title: Is late stent thrombosis in drug-eluting stents a real clinical issue? A single-center experience and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Randomized studies have not found an increased rate of late stent thrombosis (LAST) in drug-eluting stents (DES) compared with bare metal stents (BMS) but those studies were statistically not powered to show such a difference. At the same time there is an increasing number of reports of LAST in DES patients in the current literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  We tried to describe the incidence of LAST in an unselected DES and BMS patient population. All patients who underwent stenting in our hospital between October 2003 and March 2006 were included in the study (n=1377). A total of 424 (30.1%) patients were treated with only BMS stents, 520 (37.8%) with paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES), 384 (27.9%) with sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) and 49 (3.6%) with BMS and DES. Long-term follow-up of all patients was used to determine the incidence of LAST as defined by angiographically proven stent thrombosis associated with acute symptoms more than 30 days after stent implantation. Followup was between 1 month and 2 years 7 months (mean 12 months). Patients treated with DES were younger (66+/-11 years) than BMS patients (72+/-10 years; p<0.001) and more often had diabetes (24.2% vs 17.4%; p < 0.001). A previous PCI had been performed in 27.1% of DES patients vs 13.9% of BMS patients (p < 0.001).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 9 cases of LAST: 2 with SES (at 6 and 11 months after implantation), 6 with PES (at 6, 9 (2x), 10, 16 and 26 months), and one with BMS (at 22 months). All patients with LAST presented with STEMI and without an angina history that suggested restenosis. Two cases were related to complete cessation of antiplatelet therapy, one because of patient non-compliance (SES), one after aspirin was stopped for orthopedic surgery (BMS). Two cases occurred within 1 month of cessation of clopidogrel therapy and while these patients were on aspirin therapy. Five cases occurred on aspirin monotherapy 2, 3, 4, 10 and 20 months, respectively after planned cessation of clopidogrel. None of the cases occurred under dual antiplatelet therapy. All patients underwent primary PCI; none died.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Angiographically proven LAST occurred in our unselected patient population with an incidence of 0.84% in patients treated with DES and 0.21% in BMS patients within a mean follow-up of 12 months (p = 0.36). LAST may indeed occur in clinically stable patients while on aspirin monotherapy. Since LAST led in all patients to STEMI it seems to be a serious clinical issue that prompts further investigation and discussion of length of dual platelet therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Länssjukhuset i Kalmar, Sweden. jorgc@ltkalmar.se
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carlsson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: von Wagenheim
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Linder
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Anwari
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qvist
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Petersson
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Magounakis
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lagerqvist
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003328:Coronary Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D050257:Tubulin Modulators / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D050257:Tubulin Modulators; D017239:Paclitaxel; D020123:Sirolimus