title: Late clinical events after clopidogrel discontinuation may limit the benefit of drug-eluting stents: an observational study of drug-eluting versus bare-metal stents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to define the incidence of late clinical events and late stent thrombosis in patients treated with drug-eluting (DES) versus bare-metal stents (BMS) after the discontinuation of clopidogrel as well as their timing and outcome.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  There is growing concern that delayed endothelialization after DES implantation may lead to late stent thrombosis and related myocardial infarction (MI) or death. However, event rates and outcomes after clopidogrel discontinuation versus BMS are unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive series of 746 nonselected patients with 1,133 stented lesions surviving 6 months without major events were followed for 1 year after the discontinuation of clopidogrel. Patients were assigned randomly 2:1 to DES versus BMS in BASKET (Basel Stent Kosten Effektivitäts Trial). The primary focus of this observation was cardiac death/MI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rates of 18-month cardiac death/MI were not different between DES and BMS patients. However, after the discontinuation of clopidogrel (between months 7 and 18), these events occurred in 4.9% after DES versus 1.3% after BMS implantation. Target vessel revascularization remained lower after DES, resulting in similar rates of all clinical events for this time period (DES 9.3%, BMS 7.9%). Documented late stent thrombosis and related death/target vessel MI were twice as frequent after DES versus BMS (2.6% vs. 1.3%). Thrombosis-related events occurred between 15 and 362 days after the discontinuation of clopidogrel, presenting as MI or death in 88%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After the discontinuation of clopidogrel, the benefit of DES in reducing target vessel revascularization is maintained but has to be balanced against an increase in late cardiac death or nonfatal MI, possibly related to late stent thrombosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland. pfisterer@email.ch
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pfisterer
authors.forename: Hans Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Brunner-La Rocca
authors.forename: Peter T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Buser
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rickenbacher
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hunziker
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Raban
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jeger
authors.forename: Franziska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bader
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Osswald
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kaiser
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000628:therapy*; D003328:Coronary Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015607:Stents; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine; D017239:Paclitaxel; D020123:Sirolimus