title: Estrogen receptor agonists and immune system in ovariectomized mice.
abstract: Several data implicate the immune system in bone lost after estrogen deficiency, however, some of the effects on the immune system of estrogen deficiency or of estrogen receptor (ER) modulation are not well established. In this study, the effect of ER agonists on the immune system in ovariectomized mice is analyzed. Mice were ovariectomized and were administered 17beta-estradiol (E2), raloxifene (RAL) or genistein (GEN). The effect of a 4-week treatment on bone turnover and on several parameters that reflect the status of the immune system was studied. Results show that ovariectomy provoked both uterine atrophy and thymic hypertrophy. Although RAL corrected thymic hypertrophy, only E2 corrected both. Ovariectomized mice showed increased levels of serum calcium and cathepsin K gene expression and decreased levels of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, which suggests that there is a persistent alteration in bone metabolism. Moreover, ovariectomy increased B-cells and CD25+ cells, and decreased the percentages of T-cells and Cbfa1 gene expression in bone marrow (BM). All ER agonists corrected, although to different degrees, changes induced by the ovariectomy. Furthermore, results showed that it is essential to adjust ER agonist doses to avoid immunosuppression, since all ER agonists decreased BM T-cell levels.
authors.affiliation: Research Unit, Hospital Clinico Universitario of Valencia, Spain. migarpe@uv.es
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: García-Pérez
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Del Val
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Noguera
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hermenegildo
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pineda
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martinez-Romero
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D017931:DNA Primers; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D019833:Genistein / Q000494:pharmacology; D007107:Immune System / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010052:Ovariectomy; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000819:agonists*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride; D004958:Estradiol; D019833:Genistein