title: Widespread distribution and muscle differentiation of human fetal mesenchymal stem cells after intrauterine transplantation in dystrophic mdx mouse.
abstract: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a common X-linked disease resulting from the absence of dystrophin in muscle. Affected boys suffer from incurable progressive muscle weakness, leading to premature death. Stem cell transplantation may be curative, but is hampered by the need for systemic delivery and immune rejection. To address these barriers to stem cell therapy in DMD, we investigated a fetal-to-fetal transplantation strategy. We investigated intramuscular, intravascular, and intraperitoneal delivery of human fetal mesenchymal stem cells (hfMSCs) into embryonic day (E) 14-16 MF1 mice to determine the most appropriate route for systemic delivery. Intramuscular injections resulted in local engraftment, whereas both intraperitoneal and intravascular delivery led to systemic spread. However, intravascular delivery led to unexpected demise of transplanted mice. Transplantation of hfMSCs into E14-16 mdx mice resulted in widespread long-term engraftment (19 weeks) in multiple organs, with a predilection for muscle compared with nonmuscle tissues (0.71% vs. 0.15%, p < .01), and evidence of myogenic differentiation of hfMSCs in skeletal and myocardial muscle. This is the first report of intrauterine transplantation of ontologically relevant hfMSCs into fully immunocompetent dystrophic fetal mice, with systemic spread across endothelial barriers leading to widespread long-term engraftment in multiple organ compartments. Although the low-level of chimerism achieved is not curative for DMD, this approach may be useful in other severe mesenchymal or enzyme deficiency syndromes, where low-level protein expression may ameliorate disease pathology.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, United Kingdom. jerrychan@nus.edu.sg
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Simon N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Waddington
authors.forename: Keelin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: O'Donoghue
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kurata
authors.forename: Pascale V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Guillot
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gotherstrom
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Themis
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Nicholas M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Fisk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D016086:Lentivirus / Q000235:genetics; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000166:cytology*; D051379:Mice; D018101:Mice, Inbred mdx; D009137:Muscular Dystrophy, Animal / Q000196:embryology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D020388:Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D011247:Pregnancy; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D014161:Transduction, Genetic