title: Impact of opinion leader-endorsed evidence summaries on the quality of prescribing for patients with cardiovascular disease: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Local opinion leaders are educationally and socially influential physicians. Although they can accelerate the adoption of new evidence in hospitals, their impact on the quality of prescribing for outpatients has only been examined by a few studies. We hypothesized that an intervention consisting of patient-specific one-page evidence summaries, generated and endorsed by local opinion leaders, would improve prescribing of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in heart failure (HF) and that of statins in ischemic heart disease (IHD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a community-based randomized controlled trial in patients with HF (not receiving ACE inhibitors or ARBs) and those with IHD (not receiving statins) who were recruited from 40 pharmacies and allocated either to the opinion leader intervention or to usual care based on randomization of their primary care physician. The primary outcome was an increase in the use of efficacious therapies (ACE inhibitors or ARBs in HF and statins in IHD) within 6 months; the secondary outcomes were prescribing changes for HF or IHD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 171 patients participated in the study; 87 were allocated to the intervention, whereas 84 were assigned to the control group. The median age of the participants was 75 years; 103 (60%) were female, 54 (32%) had HF, and 117 (68%) had IHD. Overall, 21 (24%) intervention patients started receiving an efficacious medication within 6 months, as compared with 15 (18%) control subjects (relative risk of improvement 1.32, 95% CI 0.73-2.40, P = .31). In the HF subgroup, 38% of the intervention patients started receiving an ACE inhibitor or ARB therapy, as compared with 20% of control subjects (relative risk of improvement 1.90, 95% CI 0.76-4.72, P = .15). In the IHD subgroup, 17% of the intervention patients and 17% of the control subjects started receiving statin therapy (P = .97).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The influence of local opinion leaders may be useful for improving the quality of cardiovascular prescribing in the community, but the benefits are likely modest and may be disease specific. Further studies on this method are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Sumit R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Majumdar
authors.forename: Ross T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Tsuyuki
authors.forename: Finlay A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: McAlister
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000416:Alberta; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019468:Disease Management; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D007857:Leadership; D008297:Male; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011787:Quality of Health Care
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors