title: Position of the mental foramen in a Korean population: a clinical and radiographic study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to improve the treatment methods for the mental foramen by comparing the directly measured values with the radiographic measured values.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twelve mental foramina (72 males, 40 females) that were exposed during the operation were examined. The patients' age ranged from 12 to 69 years, with a mean age of 41.8 years. All patients had fully erupted lower premolars. The horizontal and vertical locations were evaluated with both direct and radiographic measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 72 patients (64.3%), the mental foramen was below the second premolar. In 26.8%, it was between the first and second premolar, and in 8.9%, it was below the first premolar. By radiographic readings,most of the mental foramina were found to be below the second premolar (62.5%). The average distance between the cusp tip and the superior border of the mental foramen by direct measurement was 23.42 mm and 25.69 mm in the panoramic view. The mean distance between the superior border of the mental foramen and the bottom of the mandible was 14.33 mm by direct measurement and 16.52 mm by radiographic measurements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is important to know the position of the mental foramen for the placement of osseointegrated implants in the mandibular premolar region. The position of the mental foramen of Koreans is closer to the cusp tips of lower premolars than Westerners.
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
authors.forename: In-Soo
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Su-Gwan
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young-Kyun
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae-Duk
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D019228:Tooth Crown / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014716:Vertical Dimension