title: Hypertension in people with diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa: revealing the hidden face of the iceberg.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in a diabetic population of Cameroon, a sub-Saharan African country.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundreds and ten diabetic patients were consecutively enrolled over a 6-month period. A questionnaire was administered and physical examination done. The JNC VI and the latest WHO criteria were used to diagnose hypertension and diabetes, respectively, and control of hypertension was assessed against five different targets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-one percent of the participants had type 2 diabetes. Prevalence and awareness rates for hypertension were 66.7% (n=140) and 87.1% (n=122), respectively. Treatment rate among those aware of their hypertension status was 80.3% (n=98). Patients with hypertension were older, more overweight/obese and had a longer duration of diabetes. ACE inhibitors and diuretics were the two most used blood pressure (BP) lowering drugs. Following the ADA/JNC 7 goal, the control rate of hypertension among treated patients was 10.2% (n=10).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diabetic patients in Cameroon exhibit a very high prevalence of hypertension and are about three times more affected than the general population. Awareness and treatment rates are high, but the control rate is very low. Large scale studies with intervention component are urgently required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Subspecialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Yaounde, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Simeon Pierre
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Choukem
authors.forename: Andre Pascal
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kengne
authors.forename: Yefou Mesmin
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Dehayem
authors.forename: Nenwouo Leonie
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Simo
authors.forename: Jean Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mbanya
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D001364:Awareness; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002163:Cameroon / Q000453:epidemiology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000145:classification; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires