title: Levobupivacaine 0.75% vs. lidocaine 4% for topical anaesthesia: a clinical comparison in cataract surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of topical levobupivacaine drops 0.75% vs. lidocaine drops 4% in cataract surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 203 patients undergoing cataract surgery by phacoemulsification. They were randomized into two groups: one received four drops of lidocaine 4% and the other received four drops of levobupivacaine 0.75%. The onset and offset times of sensory block were evaluated. Application, intraoperative and postoperative subjective pain was quantified by the patients using a verbal pain score. Complications, rates of supplemental anaesthesia, and the satisfaction of surgeon and patients were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean sensory onset and offset times were significantly higher for the levobupivacaine group (P < 0.01). Pain score was lower in the levobupivacaine group than in the lidocaine one and the difference was statistically significant at all stages (P < 0.01). The mean satisfaction scores of patients and surgeon were also statistically higher for levobupivacaine (P < 0.01). No significant differences for complications and rates of supplemental anaesthesia were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topical levobupivacaine 0.75% shows the same efficacy and safety as lidocaine 4% in cataract surgery by phacoemulsification. There was an adequate block with a good level of satisfaction of surgeon and patients. Levobupivacaine 0.75% offers a new and acceptable choice for topical anaesthesia in cataract surgery.
authors.affiliation: Concordia Hospital for Special Surgery, Department of Anesthesia, Resuscitation and Pain Management, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Donato
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fontana
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lancia
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Di Giorgio
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reali
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caricati
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002387:Cataract Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077554:Levobupivacaine; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine; D000077554:Levobupivacaine; D002045:Bupivacaine