title: ACE I/D polymorphism study in a Cuban hypertensive population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is a key protein of the renin angiotensin system, whose main function is the conversion of angiotensin I to II. ACE is involved in the physiological control of blood pressure and it is a candidate gene for essential hypertension in humans. We tested the relevance of the ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in our population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 243 hypertensive and 407 normotensive subjects in the city of Havana, matched according to age, sex and ethnic group. The ACE (I/D) polymorphism was determined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The fit of genotype frequencies to Hardy-Weinberg proportions was evaluated in all groups analyzed. The possible association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and hypertension status was tested by chi2 and odds ratio tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All groups but black female cases were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The frequencies of the D allele in hypertensive/normotensive subjects were 0.61/0.59 in white males, 0.58/0.58 in white females, 0.47/0.59 in black males and 0.58/0.54 in black females. The distribution of ACE genotypes differed significantly between cases and controls only in black women according to the additive model (chi2p=0.04) but the adjusted OR did not show significant association (OR 1.14 95% CI 0.62 to 2.10).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ACE I/D polymorphism was not associated with hypertension in our multiethnic sample. While the chi2 test for additive model in black women suggested a marginal significance, the adjusted OR did not show any significant association.
authors.affiliation: Genomics Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana City, Cuba. osmel@cigb.edu.cu
authors.forename: Osmel
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Companioni Nápoles
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sautié Castellanos
authors.forename: Lester
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.forename: Racmar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Casalvilla
authors.forename: Hamlet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Camacho
authors.forename: Annia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferrer
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cintado
authors.forename: Adelaida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Villareal
authors.forename: Jesús V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Benítez
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nazabal
authors.forename: Javier García Pérez
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Velasco
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cabalé
authors.forename: Lidia I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Novoa
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dueñas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044383:Black People; D003462:Cuba; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A