title: A proteomics study of the response of North Ronaldsay sheep to copper challenge.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this proteomics study was to identify proteins that changed expression as a result of copper challenge in the uniquely copper sensitive North Ronaldsay sheep and further, to compare those changes in expression with the more copper tolerant Cambridge breed. Such data gives us a proteome-centered perspective of the pathogenesis of copper-induced oxidative stress in this breed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Many proteins respond to copper challenge, but this study focuses on those exhibiting a differential response between the two breeds, related to liver copper content. As copper accumulated in the tissue, the pattern of expression of several proteins was markedly different, in North Ronaldsay sheep as compared to the Cambridge breed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pattern of changes was consistent with the greatly enhanced susceptibility of North Ronaldsay sheep to copper-induced oxidative stress, focused on mitochondrial disturbance with consequent activation of hepatic stellate cells. The expression profiles were sufficiently complex that the response could not simply be explained as a hypersensitivity to copper in North Ronaldsay sheep.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZJ, UK. dsimpson@liv.ac.uk
authors.forename: Deborah M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mobasheri
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haywood
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Beynon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000662:veterinary*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D040901:Proteomics; D012756:Sheep / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003300:Copper