title: Thrombus predicts ischemic complications during percutaneous coronary intervention in saphenous vein grafts: results from TARGET (do Tirofiban and ReoPro give similar efficacy trial?).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Saphenous vein graft (SVG) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) carries a high risk of ischemic complications. However, there are scant recent data to identify which SVG lesions carry particularly high risk in recent years. We studied demographic and angiographic factors associated with ischemic complications after SVG PCI without distal protection in the TARGET (do tirofiban and reopro give similar efficacy trial?) study.
  
  
  METHODS
  TARGET was a multicenter double-dummy, double-blinded study randomizing 4,809 PCI patients to tirofiban or abciximab. Of these, 254 patients underwent PCI involving an SVG lesion. The primary endpoint of this analysis was major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) at 30 days, including death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), and urgent target vessel revascularization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No demographic characteristic was associated with 30-day MACE. Lesion length > 20 mm (odds ratio [OR] = 2.7, P = 0.03), thrombus (OR = 3.9, P = 0.003), eccentricity (P = 0.001), thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow < 3 post-procedure (OR = 5.6, P = 0.037), and >1 target lesion (OR = 2.5, P = 0.035) were univariate variables associated with 30-day MACE. Multivariate analysis associated only thrombus (OR = 3.8, P = 0.015) with 30-day MACE. No difference in outcomes was noted between patients receiving abciximab and tirofiban. SVG patients had lesser angiographic success (95.6% vs. 98%, P = 0.04) and increased 30-day Q-wave MI (2.5% vs. 0.9%, P = 0.039) compared with non-SVG patients, but a similar incidence of death (0% vs. 0.4%), non-Q-MI (5.9% vs. 4.5%), and target vessel revascularization (0.5% vs. 1%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the era of routine stenting and GpIIb/IIIa inhibitors, thrombus is the angiographic characteristic most closely associated with adverse outcomes of SVG PCI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania 17822, USA. arunk@geisinger.edu
authors.forename: Arun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kalyanasundaram
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Blankenship
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.forename: Rick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McClure
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moliterno
mesh_terms: D000077284:Abciximab; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000628:therapy; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012086:Reoperation; D012107:Research Design; D012307:Risk Factors; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000637:transplantation*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D000077466:Tirofiban; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; D014443:Tyrosine; D000077466:Tirofiban; D000077284:Abciximab