title: Homocysteine, reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Type 2 diabetes mellitus shows a characteristic altered platelet function that can be due to several mechanisms such as oxidative stress. Hyperhomocysteinemia, considered as a risk factor for various arterial thrombosis, may have a role in generating oxidative damage, even if the pathogenic mechanisms are still not clear. In this report we aimed to determine the role of plasma homocysteine in inducing oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed on a group of 34 males with type 2 diabetes and 36 healthy subjects matched for sex and age. Patients and healthy subjects were undergone to laboratory evaluation for plasma homocysteine levels and other metabolic parameters. In both groups of subjects platelet reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide and guanosine 3',5' cyclic monophosphate levels were measured. Moreover the reduced glutathione content in platelets of patients and of healthy subjects was assayed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma homocysteine levels were significantly increased in patients compared with healthy subjects. The basal level of reactive oxygen species was significantly higher in patients than in controls. In addition platelets of patients stimulated with thrombin produced more reactive oxygen species than healthy subjects ones. The nitric oxide, guanosine 3',5' cyclic monophosphate and reduced glutathione content were decreased in platelets of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As homocysteine stimulates oxidative stress and inhibits nitric oxide formation, hyperhomocysteinemia measured in type 2 diabetic patients, promoting platelet hyperactivity, could have a role in the atherogenic effects described in type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, Biochemistry Section, University of Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Signorello
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Viviani
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Armani
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cerone
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Minniti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piana
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leoncini
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood*; D015539:Platelet Activation; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D006710:Homocysteine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D005978:Glutathione; D006152:Cyclic GMP