title: Severity of hand eczema assessed by patients and dermatologist using a photographic guide.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The severity of hand eczema is of interest in epidemiological studies. Ideally, as no validated methods of self-assessment exist, a dermatologist should examine all subjects. However, this is very resource intensive.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine if severity grading performed by patients with hand eczema using a self-administered photographic guide was in agreement with the assessment performed by a trained dermatologist. Furthermore, to measure the correlation between the severity of hand eczema expressed on a visual analogue scale (VAS) and the clinical severity assessment, using the photographic guide.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-three consecutive outpatients with hand eczema were included, a number based on a prestudy statistical calculation. The patients were asked to grade current severity of their hand eczema by choosing one of four groups of photographs representing differing severities of hand eczema. On the same day all patients were examined by an experienced dermatologist, who graded the severity using the same photographic guide. The photographic guide was a modified version of a validated guide for use by physicians. In addition, the patients rated the severity of their hand eczema on a VAS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-one of the respondents completed the full questionnaire. For 37 of the 51 patients (73%) the clinical severity assessments of patient and dermatologist were identical. The measure of agreement, Cohen's kappa coefficient, was 0.61, indicating good inter-rater agreement. The correlation between the dermatologist-rated severity and the corresponding score by the patients on the VAS was only moderate (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient rho = 0.52).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The photographic guide for the self-assessment of hand eczema is an easy instrument to use, and for research purposes can be a reliable tool for patients with hand eczema to grade severity. A VAS can only be considered as a mediocre tool for estimation of the dermatologist-rated clinical severity, but should be validated as an independent instrument to assess severity of hand eczema.
authors.affiliation: National Allergy Research Centre, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. marhal02@gentoftehosp.kbhamt.dk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hald
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Veien
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Laurberg
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Johansen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods; D004485:Eczema / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006229:Hand Dermatoses / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010781:Photography / Q000592:standards*; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013223:Statistics as Topic / Q000379:methods