title: Paclitaxel plus Ifosfamide followed by high-dose carboplatin plus etoposide in previously treated germ cell tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the optimal dose of carboplatin as well as the efficacy and tolerability of sequential, dose-intense chemotherapy with paclitaxel and ifosfamide followed by carboplatin and etoposide (TICE) plus peripheral-blood stem-cell (PBSC) support in patients with germ cell tumors (GCT) who are likely to experience treatment failure with conventional-dose salvage treatment. This prospective trial followed a similarly designed report of TICE, which used a different means of carboplatin dosing.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 48 patients entered onto this trial had progressive GCT and unfavorable prognostic features after chemotherapy. Two cycles of paclitaxel plus ifosfamide were administered with leukapheresis, followed by three cycles of carboplatin plus etoposide with reinfusion of PBSC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three (49%) of 47 assessable patients achieved a complete response (CR) to chemotherapy. An additional three patients (6%) achieved a CR to chemotherapy and surgery. The CR rate was 55%. Six patients experienced relapse, but 24 patients (51%) are alive and free of disease at a median follow-up time of 40 months. Four patients who experienced relapse or achieved an incomplete response were rendered disease free by salvage surgical resection. When combined with results of the prior trial of similar design, TICE chemotherapy yielded an overall CR of 56% (n = 84), with 50% of patients alive with no evidence of disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TICE is an effective and tolerable dose-intense treatment for patients with previously treated metastatic GCT who have a poor predicted outcome to conventional-dose salvage chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Genitourinary Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA. kondaguv@mskcc.org
authors.forename: G Varuni
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Kondagunta
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bacik
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sheinfeld
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bajorin
authors.forename: Manjit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bains
authors.forename: Lillian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Reich
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deluca
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Budnick
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishill
authors.forename: Madhu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazumdar
authors.forename: George J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Bosl
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Motzer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005047:Etoposide; D016190:Carboplatin; D017239:Paclitaxel; D007069:Ifosfamide