title: What clinical and symptom features and comorbid disorders characterize outpatients with anxious major depressive disorder: a replication and extension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We previously found that 46% of the first 1450 outpatients with depression participating in the multicentre Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) project qualified for the designation of anxious depression. This study was designed to replicate and extend our initial findings in a subsequent, larger cohort of outpatient STAR*D participants with nonpsychotic major depressive disorder (MDD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline clinical and sociodemographic data were collected on 2337 consecutive STAR*D participants. A baseline 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale Anxiety-Somatization factor score of 7 or higher was designated as anxious depression. We identified concurrent Axis I disorders with the Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire (PDSQ), using a 90% specificity threshold. Depressive symptoms were assessed by clinical telephone interview with the 30-item Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Clinician-Rated (IDS-C30).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of anxious depression in this population was 45.1%. Patients with anxious MDD were significantly more likely to be in primary care settings and to be women, nonsingle, unemployed, Hispanic, less educated, and suffering from severe depression, both before and after adjustment for overall depression severity. Patients with anxious depression were significantly more likely to meet PDSQ thresholds for generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, agoraphobia, hypochondriasis, and somatoform disorder, both before and after adjusting for baseline depression severity. Individuals with anxious depression were also significantly less likely to endorse IDS-C30 items concerning atypical features and were significantly more likely to endorse items concerning melancholic-endogenous depression features, both before and after adjusting for baseline depression severity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study clearly replicates our previous STAR*D findings and supports the notion that anxious depression may be a valid diagnostic subtype of MDD, with distinct psychiatric comorbidities and clinical and sociodemographic features.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Harvard Medical School, MA 02114, USA. mfava@partners.org
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fava
authors.forename: A John
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rush
authors.forename: Jonathan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Alpert
authors.forename: Cheryl N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Carmin
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Balasubramani
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Wisniewski
authors.forename: Madhukar H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Trivedi
authors.forename: Melanie M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Biggs
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shores-Wilson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies