title: Mother rabbits and their offspring: timing is everything.
abstract: Mother rabbits nurse once every 24 hr for ca. 3 min. The contribution of pup stimulation to the regulation of this process was investigated by: reducing litter size to one pup, covering all the mother's nipples, or taping the mouths of an eight-pup litter. Time inside the nest box with the young significantly increased under all these conditions. Yet, eight pups sucking on a single nipple allowed a normal time in the nest box. Bringing the litter to the mother earlier than usual promoted maternal behavior expression twice in 24 hr; the proportion of responsive females and the time at which they responded depended on the size of the litter suckled. These findings indicate that: (a) suckling determines the time inside the nest box and prevents mothers from responding to further pup stimulation for a variable time; (b) pup exposure promotes maternal behavior, even "out of phase" with circadian rhythmicity.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Reproducción, Animal: CINVESTAV-Universidad, Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Apdo. Postal 62. Tlaxcala, Tlax. 90000 Mexico. gglezm@prodigy.net.mx
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: González-Mariscal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000833:Animals, Suckling / Q000502:physiology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology*; D008425:Maternal Behavior / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000032:analysis; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos