title: From stratospheric ozone to climate change: historical perspective on precaution and scientific responsibility.
abstract: The issue of the impact of human activities on the stratospheric ozone layer emerged in the early 1970s. But international regulations to mitigate the most serious effects were not adopted until the mid-1980s. This case holds lessons for addressing more complex environmental problems. Concepts that should inform discussion include 'latency,' 'counter-factual scenario based on the Precautionary Principle,' 'inter-generational burden sharing,' and 'estimating global costs under factual and counter-factual regulatory scenarios.' Stringent regulations were adopted when large scientific uncertainty existed, and the environmental problem would have been prevented or more rapidly mitigated, at relatively modest incremental price, but for a time delay before more rigorous Precautionary measures were implemented. Will history repeat itself in the case of climate change?
authors.affiliation: Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie.
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mégie
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants; D017402:Chlorofluorocarbons; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000941:ethics / Q000266:history; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000941:ethics / Q000266:history; D017752:Greenhouse Effect; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D010126:Ozone; D011640:Public Policy; D012586:Science / Q000941:ethics*; D012941:Social Responsibility; D035501:Uncertainty
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D017402:Chlorofluorocarbons; D010126:Ozone