title: Gene transfer of a soluble IL-1 type 2 receptor-Ig fusion protein improves cardiac allograft survival in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interleukin-1 (IL-1) mediates ischemia-reperfusion injury and graft inflammation after heart transplantation. IL-1 affects target cells through two distinct types of transmembrane receptors, type-1 receptor (IL-1R1), which transduces the signal, and the non-signaling type-2 receptor (IL-1R2), which acts as a ligand sink that subtracts IL-1beta from IL-1R1. We analyzed the efficacy of adenovirus (Ad)-mediated gene transfer of a soluble IL-1R2-Ig fusion protein in delaying cardiac allograft rejection and the mechanisms underlying the protective effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  IL-1 inhibition by IL-1R2-Ig was tested using an in vitro functional assay whereby endothelial cells preincubated with AdIL-1R2-Ig or control virus were stimulated with recombinant IL-1beta or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) induction was measured by zymography. AdIL-1R2-Ig was delivered to F344 rat donor hearts ex vivo, which were placed in the abdominal position in LEW hosts. Intragraft inflammatory cell infiltrates and proinflammatory cytokine expression were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-1R2-Ig specifically inhibited IL-1beta-induced u-PA responses in vitro. IL-1R2-Ig gene transfer reduced intragraft monocytes/macrophages and CD4(+) cell infiltrates (p<0.05), TNF-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) expression (p<0.05), and prolonged graft survival (15.6+/-5.7 vs 10.3+/-2.5 days with control vector and 10.1+/-2.1 days with buffer alone; p<0.01). AdIL-1R2-Ig combined with a subtherapeutic regimen of cyclosporin A (CsA) was superior to CsA alone (19.4+/-3.0 vs 15.9+/-1.8 days; p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Soluble IL-1 type-2 receptor gene transfer attenuates cardiac allograft rejection in a rat model. IL-1 inhibition may be useful as an adjuvant therapy in heart transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University of Lausanne Medical School, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Simeoni
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dudler
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fleury
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pagnotta
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pascual
authors.forename: Ludwig K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: von Segesser
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vassalli
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000276:immunology; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D053574:Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type II / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C000610750:IL1R2 protein, rat; D053574:Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type II; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins