title: Clinical pharmacy cardiac risk service for managing patients with coronary artery disease in a health maintenance organization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A clinical pharmacy service for managing the treatment of coronary artery disease in a health maintenance organization is described.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the proven benefits of aggressive risk factor modification for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), there remains a treatment gap between consensus- and evidence-based recommendations and their application in patient care. In 1998, Kaiser Permanente of Colorado developed the Clinical Pharmacy Cardiac Risk Service (CPCRS) to focus on the long-term management of patients with CAD to improve clinical outcomes. The primary goals of the CPCRS are to increase the number of CAD patients on lipid-lowering therapy, manage medications shown to decrease the risk of future CAD-related events, assist in the monitoring and control of other diseases that increase cardiovascular risk, provide patient education and recommendations for nonpharmacologic therapy, and act as a CAD information resource for physicians and other health care providers. Using an electronic medical record and tracking database, the service works in close collaboration with primary care physicians, cardiologists, cardiac rehabilitation nurses, and other health care providers to reduce cardiac risk in the CAD population. Particular attention is given to dyslipidemia, blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, and tobacco cessation. Treatment with evidence-based regimens is initiated and adjusted as necessary. Over 11,000 patients are currently being followed by the CPCRS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A clinical pharmacy service in a large health maintenance organization provides cardiac risk reduction for patients with CAD and helps close treatment gaps that may exist for these patients.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacy Cardiac Risk Service, Kaiser Permanente of Colorado (KPCO), Aurora, Colorado 80011, USA. brian.g.sandhoff@kp.org
authors.forename: Brian G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Sandhoff
authors.forename: Leslie K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Nies
authors.forename: Kari L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Nash
authors.forename: Jon R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Merenich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003120:Colorado; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008329:Managed Care Programs; D008875:Middle Aged; D019982:Organizational Case Studies; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012308:Risk Management
chemical_list: D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents