title: Fluorecent staining for study of extracellular polymeric substances in membrane biofouling layers.
abstract: Membrane biofouling by microbial products adversely impacts the feasibility of adopting membrane bioreactors (MBRs) for treating wastewater. The fouling layer structure determines the pressure drop across the fouling layer. Three-dimensional distributions of nucleic acids, proteins, alpha-D-GLUCOPYRANOSE POLYSACCHARIDES, AND B-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides in the fouling layer formed on a mixed cellulose ester membrane were generated utilizing a quadruple staining protocol combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). For the first time, this study constructed a three-dimensional volumetric grids model representing the fouling layer structure on the basis of a series of CLSM images. Quantitative structural information about the fouling layer was extracted from the CLSM images.
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Department, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Yuan
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Duu-Jong
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: X F
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lai
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development; D001704:Biopolymers / Q000032:analysis; D019149:Bioreactors; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000494:pharmacology; D007834:Lasers; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D011108:Polymers / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D012722:Sewage; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D001704:Biopolymers; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011108:Polymers; D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical