title: The 'two global flash' mfERG in high and normal tension primary open-angle glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the sensitivity of the '2 global flash' multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) to detect glaucomatous dysfunction in normal tension (NTG) and high tension primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  MfERGs were recorded from 20 NTG and 20 POAG patients and compared to those of 20 controls. The mfERG array consisted of 103 hexagons. Each m-sequence step started with a focal flash that could be either dark or light (m-sequence: 2--13, L(max): 200 cd/m(2), L(min): 1 cd/m(2)), followed by two global flashes (L(max): 200 cd/m(2)) at an interval of approximately 26 ms. Focal scalar products (SP) were calculated using focal templates derived from the control recordings (VERIS 4.8). We analyzed 5 response averages (central 7.5 degrees and 4 adjoining quadrants) of the response to the focal flash, the direct component at 10-40 ms (DC) and the following two components induced by the effects of the preceding focal flash on the response to the global flashes at 40-70 ms (IC-1) and at 70-100 ms (IC-2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both NTG and POAG patients differed from controls in the IC-1 response to the superior quadrants, and POAG patients also differed from controls in the centre. The most sensitive parameter was the IC-1 of the superior temporal quadrant with an area under the ROC curve of 0.82 for POAG and 0.79 for NTG. The DC and the IC-2 did not differ significantly between the groups. When all five response averages of the IC-1 were taken into consideration 90% of the NTG patients and 85% of the POAG patients were correctly classified as abnormal while 80% of the control subjects were correctly classified as normal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This stimulus sequence holds promise for the diagnosis of early functional changes in POAG. A new finding is that both NTG, as well as POAG can be differentiated from control subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital, Mittlere Strasse 91, 4012, Basel, Switzerland. palmowskia@uhbs.ch
authors.forename: Anja M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Palmowski-Wolfe
authors.forename: Margarita G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Todorova
authors.forename: Selim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Orguel
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Flammer
authors.forename: Mitchell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brigell
mesh_terms: D004596:Electroretinography / Q000379:methods*; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D012372:ROC Curve; D012160:Retina / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index