Effect of the flavonoid, oroxylin A, on transient cerebral hypoperfusion-induced memory impairment in mice.
Oroxylin A is a flavonoid compound that is found in the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of oroxylin A on memory impairment induced by transient bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2VO) in mice. The ameliorating effect of oroxylin A on memory impairment was investigated using a passive avoidance task, the Y-maze task, and the Morris water maze task in mice. Oroxylin A was found to significantly reverse 2VO-induced cognitive impairments in the passive avoidance and Y-maze tasks in a dose dependant manner (P<0.05). Moreover, oroxylin A (5 mg/kg, p.o.) shortened the escape-latency and prolonged swimming times in the target quadrant during the probe trial in the Morris water maze task (P<0.05). Histochemical and immunohistochemical studies showed that the number of Nissl bodies and OX-42 positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 and dentate gyrus regions were attenuated by oroxylin A. Moreover, phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) positive cell numbers were markedly increased in animals treated with oroxylin A than in untreated 2VO controls. These results suggest that oroxylin A dramatically attenuates the memory impairment induced by 2VO, and that this effect may be mediated by the neuroprotective effects of oroxylin A as supported oroxylin A induced reductions in activated microglia and increases in BDNF expression and CREB phosphorylation.
Kim
Dong Hyun
DH
Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoeki-dong, Dongdeamoon-ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
Jeon
Su Jin
SJ
Son
Kun Ho
KH
Jung
Ji Wook
JW
Lee
Seungjoo
S
Yoon
Byung Hoon
BH
Choi
Ji Woong
JW
Cheong
Jae Hoon
JH
Ko
Kwang Ho
KH
Ryu
Jong Hoon
JH
D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D048588:Benzoxazines; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000032:analysis; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010078:Oxazines
D048588:Benzoxazines; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D005419:Flavonoids; D010078:Oxazines; C028911:cresyl violet; C080669:5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one; D000242:Cyclic AMP