title: Reduction in infectivity of endogenous transmissible spongiform encephalopathies present in blood by adsorption to selective affinity resins.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) can be contracted through blood transfusion. Selective adsorption of the causative agent from donated blood might be one of the best ways of managing this risk. In our study, affinity resin L13, which reduces brain-derived infectivity spiked into human red blood cell concentrate by around 4 log(10)ID(50), and its equivalent, L13A, produced on a manufacturing scale, were assessed for their ability to remove TSE infectivity endogenously present in blood.
  
  
  METHODS
  500 mL of scrapie-infected hamster whole blood was leucoreduced at full scale before passage through the affinity resins. Infectivity of whole blood, leucoreduced whole blood (challenge), and the recovered blood from each flow-through was measured by limiting dilution titration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Leucoreduction removed 72% of input infectivity. 15 of 99 animals were infected by the challenge, whereas none of the 96 or 100 animals inoculated with the final flow-throughs from either resin developed the disease after 540 days. The limit of detection of the bioassay was 0.2 infectious doses per mL. The overall reduction of the challenge infectivity was more than 1.22 log10ID. The results showed removal of endogenous TSE infectivity from leucoreduced whole blood by affinity ligands. The same resins adsorb normal and abnormal prion protein from human infections with variant, sporadic, and familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, in the presence of blood components.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TSE affinity ligands, when incorporated into appropriate devices, can be used to mitigate the risks from TSE-infected blood, blood products, and other materials exposed to TSE infectivity.
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, VA Medical Center, University of Maryland at Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gregori
authors.forename: Patrick V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Gurgel
authors.forename: Julia T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lathrop
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Edwardson
authors.forename: Brian C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: Ruben G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Carbonell
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Rohwer
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D006224:Cricetinae; D005374:Filtration / Q000379:methods*; D017096:Prion Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D011328:Prions / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D065227:Transfusion Reaction
chemical_list: D011328:Prions