title: Efficacy and limitations of natural killer cell depletion in cyclophosphamide-induced tolerance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We previously developed a cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced tolerance protocol, consisting of an intravenous injection of 1 x 10(8) donor spleen cells (SC) given on day 0 and an intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg/kg CP given on day 2. In the present study, we modified this protocol with natural killer cell (NK) depletion in recipient mice, and evaluated the efficacy of tolerance induction.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used B10.D2 (H-2d; IE+) and B10 (H-2b; IE-) mice as both donors and recipients. The recipient mice were treated with donor SC, CP, and donor bone marrow cells (BMCs) with or without NK depletion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A higher level of mixed chimerism was achieved in the NK-depleted recipients. Survival of both the skin and heart donor grafts was significantly prolonged in the NK-depleted recipients. Donor reactive Vbeta11+ T cells were found at the same level as in untreated control mice. Pretreatment with recipient NK cell depletion was effective in inducing higher levels of donor mixed chimerism; however, permanent engraftment of donor bone marrow was not achieved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Survival of donor grafts was remarkably prolonged in the NK cell-depleted group, but transplantation tolerance could not be induced. Our results suggest that NK cell depletion in CP-induced tolerance conditioning has some effect on the induction of donor-specific tolerance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okano
authors.forename: Toshiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwai
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kajiwara
authors.forename: Tatsushi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Onzuka
authors.forename: Ryuji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tominaga
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000276:immunology; D046528:Chimerism; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000276:immunology*; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000276:immunology*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000276:immunology*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology*; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D023421:Models, Animal; D055651:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D014181:Transplantation Immunology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D055651:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B; D003520:Cyclophosphamide