title: Predictive role of thymidylate synthase, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase and thymidine phosphorylase expression in colorectal cancer patients receiving adjuvant 5-fluorouracil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The combined assessment of thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and thymidine phosphorylase (TP) gene expressions in metastatic colorectal cancer has been reported to be able to predict the efficacy of fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy. In order to evaluate the prognostic role in the adjuvant setting, we investigated the TS, DPD and TP expression in primary tumors of colorectal cancer patients treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).
  
  
  METHODS
  TS, DPD and TP expression levels were determined by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded primary tumor tissues from 62 patients with Dukes' stage B and C colorectal cancers who underwent surgery and received adjuvant systemic chemotherapy with 5-FU. The median follow-up was 90 months (range 17-127).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dukes' stage C cancer and high TS expression were independent markers of poor prognosis for disease-free survival (DFS; p = 0.0009 and p = 0.007, respectively) and overall survival (OS; p = 0.0005 and p = 0.011, respectively). By multivariate analysis, patients with high DPD expression had significantly shorter DFS (p = 0.007) and OS (p = 0.005) compared to patients with low DPD expression. In the combined analysis of 2 markers, patients with low TS and low DPD had the best outcome in terms of DFS (p = 0.007) and OS (p = 0.03). The analysis of all 3 proteins showed that the patients with low expression of all 3 markers had significantly longer DFS (p = 0.04) and OS (p = 0.01) than patients with a high value of any one of the protein expressions. However, the joint analysis of 3 markers (group with TS-/DPD-/TP-) could not identify a subgroup of patients with a better prognosis compared to the analysis of 2 markers (group with TS-/DPD-). The analysis of Dukes' stage C cancer patients confirmed a significant benefit in terms of DFS and OS (p = 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively) when all 3 markers had low expression. We also found a positive significant correlation between TS and TP protein expression (p = 0.033).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This retrospective investigation suggests that the combined assessment of TS and DPD may be useful to evaluate the prognosis of patients with Dukes' B and C colon carcinoma receiving 5-FU adjuvant chemotherapy. The role of TP as a predictor for 5-FU-based therapy needs further investigations.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Medicina Interna, Cattedra di Oncologia Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ciaparrone
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Quirino
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schinzari
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zannoni
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Corsi
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Vecchio
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cassano
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: La Torre
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barone
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D042943:Dihydrouracil Dehydrogenase (NADP) / Q000378:metabolism*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013939:Thymidine Phosphorylase / Q000378:metabolism*; D013940:Thymidylate Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D042943:Dihydrouracil Dehydrogenase (NADP); D013940:Thymidylate Synthase; D013939:Thymidine Phosphorylase; D005472:Fluorouracil