title: Identification of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 and Ku70/Ku80 as transcriptional regulators of S100A9 gene expression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  S100 proteins, a multigenic family of non-ubiquitous cytoplasmic Ca2+-binding proteins, have been linked to human pathologies in recent years. Dysregulated expression of S100 proteins, including S100A9, has been reported in the epidermis as a response to stress and in association with neoplastic disorders. Recently, we characterized a regulatory element within the S100A9 promotor, referred to as MRE that drives the S100A9 gene expression in a cell type-specific, activation- and differentiation-dependent manner (Kerkhoff et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 41879-41887).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the present study, we investigated transcription factors that bind to MRE. Using the MRE motif for a pull-down assay, poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and the heterodimeric complex Ku70/Ku80 were identified by mass spectrometry and confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Furthermore, TPA-induced S100A9 gene expression in HaCaT keratinocytes was blocked after the pharmacologic inhibition of PARP-1 with 1,5-isoquinolinediol (DiQ).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The candidates, poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and the heterodimeric complex Ku70/Ku80, are known to participate in inflammatory disorders as well as tumorgenesis. The latter may indicate a possible link between S100 and inflammation-associated cancer.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Muenster, Germany. jgrote@uni-muenster.de <jgrote@uni-muenster.de>
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grote
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: König
authors.forename: Doreen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ackermann
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sopalla
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benedyk
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Los
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kerkhoff
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D034961:Antigens, Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D040502:Calgranulin B / Q000235:genetics*; D002460:Cell Line; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D000072200:Ku Autoantigen; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D034961:Antigens, Nuclear; D040502:Calgranulin B; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C499320:PARP1 protein, human; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; C000606509:Xrcc6 protein, human; D000072200:Ku Autoantigen