title: Hair analysis of histamine and several metabolites in C3H/HeNCrj mice by ultra performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-TOF-MS): influence of hair cycle and age.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  According to a previous study, the concentration of HA in the hair of SD rats was similar in each rat and the variation in HA concentration was not so great. However, the concentration in human hair was fairly different in each person. As possible reasons for the higher variation in human hair, the differences in hair cycles and age in each person may be considerable. Based on this idea, the studies using C3H/HeNCrj mice who can synchronize their hair cycle were performed for resolution of the influence of hair cycle and age.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of hair cycle and age on the concentration of histamine (HA) and several metabolites, i.e., 1-methylhistamine (MHA), imidazole-4-acetic acid (IAA), and 1-methyl-4-imidazole-acetic acid (MIAA), in C3H/HeNCrj mice hair were investigated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS). HA and the metabolites were labeled with 4-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DBD-F) and 4-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-7-piperazino-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DBD-PZ). The resulting derivatives were separated by UPLC and determined with ESI-TOF-MS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A good linearity was achieved from the calibration curves, obtained by plotting the peak area ratios of the analytes relative to the internal standard (IS), i.e., histamine-alpha,alpha,beta,beta-d4 (HA-d4) or 4-imidazolecarboxylic acid (ICA), against the injected amounts of each compound. The detection limits of HA, MHA, IAA, and MIAA on mass chromatograms were 0.21, 1.0, 0.17, and 0.11 pmol, respectively. The concentrations of HA and the metabolites in the hair shafts and hair root of C3H/HeNCrj mice were determined by this method. The concentration of HA in the hair shaft was relatively higher in the telogen phase. In contrast, the HA content in the anagen phase was increased only in the hair root of old mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HA appears to possess some effect on hair growth, although the exact reason was not obvious. The HA metabolites, i.e., MHA, MIAA and IAA, were also determined the same as HA; however, the difference in the metabolite concentrations between the hair cycle and age was not clear in both hair shaft and hair root. Such studies of the effect of hair cycle and age on these concentrations are the first report. This analytical technique may be applicable to the determination of various biological compounds in hair.
authors.affiliation: Division of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and COE Program in the 21st Century, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawanishi
authors.forename: Toshimasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toyo'oka
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Munenori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Tomoji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inagaki
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D006632:Histamine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008761:Methylhistamines / Q000032:analysis; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D008761:Methylhistamines; C002667:methylimidazoleacetic acid; D006632:Histamine; C005954:imidazoleacetic acid; C020404:tele-methylhistamine