Inhibitory effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on lipopolysaccharide-induced activation in BV2 microglia.
Upon activation, microglia release proinflammatory mediators that play important roles in eliciting neuroinflammatory responses associated with neurodegenerative diseases. The anti-inflammatory properties of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) have been known, however, the effects responsible for lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation remain poorly understood in microglia. In the present study, we investigated the effects of EPA on the expression of proinflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia. EPA significantly inhibited the release of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in a dose-dependent manner. EPA also attenuated the production of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and proinflammatory cytokines at mRNA and/or protein levels. Moreover, EPA suppressed NF-kappaB activation by blocking IkappaB degradation, and also blocked the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) such as ERK, p38 and JNK, and the Akt pathway. The anti-inflammatory properties of EPA may be useful for ameliorating neurodegenerative diseases as well as suppressing LPS-induced shock.
Moon
Dong-Oh
DO
Faculty of Applied Marine Science, Cheju National University, Jeju, South Korea.
Kim
Ki-Cheon
KC
Jin
Cheng-Yun
CY
Han
Min-Ho
MH
Park
Cheol
C
Lee
Kyeong-Jun
KJ
Park
Yeong-Min
YM
Choi
Yung Hyun
YH
Kim
Gi-Young
GY
D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D015232:Dinoprostone