title: Inclusion of an S-nitrosylating agent in the insufflating gas does not alter gastric activity in rats following pneumoperitoneum.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have previously shown that mixing the S-nitrosylating agent ethyl nitrite with carbon dioxide can attenuate pneumoperitoneum-induced decreases in splanchnic blood flow, but it was unclear if this agent would alter gastric function. This question was answered using rats by assessing gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit times following gavage with radioactive chromium.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were five experimental groups: absolute control, anesthesia control, and carbon dioxide alone or with 100 or 300 parts per million ethyl nitrite. The period of insufflation was 1 h, and all animals were euthanized 6.5 h after chromium administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean amount of radioactivity remaining in the stomach ranged between 16% and 27% of the total administered; these differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Modest differences in chromium distribution were identified in the gastrointestinal tract, but for all treatments, the peak amount of radioactivity was located in the distal portion. Location of the peak, expressed as a percentage of total tract length, varied between 70% and 85% (p = 0.366).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study found no adverse effect of ethyl nitrite on postoperative gastric emptying or gastrointestinal transit time following pneumoperitoneum. The findings support continued assessment of the clinical utility of ethyl nitrite in the setting of laparoscopic surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Duke Endosurgery Center, Room 119, Research Park 4, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimazutsu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uemura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Stamler
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Reynolds
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D002860:Chromium Radioisotopes; D005740:Gases; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects*; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D009573:Nitrites / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D002860:Chromium Radioisotopes; D005740:Gases; D009573:Nitrites; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; C032712:ethyl nitrite