title: Gastroesophageal reflux disease as a cause of death is increasing: analysis of fatal cases after medical and surgical treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The population impact of modern treatment on complicated gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is not well understood. Our aim was to determine the current mortality from GERD in Finland and compare this with the use of health resources.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this population-based retrospective study, Finland's administrative databases provided figures on the nationwide use of antireflux medication, rate of antireflux surgery, and mortality from GERD. Any deceased person included had classic symptoms as well as objective findings of GERD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After analysis of the medical records of 306 patients, 213 were included. Annual mortality from GERD increased (P < 0.001) from 0.18/100,000 in 1987 to 0.46/100,000 in 2000. During that time, use of H2-blockers and proton pump inhibitors and the annual rate of antireflux surgery increased significantly (P < 0.001). Mortality from antireflux surgery, including fundoplication and gastric and esophageal resection, remained around 1.9/1,000 operations. Of the 213 patients whose cause of death was considered to be GERD, 180 (85%) had received medical treatment, including 4 patients whose death was related to either diagnostic or therapeutic endoscopy. Early complications of antireflux surgery caused 24 (11%) deaths; 9 (4%) were late failures of antireflux surgery. Causes of death in the medical group were hemorrhagic esophagitis (82, 47%), aspiration pneumonia (41, 23%), ulcer perforation (25, 14%), rupture with esophagitis (15, 9%), and stricture (13, 7%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regardless of the increased use of health resources, mortality from GERD, especially with medical treatment, rose. Surgery for GERD was also associated with early mortality and usually could not prevent the fatal outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Tuomo K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Rantanen
authors.forename: Eero I T
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Sihvo
authors.forename: Jari V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Räsänen
authors.forename: Jarmo A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Salo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002423:Cause of Death / Q000639:trends; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016629:Esophagectomy; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018662:Fundoplication; D005743:Gastrectomy; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality*; D011379:Prognosis; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors