title: Effectiveness, tolerability, and safety of ziprasidone in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder: results of a multi-centre observational trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The ZEISIG study (Ziprasidone Experience in Schizophrenia in Germany/Austria) investigated the effectiveness of ziprasidone as measured by discontinuation rates and mean changes of the BPRS total. Secondary objectives included quality of life, subjective well-being, tolerability, and safety.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and seventy-six subjects with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder were treated within an open-label, 12-week, prospective, flexible-dose observational trial of ziprasidone (40-160 mg/day). Baseline and outcome assessments mainly included Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Clinical Global Impressions Scale (CGI), Short-Form 12 (SF-12), and Subjective Well-being under Neuroleptic treatment (SWN-K).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Study discontinuation due to any cause was evident in 58% of subjects, most of them within the first 4 weeks after study initiation. In study completers, ziprasidone was associated with improvements in BPRS total (44.8 to 33.6; p<0.001), CGI, SF-12, and SWN-K total scores (80.5 to 89.5). Ziprasidone was related to reduction of weight, fasting glucose, and serum lipids. No cardiovascular adverse event or significant increase of the QTc interval was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Approximately 60% of subjects discontinued ziprasidone prematurely, probably related to an initial and overall underdose. The present study confirmed previous tolerability and safety data of ziprasidone as well as results of its effectiveness. Independent from reason to switch, previous antipsychotic class, and severity of illness at baseline, the recommended starting dose of 80 mg/day as well as the maximum treatment dose of 160 mg/day may not be sufficient for a selected subgroup of patients.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany. kudla@uke.uni-hamburg.de
authors.forename: Duerten
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kudla
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Domin
authors.forename: Siegfried
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kasper
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Naber
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001317:Austria; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D010054:Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010352:Patient Dropouts / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010879:Piperazines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011358:Product Surveillance, Postmarketing; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids; D010879:Piperazines; D013844:Thiazoles; C092292:ziprasidone