title: The power stroke of myosin VI and the basis of reverse directionality.
abstract: Myosin VI supports movement toward the (-) end of actin filaments, despite sharing extensive sequence and structural homology with (+)-end-directed myosins. A class-specific stretch of amino acids inserted between the converter domain and the lever arm was proposed to provide the structural basis of directionality reversal. Indeed, the unique insert mediates a 120 degrees redirection of the lever arm in a crystal structure of the presumed poststroke conformation of myosin VI [Ménétrey J, Bahloul A, Wells AL, Yengo CM, Morris CA, Sweeney HL, Houdusse A (2005) Nature 435:779-785]. However, this redirection alone is insufficient to account for the large (-)-end-directed stroke of a monomeric myosin VI construct. The underlying motion of the myosin VI converter domain must therefore differ substantially from the power stroke of (+)-end-directed myosins. To experimentally map out the motion of the converter domain and lever arm, we have generated a series of truncated myosin VI constructs and characterized the size and direction of the power stroke for each construct using dual-labeled gliding filament assays and optical trapping. Motors truncated near the end of the converter domain generate (+)-end-directed motion, whereas longer constructs move toward the (-) end. Our results directly demonstrate that the unique insert is required for directionality reversal, ruling out a large class of models in which the converter domain moves toward the (-) end. We suggest that the lever arm rotates approximately 180 degrees between pre- and poststroke conformations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5307, USA.
authors.forename: Zev
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bryant
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Altman
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Spudich
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D007700:Kinetics; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009068:Movement; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; C089785:myosin VI; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains