title: Opposing effects of spinal nerve ligation on calcium-activated potassium currents in axotomized and adjacent mammalian primary afferent neurons.
abstract: Calcium-activated potassium channels regulate AHP and excitability in neurons. Since we have previously shown that axotomy decreases I(Ca) in DRG neurons, we investigated the association between I(Ca) and K((Ca)) currents in control medium-sized (30-39 microM) neurons, as well as axotomized L5 or adjacent L4 DRG neurons from hyperalgesic rats following L5 SNL. Currents in response to AP waveform voltage commands were recorded first in Tyrode's solution and sequentially after: 1) blocking Na(+) current with NMDG and TTX; 2) addition of K((Ca)) blockers with a combination of apamin 1 microM, iberiotoxin 200 nM, and clotrimazole 500 nM; 3) blocking remaining K(+) current with the addition of 4-AP, TEA-Cl, and glibenclamide; and 4) blocking I(Ca) with cadmium. In separate experiments, currents were evoked (HP -60 mV, 200 ms square command pulses from -100 to +50 mV) while ensuring high levels of activation of I(K(Ca)) by clamping cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration with pipette solution in which Ca(2+) was buffered to 1 microM. This revealed I(K(Ca)) with components sensitive to apamin, clotrimazole and iberiotoxin. SNL decreases total I(K(Ca)) in axotomized (L5) neurons, but increases total I(K(Ca)) in adjacent (L4) DRG neurons. All I(K(Ca)) subtypes are decreased by axotomy, but iberiotoxin-sensitive and clotrimazole-sensitive current densities are increased in adjacent L4 neurons after SNL. In an additional set of experiments we found that small-sized control DRG neurons also expressed iberiotoxin-sensitive currents, which are reduced in both axotomized (L5) and adjacent (L4) neurons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Axotomy decreases I(K(Ca)) due to a direct effect on K((Ca)) channels. Axotomy-induced loss of I(Ca) may further potentiate current reduction. This reduction in I(K(Ca)) may contribute to elevated excitability after axotomy. Adjacent neurons (L4 after SNL) exhibit increased I(K(Ca)) current.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA. csar@mcw.edu
authors.forename: Constantine D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Sarantopoulos
authors.forename: J Bruce
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: McCallum
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rigaud
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: Wai-Meng
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Kwok
authors.forename: Quinn H
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Hogan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019771:Axotomy; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D048429:Cell Size / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D024681:Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020426:Sciatic Neuropathy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D024681:Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers; D002118:Calcium