title: Epidemiology and outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Rochester, New York.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and factors that affect survival in a medium sized city that uses system status management for dispatch.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study of all adult OHCA patients treated by EMS between 1998 and 2001 was conducted using Utstein definitions. The primary endpoint was 1-year survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 1177 patients who experienced OHCA during the study period, 539 (46%) met inclusion criteria. Age ranged from 18 to 98 years (median 67). The median call-response interval was 5 min (range 0-21), and 93% were 9 min or less. There was no significant difference in the median call-response intervals between call location zip (Post) codes (p=0.07). Twenty percent of experienced ROSC (95% CI 17-23), 7% survived more than 30 days (95% CI 5-9%), and 5% survived to 1 year (95% CI 3-7%). In bivariate analysis, first rhythm and bystander CPR affected survival to 1 year. There was no significant difference in survival between male (4%) and female (7%), black (4%) and white (6%), or witnessed (7%) and unwitnessed arrest (4%). Logistic regression identified younger age, CPR initiated by bystander (19%) or first responder (41%), and presenting rhythm of VF/VT (32%) as factors associated with survival to 1 year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study finds a 5% survival to 1 year among OHCA patients in Rochester, NY. A presenting rhythm of VF/VT and bystander CPR were associated with increased survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, United States. Terry.Fairbanks@Rochester.edu
authors.forename: Rollin J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Fairbanks
authors.forename: Manish N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: E Brooke
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Lerner
authors.forename: Kumar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ilangovan
authors.forename: Elliot C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Pennington
authors.forename: Sandra M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009518:New York / Q000453:epidemiology; D010045:Outpatients; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014505:Urban Population