title: Parental awareness of hearing impairment in their school-going children and healthcare seeking behaviour in Kisumu district, Kenya.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hearing-impaired children who are identified early and appropriately managed have improved outcomes in speech, language, cognitive and social development. Enhanced parental awareness of their child's hearing disability, behavioral, developmental and psychosocial limitations is essential to sustaining timely detection and appropriate intervention. Additionally, availability of services for diagnosis, treatment and habilitation would improve the demand for pedaudiological care in this community.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe level of parental awareness of childhood HI and the pattern of access to and utilization of ambulatory care services.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three parents of lower primary school-going children who failed audiometric screening from sampled schools in Kisumu district, western Kenya.
  
  
  METHODS
  First person to detect HI, age of child at first suspicion of HI, source of ambulatory health care and use of the health care facilities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of HI was 2.48%. Most parents/guardians (69.7%) were aware of their child's hearing impairment. Of these, 63.6% were first to detect HI in the pupils, while 30.3% were detected by screen. Most children (57.2%) were first recognized with (HI) after age 2 years. The mean age at identification was 5.5 years. The median travel distance to the preferred health care facility was 2 km (IQR 1-2.5). Parents seldom sought or lacked help for their hearing-impaired children. Of 27.3% who asked for hearing assessment, 9.1% received some counsel on HI and 12.1% received medication, one (3%) was referred for audiological assessment and none used a hearing aid. Use of health facilities for maternal care was (65.7%) and immunization (62.9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite adequate parental awareness of chronic childhood disability, health facilities were underutilized. This indicates the need to further stimulate and maintain a desirable level of uptake of services for diagnosis, treatment and habilitation of childhood HI, while sustaining delivery of effective and acceptable high quality paediatric care.
authors.affiliation: Ear Nose and Throat Department, Nyanza Provincial Hospital, P.O. Box 6734, 040 103 Kisumu, and Department of Biological Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya. omondisda@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Dickens
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Omondi
authors.forename: Calistus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ogol
authors.forename: Syprine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Otieno
authors.forename: Isaac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Macharia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001364:Awareness; D002391:Catchment Area, Health; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006311:Hearing Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011584:Psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*