title: Phone use and crashes while driving: A representative survey of drivers in two Australian states.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the use and effects of using mobile phones while driving.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  New South Wales and Western Australia, 20 October to 7 November 2003.
  
  
  METHODS
  1347 licensed drivers aged 18 to 65 years. Data were weighted to reflect the corresponding driving population in each state.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mobile phone use while driving (hand-held, hands-free and text messaging); adverse effects of use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While driving, an estimated 57.3% +/- 1.5% of drivers have ever used a mobile phone and 12.4% +/- 1.0% have written text messages. Men, younger drivers and metropolitan residents were more likely to use a phone while driving and to report a higher frequency of use. Enforcement of hand-held phone restrictions was perceived to be low (69.0% +/- 1.5%) and an estimated 39.4% +/- 2.1% of people who phone while driving use a hand-held phone. Half of all drivers (50.1% +/- 1.6%) did not agree with extending the ban to include hands-free phones. Among drivers aged 18-65 years in NSW and WA, an estimated 45 800 +/- 16 466 (0.9% +/- 0.3%) have ever had a crash while using a mobile phone and, in the past year, 146 762 +/- 26 856 (3.0% +/- 0.6%) have had to take evasive action to avoid a crash because of their phone use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Phone use while driving is prevalent and can result in adverse consequences, including crashes. Despite legislation, a significant proportion of drivers continue to use hand-held mobile phones while driving. Enhanced enforcement is needed.
authors.affiliation: The George Institute for International Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia. smcevoy@george.org.au
authors.forename: Suzanne P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: McEvoy
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Woodward
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D001290:Attitude; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D040421:Cell Phone / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009517:New South Wales; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014904:Western Australia