title: [Gender differences in adiponectin and leptin expression in epicardial and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Findings in patients undergoing cardiac surgery].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The high level of metabolic activity present in visceral adipose tissue is associated with the development of atherothrombosis. Subcutaneous adipose tissue secretes larger quantities of the adipocytokines leptin and adiponectin than visceral adipose tissue. Epicardial adipose tissue secretes inflammatory mediators, and the resulting proinflammatory activity is greater than that associated with subcutaneous adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to compare adiponectin and leptin expression in human epicardial and subcutaneous adipose tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples of both epicardial and subcutaneous adipose tissue were taken from 46 patients who were undergoing heart surgery, coronary artery bypass surgery, or aortic or mitral valve replacement. Levels of protein and gene expression of leptin and adiponectin were assessed immunohistochemically and by RT-PCR, respectively. Levels of mRNA expression in the 2 adipose tissue types were compared by real-time quantitative PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences were found between adiponectin and leptin mRNA expression in epicardial and subcutaneous adipose tissue, with epicardial adipose tissue exhibiting lower levels of adiponectin and leptin expression. Moreover, adiponectin and leptin mRNA expression in epicardial adipose tissue was higher in women than men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adiponectin and leptin expression is lower in epicardial than in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Moreover, there are differences in adiponectin and leptin expression in epicardial adipose tissue between women and men.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación en Cardiología Celular y Molecular, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.
authors.forename: María J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Iglesias
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eiras
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Piñeiro
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: López-Otero
authors.forename: Rosalía
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gallego
authors.forename: Angel L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: Francisca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lago
authors.forename: José R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: González-Juanatey
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000368:Aged; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010496:Pericardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012737:Sex Factors; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D020738:Leptin; D012333:RNA, Messenger