title: Association of polymorphisms in P2RX7 and CaMKKb with anxiety disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is considerable evidence that genetic factors play an important role in the pathophysiology of affective disorders including bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders. Long-term follow up studies as well as drug treatment studies suggest that these clinical conditions share a number of pathophysiological commonalities including genetic variables. One possible candidate region is located on chromosome 12q24.31, originated from previous linkage and association studies with bipolar disorder and unipolar depression. This region contains two candidate genes for purinergic ligand-gated ion channels, P2RX7 and P2RX4, and one gene coding for calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase b (CaMKKb).
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, we investigated the genetic associations between 15 SNPs in the candidate genes P2RX7, P2RX4 and CaMKKb on chromosome 12q24.31 in 179 patients with anxiety disorders and syndromal panic attacks versus 462 healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One nominal case-control association could be detected for a SNP in the 5'UTR region of P2RX4, which did not remain significant after correction for multiple testing. We found, however, a prominent association between severity of panic- and agoraphobia symptoms and an exonic SNP (rs3817190) in the CaMKKb gene and a trend for association with an exonic SNP in P2RX7 (rs1718119) with severity scores in the panic- and agoraphobia scale.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The locus 12q24.31 seems to be an important genetic region for anxiety, bipolar and unipolar disorders, suggesting a genetic overlap in the group of affective disorders. The specific contribution of the herein reported gene polymorphisms to the clinical condition is still unclear and warrants further analysis.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, D-80804 München, Germany. erhardt@mpipsykl.mpg.de
authors.forename: Angelika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Erhardt
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lucae
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Unschuld
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ising
authors.forename: Nikola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kern
authors.forename: Daria
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Salyakina
authors.forename: Roselind
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lieb
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uhr
authors.forename: Elisabeth B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Binder
authors.forename: Martin E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Keck
authors.forename: Bertram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Müller-Myhsok
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Holsboer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000379:Agoraphobia / Q000235:genetics*; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D054737:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002881:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000235:genetics*; D058486:Receptors, Purinergic P2X7
chemical_list: C546468:P2RX7 protein, human; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D058486:Receptors, Purinergic P2X7; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D054737:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase