title: In vivo inhibition of growth of human tumor lines by flavonoid fractions from cranberry extract.
abstract: Edible fruits and berries may serve as sources for novel anticancer agents, given that extracts of these foods have demonstrated cytotoxic activity against tumor cell lines. Semipurified, flavonoid-rich extracts of cranberry (Vaccinia macrocarpa) were shown previously to arrest proliferation of tumor cells and induce apoptosis. However, the ability of cranberry flavonoids to inhibit tumor growth in vivo has not been reported other than in a preliminary report. As model systems for testing this activity, human tumor cell lines representative of three malignancies were chosen: glioblastoma multiforme (U87), colon carcinoma (HT-29), and androgen-independent prostate carcinoma (DU145). A flavonoid-rich fraction 6 (Fr6) and a more purified proanthocyanidin (PAC)-rich fraction were isolated from cranberry presscake and whole cranberry, respectively, by column chromatography. Fr6 and PAC each significantly slowed the growth of explant tumors of U87 in vivo, and PAC inhibited growth of HT-29 and DU145 explants (P < 0.05), inducing complete regression of two DU145 tumor explants. Flow cytometric analyses of in vitro-treated U87 cells indicated that Fr6 and PAC could arrest cells in G1 phase of the cell cycle (P < 0.05) and also induce cell death within 24 to 48 h of exposure (P < 0.05). These results indicate the presence of a potential anticancer constituent in the flavonoid-containing fractions from cranberry extracts.
authors.affiliation: London Regional Cancer Program, Health Sciences Centre, 790 Commissioners Road East, London, Ontario, Canada. peter.ferguson@uwo.ca
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: Elzbieta M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Kurowska
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: Ann F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koropatnick
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001681:Biological Assay; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000187:drug effects*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D016193:G1 Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000473:pathology; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D029799:Vaccinium macrocarpon / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts