title: Laparoscopic Witzel gastrostomy--a reappraised technique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic gastrostomy is the best alternative for long-term enteral feeding when percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is not possible. The aim of the present study was to determine the feasibility, complications, adequacy of feeding support, and tolerability of laparoscopic Witzel gastrostomy (LWG) in head and neck cancer patients. The initial results and the results of extended follow-up were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive series of 48 patients with stenotic head and neck or esophageal cancer were referred for laparoscopic gastrostomy. The patients consisted of 42 men and 6 women aged 36 to 82 years (mean, 54 years). After laparoscopic placement of a Foley catheter of 16 F into the stomach, a seromuscular tunnel 4 cm in length is created, embedding the catheter by interrupted sutures. Three stay sutures for gastropexy are fixed and tied on the abdominal skin at the end of the procedure. The mean duration of the procedure was 62.4 +/- 11 min (52-124 min).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Laparoscopic Witzel gastrostomy could be performed successfully in all patients with aerodigestive cancer. None of the laparoscopic gastrostomy tube placement procedures was converted to an open surgery, and none of the 48 patients in this series died as a result of the laparoscopic procedure. All LWG complications (11%) were minor, consisting of superficial wound infections, balloon rupture, and chronic granulation. No major complications were encountered. The mean usage time of gastrostomy was 6.3 +/- 5.3 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current techniques of LWG could be an alternative to percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) for long-term enteral access, because it has proved to be safe and reproducible with relatively few complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan.
authors.forename: J-S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: C-F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: F-M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: J-Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: T-J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D004750:Enteral Nutrition / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005774:Gastrostomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome