title: Transoral diverticulostomy with a modified Endo-Gia stapler: results after 4 years of experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of Zenker's diverticulum is low (2/100,000). Standard surgical treatment is cricopharyngeal myotomy with diverticulectomy. Various minimally invasive surgical approaches pursued recently have treated Zenker's diverticulum adequately. The functional minimally invasive therapy is performed alternatively using an Endo-Gia stapler inserted transorally to perform an esophageal diverticulostomia, or using thermal coagulation applied by a carbon dioxide (CO2) or argon plasma laser. The key to a successful procedure is adequate exposure of the diverticulum by insertion of a pharynx spreader before the surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since 1996, 31 patients who underwent minimally invasive diverticulostomies performed in our clinic have been included prospectively in the current study. All the patients were examined endoscopically before and after surgery. Furthermore, the intraesophageal and intragastric pressure was examined by transesophageal manometry, and the pH in the esophagus and stomach was determined by pH-metry. A barium swallow was performed to exclude leakage at the stapler suture line as proof of sufficient anastomoses. Manometry showed that the upper esophageal sphincter functioned normally before and after surgery. The results were compared with those of patients undergoing conventional procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median follow-up period after resection of the diverticulum was 46 months. Both the Gastrointestinal Quality-of-Life Index (GQLI) (p < 0.001) and the modified dysphagia score (GHDS) increased significantly, indicating that the operations were successful. The minimally invasive procedure is faster than cricopharyngeal myotomy and significantly safer. It is better tolerated by patients, and they are discharged earlier.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transoral esophagodiverticulosomy has become the standard procedure for Zenker's diverticulum in the authors' department. The endoscopic minimally invasive approach proved to be safer than standard surgical procedures. It offers a significantly shorter operation time and postoperative hospital stay (p < 0.001).
authors.affiliation: Chirurgische Klinik und Poliklinik der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Klinikum Grosshadern, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, München, Germany. Reinhold.Lang@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Spelsberg
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: K-W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Jauch
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Hüttl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004867:Equipment Design; D004869:Equipment Safety; D004945:Esophagoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013528:Surgical Staplers; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016672:Zenker Diverticulum / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*