title: The bacterial second messenger cyclic diGMP exhibits potent adjuvant properties.
abstract: The identification of new adjuvants is a critical need in vaccinology. In this work, it is demonstrated that bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (cdiGMP) exhibits potent adjuvant properties. Subcutaneous co-administration of cdiGMP with beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) to mice resulted in the elicitation of significantly higher antigen-specific serum IgG titres than in animals receiving beta-Gal alone. Strong cellular immune responses, which were characterized by a balanced Th1/Th2 pattern, were also observed in response to the beta-Gal protein and a peptide encompassing its MHC class I-restricted epitope in immunized animals. These results suggest that cdiGMP represents a promising adjuvant for vaccine development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vaccinology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ebensen
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.forename: Peggy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Riese
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Link
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morr
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Guzmán
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000276:immunology; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D015290:Second Messenger Systems; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D001616:beta-Galactosidase; D006152:Cyclic GMP