title: Susceptibility of Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) developmental stages to high temperatures used during structural heat treatments.
abstract: Heating the ambient air of a whole, or a portion of a food-processing facility to 50 to 60 degrees C and maintaining these elevated temperatures for 24 to 36 h, is an old technology, referred to as heat treatment. There is renewed interest in adopting heat treatments around the world as a viable insect control alternative to fumigation with methyl bromide. There is limited published information on responses of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), exposed to elevated temperatures typically used during heat treatments. Time-mortality relationships were determined for eggs, fifth-instars (wandering-phase larvae), pupae, and adults of P. interpunctella exposed to five constant temperatures between 44 and 52 degrees C. Mortality of each stage increased with increasing temperature and exposure time. In general, fifth-instars were the most heat-tolerant stage at all temperatures tested. Exposure for a minimum of 34 min at 50 degrees C was required to kill 99% of the fifth-instars. It is proposed that heat treatments aimed at controlling fifth-instars should be able to control all other stages of P. interpunctella.
authors.affiliation: Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA. r.mahroof@okstate.edu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mahroof
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Subramanyam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016266:Food Parasitology; D006361:Heating; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008018:Life Cycle Stages; D009036:Moths / Q000254:growth & development