy, presenting findings, comorbidities and the event that incited the bone exposure. The discontinuation of bisphosphonate therapy has not helped reverse the presence of osteonecrosis, and the surgical manipulation of the involved site appears to worsen the underlying bone pathology. Hyperbaric oxygen, which has proven efficacious in other forms of osteonecrosis by establishing an oxygen gradient, is of no definitive benefit to patients with bisphosphonate-induced exposed bone. Antibiotic therapy is useful in controlling pain and swelling but ineffective in preventing the progression of the exposed bone. To date, prevention is the only currently possible therapeutic approach to the management of this complication.
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nastro
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Musolino
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Allegra
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oteri
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cicciù
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alonci
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Quartarone
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alati
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: De Ponte
mesh_terms: D019386:Alendronate / Q000009:adverse effects; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007571:Jaw Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000150:complications*; D009336:Necrosis; D010020:Osteonecrosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D000077268:Pamidronate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates; D007093:Imidazoles; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid; D000077268:Pamidronate; D019386:Alendronate