title: [Clinical and laboratory tests characteristics in children with nephrolithiasis: case control study].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical and laboratory findings in pediatric patients with urolithiasis in a case control study and to obtain variables predicting a low risk of having urolithiasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of 24 cases of children with urolithiasis (age range 3 to 17 years old) admitted to the pediatric emergency room or the hospital ward. Clinical and laboratory information was obtained from the clinical charts and compared with a control group of 29 patients with history of abdominal pain admitted to the hospital. Binary logistic regression and recursive partitioning analysis were used to obtain variables predicting a low risk of having urolithiasis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in age, gender, dysuria or nausea (p > 0. 2) between groups. A difference regarding the presence of fever (p = 0.007), haematuria (p = 0.001), costovertebral angle tenderness (p = 0.004), family history (p = 0.007) and abdominal pain lasting more than 48 hs (p = 0.04) was detected. After logistic regression and using recursive partitioning, the presence or history of fever, absence of gross haematuria and no family history of urolithiasis showed a 100% negative predictive value and sensitivity (95% CI 84.7 to 100 and 89.2 to 100 respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with abdominal pain present a low risk of having urolithiasis if there is a history or presence of fever, absence of gross haematuria and a negative family history of urolithiasis in a first degree relative.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Pediatría, Escuela de Medicina, Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM), Campus de la Salud, Monterrey NL, México.
authors.forename: Víctor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Arízaga-Ballesteros
authors.forename: Carlos Alberto
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Cuello-García
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003950:Diagnostic Techniques, Urological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053040:Nephrolithiasis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies