title: [Inflammatory reconstitution immune syndrome associated to antiretroviral therapy and meningeal cryptococcosis].
abstract: The objective of high activity antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in patients with AIDS, is to obtain immune restoration. This means a reduction of the viral load and restitution of the CD4 cell count. A decreased rate of HIV replication improves both the number and function of CD4 cells. Nevertheless, this treatment sometimes results in the reappearance of previous symptoms from treated conditions due to opportunistic infections (ie: tuberculosis, criptococcosis, hepatitis, Pneumocystis jirovesi, toxoplasmosis, etc) or non infectious condition such as sarcoidosis, Graves disease or Kaposi sarcoma. This is known as Inflammatory Reconstitution Immune Syndrome (IRIS). We report a 37 year-old woman in stage C3-AIDS with a previous criptococcal meningitis. She was treated, achieving a marked improvement with treatment and subsequent suppressive therapy with fluconazole 200 mg/day. IRIS appeared after 8 months of ongoing antiretroviral therapy with immune restoration with the development of aseptic meningitis and intracranial hypertension. The opportunistic agent could not be identified by cultures. Additional laboratory tests excluded toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, bacterial cerebral abscesses, syphilitic cerebral gummas, and lymphoma. Brain CT and magnetic resonance studies were compatible with brain vasculitis and leptomeningitis. The patient condition improved with general measures, such as a repeated lumbar punctures and non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. We conclude that this patient had an IRIS due to a Cryptococcus neoformans antigen.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Barros Luco-Trudeau. dsaez@med.uchile.cl
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sáez
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bahamondes
authors.forename: Gislaine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Luz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arellano
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lillo
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000139:chemically induced*; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D003455:Cryptococcus neoformans; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D054019:Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D016919:Meningitis, Cryptococcal / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000139:chemically induced*; D019562:Viral Load