title: Laparoscopic-assisted nephroureterectomy after radical cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report our experience with laparoscopic-assisted nephroureterectomy for upper tract transitional cell carcinomas after radical cystectomy and urinary diversion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven patients (53-72 years-old) underwent laparoscopic-assisted nephroureterectomy 10 to 53 months after radical cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma at our institution. Surgical technique, operative results, tumor features, and outcomes of all patients were retrospectively reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean operative time was 305 minutes with a significant amount of time spent on the excision of the ureter from the urinary diversion. Estimate blood loss and length of hospital stay averaged 180 mL and 10.8 days, respectively. Intraoperative and postoperative complications occurred in two patients each. There was one conversion to open surgery. Pathology confirmed upper-tract transitional cell carcinoma in all cases. Metastatic disease occurred in two patients after a mean follow-up of 14.6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nephrouretectomy following cystectomy is a complex procedure due to the altered anatomy and the presence of many adhesions. A laparoscopic-assisted approach can be performed safely in properly selected cases but does not yield the usual benefits seen with other laparoscopic renal procedures.
authors.affiliation: The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-8915, USA. frederico.romero@gmail.com
authors.forename: Frederico R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muntener
authors.forename: Sompol
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Permpongkosol
authors.forename: Louis R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Kavoussi
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Jarrett
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000209:etiology; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*