title: [Influence of intraoperative pupil diameter and nuclear grade due to complications during Aqualase phacoemulsification].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to make an evaluation of the frequency of intraoperative complications during Aqualase phacoemulsification and correlate it to different intraoperative pupil diameters and nuclear grades.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aqualase phacoemulsification was performed in 23 eyes without retinal or optic disc pathology in 23 unselected patients (15 women and 8 men) who underwent out-patient cataract surgery. Nuclear grade, intraoperative pupil diameters and complications were recorded. The correlation of intraoperative complications with intraoperative pupil diameter and nuclear grade was determined using "Fisher's exact" test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average age of our patients was 70.3 (+/- 12.5) years, the mean best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) preoperatively was 0.39 (+/- 0.15) and the mean BSCVA postoperatively was 0.79 (+/- 0.13). The mean aqua time was 3.11 s (+/- 1.55 s) with maximum nuclear sclerosis of up to grade 3 (mean nuclear sclerosis 1.9). The aqua time correlated with the nuclear sclerosis (r = 0.90). The mean intraoperative pupil diameter was 7.2 (+/- 0.7) mm. In 2 of 3 patients with an intraoperative pupil diameter of 6 mm, iris touch occurred intraoperatively. There were no other intra- or postoperative complications. The frequency of iris touch was statistically significantly higher for reduced pupil diameters (p = 0.01). The nuclear grade with a maximum of 3 was without statistical significance to iris touch frequency (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The number of iris traumas is significantly higher when the intraoperative pupil diameter is reduced. The iris should be protected in these cases. A prospective, randomised study should be performed to compare the number of intraoperative complications between ultrasound and Aqualase phacoemulsification.
authors.affiliation: Augenklinik des Helios-Klinikums Berlin Buch. jkuchenbecker@berlin.helios-kliniken.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuchenbecker
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Breuss
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bürger
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006874:Hydrostatic Pressure; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D007498:Iris / Q000293:injuries; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009184:Mydriatics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D018918:Phacoemulsification / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D011680:Pupil / Q000187:drug effects*; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D014331:Tropicamide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D009184:Mydriatics; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D014331:Tropicamide; D004837:Epinephrine