title: Learning to smell the roses: experience-dependent neural plasticity in human piriform and orbitofrontal cortices.
abstract: It is widely presumed that odor quality is a direct outcome of odorant structure, but human studies indicate that molecular knowledge of an odorant is not always sufficient to predict odor quality. Indeed, the same olfactory input may generate different odor percepts depending on prior learning and experience. Combining functional magnetic resonance imaging with an olfactory paradigm of perceptual learning, we examined how sensory experience modifies odor perception and odor quality coding in the human brain. Prolonged exposure to a target odorant enhanced perceptual differentiation for odorants related in odor quality or functional group, an effect that was paralleled by learning-induced response increases in piriform cortex and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Critically, the magnitude of OFC activation predicted subsequent improvement in behavioral differentiation. Our findings suggest that neural representations of odor quality can be rapidly updated through mere perceptual experience, a mechanism that may underlie the development of odor perception.
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA. wenli@northwestern.edu
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Luxenberg
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Parrish
authors.forename: Jay A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gottfried
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006185:Habituation, Psychophysiologic; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D009812:Odorants; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D012903:Smell / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen