title: Agrobacterium rhizogenes transformation of the Phaseolus spp.: a tool for functional genomics.
abstract: A fast, reproducible, and efficient transformation procedure employing Agrobacterium rhizogenes was developed for Phaseolus vulgaris L. wild accessions, landraces, and cultivars and for three other species belonging to the genus Phaseolus: P. coccineus, P. lunatus, and P. acutifolius. Induced hairy roots are robust and grow quickly. The transformation frequency is between 75 and 90% based on the 35-S promoter-driven green fluorescent protein and beta-glucuronidase expression reporter constructs. When inoculated with Rhizobium tropici, transgenic roots induce normal determinate nodules that fix nitrogen as efficiently as inoculated standard roots. The A. rhizogenes-induced hairy root transformation in the genus Phaseolus sets the foundation for functional genomics programs focused on root physiology, root metabolism, and root-microbe interactions.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62271, México.
authors.forename: Georgina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Estrada-Navarrete
authors.forename: Xochitl
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Alvarado-Affantranger
authors.forename: Juan-Elías
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Olivares
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Díaz-Camino
authors.forename: Olivia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Santana
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Murillo
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guillén
authors.forename: Nayeli
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Guevara
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Acosta
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Quinto
authors.forename: Dongxue
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Gresshoff
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sánchez
mesh_terms: D015139:Blotting, Southern; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods*; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000032:analysis; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D009586:Nitrogen Fixation; D027805:Phaseolus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012231:Rhizobium / Q000235:genetics*; D042162:Rhizobium tropici / Q000502:physiology; D014170:Transformation, Genetic
chemical_list: D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D005966:Glucuronidase