title: Competition for neuronal resources: how hallucinations make themselves heard.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hallucinations are perceptions in the absence of a corresponding external sensory stimulus. However, during auditory verbal hallucinations, activation of the primary auditory cortex has been described.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to investigate whether this activation of the auditory cortex contributes essentially to the character of hallucinations and attributes them to alien sources, or whether the auditory activation is a sign of increased general auditory attention to external sounds.
  
  
  METHODS
  The responsiveness of the auditory cortex was investigated by auditory evoked potentials (N100) during the simultaneous occurrence of hallucinations and external stimuli. Evoked potentials were computed separately for periods with and without hallucinations; N100 power, topography and brain electrical sources were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hallucinations lowered the N100 amplitudes and changed the topography, presumably due to a reduced left temporal responsivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This finding indicates competition between auditory stimuli and hallucinations for physiological resources in the primary auditory cortex. The abnormal activation of the primary auditory cortex may thus be a constituent of auditory hallucinations.
authors.affiliation: University Hospital of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatric Neurophysiology, Bolligenstrasse 111, CH-3000 Bern 60, Switzerland. hubl@puk.unibe.ch
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hubl
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koenig
authors.forename: Werner K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Strik
authors.forename: Lester Melie
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dierks
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*