title: Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients beyond the Milan but within the UCSF criteria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Liver transplantation (LT) is the best therapy for early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in cirrhosis. Whereas the Milan criteria are routinely applied, the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) criteria are occasionally considered in large-volume transplant centers. Poor information is available about the real "gain" in patients' outcome when extending the listing criteria from Milan to UCSF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Out of 100 patients transplanted for HCC at our center, 4 patients exceeding the Milan but meeting the UCSF criteria were identified. Data of these patients were analysed for the purposes of this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three of them are currently alive after a median follow up of 57 months. One patient died 20 months post-transplant as a result of complications from hepatitis. Of the three who are alive, one underwent surgery for HCC recurrence 81 months post transplant. The remaining two have no evidence of tumor 56 and 57 months post transplant, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results, as well as the reviewed literature, showed that only a small percentage of transplanted HCC patients can be classified as "beyond Milan-within UCSF". These patients seem to have acceptable overall, as well as recurrence free survivals. Large-volume patients' series, intention- to-treat analysis based on the radiological findings and multi-center prospective studies are required, in order to further explore the outcome of patients "beyond Milan-within UCSF" criteria and in order to better define the risk/benefit ratio of a potential expansion of the current listing criteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany. Georgios.sotiropoulos@uni-essen.de
authors.forename: Georgios C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Sotiropoulos
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Molmenti
authors.forename: O S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Omar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bockhorn
authors.forename: E I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Brokalaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frilling
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Broelsch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malagó
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012495:San Francisco; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome