title: The role of memory for past test in the underconfidence with practice effect.
abstract: According to the Memory for Past Test (MPT) heuristic, judgments of learning (JOLs) may be based, in part, on memory for the correctness of answers on a previous test. The authors explored MPT as the source of the underconfidence with practice effect (UWP; A. Koriat, L. Sheffer, & H. Ma'ayan, 2002), whereby Trial 1 overconfidence switches to underconfidence by Trial 2. Immediate and delayed JOLs were contrasted because only immediate JOLs demonstrate UWP. Consistent with MPT for immediate JOLs, Trial 1 test performance better predicted Trial 2 JOLs than did Trial 2 test performance. Delayed JOLs showed the reverse. Furthermore, items forgotten on Trial 1 but remembered on Trial 2 contributed disproportionately to UWP, but only with immediate JOLs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
authors.forename: Bridgid
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Finn
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Metcalfe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003463:Cues; D006801:Humans; D008568:Memory; D011939:Mental Recall; D011214:Practice, Psychological; D013998:Time Perception