title: Effects of supplemental manganese on performance of growing-finishing pigs and pork quality during retail display.
abstract: Crossbred barrows and gilts (n = 168) were used to test the effects of supplemental Mn during the growing-finishing period on performance, pork carcass characteristics, and pork quality during 7 d of retail display. Pigs were blocked by BW and allotted within blocks to pens (5 pigs/pen in blocks 1, 2, 5, and 6, and 4 pigs/pen in blocks 3 and 4). A total of 36 pens was randomly assigned to 1 of 6 dietary treatments, where the basal diets were formulated with (PC) or without (NC) Mn in the mineral premix, and supplemented with 0 or 350 ppm (as-fed basis) of Mn from MnSO4 or a Mn-AA complex (AvMn). Pigs were slaughtered at a commercial pork packing plant when the lightest block of pigs averaged 113.6 kg. During fabrication, boneless pork loins were collected and transported to Oklahoma State University, where 2.5-cm-thick LM chops were packaged in a modified atmosphere (80% O2 and 20% CO2) and subsequently placed in display cases (2 to 4 degrees C) under continuous fluorescent lighting (1,600 lx) for 7 d. Pig performance was not (P > or = 0.44) affected by supplemental Mn; however, during the grower-II phase, pigs fed the basal diets including Mn consumed less (P < 0.02) feed and tended to be more efficient (P < 0.09) than pigs fed the basal diets devoid of Mn. Throughout the entire feeding trial, neither dietary nor supplemental Mn altered (P > or = 0.22) ADG, ADFI, or G:F. Chops from pigs fed the diets supplemented with MnSO4 received greater (P < or = 0.05) lean color scores and had a redder (greater a* and hue angle values), more vivid color than chops from pigs fed the diets supplemented with AvMn. Additionally, LM chops from pigs fed the PC diets supplemented with MnSO4 were darker (lower L* values; P < 0.05) than chops from pigs fed the NC diets or PC diets supplemented with 0 or 350 ppm of AvMn. Even though discoloration scores were similar during the first 4 d of display, chops from pigs fed the PC diets supplemented with MnSO4 were less (P < 0.05) discolored on d 6 and 7 of retail display than chops from pigs fed the PC or NC diets and diets supplemented with AvMn (dietary treatment x display time, P = 0.04). Results of this study indicate that feeding an additional 350 ppm of Mn from MnSO4 above the maintenance requirements of growing-finishing pigs does not beneficially affect live pig performance but may improve pork color and delay discoloration of pork during retail display.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Sawyer
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Tittor
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Apple
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Maxwell
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Rakes
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Fakler
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008345:Manganese / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008460:Meat / Q000592:standards*; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008345:Manganese