title: In vivo knee kinematics during gait reveals new rotation profiles and smaller translations.
abstract: In order to identify abnormal or pathological motions associated with clinically relevant questions such as injury mechanisms or factors leading to joint degeneration, it is essential to determine the range of normal tibiofemoral motion of the healthy knee. In this study we measured in vivo 3D tibiofemoral motion of the knee during gait and characterized the nonsagittal plane rotations and translations in a group of six healthy young adults. The subjects were instrumented with markers placed on intracortical pins inserted into the tibia and femur as well as marker clusters placed on the skin of the thigh and shank. The secondary rotations and translation excursions of the knee were much smaller than those derived from skin markers and previously described in the literature. Also, for a given knee flexion angle, multiple combinations of transverse and frontal plane knee translation or rotation positions were found. This represents normal knee joint motions and ensemble averaging of gait data may mask this important subject-specific information.
authors.affiliation: School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada. dbenoit@magma.ca
authors.forename: Daniel L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Benoit
authors.forename: Dan K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Ramsey
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lamontagne
authors.forename: Lanyi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wretenberg
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Renström
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005269:Femur / Q000502:physiology; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D013977:Tibia / Q000502:physiology