title: Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV, CD26) and aminopeptidase N (APN, CD13) as regulators of T cell function and targets of immunotherapy in CNS inflammation.
abstract: The ectoenzymes dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV, CD26) and aminopeptidase N (APN, CD13) have been implicated in the regulation of T cell activation and function. Both DP IV and APN serve as targets of efficient enzymatic inhibitors which induce autocrine production of TGF-beta1 and subsequent suppression of T cell proliferation and cytokine release. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the simultaneous inhibition of DP IV and APN enzymatic activity on leukocytes potentiates the anti-inflammatory effect of single DP IV or APN inhibitors. Our data show that the combined application of DP IV and APN inhibitors increased suppression of DNA synthesis in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and isolated T cells in vitro when compared to the use of a single ectopeptidase inhibitor. Moreover, the combined action of DP IV and APN inhibitors markedly increased TGF-beta1 production associated with the observed immunosuppressive effects. In vivo, targeting DP IV and APN provided a potent therapeutic approach for the treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Taken together, our study suggests that combined DP IV and APN inhibition on pathogenic T cells represents a novel and efficient therapy for autoimmune disease of the central nervous system by a mechanism that involves an active TGF-beta1-mediated anti-inflammatory effect at the site of pathology.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany. dirk.reinhold@medizin.uni-magdeburg.de <dirk.reinhold@medizin.uni-magdeburg.de>
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reinhold
authors.forename: Aliza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Biton
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pieper
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lendeckel
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Faust
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Neubert
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bank
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Täger
authors.forename: Siegfried
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ansorge
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brocke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D018826:CD13 Antigens / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D018991:Myelin Proteolipid Protein / Q000276:immunology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000276:immunology; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000494:pharmacology; D011043:Pokeweed Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D018991:Myelin Proteolipid Protein; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D011043:Pokeweed Mitogens; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D013844:Thiazoles; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; C110164:lysyl-(Z(nitro))pyrrolidide; C093632:lysyl-(Z(nitro))thiazolidide; C435023:myelin proteolipid protein (139-151); D018826:CD13 Antigens; D008239:Lysine; C010531:actinonin