title: Isokinetic strength of collegiate baseball pitchers during a season.
abstract: Pitching is suggested to expose the arm to physical stress that may lead to a decrease in strength. The purpose of this study was to examine the isokinetic internal and external rotational shoulder strength of Division II pitchers preseason, midseason, and postseason. The 9 pitchers were 23 +/- 0.67 years of age and weighed 91.2 +/- 3.14 kg. Each subject was evaluated utilizing a Biodex Isokinetic Dynamometer. Isokinetic internal and external concentric strength was assessed at 90 degrees of shoulder abduction and 90 degrees of elbow flexion at 300 and 450 degrees .s(-1) at each time point. A repeated-measures analysis of variance statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. All data are reported as mean +/- SEM. Mean internal peak torques at 300 and 450 degrees .s(-1) preseason, midseason, and postseason were 50.66 +/- 2.27, 49.70 +/- 2.54, and 51.70 +/- 2.94 N.m and 37.14 +/- 2.54, 37.36 +/- 2.74, and 38.26 +/- 2.50 N.m, respectively. Mean external peak torques at 300 and 450 degrees .s(-1) preseason, midseason, and postseason were 30.16 +/- 1.69, 29.50 +/- 2.22, and 29.79 +/- 2.08 N.m and 17.68 +/- 2.15, 16.89 +/- 2.46, and 18.20 +/- 2.35 N.m, respectively. There were no differences in isokinetic internal or external concentric shoulder rotational mean peak torque of Division II pitchers at any speed tested or time point examined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA. lwilkin@csusb.edu
authors.forename: Linda D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Wilkin
authors.forename: Bryan L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Haddock
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology; D001484:Baseball / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D012399:Rotation; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D019415:Torque