Visual Fixation Patterns during Reciprocal Social Interaction Distinguish a Subgroup of 6-Month-Old Infants At-Risk for Autism from Comparison Infants.
Thirty-one infant siblings of children with autism and 24 comparison infants were tested at 6 months of age during social interaction with a caregiver, using a modified Still Face paradigm conducted via a closed-circuit TV-video system. In the Still Face paradigm, the mother interacts with the infant, then freezes and displays a neutral, expressionless face, then resumes interaction. Eye tracking data on infant visual fixation patterns were recorded during the three episodes of the experiment. Using a hierarchical cluster analysis, we identified a subgroup of infants demonstrating diminished gaze to the mother's eyes relative to her mouth during the Still Face episode. Ten out of the 11 infants in this subgroup had an older sibling with autism.
Merin
Noah
N
Neuroscience Graduate Group and School of Medicine, Class 2008, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Young
Gregory S
GS
Ozonoff
Sally
S
Rogers
Sally J
SJ
D000339:Affect; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D005403:Fixation, Ocular; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D010641:Phenotype; D012307:Risk Factors; D012904:Smiling; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors