title: M1-M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-deficient mice: novel phenotypes.
abstract: The five muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M1-M5 mAChRs) mediate a very large number of important physiological functions (Caulfield, 1993; Caulfield and Birdsall, 1998; Wess, 2004). Because of the lack of small molecule ligands endowed with a high degree of receptor subtype selectivity and the fact that most tissues or cell types express two or more mAChR subtypes, identification of the physiological and pathophysiological roles of the individual mAChR subtypes has proved to be a challenging task. To overcome these difficulties, we recently generated mutant mouse lines deficient in each of the five mAChR genes (M1R-/- mice, M2R-/- mice, M3R-/- mice, etc. [Wess, 2004]). Phenotyping studies showed that each of the five mutant mouse lines displayed characteristic physiological, pharmacological, behavioral, biochemical, or neurochemical deficits (Wess, 2004). This chapter summarizes recent findings dealing with the importance of the M2mAChR for cognitive processes and the roles of the M1 and M3 mAChRs in mediating stimulation of glandular secretion.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gautam
authors.forename: Alokesh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Duttaroy
authors.forename: Yinghong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Sung-Jun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Chuxia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seeger
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alzheimer
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wess
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D006728:Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010641:Phenotype; D043643:Receptor, Muscarinic M1 / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D043585:Receptor, Muscarinic M2 / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D043587:Receptor, Muscarinic M3 / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D007328:Insulin; D043643:Receptor, Muscarinic M1; D043585:Receptor, Muscarinic M2; D043587:Receptor, Muscarinic M3; D002217:Carbachol