title: Glucagon-like peptide-1 infusion improves left ventricular ejection fraction and functional status in patients with chronic heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insulin resistance is present in the setting of congestive heart failure. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a naturally occurring incretin with both insulinotropic and insulinomimetic properties.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We investigated the safety and efficacy of a 5-week infusion of GLP-1 (2.5 pmol/kg/min) added to standard therapy in 12 patients with New York Heart Association class III/IV heart failure and compared the results with those of 9 patients with heart failure on standard therapy alone. Echocardiograms, maximum myocardial ventilation oxygen consumption (VO2 max), 6-minute walk test, and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure quality of life score (MNQOL) were assessed. Baseline demographics, background therapy, and the degree of left ventricular dysfunction were similar between groups. GLP-1 significantly improved left ventricular ejection fraction (21 +/- 3% to 27 +/- 3% P < .01), VO2 max (10.8 +/- .9 ml/O2/min/kg to 13.9 +/- .6 ml/O2/min/kg; P < .001), 6-minute walk distance (232 +/- 15 m to 286 +/- 12 m; P < .001) and MNQOL score (64 +/- 4 to 44 +/- 5; P < .01). Benefits were seen in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients. There were no significant changes in any of the parameters in the control patients on standard therapy. GLP-1 was well tolerated with minimal episodes of hypoglycemia and gastrointestinal side effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic infusion of GLP-1 significantly improves left ventricular function, functional status, and quality of life in patients with severe heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212, USA.
authors.forename: George G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Sokos
authors.forename: Lazaros A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Nikolaidis
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mankad
authors.forename: Dariush
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Elahi
authors.forename: Richard P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Shannon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011788:Quality of Life; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1