title: Phosphatase targets in TOR signaling.
abstract: Cells undergo growth or increase in mass in the presence of nutrients. A key signaling molecule that responds to the presence of nutrients is the target of rapamycin (TOR). TOR is a highly conserved protein kinase and is the target of the growth inhibitor rapamycin. In response to nutrients, TOR promotes the phosphorylation of its downstream targets, leading to increased protein synthesis and decreased protein turnover. In yeast, a major mechanism for the downstream regulation of TOR effectors is by inhibition of the type 2A-related phosphatase SIT4. TOR negatively regulates SIT4 by promoting the association of SIT4 with TAP42. When TOR is inactivated by rapamycin treatment or nitrogen starvation, downstream effectors of TOR such as the serine/threonine protein kinase NPR1 and the TAP42 interacting protein TIP41 are dephosphorylated in a SIT4-dependent manner. The phosphorylation state of NPR1 and TIP41 provides a convenient readout in yeast to assay for TOR and SIT4 activities under growth-promoting or growth-inhibitory conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, UMDNJ, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Estela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jacinto
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D007525:Isoelectric Focusing; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C500749:target of rapamycin protein, S cerevisiae; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D020123:Sirolimus