Evidence-based radiology: steps 1 and 2--asking answerable questions and searching for evidence.
Evidence-based medicine originated at McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, where it was defined as "the integration of current best evidence with clinical expertise and patient values" by the Evidence-based Medicine Working Group led by Drs Gordon Guyatt and David Sackett. From this developed the McMaster University and National Health Service Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, University of Oxford, paradigm of evidence-based practice, which consists of five steps that can be used by ordinary practitioners: formulate answerable questions with which to search for evidence, search the literature, appraise the retrieved evidence by using explicit methods, apply results to a patient or patient group, and evaluate one's evidence-based practice and clinical performance and practice. This communication is about the first two steps of this process. Step 1 provides a framework for more effective question formulation that improves subsequent literature searches. It works equally well for questions about diagnostic and interventional radiology. A clinical scenario for a diagnostic question is used to illustrate the formulation of an answerable question. This question is then used to illustrate step 2-how and where to search for evidence.
Staunton
Marie
M
Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2R6. maristaunton@eircom.net
D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval / Q000379:methods*; D011642:Publications; D011871:Radiology / Q000379:methods*; D012107:Research Design