title: Re-ingestion of Plasmodium berghei sporozoites after delivery into the host by mosquitoes.
abstract: Malaria-infected mosquitoes feeding on a mammalian host inject sporozoites into the skin to induce a malaria infection. The numbers of sporozoites ultimately able to reach the liver may be important determinants of the characteristics of the ensuing blood infection. Because feeding mosquitoes not only inject sporozoites into the host but concomitantly ingest blood to obtain their bloodmeal, some sporozoites are re-ingested by the feeding mosquito. We studied transmission of fluorescent Plasmodium berghei sporozoites injected into mice by Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes and found that the numbers of sporozoites re-ingested by mosquitoes are comparable to numbers previously reported to be delivered directly into mice. Thus, re-ingestion of sporozoites likely plays a significant role in transmission dynamics of malaria by mosquitoes, and may account for the failure of some sporozoite-infected mosquitoes to induce a blood infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Parasitology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA.
authors.forename: Chahnaz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kebaier
authors.forename: Jerome P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Vanderberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D009033:Culicidae / Q000469:parasitology*; D004064:Digestive System / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings / Q000469:parasitology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C / Q000469:parasitology; D010962:Plasmodium berghei / Q000502:physiology*; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000469:parasitology; D012867:Skin / Q000469:parasitology*