title: Brain function during multi-trial learning in mild cognitive impairment: a PET activation study.
abstract: We explored functional brain changes with positron emission tomography (PET) in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients and elderly normal controls by employing an episodic memory task that included two successive encoding trials of semantically related word-pairs and final retrieval. Both groups demonstrated significant learning across the two trials. The control group showed predominantly left frontal activity during encoding, and right frontal plus left temporal activity during retrieval. However, the MCI patients recruited partly different brain regions. They failed to activate right frontal and left temporal areas during retrieval, and failed to show any different activation for encoding on the first and second trials, whereas the controls activated a region of posterior cingulate. There was indication of compensatory increases in rCBF of the occipital cortex during incremental learning and the left frontal lobe during retrieval in the patients. These results suggest different episodic memory processing in the MCI group, and a possible over-reliance on semantic processing. Subtle functional changes occur in the pre-Alzheimer brain before there are marked structural or behavioural abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: Chris J A
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Moulin
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laine
authors.forename: Juha O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Rinne
authors.forename: Valtteri
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kaasinen
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sipilä
authors.forename: Jaana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hiltunen
authors.forename: Aki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kangasmäki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001931:Brain Mapping; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography