title: Epidemiological characteristics of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose regulation in a Chinese adult population: the Shanghai Diabetes Studies, a cross-sectional 3-year follow-up study in Shanghai urban communities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) in a Chinese population aged 20-94 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  A group of 5,628 randomly selected adults, aged 20-94 years, living in the Huayang and Caoyang communities in Shanghai, China, were investigated between 1998 and 2001. During 2002-04, 2,666 subjects were followed up. All the participants underwent anthropometric measurements, blood biochemical analyses and a 75-g OGTT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on the 2000 census data of China, the age-standardised prevalences were 6.87% for diabetes and 8.53% for IGR at baseline. More than two in five cases with diabetes were undiagnosed. The age-adjusted prevalence of diabetes and IGR increased with age. The age-adjusted prevalences of hypertension, dyslipidaemia and overweight in males were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than in females. The 3-year cumulative incidence rates of diabetes and IGR were 4.96 and 11.10%, respectively. The relative risk of developing diabetes was significantly higher in subjects with IGR than in subjects with NGT (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence and incidence rates for diabetes or IGR have increased dramatically over the last decades, especially in younger age groups. A large proportion of cases are undiagnosed. We strongly recommend that population-based diabetes screening programmes should be implemented and generalised for younger people.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China. wpjia@yahoo.com
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Y Q
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: J X
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Xiang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D014505:Urban Population