title: Inhibition of pancreatic and lung adenocarcinoma cell survival by curcumin is associated with increased apoptosis, down-regulation of COX-2 and EGFR and inhibition of Erk1/2 activity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies suggested that curcumin inhibits growth of malignant cells via inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity. Other studies indicated that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is also inhibited by curcumin in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, recent investigations revealed an intracellular cross-talk between EGFR signaling and the COX-2 pathway. Our aim was to evaluate whether the curcumin inhibitory effect on the survival of cancer cells is associated with simultaneous down-regulation of COX-2 and EGFR and inhibition of Erk1/2 (extra-cellular signal regulated kinase) signaling pathway.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lung and pancreas adenocarcinoma cell lines co-expressing COX-2 and EGFR (PC-14 and p34, respectively) and those expressing EGFR but deficient in COX-2 (H1299 and Panc-1, respectively) were exposed for 72 h to curcumin (0-50 microM). Cell viability was assessed by the XTT assay. Apoptosis was determined by FACS analysis. COX-2, EGFR, ErbB-2 and p-Erk1/2 expressions were measured by Western blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Curcumin's inhibitory effect on survival and apoptosis of lung and pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines was significantly higher in the COX-2-expressing cells than in the COX-2-deficient cells. In the p34 and PC-14 cells, curcumin decreased COX-2, EGFR and p-Erk1/2 expressions in a dose-dependent manner. However, in the Panc-1 and H1299 cell lines, which did not express COX-2, curcumin did not affect EGFR levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Curcumin co-inhibited COX-2 and EGFR expression and decreased Erk1/2 activity. This inhibition was associated with decreased survival and enhanced induction of apoptosis in lung and pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel.
authors.forename: Shahar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lev-Ari
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Starr
authors.forename: Akiva
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vexler
authors.forename: Vicki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Karaush
authors.forename: Vered
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Loew
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Greif
authors.forename: Eyal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fenig
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aderka
authors.forename: Rami
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ben-Yosef
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3