title: Oral antidiabetic drugs: effect of food on absorption of pioglitazone and metformin from a fixed-dose combination tablet.
abstract: An open-label, randomized, crossover study involving 28 healthy subjects was conducted to compare the peak (Cmax) and total (AUC(lqc), AUC(infinity)) exposures to pioglitazone and metformin after single-dose administration of a fixed-dose combination tablet containing 15 mg of pioglitazone plus 850 mg metformin when given under fasted versus fed states, with a washout period of 7 days between treatments. Two different fixed-dose combination formulations (bilayer and pioglitazone-micronized fixed-dose combination tablets) were tested. The pioglitazone-micronized fixed-dose combination formulation was selected for clinical development and regulatory approval; the present study describes food effect results with this formulation. For pioglitazone, least squares mean ratios (fed/fasted) and the 90% confidence intervals of these ratios were 1.05 (0.93-1.18) for Cmax, 1.13 (1.02-1.25) for AUC(lqc), and 1.11 (1.01-1.22) for AUC(infinity). For metformin, these values were 0.72 (0.65-0.79) for Cmax, 0.87 (0.81-0.94) for AUC(lqc), and 0.87 (0.81-0.94) for AUC(infinity). Dosing with food resulted in median prolongation of tmax values by 1.5 hours for metformin and 2.0 hours for pioglitazone. Because bioequivalency criteria were met (fed/fasted 90% confidence interval between 0.80 and 1.25) for both pioglitazone and metformin AUC, fixed-dose combination tablets can be taken with or without food, but to minimize gastrointestinal adverse effects of metformin, the fixed-dose combination tablets are recommended to be taken with food.
authors.affiliation: Takeda Global Research & Development Center, Inc, 475 Half Day Road, Lincolnshire, IL 60069, USA. akarim@tgrd.com
authors.forename: Aziz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karim
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Slater
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bradford
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Aziz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laurent
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000502:physiology*; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D008687:Metformin; D000077205:Pioglitazone