title: The inadequate effect of automobile seating on foot posture and callus development.
abstract: Driver posture is an important factor to be considered in the ergonomics design process of automobiles. Most decisions during automobile design and manufacture are informed by studying the intricate biomechanical components of human musculoskeletal systems to ensure maximum comfort, safety and well-being during driving. A case study is presented that confirms inappropriate foot position as a causative factor for the development of abnormal lateral/plantar heel callosities when driving a 4 x 4-style vehicle. The driver's foot position was influenced by the seat geometry of the vehicle. Cessation of driving the 4 x 4-style vehicle and driving of an alternative automobile while on holiday for a period of 4 weeks resolved the condition. On return to the 4 x 4-style vehicle, however, the abnormal callus patterns redeveloped while using the same footwear and no change in any other parameters. It is therefore suggested that seat and consequent foot position is an important ergonomic factor that should be addressed in the future design of automobile seating.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Motion Analysis & Research (IMAR), Tayside Orthopaedic & Rehabilitation Technology (TORT) Centre, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rajput
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Abboud
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001334:Automobile Driving; D001336:Automobiles / Q000592:standards; D002145:Callosities / Q000209:etiology*; D004867:Equipment Design; D016552:Ergometry; D006365:Heel; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011312:Pressure / Q000009:adverse effects