title: Watermelon stomach: clinical aspects and treatment with argon plasma coagulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gastric antral vascular ectasia is a disorder whose pathogenetic mechanism is unknown. The endoscopic treatment with argon plasma coagulation has been considered one of the best endoscopic therapeutic options.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the endoscopic and clinical features of gastric antral vascular ectasia and its response to the argon plasma coagulation treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen patients were studied and classified into two groups: group 1--whose endoscopic aspect was striped (watermelon) or of the diffuse confluent type; group 2--diffuse spotty nonconfluent endoscopic aspect.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group 1 with eight patients, all having autoimmune antibodies, but one, whose antibodies were not searched for. Three were cirrhotic and three had hypothyroidism. All had gastric mucosa atrophy. In group 2, with 10 patients, all had non-immune liver disease, with platelet levels below 90,000. Ten patients were submitted to argon plasma coagulation treatment, with 2 to 36 months of follow-up. Lesions recurred in all patients who remained in the follow-up program and one did not respond to treatment for acute bleeding control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There seem to be two distinct groups of patients with gastric antral vascular ectasia: one related to immunologic disorders and other to non-immune chronic liver disease and low platelets. The endoscopic treatment using argon plasma coagulation had a high recurrence in the long-term evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Endoscopy Service, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. dalton.chaves@fleury.com.br
authors.forename: Dalton M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Chaves
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Cláudio V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Spencer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishioka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001128:Argon / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis; D004564:Electrocoagulation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020252:Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia / Q000276:immunology / Q000601:surgery*; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000276:immunology / Q000601:surgery*; D016558:Hemostasis, Endoscopic / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D001128:Argon