Drug-resistant HIV-1 prevalence in patients newly diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in Japan.
The increasing prevalence of drug-resistant HIV transmission has become a critical epidemic in the world today. Studies in developed countries reported 8-27% of newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients are infected by drug-resistant strains. To determine the prevalence of drug-resistant HIV-1 among newly diagnosed cases in Japan, eight HIV/AIDS clinical centers, three public health laboratories and the National Institute of Infectious Diseases conducted a nationwide survey. Between January 2003 and December 2004, 575 newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients with both acute and chronic infections were enrolled in the study. Twenty-three cases, including three recently infected patients, were infected with HIV-1 having major drug-resistance mutations, including M41L, D67N, L100I, K103N, V106A, M184I, M184V, L210W, and revertant mutations at the 215 codon in reverse transcriptase and M46I in protease encoding regions. In this newly diagnosed population, we also clarified the prevalence of hepatitis virus coinfection, which was 8.8% for HBV and 4.3% for HCV. In conclusion, the drug-resistant transmission rate was 4.0% in Japan. Although this rate is significantly lower than that of other developed countries, this rate almost reaches the threshold at which baseline genotypic resistance testing would be cost-effective for all infected persons before initiating therapy.
Gatanaga
Hiroyuki
H
International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, Japan.
Ibe
Shiro
S
Matsuda
Masakazu
M
Yoshida
Shigeru
S
Asagi
Tsukasa
T
Kondo
Makiko
M
Sadamasu
Kenji
K
Tsukada
Hiroki
H
Masakane
Aki
A
Mori
Haruyo
H
Takata
Noboru
N
Minami
Rumi
R
Tateyama
Masao
M
Koike
Takao
T
Itoh
Toshihiro
T
Imai
Mitsunobu
M
Nagashima
Mami
M
Gejyo
Fumitake
F
Ueda
Mikio
M
Hamaguchi
Motohiro
M
Kojima
Yoko
Y
Shirasaka
Takuma
T
Kimura
Akiro
A
Yamamoto
Masahiro
M
Fujita
Jiro
J
Oka
Shinichi
S
Sugiura
Wataru
W
D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003625:Data Collection; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D006679:HIV Seropositivity; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D015995:Prevalence; D012309:Risk-Taking; D019562:Viral Load