title: A clinical assessment of the Glidescope videolaryngoscope in nasotracheal intubation with general anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Glidescope videolaryngoscope as a device to aid nasotracheal intubation, and to determine whether the GSVL provides a better laryngeal view in patients with difficult laryngoscopy compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two university hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  156 healthy adult ASA physical status I and II undergoing elective plastic and intraoral surgery with general anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  After anesthesia induction with intravenous injection of fentanyl 2 microg/kg, propofol 2 mg/kg, and vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg, nasotracheal intubation was performed using GSVL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preoperative airway measurements were taken to predict potential difficult airways. During nasotracheal intubation using GSVL, laryngeal views, times required for full visualization of glottis and successful intubation, difficulty encountered and auxiliary maneuvers adopted, and upper airway trauma were recorded. The laryngeal views obtained by GSVL and by Macintosh laryngoscope were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The laryngeal views obtained by GSVL in all patients were Cormack and Lehane (C&L) grades I and II, and the success rate of intubation using GSVL at one attempt was 98.1%. The times required for visualization of the glottis and successful intubation were 40.2 +/- 11.5 s and 52.7 +/- 12.3 seconds, respectively. Patients with C&L grade II needed more auxiliary maneuvers to achieve successful intubation than did those with C&L grade I (P < 0.001). In 36 patients with potential difficult airways, the frequency of difficult laryngoscopy (C&L grades III and IV) with the Macintosh laryngoscope (58.3%) was significantly higher than with the GSVL (0%, P < 0.05). The frequency of minor upper airway trauma was 4.5%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The GSVL is an effective device for nasotracheal intubation and may be incorporated easily into routine clinical practice. Compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope, the GSVL can provide an improved laryngeal view in the patient with difficult airway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100041, People's Republic of China. fruitxue@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Fushan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Guohua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xuanying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Haitao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chengwen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Kunpeng
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yachao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods*; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D020704:Laryngoscopes / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012016:Reference Values; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014741:Video Recording / Q000295:instrumentation*