title: Verteporfin therapy and triamcinolone acetonide: convergent modes of action for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Choroidal neovascularization associated with age-related macular degeneration is the primary cause of blindness in the elderly in developed countries, due to a number of pathogenic effects, including angiogenesis, cell-mediated inflammation, leukocyte adhesion and extravasation, and matrix remodeling.
  
  
  METHODS
  By producing photochemical effects at the site of target tissue (lesion), photodynamic therapy (PDT) can induce vascular damage and blood flow stasis, leading to occlusion of vascularization and lesion leakage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PDT with verteporfin (Visudyne, Novartis) has been shown to be safe and effective in reducing the risk of vision loss in patients with classic containing subfoveal CNV and occult with no classic CNV. However, in predominantly occult CNV, the treatment may be most effective in smaller lesions, and less in larger lesions. Most important, visual acuity rarely is improved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pilot studies and large case series suggest that a combination of PDT and intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide has the potential to improve visual outcomes and reduce the need for additional treatments. Randomized, prospective clinical trials are underway to confirm the efficacy and safety of this novel treatment modality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany. 106020.560@compuserve.com
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Augustin
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schmidt-Erfurth
mesh_terms: D020256:Choroidal Neovascularization / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077362:Verteporfin; D014822:Vitreous Body
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011166:Porphyrins; D000077362:Verteporfin; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide