title: Comparison of wind tunnel and field experiments to measure potential deposition of fenpropimorph following volatilisation from treated crops.
abstract: The potential for short-range transport via air, i.e. volatilisation from the area of application and subsequent deposition on adjacent non-target areas, was investigated for the fungicide fenpropimorph in a wind tunnel system and under outdoor conditions in a higher-tier field study. Fenpropimorph 750 g L(-1) EC was applied post-emergence to cereal along with a reference standard lindane EC. Stainless steel containers of water were placed at different distances downwind of the application area to trap volatile residues during a study period of 24 h following application. Meteorological conditions in the wind tunnel as well as on the field were constantly monitored during the study period. The wind tunnel system was a partly standardised system on a semi-field scale, i.e. wind direction and wind speed (2 m s(-1)) were constant, but temperature and humidity varied according to the conditions outside. In the field experiment, the average wind speed over the 24 h study period was 3 m s(-1) and no rainfall occurred. Three different measuring lines were installed on the non-target area beside the treated field to cover potential variations in the wind direction. However, no significant differences were observed since the wind direction was generally constant. Fenpropimorph was detected in minor amounts of 0.01-0.05% of the applied material in the wind tunnel experiment. Even at a distance of 1 m beside the treated field, no significant deposition occurred (0.04% of applied material after 24 h). In the field, less than 0.1% of the applied fenpropimorph was detected at 0 m directly beside the treated field. At 5 m distance the deposition values were below 0.04%, and at 20 m distance about 0.01%. In general, the amounts of deposited fenpropimorph detected in the partly standardised wind tunnel system and the higher-tier field study were in good agreement.
authors.affiliation: BASF Aktiengesellschaft, Agricultural Centre, Limburgerhof, Germany. jan.hassink@basf.com
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hassink
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Platz
authors.forename: Reinhold
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stadler
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zangmeister
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fent
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Möndel
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kubiak
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000392:Air Movements; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000737:chemistry; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D009025:Morpholines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014835:Volatilization; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014919:Wind
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D009025:Morpholines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C050435:fenpropimorph