title: Chemokine-guided CD4+ T cell help enhances generation of IL-6RalphahighIL-7Ralpha high prememory CD8+ T cells.
abstract: CD4(+) T cells promote effective CD8(+) T cell-mediated immunity, but the timing and mechanistic details of such help remain controversial. Furthermore, the extent to which innate stimuli act independently of help in enhancing CD8(+) T cell responses is also unresolved. Using a noninfectious vaccine model in immunocompetent mice, we show that even in the presence of innate stimuli, CD4(+) T cell help early after priming is required for generating an optimal pool of functional memory CD8(+) T cells. CD4(+) T cell help increased the size of a previously unreported population of IL-6Ralpha(high)IL-7Ralpha(high) prememory CD8(+) T cells shortly after priming that showed a survival advantage in vivo and contributed to the majority of functional memory CD8(+) T cells after the contraction phase. In accord with our recent demonstration of chemokine-guided recruitment of naive CD8(+) T cells to sites of CD4(+) T cell-dendritic cell interactions, the generation of IL-6Ralpha(high)IL-7Ralpha(high) prememory as well as functional memory CD8(+) T cells depended on the early postvaccination action of the inflammatory chemokines CCL3 and CCL4. Together, these findings support a model of CD8(+) T cell memory cell differentiation involving the delivery of key signals early in the priming process based on chemokine-guided attraction of naive CD8(+) T cells to sites of Ag-driven interactions between TLR-activated dendritic cells and CD4(+) T cells. They also reveal that elevated IL-6Ralpha expression by a subset of CD8(+) T cells represents an early imprint of CD4(+) T cell helper function that actively contributes to the survival of activated CD8(+) T cells.
authors.affiliation: Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Flora
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Castellino
authors.forename: Ronald N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Germain
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology; D007156:Immunologic Memory / Q000276:immunology*; D053698:Interleukin-6 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D053699:Interleukin-7 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010641:Phenotype; D015398:Signal Transduction; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D053698:Interleukin-6 Receptor alpha Subunit; D053699:Interleukin-7 Receptor alpha Subunit