title: An apolipoprotein E-based therapeutic improves outcome and reduces Alzheimer's disease pathology following closed head injury: evidence of pharmacogenomic interaction.
abstract: Apolipoprotein E (apoE) modifies glial activation and the CNS inflammatory response in an isoform-specific manner. Peptides derived from the receptor-binding region of apoE have been demonstrated to maintain the functional activity of the intact protein, and to improve histological and functional deficits after closed head injury. In the current study, APOE2, APOE3, and APOE4 targeted replacement (TR) mice expressing the human apoE protein isoforms (apoE2, apoE3 and apoE4) were used in a clinically relevant model of closed head injury to assess the interaction between the humanized apoE background and the therapeutic apoE mimetic peptide, apoE(133-149). Treatment with the apoE-mimetic peptide reduced microglial activation and early inflammatory events in all of the targeted replacement animals and was associated with histological and functional improvement in the APOE2TR and APOE3TR animals. Similarly, brain beta amyloid protein (Abeta)(1-42) levels were increased as a function of head injury in all of the targeted replacement mice, while treatment with apoE peptide suppressed Abeta(1-42) levels in the APOE2TR and APOE3TR animals. These results suggest a pharmacogenomic interaction between the therapeutic effects of the apoE mimetic peptide and the human apoE protein isoforms. Furthermore, they suggest that administration of apoE-mimetic peptides may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of acute and chronic neurological disease.
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Durham
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Vitek
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Laskowitz
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D053329:Apolipoprotein E2 / Q000378:metabolism; D053318:Apolipoprotein E3 / Q000378:metabolism; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D005911:Gliosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016489:Head Injuries, Closed / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058225:Plaque, Amyloid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D053329:Apolipoprotein E2; D053318:Apolipoprotein E3; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42)