title: Myogenous temporomandibular disorders: diagnostic and management considerations.
abstract: Myogenous temporomandibular disorders (or masticatory myalgia) are characterized by pain and dysfunction that arise from pathologic and functional processes in the masticatory muscles. There are several distinct muscle disorder subtypes in the masticatory system, including myofascial pain, myositis, muscle spasm, and muscle contracture. The major characteristics of masticatory myalgia include pain, muscle tenderness, limited range of motion, and other symptoms (eg, fatigability, stiffness, subjective weakness). Comorbid conditions and complicating factors also are common and are discussed. Management follows with stretching, posture, and relaxation exercises, physical therapy, reduction of contributing factors, and as necessary, muscle injections.
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, 6-320 Moos, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. frict001@umn.edu
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fricton
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008410:Masticatory Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D017090:Occlusal Splints; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics