title: Drug-resistant HIV-1 prevalence in patients newly diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in Japan.
abstract: The increasing prevalence of drug-resistant HIV transmission has become a critical epidemic in the world today. Studies in developed countries reported 8-27% of newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients are infected by drug-resistant strains. To determine the prevalence of drug-resistant HIV-1 among newly diagnosed cases in Japan, eight HIV/AIDS clinical centers, three public health laboratories and the National Institute of Infectious Diseases conducted a nationwide survey. Between January 2003 and December 2004, 575 newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients with both acute and chronic infections were enrolled in the study. Twenty-three cases, including three recently infected patients, were infected with HIV-1 having major drug-resistance mutations, including M41L, D67N, L100I, K103N, V106A, M184I, M184V, L210W, and revertant mutations at the 215 codon in reverse transcriptase and M46I in protease encoding regions. In this newly diagnosed population, we also clarified the prevalence of hepatitis virus coinfection, which was 8.8% for HBV and 4.3% for HCV. In conclusion, the drug-resistant transmission rate was 4.0% in Japan. Although this rate is significantly lower than that of other developed countries, this rate almost reaches the threshold at which baseline genotypic resistance testing would be cost-effective for all infected persons before initiating therapy.
authors.affiliation: International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gatanaga
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ibe
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Tsukasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asagi
authors.forename: Makiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sadamasu
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsukada
authors.forename: Aki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Masakane
authors.forename: Haruyo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takata
authors.forename: Rumi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tateyama
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Mitsunobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Mami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagashima
authors.forename: Fumitake
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gejyo
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Motohiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamaguchi
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Takuma
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirasaka
authors.forename: Akiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sugiura
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003625:Data Collection; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D006679:HIV Seropositivity; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D015995:Prevalence; D012309:Risk-Taking; D019562:Viral Load