title: Perceived parental rearing of bipolar offspring.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the impact of growing up with a parent with a bipolar disorder. First, we compared parental rearing behavior perceived by young adult offspring of bipolar parents with parental rearing behavior perceived by same aged young adults from the general population. Secondly, we examined the associations between perceived parental rearing behavior and parental psychopathology and psychopathology in offspring.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 129 offspring of 80 bipolar parents and their spouses and 1122 young adults from the general population. In offspring the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV was used to assess DSM-IV diagnoses and the EMBU was used to assess perceived parental rearing in both groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In general, offspring growing up in a family with a bipolar parent perceived their mothers as less rejecting, more emotionally warm and less overprotecting and their fathers as less emotionally warm and less overprotecting compared with young adults from the general population. Perceived rejection was related to psychopathology in offspring.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, parental rearing in families with a parent with a bipolar disorder is not more dysfunctional, as perceived by their offspring, than in families from the general population. Offspring with a bipolar disorder perceive their parents as more rejecting.
authors.affiliation: Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam/Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. c.reichart@accare.nl
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Reichart
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van der Ende
authors.forename: M H J
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hillegers
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wals
authors.forename: I L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Bongers
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Nolen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ormel
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Verhulst
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D032721:Adult Children / Q000523:psychology*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005219:Father-Child Relations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009426:Netherlands; D009769:Object Attachment; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D010552:Personality Assessment; D011599:Psychopathology; D012016:Reference Values; D012059:Rejection, Psychology; D012189:Retrospective Studies