title: Comparison of the shade matching ability of dental students using two light sources.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Shade selection is affected by a host of variables, including lighting.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of dental students to match shades under natural lighting and using a light-correcting device, specifically to determine whether there are differences based on: (1) year in school, (2) gender of student, and (3) light source.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 14-item shade matching quiz (SMQ) and a questionnaire were field tested. No major modifications were made to SMQ or questionnaire. Demographic information included year in school, age, gender, previous experience, and Ishihara's Tests for Color-Blindness. The SMQ was administered on separate occasions during the spring and summer, under natural light (SMQ-NL) and using the light-correcting device (SMQ-CL). For each of the 14 items, students (n=216) were to select the matching shade tab from 5 preselected tabs. Statistical analyses included ANOVAs, paired t tests, and independent t tests (alpha=.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 165 male and 51 female students participated, with an average age of 26 years. SMQ scores of 10 color-deficient students were excluded. There were no significant differences in SMQ-NL and SMQ-CL among the first through fourth year students (ANOVA), nor between men and women (t tests). The SMQ scores were significantly higher with the light-correcting device than with natural light: 11.4 +/- 1.9 and 10.4 +/- 2.0, respectively (paired t test, P<.001). With and without the light-correcting device, the Vita C shades were less likely to be matched than the Vita A or B shades (paired t tests, P<.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dental students' shade matching abilities were better with a light-correcting source than under natural light. Gender and experience were not found to be factors in matching shades. The Vita C shades were least likely to be matched.
authors.affiliation: Department of Comprehensive Care, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Francis M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Curd
authors.forename: T Roma
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Jasinevicius
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Graves
authors.forename: Viktoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Avishai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sadan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003116:Color; D003118:Color Perception; D003124:Colorimetry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008029:Lighting; D008297:Male; D017797:Prosthesis Coloring / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013335:Students, Dental; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires