title: The role of cement viscosity on cement-bone apposition and strength: an in vitro model with medullary bleeding.
abstract: We compared the mechanical and morphological characteristics of cement-bone structures created with either standard- or low-viscosity cement using a human cadaver model that simulated intramedullary bleeding. The goal is to determine if the viscosity of the cement would affect the strength of the cement-bone interface and the degree of apposition between the cement and bone. The tensile strength of cement-bone constructs with standard-viscosity cement (2.42 +/- 1.55 MPa) was 21% stronger than with low-viscosity cement (2.00 +/- 1.51 MPa, P = .034). Cement-bone apposition was positively correlated (r2 = 0.29, P <. 0001) with the strength of the interface. There was 15% greater apposition between cement and bone (P = .036) for standard-viscosity cement. Low-viscosity cement may be less effective in displacing bone marrow and in preventing hemodynamic backflow, resulting in less apposition and a weaker interface.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Amos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Race
authors.forename: Sameer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Higham
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Kenneth A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Mann
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Q000379:methods*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001843:Bone Cements; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000601:surgery*; D002102:Cadaver; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements