title: Trabecular bone response to titanium implants with a thin carbonate-containing apatite coating applied using the molecular precursor method.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The influence of thin carbonate-containing apatite (CA) coating on the trabecular bone response to titanium implants was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thin CA coatings were deposited by a new method known as the molecular precursor method. Using a precursor solution composed of an EDTA-calcium complex, a CA film was deposited on the titanium surfaces. Uncoated and CA-coated titanium were placed in the trabecular bone of the left and right femoral condyles of 16 rabbits. After implantation periods of 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, the bone-implant interface was evaluated histologically and histomorphometrically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histologic evaluation revealed new bone formation around the uncoated and CA-coated implant surfaces after only 4 weeks of implantation. After 12 weeks, mature trabecular bone surrounded all implants. At 4 and 8 weeks of implantation, no difference existed in bone contact between uncoated and CA-coated implants. After 12 weeks of implantation, the CA-coated implant group showed a significantly higher percentage of bone contact than the uncoated implant group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrated that thin CA coatings applied using the molecular precursor method showed greater bone-to-implant contact during the healing phase than uncoated controls. The results were similar to those observed with implants with calcium phosphate coatings deposited with a physical vapor deposition technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Biomaterials, Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1, Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan. hayakawa.tohru@nihon-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshinari
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Hirotsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Mitsunobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Kimiya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nemoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001031:Apatites / Q000737:chemistry*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D004563:Electrochemistry; D005269:Femur / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D011817:Rabbits; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002614:Chelating Agents; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; C030782:carboapatite; D004492:Edetic Acid; D014025:Titanium; D002118:Calcium