title: Phase I, pharmacokinetic, and biological study of erlotinib in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin in patients with advanced solid tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the feasibility of administering erlotinib, an inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase, in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin, and to identify pharmacokinetic interactions, evaluate downstream effects of EGFR inhibition on surrogate tissues, and seek preliminary evidence for clinical activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with advanced solid malignancies were treated continuously with erlotinib at doses of 100, 125, and 150 mg/d orally along with fixed i.v. doses of paclitaxel 225 mg/m(2) and carboplatin AUC 6 mg x min/mL, both on day 1 every 3 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty evaluable patients were treated with 136 courses of erlotinib, paclitaxel, and carboplatin. Myelosuppression, skin rash, and diarrhea were the principal toxicities. Dose limiting diarrhea occurred in 1 of 6 patients at the 100 mg erlotinib dose level, whereas 0 of 9 evaluable patients at the 125 mg erlotinib dose level experienced dose limiting toxicity and 3 of 5 evaluable patients at 150 mg erlotinib experienced dose limiting skin rash and neutropenic sepsis. There was no evidence of pharmacokinetic interactions between paclitaxel and erlotinib; however, total carboplatin exposure trended higher in the presence of erlotinib. No consistent downstream effects on EGFR inhibition were found in skin. Durable objective responses were observed in non-small-cell lung and head and neck cancers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A dose level of erlotinib 125 mg combined with paclitaxel 225 mg/m(2) and carboplatin AUC 6 mg.min/mL is recommended for disease-directed studies. This phase I trial was followed by a randomized phase III study in non-small-cell lung cancer using a similar regimen.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Drug Development, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA. apatnaik@idd.org
authors.forename: Amita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patnaik
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Anthony W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Tolcher
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Jeffrey I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Kreisberg
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.forename: Garry
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Muralidhar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beeram
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hidalgo
authors.forename: Monica M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mita
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nadler
authors.forename: Eric K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Rowinsky
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D000069347:Erlotinib Hydrochloride; D005260:Female; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011799:Quinazolines; D016190:Carboplatin; D000069347:Erlotinib Hydrochloride; D017239:Paclitaxel