title: Enhancement of acid amylase production by an isolated Aspergillus awamori.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of the influence of fermentation components on extracellular acid amylase production by an isolated fungal strain Aspergillus awamori.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight fungal metabolic influential factors, viz. soluble starch, corn steep liquor (CSL), casein, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH(2)PO(4)) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO(4) x 7H(2)O), pH, temperature and inoculum level were selected to optimize amylase production by A. awamori using fractional factorial design of Taguchi methodology. Significant improvement in acid amylase enzyme production (48%) was achieved. The optimized medium composition consisted of soluble starch--3%; CSL--0.5%; KH(2)PO(4)--0.125%; MgSO(4) x 7H(2)O--0.125%; casein--1.5% at pH 4.0 and temperature at 31 degrees C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Optimization of the components of the fermentation medium was carried out using fractional factorial design of Taguchi's L-18 orthogonal array. Based on the influence of interaction components of fermentation, these could be classified as the least significant and the most significant at individual and interaction levels. Least significant factors of individual level have higher interaction severity index and vice versa at enzyme production in this fungal strain. The pH of the medium and substrate (soluble starch) showed maximum production impact (60%) at optimized environment. Temperature and CSL were the least influential factors for acid amylase production.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acid amylase production by isolated A. awamori is influenced by the interaction of fermentation factors with fungal metabolism at individual and interaction levels. The pH of the fermentation medium and substrate concentration regulates maximum enzyme production process in this fungal strain.
authors.affiliation: Biochemical and environmental Engineering Centre, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India. prakasam@iict.res.in
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Prakasham
authors.forename: Ch
authors.initials: Ch
authors.lastname: Subba Rao
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sreenivas Rao
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Sarma
mesh_terms: D000681:Amylases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D001230:Aspergillus / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D002021:Buffers; D002364:Caseins / Q000378:metabolism; D003470:Culture Media; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005285:Fermentation / Q000502:physiology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate / Q000378:metabolism; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013213:Starch / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature; D003313:Zea mays / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D002364:Caseins; D003470:Culture Media; D010710:Phosphates; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate; D013213:Starch; C013216:potassium phosphate; D000681:Amylases