title: Exposure to lead and length of time needed to make homes lead-safe for young children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We determined the length of time needed to make homes lead-safe in a population of children aged 0 to 6 years with blood lead levels (BLLs) of 20 micrograms per deciliter (mug/dL) or greater. Reducing this time would reduce children's exposure to lead.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data came from the Wisconsin Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program's comprehensive blood lead surveillance system. Analysis was restricted to children whose first BLL test value during 1996-1999 was between 20 and 40 mug/dL and for whom housing intervention data were available (n=382).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median length of time required to make a home lead-safe was 465 days. Only 18% of children lived in homes that were made lead-safe within 6 months; 45% lived in homes requiring more than 18 months to be lead-safe.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Efforts are needed to reduce the time it takes to make a home lead-safe. Although abatement orders always include time limits, improved compliance with the orders must be enforced. Greater emphasis should be placed on securing lead-safe or lead-free housing for families, thus reducing lead exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA. kzierold@wfubmc.edu
authors.forename: Kristina M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Zierold
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Havlena
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D002028:Building Codes; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003666:Decontamination; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006798:Housing / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood*; D007855:Lead Poisoning / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011635:Public Health Administration; D012449:Safety; D013995:Time; D014922:Wisconsin
chemical_list: D007854:Lead