title: The nature and impact of urinary incontinence experienced by patients receiving community nursing services: a cross-sectional cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nurses have played a pivotal role in the delivery of continence services yet little is known about the nature or impact of urinary symptoms experienced by patients in receipt of such care.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To define the nature and impact of urinary symptoms experienced by patients in receipt of community nursing services.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Leicestershire Urinary Symptoms Questionnaire was administered to 1078 patients with incontinence identified from 176 community nurses' caseloads in 157 general practices in England. Information included type and severity of urinary symptoms, impact on quality of life, help with coping, use of continence products and health service resources.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine hundred and ninety nine (92.7%) patients (median age 79.0 years) returned completed questionnaires. Most patients had incontinence between 1 and 5 years duration, women were more likely than men to have had long standing ( > 5 years) symptoms and more than half the sample reported severe leakage. Women were more likely than men to report symptoms of stress incontinence (71.7% and 46.8%, respectively, p < 0.001) and urge incontinence UI (86.3% vs. 74.8%, respectively, p < 0.01). Half of the men and most women also experienced leakage as a result of difficulty getting to, on or off, a toilet/commode. Men were more likely than women to report getting up three or more times a night to pass urine (53.6% vs. 37.0%, respectively, p < 0.05). Most patients reported that their symptoms had a significant impact on many aspects of quality of life, and 45.7% would be very dissatisfied to continue "the way they are now". Professional help appeared principally one of containment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many people with incontinence receiving community nursing services experience two or more urinary symptoms which, in the majority, have a significant impact on quality of life. Many older patients were not satisfied to "put up" with their urinary symptoms. Current service provision appears to be failing those who are most in need of such care.
authors.affiliation: School of Healthcare, Baines Wing, University of Leeds, UK. f.m.cheater@leeds.ac.uk
authors.forename: Francine M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Cheater
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gillies
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wailoo
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Spiers
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reddish
authors.forename: Noelle
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cawood
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000368:Aged; D003152:Community Health Nursing; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D011788:Quality of Life; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000150:complications / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology