title: Resuscitation and ventilation strategies for extremely preterm infants: a comparison study between two neonatal centers in Boston and Stockholm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate if different resuscitation and ventilatory styles exist between two neonatal units, and if the less aggressive approach has a beneficiary effect on BPD outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inborn infants delivered at a gestational age <28 weeks were retrospectively studied (Boston = 70 and Stockholm = 102). Data were collected from birth to discharge or to 40 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study groups were similar with regard to gestational age, birth weight, gender and CRIB score, whereas SNAPPE-II score was greater in Stockholm and prenatal steroids were given less frequently in Boston. In Stockholm, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) was applied in the delivery room for 56% of the infants and the prevalence of infants not requiring intubation or mechanical ventilation (MV) during the first week of life was 22%. In Boston all infants were initially intubated. Subsequently, CPAP was used less often, and higher mean airway pressures (MAWPs) were applied during the first 4 weeks of life. Mortality and moderate/severe BPD at 36 weeks were similar; however, at 40 weeks oxygen supplementation was more frequent in Boston. Site was a predictor for moderate/severe BPD or death at 40 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Practice style differences exist and the less aggressive approach with more CPAP administration was successful. It did not decrease the risk for BPD at 36 weeks; however, at 40 weeks, fewer infants were on oxygen support, and a strong association was found between site, MAWP or MV with pulmonary morbidity indicating that CPAP could have a beneficiary role in outcome.
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Unit, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. Mireille.Vanpee@kbh.ki.se
authors.forename: Mireille
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vanpée
authors.forename: Ulrika
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Walfridsson-Schultz
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katz-Salamon
authors.forename: John A F
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Zupancic
authors.forename: DeWayne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pursley
authors.forename: Baldvin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jónsson
mesh_terms: D001900:Boston; D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007226:Infant Mortality; D052577:Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D008297:Male; D009017:Morbidity; D009359:Neonatology / Q000379:methods; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013548:Sweden; D016896:Treatment Outcome