title: Was there an urban height penalty in Spain, 1840-1913?
abstract: We explore whether there was an urban height penalty in Spain during the period of early industrialization from 1840 to 1913, using data from Spain's Southeastern coast and from Castile-Leon. Our results indicate that in the Mediterranean Coast of Southeastern Spain urban heights were well above rural ones for most of the period considered. In Castile-Leon, however, urban and rural heights were about the same until 1870 but urban heights were intermittently above rural ones thereafter. Hence, in Spain urban heights were not always below rural ones in stark contrast to the pattern obtained in other parts of Europe and North America.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Campus of Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain. jcarrion@um.es
authors.forename: José-Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Martínez-Carrión
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moreno-Lázaro
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000266:history*; D001827:Body Height; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry / Q000266:history*; D007226:Infant Mortality / Q000266:history / Q000639:trends; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D012424:Rural Population / Q000266:history* / Q000639:trends; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013030:Spain; D014505:Urban Population / Q000266:history* / Q000639:trends