title: Feeding live cultures of Enterococcus faecium and Saccharomyces cerevisiae induces an inflammatory response in feedlot steers.
abstract: Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of oral supplementation of the lactic-acid-producing bacterium Enterococcus faecium EF212 alone or in combination with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) on mediators of the acute phase response in feedlot steers. Eight fistulated steers were used to study the effects of E. faecium alone or with yeast in a crossover design with 2 Latin squares, 4 steers within each square, and 2 periods. The length of each period was 3 wk, with a 10-d adaptation and an 11-d measurement period. The experimental diet contained 87% steam-rolled barley, 8% whole-crop barley silage, and 5% supplement (DM basis). In Exp. 1, treatments were control vs. the lactic-acid-producing bacterium E. faecium (6 x 10(10) cfu/d). In Exp. 2, treatments were control vs. E. faecium (6 x 10(10) cfu/d) and S. cerevisiae (6 x 10(10) cfu/d). The bacteria and yeast supplements were blended with calcium carbonate to supply 6 x 10(10) cfu/d when top-dressed into the diet once daily at the time of feeding (10 g/d). Steers fed the control diet received only carrier (10 g/d). Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein on d 17 and 21 of each period, and serum amyloid A (SAA), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), haptoglobin, and alpha1-acid glycoprotein (alpha1-AGP) were measured. Supplementation of feed with E. faecium had no effect on concentrations of SAA, LBP, haptoglobin, or alpha1-AGP in plasma compared with those of controls. However, feeding E. faecium and yeast increased (P = 0.02) plasma concentrations of SAA, LBP, and haptoglobin but had no effect on plasma alpha1-AGP. In conclusion, oral supplementation of E. faecium alone had no effect on the mediators of the acute phase response that were measured, whereas feeding of E. faecium and yeast induced an inflammatory response in feedlot steers fed high-grain diets. Further research is warranted to determine the mechanism(s) by which E. faecium and yeast stimulated production of acute phase proteins in feedlot steers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada T6G 2P5.
authors.forename: D G V
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Emmanuel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jafari
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Beauchemin
authors.forename: J A Z
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Leedle
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Ametaj
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D000210:Acute-Phase Reaction / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000097:blood; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D016984:Enterococcus faecium / Q000502:physiology*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006242:Haptoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000502:physiology*; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D000099231:Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D006242:Haptoglobins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein; D000099231:Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein