title: Association between opium abuse and comorbidity in diabetic men.
abstract: The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of opium abuse in diabetic men and to investigate its association with comorbidity. The study population was comprised of 312 consecutive diabetic men aged 20 years or older residing in the study area in 2005. The prevalence of self-reported opium abuse was 11.2%. Opium use was associated with low socioeconomic status, smoking, tea consumption, and a higher prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) and severe depression. The prevalence of severe depression was 22.8% among 35 men who used opium and 13.4% among 277 who did not use it. The prevalence of moderate or severe ED was 85.7% among opium users and 66.1% among non-users. The risk of ED was two times (95% CI 1.0-7.4) higher in opium users compared with nonusers.
authors.affiliation: Tampere School of Public Health, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. r_shiri@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Rahman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shiri
authors.forename: Kobra Falah
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Hassani
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ansari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009892:Opium; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013662:Tea; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D013662:Tea; D009892:Opium