title: Comparison of diphenhydramine and lidocaine for prevention of pain after injection of propofol: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pain on injection is still a problem with propofol. The purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of diphenhydramine and lidocaine on pain caused by propofol at the site of injection.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and eighty ASA I-II adults undergoing elective surgery were randomly assigned into three groups of 60 each. Group I (placebo) received 2 mL normal saline, Group II received 2 mL (40 mg) 2% lidocaine and Group III received 2 mL (20 mg) diphenhydramine intravenously (i.v.) during a 1-min venous occlusion, followed by propofol into a cephalic forearm vein of the antecubital fossa. Pain assessment was made immediately after propofol injection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the placebo group 25 (41.7%) patients experienced pain during propofol injection as compared to 2 (3.3%) and 3 (5.0%) in the lidocaine and diphenhydramine groups, respectively. The prevalence of pain and pain score were significantly less in both the lidocaine and diphenhydramine groups than in the placebo group (P = 0.00). No difference was found between the diphenhydramine and lidocaine groups (P = 0.60).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Previous injection of diphenhydramine with venous occlusion can be considered as an alternative to lidocaine for reducing the prevalence of pain caused by injection of propofol into peripheral veins.
authors.affiliation: Ozel Konya Hospital, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Turkey. sapiliogullari@yahoo.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Apiliogullari
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Keles
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Apiliogullari
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balasar
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Duman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004155:Diphenhydramine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D004155:Diphenhydramine; D008012:Lidocaine; D015742:Propofol