Juvenile idiopathic epilepsy in Egyptian Arabian foals: 22 cases (1985-2005).
BACKGROUND
Epilepsy is relatively uncommon in horses compared with other species and limited information is available.


OBJECTIVE
The objectives of the study were to describe the age of onset, clinical signs, clinicopathologic data, electroeticephalographic findings, treatment, and outcome, including long-term prognosis in Arabian foals with idiopathic epilepsy.


METHODS
Twenty-two foals were included in the study.


METHODS
Medical records from 1985 to 2005 were reviewed.


RESULTS
The age of onset of affected foals ranged from 2 days to 6 months. Seizures were characterized by generalized tonic and clonic motor activity, staring, and loss of consciousness. The most common postictal signs were transient blindness and abnormal mental status. The interictal neurologic examination was otherwise normal. Clinicopathologic data and imaging diagnostics were normal except in 4 foals that developed complications. Electroencephalography revealed epileptiform activity in 9 of 13 foals. Foals were treated with benzodiazepines for the short-term; whereas phenobarbital was used over the long-term. Potassium bromide was added in 3 foals in which seizures were multiple, frequent, and difficult to control. The long-term prognosis was favorable with cessation of seizures by 1 year of age. The most common complication was head trauma. The most common concurrent disease was pneumonia.


CONCLUSIONS
Juvenile idiopathic epilepsy of Egyptian Arabian foals has an early clinical onset but appears to be self-limiting. Information obtained from this study strongly suggests a heritable condition that merits further investigation.
Aleman
Monica
M
Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. mraleman@ucdavis.edu
Gray
Leah C
LC
Williams
D Colette
DC
Holliday
Terrell A
TA
Madigan
John E
JE
LeCouteur
Richard A
RA
Magdesian
K Gary
KG
D017668:Age of Onset; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D004829:Epilepsy, Generalized / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D004830:Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D006736:Horses; D008297:Male; D020190:Myoclonic Epilepsy, Juvenile / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D010375:Pedigree; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000927:Anticonvulsants