title: Augmented lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-alpha production by peritoneal macrophages in type 2 diabetic mice is dependent on elevated glucose and requires p38 MAPK.
abstract: Dysregulated inflammation is a complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this study, we show that augmented LPS-induced TNF-alpha production by resident peritoneal macrophages (PerMphi) in type 2 diabetic (db/db) mice is dependent on elevated glucose and requires p38 MAPK. Intraperitoneal LPS administered to db/db and nondiabetic (db/+) mice induced 3- and 4-fold more TNF-alpha in the peritoneum and serum, respectively, of db/db mice as compared with db/+ mice. Examination of the TLR-4/MD2 complex and CD14 expression showed no difference between db/db and db/+ PerMphi. Ex vivo stimulation of PerMphi with LPS produced a similar 3-fold increase in TNF-alpha production in db/db PerMphi when compared with db/+ PerMphi. PerMphi isolated from db/+ mice incubated in high glucose (4 g/L) medium for 12 h produced nearly 2-fold more TNF-alpha in response to LPS than PerMphi incubated in normal glucose medium (1 g/L). LPS-dependent stimulation of PI3K activity, ERK1/2 activation, and p38 kinase activity was greater in PerMphi from db/db mice as compared with db/+ mice. Only inhibition of p38 kinase blocked LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in PerMphi from db/db mice. Taken together, these data indicate that augmented TNF-alpha production induced by LPS in macrophages during diabetes is due to hyperglycemia and increased LPS-dependent activation of p38 kinase.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutritional Sciences, Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois, 506 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Christina L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Sherry
authors.forename: Jason C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: Jason M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Gregory G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Freund
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D005947:Glucose