title: Systematic review: efficacy and safety of rituximab for adults with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rituximab, a monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody, is increasingly used to treat idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To systematically review the literature on the efficacy and safety of rituximab for the treatment of adults with ITP.
  
  
  METHODS
  MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, abstracts from the American Societies of Hematology and Clinical Oncology annual meetings, and bibliographies of relevant articles and reviews were searched in duplicate until April 2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive and comparative studies in any language that met predefined inclusion criteria were eligible. Efficacy analysis was restricted to studies enrolling 5 or more patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Platelet count response, toxicities, dose, previous treatments, baseline platelet count, duration of ITP, study design, and sources of funding were extracted in duplicate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 19 eligible reports on efficacy (313 patients) and 29 on safety (306 patients). Weighted means for complete response (platelet count > 150 x 10(9) cells/L) and overall response (platelet count > 50 x 10(9) cells/L) with rituximab were 43.6% (95% CI, 29.5% to 57.7%) and 62.5% (CI, 52.6% to 72.5%), respectively. Responses lasted from 2 to 48 months. Nearly all patients had received corticosteroids, and 53.8% had undergone splenectomy. Nine patients (2.9%) died.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were no controlled studies, and no studies met all criteria for study quality. Reported deaths could not necessarily be attributed to rituximab. Overall, the number of rituximab-treated patients with ITP reported in the literature is small.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rituximab resulted in an overall platelet count response in 62.5% of adults with ITP. However, this finding derives from uncontrolled studies that also reported significant toxicities, including death in 2.9% of cases. These data suggest that providers should avoid indiscriminate use of rituximab and that randomized, controlled trials of rituximab for ITP are urgently needed.
authors.affiliation: McMaster University and Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. arnold@mcmaster.ca
authors.forename: Donald M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dentali
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Crowther
authors.forename: Ralph M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sigouin
authors.forename: Graeme A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kelton
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D018951:Antigens, CD20 / Q000187:drug effects; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010976:Platelet Count; D016553:Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012107:Research Design / Q000592:standards; D000069283:Rituximab
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D018951:Antigens, CD20; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D000069283:Rituximab