title: Ability of neuron-specific enolase to predict survival to hospital discharge after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Accurate prediction of survival to hospital discharge in patients who achieve return of spontaneous circulation after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has significant ethical and socioeconomic implications. We investigated the prognostic performance of serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE), a biochemical marker of ischemic brain injury, after successful CPR.
  
  
  METHODS
  In-hospital or out-of-hospital patients with nontraumatic normothermic cardiac arrest who achieved return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) following at least 5 minutes of CPR were eligible. Neuron-specific enolase levels were assessed immediately, 6 hours, 12 hours and 2 days after ROSC. Subjects were followed to death or hospital discharge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen patients (7 men, 10 women) were enrolled during a 1-year period. Median (range) NSE levels in survivors and non-survivors respectively were as follows: immediately after ROSC: 14.0 microg/L (9.1-51.4 microg/L) versus 25.9 microg/L (10.2-57.5 microg/L); 6 hours after ROSC: 15.2 microg/L (9.7-30.8 microg/L) versus 25.6 microg/L (12.7-38.2 microg/L); 12 hours after ROSC: 14.0 microg/L (8.6-32.4 microg/L) versus 28.5 microg/L (11.0-50.7 microg/L); and 48 hours after ROSC: 13.1 microg/L (7.8-29.5 microg/L) versus 52.0 microg/L (29.1-254.0 microg/L). Non-survivors had significantly higher NSE levels 48 hours after ROSC than surivors (p = 0.04) and showed a trend toward higher values during the entire time course following ROSC. An NSE concentration of >30 microg/L 48 hours after ROSC predicted death with a high specificity (100%: 95% confidence interval [CI] 85%-100%), and a level of 29 microg/L or less at 48 hours predicted survival with a high specificity (100%: 95% CI 83%-100%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum NSE levels may have clinical utility for the prediction of survival to hospital discharge in patients after ROSC following CPR over 5 minutes in duration. This study is small, and our results are limited by wide confidence intervals. Further research on ability of NSE to facilitate prediction and clinical decision-making after cardiac arrest is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Institute of Laboratory Medicine I, General Hospital Wels, Austria. johann.auer@klinikum-wels.at
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Auer
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Berent
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Porodko
authors.forename: Gudrun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lamm
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lassnig
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maurer
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mayr
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Punzengruber
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Eber
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001317:Austria; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010351:Patient Discharge; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000097:blood*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase