title: Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition promotes enhancement of antitumor responses by transcutaneous vaccination with cytosine-phosphate-guanosine-oligodeoxynucleotides and model tumor antigen.
abstract: One of the principal goals in tumor immune prophylaxis and tumor therapy is the induction of antitumor responses by generating sufficient numbers of tumor antigen-specific helper T (Th)1 cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). We have demonstrated that the administration of cytosine-phosphate-guanosine-oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) through tape-stripped skin induced a Th1-type immune response and suggested that the skin is a potential site for vaccination. CpG-ODN induces the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and its product prostaglandin (PG) E2 underlies an immunosuppressive network, therefore it is a simple strategy to use a COX-2 inhibitor for tumor vaccination with CpG-ODN. In this study, we examined whether a COX-2 inhibitor enhances the antitumor immune response induced by CpG-ODN with model tumor antigen, ovalbumin (OVA), applied to tape-stripped skin in mice. The COX-2 inhibitor remarkably enhanced antigen-specific Th1-type immune responses and generation of CTLs induced by transcutaneous vaccination with CpG-ODN and OVA. PGE2 and IL-10 levels in the skin were significantly decreased and production of IL-12 was enhanced. This vaccination also induces an effective antitumor immunity in tumor-challenged mice. These results suggested that transcutaneous vaccination with a COX-2 inhibitor, CpG-ODN, and tumor antigen is a very simple and cost-effective strategy for tumor vaccine and may be readily achievable.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Joe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Yukihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aramaki
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000737:chemistry*; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D018899:CpG Islands; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000502:physiology*; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology*; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone