title: [Visual rating of T2'-blood-oxygen-level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging in acute stroke patients--a pilot study].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Delineation of brain tissue that is at risk but not yet infarcted (penumbra) continues to be a major challenge for stroke imaging. Metabolic characterization of the penumbra might be able to be achieved using blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed MRI data from 20 patients within the first 6 hours after stroke onset and after 5-8 days. Among other sequences, the MRI protocol consisted of diffusion-weighted (DWI/ADC = apparent diffusion coefficient) and quantitative T2 and T2* imaging (qT2, qT2*). BOLD images (T2') were calculated using 1/T2' = 1/qT2* - 1/qT2. BOLD lesions were rated by two blinded observers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on the primary blinded reading of the BOLD images, the lesion side was rated correctly by observers 1 and 2 in 80/50 % of the cases, incorrectly in 5/40 % of the cases, and rated as not visible in 15/10 % of the cases. After unblinding the observers, the visibility was rated in 45/45 % of the cases as good, in 35/40 % of the cases as reasonable, and in 20/15 % of the cases as insufficient for diagnostic purposes. The sensitivity for subsequent infarct growth was 0.88 (95 % confidence interval, CI 0.47 to 0.99), the specificity was 0.33 (95 % CI 0.07 to 0.70), the positive predictive value (PPV) was 0.54 (95 % CI 0.25 to 0.81), and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 0.75 (95 % CI 0.19 to 0.99). The odds ratio for subsequent infarct growth was 3.5 (95 % CI 0.20 to 115.53).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypo-intense lesions in BOLD imaging were visible and exceeded the lesion in diffusion-weighted imaging in most of the stroke patients. The encouraging results justify further testing of the hypothesis that BOLD lesions, when larger than DWI lesions, are associated with infarct growth from initial DWI to final infarct.
authors.affiliation: Neuroradiology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg. fiehler@uke.uni-hamburg.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fiehler
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Geisler
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siemonsen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saager
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Speck
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thomalla
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Grzyska
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kucinski
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen