title: [When to start the long-term anticoagulation if antiphospholipid antibodies are present in high concentration--case report of the twin brothers].
abstract: The authors describe the observation of twin brothers with high concentrations of antiphospholipid anibodies in both of them, and the clinical manifestation of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and later systemic lupus erythematosus in first, without any clinical signs and symptoms in the other. The literature reports of twins with APS were analyzed and the discussion about long-term anticoagulation beginning proposed.
authors.affiliation: Katedra i Klinika Reumatologii i Układowych Chorób Tkanki Lacznej Akademii Medycznej w Lublinie. dariuszbchudzik@wp.pl
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chudzik
authors.forename: Cezary
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stepniak
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Majdan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000032:analysis; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000032:analysis*; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D004200:Diseases in Twins / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor / Q000032:analysis; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid; D000925:Anticoagulants; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor