title: Contribution of Trf4/5 and the nuclear exosome to genome stability through regulation of histone mRNA levels in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
abstract: Balanced levels of histones are crucial for chromosome stability, and one major component of this control regulates histone mRNA amounts. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae poly(A) polymerases Trf4 and Trf5 are involved in a quality control mechanism that mediates polyadenylation and consequent degradation of various RNA species by the nuclear exosome. None of the known RNA targets, however, explains the fact that trf mutants have specific cell cycle defects consistent with a role in maintaining genome stability. Here, we investigate the role of Trf4/5 in regulation of histone mRNA levels. We show that loss of Trf4 and Trf5, or of Rrp6, a component of the nuclear exosome, results in elevated levels of transcripts encoding DNA replication-dependent histones. Suggesting that increased histone levels account for the phenotypes of trf mutants, we find that TRF4 shows synthetic genetic interactions with genes that negatively regulate histone levels, including RAD53. Moreover, synthetic lethality of trf4Delta rad53Delta is rescued by reducing histone levels whereas overproduction of histones is deleterious to trf's and rrp6Delta mutants. These results identify TRF4, TRF5, and RRP6 as new players in the regulation of histone mRNA levels in yeast. To our knowledge, the histone transcripts are the first mRNAs that are upregulated in Trf mutants.
authors.affiliation: Braun Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
authors.forename: Clara C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: Judith L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D015152:Blotting, Northern; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000235:genetics*; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / Q000235:genetics*; D005095:Exoribonucleases / Q000235:genetics*; D063326:Exosome Multienzyme Ribonuclease Complex; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal / Q000235:genetics*; D042822:Genomic Instability / Q000235:genetics*; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D006657:Histones; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; C506067:Trf5 protein, S cerevisiae; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; C487545:PAP2 protein, S cerevisiae; D005095:Exoribonucleases; D063326:Exosome Multienzyme Ribonuclease Complex; C112610:RRP6 protein, S cerevisiae