title: Biomass, size, and trophic status of top predators in the Pacific Ocean.
abstract: Fisheries have removed at least 50 million tons of tuna and other top-level predators from the Pacific Ocean pelagic ecosystem since 1950, leading to concerns about a catastrophic reduction in population biomass and the collapse of oceanic food chains. We analyzed all available data from Pacific tuna fisheries for 1950-2004 to provide comprehensive estimates of fishery impacts on population biomass and size structure. Current biomass ranges among species from 36 to 91% of the biomass predicted in the absence of fishing, a level consistent with or higher than standard fisheries management targets. Fish larger than 175 centimeters fork length have decreased from 5% to approximately 1% of the total population. The trophic level of the catch has decreased slightly, but there is no detectable decrease in the trophic level of the population. These results indicate substantial, though not catastrophic, impacts of fisheries on these top-level predators and minor impacts on the ecosystem in the Pacific Ocean.
authors.affiliation: Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. sibert@hawaii.edu
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sibert
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hampton
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kleiber
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maunder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018533:Biomass; D049628:Body Size; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D017753:Ecosystem; D005398:Fisheries; D020387:Food Chain; D010140:Pacific Ocean; D010473:Perciformes / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D011156:Population Density; D011157:Population Dynamics; D011235:Predatory Behavior; D012754:Sharks / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D014413:Tuna / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology