title: Supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids in parenteral nutrition beneficially alters phospholipid fatty acid pattern.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The clinical safety and the uptake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) into the serum phospholipids and erythrocyte membranes after administration of fish-oil-supplemented parenteral nutrition (PN) was investigated in colorectal surgical patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients undergoing colorectal surgery (n = 40) and with an indication for PN were enrolled in a prospective, double-blind, randomized study to receive an omega-3 PUFA-supplemented 20% lipid emulsion (Lipoplus; B. Braun Melsungen, Melsungen, Germany; test group, n = 19) for 5 days postoperatively. The control group received a standard 20% fat emulsion (Lipofundin MCT/LCT, B. Braun Melsungen, Melsungen, Germany, control group, n = 21). Clinical outcome parameters and safety were assessed by means of adverse events recording clinical parameters and hematologic analyses. The contents of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), as well as arachidonic acid (AA), in phospholipid fractions in plasma and in erythrocytes were analyzed preoperatively, on postoperative days 1, 6, and 10 using liquid gas chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both fat emulsions were well tolerated, and none of the adverse events was considered to be related to treatment. Postoperative infectious complications occurred in 4 patients of the omega-3 PUFA group vs 7 patients in the control group. As compared with the control group, the omega-3 PUFA group had significantly increased levels of EPA in the membranes of the erythrocytes in postoperative day 6 (2.0% +/- 0.9% vs 0.8% +/- 0.5% fatty acid methyl esters, [FAME]) and postoperative day 10 (2.1% +/- 0.8% vs 0.9% +/- 0.7% FAME, p < .05). Also, the EPA levels in the serum phospholipids were significantly higher than in the control group on the same postoperative days (7.0% +/- 2.6% vs 1.3% +/- 0.8% and 3.6% +/- 1.0% vs 1.0% +/- 0.4% FAME, p < .05). The DHA levels in the serum phospholipids were significantly higher in the omega-3 PUFA group compared with the control on postoperative days 6 and 10 (11.8% +/- 1.9% vs 8.4% +/- 1.5% and 11.2% +/- 1.6% vs 8.5% +/- 1.4% FAME, p < .05). AA levels were not significantly different in the both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Omega-3-fatty-acids-supplemented fat emulsions for parenteral administration are safe and very well tolerated. This study demonstrates that parenteral administration of omega-3-PUFA-enriched fat emulsions leads to increased incorporation of EPA and DHA into phospholipids in serum and erythrocytes, whereas AA levels remain unchanged. Thus, postoperative parenteral administration of omega-3-PUFA-enriched lipid emulsions could have an impact on the postoperative inflammatory response after abdominal surgery and could be used in standard postoperative care when PN is indicated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Ruhr-University Bochum, St. Josef Hospital, Bochum, Germany. Senkal@Marien-Hospital-Witten.de
authors.forename: Metin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Senkal
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Geier
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hannemann
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Deska
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Linseisen
authors.forename: Günther
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wolfram
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adolph
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003107:Colorectal Surgery / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000737:chemistry*; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012449:Safety; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D010743:Phospholipids