title: Economic benefits of self-management education in COPD.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is emerging evidence that disease management with self-management education provided by a case manager might benefit COPD patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether disease management with self-management education is more cost-effective than usual care among previously hospitalized COPD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Economic analysis in conjunction with a multicenter randomized clinical trial comparing patients conducting self-management with those receiving usual care over a 1-year follow-up period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Respiratory referral centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred ninety-one COPD patients who required hospitalization in the year preceding enrollment were recruited from seven respiratory outpatient clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  In addition to usual care, patients in the intervention group received standardized education on COPD self-management program called "Living Well with COPD" with ongoing supervision by a case manager.
  
  
  METHODS
  From the perspective of the health-care payer, we compared costs between the two groups and estimated the program cost per hospitalization prevented (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of the program). We repeated these estimates for several alternate scenarios of patient caseload.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The additional cost of the self-management program as compared to usual care, $3,778 (2004 Canadian dollars) per patient, exceeded the savings of $3,338 per patient based on the study design with a caseload of 14 patients per case manager. However, through a highly plausible sensitivity analysis, it was showed that if case managers followed up 50 patients per year, the self-management intervention would be cost saving relative to usual care (cost saving of $2,149 per patient; 95% confidence interval, $38 to $4,258). With more realistic potential caseloads of 50 to 70 patients per case manager, estimated program costs would be $1,326 and $1,016 per prevented hospitalization, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The program of self-management in COPD holds promise for positive economic benefits with increased patient caseload and rising costs of hospitalization.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Montréal Chest Institute, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 3650 St. Urbain, Office K1.32, Montréal, QC, Canada H2X 2P4. jean.bourbeau@mcgill.ca
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bourbeau
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Collet
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schwartzman
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ducruet
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nault
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bradley
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019090:Case Management / Q000191:economics*; D017046:Cost Savings / Q000191:economics; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000191:economics; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000191:economics*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000191:economics* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D011792:Quebec; D012648:Self Care / Q000191:economics*