title: Prognostic indicators in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.
abstract: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVT) can affect all age groups, particularly women of childbearing age. Overall prognosis for survival and functional independence is better than it was believed. Mortality usually ranges from 6-15% and transtentorial herniation is the major cause of death. Approximately 80% of patients are functionally independent in the long term. Altered mental status and cerebral haemorrhage at presentation are the strongest predictors of death and disability. Patients with CVT related to pregnancy and puerperium generally do better than patients with other causes. Septic CVT carries a worse prognosis than aseptic CVT and of the latter, patients with syndrome of isolated intracranial hypertension have a better prognosis than those with focal deficits or encephalopathy. Anticoagulation is believed to improve outcome in CVT although robust data are lacking. Epilepsy, headaches, visual loss, pyramidal deficits and cognitive impairment are some of the long term sequelae. The risk of recurrence of CVT is low, particularly after the first 12 months of the first episode.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Karachi.
authors.forename: Bilal
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hameed
authors.forename: Nadir Ali
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Syed
mesh_terms: D002550:Cerebral Veins / Q000473:pathology*; D003392:Cranial Sinuses / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012851:Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology