title: Superiority of allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation compared with chemotherapy alone in high-risk childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from ALL-BFM 90 and 95.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The role of hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (SCT) in first complete remission (CR1) for children with very high-risk (VHR) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is still under critical discussion.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the ALL-Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster (BFM) 90 and ALL-BFM 95 trials, 387 patients were eligible for SCT if there was a matched sibling donor (MSD). T-cell ALL (T-ALL) patients with poor in vivo response to initial treatment represented the largest homogeneous subgroup within VHR patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 191 high-risk (HR) T-ALL patients, 179 patients (94%) achieved CR1. Twenty-three patients received an MSD-SCT. Furthermore, in trial ALL-BFM 95, eight matched unrelated donors (MUDs) and five mismatched family donors (MMFDs) were used. The median time to SCT was 5 months (range, 2.4 to 10.8 months) from diagnosis. The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 67% +/- 8% for 36 patients who received an SCT in CR1 and 42% +/- 5% for the 120 patients treated with chemotherapy alone having an event-free survival time of at least the median time to transplantation (Mantel-Byar, P = .01). Overall survival (OS) rate for the SCT group was 67% +/- 8% at 5 years, whereas patients treated with chemotherapy alone had an OS rate of 47% +/- 5% at 5 years (Mantel-Byar, P = .01). Outcome of patients who received MSD-SCT versus MUD-/MMFD-SCT was comparable (DFS, 65% +/- 10% v 69% +/- 13%, respectively). However, relapses only occurred after MSD-SCT (eight of 23 patients), whereas treatment-related mortality only occurred after MUD-/MMFD-SCT (four of 13 patients).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SCT in CR1 is superior to treatment with chemotherapy alone for childhood HR-T-ALL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schrauder
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reiter
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gadner
authors.forename: Dietrich
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Niethammer
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Klingebiel
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kremens
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Wolfram
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ebell
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Niggli
authors.forename: Wolf-Dieter
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.forename: Hansjörg
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Riehm
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Welte
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schrappe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006650:Histocompatibility Testing; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015459:Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous