title: A nonpungent component of steamed ginger--[10]-shogaol--increases adrenaline secretion via the activation of TRPV1.
abstract: We investigated the components of ginger that are involved in increasing body temperature. Gingerols ([6,8,10]-gingerols) and shogaols ([6,8,10]-shogaols) having different alkyl carbon chain lengths were targeted. All the gingerols and shogaols increased intracellular calcium concentration in rat transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1)-expressing HEK293 cells via TRPV1. In this regard, the shogaols were more potent than the gingerols. Aversive responses were induced by [6]-, [10]-gingerol, and [6]-shogaol (5 mmol/l) in rats when these compounds were applied to the eye; however, no response was observed in response to [10]-shogaol (5 and 10 mmol/l). [10]-Shogaol induced nociceptive responses via TRPV1 in rats following its subcutaneous injection into the hindpaw; the pungent compound capsaicin (CAP) and [6]-shogaol were observed to have similar effects. Moreover, adrenal catecholamine secretion, which influences energy consumption, was promoted in rats in response to [6]- and [10]-gingerols and [6]- and [10]-shogaols (1.6 micromol/kg, i.v.). [10]-Shogaol-induced adrenaline secretion was inhibited by administration of capsazepine, a TRPV1 antagonist. In conclusion, gingerols and shogaols activated TRPV1 and increased adrenaline secretion. Interestingly, [10]-shogaol is the only nonpungent compound among the gingerols and shogaols, suggesting its usefulness as a functional ingredient in food.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, COE Program in the 21st Century, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusaku
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Akihito
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: Takahito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwasawa
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobata
authors.forename: Youko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sekiwa
authors.forename: Yasujiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morimitsu
authors.forename: Kikue
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002396:Catechols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D003296:Cooking; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000378:metabolism*; D020939:Zingiber officinale; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D002396:Catechols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels; C120776:TRPV6 channel; C422827:TRPV6 protein, human; C040115:shogaol; D002211:Capsaicin; D002118:Calcium; D004837:Epinephrine