title: Segmentation of the gallbladder: effect on bile entry and exit and its clinical relevance in a patient with abdominal pain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effects of folds or septa on gallbladder filling and emptying are not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gallbladder filling and emptying were measured in seven patients with two chambers (segmental) and compared with 10 subjects with a single chamber (control). Percent bile flow into gallbladder, and percent ejection fraction from the proximal and distal segments, and entire gallbladder were measured with cholecystokinin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bile entry into gallbladder was similar in both groups. In patients with segmentation, overall emptying was low mostly due to poor emptying of the distal segment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Segmentation of the gallbladder does not affect bile entry, but acting as a one-way valve, a fold or septum lowers emptying significantly, mostly from the distal segment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tuality Community Hospital, 335 SE 8th Avenue, Hillsboro, OR, USA. GTKrishna@aol.com
authors.forename: Gerbail T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Krishnamurthy
authors.forename: Shakuntala
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krishnamurthy
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Milleson
authors.forename: Paul H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Donna S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Urstadt
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004848:Epithelium / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D016473:Gallbladder Emptying; D005998:Glycine; D006801:Humans; D007098:Imino Acids; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D007098:Imino Acids; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C034837:technetium Tc 99m mebrofenin; D005998:Glycine