title: Fetal alcohol syndrome: case report and review of the literature.
abstract: Due to the significant increase in the incidence and prevalence of the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) in developing and developed nations, it is important that dental professionals recognize this condition. Patients with FAS have orofacial characteristics and various psychological and physical symptoms that may affect a dental treatment plan. This article reviews the prevalence, incidence, alcohol dose response and metabolism, and clinical characteristics of FAS. A case demonstrating moderate signs of the condition is included to illustrate some of the characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia. aitthaga@hkusua.hku.hk <aitthaga@hkusua.hku.hk>
authors.forename: Anut
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Itthagarun
authors.forename: Raj G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: Joel B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: Nigel M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: King
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D017742:Dental Care for Chronically Ill / Q000379:methods*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019066:Facies; D005260:Female; D063647:Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000209:etiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D014071:Tooth Abnormalities / Q000209:etiology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology