title: Ancient noncoding elements conserved in the human genome.
abstract: Cartilaginous fishes represent the living group of jawed vertebrates that diverged from the common ancestor of human and teleost fish lineages about 530 million years ago. We generated approximately 1.4x genome sequence coverage for a cartilaginous fish, the elephant shark (Callorhinchus milii), and compared this genome with the human genome to identify conserved noncoding elements (CNEs). The elephant shark sequence revealed twice as many CNEs as were identified by whole-genome comparisons between teleost fishes and human. The ancient vertebrate-specific CNEs in the elephant shark and human genomes are likely to play key regulatory roles in vertebrate gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673. mcbbv@imcb.a-star.edu.sg
authors.forename: Byrappa
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Venkatesh
authors.forename: Ewen F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Kirkness
authors.forename: Yong-Hwee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Loh
authors.forename: Aaron L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Halpern
authors.forename: Alison P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Nidhi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dandona
authors.forename: Lakshmi D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Viswanathan
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tay
authors.forename: J Craig
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Venter
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Strausberg
authors.forename: Sydney
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brenner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D021901:DNA, Intergenic; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D016678:Genome; D015894:Genome, Human; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D012754:Sharks / Q000235:genetics*; D023741:Takifugu / Q000235:genetics; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D021901:DNA, Intergenic