title: [Antidotes availability in health services of Catalonia, Spain].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acute poisoning can be treated in different hospital and extrahospital health services. Thus, availability of antidotes in hospital pharmacies, emergency departments and health centres play an important role in poisoning treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a descriptive and transversal study of antidotes availability in different health services of Catalonia (Spain). From April to May 2005, a proper questionnaire was sent to 50 different health centres: 28 basic health centres (including medical ambulances) and 22 hospitals with a distinct medical complexity level, to assess the qualitative (QLA) and quantitative availability (QTA) of antidotes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  QLA resulted to be 82% in extrahospital health centres and 50% in medical ambulances. QTA was 94% for ambulances, whereas, in health centres, differences were observed between rural (55%) and urban (33%) areas. Regarding basic general hospitals (level 1), reference hospitals (level II) and high technology hospitals (level III) the QLA showed values of 39, 54 and 55%, respectively, and the QTA came about 70, 54 y 54.5%, in that order. Furthermore, lack of adequate stocking was observed for compounded formulations, such as albumin, starch, ipecacuanha syrup or IV ethanol, and for essential antidotes as snake antivenin, digoxin immune Fab or hydroxocobalamine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is understocking of poisoning antidotes throughout the health services of Catalonia. Heterogeneity was observed between services with a medical complexity level. The main deficiencies are found in antidotes that, to date, are available as compounded formulations or imported from other countries.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, España.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aguilar Salmerón
authors.forename: Dolors
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Soy Muner
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nogué Xarau
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000552:Ambulances; D000931:Antidotes / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D006296:Health Services; D006801:Humans; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital; D011041:Poisoning / Q000628:therapy*; D012424:Rural Population; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D000931:Antidotes