title: Meta-analysis of case-referent studies of specific environmental or occupational pollutants on lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Meta-analysis is a statistical tool for combining and integrating the results of independent studies of a given scientific issue. The present investigation was initiated to investigate case-referent studies of lung cancer risk from specific environmental and occupational pollutants, using detailed individual exposure data.
  
  
  METHODS
  To examine the risk of lung cancer associated with environmental and occupational pollutants, a meta-analysis of published case-control studies was undertaken using a random effects model. For this study, the papers were selected for review from electronic search of PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar during 1990-2006. The principal outcome measure was the odds ratio for the risk of lung cancer. Twelve study reports detailing the relationship between the lung cancer and the type of exposure were identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The odds ratio of asbestos, cooking fuel, cooking fumes, motor and diesel exhaust related to lung cancer were 1.67, 1.99, 2.52 and 1.42 (P < 0.001), respectively. The odds ratio of metal fumes related to lung cancer was 1.28 (0.001 P < 0.01). The combined odds ratio for the environmental and occupational exposure related to lung cancer was 1.67 (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The meta-analysis of the present study shows the magnitude association between asbestos, cooking fumes, cooking fuels, motor and diesel exhaust, with lung cancer risk. Lung cancer risk may be reduced by controlling exposure levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. mahjub@umsha.ac.ir
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mahjub
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Sadri
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D016273:Occupational Exposure