Euthanasia and assisted suicide: comparison of legal aspects in Switzerland and other countries.
The purpose of this paper is to present the legal aspects associated with assisted suicide in Switzerland and compare them with those in other countries. Like euthanasia, assisted suicide is a subject that induces much discussion in many countries. While the law is very liberal in some countries, such as Belgium and the Netherlands (where both euthanasia and assisted suicide take place), these practices are very controversial in other countries, such as France, where they remain taboo subjects. In the United States of America, the laws concerning assisted suicide can differ greatly from one state to another. For example, in Oregon, assisted suicide is allowed if applied by a medical doctor; in others, this act is illegal. In Canada, it is punishable according to the Criminal Code. In Switzerland euthanasia is punishable by law. However, the penal code does not condemn assisted suicide, whether carried out by a medical doctor or another person, provided it is not carried out through selfish motives. The application of these practices has become simplified in recent years and societies for the right to die with dignity based on this principle have come into being (Exit and Dignitas). In the French- and German-speaking parts of Switzerland the association Exit assists individuals living in Switzerland with serious progressive and incurable disease in their engagement to end their life. The association Dignitas, in the German-speaking part of Switzerland, also undertakes--in the same circumstances--to assist individuals coming from foreign countries. Dignitas welcomes several such individuals every year, especially from Germany, where a similar approach does not currently exist.
Burkhardt
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S
Institut Universitaire de Médecine Légale, 9 avenue de Champel, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland. sandra.burkhardt@hcuge.ch
La Harpe
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R
Harding
T W
TW
Sobel
J
J
D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005060:Europe; D005065:Euthanasia / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D005066:Euthanasia, Passive / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D006801:Humans; D016743:Mental Competency / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D009656:North America; D010146:Pain; D017236:Suicide, Assisted / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013557:Switzerland