title: Pyruvate protects mitochondria from oxidative stress in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells.
abstract: Oxidative stress is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases including stroke, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, and has been extensively studied as a potential target for therapeutic intervention. Pyruvate, a natural metabolic intermediate and energy substrate, exerts antioxidant effects in brain and other tissues susceptible to oxidative stress. We tested the protective effects of pyruvate on hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) toxicity in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells and the mechanisms underlying its protection. Hydrogen peroxide insult resulted in 85% cell death, but co-treatment with pyruvate dose-dependently attenuated cell death. At concentrations of >or=1 mM, pyruvate totally blocked the cytotoxic effects of H(2)O(2). Pyruvate exerted its protective effects even when its administration was delayed up to 2 h after H(2)O(2) insult. As a scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), pyruvate dose-dependently attenuated H(2)O(2)-induced ROS formation, assessed from 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate fluorescence. Furthermore, pyruvate suppressed superoxide production by submitochondrial particles, and attenuated oxidative stress-induced collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Collectively, these results suggest that pyruvate protects neuronal cells through its antioxidant actions on mitochondria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaofei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Liang-Jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Robert T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Mallet
authors.forename: Shao-Hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009447:Neuroblastoma; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013481:Superoxides; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide