title: Nonribosomal synthesis of fengycin on an enzyme complex formed by fengycin synthetases.
abstract: Fengycin, a lipopeptidic antibiotic, is synthesized nonribosomally by five fengycin synthetases (FenC, FenD, FenE, FenA, and FenB) in Bacillus subtilis F29-3. This work demonstrates that these fengycin synthetases interlock to form a chain, which coils into a 14.5-nm structure. In this chain, fengycin synthetases are linked in the order FenC-FenD-FenE-FenA-FenB by interactions between the C-terminal region of an upstream enzyme and the N-terminal region of its downstream partner enzyme, with their amino acid activation modules arranged colinearly with the amino acids in fengycin. This work also reveals that fengycin is synthesized on this fengycin synthetase chain, explaining how fengycin is synthesized efficiently and accurately. The results from this investigation demonstrate that forming a peptide synthetase complex is crucial to nonribosomal peptide synthesis.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang-Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Yeu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Chyi-Liang
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yu-Hsiu
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yu-Chieh
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Ying-Chung
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Hung-Yu
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.forename: Friedrich
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Götz
authors.forename: Shih-Tung
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D055666:Lipopeptides; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D046908:Peptide Biosynthesis, Nucleic Acid-Independent / Q000502:physiology*; D010453:Peptide Synthases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D055666:Lipopeptides; D008074:Lipoproteins; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; C049972:fengycin; D010453:Peptide Synthases; C110972:fengycin synthetase