title: Tissue kallikrein infusion prevents cardiomyocyte apoptosis, inflammation and ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction.
abstract: We investigated the effect of tissue kallikrein infusion on cardiac protection at acute and sub-acute phases after myocardial infarction (MI). Immediately after MI, rats were infused with purified tissue kallikrein, with or without icatibant (a kinin B2 receptor antagonist). Intramyocardial injection of kallikrein reduced myocardial infarct size and inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis at 1 day after MI associated with increased nitric oxide levels, Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta phosphorylation and decreased caspase-3 activation. Kallikrein infusion for 7 days improved cardiac function, normalized left ventricular wall thickness and decreased monocyte/macrophage infiltration in the infarct heart. Kallikrein treatment reduced NADH oxidase expression and activity, superoxide formation and malondialdehyde levels, and reduced MAPK and Ikappa-Balpha phosphorylation, NF-kappaB activation and MCP-1 and VCAM-1 expression. Kallikrein's effects were all blocked by icatibant. These results indicate that kallikrein through kinin B2 receptor activation prevents apoptosis, inflammation and ventricular remodeling by increased nitric oxide formation and suppression of oxidative stress-mediated signaling pathways.
authors.affiliation: Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yu-Yu
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D008297:Male; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020840:Tissue Kallikreins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; C491766:Ccl2 protein, rat; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D016328:NF-kappa B; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; C065679:icatibant; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020840:Tissue Kallikreins; D001920:Bradykinin