title: Thyroid function, endothelium, and inflammation in hemodialyzed patients: possible relations?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Renal function affects the thyroid gland in many ways. Disturbances in hemostasis and inflammation are common complications of kidney diseases. Endothelial dysfunction may link these two processes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study on thyroid hormones in relation to markers of endothelial damage and inflammation in 96 hemodialyzed (HD) patients and 39 healthy volunteers was performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study took place in the dialysis unit at a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thyroid hormones, markers of endothelial damage (von Willebrand factor, thrombomodulin, intracellular adhesion molecule, and CD146), markers of inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor alpha), other hemostatic parameters (thrombin-antithrombin complexes, prothrombin fragments 1 + 2 - F1 + 2, plasmin-antiplasmin complexes, tissue plasminogen activator and its inhibitor, tissue factor pathway inhibitor, and platelet glycoprotein V) were measured using commercially available kits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Free T3 and total T3 were lower in HD patients compared with controls. Markers of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation were significantly elevated in HD patients compared with controls. In multiple regression analysis T3 was independently related to time on dialyses, albumin, iron, ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and F1 + 2 in HD patients. Free T3 was also independently related to total protein, total calcium, and triglycerides. In patients with CRP less than 6 mg/L in multiple regression analysis the only correlates of T3 were albumin and ferritin, whereas the only correlates of free T3 were albumin and time on dialyses. Multiple regression analysis showed that in HD patients with CRP greater than equal to 6 mg/L predictors of free T3 were CRP, F1 + 2, and dose of erythropoietin. In healthy volunteers T3 was related to tissue factor pathway inhibitor and platelet glycoprotein V was related to thyroid-stimulating hormone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We described novel relations between thyroid hormones and markers of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in HD patients. Thyroid dysfunction is related to time on dialyses, endothelial damage, and inflammatory state, frequently encountered in uremia. Therefore, the relations between thyroid axis and endothelium in HD subjects merit additional studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Transplantology, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland. jolmal@poczta.onet.pl
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Malyszko
authors.forename: Jacek S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Malyszko
authors.forename: Krystyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pawlak
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mysliwiec
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000503:physiopathology; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D013963:Thyroid Hormones