title: Molecular changes in selected epithelial proteins in human keratoconus corneas compared to normal corneas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to determine molecular changes in selected epithelial proteins in human keratoconus (KC) corneas compared to normal corneas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoretic profiles of epithelial cell proteins from normal and keratoconus corneas were compared, and the selected protein spots that showed either up- or downregulation were identified. The desired spots were identified after trypsin digestion and mass spectrometric analysis. Based on the results, two proteins, alpha-enolase and beta-actin, were further analyzed by immunohistochemical and western blot methods, using respective antibodies. To determine the presence of mRNA of the two proteins in the epithelial cells, RT-PCR studies were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On comparison of the 2-D gel electrophoretic protein profiles, two protein spots were identified in normal corneas that were either absent or present at lower levels in keratoconus corneas. The two spots were determined to be alpha-enolase (48 kDa) and beta-actin (42 kDa) by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF), and ES-MS/MS mass spectrometric methods. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that alpha-enolase and beta-actin were present at extremely low levels in the epithelial superficial and wing cells of the keratoconus corneas compared to these cells of normal corneas. 2-D gel electrophoresis followed by western blot analysis revealed relatively greater degradation of the two proteins in the keratoconus corneas compared to normal corneas. RT-PCR analysis showed the mRNA expression of the two proteins in the epithelial cells of both normal and keratoconus corneas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results showed relatively low or negligible levels of alpha-enolase and beta-actin in the wing and superficial epithelial cells of keratoconus corneas compared to normal corneas. This was attributed to relatively greater degradation of the two proteins in keratoconus corneas compared to normal corneas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vision Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. srivasta@uab.edu
authors.forename: Om P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: Deepa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chandrasekaran
authors.forename: Roswell R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Pfister
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D019573:Epithelium, Corneal / Q000378:metabolism*; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007640:Keratoconus / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005136:Eye Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C095157:ENO1 protein, human; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase