Influence of metabolic syndrome on biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in obese adults.
OBJECTIVE
Both obesity and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) have been independently linked with increased oxidative and inflammatory stress. This study tested the hypothesis that obesity with MetS is associated with greater oxidative and inflammatory burden compared with obesity alone.


METHODS
Forty-eight normal-weight and 40 obese (20 without MetS; 20 with MetS) adults were studied. MetS was defined according to National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Plasma concentrations of oxidized low-density lipoprotein, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-18 were determined by enzyme immunoassay.


RESULTS
Plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation were lowest in normal-weight controls. Of note, obese MetS adults demonstrated significantly higher plasma concentrations of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (62.3 +/- 3.2 vs. 54.0 +/- 4.0 U/L; p < 0.05), C-reactive protein (3.0 +/- 0.6 vs. 1.5 +/- 0.3 mg/L; p < 0.01), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (2.1 +/- 0.1 vs. 1.6 +/- 0.1 pg/mL; p < 0.05), IL-6 (2.8 +/- 0.4 vs. 1.4 +/- 0.2 pg/mL; p < 0.01), and IL-18 (253 +/- 16 vs. 199 +/- 16 pg/mL; p < 0.01), compared with obese adults without MetS.


CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that MetS heightens oxidative stress and inflammatory burden in obese adults. Increased oxidative and inflammatory stress may contribute to the greater risk of coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease in obese adults with MetS.
Van Guilder
Gary P
GP
Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
Hoetzer
Greta L
GL
Greiner
Jared J
JJ
Stauffer
Brian L
BL
Desouza
Christopher A
CA
D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
D015415:Biomarkers; D020382:Interleukin-18; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein