title: Speech Recognition in noise in children with cochlear implants while listening in bilateral, bimodal, and FM-system arrangements.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Speech recognition performance in noise was examined in children with cochlear implants (CIs) when using (a) a second CI (bilateral group), (b) a hearing aid (HA) on the nonimplant ear (bimodal group), and (c) a frequency modulation (FM) system on 1 or both sides.
  
  
  METHODS
  While always maintaining use of the first CI, 2 groups participated in 6 conditions each using various listening arrangements with the second CI, HA, or FM system. Speech-in-noise thresholds were determined using simple phrases, classroom noise, and a method-of-limits approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No group differences were detected across any conditions. In the no-FM-system conditions, no significant benefit of bilateral or bimodal input was found relative to a single CI. In the FM-system conditions, thresholds were significantly lower (up to 20 dB) relative to all other conditions when FM-system input was provided to the first-implanted side or to both sides simultaneously.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children's speech-in-noise thresholds did not improve when providing input to the second side with a CI or an HA relative to a single CI. However, children with CIs had better speech recognition in noise with the use of an FM system on one or both sides relative to the conditions with no FM system. Binaural conditions with a single FM receiver on the second CI or HA yielded significantly poorer performance than any other FM condition.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas, Dallas, USA. eschafer@unt.edu
authors.forename: Erin C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Schafer
authors.forename: Linda M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Thibodeau
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D006310:Hearing Aids; D006801:Humans; D009622:Noise / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013067:Speech Perception; D013069:Speech Reception Threshold Test