title: Amygdala size in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis without dementia: an in vivo study using MRI volumetry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evidence for extra-motor involvement in non-demented patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has been provided by multiple studies, in particular neuropathological studies have demonstrated neuronal loss in the amygdala. The aim of this study was to investigate possible alterations of amygdala volumes in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two moderately disabled patients with definite ALS without cognitive or behavioural deficits and 22 age-matched healthy controls were included. Amygdala and total brain volumes were measured by region-of-interest-based volumetry in 3-D MRI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A trend was observed with reduced amygdala size in the ALS group, since mean absolute and brain size-corrected amygdala volumes were 6.9% and 7.6% lower in the patient group compared to those in normal controls (P = 0.086 and P = 0.110), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Volumetrically identifiable alterations of the amygdala can be mapped in vivo and may be associated with psychopathological findings in later stages of ALS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany. Elmar.Pinkhardt@t-online.de <Elmar.Pinkhardt@t-online.de>
authors.forename: Elmar H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Pinkhardt
authors.forename: Ludger Tebartz
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: van Elst
authors.forename: Albert C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ludolph
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kassubek
mesh_terms: D000679:Amygdala / Q000473:pathology*; D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000473:pathology*; D003704:Dementia / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged