title: Ethnic considerations in the treatment of Hispanic and Latin-American patients with hyperpigmentation.
abstract: Latin-Americans have a heterogeneous ancestry that is defined by their place of domicile, while Hispanics are defined as those persons of Spanish descent. These two groups have a diverse range of skin phototypes and pigmentation and are prone to an increased incidence of melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Little research has been conducted to evaluate the frequency, course, effects, tolerability and treatment response of skin diseases in Hispanic and Latin-American populations. From the limited data that are available it is considered that the treatment of melasma in these two groups does not differ from the general population. First-line therapy of melasma should consist of effective topical therapies, mainly a fixed triple combination of hydroquinone, retinoic acid and fluocinolone acetonide. Where patients have either sensitivity or triple combination therapy is unavailable, other compounds with dual ingredients may be considered as an alternative. Options for second-line therapy include peels either alone or in combination with topical therapy. Lasers should rarely be used in the treatment of melasma and then only as third-line therapy in cases of melasma which is resistant to all other therapies. If applied, skin type must be taken into account. Irritation and sensitivity can be a concern in darker-skinned Hispanic patients and for this reason, the risk of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) following treatment should be considered.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sol, Brazil. dohexsel@terra.com.br
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hexsel
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Arellano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rendon
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005148:Facial Dermatoses / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology; D005446:Fluocinolone Acetonide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017495:Hyperpigmentation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology*; D007641:Keratolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007843:Latin America / Q000208:ethnology; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012880:Skin Pigmentation; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D006873:Hydroquinones; D007641:Keratolytic Agents; D005446:Fluocinolone Acetonide; D014212:Tretinoin; C035394:fluocinolone; D020156:Salicylic Acid; C031927:hydroquinone