title: An easy RHD genotyping strategy for D- East Asian persons applied to Korean blood donors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In East Asian populations RHD alleles are known to occur frequently among D- donors, requiring suitable genotyping strategies. The molecular basis of the "RHD(el)" allele previously reported in Taiwan to harbor a genomic 1013-bp deletion was questioned by several authors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The presence of the RHD gene was investigated in 126 random serologic D- blood donors from Gwangju, southwest Korea. Four donors who typed weakly positive for the D antigen were also analyzed. RH alleles were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with sequence-specific priming (PCR-SSP) or nucleotide sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-five percent of the serologically D- samples lacked the RHD gene, 10 percent carried the hybrid RHD-CE(2-9)-D2 or RHD-CE(2-7)-D2 alleles, 13 percent represented the RHD(K409K), and 2 percent were weak D type 15 and type 17. Among the four donors typing weak D, two carried weak D type 15, one RHD(K409K), and one the novel weak D type 43. Critical molecular characteristics of RHD(K409K) and its population frequencies were indistinguishable to those reported for the RHDel allele.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Korean RHD allele frequencies are comparable to Chinese and Japanese frequencies. It is concluded that the RHDel allele may actually not exist but is identical to RHD(K409K). A practical RHD genotyping strategy applicable to D- donors in all East Asian populations was devised. The strategy requires four PCR-SSP procedures only for RHD intron 4 and exon 7 as well as RHD(K409K) and non-RHD(K409K).
authors.affiliation: Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Timo A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Luettringhaus
authors.forename: Duck
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Dong Wook
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Ryang
authors.forename: Willy A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Flegel
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001782:Blood Donors; D005091:Exons; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010641:Phenotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System; C026410:Rho(D) antigen