title: Virotherapy with a type 2 herpes simplex virus-derived oncolytic virus induces potent antitumor immunity against neuroblastoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We recently constructed an oncolytic virus from type 2 herpes simplex virus (HSV-2) that selectively targets and kills tumor cells with an activated Ras signaling pathway. Designated FusOn-H2, this virus has shown several discrete killing mechanisms. Here, we evaluated the antitumor immune responses after FusOn-H2-mediated virotherapy in a syngeneic murine neuroblastoma model.
  
  
  METHODS
  We directly injected FusOn-H2 into established tumors and then measured its antitumor effect and the accompanying tumor-specific immune responses. Several oncolytic HSVs constructed from HSV-1 were included in the same experiments for comparisons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our data show that tumor destruction by FusOn-H2 in vivo induces potent antitumor immune responses in this syngeneic neuroblastoma model. The elicited cellular immunity not only eradicated neuroblastoma cells in vitro but also inhibited the growth of tumors at sites distant from the virus injection site. Moreover, adoptive transfer of splenocytes from mice receiving virotherapy to naïve mice resulted in a measurable antitumor effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the ability of FusOn-H2 to induce tumor-specific cellular immunity expands the oncolytic repertoire of this virus and increases the likelihood that its use in patients would produce significant therapeutic benefits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Hongtao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Aurelie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dutuor
authors.forename: Lihua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Xinping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Xiaoliu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000378:metabolism*; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D050130:Oncolytic Virotherapy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D050504:Oncolytic Viruses / Q000378:metabolism*; D010641:Phenotype; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents