title: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) measurement during follow-up for rectal carcinoma is useful even if normal levels exist before surgery. A retrospective study of CEA values in the TME trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as a marker in the follow-up after curative resection of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is often omitted from follow-up despite guideline recommendations. One reason is the assumption that when a normal CEA value exists before curative resection of CRC, it will neither rise during follow-up. This study investigates this relationship.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were derived from a study initiated to evaluate treatment regimes for rectal carcinoma (Dutch TME trial, n=1861) from which 954 were eligible for analysis. Recurrent disease occurred in 272 of these patients (29.5%). The pre-operative CEA value was compared to CEA values during follow-up, using threshold values of 2.5 and 5.0 ng/ml.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Normal pre-operative CEA values were present in 63% (CEA<5.0) and 39% (CEA<2.5) of patients with recurrent disease. Patients with a normal pre-operative CEA and recurrent disease had elevated CEA values during follow-up in 41% (CEA<5.0), 50% (CEA<2.5) and in 60% with both threshold values when the last measurement was done within 3 months before recurrent disease was diagnosed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A normal pre-operative CEA is common in patients with rectal carcinoma. CEA does rise due to recurrent disease in at least 50% of patients with normal pre-operative values. Serial post-operative CEA testing cannot be discarded based on a normal pre-operative serum CEA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.000, 9700 RD Groningen, The Netherlands. i.grossmann@ziekenhuis-mst.nl
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Grossmann
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: de Bock
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Meershoek-Klein Kranenbarg
authors.forename: C J H
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: van de Velde
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wiggers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003082:Colectomy / Q000379:methods*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011379:Prognosis; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen