title: Identification of residues of sulfosulfuron and its metabolites in subsoil-dissipation kinetics and factors influencing the stability and degradation of residues from topsoil to subsoil under predominant cropping conditions.
abstract: Long term stability of sulfosulfuron was investigated in subsoil under the natural wheat cropping conditions. Experiments were conducted by applying a commercial formulation of sulfosulfuron on soil at 50 g/ha and 100 g/ha. To understand the factors influencing the persistence of residues two different experiments were conducted. In one experiment wheat crop was cultivated once at the beginning of the two years study period and subsequently the plots were kept undisturbed for the remaining period. In another experiment cultivation of subsequent crops were continued during the study period. In both the cases sulfosulfuron was applied only once at the beginning of the study. Representative soil samples were collected from the depths viz., 0-5, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 cm on different pre determined sampling occasions 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 days after the application of the herbicide. The collected soil samples were analyzed for the residues of sulfosulfuron. Under the influence of continuous cropping conditions residues of sulfosulfuron were found to be relatively low when compared with the soil samples collected from the agriculture plots maintained without any cultivation. The residues detected are in the range 0.001 to 0.017 microg/g. Samples collected from the depth, at 30 to 45 cm showed higher residual concentrations. Soil samples were also showed the presence of break down products. The data has been confirmed by LC-MS/MS. The relation between residue content of sulfosulfuron and the factors contributing the stability of herbicide concentration were also studied.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, International Institute of Bio-technology and Toxicology (IIBAT), Padappai, Chennai 601 301, Tamil Nadu, India. raamesh_a@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Atmakuru
authors.forename: Thirugnanam
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Perumal Elumalai
authors.forename: Sathiyanarayanan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sivanandam
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000032:analysis*; D007194:India; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011743:Pyrimidines; D013449:Sulfonamides; C439268:sulfosulfuron