title: The impact of reclassifying moderate CKD as a coronary heart disease risk equivalent on the number of US adults recommended lipid-lowering treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Third National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (ATP-III) guidelines recommend consideration of lipid-lowering therapy at lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (>or=100 mg/dL [>or=2.59 mmol/L]) for adults with coronary heart disease risk equivalents. Chronic kidney disease is associated with increased coronary heart disease risk but is not included as a risk equivalent in these guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  The impact of including moderate chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate, 30 to 59 mL/min/1.73 m(2) [0.50 to 0.98 mL/s]) as a coronary heart disease risk equivalent on the percentage and number of US adults with chronic kidney disease recommended lipid-lowering therapy was estimated by using data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of adults with moderate chronic kidney disease, 53.0% had a history of coronary heart disease or a risk equivalent, 24.7% reported a history of myocardial infarction or stroke, 17.7% had diabetes, 9.6% had angina, and 26.9% had a 10-year coronary heart disease risk greater than 20%. Using current ATP-III guidelines, lipid-lowering therapy is recommended for 61.4% of adults with moderate chronic kidney disease. If moderate chronic kidney disease was reclassified as a coronary heart disease risk equivalent, this percentage would increase to 87.7%, representing an increase in number of adults with moderate chronic kidney disease recommended lipid-lowering treatment from 4.5 to 6.5 million adults.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This analysis shows that a majority of adults with moderate chronic kidney disease have coronary heart disease or risk equivalents. Nonetheless, a substantially greater proportion of US adults with moderate chronic kidney disease would be recommended lipid-lowering therapy through its reclassification as a coronary heart disease risk equivalent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
authors.forename: Amanda D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Hyre
authors.forename: Caroline S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Brad C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Astor
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Muntner
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000145:classification* / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents