title: Characterization of verbal and spatial memory changes from moderate to supraphysiological increases in serum testosterone in healthy older men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been suggested that cognitive changes in response to T supplementation may occur within an ideal range. The objective of this study was to compare the cognitive responses of older, eugonadal men in whom moderate or large increases in serum testosterone levels was induced by exogenous testosterone supplementation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with subsequent grouping of participants according to average increase in circulating T from baseline.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community dwelling participants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-seven healthy, eugonadal, community dwelling male volunteers, mean age 67 years (+/-11 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were randomized to receive weekly intramuscular (i.m.) injections of either 50, 100 or 300 mg T enanthate or placebo (saline) injection for 6 weeks. Cognitive evaluations using a battery of neuropsychological tests were conducted at baseline, weeks 3 and 6 of treatment and after 6 weeks of wash-out.
  
  
  METHODS
  Performance on cognitive tests of verbal and spatial memory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Men with moderate increases in serum T and/or its metabolites demonstrated significant improvements in verbal and spatial memory. In contrast, men with large or low increases in circulating T levels, failed to demonstrate significant changes in memory.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that in healthy older men, beneficial changes in cognitive function induced by T supplementation are most evident with moderate changes in cognition from moderate to high T supplementation increases in T levels. Large or no to low increases in T levels do not appear to appreciably effect cognition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. cherrier@u.Washington.edu
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Cherrier
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Amory
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Craft
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Peskind
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Raskind
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D013739:Testosterone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D014705:Verbal Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; C004648:testosterone enanthate