Identification of components in fast pyrolysis oil and upgraded products by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and flame ionisation detection.
Pyrolysis oil and upgraded products are promising energy carriers. Characterisation of the oils is hampered due to the presence of a large number of components (>400) belonging to a broad variety of chemical compound classes (i.e., acids, aldehydes, ketones). In this study, a comparison of the capabilities of 2D-GC-FID and GC-MS to determine the molecular composition of these oils is made. As such, it represents a chromatographic study for a real application in green catalytic technology. Split-injection of the oil samples, diluted in tetrahydrofuran (THF), was applied without any sample pre-treatment. GC-MS application resulted in coelution, while 2D-GC showed significantly higher chromatographic resolution. Model compound mixtures were used for compound identification in the 2D-GC analysis while GC-MS was used to confirm the molecular structures. The combination of both 2D-GC-FID and GC-MS proved to be a useful method, without the requirement of a 2D-GC/TOF instrument. The technique was applied successfully to identify and quantify the main components in pyrolysis oil and upgraded pyrolysis oil made by hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) technology. Compared to GC-MS, 2D-GC-FID provides a fast overview of the various chemical compound classes present in the oils.
Marsman
J H
JH
Rijks Universiteit Groningen, Department of Chemical Engineering, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands. j.h.marsman@rug.nl
Wildschut
J
J
Mahfud
F
F
Heeres
H J
HJ
D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods*; D005410:Flame Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D009821:Oils / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
D009821:Oils