title: Epidural anesthesia with bupivacaine, bupivacaine and fentanyl, or bupivacaine and sufentanil during intravenous administration of propofol for ovariohysterectomy in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare cardiovascular and systemic effects and analgesia during the postoperative period of epidural anesthesia performed with bupivacaine alone or with fentanyl or sufentanil in bitches maintained at a light plane of anesthesia with continuous infusion of propofol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective randomized masked clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  30 female dogs of various breeds.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs were allocated into 3 groups of 10 each. One group received fentanyl (2 microg/kg [0.91 microg/lb]) and bupivacaine (1 mg/kg [0.45 mg/lb]), 1 group received sufentanil (1 microg/kg) and bupivacaine (1 mg/kg), and 1 group received bupivacaine (1 mg/kg). All dogs received acepromazine (0.1 mg/kg [0.045 mg/lb]) and continuous infusion of propofol for sedation. The agents were administered into the lumbosacral space and diluted in saline (0.9% NaCl) solution to a total volume of 0.36 mL/kg (0.164 mL/lb). Cardiac and respiratory rates, arterial blood pressures, pH, and blood gases were evaluated. Analgesia, sedation level, serum cortisol concentrations, and plasma catecholamine concentrations were measured regularly for 6 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No important changes in cardiovascular, respiratory, or sedation variables were observed. Degree of analgesia in the postoperative period was higher in the sufentanil group, although use of fentanyl and bupivacaine also resulted in a sufficient level of analgesia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of the 3 anesthetic techniques permitted ovariohysterectomy with sufficient analgesia and acceptable neuroendocrine modulation of pain with minimal adverse effects.
authors.affiliation: Surgery Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnic, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiana F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Denise T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Fantoni
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mastrocinque
authors.forename: Angelica C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Tatarunas
authors.forename: Viviane H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Imagawa
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D017409:Sufentanil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D017409:Sufentanil; D005283:Fentanyl; D002045:Bupivacaine; D015742:Propofol