title: Delivery of neurturin by AAV2 (CERE-120)-mediated gene transfer provides structural and functional neuroprotection and neurorestoration in MPTP-treated monkeys.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We tested the hypothesis that gene delivery of the trophic factor neurturin could preserve motor function and protect nigrostriatal circuitry in hemiparkinsonian monkeys.
  
  
  METHODS
  An adeno-associated virus-based vector encoding human neurturin (AAV2-NTN; also called CERE-120) was injected into the striatum and substantia nigra of monkeys 4 days after a unilateral intracarotid injection of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) rendered them hemiparkinsonian. Control hemiparkinsonian monkeys received either AAV2 encoding green fluorescent protein or formulation buffer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although stable deficits were seen in all control monkeys, AAV2-NTN significantly improved MPTP-induced motor impairments by 80 to 90% starting at approximately month 4 and lasting until the end of the experiment (month 10). AAV2-NTN significantly preserved nigral neurons, significantly preserved striatal dopaminergic innervation, and activated phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase, consistent with a mechanism involving a trophic factor-initiated molecular cascade. Histological analyses of numerous brain regions, including the cerebellum, showed normal cytoarchitecture and no aberrant pathology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate that AAV2-NTN (CERE-120) can preserve function and anatomy in degenerating nigrostriatal neurons and are supportive of ongoing clinical tests in Parkinson's disease patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kordower
authors.forename: Christopher D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Herzog
authors.forename: Biplob
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dass
authors.forename: Roy A E
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bakay
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stansell
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gasmi
authors.forename: Raymond T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Bartus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D019610:Cytoprotection / Q000235:genetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000235:genetics; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051101:Neurturin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000235:genetics; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D051101:Neurturin; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D004298:Dopamine