title: Multidimensional assessment of female tracheoesophageal prosthetic speech.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to undertake a multidimensional assessment of female tracheoesophageal prosthetic speech.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Head and Neck Unit in a tertiary oncology referral centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten female and 10 male total laryngectomy patients with no signs of recurrence and using voice prosthesis were compared to 10 normal female speakers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electroglottographic and acoustic analysis of voice parameters for both sustained vowel /i/ and connected speech, perceptual evaluation using GRBAS (with 2 experienced raters) and questionnaire assessment using the University of Washington Quality of Life and the Voice Handicap Index. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, (v. 14, SPSS Inc., Chicago III).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median age of the female larygectomy patients was 65 years (range: 41-81), that of male laryngectomees was 66.5 years (range: 40-79) and that of the normal female subjects was 47.5 years (range: 35-72). All electroglottographic, acoustic parameters and GRBAS ratings of the female laryngectomy patients were significantly worse as compared with the normal female subjects. The median fundamental frequency (111.8 Hz) was comparable to male tracheoesophageal speakers (115.8 Hz). Mean composite University of Washington Quality of Life score and overall Voice Handicap Index score was 79.3(12.5) and 47.5(27.6) for the female laryngectomy patients and for the males was 81.2 (9.6) and 39.4(18.7).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gender frequency differences as seen in normal subjects are lost following a laryngectomy operation as evidenced by electroglottographic and perceptual data. Although the quality of life scores are comparable to the male tracheoesophageal speakers, they exhibit a greater voice handicap as compared to their male counterparts.
authors.affiliation: Head and Neck Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK. rehan.kazi@rmh.nhs.uk
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kazi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kiverniti
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Venkitaraman
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Nutting
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rhys-Evans
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Harrington
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004594:Electrophysiology / Q000295:instrumentation; D005260:Female; D005931:Glottis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007825:Laryngectomy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013065:Speech Intelligibility; D013071:Speech, Alaryngeal / Q000379:methods; D013072:Speech, Esophageal; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014132:Trachea; D014833:Voice Quality