title: Higher smoking prevalence in urban compared to non-urban areas: time trends in six European countries.
abstract: We investigated differences in smoking prevalence between urban and non-urban area of residence in six Western European countries (Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Germany, Italy and Spain), and smoking prevalence trends over the period 1985-2000. In most countries, smoking prevalence was highest in urban areas, and increased with urbanization. Urban/non-urban inequalities were most pronounced among individuals with low education levels, and also among females. There were no significant differences in annual rate of change in smoking prevalence between non-urban and urban areas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. berlianidris@gmail.com
authors.forename: Berlian I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Idris
authors.forename: Katrina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Giskes
authors.forename: Carme
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Borrell
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Benach
authors.forename: Guiseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Federico
authors.forename: Satu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Helakorpi
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Helmert
authors.forename: Eero
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lahelma
authors.forename: Kontie M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Moussa
authors.forename: Per-Olof
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Ostergren
authors.forename: Ritva
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prättälä
authors.forename: Niels Kr
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: Johan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Mackenbach
authors.forename: Anton E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Kunst
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012423:Rural Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000639:trends; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D018881:Suburban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D014504:Urban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*