title: Comparison of superoxide dismutase, thiopental, and nimodipine for maintenance of somatosensory evoked responses during aortic cross-clamping and declamping in dogs.
abstract: Paraplegia is a potential complication of aortic cross-clamping. The occurrence of this devastating sequela has caused increased interest in the use of somatosensory evoked responses (SER) to monitor spinal cord ischemia during aortic cross-clamping. This study was designed to examine changes in SERs during clamping and declamping of the canine aorta after injection of superoxide dismutase (SOD), thiopental (T), and nimodipine (N). In the control group, cross-clamping the aorta produced an increase in latency and a decrease in amplitude of the SER starting at two minutes. Isoelectric SERs were obtained after 16 minutes of aortic cross-clamping, but recovered with cross-clamp removal. When the aorta was clamped for more than 16 minutes in the control group, the isoelectric SERs obtained were irreversible. After the injection of SOD and T, SER latencies and amplitudes changed to a smaller degree with aortic cross-clamping and did not become isoelectric even after 20 minutes of clamping. During aortic cross-clamp removal in the control group, SERs initially improved and then showed signs of reperfusion ischemia, which disappeared after eight minutes. There were no significant SER changes due to reperfusion when SOD or T or the combination was given prior to aortic cross-clamping. There was no difference in SER changes from the control group during aortic cross-clamping and after release of cross-clamping when N was given. Nimodipine did not alter SER changes from aortic cross-clamping alone. In summary, SOD and T, alone or in combination, protect the spinal cord against ischemia during aortic cross-clamping and declamping.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Cardiac Anesthesia, St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 703 Main St, Paterson, NJ 07503, USA.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Casthely
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dluzneski
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Redko
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Cottrell
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoganathan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fiordalisi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000601:surgery*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D004285:Dogs; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory / Q000187:drug effects*; D009553:Nimodipine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013874:Thiopental / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D009553:Nimodipine; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D013874:Thiopental