title: The effects of feeding and fasting on gastrointestinal sounds in adult horses.
abstract: The effect of changes in feed intake on auscultatable gastrointestinal sounds has not been systematically studied. Disagreement also is present in the literature about variation in sounds according to the quadrant of auscultation. Gastrointestinal sounds were recorded over the center of the left dorsal, left ventral, right ventral, and right dorsal quadrants and over the middle of the right abdominal flank. During 24 hours (n = 4) or 48 hours (n = 5) of fasting, there was a reduction in the intensity of gastrointestinal sounds as assessed by analysis of sound recordings. There was also a reduction in the number of mixing-like and propulsive-like sounds heard by 2 blinded observers. After refeeding, there was a marked increase in sound. Sound intensity varied among abdominal quadrants, but blinded observers did not notice significant differences in the number of mixing-like sounds. The left dorsal quadrant was quieter than others during fasting and refeeding. The right ventral quadrant appeared to be least affected by fasting, and sounds were louder over the right ventral and right middle quadrants than over the others. The blinded observers' perceptions of sound correlated poorly with one another and with objective measures of sound intensity. This experiment demonstrates the effectiveness of computerized analysis of abdominal sound in detecting a reduction in the intensity of gastrointestinal sounds during fasting and their return during refeeding. The left dorsal quadrant was quieter than other quadrants, likely because of its position over the small colon. There was considerable observer variation in the number of intestinal sounds heard.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St Kitts, West Indies. jnaylor@rossvet.edu.kn
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Naylor
authors.forename: Kristin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Poirier
authors.forename: Donald L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Patricia M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Dowling
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001314:Auscultation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D004068:Digestive System Physiological Phenomena; D005215:Fasting / Q000502:physiology*; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000502:physiology; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit / Q000502:physiology; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology*; D013016:Sound