title: Manually controlled total intravenous anesthesia augmented by electrophysiologic monitoring for complex stereotactic neurosurgical procedures.
abstract: Stereotactically guided procedures are performed for an ever extending range of conditions. They present a unique anesthetic challenge. In our institution, a standardized anesthetic protocol for total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) augmented by electrophysiologic monitoring with BIS or AEP monitors was introduced. We conducted a retrospective study of 21 patients (ASA status 2-3) presenting for stereotactically guided procedures who were anesthetized according to the protocol. Median duration of anesthesia was 260 minutes (222 to 325 min); on average 3.0 (1.0 to 4.2) adjustments to the TIVA-protocol were made per patient. Highest and lowest mean arterial blood pressures in relation to baselines were 100% (87.5% to 109.8%) and 68.7% (64.0% to 72.6%), respectively. Likewise highest and lowest heart rates recorded were 106.7% (98.5% to 119.0%) and 75.0% (68.2% to 83.3%). After discontinuation of TIVA, spontaneous breathing returned after 5.0 minutes (4.0 to 8.0 min), extubation was possible after 6.0 minutes (5.0 to 10.0 min) and patients were ready for discharge to the ward after 15.0 minutes (12.0 to 18.0 min). There were no cases of postoperative nausea or vomiting. We found that manually controlled TIVA, augmented by electrophysiologic monitoring, facilitated maintenance of an appropriate depth of anesthesia with stable hemodynamics and excellent recovery times.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. oguzhan.dagtekin@uk-koeln.de
authors.forename: Oguzhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dagtekin
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Berlet
authors.forename: Achilles
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Delis
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kampe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000097:blood; D002138:Calibration; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D010880:Piperidines / Q000097:blood; D015742:Propofol / Q000097:blood; D000077208:Remifentanil; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D010880:Piperidines; D000077208:Remifentanil; D015742:Propofol