title: Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase in CSF versus brain assessed by 11C-PMP PET in AD patients treated with galantamine.
abstract: The relationship between acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the CSF and brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) was investigated in 18 mild AD patients following galantamine treatment. The first 3 months of the study had a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled design, during which 12 patients received galantamine (16-24 mg/day) and six patients placebo. This was followed by 9 months galantamine treatment in all patients. Activities and protein levels of both the "read-through" AChE (AChE-R) and the synaptic (AChE-S) variants in CSF were assessed in parallel together with the regional brain AChE activity by (11)C-PMP and PET. The AChE-S inhibition was 30-36% in CSF, which correlated well with the in vivo AChE inhibition in the brain. No significant AChE inhibition was observed in the placebo group. The increased level of the AChE-R protein was 16% higher than that of AChE-S. Both the AChE inhibition and the increased level of AChE-R protein positively correlated with the patient's performance in cognitive tests associated with visuospatial ability and attention. In conclusion, AChE levels in CSF closely mirror in vivo brain AChE levels prior to and after treatment with the cholinesterase inhibitors. A positive cognitive response seems to dependent on the AChE inhibition level, which is balanced by an increased protein level of the AChE-R variant in the patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Division of Molecular Neuropharmacology, NOVUM, 5th Floor, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Darreh-Shori
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kadir
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Almkvist
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grut
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wall
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Blomquist
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Långström
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nordberg
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005702:Galantamine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D048448:Phenylcarbamates / Q000378:metabolism; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D048448:Phenylcarbamates; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D005702:Galantamine; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase