title: Prevention of menstrual attacks of migraine: a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of perimenstrual estradiol supplements on menstrual attacks of migraine associated with estrogen withdrawal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with regular menstrual cycles and menstrual migraine or menstrually related migraine completed an initial three-cycle assessment confirming eligibility for a six-cycle crossover study using estradiol or placebo to prevent menstrual attacks of migraine. Women collected early morning samples of urine daily for laboratory assay and used a fertility monitor to identify peak fertility associated with ovulation. Estradiol gel or placebo was first applied on the tenth day following the first day of peak fertility and continued daily until, and including, the second full day of menstruation. Women kept a daily migraine diary and continued their usual treatment for migraine. The main outcome was the number of days during gel use on which a migraine occurred.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data from 35 women were available for a paired analysis. Percutaneous estradiol was associated with a 22% reduction in migraine days (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.99, p = 0.04); these migraines were less severe and less likely to be associated with nausea. This was, however, followed by a 40% increase in migraine in the 5 days following estradiol vs placebo (RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.92, p = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although perimenstrual percutaneous estradiol showed benefit during treatment, this was offset by deferred estrogen withdrawal, triggering post-dosing migraine immediately after the gel was stopped. Further work could assess if this could be avoided by extending the duration of treatment with estradiol.
authors.affiliation: The City of London Migraine Clinic, 22 Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6DX, UK. anne.macgregor@bartsandthelondon.nhs.uk
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: MacGregor
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frith
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aspinall
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hackshaw
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D008599:Menstruation Disturbances / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015990:Placebo Effect; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D004958:Estradiol