title: The nitric oxide donor LA 419 decreases ischemic brain damage.
abstract: Stroke represents a major clinical problem with limited available therapeutic treatments. Nitric oxide (NO) and the enzymes that produce it are involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. Here we investigated whether the novel NO donor LA 419 was able to ameliorate the consequences of stroke in an experimental model of global ischemia. We observed a sharp increase in the amounts of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and nitrotyrosine in the cerebral cortex of experimental rats and a moderate increase of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS), as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and enzymatic activity assays. Treatment of these animals with LA 419 completely prevented ischemia-induced upregulation of nitrergic markers. Magnetic resonance imaging of the experimental brains showed a marked decrease in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) following ischemia-reperfusion, which was significantly corrected by pre-treatment with LA 419. These results clearly show that LA 419 is an efficient modulator of NO-related pathophysiological events and could eventually be used for the treatment of patients with cerebrovascular pathologies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Avenida del Doctor Arce 327, 28002 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Serrano
authors.forename: Ana Patricia
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martínez-Murillo
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rodrigo
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Salas
authors.forename: Marisabel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mourelle
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martínez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007548:Isosorbide Dinitrate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C503157:LA 419; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D007548:Isosorbide Dinitrate; D002118:Calcium