title: Laparoscopic resection in rectal cancer patients: outcome and cost-benefit analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to evaluate the impact of laparoscopic rectal resection on short-term postoperative morbidity and costs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 168 patients with rectal cancer were randomly assigned to laparoscopic (n = 83) or open (n = 85) resection. Outcome parameters were: postoperative morbidity, length of hospital stay, quality of life, long-term survival, and local recurrences. The mean follow-up period was 53.6 months. Cost-benefit analysis was based on hospital costs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Operative time was 53 minutes longer in the laparoscopic group (P < 0.0001). Postoperative morbidity rate was 28.9 percent in the laparoscopic vs. 40 percent in the open group (P = 0.18). The mean length of hospital stay was 10 (4.9) days in the laparoscopic group and 13.6 (10) days in the open group (P = 0.004). Local recurrence rate and five-year survival were similar in both groups; however, the limited number of patients does not allow firm conclusions. Quality of life was better in the laparoscopic group only in the first year after surgery (P < 0.0001). The additional charge in the laparoscopic group was $1,748 per patient randomized ($1,194 the result of surgical instruments and $554 the result of longer operative time). The saving in the laparoscopic group was $1,396 per patient randomized ($647 the result of shorter length of hospital stay and $749 the result of the lower cost of postoperative complications). The net balance resulted in $351 extra cost per patient randomly allocated to the laparoscopic group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short-term postoperative morbidity was similar in the two groups. Laparoscopic resection reduced length of hospital stay, improved first-year quality of life, and slightly increased hospital costs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina, 60, Milan, 20132 Italy. braga.marco@hsr.it
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Braga
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frasson
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vignali
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zuliani
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Capretti
authors.forename: Valerio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Di Carlo
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000368:Aged; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017721:Hospital Costs; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000191:economics*; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome