title: [Surgical treatment of iatrogenic perforations of the distal third of the esophagus. Personal experience].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The esophageal perforations are associated with a high mortality and morbidity when they are not diagnosed and treated quickly. The aim of our study is to analyze the treatment and prognosis of the distal iatrogenic esophageal perforations on the basis of time of onset, concomitant disease and size of perforations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The retrospective review was performed on 10 patients treated for distal iatrogenic esophageal perforations at our Institution from 1994 to 2003. The cause of perforations was: pneumatic dilation (7 patients) and esophageal endoprosthesis placing (3 patients). Seven patients presented within 24 h (Group A), and 3 patients presented after 24 h (Group B). In Group A, 4 patients underwent primary repair, 2 patients required esophagectomy and 1 patient was treated conservatively. In Group B, 2 patients were treated conservatively and 1 patient required an esophagectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hospital morbidity was 20% and mortality was 30%. In Group A no patients died. In Group B hospital mortality was 100%. The most common cause of death was multiorgan failure resulting from sepsis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prognosis for esophageal perforations is influenced by the time elapsed between diagnosis and treatment. Esophagectomy is indicated for patients with extensive perforation and necrosis of the esophagus when primary repair cannot be carried out. It is indicated also as treatment for the concomitant disease.
authors.affiliation: Divisione di Chirurgia Toracica, Dipartimento Paride Stefanini, Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. cla.doc@tin.it
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Andreetti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anile
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Diso
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Francioni
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Venuta
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: De Giacomo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Stasio
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Rendina
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Coloni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004106:Dilatation / Q000009:adverse effects; D004939:Esophageal Perforation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome