title: Butyrate sensitizes the release of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide evoked by capsaicin from primary cultured rat dorsal root ganglion neurons.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether butyrate increases substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release evoked by capsaicin from primary cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons.
  
  
  METHODS
  DRG was dissected out from embryonic 15-day-old Wistar rat and cultured as dissociate cells for 24 h then exposed to butyrate (0.01 mmol/L, 0.1 mmol/L, 1 mmol/L, 10 mmol/L, respectively) for another 48 h. The neurons cultured continuously in media served as normal control. All above cultured samples were processed for detecting expression of mRNA for SP, CGRP and vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1) of DRG neurons by RT-PCR, and VR1 protein expression by Western blot. SP and CGRP basal release levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). After that, the DRG cells for RIA were stimulated by capsaicin (300 nmol/L) for 5 min and the culture media were harvested for detecting SP and CGRP release levels by RIA. The neurons exposed to vehicle solution served as vehicle controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure of butyrate on DRG neurons at higher concentrations (1 mmol/L, 10 mmol/L) for 48 h increased expression mRNA for SP and CGRP than that at lower concentrations (0.01 mmol/L, 0.1 mmol/L) and normal control (P<0.001). VR1 mRNA and VR1 protein expression increased in a dose-dependent manner after exposure of different concentrations of butyrate. Butyrate did not alter the basal release, significantly enhanced neuropeptide release evoked by capsaicin. SP and CGRP release levels in the culture media exposed by butyrate at higher concentrations (1 mmol/L, 10 mmol/L) for 48 h and then stimulated by capsaicin were higher than that at lower concentrations (0.01 mmol/L, 0.1 mmol/L) (P<0.001). The exposure of vehicle solution did not produce any increase of SP and CGRP release from primary cultured DRG neurons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Butyrate may promote the expression of mRNA for SP, CGRP and increase sensitivity of capsaicin on SP and CGRP release from primary cultured rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. The promotion of VR1 mRNA and VR1 protein expression by butyrate implicated that VR1 may be involved in the mechanisms of sensory neuropeptide release evoked by capsaicin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Li-Hong
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Huai-Jing
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhen-Zhong
authors.initials: ZZ
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002087:Butyrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007509:Irritants / Q000494:pharmacology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009489:Neurosecretion / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D013373:Substance P / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002087:Butyrates; D007509:Irritants; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels; C494484:TRPV1 receptor; D013373:Substance P; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; D002211:Capsaicin