title: Prostate cancer in fathers with fewer male offspring: the Jerusalem Perinatal Study cohort.
abstract: Recent studies have suggested the involvement of loci on the Y chromosome in prostate cancer. We studied the relative risk (RR) of prostate cancer in relation to sex ratio of offspring in a cohort of 38,934 Israeli men who were followed from the birth of their offspring (in 1964 through 1976) until 2005. Cox models were used to adjust for changes in incidence over time, age, the man's year of birth, and social and ethnic variables. A total of 712 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer. Compared with men who had at least one son, men with only daughters had an increased risk of prostate cancer (adjusted RR = 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20 to 1.64, P<.0001). In men with one, two, or three or more offspring, the relative risks associated with absence of sons were 1.25 (95% CI = 1.00 to 1.56), 1.41 (95% CI = 1.04 to 1.91), and 1.60 (95% CI = 1.05 to 2.43), respectively. Men with no daughters showed no statistically significantly altered risk, compared with men who had offspring of both sexes. The relative risk of prostate cancer decreased as the number of sons increased (P(trend)<.0001) but did not change with the number of daughters. These findings suggest that a Y chromosome locus may be involved in prostate cancer risk in this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA. sh2209@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harlap
authors.forename: Ora
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Paltiel
authors.forename: Yehiel
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Friedlander
authors.forename: Ronit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Calderon-Margalit
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Deutsch
authors.forename: Karinne R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Kleinhaus
authors.forename: Orly
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Manor
authors.forename: Alfred I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Neugut
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Opler
authors.forename: Mary C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Perrin
authors.forename: Mary B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Terry
authors.forename: Efrat
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tiram
authors.forename: Rivka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yanetz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009679:Nuclear Family; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors