title: Bone morphogenetic protein-2 is a negative regulator of hepatocyte proliferation downregulated in the regenerating liver.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the expression and dynamic changes of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 in hepatocytes in the regenerating liver in rats after partial hepatectomy (PH), and examine the effects of BMP-2 on proliferation of human Huh7 hepatoma cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: A normal control (NC) group, a partial hepatectomized (PH) group and a sham operated (SO) group. To study the effect of liver regeneration on BMP-2 expression, rats were sacrificed before and at different time points after PH or the sham intervention (6, 12, 24 and 48 h). For each time point, six rats were used in parallel. Expression and distribution of BMP-2 protein were determined in regenerating liver tissue by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Effects of BMP-2 on cell proliferation of human Huh7 hepatoma cell line were assessed using an MTT assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the normal liver strong BMP-2 expression was observed around the central and portal veins. The expression of BMP-2 decreased rapidly as measured by both immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. This decrease was at a maximum of 3.22 fold after 12 h and returned to normal levels at 48 h after PH. No significant changes in BMP-2 immunoreactivity were observed in the SO group. BMP-2 inhibited serum induced Huh7 cell proliferation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BMP-2 is expressed in normal adult rat liver and negatively regulates hepatocyte proliferation. The observed down regulation of BMP-2 following partial hepatectomy suggests that such down regulation may be necessary for hepatocyte proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Diseases, First Clinical College, Shanxi Medical University, 85 Jiefang Nanlu, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China. cuipingxu@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Cui-Ping
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Wen-Min
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Gijs R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: van den Brink
authors.forename: Maikel P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Peppelenbosch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms; D008115:Liver Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; C525720:Bmp2 protein, rat; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta