title: The dural entrance of cerebral bridging veins into the superior sagittal sinus: an anatomical comparison between cadavers and digital subtraction angiography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intracranial venous structures have received increasing attention due to improved neuroimaging techniques and increased awareness of cerebral venous disease. To date, few studies have attempted to investigate the dural entrance of the cerebral bridging vein (BV). The aim of this study was to use the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) as an example to identify anatomical features of the dural entrance of the BVs into the SSS in both human cadavers and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) images.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 30 adult and 7 fetal human cadavers and 36 patients were examined with anatomical dissections, vascular casting and DSA. The number, diameter and angle of the BVs entering the SSS were measured and compared between the cadavers and DSA images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results demonstrated that (1) the way a BV entered the SSS varied in three dimensions, and thus the BV dural entrance was difficult to precisely localize by DSA, (2) the distribution pattern of the dural entrance of the BVs into the SSS was relatively constant and a nontributary segment of the SSS was centered at the coronal suture and was identifiable by DSA, and (3) nearly all the BVs (97%, 561/581) entered the SSS at an angle opposite to the direction of blood flow.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unique anatomical features of the dural entrance of a BV into the SSS should be considered in neuroimaging interpretation of the sinus and its associated veins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D002102:Cadaver; D002550:Cerebral Veins / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology; D003392:Cranial Sinuses / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology; D004210:Dissection; D004388:Dura Mater / Q000098:blood supply*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity