title: [Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) primary (PAPS) and secondary (SAPS)].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During the last decade, a wide variety of clinical manifestations and serological disturbances have been described associated to APS. However the real prevalence of most clinical manifestations with several autoantibody-cofactor systems still needs precise epidemiological and clinical long-term study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of frequency clinical and serological symptoms of SLE and APS in PAPS and SAPS pts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two groups of pts were analyzed: 78 SAPS (76F+2M) and 43 PAPS (32F+11M). All pts met Sapporo criteria for APS and SAPS pts met ARA criteria for SLE. Epidemiological, clinical and serological data were collected during 1995-2005 in the Connective Tissue Disease, Institute of Rheumatology, Warsaw, Poland and modified in 2005 according to actual directive line.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PAPS pts were younger at the onset of the disease compare to SAPS pts. Duration time of the disease to set up the diagnosis as well as observation time was shorter in PAPS pts. Separated PAPS pts showed no more than two ARA criteria for SLE. All clinical ARA criteria for SLE occurred more often in SAPS pts. Also recurrent miscarriages, livedo reticularis and anti AnnexinV abs occurred more often in these pts. Pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis and IgM aCL, LAC, anti beta2GP1, oxyLDL abs occurred more often in PAPS pts. Arterial thrombosis, migraine, crural ulceration, thrombocytopenia, false positive VDRL and IgG aCL abs were detected in almost the same percentage in both groups of pts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Men are less affected with SAPS. Wide variety of clinical SLE symptoms and immunological disturbances are more frequent in SAPS pts. Also in these pts recurrent miscarriages, livedo reticularis and anti AnnexinV abs occur more often. However pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis with LAC, anti beta2GP1, IgM aCl, anti oxyLDL occur in less frequency in SAPS pts. The presence of arterial thrombosis, migraine, crural ulceration, thrombocytopenia, false positive VDRL and aCL IgG were almost in the same percentage in both groups of pts. Precise determination of the link between clinical symptoms of the APS and antibody-cofactor system needs future study on a bigger sample of pts.
authors.affiliation: Klinika Chorób Tkanki Lacznej, Warszawa.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chwalińska-Sadowska
authors.forename: Martyna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meissner
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wudarski
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zabek
authors.forename: Bozena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wojciechowska
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000453:epidemiology; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000097:blood; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000453:epidemiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid