title: The hidden costs of caring: what managers need to know.
abstract: Vicarious trauma, compassion fatigue, and secondary traumatic stress all have negative costs associated with them that managers of health care agencies need to know about. This article describes the causes and effects of vicarious trauma, compassion fatigue, and secondary traumatic stress on frontline staff. It also examines the negative impact on the functioning of an organization and suggests some intervention strategies that leadership might utilize to mitigate these negative factors.
authors.affiliation: London Mental Health Crisis Service and Centralized Emergency Psychiatry Service, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada. dawnwhite@rogers.com
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005221:Fatigue / Q000523:psychology; D006268:Health Facilities / Q000191:economics*; D006270:Health Facility Administrators; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008503:Medical Staff / Q000523:psychology; D009864:Ontario; D010559:Personnel Management / Q000379:methods; D013315:Stress, Psychological