Pulsed and continuous wave mobile phone exposure over left versus right hemisphere: effects on human cognitive function.
The possible effects of continuous wave (CW) and pulse modulated (PM) electromagnetic field (EMF) on human cognition was studied in 36 healthy male subjects. They performed cognitive tasks while exposed to CW, PM, and sham EMF. The subjects performed the same tasks twice during each session; once with left-sided and once with right-sided exposure. The EMF conditions were spread across three testing sessions, each session separated by 1 week. The exposed hemisphere, EMF condition, and test order were counterbalanced over all subjects. We employed a double-blind design: both the subject and the experimenter were unaware of the EMF condition. The EMF was created with a signal generator connected via amplifier to a dummy phone antenna, creating a power output distribution similar to the original commercial mobile phone. The EMF had either a continuous power output of 0.25 W (CW) or pulsed power output with a mean of 0.25 W. An additional control group of 16 healthy male volunteers performed the same tasks without any exposure equipment to see if mere presence of the equipment could have affected the subjects' performance. No effects were found between the different EMF conditions, separate hemisphere exposures, or between the control and experimental group. In conclusion, the current results indicate that normal mobile phones have no discernible effect on human cognitive function as measured by behavioral tests.
Haarala
Christian
C
Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. christian.haarala@utu.fi
Takio
Fiia
F
Rintee
Taija
T
Laine
Matti
M
Koivisto
Mika
M
Revonsuo
Antti
A
Hämäläinen
Heikki
H
D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D040421:Cell Phone; D003071:Cognition; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male