title: Incidence and risk factors of disability in the elderly: the Rotterdam Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study analyzed the incidence of disability and its risk factors in multiple dimensions in community-dwelling women and men of older age, between 1990 and 1999, in Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this community-based prospective longitudinal study, data were obtained from the Rotterdam Study that comprised a cohort of 7983 elderly who are 55 and over. The study sample for incident disability consisted of 4258 subjects who were disability free at baseline and had complete outcome data at follow-up, 6 years later. Sociodemographic factors, lifestyle variables, health conditions and disability status were assessed at baseline and follow-up. Disability was defined as a Disability Index (DI) > or =0.50 according to the Health Assessment Questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate analyses, performed separately due to gender differences, revealed that age, self-rated health, overweight, depression, joint complaints, medication use were predictors of disability for both men and women. Stroke, falling and presence of comorbidities predicted disability in men only while having a partner, poor cognitive functioning, osteoarthritis and morning stiffness only predicted disability in women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Identified risk factors in this study are to some extent modifiable, enabling interventive strategies, reckoning with gender differences in risk profile, in order to prevent disability.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. u.tas@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: Umit
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Taş
authors.forename: Arianne P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Verhagen
authors.forename: Sita M A
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bierma-Zeinstra
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofman
authors.forename: Else
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Odding
authors.forename: Huib A P
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Pols
authors.forename: Bart W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Koes
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors