title: Selective deficits in the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid in the postmortem orbitofrontal cortex of patients with major depressive disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidemiological surveys and peripheral tissue (red blood cells/plasma) fatty acid composition studies suggest that omega-3 fatty acid deficiency is associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) and suicide. It was hypothesized that patients with MDD would exhibit lower frontal cortical concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the principal omega-3 fatty acid in brain, relative to normal controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined the total fatty acid composition of postmortem orbitofrontal cortex (Brodmann's Area 10) from patients with DSM-IV-defined MDD (n = 15) and age-matched normal controls (n = 27) by gas chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After correction for multiple comparisons, the omega-3 fatty acid DHA was the only fatty acid that was significantly different (-22%) in the postmortem orbitofrontal cortex of MDD patients relative to normal controls. Deficits in DHA concentrations were greater in female MDD patients (-32%) than in male MDD patients (-16%), and could not be wholly attributed to lifestyle factors or postmortem tissue variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate a selective deficit in the omega-3 fatty acid DHA in the orbitofrontal cortex of patients with MDD. This finding adds to a growing body of evidence implicating omega-3 fatty acid deficiency as well as the orbitofrontal cortex in the pathophysiology and potentially pathogenesis of MDD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0559, USA. robert.mcnamara@psychiatry.uc.edu
authors.forename: Robert K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: McNamara
authors.forename: Chang-Gyu
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jandacek
authors.forename: Therese
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rider
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tso
authors.forename: Kevin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Stanford
authors.forename: Neil M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Richtand
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001344:Autopsy; D002423:Cause of Death; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids