title: Retention of skills in medical students following minimal theoretical instructions on semi and fully automated external defibrillators.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is consent that the use of automated external defibrillators (AED) by laypersons improves survival rates in case of cardiac arrest, but no evident consensus exists on the content and duration of training for this purpose. Acceptance of the implementation of Public Access Defibrillation programmes will depend on practical and target-oriented training concepts. The aim of this prospective randomised interventional study was to evaluate long-term effects of a specific, minimal training programme on using semiautomatic and fully automatic AEDs in simulated cardiac arrest.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a mock cardiac arrest scenario 59 medical students with no specific previous medical education were tested during their first semester at medical school. Students who passed any medical emergency training were excluded. The subjects were evaluated before and after attending specified instructions of 15 min duration and after a period of 6 months. Main end points were time to first shock, electrode-positioning and safety throughout the procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean time to first shock without prior instructions was 77.7+/-17.05 s. After instruction there was a significant improvement to 56.5+/-9.5 s (p<or=0.01) and after 6 months this time had only slightly elongated (59.9+/-8.9 s; p<or=0.01). Initially, correct electrode placement was observed in 84.4%. No difference was found immediately and 6 months after instructions (93.2% and 98.3%). All individuals performed safely.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  First year medical students with minimal instruction are able to use semiautomatic as well as fully automatic AED sufficiently fast and safe without prior training. A significant improvement in time to first shock can be detected up to 6 months after receiving non-specific instructions of 15 min duration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Aachen, Germany. sbeckers@ukaachen.de
authors.forename: Stefan K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Beckers
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fries
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bickenbach
authors.forename: Max H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Skorning
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Derwall
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kuhlen
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rossaint
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D047548:Defibrillators; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000592:standards*; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000592:standards*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017145:Models, Educational; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013337:Students, Medical