title: Exploring the subconcepts of the Wittmann-Price theory of emancipated decision-making in women's health care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the subconcepts of the Wittmann-Price Theory of Emancipated Decision-Making (EDM); which is proposed as a new theoretical model for the nursing care of women to increase women's satisfaction with decision-making about healthcare issues. Infant feeding method was used as the clinical exemplar.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive correlational design was used to test the five identified subconcepts of EDM (empowerment, flexible environment, personal knowledge, reflection, and social norms) in women's healthcare. The relationship of emancipated decision-making and satisfaction were explored with the Subject Demographic Questionnaire (SDQ), the Wittmann-Price Theory of Emancipated Decision-making Scale (EDMS), and the Satisfaction with Decision (SWD) scale. The research design was retrospective, without random sampling of subjects. Four research questions were posed for this investigation. Women who had uncomplicated deliveries and met the selected criteria were enrolled (N=97).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All five subconcepts of EDM were scored on subscales on the EDMS; flexible environment and personal knowledge had the highest mean scores. Pearson correlations showed that all five subscales were significantly related to each other except reflection with personal knowledge and reflection with social norms. A significant relationship was found between the EDM and satisfaction with the decision. Personal knowledge and flexible environment were the best predictors of satisfaction with the decision.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Wittmann-Price Theory of EDM is a theoretical model with implications for nursing care of women who are involved in a healthcare decision, such as choice of infant feeding. Further studies are needed to determine the importance of each of the subconcepts in relation to emancipated decision-making.
authors.affiliation: DeSales University, 2755 Station Avenue, Center Valley, PA 18034, USA. rwp0@desales.edu
authors.forename: Ruth A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Wittmann-Price
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001903:Bottle Feeding; D001942:Breast Feeding; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D009511:New England; D009729:Nursing; D011209:Power, Psychological; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012945:Social Values; D016387:Women's Health