title: Template-assisted large-scale ordered arrays of ZnO pillars for optical and piezoelectric applications.
abstract: Spatially separated ZnO pillars, typically 300 nm in diameter and 2 microm in height, are fabricated via a template-directed approach that leads to long-range hexagonal order. The templates of Au nanodisk arrays are obtained by using metal membranes as a lithography mask. The growth of ZnO pillars is performed in a double-tube system through vapor diffusion-deposition. The growth mechanism of the pillars is studied in detail and is proposed to be a combination of vapor-liquid-solid and vapor-solid models. The piezoelectric and optical properties of single pillars are characterized using piezoresponse force microscopy and micro-photoluminescence spectroscopy, respectively. The pillars show strong excitonic emissions up to room temperature, which indicate a relatively low defect density and good crystalline quality. The obtained piezoelectric coefficient d(33) is (7.5+/-0.6) pm V(-1), which is to our knowledge the first reported value for a single nanopillar.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany. hjfan@mpi-halle.de
authors.forename: Hong Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Woo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hauschild
authors.forename: Marin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alexe
authors.forename: Gwenaël
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Le Rhun
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scholz
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dadgar
authors.forename: Kornelius
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nielsch
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kalt
authors.forename: Alois
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krost
authors.forename: Margit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zacharias
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gösele
mesh_terms: D003460:Crystallization / Q000379:methods*; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D046911:Macromolecular Substances / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D010316:Particle Size; D013499:Surface Properties; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D006046:Gold; D015034:Zinc Oxide