title: Do condoms cause rape and mayhem? The long-term effects of condoms in New South Wales' prisons.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Concerns raised by opponents to condom provision in prisons have not been objectively examined and the issue continues to be debated. The long-term effects of the introduction of condoms and dental dams into New South Wales (NSW) prisons in 1996 was examined, focusing on particular concerns raised by politicians, prison officers, prison nurses and prisoners. These groups were worried that (a) condoms would encourage prisoners to have sex, (b) condoms would lead to an increase in sexual assaults in prisons, (c) prisoners would use condoms to hide and store drugs and other contraband and (d) prisoners would use condoms as weapons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data sources included the NSW Inmate Health Survey (IHS) from 1996 and 2001 and official reports from the NSW Department of Corrective Services. The 1996 IHS involved 657 men and 132 women randomly selected from all prisons, with a 90% response rate. The 2001 survey involved 747 men and 167 women inmates, with an 85% response rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a decrease in reports of both consensual male-to-male sex and male sexual assaults 5 years after the introduction of condoms into prisons in 1996. The contents of condom kits were often used for concealing contraband items and for other purposes, but this was not associated with an increase in drug injecting in prison. Only three incidents of a condom being used in assaults on prison officers were recorded between 1996 and 2005; none was serious.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There exists no evidence of serious adverse consequences of distributing condoms and dental dams to prisoners in NSW. Condoms are an important public health measure in the fight against HIV and sexually transmitted diseases; they should be made freely available to prisoners as they are to other high-risk groups in the community.
authors.affiliation: National Centre in HIV Social Research, University of New South Wales, Robert Webster Building, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia. l.yap@unsw.edu.au
authors.forename: Lorraine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yap
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Juliet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Richters
authors.forename: Kristie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kirkwood
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saxby
authors.forename: Frederick
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ropp
authors.forename: Basil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Donovan
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health; D017280:Condoms / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009517:New South Wales; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology*; D011330:Prisons / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011902:Rape / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D016733:Rubber Dams / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D012742:Sex Offenses / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D012747:Sexual Partners