title: Styraxoside A isolated from the stem bark of Styrax japonica inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in RAW 264.7 cells by suppressing nuclear factor-kappa B activation.
abstract: In the present study, the effects of terpenes (styraxosides A and B) and lignans (egonol, masutakeside I, and styraxlignolide A) isolated from the stem bark of Styrax japonica Sieb. et Zucc. (styracaceae) were evaluated on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production by the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. Of the tested compounds, styraxoside A was found to most potently inhibit the productions of NO and PGE2, and also significantly reduced the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). Consistent with these observations, the protein expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the mRNA expression levels of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta were found to be inhibited by styraxoside A in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, styraxoside A inhibited the LPS-induced DNA binding activity of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). Taken together, our data indicate that styraxoside A inhibits LPS-induced iNOS, COX-2, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta expressions through the down-regulation of NF-kappaB-DNA binding activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Kyung-Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung-Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Jin
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: Byung-Sun
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Ji-Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyung-Tae
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D006027:Glycosides / Q000494:pharmacology; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D017705:Lignans / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D024301:Plant Bark; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D032362:Styrax / Q000737:chemistry*; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001572:Benzofurans; D004187:Disaccharides; D006027:Glycosides; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D017705:Lignans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013729:Terpenes; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C430809:masutakeside I; C517751:styraxoside A; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone