title: Modulating cofactors of acute lung injury 2005-2006: any closer to 'prime time'?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Considerable progress has recently been made in understanding the modulation of acute lung injury by cofactors that are not traditionally considered 'pulmonary' in nature. We will review findings regarding some of these extrapulmonary cofactors, focusing on those most readily manipulated in the current clinical setting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recent studies have demonstrated that limiting fluid administration in the setting of acute lung injury might improve surrogate outcomes; that hypercapnea and induced hypothermia might protect against or attenuate acute lung injury; that corticosteroids can improve mechanics but not mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome; a potential role for concomitant administration of colloid and diuretic in acute lung injury; and the potential benefits of inhaled beta agonists in acute lung injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are a number of simple, low-cost, and rapidly deployable approaches to reducing the severity of acute lung injury that are not directly pulmonary in origin. These interventions could be rapidly implemented in any intensive care unit, once evidence for their efficacy and safety is adequate.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, PA 15261, USA. HotchkissJR@upmc.edu
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hotchkiss
authors.forename: Alain F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Broccard
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003102:Colloids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D006801:Humans; D006935:Hypercapnia; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D003102:Colloids; D004232:Diuretics