title: The management of HIV and hepatitis B coinfection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Coinfection with HIV and hepatitis B virus has a significant impact on the natural history of hepatitis B disease with faster rates of progression to cirrhosis and end stage liver disease. An increasing number of hepatitis B virus active drugs are now available, many of which have dual anti-HIV activity. This review highlights the most important recent developments in the management of HIV and hepatitis B virus coinfection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Natural history studies continue to confirm the increased rate of liver-related mortality in coinfected individuals and the importance of hepatocellular carcinoma in this population. The most recent studies of adefovir and tenofovir in open label use in coinfected individuals are discussed and new data on the activity of emtricitabine, entecavir and pegylated interferon are presented. Strategies for use of these new options for anti-hepatitis B virus therapy in coinfected individuals are discussed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevention of end stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma in the coinfected population is vital and the increasing availability of drugs with potent anti-hepatitis B activity is encouraging. Appropriate diagnosis and monitoring of hepatitis B, coupled with better understanding of the mechanisms of drug resistance, will enable clinicians to manage coinfection more effectively.
authors.affiliation: Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Program, National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. gmatthews@nchecr.unsw.edu.au
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Matthews
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015897:Comorbidity; D018450:Disease Progression; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents