title: Accelerating the transit time of barium sulphate suspensions in small bowel examinations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether hyperosmolar and effervescent agents proven individually to accelerate transit time in the barium small bowel examination have an additive effect when combined, surpassing that of either agent alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and forty-nine patients were randomised to four groups. Three hundred milliliters of barium sulphate alone was given to the first group. Fifteen milliliters of iodinated hyperosmolar contrast agent (Gastrografin, meglumine/sodium diatrizoate, Schering) was given in addition to barium sulphate to the second group while six packets of effervescent granules (Carbex, Ferring) were added for the third group. The final group was given a combination of both additives and barium sulphate. The time taken following ingestion for the contrast column to reach the caecum, as assessed by frequent interval fluoroscopy, was recorded. A subgroup of 32 patients were selected randomly from the four groups, 8 from each and assessed for quality of examination. Statistical assessments were made using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and nineteen patients were analysed after exclusions. The addition of accelerant to barium sulphate, both individually and in combination significantly reduced the small bowel transit time (p<0.001). No significant difference existed between the additives when used with barium alone. The combined group had significantly faster transit times compared to the hyperosmolar group (p=0.02). Differences between combined and effervescent groups tended towards significance (p=0.09). No significant difference existed between groups when examination quality was assessed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the addition of combined effervescent and hyperosmolar agents to the barium suspension may significantly shorten the small bowel transit time without adversely affecting examination quality. This has implications for patient acceptability of the examination as well as potentially reducing screening time and therefore radiation dose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Radiology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Little France, Edinburgh, Scotland EH16 4SA, UK.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Summers
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Roger
authors.forename: Paul L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Allan
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Murchison
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001466:Barium Sulfate / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013535:Suspensions
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D013535:Suspensions; D001466:Barium Sulfate