title: Transdifferentiation of porcine satellite cells to adipoblasts with ciglitizone.
abstract: Ciglitizone, a class of thiazolidinediones, acts as a potent activator of the adipose differentiation program in established preadipose cell lines. Thiazolidinediones have also been investigated in diabetic patients and have been reported to act as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands. Intramuscular adipogenesis or marbling through transdifferentiation of satellite cells in cattle was successfully conducted earlier. In this report, the effects of ciglitizone on the differentiation pathway of porcine myogenic satellite cells was investigated. Semitendinosus muscle was aseptically taken from 10-d-old piglets under general anesthesia, and porcine satellite cells were obtained and grown to near confluence. Postconfluent cells (d 0) were further cultured in differentiation medium containing an adipogenic mixture plus ciglitizone (10 microM) for 48 h. From d 2 onward, the cells were cultured only in the presence of ciglitizone until d 10. Controls were cultured in differentiation medium only. Exposure of porcine satellite cells to the adipogenic mixture plus ciglitizone generated lipid droplets on d 2, and subsequently, exposure of cells to ciglitizone alone helped in cytoplasmic lipid filling, providing them with the acquisition of adipocyte morphology. An increase (P < 0.05) in the fusion (structures containing 2 to 3 nuclei) of satellite cells was observed, and myosin heavy chain appeared with greater intensity (immunohistochemistry) in the control group from d 2 onward. Adipocyte-specific transcriptional factors (i.e., CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-alpha and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma) were predominant during transdifferentiation and were observed with immunohistochemistry, Western blot (approximately 47.2 and approximately 60.4 kDa, respectively), and real-time PCR. Ciglitizone appeared to convert the differentiation pathway of satellite cells into that of adipoblasts.
authors.affiliation: Product and Utility Division, National Livestock Research Institute, Suwon 441-350, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D022763:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D032496:Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013552:Swine; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D022763:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha; D047495:PPAR gamma; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; C039671:ciglitazone