title: Expression and activity of cGMP-dependent phosphodiesterases is up-regulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rat peritoneal macrophages.
abstract: It has been shown that cyclic GMP (cGMP) modulates the inflammatory responses of macrophages, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. Looking for proteins potentially regulated by cGMP in rat peritoneal macrophages (PMs), in this study we analyzed expression and activity of cGMP-hydrolyzing and cGMP-regulated phosphodiesterases (PDEs). It was found that freshly isolated peritoneal exudate macrophages (PEMs) express enzymes belonging to families PDE1-3, PDE5, PDE10, and PDE11. Analysis of substrate specificity, sensitivity to inhibitors, and subcellular localization showed that PDE2 and PDE3 are the main cGMP-regulated PDE isoforms in PEMs. The profile of PDE expression was altered by maintaining PEMs in culture and treatment with bacterial endotoxin (LPS). After 24 h culture, PDE5 was not present and the levels of PDE2, PDE3, and PDE11 were markedly decreased. However, their expression and activity was recovered after treatment of cultured cells with LPS. A similar pattern of changes was observed for the expression of TNFalpha, but not for guanylyl cyclase A (GC-A). LPS up-regulated PDE expression also in resident peritoneal macrophages (RPMs), although not all PDEs present in PEMs were detected in RPMs. Taken together, our results show that in rat PMs expression of cGMP-dependent PDEs positively correlates with the activation state of cells. Moreover, the fact that most of these PDEs hydrolyze also cAMP indicates that cGMP can play a role of potent regulator of cAMP signaling in macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Signaling Proteins, L. Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Witwicka
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobiałka
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Siednienko
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mitkiewicz
authors.forename: Wojciech A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Gorczyca
mesh_terms: D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013379:Substrate Specificity / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D006152:Cyclic GMP