title: Key maneuvers for successful correction of a deviated nose in Asians.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The authors present surgical results of 64 Asian patients with deviated nose and introduce important key maneuvers used in the surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four consecutive patients who underwent corrective rhinoplasty because of a deviated nose were analyzed retrospectively. Approaches and techniques used for the surgery, surgical results, and complications were evaluated. A questionnaire was used to evaluate each patient's functional and esthetic satisfaction. Preoperative and postoperative standardized photographs of the face were evaluated to judge objectively the esthetic outcomes of the surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An endonasal approach was used in 44 patients and an open approach was used in 20 patients. Five important key maneuvers to correct the deviation were noted, in the order of frequency: septoplasty, osteotomy, spreader graft, turbinoplasty, and camouflage graft. Additional procedures included augmentation of the dorsum, tip surgery, and hump removal. On a 5-point box scale of 0-4, the patients scored their satisfaction on functional improvements as 3.2+/-0.79 and their esthetic satisfaction as 3.0+/-0.8. The objective evaluation of the appearance showed complete correction in 84.4%, a minimally visible deviation in 10.9%, and a residual deviation but less than before surgery in 4.7%. Aside from residual deviations, complications included a slight depression of the middorsum after spreader graft and a malpositioning of the dorsal cartilage graft.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Deviated nose in Asians can be managed successfully by combining key maneuvers that correct specific anatomic abnormalities. Many of these key maneuvers require modifications that take into account the race-specific characteristics of the Asian nose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea. hrjin@paran.com
authors.forename: Hong-Ryul
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Joo-Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: See-Ok
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Yeong-seok
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Dong-Wook
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009667:Nose Deformities, Acquired / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome