title: Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy versus ureteroscopy for distal ureteric calculi: efficacy and patient satisfaction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We compared the efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and ureteroscopy (URS) for the treatment of distal ureteral calculi with respect to patient satisfaction.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a prospective study where a total of 212 patients with solitary, radiopaque distal ureteral calculi were treated with ESWL (n = 92) using Dornier lithotriptor S (MedTech Europe GmbH) or URS (n = 120). Patient and stone characteristics, treatment parameters, clinical outcomes, and patient satisfaction were assessed for each group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 2 groups were comparable in regard to patient age, sex, stone size, and side of treatment. The stone-free status for ESWL and URS at 3 months was 81.5% and 97.5%, respectively (p < 0.0001). In addition, 88% of patients who underwent ESWL versus 20% who underwent URS were discharged home the day of procedure. Minor complications occurred in 3.3% and 8.3% of the ESWL and URS groups, respectively (p = 0.127). No ureteral perforation or stricture occurred in the URS group. Postoperative flank pain and dysuria were more severe in the URS than ESWL group, although the differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.16). Patient satisfaction was high for both groups, including 94% for URS and 80% for ESWL (p = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  URS is more effective than ESWL for the treatment of distal ureteral calculi. ESWL was more often performed on an outpatient basis, and showed a trend towards less flank pain and dysuria, fewer complications and quicker convalescence. Patient satisfaction was significantly higher for URS according to the questionnaire used in this study.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology, King Abdullah University Hospital, Irbid, Jordan. ibrahimg@just.edu.jo
authors.forename: Ibrahim F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Ghalayini
authors.forename: Mohammed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Al-Ghazo
authors.forename: Yousef S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Khader
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000628:therapy*; D018666:Ureteroscopy / Q000592:standards*