title: Proliferative phase endosperm promoters from Arabidopsis thaliana.
abstract: Endosperm accounts for a large proportion of human nutrition and is also a major determinant of seed viability and size, not only in cereals, but also in species with ephemeral endosperms, such as soybean and oilseed rape. The extent of endosperm proliferation early in seed development is a crucial component in setting seed size; therefore, a biotechnological approach for the modification of this trait requires promoters active in early endosperm. To find such promoters, we constructed an array based on cDNAs extracted from developing Arabidopsis seeds enriched for proliferating endosperm. Hybridization with RNA extracted from vegetative and reproductive tissues, including endosperm, and subsequent data filtering yielded sets of endosperm-expressed and endosperm-preferred genes, including many hundreds not previously identified in array experiments designed to detect genes expressed in Arabidopsis seeds. Of eight promoters selected for validation, seven were active in early endosperm, three with no detected activity elsewhere in the plant. Therefore, this strategy has yielded proliferative phase endosperm promoters which should be useful in altering seed size.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
authors.forename: Sushma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tiwari
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spielman
authors.forename: Rob C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: Rod J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Scott
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D015723:Gene Library; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000502:physiology; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000032:analysis; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D012639:Seeds / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D005966:Glucuronidase