title: Prevalence of lens opacities in North India: the INDEYE feasibility study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To obtain estimates of the prevalence of lens opacities in an Indian setting by using photographically acquired lens images.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 11 randomly sampled villages from a rural district of Haryana, North India, 1443 people (median age 60 years), 52% women, were identified from enumeration of the > or =50-year age group; 87% attended an eye examination. Digital images of cortical and posterior subcapsular opacities and photographs of nuclear opacities were graded using the Lens Opacity Classification System (LOCS) II. The prevalence of opacities was based on a grade of 2 or higher in the worse eye for nuclear, cortical, or posterior subcapsular opacities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the participants, 1071 people had gradable images; a further 163 had undergone surgery or had dense opacities. Nuclear opacities were the most common type, with an overall prevalence of 56.9% (95% CI, 53.0-60.6). Posterior subcapsular opacities occurred in 20.6% (95% CI, 17.9-25.8) and cortical opacities in 21.6% (95% CI, 17.9-25.8). Prevalence rose steeply with age for all opacities and was higher in the women than in the men for cortical opacities (P = 0.03). The prevalence of any type of lens opacity including surgical cases and dense opacities was 75.3% (95% CI, 71.4-78.81).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results highlight the substantial excess of lens opacities in India compared with Western populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Gudlavalleti V S
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Murthy
authors.forename: Sanjeev K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maraini
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Camparini
authors.forename: Gill M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: Mukesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dherani
authors.forename: Neena
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: John
authors.forename: Usha
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Chakravarthy
authors.forename: Astrid E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Fletcher
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002386:Cataract / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010781:Photography; D015995:Prevalence; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data