title: [Extracorporeal lithotripsy of upper urinary tract stones in children].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of extracorporeal lithotripsy for the treatment of urinary stones in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  From November 2002 to November 2004, 34 children from the department of paediatric urology of Rabat children's hospital, aged 3 to 15 years (mean age: 6 years), including 15 children under the age of 6 years, were treated for symptomatic urinary stones in the extracorporeal lithotripsy centre with a Lithostar Multiline lithotriptor adapted to the treatment of adults as well as children, even very young children. At the time of treatment, all 34 children had normal blood pressure, normal blood urea and creatinine, normal clotting parameters, sterile urine and no urinary tract obstruction. All children under the age of 6 years were treated under ketamine sedation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment required a variable number of sessions from 1 to 3 (mean: 1.5) and concerned 38 stones: 30 renal stones including 6 staghorn and 8 ureteric stones. The number of impacts delivered per session ranged from 1,500 to 3,500 for renal stones (mean: 2,500 impacts), with a maximum of 5,000 impacts for ureteric stones (mean: 3,250 impacts). Three months after the last lithotripsy session, 30 patients presented no fragments. No lesion of the treated kidney or adjacent organs was demonstrated on follow-up ultrasound performed 3 to 6 months after treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evaluation of the results confirms the efficacy of extracorporeal lithotripsy for the treatment of even very large urinary stones in children, even in very young children. Extracorporeal lithotripsy is now the first-line treatment for-urinary stones in children.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Urologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital d'Enfants, Rabat, Maroc. drarifimohamed@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arifi
authors.forename: Younès
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Halim
authors.forename: Mohammed el Amine
authors.initials: Mel A
authors.lastname: Bouhafs
authors.forename: Azzouz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lachkar
authors.forename: Hassane
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aitouamar
authors.forename: Rachid
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Belkacem
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barahioui
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000628:therapy*