title: [In vitro study on induction systems for marrow mesenchymal stem cells to chondrocytes].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) during the induction course from marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to chondrocytes and to observe the effect of cell density on cell induction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Differential time adherent methods were used to purify MSCs obtained from the bone marrow of Kunming mice. MSCs were cultured under special conditions to induce them to differentiate into chondrocytes. Toluidine blue staining and immunofluorescence were used to identify those induced chondrocytes. TGF-beta1 and IGF-1 were used individually or in combination under two different culture patterns: pellet culture and monolayer culture. According to different growth factors, experiment included 3 experimental groups (TGF-beta1 + IGF-1 group, 10 ng/ml and 50 ng/ml respectively; TGF-beta1 group, 10 ng/ml; and IGF-1 group, 50 ng/ml) and control group (without growth factor). In TGF-beta1 + IGF-1 group, toluidine blue staining and immunofluorescence staining were carried out at 14 days and 21 days. The effect of TGF-beta1 and IGF-1 on the expression of collagen II gene was detected by RT-PCR at 7, 14 and 21 days of induction; the expressions of collagen II were compared between two culture patterns.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In TGF-beta1 +-IGF-1 group, the histological examination and immunofluorescence showed that those inducted chondrocytes could express collagen II at 14 days. The gel electrophoresis results showed that the fragment of collagen II gene was seen in TGF-beta1 +IGF-1 group and TGF-beta1 group and that no fragment of collagen II gene was seen in IGF-1 group and control group. The expression of collagen II gene was stronger in TGF-beta1+ IGF-1 group than in TGF-beta1 group, showing significant difference (P<0. 05). Cells expressed more collagen II under pellet culture than under monolayer culture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IGF-1 could enhance the effect of TGF-beta1 during the induction course from MSCs to chondrocytes. A certain extent of high cell density is more effective for MSCs to differentiate into chondrocytes.
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Biomedical Material Key Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300192, P. R. China
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Lingrong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qiqing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I