title: CK2 Is a component of the KSR1 scaffold complex that contributes to Raf kinase activation.
abstract: Kinase Suppressor of Ras (KSR) is a molecular scaffold that interacts with the core kinase components of the ERK cascade, Raf, MEK, and ERK and provides spatial and temporal regulation of Ras-dependent ERK cascade signaling. In this report, we identify the heterotetrameric protein kinase, casein kinase 2 (CK2), as a new KSR1-binding partner. Moreover, we find that the KSR1/CK2 interaction is required for KSR1 to maximally facilitate ERK cascade signaling and contributes to the regulation of Raf kinase activity. Binding of the CK2 holoenzyme is constitutive and requires the basic surface region of the KSR1 atypical C1 domain. Loss of CK2 binding does not alter the membrane translocation of KSR1 or its interaction with ERK cascade components; however, disruption of the KSR1/CK2 interaction or inhibition of CK2 activity significantly reduces the growth-factor-induced phosphorylation of C-Raf and B-Raf on the activating serine site in the negative-charge regulatory region (N-region). This decrease in Raf N-region phosphorylation further correlates with impaired Raf, MEK, and ERK activation. These findings identify CK2 as a novel component of the KSR1 scaffolding complex that facilitates ERK cascade signaling by functioning as a Raf family N-Region kinase.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ritt
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Conrads
authors.forename: Timothy D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Veenstra
authors.forename: Terry D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Copeland
authors.forename: Deborah K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Morrison
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D047390:Casein Kinase II / Q000378:metabolism*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D014981:Xenopus; D048490:raf Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011494:Protein Kinases; C097199:KSR-1 protein kinase; D047390:Casein Kinase II; D048490:raf Kinases