title: MR in patients with pacemakers and ICDs: Defining the issues.
abstract: There has been great controversy related to performance of magnetic resonance imaging in patients with pacemakers and implantable cardiac defibrillators. Recent questions have been raised regarding whether contraindications are absolute or relative. Although there are theoretical as well as documented issues relating to device malfunction, data suggest that scanning patients with devices may be feasible when important clinical questions need to be addressed by following strict guidelines. Advanced knowledge and understanding of electrophysiologic as well as magnetic resonance imaging-related issues, and a multidisciplinary, collaborative approach is required to further define the role of MR in patients with pacemakers and implantable cardiac defibrillators.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA. shinbane@usc.edu
authors.forename: Jerold S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Shinbane
authors.forename: Patrick M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Colletti
authors.forename: Frank G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Shellock
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000009:adverse effects; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects