title: Effects of teamwork training on adverse outcomes and process of care in labor and delivery: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of teamwork training on the occurrence of adverse outcomes and process of care in labor and delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted at seven intervention and eight control hospitals. The intervention was a standardized teamwork training curriculum based on crew resource management that emphasized communication and team structure. The primary outcome was the proportion of deliveries at 20 weeks or more of gestation in which one or more adverse maternal or neonatal outcomes or both occurred (Adverse Outcome Index). Additional outcomes included 11 clinical process measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1,307 personnel were trained and 28,536 deliveries analyzed. At baseline, there were no differences in demographic or delivery characteristics between the groups. The mean Adverse Outcome Index prevalence was similar in the control and intervention groups, both at baseline and after implementation of teamwork training (9.4% versus 9.0% and 7.2% versus 8.3%, respectively). The intracluster correlation coefficient was 0.015, with a resultant wide confidence interval for the difference in mean Adverse Outcome Index between groups (-5.6% to 3.2%). One process measure, the time from the decision to perform an immediate cesarean delivery to the incision, differed significantly after team training (33.3 minutes versus 21.2 minutes, P=.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Training, as was conducted and implemented, did not transfer to a detectable impact in this study. The Adverse Outcome Index could be an important tool for comparing obstetric outcomes within and between institutions to help guide quality improvement.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  (www.ClinicalTrials.gov), NCT00381056
  
  
  METHODS
  I.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Peter E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Marlene B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: Ronald G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Marcus
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Pratt
authors.forename: Penny
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McNamee
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salisbury
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Birnbach
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Gluck
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Pearlman
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: David N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Tornberg
authors.forename: Benjamin P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Sachs
mesh_terms: D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training; D009775:Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital / Q000592:standards*; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D010348:Patient Care Team; D011247:Pregnancy