title: Bismuth-norfloxacin complex: synthesis, physicochemical and antimicrobial evaluation.
abstract: Norfloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which is active against various Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative microorganisms. Presence of metal ions considerably alters the activity of fluoroquinolones against potentially susceptible bacteria. As bismuth is known to possess a good antibacterial activity, bismuth complex of norfloxacin was prepared by reacting bismuth citrate with aqueous solution of norfloxacin. The structure of the bismuth-norfloxacin complex (BNC) was confirmed by spectral, chemical and elemental analysis. Antimicrobial studies were carried out using agar diffusion method against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Klebsiella pneumoniae (NTCC 10320), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Bacillus pumilis (NTCC 8241) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228). The results showed significant increase (p<0.05, Tukeys test) in antibacterial activity of BNC as compared with norfloxacin and physical mixture of norfloxacin and bismuth citrate. This increase in activity is being considered due to increased bioavailability of the metal drug complex. Thus, the use of the BNC may be preferable over norfloxacin alone.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 001, India.
authors.forename: Anwar R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Shaikh
authors.forename: Rajani
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giridhar
authors.forename: Mange Ram
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Yadav
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001407:Bacillus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009643:Norfloxacin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012995:Solubility; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D013696:Temperature; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D017186:Titrimetry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C519453:bismuth-norfloxacin; D009643:Norfloxacin