title: Female urethral duplication: an unusual condition.
abstract: We present the case of a 34-year-old woman who presented with a stone fragment stuck near her distal urethra without obstruction of her urinary flow. During an attempt to explore and remove the fragment, she was discovered to have complete urethral duplication with the stone stuck in one of two distal urethral orifices. This represents an extremely rare variant of a very unusual congenital anomaly, even more so as it occurs usually in male patients. Embryology, etiology, and clinical appearance of this rare anomaly are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Barts and the London, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Helgee
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zammit
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bafaloukas
authors.forename: N P N
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Buchholz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003558:Cystoscopy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D014521:Urethra / Q000002:abnormalities*; D014522:Urethral Diseases / Q000151:congenital* / Q000175:diagnosis; D014567:Urography