title: Long-lasting and transmission-blocking activity of antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum elicited in mice by protein conjugates of Pfs25.
abstract: Malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, estimated to cause >1 million childhood deaths annually. Plasmodium falciparum causes the most severe form of the disease. There is as yet no licensed vaccine for this disease, despite over a half century of research. In this study, we investigated a transmission-blocking vaccine candidate, the ookinete surface protein Pfs25. Antibodies against Pfs25, drawn in during a bite, can block parasite development in the mosquito midgut, preventing transmission to other individuals. Pfs25 is a low-molecular-weight protein, by itself not immunogenic. To increase its immunogenicity, we investigated several methods of conjugating Pfs25 to itself and to other proteins: recombinant Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A, and ovalbumin, using amide, hydrazone, or thioether linkages. All conjugates were immunogenic and induced booster responses in mice. The scheme to form amide bonds between proteins by using adipic acid dihydrizide as a linker produced the most immunogenic conjugates. Adsorption of the conjugates onto aluminum hydroxide further increased the antibody response. Remarkably, the antibody levels 3 or 7 months after the last injection were significantly higher than those 1 wk after that injection. The observed transmission-blocking activity of immune sera correlated with antibody levels measured by ELISA.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Developmental and Molecular Immunity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, MSC 2423, Bethesda, MD 20892-2520, USA.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kubler-Kielb
authors.forename: Fathy
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Majadly
authors.forename: Yimin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Narum
authors.forename: Chunyan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Louis H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shiloach
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schneerson
mesh_terms: D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases / Q000276:immunology; D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000469:parasitology; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005098:Exotoxins / Q000276:immunology; D007114:Immunization; D017780:Malaria Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D051379:Mice; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000276:immunology*; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000276:immunology; D000097668:Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exotoxin A
chemical_list: D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D005098:Exotoxins; D017780:Malaria Vaccines; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D037521:Virulence Factors; D000097668:Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exotoxin A; C071284:Pfs25 protein, Plasmodium falciparum