title: Anthropometric determinants of a clustering of lipid-related metabolic risk factors in overweight and non-overweight adolescents--influence of cardiorespiratory fitness. The Avena study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore in adolescents the associations between simple anthropometric variables with a continuously distributed summary score for lipid-related metabolic risk in both overweight and non-overweight adolescents, and to test whether these associations are modified by the level of cardiorespiratory fitness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiorespiratory fitness, BMI, skinfold thicknesses, body circumferences, and a continuously distributed clustering of lipid- related metabolic risk (calculated from LDL and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose) were measured in 524 adolescents (265 males, 259 females, 15.3 +/- 1.4 years) from the cross-sectional multicentric AVENA study. Participants were classified as overweight (including obesity) or non-overweight.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most anthropometric parameters were univariately related to the continuous lipid-related metabolic risk. However, after multicollinear analysis and generalized linear modelling, suprailiac skinfold thickness in males (p < 0.001, explained variance 12.2%) and waist-to-height ratio in females (p < 0.001, explained variance 10.0%) were the best determinants of the continuous metabolic risk score, after adjustment for age, sexual maturation, and economic status. These associations were slightly weakened in overweight males (p = 0.034) and females (p = 0.087), and did not interact with cardiorespiratory fitness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data emphasize the usefulness of suprailiac skinfold thickness in males and waist-to-height ratio in females as simple anthropometric measurements associated to an overall lipid-related metabolic risk, mainly in non-overweight adolescents and regardless their cardiorespiratory status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. jose.mesa@vitagenes.com
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Mesa
authors.forename: Francisco B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.forename: Jonatan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: Manuel J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tresaco
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carreño
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bueno
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000886:Anthropometry; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010809:Physical Fitness; D012143:Respiratory Physiological Phenomena; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides