Vascular involvement in diabetic subjects with ischemic foot ulcer: a new morphologic categorization of disease severity.
OBJECTIVE
Arteriographic lesions of diabetic subjects with critical limb ischemia (CLI) and ischemic foot ulcer were reviewed retrospectively, to provide new criteria for stratification of these patients on the basis of their vascular involvement.


METHODS
In 417 consecutive CLI diabetic subjects with ischemic foot ulcer undergoing lower limb angiography, lesions were defined as stenosis or occlusion, localization, and length (<5 cm, 5-10 cm, >10 cm). In a subgroup of 389 subjects, foot arteries also were evaluated. Patients then were categorized into 7 classes of progressive vascular involvement based on angiographic findings.


RESULTS
Of the 2893 found lesions (55% occlusions) 1% were in the iliac arteries, whereas 74% were in below-the-knee (BTK) arteries. Sixty-six % of all BTK lesions were occlusions, and 50% were occlusions >10 cm (p<0.001 vs proximal segments). Occlusions of all BTK were present in 28% of patients, although there was patency of at least one foot artery in 55% of patients. The morphologic Class 4 (two arteries occluded and multiple stenoses of tibial/peroneal and/or femoral/popliteal vessels) was the most common (36%). An inverse correlation between morphologic class and TcPO2 was observed (r=-0.187, p=0.003).


CONCLUSIONS
In CLI diabetic subjects with ischemic foot ulcer, the vascular involvement is extremely diffuse and particularly severe in tibial arteries, with high prevalence of long occlusions. A new morphologic categorization of these patients is proposed.
Graziani
L
L
Servizio di Emodinamica, Istituto Clinico Città di Brescia, Brescia, Italy. langrazi@tin.it
Silvestro
A
A
Bertone
V
V
Manara
E
E
Andreini
R
R
Sigala
A
A
Mingardi
R
R
De Giglio
R
R
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007083:Iliac Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007511:Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011150:Popliteal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014654:Vascular Patency