title: Comparison of temperature increase in the pulp chamber during the polymerization of materials used for the direct fabrication of provisional restorations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polymerization of resin materials used for the fabrication of provisional restorations is associated with an exothermic reaction. This temperature rise may present a serious biological problem, since it can cause iatrogenic thermal trauma to the pulp.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This in vitro study compared the temperature increase in the pulp chamber of a molar placed in contact with different resins used for the direct fabrication of provisional restorations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polymethyl methacrylate (Jet), polyethyl methacrylate (Snap), polyvinylethyl methacrylate (Trim), Bis-acrylic composite (Protemp II), and a VLP urethane dimethacrylate (Revotec LC) were compared with respect to their exothermic reaction properties during polymerization. A mandibular molar prepared for a complete coverage restoration was placed in an acrylic resin block. A thermal probe connected to a digital thermometer was placed into the pulp chamber. Specimens were submerged in a water bath to simulate intraoral conditions. The provisional resin materials tested were measured and mixed according to manufacturer's instructions. The resin mixture was placed into a vacuum-formed acetate template and was then positioned on the prepared molar tooth. The temperature was recorded during polymerization at 30-second intervals until it was evident that the peak temperature had been reached. Temperature increase was measured ( degrees C) for both the initial crown fabrication and the reline procedures. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, 1-way analysis of variance, and Tukey Honestly Significant Difference tests (alpha=.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  One-way ANOVA revealed significant differences (F=57.010, P<.0001) in temperature rise for different provisional resin materials. Mean temperature increase for the provisional crown fabrication ranged from 37.76 degrees C for the polyvinylethyl methacrylate to 39.40 degrees C for the polymethyl methacrylate. Mean temperature rise for the reline procedures ranged from 36.80 degrees C for the polyvinylethyl methacrylate to 37.69 degrees C for the polymethyl methacrylate. All of the tested materials produced an exothermic chemical reaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polymethyl methacrylate produced the higher exothermic reaction in both initial crown fabrication and reline procedures. Polyethyl methacrylate, polyvinylethyl methacrylate, and Bis-acrylic resins tested were not significantly different from each other.
authors.affiliation: Division of Graduate and Postgraduate Prosthodontics, Tufts University, School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. kmichalakis@the.forthnet.gr <kmichalakis@the.forthnet.gr>
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Michalakis
authors.forename: Argiris
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pissiotis
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirayama
authors.forename: Kiho
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kafantaris
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003723:Dental Amalgam / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000737:chemistry*; D003794:Dental Restoration, Temporary / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008963:Molar / Q000737:chemistry*; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D003723:Dental Amalgam; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate