title: Consequence of body packing of illicit drugs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During the last decade, increased rates of drug traffic have led the smugglers to use various methods. One of these methods of illicit drug smuggling is body packing. Smuggling by intra-abdominal concealment is called "body packing". In this research, mortality rate was investigated due to body packing in Tehran.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive study (case series) was designed on all corpses referred to the Forensic Medicine Organization of Tehran between April 1999 - December 2000. Demographic data such as sex, age, marital status, addiction, job, education level, type of opioid and the weight, number of packets, and results of blood and urine morphine tests by thin-layer chromatographic method were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Continental system of law is used in Iran and 0.06% of the referred corpses to Forensic Medicine Organization of Tehran were body packers. There were 12 cases, all of them were men. The mean age of body packers was 43 years (range 20 - 62). The minimum weight of the packets was 20 g and the maximum weight was 1400 g (mean = 501 g). The minimum number of the packets was one and the maximum number of the packets was 48. Twenty five percent of the corps were putrefied and one corpse was mummified. None of the body packers had academic education nor were employed. Nine of them lived in cities. Twenty five percent of them were intravenous addicts. The corpses were found mostly in terminals (17%), roads (58%), and cities (25%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hospital physicians may neglect this type of gastrointestinal foreign body if they are not aware of the body packer syndrome. Body packing should be suspected in anyone with signs of drug-induced toxic effects after a recent arrival on city terminals or when there is no history of recreational drug use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. hassanian@sbmu.ac.ir
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hassanian-Moghaddam
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Abolmasoumi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002102:Cadaver; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D004064:Digestive System; D062787:Drug Overdose / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality*; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning* / Q000652:urine; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs