title: Functional Independence Measure for Children: a comparison of Chinese and Japanese children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM) is a simple-to-administer scale for assessing functional independence across 3 domains (self-care, mobility, cognition) in children. There are normative data from America and Japan. In 2001 to 2002, the authors created a normative Chinese WeeFIM profile and compared this with the American one. In this study, they aimed to compare their Chinese normative data with the Japanese one.
  
  
  METHODS
  A random sampling of 445 normal Chinese children from different social classes in Hong Kong was conducted in the community. It was conducted via face-to-face interviews with the mother, and a normative database was created.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Similar to the Japanese children, the WeeFIM total score and 3 main domain subscores (self-care, mobility, and cognition) increased progressively with age. In the self-care domain, Chinese children achieved modified independence or level 6 earlier in all items except toileting. For the mobility domain, the item chair transfer was achieved earlier in the Chinese children, whereas toilet transfer, stair, tub transfer, and locomotion were achieved later in Chinese children. As for cognition domain, the item problem solving was achieved earlier but comprehension, social interaction, and memory were achieved later in the Chinese children. The authors' results showed the same pattern of increasing WeeFIM score with increasing chronological age, which is similar to the Japanese children. There are 3 patterns of WeeFIM score achievement in this Chinese cohort. As for the Japanese children, the 3 patterns of WeeFIM score achievement from independent to dependent are 1) rapid change, 2) gradual change, and 3) linear change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  WeeFIM is a validated standardized tool for assessing the outcome of rehabilitation programs. It should be widely used to assess rehabilitative achievement in children from different ethnic origins. The authors' previous study and this current study demonstrated that the authors' normative WeeFIM profile showed similar results to the American and Japanese children. However, there are minor differences in the WeeFIM scoring in the 3 main domains, which might be due to cultural differences between ethnic groups. Thus, usage of the WeeFIM with a different age criteria in achieving independence according to local culture should be adopted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Sheila S N
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Virginia C N
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007564:Japan / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values