title: Dofequidar fumarate (MS-209) in combination with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and fluorouracil for patients with advanced or recurrent breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of dofequidar plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and fluorouracil (CAF) therapy in comparison with CAF alone, in patients with advanced or recurrent breast cancer. Dofequidar is a novel, orally active quinoline derivative that reverses multidrug resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, patients were treated with six cycles of CAF therapy: 28 days/cycle, with doxorubicin (25 mg/m2) and fluorouracil (500 mg/m2) administered on days 1 and 8 and cyclophosphamide (100 mg orally [PO]) administered on day 1 through 14. Patients received dofequidar (900 mg PO) 30 minutes before each dose of doxorubicin. Primary end point was overall response rate (ORR; partial or complete response). In total, 221 patients were assessable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ORR was 42.6% for CAF compared with 53.1% for dofequidar + CAF, a 24.6% relative improvement and 10.5% absolute increase (P = .077). There was a trend for prolonged progression-free survival (PFS; median 241 days for CAF v 366 days for dofequidar + CAF; P = .145). In retrospectively defined subgroups, significant improvement in PFS in favor of dofequidar was observed in patients who were premenopausal, had no prior therapy, and were stage IV at diagnosis with an intact primary tumor. Except for neutropenia and leukopenia, there was no statistically significant excess of grade 3/4 adverse events compared with CAF. Treatment with dofequidar did not affect the plasma concentration of doxorubicin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dofequidar + CAF was well tolerated and is suggested to have efficacy in patients who had not received prior therapy.
authors.affiliation: National Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Japan. tsaeki@saitama-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saeki
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nomizu
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toi
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Shinzaburo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asaga
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: Naohito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Kenjiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aogi
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.forename: Wakao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuruo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011804:Quinolines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011804:Quinolines; C087719:dofequidar; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D005472:Fluorouracil