title: Effect of an acidifying diet combined with zeolite and slight protein reduction on air emissions from laying hens of different ages.
abstract: The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effectiveness of a reduced-emission (RE) diet containing 6.9% of a CaSO(4)-zeolite mixture and slightly reduced CP to 21-, 38-, and 59-wk-old Hy-Line W-36 hens (trials 1, 2, and 3, respectively) on egg production and emissions of NH(3), H(2)S, NO, NO(2), CO(2), CH(4), and non-CH(4) total hydrocarbons as compared with feeding a commercial (CM) diet. At each age, 640 hens were allocated, randomly to 8 environmental chambers for a 3-wk period. On an analyzed basis, the CM diet contained 18.0, 17.0, and 16.2% CP and 0.25, 0.18, and 0.20% S in trials 1, 2, and 3, and the RE diet contained 17.0, 15.5, and 15.6% CP and 0.99, 1.20, and 1.10% S in trials 1, 2, and 3. Diets were formulated to contain similar Ca and P contents. Average daily egg weight (56.3 g), average daily egg production (81%), average daily feed intake (92.4 g), and BW change (23.5 g), across ages, were unaffected by diet (P > 0.05) over the study period. Age effects were observed for all performance variables and NH(3) emissions (P < 0.05). In trials 1, 2, and 3, daily NH(3) emissions from hens fed the RE diets (185.5, 312.2, and 333.5 mg/bird) were less than emissions from hens fed the CM diet (255.1, 560.6, and 616.3 mg/bird; P < 0.01). Daily emissions of H(2)S across trials from hens fed the RE diet were 4.08 mg/bird compared with 1.32 mg/bird from hens fed the CM diet (P < 0.01). Diet (P < 0.05) and age (P < 0.05) affected emissions of CO(2) and CH(4). A diet effect (P < 0.01) on NO emissions was observed. No diet or age effects (P > 0.05) were observed for NO(2) or non-CH(4) total hydrocarbons. Results demonstrated that diet and layer age influence air emissions from poultry operations.
authors.affiliation: Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu-Haan
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Angel
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Hale
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Applegate
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000388:Air / Q000032:analysis*; D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D002645:Chickens / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004531:Eggs; D005260:Female; D006799:Housing, Animal / Q000592:standards; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide / Q000032:analysis; D008697:Methane / Q000032:analysis; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis; D010058:Oviposition / Q000502:physiology*; D017641:Zeolites / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D017641:Zeolites; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000641:Ammonia; D008697:Methane; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide