title: Effect of high hydrostatic pressure on four genotypes of F-specific RNA bacteriophages.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pressure responses of four genotypes of F-specific RNA bacteriophages, f2, GA, Qbeta and SP, were evaluated with respect to pressure magnitude, treatment temperature and suspending medium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pressure responses were studied with respect to pressure magnitude (350 to 600 MPa), treatment temperature (-10 to 50 degrees C) and suspending media. Phages f2 and GA had much higher pressure resistances than Qbeta and SP. Pressure resistances of Qbeta and SP were enhanced with increase in salt concentrations in the range of 350 to 600 MPa from -10 to 50 degrees C in PBS. Qbeta and SP had greater pressure resistances when suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with added glucose (5%, w/w), UHT whole milk and Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium plus 10% fetal bovine sera than they did in PBS. Two surfactants, sucrose laurate and monolaurin, and one chelating agent, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), increased the pressure resistance of Qbeta and SP, but had modest effect on either f2 or GA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Four representative F-specific RNA bacteriophages, f2 (serotype I), GA (serotype II), Qbeta (serotype III) and SP (serotype IV) showed different resistances to hydrostatic pressure in the range of 350-600 MPa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study screened for practical surrogates of HAV for validation of commercial high hydrostatic pressure processing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Joerger
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Kniel
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Calci
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Hicks
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Pivarnik
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Hoover
mesh_terms: D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003470:Culture Media; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D005838:Genotype; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006874:Hydrostatic Pressure; D007848:Laurates / Q000494:pharmacology; D050178:Monoglycerides / Q000494:pharmacology; D012317:RNA Phages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000378:metabolism; D013395:Sucrose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D013696:Temperature; D038301:Virus Inactivation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002614:Chelating Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D007848:Laurates; D050178:Monoglycerides; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C018152:sucrose monolaurate; C020777:monolaurin; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013395:Sucrose; D004492:Edetic Acid; D005947:Glucose