title: Optimal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering--morning versus evening statin administration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the best time to administer statins for optimal lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by reviewing the clinical evidence evaluating the chronobiologic effects of morning versus evening statin administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the MeSH terms HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, statins, morning and evening dosing, and clinical trials, a literature review was conducted to identify articles in MEDLINE (1966-December 2006), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970-December 2006), and IOWA Drug Information Systems (1985-December 2006).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven English-language studies evaluating morning and evening statin administration were identified and evaluated. Based on the available data, simvastatin demonstrated a pronounced LDL-C percentage reduction with evening dosing. Although not statistically significant, a trend in the LDL-C percentage reduction favoring evening statin administration was noted with lovastatin, pravastatin, and rosuvastatin. Atorvastatin demonstrated similar LDL-C reduction regardless of administration time. With the exception of simvastatin, the trials comparing morning versus evening effects of statins on LDL-C have several significant methodologic shortcomings, including small sample size, lack of statistical power, and inappropriate exclusion criteria that did not include or did not mention drug-induced effects on lipids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are sufficient data to support evening administration of simvastatin to achieve optimal lowering of LDL-C levels. Rigorous and robust trials are necessary to determine the best administration time to achieve optimal LDL-C lowering for lovastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, atorvastatin, and fluvastatin.
authors.affiliation: Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA. roda.plakogiannis@liu.edu
authors.forename: Roda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Plakogiannis
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D019454:Chronotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors