title: Correlation between the nature of immunity induced by different immunogens and the establishment of latent infection by wild-type pseudorabies virus.
abstract: To assess the correlation between the nature of immunity induced by different types of immunogens and the establishment of latent infection by wild-type pseudorabies virus (PrV), we used a murine model immunized with different immunogens, the PrV modified live vaccine (MLV), inactivated vaccine (IAV), and commercial oil-adjuvant subunit vaccine (OSV), via either intranasal (i.n.) or intramuscular (i.m.) route. Both MLV and IAV induced a different nature of immunity biased to Th1- and Th2-type, respectively, as judged by the ratio of PrV-specific IgG isotypes (IgG2a/IgG1) and the profile of cytokine IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-gamma production. In contrast, the OSV induced a lower isotype IgG2a to IgG1 ratio and higher level of IL-2 production. The MLV (inducing Th1-type) provided more effective protection against a virulent wild-type PrV challenge than IAV and OSV (inducing Th2- and mixed type, respectively). In addition, the MLV impeded the establishment of a latent infection with wild-type PrV, and the decrease in the PrV latency load by immunization with the MLV appeared to be mediated by the immune T-cells. These results demonstrate the substantial role of the immune responses driven by preceding vaccination in modulating the establishment of PrV latency caused by the post-infection of a field virus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Duckjin-ku, Duckjin-dong, Jeonju City, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: A Yoon
authors.forename: Abi G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Aleyas
authors.forename: Junu A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Seong Ok
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Young Woo
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Bang Hun
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Hyun
authors.forename: John Hwa
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hee Jong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Jeong Gon
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Seong Kug
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Eo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D005260:Female; D011558:Herpesvirus 1, Suid / Q000276:immunology*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011557:Pseudorabies / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology*; D022421:Pseudorabies Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D017735:Virus Latency / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D022421:Pseudorabies Vaccines