title: Magnesium intake, glucose and insulin serum levels in pre-school very-low-birth weight pre-term children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate cross-sectional associations between dietary magnesium intake and the metabolic pattern of very-low-birth-weight (VLBW, <1500 g) pre-term children, in pre-school years (>2 and <6 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-eight Italian children without major congenital malformations/conditions were enrolled; dietary intakes, clinical and (in 34 cases) laboratory characteristics were evaluated. Subjects with lower magnesium intake showed significantly higher fasting glucose, insulin and Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) levels. At simple regression analysis, fasting glucose was significantly associated with magnesium intake (inversely) and catch-up growth (CUG). Fasting insulin and HOMA-IR values were inversely associated with intakes of magnesium and fibres, and directly with Body Mass Index (BMI) and CUG. In a multiple regression model, after adjusting for multiple confounders and fibre intake, magnesium intake was inversely associated with glucose (beta=-0.018; 95%CI -0.026 to -0.010), but not with insulin or HOMA-IR levels. In the same model, dietary fibres remained inversely associated with insulin (beta=-0.075; -0.14 to -0.008) and HOMA-IR levels (beta=-0.06; -0.11 to -0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest a significant association between reduced magnesium intake and fasting glucose, and between reduced fibre intake and insulin resistance and this is present even in earlier childhood, and independently of BMI and growth characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy. sbo@molinette.piemonte.it
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bo
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bertino
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trapani
authors.forename: Rossana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bagna
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Michieli
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gambino
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ghione
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fabris
authors.forename: Gian Franco
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Pagano
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn / Q000097:blood / Q000254:growth & development; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000097:blood / Q000254:growth & development; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight / Q000097:blood / Q000254:growth & development; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D008274:Magnesium / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D007328:Insulin; D008274:Magnesium