title: Perspectives in endoscopic cardiac surgery.
abstract: Surgical telemanipulators are obviously used in cardiac surgery to provide the surgeon in a confined space the same stereoscopic vision, full dexterity, unimpaired hand-eye alignment and tactile feedback as in open surgery. This is the basic concept that enables the controlled fine soft tissue manipulation that is needed in bypass grafting and valve surgery. In 2005, a total of 2984 cardiac procedures were performed worldwide using the da Vinci system. This includes totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting (TECAB), mitral valve repair (MVR) procedures, ASD closure and cardiac tissue ablation for atrial fibrillation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heartcenter, University of Leipzig, Germany. stjacobs@aol.com
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: Volkmar
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Falk
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Holzhey
authors.forename: Friedrich W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Mohr
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D012371:Robotics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*