title: Taxonomic reliability of DNA sequences in public sequence databases: a fungal perspective.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  DNA sequences are increasingly seen as one of the primary information sources for species identification in many organism groups. Such approaches, popularly known as barcoding, are underpinned by the assumption that the reference databases used for comparison are sufficiently complete and feature correctly and informatively annotated entries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The present study uses a large set of fungal DNA sequences from the inclusive International Nucleotide Sequence Database to show that the taxon sampling of fungi is far from complete, that about 20% of the entries may be incorrectly identified to species level, and that the majority of entries lack descriptive and up-to-date annotations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The problems with taxonomic reliability and insufficient annotations in public DNA repositories form a tangible obstacle to sequence-based species identification, and it is manifest that the greatest challenges to biological barcoding will be of taxonomical, rather than technical, nature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Göteborg University, Sweden. henrik.nilsson@botany.gu.se
authors.forename: R Henrik
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ryberg
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kristiansson
authors.forename: Kessy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abarenkov
authors.forename: Karl-Henrik
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: Urmas
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kõljalg
mesh_terms: D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics*; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D030561:Databases, Nucleic Acid; D005658:Fungi / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal