title: Reference values for sleep-related respiratory variables in asymptomatic European children and adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Only a limited number of studies, designed to establish normal values for sleep-related respiratory variables in children, have been reported, and all are non-European. The aim of this study was to expand the knowledge on normative data in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects ranging from 6 to 16 years were recruited and underwent full polysomnography. Only subjects without sleep disordered breathing or other sleep problems as assessed by clinical history were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty subjects were studied (<age> = 11.7 +/- 2.6 years; 28 boys; <relBMI> = 118.8 +/- 30.6%). <Central apnea index> was 0.85 +/- 1.06 (range: 0.0-5.5). <Obstructive apnea index> was 0.06 +/- 0.16 (range: 0.0-0.9); 11 patients had a total of 31 obstructive apneas. Only five obstructive hypopneas were detected with <obstructive apnea hypopnea index> = 0.08 +/- 0.17 (range: 0.0-0.9). <Respiratory disturbance index> was 1.98 +/- 1.39 (range: 0.1-7.2). <SaO2> was 97.0 +/- 0.6% (range: 96.0-98.0); <SaO2nadir> was 91.8 +/- 2.7% (range: 82.0-96.0); <% of total sleep time with SaO2 >or= 95%> was 98.7 +/- 2.1% (range: 90.8-100.0); <oxygen desaturation index> was 0.8 +/- 0.9 (range: 0.0-4.9) and <arousal index> was 6.1 +/- 1.8 (range: 2.7-10.9). Snoring was detected in 15 patients (4 overweight subjects), with no difference in patient characteristics and sleep-related respiratory variables between snorers and non-snorers. Subjects in the overweight group (n = 22) had a lower SaO2nadir (90.8 +/- 2.7 vs. 92.4 +/- 2.6; P = 0.01) and a higher ODI (1.3 +/- 1.3 vs. 0.4 +/- 0.4; P = 0.0002) than their normal weight peers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data are in agreement with other non-European studies, designed to establish normal values in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. stijn.verhulst@ua.ac.be
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Verhulst
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schrauwen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Haentjens
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Van Gaal
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: De Backer
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Desager
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D050177:Overweight / Q000502:physiology; D010092:Oximetry; D017286:Polysomnography; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D020182:Sleep Apnea, Central / Q000175:diagnosis*; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012913:Snoring; D044465:White People