title: Label-free detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms utilizing the differential transfer function of field-effect transistors.
abstract: We present a label-free method for the detection of DNA hybridization, which is monitored by non-metallized silicon field-effect transistors (FET) in a microarray approach. The described method enables a fast and fully electronic readout of ex situ binding assays. The label-free detection utilizing the field-effect is based on the intrinsic charge of the DNA molecules and/or on changes of the solid-liquid interface impedance, when biomolecules bind to the sensor surface. With our sensor system, usually a time-resolved, dc readout is used. In general, this FET signal suffers from sensor drift, temperature drift, changes in electrolyte composition or pH value, influence of the reference electrode, etc. In this article, we present a differential ac readout concept for FET microarrays, which enables a stable operation of the sensor against many of these side-parameters, reliable readout and a possibility for a quick screening of large sensor arrays. We present the detection of point mutations in short DNA samples with this method in an ex situ binding assay.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bio- and Nanosystems, Institute 2: Bioelectronics, Center of Nanoelectronic Systems for Information Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany. s.ingebrandt@fz-juelich.de
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ingebrandt
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poghossian
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Schöning
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Offenhäusser
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011199:Potentiometry; D014173:Transistors, Electronic
chemical_list: D004247:DNA