Higher smoking prevalence in urban compared to non-urban areas: time trends in six European countries.
We investigated differences in smoking prevalence between urban and non-urban area of residence in six Western European countries (Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Germany, Italy and Spain), and smoking prevalence trends over the period 1985-2000. In most countries, smoking prevalence was highest in urban areas, and increased with urbanization. Urban/non-urban inequalities were most pronounced among individuals with low education levels, and also among females. There were no significant differences in annual rate of change in smoking prevalence between non-urban and urban areas.
Idris
Berlian I
BI
Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. berlianidris@gmail.com
Giskes
Katrina
K
Borrell
Carme
C
Benach
Joan
J
Costa
Guiseppe
G
Federico
Bruno
B
Helakorpi
Satu
S
Helmert
Uwe
U
Lahelma
Eero
E
Moussa
Kontie M
KM
Ostergren
Per-Olof
PO
Prättälä
Ritva
R
Rasmussen
Niels Kr
NK
Mackenbach
Johan P
JP
Kunst
Anton E
AE
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012423:Rural Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000639:trends; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D018881:Suburban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D014504:Urban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*