title: Effects of pulsed and continuous wave 902 MHz mobile phone exposure on brain oscillatory activity during cognitive processing.
abstract: The aim of the current double-blind studies was to partially replicate the studies by Krause et al. [2000ab, 2004] and to further investigate the possible effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) emitted by mobile phones (MP) on the event-related desynchronisation/synchronisation (ERD/ERS) EEG (electroencephalogram) responses during cognitive processing. Two groups, both consisting of 36 male participants, were recruited. One group performed an auditory memory task and the other performed a visual working memory task in six exposure conditions: SHAM (no EMF), CW (continuous wave EMF) and PM (pulse modulated EMF) during both left- and right-side exposure, while the EEG was recorded. In line with our previous studies, we observed that the exposure to EMF had modest effects on brain oscillatory responses in the alpha frequency range ( approximately 8-12 Hz) and had no effects on the behavioural measures. The effects on the EEG were, however, varying, unsystematic and inconsistent with previous reports. We conclude that the effects of EMF on brain oscillatory responses may be subtle, variable and difficult to replicate for unknown reasons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Cognitive Science Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. christina.krause@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: Christina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: Mirka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pesonen
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Haarala Björnberg
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hämäläinen
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D040421:Cell Phone; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D010775:Photic Stimulation