title: CO2-enhanced sonographically guided radiofrequency ablation and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for small hepatocellular carcinoma poorly defined on conventional sonography.
abstract: We report a case of hepatocellular carcinoma located just below the right hemidiaphragm that was diagnosed as having hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis 12 years ago. Although the lesion was not clear on conventional sonography, it was clearly defined on CO(2)-enhanced sonography, allowing safe and accurate radiofrequency ablation. By combining radiofrequency ablation with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, extensive cauterization and complete tumor necrosis were obtained with only 1 session of treatment. The patient had no serious adverse effects and has shown no recurrence during 35 months of follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohmoto
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tomiyama
authors.forename: Norikuni
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Tomoya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawase
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuboki
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide