title: The cone reconstruction of the tricuspid valve in Ebstein's anomaly. The operation: early and midterm results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to describe a new technique for tricuspid valve repair in Ebstein's anomaly and to report early echocardiographic results, as well as early and midterm clinical outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  From November 1993 through August 2005, 40 consecutive patients with Ebstein's anomaly (mean age, 16.8 +/- 12.3 years) underwent a new surgical repair modified from Carpentier's procedure, the principal details of which are as follows. The anterior and posterior tricuspid valve leaflets are mobilized from their anomalous attachments in the right ventricle, and the free edge of this complex is rotated clockwise to be sutured to the septal border of the anterior leaflet, thus creating a cone the vertex of which remains fixed at the right ventricular apex and the base of which is sutured to the true tricuspid valve annulus level. Additionally, the septal leaflet is incorporated into the cone wall whenever possible, and the atrial septal defect is closed in a valved fashion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was 1 (2.5%) hospital death and 1 late death. Early postoperative echocardiograms have shown good right ventricular morphology and reduction in tricuspid regurgitation grade from 3.6 +/- 0.5 to 1.2 +/- 0.5 (P < .0001). After mean follow-up of 4 years, the functional class (New York Heart Association) improved from 2.6 +/- 0.7 to 1.2 +/- 0.4 (P < .0001). Two patients required late tricuspid valve re-repair, and there was neither atrioventricular block nor tricuspid valve replacement at any time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This surgical technique for Ebstein's anomaly can be performed with low mortality and morbidity. Early echocardiograms showed significant reduction of tricuspid insufficiency, and the follow-up showed improvement in patients' clinical status and low incidence of reoperation.
authors.affiliation: Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil. dasilvajp@uol.com.br
authors.forename: José Pedro
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: José Francisco
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Baumgratz
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: da Fonseca
authors.forename: Sônia Meiken
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Franchi
authors.forename: Lilian Maria
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Gláucia Maria P
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Tavares
authors.forename: Andressa Mussi
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Luiz Felipe
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barbero-Marcial
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D020516:Brachial Plexus Neuropathies; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004437:Ebstein Anomaly / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D014261:Tricuspid Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*