title: Detection of CSF 14-3-3 protein in Guillain-Barré syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To search for biologic markers in the Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), we studied CSF samples from patients with GBS and neuropathy of various etiologies for the presence of 14-3-3 protein.
  
  
  METHODS
  CSF samples from patients with GBS, chronic neuropathies, motor neuron disease (MND), definite sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD), and normal control subjects were analyzed by standard immunoblot assay, using a polyclonal anti-14-3-3 antibody. CSF samples were also tested with antibodies recognizing specific isoforms of 14-3-3 proteins, either after one-dimensional or two-dimensional electrophoretic separation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A positive 14-3-3 assay was observed in 29 of 38 patients with GBS and in 4 patients with MND and other neuropathies, including 2 subjects with vasculitic neuropathy (VN). In GBS, 14-3-3 protein was detected as early as 12 to 48 hours after disease onset and showed an isoform pattern different from that encountered in patients with noninflammatory neuropathies, VN, MND, and sCJD. Immunohistochemical studies performed in archival fatal GBS cases disclosed marked 14-3-3 expression by mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates and Schwann cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CSF 14-3-3 assay may represent a useful biologic marker in patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Giorgio Spagnol Service of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bersano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fiorini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Allaria
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zanusso
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fasoli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gelati
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Monaco
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Squintani
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Monaco
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nobile-Orazio
mesh_terms: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D005260:Female; D020275:Guillain-Barre Syndrome / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers