title: HIV-1 seroprevalence in the general population of Salvador, Bahia State, Northeast Brazil.
abstract: To estimate HIV-1 seroprevalence in the general population of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 3,437 residents from 1998 to 2000. Subjects were drawn from 30 sentinel areas representing a wide range of living conditions. Plasma samples were screened for HIV-1 antibodies by ELISA and confirmed by immunofluorescent assay. Subtype determination by HMA was performed after proviral DNA amplification. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony was performed with the neighbor-joining method. Overall HIV-1 seroprevalence was 0.55% (19/3,446): 0.8% for men and 0.36% for women. Seroprevalence was higher in the 31-45-year age group (1%) and among persons with family income less than twice the minimum wage (0.78%) as compared to 0.33% for the higher income group. Syphilis was detected in 37% of HIV seropositive individuals. Phylogenetic inferences identified 10 samples as subtype B in the env region and 2 samples with Benv/Fgag/Fpol and Fenv/Bgag. Age > or = 30 years, male gender, and income < or = 2 times the minimum wage were identified as risk factors for HIV-1 infection. Extrapolating the proportion of seropositive individuals to Salvador, the number of HIV-1 infected individuals was estimated at 13,750.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brasil. maines@ufba.br
authors.forename: Inês
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dourado
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Milroy
authors.forename: Marco Antônio Gomes
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mello
authors.forename: Geraldo Argolo
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Ferraro
authors.forename: Humberto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Castro-Lima Filho
authors.forename: Monick Lindenmeyer
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.forename: Mariza Gonçalves
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Morgado
authors.forename: Maria Gloria
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: Maurício L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Barreto
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Galvão-Castro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D005814:Genes, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D015528:HIV Seroprevalence; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D015483:HIV Antibodies; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies