title: Isolation and identification of adenovirus from conjunctival scrapings over a two-year period (between 2001 and 2003) in Yokohama, Japan.
abstract: Over a 2-year period between 2001 and 2003, a total of 115 conjunctival scrapings were collected from patients with keratoconjuctivitis from several hospitals in Yokohama, Japan. Out of 115, 94 (82.4%) cases of adenoviruses were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR); 60 (52.1%) by cell culture isolation; and 16 (14.0%) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The serotypes were determined by PCR- restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP) and by the neutralization test (NT). PCR-RFLP was performed using a combination of endonucleases such as HhaI, AluI, and HaeIII. Of the 94 PCR-positive samples, the serotypes of 91 (96.8%) were identified by PCR-RFLP analysis (adenovirus 3: 50%, 4: 11%, and 8: 32%). Out of the 115 samples, 60 samples were identified by the neutralization (adenovirus 3, 4, 7, and 8). When both PCR-RFLP and the neutralization techniques were used, 53.2%, 11.7%, 1.1%, and 34% of the samples were identified as adenovirus 3, 4, 7, and 8, respectively. In contrast to the results of a nationwide surveillance report, adenovirus 3 was found as a major cause of keratoconjunctivitis in the Yokohama area. The nationwide surveillance report did not reflect accurately the epidemiological situation in the local area. In order to obtain surveillance data that would be useful for the prevention of an adenovirus conjunctivitis epidemic, it seems that local epidemiology is more important than that nationwide surveillance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biodefense Research, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Fukuura, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyohiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Sukumar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saitoh
authors.forename: Nobuhisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mizuki
authors.forename: Norihiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Eiichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Ke-Qin
authors.initials: KQ
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nishio
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okuda
mesh_terms: D000258:Adenovirus Infections, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000821:virology*; D003236:Conjunctivitis, Viral / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D007637:Keratoconjunctivitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012703:Serotyping; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods*; D014776:Virus Cultivation
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral