title: Rectal cancer delivery of radiotherapy in adequate time and with adequate dose is influenced by treatment center, treatment schedule, and gender and is prognostic parameter for local control: results of study CAO/ARO/AIO-94.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The impact of the delivery of radiotherapy (RT) on treatment results in rectal cancer patients is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data from 788 patients with rectal cancer treated within the German CAO/AIO/ARO-94 phase III trial were analyzed concerning the impact of the delivery of RT (adequate RT: minimal radiation RT dose delivered, 4300 cGy for neoadjuvant RT or 4700 cGy for adjuvant RT; completion of RT in <44 days for neoadjuvant RT or <49 days for adjuvant RT) in different centers on the locoregional recurrence rate (LRR) and disease-free survival (DFS) at 5 years. The LRR, DFS, and delivery of RT were analyzed as endpoints in multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant difference was found between the centers and the delivery of RT. The overall delivery of RT was a prognostic factor for the LRR (no RT, 29.6% +/- 7.8%; inadequate RT, 21.2% +/- 5.6%; adequate RT, 6.8% +/- 1.4%; p = 0.0001) and DFS (no RT, 55.1% +/- 9.1%; inadequate RT, 57.4% +/- 6.3%; adequate RT, 69.1% +/- 2.3%; p = 0.02). Postoperatively, delivery of RT was a prognostic factor for LRR on multivariate analysis (together with pathologic stage) but not for DFS (independent parameters, pathologic stage and age). Preoperatively, on multivariate analysis, pathologic stage, but not delivery of RT, was an independent prognostic parameter for LRR and DFS (together with adequate chemotherapy). On multivariate analysis, the treatment center, treatment schedule (neoadjuvant vs. adjuvant RT), and gender were prognostic parameters for adequate RT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Delivery of RT should be regarded as a prognostic factor for LRR in rectal cancer and is influenced by the treatment center, treatment schedule, and patient gender.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Therapy, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany. rainer.fietkau@med.uni-rostock.de
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fietkau
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rödel
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hohenberger
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raab
authors.forename: Clemens
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liersch
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wittekind
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hutter
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hager
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Karstens
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ewald
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Christen
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jagoditsch
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martus
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sauer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011379:Prognosis; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors