title: Demineralization effects of 2 bleaching procedures on enamel surfaces with and without post-treatment fluoride application.
abstract: In this in vitro study, the demineralization effect of 2 different bleaching procedures on enamel surfaces with and without the post-treatment application of fluoride was determined. Bovine enamel specimens (n= 180) were ground flat, polished and divided into 6 groups. Group A (n=30) specimens were bleached with Opalescence, 10% carbamide peroxide (Ultradent Products, Inc) for 8 hours daily for 2 weeks; Group B (n=30) specimens were treated with Whitestrips, 5.3% hydrogen peroxide (Procter & Gamble) for 1 hour daily for 2 weeks; Group C (n=30): the same as Group A, but after bleaching, a fluoride varnish was applied on the specimens and left for 1 hour (Duraphat, 2.26% F-); Group D (n=30): the same as Group B, followed by the same fluoride application as Group C; Group E (n=30): the specimens were covered with a glycerin gel as a control group; Group F (n=30): specimens were kept in Coca Cola 1 hour daily for 2 weeks. The mineral loss (vol% microm) and lesion depth (microm) were measured by microradiography. Data analysis was accomplished using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (p<0.05) (SPSS 11.0). The median mineral loss was statistically significantly higher in the non-fluoride groups (A: 271.20 vs C: 128.00 and B: 364.90 vs D: 151.10). The highest mineral loss was found in Group F (581.85 vol% microm) and was lowest in Group E (32.80 vol% microm). No statistically significant difference between groups was found for lesion depth.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Operative and Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany. Mozhgan.bizhang@med.uni-duesseldorf.de
authors.forename: Mozhgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bizhang
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seemann
authors.forename: Golnaz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Duve
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Römhild
authors.forename: Jörg Markus
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Altenburger
authors.forename: Klaus Roland
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Jahn
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zimmer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002417:Cattle; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000009:adverse effects; D008852:Microradiography; D016877:Oxidants / Q000009:adverse effects; D010545:Peroxides / Q000009:adverse effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014073:Tooth Bleaching / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods*; D014508:Urea / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D016877:Oxidants; D010545:Peroxides; C023807:sodium fluoride topical preparation; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D014508:Urea; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide