title: Transfer of Listeria monocytogenes during slicing of turkey breast, bologna, and salami with simulated kitchen knives.
abstract: In response to continued concerns regarding Listeria cross-contamination during the slicing of deli meats, a series of specially prepared grade 304 and 316 stainless steel kitchen knife blades was inoculated with a six-strain Listeria monocytogenes cocktail (10(8), 10(5), and 10(3) CFU per blade) composed of two weak, two medium, and two strong biofilm-forming strains. The blades were then attached to an Instron 5565 electromechanical compression analyzer and used to slice whole chubs of delicatessen turkey breast, bologna, and salami to entirety (30 slices) at a cutting speed of 8.3 mm/s. Homogenates of the slices in University of Vermont Medium were surface or pour plated with modified Oxford agar and then enriched. Listeria transfer from knife blades inoculated at 10(8) CFU per blade was logarithmic, with a 2-log decrease seen after 8 to 12 slices and direct counts obtained thereafter out to 30 slices. However, blades containing 10(5) and 10(3) CFU per blade typically yielded direct counts out to only 20 and 5 slices, respectively. Normalizing data on a log scale for the first 10 slices resulted in significantly greater Listeria transfer and "tailing" from grade 304 as opposed to grade 316 stainless (P < 0.05) for all three products. After 1 year of use, surface roughness values as determined by surface profilometry were significantly greater (P < 0.001) for grade 304 than for grade 316 stainless blades. Cutting force and blade sharpness were not significantly different (P > 0.05) within stainless steel grade (P < 0.05) for each product. However, significant differences in cutting force were seen between salami and turkey (P < 0.05) for grades 304 and 316 stainless, respectively. In addition to compositional differences in the deli meats and knife blades, wear and scoring on the blade likely affected Listeria transfer during slicing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, 334A G.M. Trout, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
authors.forename: Keith L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Vorst
authors.forename: Ewen C D
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Todd
authors.forename: Elliot T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Ryser
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000254:growth & development*; D008461:Meat Products / Q000382:microbiology*; D014422:Turkeys