title: Longitudinal development of antisocial behaviors in young and early adolescent Puerto Rican children at two sites.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This report provides descriptive longitudinal findings over three waves of a study designed to assess the development of antisocial behaviors in young and early adolescent Puerto Rican children at two sites.
  
  
  METHODS
  Through the use of standard assessment measures, representative samples of Puerto Rican children of both genders 5 to 13 years of age and their adult caretakers were interviewed at two sites: the South Bronx in New York City (n = 1,138) and the Standard Metropolitan Areas in Puerto Rico (n = 1,353; N = 2,491).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although no differences in prevalence between the two sites were apparent at baseline, analyses of the longitudinal data show that site differences emerge over time, with a decrease in risk of antisocial behavior over time in the Standard Metropolitan Areas relative to the Bronx.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The decreased risk of these disorders in the Standard Metropolitan Areas corroborates the low rates in Puerto Rico reported in previous research. Future analyses of these data are needed to identify the risk and protective factors associated with this difference.
authors.affiliation: Drs. Bird, Duarte, and Shen and Mr. Davies (retired) are with the Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child Psychiatry, Columbia University/New York State Psychiatric Institute; Dr. Shrout is with the Department of Psychology at New York University; Dr. Canino is Director of the Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan; and Dr. Loeber is with the Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA.. Electronic address: birdh@childpsych.columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Hector R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Bird
authors.affiliation: Drs. Bird, Duarte, and Shen and Mr. Davies (retired) are with the Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child Psychiatry, Columbia University/New York State Psychiatric Institute; Dr. Shrout is with the Department of Psychology at New York University; Dr. Canino is Director of the Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan; and Dr. Loeber is with the Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: Patrick E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Shrout
authors.affiliation: Drs. Bird, Duarte, and Shen and Mr. Davies (retired) are with the Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child Psychiatry, Columbia University/New York State Psychiatric Institute; Dr. Shrout is with the Department of Psychology at New York University; Dr. Canino is Director of the Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan; and Dr. Loeber is with the Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.affiliation: Drs. Bird, Duarte, and Shen and Mr. Davies (retired) are with the Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child Psychiatry, Columbia University/New York State Psychiatric Institute; Dr. Shrout is with the Department of Psychology at New York University; Dr. Canino is Director of the Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan; and Dr. Loeber is with the Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: Glorisa
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Canino
authors.affiliation: Drs. Bird, Duarte, and Shen and Mr. Davies (retired) are with the Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child Psychiatry, Columbia University/New York State Psychiatric Institute; Dr. Shrout is with the Department of Psychology at New York University; Dr. Canino is Director of the Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan; and Dr. Loeber is with the Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: Cristiane S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: Drs. Bird, Duarte, and Shen and Mr. Davies (retired) are with the Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child Psychiatry, Columbia University/New York State Psychiatric Institute; Dr. Shrout is with the Department of Psychology at New York University; Dr. Canino is Director of the Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan; and Dr. Loeber is with the Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Drs. Bird, Duarte, and Shen and Mr. Davies (retired) are with the Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child Psychiatry, Columbia University/New York State Psychiatric Institute; Dr. Shrout is with the Department of Psychology at New York University; Dr. Canino is Director of the Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan; and Dr. Loeber is with the Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Loeber
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009519:New York City / Q000208:ethnology; D015995:Prevalence; D011647:Puerto Rico / Q000208:ethnology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires