title: Bilateral congenital lacrimal sac fistulae in a patient with ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting syndrome.
abstract: We describe a case of bilateral congenital lacrimal sac fistulas, associated with ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting syndrome. The embryologic basis for this condition is discussed, as well as the epidemiology, typical presentation, and possible treatment modalities. After we excised the fistulas and intubated the nasolacrimal ducts in this patient, he experienced improvement in symptoms by report.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Memorial Hospital/Brown University, Pawtucket, Rhode Island, USA.
authors.forename: Alexandra M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Tien
authors.forename: David Robbins
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Tien
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004476:Ectodermal Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005385:Fingers / Q000002:abnormalities; D005402:Fistula / Q000151:congenital* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007765:Lacrimal Apparatus / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D007766:Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases / Q000151:congenital* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D013576:Syndactyly / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013577:Syndrome