Sources of antioxidant activity in Australian native fruits. Identification and quantification of anthocyanins.
Selected native Australian fruits, muntries (Kunzea pomifera F. Muell., Myrtaceae), Tasmanian pepper berry (Tasmanian lanceolata R. Br., Winteraceae), Illawarra plum (Podocarpus elatus R. Br. ex Endl., Podocarpaceae), Burdekin plum (Pleiogynium timorense DC. Leenh, Anacardiaceae), Cedar Bay cherry (Eugenia carissoides F. Muell., Myrtaceae), Davidson's plum (Davidsonia pruriens F. Muell. var. pruriens, Davidsoniaceae), and Molucca raspberry (Rubus moluccanus var. austropacificus van Royen, Rosaceae), were evaluated as sources of antioxidants by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays and compared with blueberry (Vaccinum spp. cv. Biloxi). The total reducing capacity of five fruits was 3.5-5.4-fold higher than that of blueberry, and the radical scavenging activities of muntries and Burdekin plum were 1.5- and 2.6-fold higher, respectively. The total phenolic level by Folin-Ciocalteu assay highly correlated with the antioxidant activity. Therefore, systematic research was undertaken to identify and characterize phenolic complexes. In the present study we report on the levels and composition of anthocyanins. The HPLC-DAD and HPLC/ESI-MS-MS (ESI = electrospray ionization) analyses revealed simple anthocyanin profiles of one to four individual pigments, with cyanidin as the dominating type. This is the first evaluation of selected native Australian fruits aiming at their utilization for the development of novel functional food products.
Netzel
Michael
M
Food Science Australia, Riverside Life Science Center, 11 Julius Avenue, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia. michael.netzel@csiro.au
Netzel
Gabriele
G
Tian
Qingguo
Q
Schwartz
Steven
S
Konczak
Izabela
I
D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000032:analysis*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D001315:Australia; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D031648:Kunzea / Q000737:chemistry; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000737:chemistry; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D027824:Rosaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D027842:Syzygium / Q000737:chemistry; D064028:Tracheophyta / Q000737:chemistry; D032423:Winteraceae / Q000737:chemistry
D000872:Anthocyanins; D000975:Antioxidants; D010636:Phenols; D001205:Ascorbic Acid