title: Surgical treatment of mild hallux valgus deformity: the state of practice among academic foot and ankle surgeons.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to determine the operative procedure of choice among academic foot and ankle surgeons practicing in the United States for treatment of mild hallux valgus deformity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A hypothetical patient was created: a 60-year-old woman with a mild hallux valgus deformity (first intermetatarsal angle of 11 degrees and hallux valgus angle of 22 degrees). The patient complained of pain around the bunion, nonoperative treatment had failed, and she desired operative correction. The case was sent to academic foot and ankle surgeons to identify their operative treatment of choice. The overall response rate was 83.7% (128 of 153). To be included in the study group each surgeon had 1) foot and ankle patients comprising 50% or more of their clinical practice and 2) direct responsibility for teaching orthopaedic surgery residents. One hundred and three respondents met the inclusion criteria and formed the study group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-seven percent (90 of 103) reported that they would use a distal chevron osteotomy as their primary procedure to correct the mild hallux valgus. Ten percent (10 of 103) reported that they would also add an Akin osteotomy of the proximal phalanx to enhance correction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most respondents chose a distal chevron osteotomy as their primary procedure to correct the mild hallux valgus deformity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pinney
authors.forename: Kyle
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Loretta
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chou
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006215:Hallux Valgus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008684:Metatarsus / Q000601:surgery; D009985:Orthopedics / Q000379:methods*; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods*; D010808:Physical Examination; D011859:Radiography; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D016474:Weight-Bearing