Severe tick-borne encephalitis in Slovenia in the years 2001-2005: time for a mass vaccination campaign?
The aim of this retrospective study was to assess some clinical, epidemiological and laboratory parameters of severe tick-borne encephalitis in Slovenia in the last five years, to compare them with published data, and to estimate need for providing a policy of active immunization. Thirty-three adult patients with a severe course of the disease, admitted to the intensive care unit of the Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia during a five year period, participated. All the patients had specific serum IgM antibodies against tick-borne encephalitis virus at admissions and IgG antibodies were present in 29 out of 33 patients. Twenty-two patients were admitted because of severe consciousness disturbances, nine suffered from spinal nerve paralysis, in two patients cranial nerve paralysis was observed, and one suffered from generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Ten patients were mechanically ventilated and three died. Leukocytosis in peripheral veins was found in twenty-one patients and nine had a C-reactive protein serum concentration over 50 mg/l. Nineteen patients had a cerebrospinal fluid leukocyte count exceeding 100 x 10(6)/l and a cerebrospinal fluid protein concentration was over the cut-off value of 0.45 g/l in majority. The findings of the present study confirmed some previous reports about clinical, epidemiological and laboratory characteristics of patients with severe tick-borne encephalitis. We have found that tick-borne encephalitis in Slovenia has a relatively low fatality rate. However, the severe course with long-lasting sequelae of the disease justifies vaccination of a risk population in endemic areas.
Jereb
Matjaz
M
Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia. matjaz.jereb@kclj.si
Karner
Primoz
P
Muzlovic
Igor
I
Jurca
Tomaz
T
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004669:Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne / Q000276:immunology*; D004675:Encephalitis, Tick-Borne / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D032541:Mass Vaccination; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017524:Slovenia; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D014765:Viral Vaccines