title: The role of the proteasomal ATPases and activator monoubiquitylation in regulating Gal4 binding to promoters.
abstract: Recent studies have shown that the intersection between transcription and proteins involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway encompasses both proteolytic and nonproteolytic functions. Examples of the latter type include evidence that monoubiquitylation of some transcriptional activators stimulates their activity. In addition, the proteasomal ATPases are recruited to many active promoters through binding to activators and play an important, nonproteolytic role in promoter escape and elongation. In this study, we report the discovery of a new nonproteolytic activity of the proteasome (specifically the proteasomal ATPases): the active destabilization of activator-promoter complexes. This reaction depends on the presence of an activation domain and ATP. Destabilization is inhibited in vitro and in vivo if the protein is monoubiquitylated or if ubiquitin is genetically fused to the activator. The fact that monoubiquitylated activator is resistant to the "stripping" activity of the proteasomal ATPases may explain, in part, why some activators require this modification in order to function efficiently.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Inventions and Department of Microbiology, University of Texas-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.
authors.forename: Anwarul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferdous
authors.forename: Devanjan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sikder
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gillette
authors.forename: Kip
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nalley
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kodadek
authors.forename: Stephen Albert
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Johnston
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016385:TATA Box / Q000235:genetics; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C052130:GAL4 protein, S cerevisiae; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D025801:Ubiquitin; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases