title: Preventive effects of treatment of disruptive behavior disorder in middle childhood on substance use and delinquent behavior.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Disruptive behavior disorder (DBD) is a well-known risk factor for substance abuse and delinquent behavior in adolescence. Therefore, the long-term preventive effects of treatment of DBD in middle childhood on beginning substance use and delinquency in early adolescence were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children with DBD (8-13 years old) had been randomly assigned to manualized behavior therapy (Utrecht Coping Power Program; UCPP) or to care as usual (CU) in the Netherlands. Five years (2003-2005) after the start of treatment (1996-1999), substance use and delinquency were monitored in 61 of the initial 77 adolescents and compared with a matched healthy control group by means of self-report questionnaires. One-factor analyses of variance and Pearson's chi2 analyses were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Differences in substance use were revealed in favor of the UCPP, with more adolescents in the CU group smoking cigarettes in the last month (UCPP 17%, CU 42%; chi2 = 4.7; p < .03) and more adolescents in the CU group having ever used marijuana (UCPP 13%, CU 35%; chi2 = 4.0; p < .045). Moreover, in this respect, the UCPP fit in the range of the matched healthy control group. Both treatment groups were comparable to the matched healthy control group in delinquent behavior.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Manualized behavior therapy for DBD in middle childhood seems to be more powerful than CU in reducing substance use in early adolescence. Both treatment conditions show a beneficial long-term preventive effect on delinquency.
authors.affiliation: Drs. Zonnevylle-Bender and Matthys are with Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Dr. van de Wiel is with Central RINO Group, Utrecht; and Dr. Lochman is with the Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa.
authors.forename: Marjo J S
authors.initials: MJS
authors.lastname: Zonnevylle-Bender
authors.affiliation: Drs. Zonnevylle-Bender and Matthys are with Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Dr. van de Wiel is with Central RINO Group, Utrecht; and Dr. Lochman is with the Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa.. Electronic address: W.Matthys@umcutrecht.nl.
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Matthys
authors.affiliation: Drs. Zonnevylle-Bender and Matthys are with Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Dr. van de Wiel is with Central RINO Group, Utrecht; and Dr. Lochman is with the Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa.
authors.forename: Nicolle M H
authors.initials: NMH
authors.lastname: van de Wiel
authors.affiliation: Drs. Zonnevylle-Bender and Matthys are with Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Dr. van de Wiel is with Central RINO Group, Utrecht; and Dr. Lochman is with the Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa.
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lochman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007604:Juvenile Delinquency / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D008774:Methylphenidate