title: Analysis on the promoter region of human decidual prolactin gene in the progesterone-induced decidualization and cAMP-induced decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the promoter region of human decidual prolactin (dPRL) gene in the human endometrial stromal cells (ESC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Various segments of the human dPRL promoter that direct the expression of the secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter gene were transfected into human ESC decidualized by estrogen (E) + progesterone (P) or cyclic AMP (cAMP) to identify E + P or cAMP responsive elements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The region between nucleotides -2038 and -1605 relative to the transcriptional initiation site includes two activator protein-1 (AP-1) sites, which both provided maximal response to E + P or cAMP in decidualized cells. When either AP-1 site was mutated, response in the promoter activity to both E + P or cAMP response showed a decrease compared with control. The region between -310 and -285 that contains consensus-binding sequences for transcription factors of CCAAT/Enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBP) contributed to E + P and cAMP response in decidualized cells. Also, the 5'-flanking region that extends 79 base pairs upstream, including an imperfect cAMP response element (CRE), contributed to E + P and cAMP response. In cells treated with E + P or cAMP for 10 days, mutant of C/EBP-binding site showed an increase in promoter activity comparing to dPRL-2038. In contrast, treatment with PKI showed a decrease in promoter activity in cells treated with E + P or cAMP alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that cAMP-induced region of the human dPRL promoter resides between -1862 and -1856, -1703 and -1697, -310 and -285, and that the sequences between -1862 and -1856, -1703 and -1697 of the promoter display E + P-induced promoter activity. Furthermore, the current study indicates that E + P or cAMP cooperatively regulate the dPRL gene transcription through some transcriptional factors such as C/EBP, CREB, and other cofactor(s), and that some repressor(s) or corepressor(s) may be involved in the C/EBP-binding site of the human dPRL promoter.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Reproductive Biology Science, Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu City, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Dong Fang
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Minoura
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawato
authors.forename: Nagayasu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Toyoda
authors.forename: Norimasa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sagawa
mesh_terms: D024506:5' Flanking Region / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D003656:Decidua / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011374:Progesterone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011388:Prolactin / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011374:Progesterone; D011388:Prolactin; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases