title: Goblet cell carcinoid tumors (adenocarcinoid) of the appendix.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Goblet cell appendiceal carcinoids represent rare tumors that exhibit histologic features of both adenocarcinomas and neuroendocrine tumors. We present the long-term results of a series of 15 patients, focusing on clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight male and seven female patients (median age, 52.8 years) were included. Final diagnosis was confirmed by histology. Patients were evaluated clinically, biochemically, and radiologically every four months. Median follow-up was 30 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of patients (7/15) presented with symptoms compatible with acute appendicitis. Right hemicolectomy was performed in all except one, who subsequently developed metastases. Three patients had metastases at previous diagnosis. Plasma chromogranin-A was slightly elevated in two of them, while urinary 5-hydroxy-indol-acetic acid was normal. (111)Indium-labeled octreotide scintigraphy was positive only in two of the four patients with metastases. Ki67 index was greater than 20 percent in all of them, while in only one with local tumor. Combination chemotherapy with either cisplatin plus etoposide or with 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, and streptozotocin was administered to all patients with metastases resulting in temporary stabilization of disease. Twelve patients are alive, while three died of their disease 9, 13, and 14 months after diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diagnostic value of chromogranin-A, urinary 5-hydroxy-indol-acetic acid, and (111)Indium-labeled octreotide scintigraphy seems to be limited in these tumors. Ki67 index appears to predict tumor behavior. Right hemicolectomy may reduce the risk of developing metastases. Chemotherapy may have efficacy in metastatic disease, however, more data are required to determine this and the optimal regimen.
authors.affiliation: Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, Centre for Gastroenterology, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Toumpanakis
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Standish
authors.forename: Elora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baishnab
authors.forename: Mark C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Winslet
authors.forename: Martyn E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Caplin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001062:Appendectomy; D001063:Appendiceal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003082:Colectomy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013311:Streptozocin / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D013311:Streptozocin; D005047:Etoposide; D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil