title: Prevalence of cigarette and bidi smoking among rickshaw pullers in Dhaka city.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rickshaw pullers in Dhaka city, Bangladesh are exposed to severe air pollution due to their long stay on city roads. In addition, smoking could further jeopardize their health status. The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of cigarette and bidi smoking among the rickshaw pullers in Dhaka city.
  
  
  METHODS
  One thousand rickshaw pullers (100 from each of the 10 blocs of Dhaka city) were randomly chosen and underwent interviewer administered questionnaire survey during August-October 2003. Data on demographics, education, rickshaw-pulling, smoking status, duration, and daily consumption were collected by 4 trained interviewers using pre-tested questionnaire. Prevalence of cigarette and bidi smoking, and their sociodemographic correlates were examined using bivariate and multivariate analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prevalence of current smoking was 75.9%, while the prevalence of cigarette, bidi and both smoking were 39.2%, 15.7% and 20.9%, respectively. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that those who were older, had lower mean schooling years and smoked more sticks per day are more likely to be bidi or both smokers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of smoking among rickshaw pullers is very high compared to that in general population. Immediate intervention programs are warranted to reduce the future burden of smoking related morbidity among them who are already exposed to tremendous pollution on city roads.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Research Center, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI, USA. rahman.mahbubur@mcrf.mfldclin.edu
authors.forename: Mahbubur
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: A S M
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Nurullah Awal
authors.forename: Tsuguya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011203:Poverty; D015995:Prevalence; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014186:Transportation; D014504:Urban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends