title: Palliation for suspected unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of different techniques of palliation for patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients treated with palliative intent between 1988 and 2004 at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh were reviewed. Patients were analysed on an intention to treat basis. Demographics, procedure and outcome (including re-admissions) were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and thirty-three patients underwent palliative treatment for suspected hilar cholangiocarcinoma. The diagnosis was confirmed histologically in 109 patients. The procedure related morbidity and mortality was 54/225 and 18/207 respectively. Seventy-one patients required re-admission. Twenty patients underwent surgical biliary bypass for jaundice. Those undergoing surgical palliation had a longer median (95% CI) time to re-admission (16 (0-36) vs.7 (2-12) weeks, p=0.001). Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) and stenting was only successful in 28 patients and was associated with a significantly higher re-admission rate compared to patients in whom ERCP was not performed (60/179 vs. 4/27, p=0.050). The overall median (95% CI) survival was 145 (124-185) days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current options for palliation of hilar cholangiocarcinoma provide good short term success but are all associated with significant early and late morbidity. Due to its low success and association with an increased re-admission rate, ERCP for definitive palliation should not be used in the first line staging and management of these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Surgical Sciences (Surgery), University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Connor
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barron
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Redhead
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ireland
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Madhavan
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Parks
authors.forename: O J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Garden
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000628:therapy*; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care; D010359:Patient Readmission; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome