The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule: revised algorithms for improved diagnostic validity.
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) Modules 1-3 item and domain total distributions were reviewed for 1,630 assessments of children aged 14 months to 16 years with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or with heterogeneous non-spectrum disorders. Children were divided by language level and age to yield more homogeneous cells. Items were chosen that best differentiated between diagnoses and were arranged into domains on the basis of multi-factor item-response analysis. Reflecting recent research, the revised algorithm now consists of two new domains, Social Affect and Restricted, Repetitive Behaviors (RRB), combined to one score to which thresholds are applied, resulting in generally improved predictive value.
Gotham
Katherine
K
University of Michigan Autism and Communication Disorders Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2054, USA. kog@umich.edu
Risi
Susan
S
Pickles
Andrew
A
Lord
Catherine
C
D000293:Adolescent; D020817:Asperger Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003142:Communication; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination; D007223:Infant; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D019370:Observation; D010988:Play and Playthings; D011581:Psychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013239:Stereotyped Behavior; D014825:Vocabulary