title: Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for interdisciplinary rehabilitation of chronic nonmalignant pain syndrome patients.
abstract: This is an update to evidence-based practice guidelines for chronic nonmalignant pain syndrome patients first published in 1995 and revised in 1999. The current guidelines recommend interdisciplinary-focused rehabilitation, which is goal-directed and time-limited. Emphasis is placed on educating patients in active self-management techniques that stress maximizing function. Integrated treatment involving medical, psychological/behavioral, physical/occupational therapy, and disability/vocational interventions are recommended on an outpatient basis whenever clinically possible. Patient selection criteria are delineated. Updated references providing evidence-based support for the recommendations are provided, including the use of opioids and sedative-hypnotic medications, injection and block procedures, acupuncture, implantable spinal infusion and stimulation devices, and other invasive spinal surgery procedures such as intradiscal electrothermal therapy. Guideline integration and early detection and intervention with chronic pain syndrome patients are encouraged.
authors.affiliation: Siskin Hospital's Center for Pain Rehabilitation, Chattanooga, Tennessee 37403, USA. Ssanders@siskinrehab.org
authors.forename: Steven H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: R Norman
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Harden
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Vicente