title: Validity, reliability and objectivity of the family history method in psychiatry: a meta analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The family history is a widely used method in psychiatry; but data on the method's objectivity, reliability and validity shows partly diverging results.
  
  
  METHODS
  In October 2005, a Medline search was conducted that yielded 7 studies regarding objectivity/reliability and 13 studies regarding validity. Results for six main groups of psychiatric diagnoses and any mental disorder were combined qualitatively for objectivity/reliability, and quantitatively for validity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Objectivity was generally high (kappa in the 0.80 range). Reliability was high for any mental disorder, schizophrenia, substance abuse and depression (kappa in the 0.70 range), and low or medium for anxiety (kappa between 0.30 and 0.50). Results on validity displayed an OR=148 for the family history for schizophrenia; OR=64 for mania/bipolar disorder; and OR's between 8 and 194 for substance abuse, between 3 and 37 for depression, between 5 and 350 for personality disorders, between 2.5 and 49 for anxiety, and between 2.4 and 9 for any mental disorder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is clear evidence that the family history provides results that are better than chance for all disorders examined. But variance among diagnostic groups and among studies is considerable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosomatic Medizin and Psychotherapy, University of Duesseldorf, Bergische Landstr. 2, D-40692 Duesseldorf, Germany. jochen.hardt@gmx.de
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hardt
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Franke
mesh_terms: D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008487:Medical History Taking / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity