title: Influence of nanoparticles on morphological differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell viability, growth, and differentiated morphology after exposure to different concentrations of nanoparticles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell culture for 6 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  University research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cryopreserved mouse ES-D3 (American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA) cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  ES cells were exposed to either 0 (control), 0.4, or 12.2 million/mL mixed-size fluorescent nanoparticles in culture (37 degrees C, 5% CO(2) in air) for 6 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell viability and morphometric analysis were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ES cells exposed to both concentrations of nanoparticles exhibited smaller cell surface area. The effect was not concentration dependent. In contrast, ES cell nucleus size was unaffected. The nanoparticles distributed into the cytoplasm, pseudopods, and the perinuclear region. ES cell viabilities were reduced 40% and 30% in the low versus high relative concentration, respectively. ES cells in low-concentration nanoparticles became mostly columnar and embryoid body shaped. However, in high-concentration nanoparticles, they differentiated toward fibroblast-like and less squamous types.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observed reduced ES cell surface area suggested disruption of cytoskeletal development but not nuclear organization by nanoparticles. The ring-like formation of nanoparticles around the nucleus and the resulting cell morphologies suggested nanoparticles may influence differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA.
authors.forename: Diana N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: Lin C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Patton
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D011137:Polystyrenes