title: Disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 (DISC1): a key susceptibility factor for major mental illnesses.
abstract: Here we overview Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1), a promising lead in studying the pathophysiology of major mental conditions. Genetic association studies reproducibly suggest involvement of DISC1 in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in several ethnic groups. Different from several other susceptibility genes for schizophrenia, such as neuregulin-1 and dysbindin, there are two independent pedigrees in which genetic variations of DISC1 directly segregate with major mental conditions. This uniqueness has facilitated neurobiology of DISC1, which may hopefully lead to an important breakthrough in understanding of pathophysiology of major mental conditions. DISC1 is a multifunctional protein that plays a role in neurodevelopment and cell signaling. In autopsied brains from patients with psychosis and substance abuse, change in subcellular distribution of DISC1 is observed. DISC1 interacts with phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4B that degrades cyclic AMP (cAMP), which may be a regulatory molecule for working memory in the prefrontal cortex. Knockdown expression of DISC1 in developing cerebral cortex in mouse brains leads to changes that resemble, at least in part, the pathology found in patients with schizophrenia. These results support involvement of DISC1 in the pathophysiology of major mental conditions, including schizophrenia, in several mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Consolidated Research Institute for Advanced Science and Medical Care (ASMeW), Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan. naoya@waseda.jp
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sawamura
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sawa
mesh_terms: D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D011485:Protein Binding; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C412476:DISC1 protein, human; C498794:Disc1 protein, mouse; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4