title: Glycogen synthase kinase 3beta inhibition reduces the development of nonseptic shock induced by zymosan in mice.
abstract: Glycogen synthase kinase 3 has recently been identified as a ubiquitous serine-threonine protein kinase that participates in a multitude of cellular processes and plays an important role in the pathophysiology of a number of diseases. In the present study, we have investigated the effects of 4-benzyl-2-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione (TDZD-8), a glycogen synthase kinase 3beta inhibitor, on the development of nonseptic shock caused by zymosan (dose, 500 mg/kg i.p. suspension in saline) in mice. Organ failure and systemic inflammation in mice was assessed 18 h after administration of zymosan and/or TDZD-8; another group of mice was monitored for 12 days (for clinical score and mortality). Treatment of mice with TDZD-8 (dose, 10 mg/kg i.p., 1 and 6 h after zymosan administration) attenuated the peritoneal exudation and the migration of polymorphonuclear cells caused by zymosan. TDZD-8 also attenuated the lung, liver, and pancreatic injury, the renal dysfunction caused by zymosan, and the increase in myeloperoxidase activity caused by zymosan in the lung and in the intestine. Immunohistochemical analysis for inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitrotyrosine, poly(ADP-ribose), CD30, CD30 ligand, and Fas ligand revealed positive staining in lung and intestinal tissues obtained from zymosan-injected mice. The degree of staining for inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitrotyrosine, poly(ADP-ribose), CD30, CD30 ligand, and Fas ligand were markedly reduced in tissue sections obtained from zymosan-injected mice that had received TDZD-8. This study provides the first evidence that TDZD-8 attenuates the degree of zymosan-induced, nonseptic shock in mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Italy. salvator@unime.it
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cuzzocrea
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Di Paola
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mazzon
authors.forename: Concetta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Crisafulli
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Genovese
authors.forename: Carmelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Muià
authors.forename: Maha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdelrahman
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thiemermann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010529:Peritoneal Cavity / Q000473:pathology; D012769:Shock / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D013830:Thiadiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015054:Zymosan / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: C494356:4-benzyl-2-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D013830:Thiadiazoles; D015054:Zymosan; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; C000605507:Gsk3b protein, mouse; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3