title: Gender-specific effects of the catechol-O-methyltransferase Val108/158Met polymorphism on cognitive function in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study aimed to determine the cognitive effect of the Val108/158Met polymorphism in the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene in children before and during puberty. This polymorphism affects cognitive function in healthy adults and may contribute to risk for schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  COMT genotype was determined for 8,707 children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a geographically defined general population cohort of children born between April 1, 1991, and Dec. 31, 1992, in the southwest of England. Fourteen measures of cognitive function--including working memory, verbal and motor inhibition, attentional control, and IQ--were assessed at ages 8 and 10 years. Any pubertal development at age 9 years was reported by parents. Effects of COMT genotype on cognition and interactions with gender and puberty were assessed using general linear models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In boys, genotype significantly affected executive function and explained up to 10 points normal variation in verbal IQ. The effects on IQ were significantly greater in pubertal than in prepubertal boys. In girls, there were no significant effects of genotype on cognition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This common polymorphism may be one of the genes of small effect that contribute to normal variation in IQ. The gender-specific nature of the effect and its possible interaction with puberty may be relevant to both normal cognitive and brain development and to abnormal development in disorders such as schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: University of Cambridge, Department of Psychiatry, Box 189, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK. jhb32@cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: Jennifer H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heron
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ring
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Golding
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence / Q000502:physiology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008715:Methionine; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D011627:Puberty / Q000502:physiology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D012737:Sex Factors; D014633:Valine / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D008715:Methionine; D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase; D014633:Valine