title: Obestatin-mediated proliferation of human retinal pigment epithelial cells: regulatory mechanisms.
abstract: In this work, we have evaluated the effect of the new discovered peptide obestatin on cell proliferation in primary cultures of human retinal epithelial cells (hRPE cells). The results showed that this peptide induced, in a dose-dependent manner, cell proliferation by MEK/ERK 1/2 phosphorylation. A sequential analysis of the obestatin transmembrane signaling pathway showed that the ERK 1/2 activity is partially blocked after preincubation of the cells with pertussis toxin (PTX), as well as by wortmannin (an inhibitor of PI3K), claphostin C (an inhibitor of PKC), and PP2 (which inhibits the non receptor tyrosine kinase Src). Upon administration of obestatin, the intracellular levels of phospho-PKCepsilon-, theta-, and micro-isoenzymes rise with different time courses, from which PKCepsilon might be responsible for ERK 1/2 response. Based on the experimental data, a signaling pathway involving the consecutive activation of Gi, PI3K, novel PKC (probably PKCepsilon), and Src for ERK 1/2 activation is proposed. These results incorporate a new mitogenic factor to the group of factors that regulate proliferation of hRPE cells.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Research Area, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain. mecamina@usc.es
authors.forename: Jesus P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Camiña
authors.forename: Jacobo F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: J Eduardo
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Caminos
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dieguez
authors.forename: Felipe F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Casanueva
mesh_terms: D002452:Cell Count; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D037342:Pertussis Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010857:Pigment Epithelium of Eye / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D016392:Proto-Oncogene Proteins pp60(c-src) / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C495797:GPR39 protein, human; D036361:Peptide Hormones; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D016392:Proto-Oncogene Proteins pp60(c-src); D011493:Protein Kinase C; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3