title: Comparison of lip positions in ancient Buddhas with Japanese adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the lip positions found in two ancient Buddha statues with the lip positions in contemporary Japanese adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  The facial profiles of Yakushi-ji temple Sho Kannon (male) and Chugu-ji temple Bodhisattva (female), generally considered to be two of the most beautiful Buddha statues in existence, were compared with the facial profiles of 30 Japanese dental students. Profiles of the statues were measured on photographs and profiles of the adults on cephalometric radiographs. The adults comprised 15 men between 22 and 26 years of age (Mean age: 23.8+/-1.3 years) and 15 women between 22 to 25 years of age (Mean age: 22.9+/-1.0 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Buddha statues had retrusive lips compared with the lip positions in contemporary Japanese adults.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Flat profiles may be favoured by Japanese adults who, typically, have protrusive lips.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. ioi@dent.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ioi
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakata
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakasima
authors.forename: Amy L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Counts
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002016:Buddhism; D002508:Cephalometry; D002680:Chin / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008046:Lip / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008297:Male; D008512:Medicine in the Arts; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D010781:Photography; D012068:Religion and Medicine; D012613:Sculpture