title: The cloning and characterization of the histone acetyltransferase human homolog Dmel\TIP60 in Drosophila melanogaster: Dmel\TIP60 is essential for multicellular development.
abstract: Chromatin packaging directly influences gene programming as it permits only certain portions of the genome to be activated in any given developmental stage, cell, and tissue type. Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) are a key class of chromatin regulatory proteins that mediate such developmental chromatin control; however, their specific roles during multicellular development remain unclear. Here, we report the first isolation and developmental characterization of a Drosophila HAT gene (Dmel\TIP60) that is the homolog of the human HAT gene TIP60. We show that Dmel\TIP60 is differentially expressed during Drosophila development, with transcript levels significantly peaking during embryogenesis. We further demonstrate that reducing endogenous Dmel\TIP60 expression in Drosophila embryonic cells by RNAi results in cellular defects and lethality. Finally, using a GAL4-targeted RNAi system in Drosophila, we show that ubiquitous or mesoderm/muscle-specific reduction of Dmel\TIP60 expression results in lethality during fly development. Our results suggest a mechanism for HAT regulation involving developmental control of HAT expression profiles and show that Dmel\TIP60 is essential for multicellular development. Significantly, our inducible and targeted HAT knockdown system in Drosophila now provides a powerful tool for effectively studying the roles of TIP60 in specific tissues and cell types during development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104.
authors.forename: Xianmin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Neetu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Donnelly
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boimel
authors.forename: Felice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Elefant
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly / Q000235:genetics*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics*; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000235:genetics*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000235:genetics*; D020043:Genes, Essential / Q000235:genetics; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D034622:RNA Interference; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; C511056:Tip60 protein, Drosophila