Adaptive stress response in segmental progeria resembles long-lived dwarfism and calorie restriction in mice.
How congenital defects causing genome instability can result in the pleiotropic symptoms reminiscent of aging but in a segmental and accelerated fashion remains largely unknown. Most segmental progerias are associated with accelerated fibroblast senescence, suggesting that cellular senescence is a likely contributing mechanism. Contrary to expectations, neither accelerated senescence nor acute oxidative stress hypersensitivity was detected in primary fibroblast or erythroblast cultures from multiple progeroid mouse models for defects in the nucleotide excision DNA repair pathway, which share premature aging features including postnatal growth retardation, cerebellar ataxia, and death before weaning. Instead, we report a prominent phenotypic overlap with long-lived dwarfism and calorie restriction during postnatal development (2 wk of age), including reduced size, reduced body temperature, hypoglycemia, and perturbation of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 neuroendocrine axis. These symptoms were also present at 2 wk of age in a novel progeroid nucleotide excision repair-deficient mouse model (XPD(G602D/R722W)/XPA(-/-)) that survived weaning with high penetrance. However, despite persistent cachectic dwarfism, blood glucose and serum insulin-like growth factor 1 levels returned to normal by 10 wk, with hypoglycemia reappearing near premature death at 5 mo of age. These data strongly suggest changes in energy metabolism as part of an adaptive response during the stressful period of postnatal growth. Interestingly, a similar perturbation of the postnatal growth axis was not detected in another progeroid mouse model, the double-strand DNA break repair deficient Ku80(-/-) mouse. Specific (but not all) types of genome instability may thus engage a conserved response to stress that evolved to cope with environmental pressures such as food shortage.
van de Ven
Marieke
M
Medical Genetics Center, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Center of Biomedical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Andressoo
Jaan-Olle
JO
Holcomb
Valerie B
VB
von Lindern
Marieke
M
Jong
Willeke M C
WM
De Zeeuw
Chris I
CI
Suh
Yousin
Y
Hasty
Paul
P
Hoeijmakers
Jan H J
JH
van der Horst
Gijsbertus T J
GT
Mitchell
James R
JR
D000375:Aging / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D016923:Cell Death; D004260:DNA Repair; D004392:Dwarfism / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D042822:Genomic Instability; D006579:Heterozygote; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008136:Longevity; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011371:Progeria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D011689:Purkinje Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D052683:Somatotrophs / Q000378:metabolism
D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I