title: Establishing a human chorionic gonadotropin cutoff to guide methotrexate treatment of ectopic pregnancy: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Successful medical management of an ectopic pregnancy is inversely associated with initial hCG level. The purpose of this publication is to assess whether there is a level of hCG above which failure rate substantially increases.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review and summary analysis was performed, including studies reporting methotrexate treatment outcomes as stratified by various hCG ranges.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of published information regarding patients treated with methotrexate.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Success and failure rate of medical management.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five observational studies, including 503 women, were found that reported successes in using single-dose methotrexate stratified by initial hCG concentration. Failure rates increase with increasing hCG levels. A substantial and statistically significant increase in failure rates is seen when comparing patients who have initial hCG levels of >5,000 mIU/mL with those who have initial levels of <5,000 mIU/mL (odds ratio: 5.45; 95% confidence interval: 3.04, 9.78). The failure rate for women who had an initial concentration between 5,000 and 9,999 mIU/mL was significantly higher than that for those who had initial levels between 2,000 and 4,999 mIU/mL (odds ratio: 3.76; 95% confidence interval: 1.16, 12.33).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results support a substantial increase in failure of medical management with single-dose methotrexate when the initial hCG is above 5,000 mIU/mL. Methotrexate should be used with caution in patients with ectopic pregnancy who present with hCG levels above this level.
authors.affiliation: Penn Fertility Care, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Colins
authors.forename: Kurt T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Barnhart
mesh_terms: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011271:Pregnancy, Ectopic / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D008727:Methotrexate