title: Juvenile idiopathic epilepsy in Egyptian Arabian foals: 22 cases (1985-2005).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epilepsy is relatively uncommon in horses compared with other species and limited information is available.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of the study were to describe the age of onset, clinical signs, clinicopathologic data, electroeticephalographic findings, treatment, and outcome, including long-term prognosis in Arabian foals with idiopathic epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two foals were included in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records from 1985 to 2005 were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The age of onset of affected foals ranged from 2 days to 6 months. Seizures were characterized by generalized tonic and clonic motor activity, staring, and loss of consciousness. The most common postictal signs were transient blindness and abnormal mental status. The interictal neurologic examination was otherwise normal. Clinicopathologic data and imaging diagnostics were normal except in 4 foals that developed complications. Electroencephalography revealed epileptiform activity in 9 of 13 foals. Foals were treated with benzodiazepines for the short-term; whereas phenobarbital was used over the long-term. Potassium bromide was added in 3 foals in which seizures were multiple, frequent, and difficult to control. The long-term prognosis was favorable with cessation of seizures by 1 year of age. The most common complication was head trauma. The most common concurrent disease was pneumonia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Juvenile idiopathic epilepsy of Egyptian Arabian foals has an early clinical onset but appears to be self-limiting. Information obtained from this study strongly suggests a heritable condition that merits further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. mraleman@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aleman
authors.forename: Leah C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: D Colette
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Terrell A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Holliday
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Madigan
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: LeCouteur
authors.forename: K Gary
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Magdesian
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D004829:Epilepsy, Generalized / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D004830:Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D006736:Horses; D008297:Male; D020190:Myoclonic Epilepsy, Juvenile / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D010375:Pedigree; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants