title: [Practical aspects regarding endoscopic treatment for epistaxis].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A prospective study is presented to evaluate some practical and financial aspects regarding surgical endoscopic ligation or cauterization of sphenopalatine (SP) and anterior ethmoidal (AE) arteries performed to control posterior nasal bleeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  35 patients admitted at the ENT ward between 2004 and 2006 were included in the study, and distributed into two groups depending on the protocol applied in each case. Until March 2005 the surgery was performed if there was failure or insecurity of the posterior packing, and since that date a substitutive surgical protocol (not including posterior packing) was applied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  82.9% of the patients were male, with a mean age of 55.74 years and a left bleeding in a 60% of the cases. Ligature/cauterization was performed on SP in 28 (80%) patients, on AE in 4 (11.4%), and on both arteries in 3 cases (8.6%). 38.7% of the SP approach only one sphenopalatine foramen was observed, through which an only branch of the artery passed; 42% of the cases two branches passed through an only foramen, and in 19.3% two or more branches were present, breaking into the nose through two or more independent clefts. AE was intradural in 3 cases, intranasal attached to the cranial base in other 3 and intranasal detached to the cranial base in 1 patient. Besides, highly significant differences were found between the two protocols, observing a mean reduction of hospital stay of 3.1 days, which throws up savings of 939.3 euros per patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical treatment for epistaxis has proved to be effective (91.2% in our experience) and safe, determining an important reduction in hospital stay and avoiding the morbility of posterior packing. Accurate knowledge of the anatomy of the arteries implied and specific actuation upon the correct bleeding territory are essential to perform this surgery.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de ORL, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario "Infanta Cristina", Badajoz. gtrinidad@gmail.com
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Trinidad Ruiz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rejas Ugena
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: González Palomino
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Pantoja Hernández
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Mora Santos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blasco Huelva
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods*; D004844:Epistaxis / Q000191:economics* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies