Niche-to-niche migration of bone-marrow-derived cells.
During ontogenesis, haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) relocate between extra-embryonic and embryonic compartments. Similarly, site-specific homing of HSCs is ongoing during adulthood. With the expanding knowledge of HSC physiology, a new paradigm emerges in which HSCs and haematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) migrate to defined microenvironments within the bone marrow (BM) and to 'activated' or 'inducible' niches elsewhere. Here, we summarize current understanding of HSC niche characteristics, and the physiological and pathological mechanisms that guide HSC homing both within the BM and to distant niches in the periphery, promoting new vessel growth in tumours and ischaemia. Recent observations suggest that features of the HSC niche might also be recapitulated in pre-metastatic sites. Clusters of BM-derived HPCs promote invasion of disseminating cancer cells. Clear clinical benefits can be foreseen by modulating HSCs and their microenvironments, in promoting tissue regeneration, and inhibiting tumourigenesis and cancer metastasis.
Kaplan
Rosandra N
RN
Department of Pediatrics, Weill College of Medicine at Cornell University and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY10021, USA.
Psaila
Bethan
B
Lyden
David
D
D000818:Animals; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000166:cytology; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000502:physiology; D047109:Fetal Development; D006410:Hematopoiesis; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D044169:Receptors, Calcium-Sensing / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction
C515255:CXCL12 protein, human; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D044169:Receptors, Calcium-Sensing