title: Computer-enhanced robotic surgery in gynecologic oncology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to report the computer-enhanced robotic surgery experience of the authors' gynecologic oncology division.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2001 to August 2006, 41 patients underwent laparoscopic surgery by our gynecologic oncology service using a computer-enhanced surgical robot. This report describes a retrospective review of these patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients ranged in age from 27 to 77 years (mean, 44.2 years), in weight from 44 to 131 kg (mean, 72.1 kg), in operative time from 1 h and 50 min to 9 h (mean, 5 h and 2 min), and in estimated blood loss from 50 to 1,500 ml (mean, 253 ml). Of the 20 patients with gynecologic malignancies, 14 had cervical cancer. A total of 21 patients had benign indications for surgery. Complications included shoulder palsy, robot failure, colotomy, bradycardia, and intraabdominal bleeding requiring minilaparotomy and ligation of a bleeding pedicle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case series is one of the first to report the use of a computer-enhanced surgical robot in gynecologic oncology. This approach proved to be feasible and well tolerated in this series of patients and deserves further study for clarification of its indications, benefits, and safety.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, 3601 W. Thirteen Mile Road #302, Royal Oak, MI 48073-6769, USA. jayson.field@beaumont.edu
authors.forename: Jayson B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Field
authors.forename: Michelle F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Benoit
authors.forename: Tri A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Dinh
authors.forename: Concepcion
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Diaz-Arrastia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005833:Genital Neoplasms, Female / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012371:Robotics / Q000379:methods*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome