title: Construction and validation of a patient- and user-friendly nursing home version of the Geriatric Depression Scale.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To construct a patient- and user-friendly shortened version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) that is especially suitable for nursing home patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was carried out on two different data bases including 23 Dutch nursing homes. Data on the GDS (n = 410), the Mini Mental State Examination (n = 410) and a diagnostic interview (SCAN; n = 333), were collected by trained clinicians. Firstly, the items of the GDS-15 were judged on their clinical applicability by three clinical experts. Subsequently, items that were identified as unsuitable were removed using the data of the Assess project (n = 77), and internal consistency was calculated. Secondly, with respect to criterion validity (sensitivity, specitivity, area under ROC and positive and negative predictive values), the newly constructed shortened GDS was validated in the AGED data set (n = 333), using DSM-IV diagnosis for depression as measured by the SCAN as 'gold standard'.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The eight-item GDS that resulted from stage 1 showed good internal consistency in both the Assess data set (alpha = 0.86) and the AGED dataset (alpha = 0.80). In the AGED dataset, high sensitivity rates of 96.3% for major depression and 83.0% for minor depression were found, with a specificity rate of 71.7% at a cut-off point of 2/3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The GDS-8 has good psychometric properties. Given that the GDS-8 is less burdening for the patient, more comfortable to use and less time consuming, it may be a more feasible screening test for the frail nursing home population.
authors.affiliation: VU Medical Center/Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, Department of Nursing Home Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jongenelis
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Gerritsen
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Pot
authors.forename: A T F
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Beekman
authors.forename: A M H
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Eisses
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kluiter
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Ribbe
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019540:Area Under Curve; D010054:Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D005852:Geriatric Psychiatry / Q000379:methods; D006707:Homes for the Aged; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009735:Nursing Homes; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity