title: Glutathione-S-transferase M1 polymorphisms on the susceptibility to esophageal cancer among three Chinese minorities: Kazakh, Tajik and Uygur.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the glutathione-S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) polymorphisms in three Chinese minorities, Kazakh, Uygur, and Tajik; and the pathological significance of GSTM1 polymorphisms in esophageal carcinogenesis in Kazakh.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1121 blood samples (442 males and 679 females) were obtained from healthy Kazakh (654), Uygur (412) and Tajik (55). Primary esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) tissues from Kazakh were obtained from 116 patients who underwent surgery. GSTM1 polymorphisms were analyzed by a combined approach of PCR and electrophoresis techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GSTM1 null genotype was found in 62.63% Uygur, 50.91% Tajik and 47.40% Kazakh. A significantly higher frequency of GSTM1 null genotype in Uygur was observed compared with Kazakh (OR: 1.859, 95% CI: 1.445 -2.391, chi2 = 23.71, P = 0.000). In addition, GSTM1 null genotype was found in 23.53% of well-differentiated ESCC in Kazakh, in 49.23% of poorly differentiated ESCC, with a significant difference (OR: 3.152, 95% CI: 1.403-7.080, chi2 = 8.018, P = 0.007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a marked difference in the frequency of common GSTM1 null genotype between Uygur and Kazakh. GSTM1 null genotype is associated with differentiation of ESCC in Kazakh.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center, 1st Teaching Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Mei
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Shu-Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhi-Hui
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D018450:Disease Progression; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000208:ethnology*; D005838:Genotype; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018307:Neoplasms, Squamous Cell / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D005982:Glutathione Transferase