title: Polymeric nanogel formulations of nucleoside analogs.
abstract: Nanogels are colloidal microgel carriers that have been recently introduced as a prospective drug delivery system for nucleotide therapeutics. The crosslinked protonated polymer network of nanogels binds oppositely charged drug molecules, encapsulating them into submicron particles with a core-shell structure. The nanogel network also provides a suitable template for chemical engineering, surface modification and vectorisation. This review reveals recent attempts to develop novel drug formulations of nanogels with antiviral and antiproliferative nucleoside analogs in the active form of 5'-triphosphates, discusses structural approaches to the optimisation of nanogel properties, and discusses the development of targeted nanogel drug formulations for systemic administration. Notably, nanogels can improve the CNS penetration of nucleoside analogs that are otherwise restricted from passing across the blood-brain barrier. The latest findings reviewed here demonstrate an efficient intracellular release of nucleoside analogs, encouraging further applications of nanogel carriers for targeted drug delivery.
authors.affiliation: University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciencess, College of Pharmacy and Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Omaha, NE 68198-5830, USA. vinograd@unmc.edu
authors.forename: Serguei V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Vinogradov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D001085:Arabinofuranosylcytosine Triphosphate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D054306:Dideoxynucleotides; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D000080385:Nanogels; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D011094:Polyethyleneimine / Q000737:chemistry*; D013942:Thymine Nucleotides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D054306:Dideoxynucleotides; D000080385:Nanogels; D009711:Nucleotides; D013942:Thymine Nucleotides; C413692:polyethylene glycol polyethyleneimine nanogel; D001085:Arabinofuranosylcytosine Triphosphate; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D015215:Zidovudine; C052873:zidovudine triphosphate; D011094:Polyethyleneimine