title: Long-term outcome after conservative treatment of indirect traumatic optic neuropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the long-term outcome of patients with indirect traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) which showed useful vision for a short period after trauma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 12 TON patients treated with steroids megadose immediately after trauma was followed every 6 months for an overall period of 5 years. Other than a full neuro-ophthalmologic examination, each visit included quantitative Goldmann perimetry and pattern reversal visual evoked potentials. The results of each examination were compared with the visual function at baseline. The main outcome measures were visual acuity and visual field. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients showed a stable visual function 5 years after optic nerve trauma. There was no difference in visual acuity levels (p=0.65) and no visual field surface area between the visit at baseline and the last follow-up. However, a significant improvement in visual field extension (p=0.036) was observed after perimetry evaluation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This cohort of patients clearly demonstrates that the residual visual function found in the short term after TON is maintained for at least 5 years. These findings add further important clinical information for patients with TON. Furthermore, these data may be helpful to better quantify morbidity related to optic nerve trauma and its permanent sequelae.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Ophthalmology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy. acarta@unipr.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carta
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferrigno
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leaci
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kosmarikou
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zola
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gomarasca
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020221:Optic Nerve Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D058609:Visual Field Tests; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids