title: Plasma nerve growth factor (NGF) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and MCP-1) in young and adult subjects with Down syndrome: an interesting pathway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Down's syndrome (DS) is the most frequent chromosomal aberration in men and it is invariably associated with mental retardation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) from non demented DS subjects of three different age-cohorts (2-14 years; 20-50 yrs; >60 yrs) and healthy controls were measured. No clinical and sub-clinical inflammation was apparent in DS patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma levels of NGF were higher in children, adult and old DS subjects than in controls. However, a significant age-related decrease of NGF levels was present in DS subjects. Serum levels of IL-6 and MCP-1 were also increased in DS children and adults, but not in older DS patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High levels of circulating NGF might protect DS from clinical complications of atherosclerosis. However, the striking decrement of peripheral NGF levels with advancing age may predispose DS to clinical manifestation of dementia after adulthood.
authors.affiliation: Institute of General Pathology, Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Milan, Italy. mmcorsi@unimi.it
authors.forename: Massimiliano M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Corsi
authors.forename: Giada
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dogliotti
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pedroni
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Palazzi
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Magni
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chiappelli
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Licastro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000097:blood*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor