Using economic analysis to evaluate the potential of multimodality therapy for elderly patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer.
OBJECTIVE
Development of new and expensive drugs with activity against pancreatic cancer has made economic considerations more relevant to treatment decision-making for advanced disease. Economic modeling can be used to explore the potential of such novel therapies and to inform clinical trial design.


METHODS
We developed a Markov model to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of radiation plus fluorouracil (RT-FU) relative to no treatment in elderly patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) and to determine the economic potential of radiation plus gemcitabine (RT-GEM), a novel regimen for this disease. We used the SEER-Medicare database to estimate effectiveness and costs supplemented by data from the literature where necessary.


RESULTS
Relative to no treatment, RT-FU was associated with a cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $68,724/QALY in the base case analysis. Compared with RT-FU, the ICER for RT-GEM was below $100,000/QALY when the risk of dying with the new regimen was <85% than with the standard regimen. However, >1,000 subjects would be necessary to demonstrate this level of efficacy in a randomized trial. The ICER of RT-GEM was most sensitive to utility values, and, at lower efficacy levels, to costs of gemcitabine and treatment-related toxicity.


CONCLUSIONS
In elderly patients with LAPC, RT-FU is a cost-effective alternative to no treatment. The novel regimen of RT-GEM is likely to be cost-effective at any clinically meaningful benefit, but quality-of-life issues, drug acquisition, and toxicity-related costs may be relevant, especially at lower efficacy levels.
Krzyzanowska
Monika K
MK
Department of Adult Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. monika.krzyzanowska@uhn.on.ca
Earle
Craig C
CC
Kuntz
Karen M
KM
Weeks
Jane C
JC
D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008390:Markov Chains; D006278:Medicare / Q000191:economics; D018803:Models, Economic; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D016019:Survival Analysis; D000093542:Gemcitabine
D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D005472:Fluorouracil; D000093542:Gemcitabine