title: Wheat bran oil and its fractions inhibit human colon cancer cell growth and intestinal tumorigenesis in Apc(min/+) mice.
abstract: This study was designed to investigate the cancer preventive activities of wheat bran (WB) oil. We studied the colon cancer preventive effects of WB oil and its subfractions in the Apc(min/+) mouse model, a recognized mouse model for human colorectal cancer, and used human colon cancer cell lines (HCT-116 and HT-29) to identify possible active fractions in WB oil. Our results showed that the oil fraction of WB was more active than the water fraction against the growth of human colon cancer cell lines and that 2% WB oil significantly inhibited the overall tumorigenesis by 35.7% (p < 0.0001) in the Apc(min/+) mouse model. The WB oil was further fractioned into nonpolar lipids and phytochemicals and the phytochemical fraction was fractionated into phytosterols and phytosterol ferulates, 5-alk(en)ylresorcinols, and unidentified constituents by normal phase silica gel column chromatography. Results on cell culture showed that the phytochemical fraction had a higher inhibitory effect on HCT-116 human colon cancer cells than that of WB oil, whereas the nonpolar lipid fraction had less growth inhibitory effectiveness. However, neither fractions showed a stronger inhibition than WB oil in the Apc(min/+) mouse model. The current results demonstrate, for the first time, the intestinal cancer preventive activity of WB oil. The active ingredients, however, remain to be identified.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 164 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8020, USA.
authors.forename: Shengmin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sang
authors.forename: Jihyeung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.forename: Joshua D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jungil
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Mousumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bose
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Naisheng
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Kan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Bandaru S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Chi-Tang
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Frederick
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chung S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007414:Intestinal Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D010938:Plant Oils