title: Enhanced plasma soluble CD40 ligand levels in essential hypertensive patients with blunted nocturnal blood pressure decrease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypertensives with a blunted nocturnal blood pressure (BP) decrease have increased risk of developing atherosclerotic disease. Soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) is involved in the pathogenesis of risk factor-related vascular damage. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between circulating sCD40L levels, circadian BP profile, and early carotid atherosclerosis in essential hypertensives.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma sCD40L concentrations were assessed in two groups of 25 never-treated hypertensives, without additional cardiovascular risk factors, differentiated on the basis of a nocturnal decrease of BP either of >10% (dippers) or <10% (nondippers) of daytime values, and in 25 matched normotensives. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was also measured in all participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma sCD40L concentrations were higher in nondippers (4.9 +/- 1.2 ng/mL) than in dippers (3.7 +/- 0.7, P = .0005) and controls (1.6 +/- 0.6, P < .0001). These latter had lower sCD40L concentrations than dippers (P < .0001). The IMT was higher in both hypertensive groups than in normotensives (P < .0001). In the entire hypertensive population IMT directly correlated with circulating levels of sCD40L (r = 0.365, P = .01) and inversely correlated with nocturnal systolic BP decreases (r = -0.286, P = .043). In a multivariate regression analysis sCD40L was the main determinant of IMT (r(2) = 0.157, P = .004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nondippers have enhanced plasma sCD40L levels, which may contribute to their increased susceptibility to develop vascular damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Public Health, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy. giovambattista.desideri@cc.univaq.it
authors.forename: Giovambattista
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Desideri
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cipollone
authors.forename: Letizia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Valeri
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grassi
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Necozione
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Croce
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Passacquale
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garofalo
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lippi
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mezzetti
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferri
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000097:blood*; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000473:pathology; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D028421:Isoprostanes / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D028421:Isoprostanes; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D002097:C-Reactive Protein