title: Enterobacteriaceae in dehydrated powdered infant formula manufactured in Indonesia and Malaysia.
abstract: To determine the occurrence of Salmonella and Shigella in infant formula from Southeast Asia, 74 packages of dehydrated powdered infant follow-on formula (recommended age, > 4 months) from five different manufacturers, four from Indonesia and one from Malaysia, were analyzed. None of the 25-g test portions yielded Salmonella or Shigella. However, further identification of colonies growing on selective media used for Salmonella and Shigella detection revealed the frequent occurrence of several other Enterobacteriaceae species. A total of 35 samples (47%) were positive for Enterobacteriaceae. Ten samples (13.5%) from two Indonesian manufacturers yielded Enterobacter sakazakii. Other Enterobacteriaceae isolated included Pantoea spp. (n = 12), Escherichia hermanii (n = 10), Enterobacter cloacae (n = 8), Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae (n = 3), Citrobacter spp. (n = 2), Serratia spp. (n = 2), and Escherichia coli (n = 2). To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe the contamination of dehydrated powdered infant formula from Indonesia with E. sakazakii and several other Enterobacteriaceae that could be opportunistic pathogens. Improper preparation and conservation of these products could result in a health risk for infants in Indonesia.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Jalan Agatis Kampus IPB Darmaga, 16680 Bogor, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Sri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Estuningsih
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kress
authors.forename: Abdulwahed A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Akineden
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Ewald
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Usleber
mesh_terms: D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D007223:Infant; D041943:Infant Formula; D008296:Malaysia; D012475:Salmonella / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012760:Shigella / Q000302:isolation & purification