title: Association of lymphadenectomy and survival in stage I ovarian cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the survival impact of lymphadenectomy in women diagnosed with clinical stage I ovarian cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographic and clinicopathologic information were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program between 1988 and 2001. Data were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 6,686 women had clinical stage I ovarian cancer (median age 54 years, range 1-99). Of this total, 75.9% of patients were Caucasian, 8.3% were Hispanic, 5.8% were African American, and 7.3% were Asian. Epithelial tumors were present in 85.8% of the women, and 2,862 (42.8%) patients underwent lymphadenectomy. Patients aged 50 years or more were less likely to undergo lymphadenectomy compared with their younger cohorts (39.8% compared with 60.2%, P<.001). Only 32.7% of African-American women had lymphadenectomy compared with 42.7% of Caucasian women, 47.2% of Hispanics, and 48.8% of Asians (P<.001). Lymphadenectomy was associated with improved 5-year disease-specific survival of all patients from 87.0% to 92.6% (P<.001). More specifically, lymphadenectomy improved the survival in those with non-clear cell epithelial ovarian cancer (85.9% to 93.3%, P<.001) but not in those with clear cell carcinoma, germ cell tumors, sex cord stromal tumors, and sarcomas. Moreover, the extent of lymphadenectomy (0 nodes, less than 10 nodes, and 10 or more nodes) increased the survival rates from 87.0% to 91.9% to 93.8%, respectively (P<.001). On multivariable analysis, the extent of lymphadenectomy was a significant prognostic factor for improved survival, independently of other factors such as age, stage, histology, and grade of disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that women with stage I non-clear cell ovarian cancers who underwent lymphadenectomy had a significant improvement in survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  II.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. johnchan@stanford.edu
authors.forename: John K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Elizabeth G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Munro
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: Amreen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Husain
authors.forename: Nelson N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: Jonathan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Berek
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Osann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009375:Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011379:Prognosis