title: Assessment of topical corticosteroid activity using the vasoconstriction assay in healthy volunteers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to evaluate the vasoconstrictive activity of four new galenic preparations of hydrocortisone and to compare it with concentration-equivalent reference preparations. The study comprised two study phases: the pilot study phase and the main study phase. During open, nonrandomized pilot study, the optimal administration period was tested. The main study was performed in a randomized, double-blind intraindividual comparative design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty male and female volunteers with healthy skin who responded to topically applied clobetasol-17-propionate before entering the trial participated in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  All subjects received the same treatments. The test preparations new galenic formulation (NGF) hydrocortisone 0.25% cream, NGF hydrocortisone acetate 0.25% cream, NGF hydrocortisone 0.5% cream, and NGF hydrocortisone 1.0% cream were compared with the respective reference preparations Soventol hydrocortisone (hydrocortisone acetate 0.25%), Hydroderm HC 0.5% cream (hydrocortisone 0.5%), Hydrogalen cream (hydrocortisone 1.0%) and placebo (vehicle of test preparations).
  
  
  METHODS
  The topical preparations were applied occlusively for 2 h (pilot study) or 24 h (main study) on outlined areas (5 x 5 cm with a distance of 3 cm) of both forearms (4 areas for each). Assessment of vasoconstriction was performed before treatment, and 0.5, 4, 6 and 24 h after treatment (observation period) using a subjective rating scale (OLSEN vasoconstriction score) and measuring the colorimetric parameter a* (redness) by use of the Chroma-Meter (Minolta company, Ahrensburg, Germany).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant vasoconstriction (positive blanching effect) was measured by use of chromametry for test preparations hydrocortisone 0.25% cream, hydrocortisone 0.5% cream, hydrocortisone 1.0% cream and for the reference preparation Hydrogalen cream compared to placebo 30 min after the end of treatment. In contrast, the reference preparations Soventol hydrocortisone and Hydroderm HC 0.5% did not differ significantly from placebo 30 min after treatment. No statistically significant effect of all formulations was observed 4-24 h after treatment in comparison with placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The vasoconstrictive efficacy of test preparations was mostly stronger than the concentration-equivalent reference preparations. This effect was achieved by use of new galenics of test preparations resulting in enhanced skin penetration and improved efficiency. No unwanted side effects were observed during the course of the study despite increased efficacy of the topically applied test preparations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Görne
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Greif
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Metzner
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wigger-Alberti
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Elsner
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000328:Adult; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009824:Ointments; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012015:Reference Standards; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply*; D012869:Skin Absorption; D013997:Time Factors; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects*; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D009824:Ointments; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; C021650:hydrocortisone acetate; D006854:Hydrocortisone