title: Brow lift via the direct and trans-blepharoplasty approaches.
abstract: Brow ptosis occurs as part of the aging process, and as a complication of facial nerve paresis. The article addresses the options available for correction of brow ptosis. The direct brow lift is effective for medial and central brow ptosis, and additional lift laterally may occasionally be needed. This is achieved with either a temporal external lift or an internal lift combined with blepharoplasty. The direct brow lift is suitable for any degree and pattern of brow ptosis, usually in males. It is also suitable for older females as well as male patients with facial paresis or marked involutional brow ptosis. The trans-blepharoplasty brow lift is suitable for relatively small degrees of brow ptosis affecting mainly the lateral two-thirds of the brow in any age group. It is often combined with upper lid blepharoplasty and is performed through the same incision. Complications associated with the direct brow lift include a cosmetically disturbing scar, granuloma formation due to the use of braided absorbable sutures rather than monofilament sutures, and the brow descending again. There may be temporary patches of reduced sensation in the forehead which normally recover in a few months. Complications associated with the trans-blepharoplasty brow lift include less lift than desired, and sutures causing dimpling of the skin. These two techniques are useful additions to the approaches for patients with brow ptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Salisbury Health Care, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK. snthony.tyers@salisbury.nhs.uk
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Tyers
mesh_terms: D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D004954:Esthetics; D005138:Eyebrows; D005546:Forehead / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000379:methods*