title: The recruitment order of electrically activated motor neurons investigated with a novel collision technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The development of a novel collision technique for assessment of the activation order of electrically activated nerve fibers, which is an important question in functional electrical therapy or for interpretation of results of motor unit number estimates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Compound muscle action potentials were recorded with the belly-tendon configuration from the abductor digiti minimi. A novel modified Hopf's collision technique was applied on ten healthy male subjects to determine the distributions of conduction velocities (DCV) of all ulnar nerve fibers and of the fibers activated by electrical stimuli eliciting 20%, 50%, and 80% of the maximal muscle response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maximum nerve conduction velocity was (means+/-SE) 64.1+/-0.85m/s. The median conduction velocity of estimated DCV was 58.9+/-0.97m/s (stimulus at 20%), 58.0+/-0.98m/s (50%), 57.2+/-0.91m/s (80%), and 56.5+/-0.84m/s (whole nerve) (all different between each other, P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed collision technique allows the assessment of nerve conduction velocity distributions at maximal and sub-maximal stimulation levels and provided evidence for an inverse activation order of nerve fibers with electrical stimulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The excessive fatigue seen with nerve electrical stimulation can be explained by a preferential activation of large diameter nerve fibers. The motor units first activated with electrical stimulation are likely not representative of the motor unit pool in the muscle, which poses limitations in the reliability of some of the proposed methods for motor unit counting.
authors.affiliation: Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI), Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7 D-2, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hennings
authors.forename: Ernest Nlandu
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Kamavuako
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Farina
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D001369:Axons / Q000502:physiology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004594:Electrophysiology / Q000379:methods*; D006225:Hand / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000502:physiology; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000502:physiology; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000502:physiology*; D011999:Recruitment, Neurophysiological / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values