title: Galphaq-TRPC6-mediated Ca2+ entry induces RhoA activation and resultant endothelial cell shape change in response to thrombin.
abstract: RhoA activation and increased intracellular Ca(2+) concentration mediated by the activation of transient receptor potential channels (TRPC) both contribute to the thrombin-induced increase in endothelial cell contraction, cell shape change, and consequently to the mechanism of increased endothelial permeability. Herein, we addressed the possibility that TRPC signals RhoA activation and thereby contributes in actinomyosin-mediated endothelial cell contraction and increased endothelial permeability. Transduction of a constitutively active Galphaq mutant in human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells induced RhoA activity. Preventing the increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration by the inhibitor of Galphaq or phospholipase C and the Ca2+ chelator, BAPTA-AM, abrogated thrombin-induced RhoA activation. Depletion of extracellular Ca2+ also inhibited RhoA activation, indicating the requirement of Ca2+ entry in the response. RhoA activation could not be ascribed to storeoperated Ca2+ (SOC) entry because SOC entry induced with thapsigargin or small interfering RNA-mediated inhibition of TRPC1 expression, the predominant SOC channel in these endothelial cells, failed to alter RhoA activity. However, activation of receptor-operated Ca2+ entry by oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol, the membrane permeable analogue of the Galphaq-phospholipase C product diacylglycerol, induced RhoA activity. Receptor-operated Ca2+ activation was mediated by TRPC6 because small interfering RNA-induced TRPC6 knockdown significantly reduced Ca2+ entry. TRPC6 knockdown also prevented RhoA activation, myosin light chain phosphorylation, and actin stress fiber formation as well as inter-endothelial junctional gap formation in response to either oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol or thrombin. TRPC6-mediated RhoA activity was shown to be dependent on PKCalpha activation. Our results demonstrate that Galphaq activation of TRPC6 signals the activation of PKCalpha, and thereby induces RhoA activity and endothelial cell contraction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Itender
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Nebojsa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Knezevic
authors.forename: Gias U
authors.initials: GU
authors.lastname: Ahmmed
authors.forename: Vidisha
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kini
authors.forename: Asrar B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.forename: Dolly
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mehta
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology; D043802:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000166:cytology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D050052:TRPC Cation Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D000074287:TRPC6 Cation Channel; D013917:Thrombin / Q000378:metabolism*; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000378:metabolism; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002614:Chelating Agents; D050052:TRPC Cation Channels; D000074287:TRPC6 Cation Channel; C117032:TRPC6 protein, human; C066737:RHOA protein, human; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D013917:Thrombin; D043802:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein; D002118:Calcium