title: Laparoscopic sentinel node navigation achieved by infrared ray electronic endoscopy system in patients with gastric cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The sentinel node (SN) concept has attracted considerable attention recently for the treatment of patients with early gastric cancer (EGC). This study evaluated the feasibility of laparoscopic SN navigation achieved by means of an infrared ray electronic endoscopy (IREE) system with indocyanine green (ICG) injection in patients with EGC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laparoscopic SN navigation was performed for 16 patients with preoperatively diagnosed EGC. After identification of SNs, routine laparoscopically assisted distal gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy was performed. Lymph nodes were examined histologically for metastasis by hematoxylin and eosin staining on one section of each node.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One or more SNs and lymphatic basins were detected in all 16 patients. The average number of SNs detected was 2.9. Lymph node metastasis was found in 2 of the 16 patients (13%). In one of these two patients, lymph node metastasis was found in SNs. In the other patient, metastasis was found in a non-SN rather than a SN, but in the same lymphatic basin. The accuracy of this detection method was 94%, and there was one false-negative case. No adverse events occurred after injection of ICG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic SN navigation by means of IREE combined with ICG injection is feasible for patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for EGC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan. ishikwa@med.oita-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shiromizu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Etoh
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D020699:Gastroscopes; D005773:Gastroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000032:analysis; D007259:Infrared Rays; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007208:Indocyanine Green