title: Cigarette and nargileh smoking practices among school students in Beirut, Lebanon.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence and predictors of smoking nargileh and/or cigarettes among school students in Greater Beirut, Lebanon.
  
  
  METHODS
  A proportionate random sample of 2443 students from 13 public and private schools was selected and asked to complete self-administered anonymous questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of smoking cigarettes only, nargileh only, and both was 2.5%, 25.6%, and 6.3%, respectively. Stepwise regression analyses revealed that the predictors of smoking for either type are different, whereby nargileh smoking is more culturally accepted than cigarette smoking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Design interventions to increase awareness towards the hazards of the misconceived harmless effects of nargileh smoking.
authors.affiliation: School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Ontario, Canada. htamim@yorku.ca
authors.forename: Hala
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tamim
authors.forename: Ban
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Al-Sahab
authors.forename: Ghassan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Akkary
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghanem
authors.forename: Nada
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tamim
authors.forename: Zana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: El Roueiheb
authors.forename: Mayada
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanj
authors.forename: Rima
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Afifi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007861:Lebanon; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D012932:Social Facilitation; D012945:Social Values; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology