title: Autonomic and cardiovascular responses to scent stimulation are altered in cry KO mice.
abstract: Previously, we observed that in rats, olfactory stimulation with scent of grapefruit oil (SGFO) elevates the activities of sympathetic nerves. SGFO also suppresses gastric vagal (parasympathetic) nerve activity (GVNA), increases the plasma glycerol concentration, blood pressure (BP) and body temperature, and reduces appetite. In contrast, olfactory stimulation with scent of lavender oil (SLVO) has opposite effects in rats. Here, we show that in mice, olfactory stimulation with SGFO elevated activities of sympathetic nerves innervating the kidney, adrenal gland and brown adipose tissue as well as increasing BP and suppressing GVNA, whereas olfactory stimulation with SLVO decreased these sympathetic nerve activities and BP, and elevated GVNA. Electrolytic lesions of the mouse hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) eliminated changes in renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), BP and GVNA induced by either SGFO or SLVO. Furthermore, SGFO-induced elevations in RSNA and BP and the SLVO-induced GVNA increase were not observed in Cryptochrome (Cry)-deficient mice, which harbor mutations in both cry1 and cry2 and lack normal circadian rhythms. These findings suggest that SGFO and SLVO affect autonomic neurotransmission and BP via the SCN in mice. Moreover, the molecular clock mechanism in the SCN, which involves the cry1 and cry2 genes, is partially involved in mediating these autonomic and cardiovascular actions of SGFO and SLVO.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. mtanida@ymp-i.co.jp
authors.forename: Mamoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanida
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamatodani
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Niijima
authors.forename: Jiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Todo
authors.forename: Katsuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagai
mesh_terms: D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000098:blood supply / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000098:blood supply / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D017776:Autonomic Pathways / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001683:Biological Clocks / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D056931:Cryptochromes; D003714:Denervation; D005420:Flavoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009833:Olfactory Pathways / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012903:Smell / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013493:Suprachiasmatic Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D017779:Sympathetic Fibers, Postganglionic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C538964:Cry1 protein, mouse; C538965:Cry1 protein, rat; C538967:Cry2 protein, mouse; C538968:Cry2 protein, rat; D056931:Cryptochromes; D005420:Flavoproteins