title: A naturalistic evaluation of intramuscular ziprasidone versus intramuscular olanzapine for the management of acute agitation and aggression in children and adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of intramuscular ziprasidone versus intramuscular (i.m.) olanzapine in treating aggression in youth.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review of 100 hospitalized patients less than 18 years of age treated with either i.m. ziprasidone or i.m. olanzapine for agitation or aggression was conducted. Comparisons were performed using statistical analysis of data collected from medical records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline demographics were similar in the i.m. olanzapine and ziprasidone treatment groups regarding age and ethnicity; however, gender differences did reach statistical significance (p < 0.001). Dosing between children and adolescents significantly differed in the olanzapine group, whereas dosing was comparable in the ziprasidone group. No significant differences between the olanzapine and ziprasidone treatment groups were noted regarding length of stay, efficacy of the study medications, number of restraints, and duration of restraints. Ziprasidone subjects received significantly more doses of emergency medication during their hospital stay and significantly more doses of ziprasidone were administered with concomitant lorazepam or antihistamines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest i.m. ziprasidone and intramuscular olanzapine may be equally effective in treating aggression in youth. These agents may also be similar with regard to safety because no clinically significant adverse events were reported for either treatment group. The possibility of poor documentation of adverse events and side effects prevents formulating definitive conclusions regarding safety from this study.
authors.affiliation: Austin Psychiatry Residency Program, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Services, Austin State Hospital, Austin, Texas, USA. shamimaskhan@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Shamima S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Mican
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000374:Aggression / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000523:psychology; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007297:Inpatients; D008297:Male; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010879:Piperazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D010879:Piperazines; D013844:Thiazoles; D001569:Benzodiazepines; C092292:ziprasidone; D000077152:Olanzapine