title: Giant macrocycles composed of thiophene, acetylene, and ethylene building blocks.
abstract: Fully conjugated giant macrocyclic oligothiophenes with 60pi, 90pi,120pi, 150pi, and 180pi frames (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) have been designed, and their butyl-substituted derivatives (1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, and 5a) have been synthesized using modified Sonogashira and McMurry coupling reactions as key steps. The 60-180pi systems 1-5 are circular with 1.8-6 nm inner cavities and 3.3-7.5 nm outside molecular diameters. Compound 1a containing ten 3,4-dibutyl-2,5-thienylene, eight ethynylene, and two vinylene units has been converted into macrocyclic oligo(3,4-dibutyl-2,5-thienylene-ethynylene) 6a using bromination/dehydrobromination procedure. Giant macrocycles 1a-6a exhibit a red shift of their absorption spectra and a fairly strong fluorescence with a large Stokes shift as compared to a linear conjugated counterpart having five thiophene rings. Compounds 1a-6a exhibit multistep reversible redox behaviors with fairly low first oxidation potentials, reflecting their cyclic conjugation. Furthermore, chemical oxidation of 1a-6a with FeCl3 shows drastic changes of spectroscopic properties due to intramolecular and intermolecular pi-pi interactions. Doping of 1a-3a with iodine forms semiconductor due to its pi-donor properties and pi-pi stacking ability. X-ray analysis of 1a confirmed a round, planar structure with nanoscale inner cavity, and revealed host ability for alkanes and unique packing structure. Interestingly, 2a and 3a self-aggregate in the solid state to form "molecular wires," which are about 200 nm thick and more than 1 mm long. The internal structures of fibrous aggregates have been investigated by optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analyses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Tomoya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamachi
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuwatani
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyasaka
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishinaga
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iyoda
mesh_terms: D000114:Acetylene / Q000737:chemistry*; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004583:Electrons; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D047028:Macrocyclic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005030:Ethylenes; D047028:Macrocyclic Compounds; D013876:Thiophenes; C036216:ethylene; D000114:Acetylene