title: Effects of Anemarrhena asphodeloides on focal ischemic brain injury induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.
abstract: The preventive effect of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge (Liliaceae), a traditional Chinese medicine, on ischemia-reperfusion-induced brain injury was evaluated in the rat brain. Ischemia was induced by intraluminal occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery for 2 h and reperfusion was continued for 22 h. Water extract of Anemarrhena asphodeloides (WEAA) was orally administered promptly prior to and 2 h after reperfusion. Total infarct volume and edema in the ipsilateral hemispheres of ischemia-reperfusion rats were significantly reduced by treatment with WEAA in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05). The therapeutic time window of WEAA was 3 h in this ischemia-reperfusion rat model. WEAA also significantly inhibited increased neutrophil infiltration of ischemic brain tissue as estimated by myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and immunohistochemical analysis. MPO-positive cells were markedly reduced by WEAA administration in striatal and cortical areas. These findings suggest that WEAA plays a crucial protective role in ischemia-induced brain injury, and suggest that WEAA could serve as a lead medicinal herb for the development of neuroprotective agents following transient focal ischemic brain injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Kyung
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Seung Ye
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Hyun
authors.forename: Hye Rim
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Ji Wook
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Chan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sun-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ji Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sun Yeou
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ki Hoon
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young Kyun
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jong Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ryu
mesh_terms: D031403:Anemarrhena; D000818:Animals; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006834:Hydrazines / Q000737:chemistry; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000150:complications*; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000187:drug effects; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010851:Picrates; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D027343:Rhizome; D012503:Saponins / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D006834:Hydrazines; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010851:Picrates; D012503:Saponins; D014315:Triterpenes; C073427:anemarsaponin B; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D009195:Peroxidase