title: An algorithm for family screening for coeliac disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the level of undiagnosed coeliac disease (CD) in relatives of patients affected by the condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected blood from 914 relatives of probands. We screened these individuals by ELISA for IgA and IgG tTG antibodies, confirming any positive IgA tTG results with an IgA EMA and looked for evidence of IgA deficiency in those who were IgG tTG positive alone, and performed IgG1 EMA in these individuals. We undertook HLA typing where positive screening was found, and this confirmed a strong prevalence of HLA-DQ2 in the coeliac population. Follow-up small intestinal biopsy was undertaken in cases with positive serological screening, wherever possible.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Use of this serological screening algorithm revealed a prevalence of undiagnosed CD in 5%-6% of first degree relatives of probands.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggests that first degree relatives of individuals with CD should be screened for this condition.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jocelyn-S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: Alistair-L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: H-Julia
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: Simon-J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Moodie
authors.forename: Ingvar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bjarnason
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Swift
authors.forename: Paul-J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Ciclitira
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001706:Biopsy; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000379:methods*; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010375:Pedigree; D015995:Prevalence; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens; C053186:HLA-DQ2 antigen; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D011503:Transglutaminases