title: Molecular printboards on silicon oxide: lithographic patterning of cyclodextrin monolayers with multivalent, fluorescent guest molecules.
abstract: Three compounds bearing multiple adamantyl guest moieties and a fluorescent dye have been synthesized for the supramolecular patterning of beta-cyclodextrin (CD) host monolayers on silicon oxide using microcontact printing and dip-pen nanolithography. Patterns created on monolayers on glass were viewed by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Semi-quantitative analysis of the patterns showed that with microcontact printing approximately a single monolayer of guest molecules is transferred. Exposure to different rinsing procedures showed the stability of the patterns to be governed by specific supramolecular multivalent interactions. Patterns of the guest molecules created at CD monolayers were stable towards thorough rinsing with water, whereas similar patterns created on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) reference monolayers were instantly removed. The patterns on CD monolayers displayed long-term stability when stored under N(2), whereas patterns at PEG monolayers faded within a few weeks due to the diffusion of fluorescent molecules across the surface. Assemblies at CD monolayers could be mostly removed by rinsing with a concentrated CD solution, demonstrating the reversibility of the methodology. Patterns consisting of different guest molecules were produced by microcontact printing of one guest molecule and specific adsorption of a second guest molecule from solution to non-contacted areas, giving well-defined alternating assemblies. Fluorescent features of sub-micrometer dimensions were written using supramolecular dip-pen nanolithography.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Alart
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Onclin
authors.forename: Mária
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Péter
authors.forename: Jacob P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hoogenboom
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Beijleveld
authors.forename: Jurjen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: ter Maat
authors.forename: María F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: García-Parajó
authors.forename: Bart Jan
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Ravoo
authors.forename: Jurriaan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huskens
authors.forename: Niek F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: van Hulst
authors.forename: David N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Reinhoudt
mesh_terms: D000181:Acrylonitrile / Q000737:chemistry; D003505:Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000494:pharmacology; D007281:Ink; D007834:Lasers; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008752:Methylene Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008956:Models, Chemical; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000379:methods; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003505:Cyclodextrins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D008752:Methylene Chloride; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; C031215:betadex; D000181:Acrylonitrile