title: Cryosurgical treatment of gingival melanin pigmentation with tetrafluoroethane.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To introduce 1,1,1,2 tetrafluoroethane (TFE), as a new material for cryosurgery of gingival melanin pigmentation (GMP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one patients with GMP were treated using a TFE-cooled cotton swab. Standard digital images of pigmented areas were measured preoperatively and postoperatively with image-analyzing software. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Keratinization was completed 3 to 4 weeks after application, without any trace of pigmentation. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between preoperative and postoperative measurements of pigmented areas (P < .05). During the follow-up period, no side effects were observed and improved esthetics were maintained up to month 30.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical outcomes of cryosurgery with TFE for treatment of GMP are very satisfactory. The use of TFE for cryosurgical treatment of GMP is practical and inexpensive. Moreover, unlike other cryosurgery methods no special equipment is required, and it is safe to store in the dental clinic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey. fatih.arikan@ege.edu.tr
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arikan
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gürkan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003452:Cryosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005882:Gingival Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008875:Middle Aged; D010859:Pigmentation Disorders / Q000601:surgery*; D012008:Recurrence; D012907:Smoking; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D005466:Fluorocarbons; C015531:tetrafluoroethylene