title: IL-1beta induces alkaline phosphatase in human phagocytes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) is found in blood plasma or serum and leukocytes and regulates intercellular processes, maintaining phosphoryl metabolites in a steady state, as well as synthesizing and hydrolyzing phosphate esters on membranes. ALPase supervises the active transport of inorganic phosphates, fats, proteins, carbohydrates and the sodium/potassium pump mechanisms. The formed elements of blood such as polymorphonuclear (PMNs) leucocytes, macrophages (MP) and some lymphocytes are high in ALPase concentrations.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study we have tested whether the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-lra) could influence ALPase generation in IL-1beta or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated neutrophils and MP. Human neutrophils were isolated from heparin-anticoagulated blood drawn from healthy individuals by centrifugation in a two-step gradient, Ficoll-Hypaque. ALPase activity was assessed spectrophotometrically in test tubes containing isolated neutrophils and adherence PBMCs treated with LPS, IL-1beta and IL-1ra, alone or in combination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-lbeta or LPS enhanced ALPase in both PMNs and MP, whereas IL-1ra could not inhibit ALPase activity. We performed time course experiments at 0 min, 5 min, 1 h, 24 h, and 43 h (LPS 20 microg/mL, IL-1beta 10 ng/mL). No significant increase in ALPase activity was seen until 1 h; however, there was a rapid rise over the next few hours. In another set of experiments using IL-1ra (500 ng/mL), there was no difference between treated cells and control cells. The combination of IL-1beta plus IL-1ra did not reduce the ability of IL-1beta to induce ALPase activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that IL-1beta stimulates ALPase through other mechanisms than the release of arachidonic acid products, which are inhibited by IL-lra.
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Lakshmi N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Shanmugham
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Petrarca
authors.forename: Maria L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Castellani
authors.forename: Isaia
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Symeonidou
authors.forename: Stavros
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frydas
authors.forename: Jacopo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vecchiet
authors.forename: Katia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Falasca
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tetè
authors.forename: Pio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Salini
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein / Q000494:pharmacology; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D010586:Phagocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase