title: Measurement of brain metabolites in patients with type 2 diabetes and major depression using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
abstract: Type 2 diabetes and major depression are disorders that are mutual risk factors and may share similar pathophysiological mechanisms. To further understand these shared mechanisms, the purpose of our study was to examine the biochemical basis of depression in patients with type 2 diabetes using proton MRS. Patients with type 2 diabetes and major depression (n=20) were scanned along with patients with diabetes alone (n=24) and healthy controls (n=21) on a 1.5 T MRI/MRS scanner. Voxels were placed bilaterally in dorsolateral white matter and the subcortical nuclei region, both areas important in the circuitry of late-life depression. Absolute values of myo-inositol, creatine, N-acetyl aspartate, glutamate, glutamine, and choline corrected for CSF were measured using the LC-Model algorithm. Glutamine and glutamate concentrations in depressed diabetic patients were significantly lower (p<0.001) in the subcortical regions as compared to healthy and diabetic control subjects. Myo-inositol concentrations were significantly increased (p<0.05) in diabetic control subjects and depressed diabetic patients in frontal white matter as compared to healthy controls. These findings have broad implications and suggest that alterations in glutamate and glutamine levels in subcortical regions along with white matter changes in myo-inositol provide important neurobiological substrates of mood disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, UCLA Semel Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA. oajilore@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Olusola
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ajilore
authors.forename: Ebrahim
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Haroon
authors.forename: Senthil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumaran
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Darwin
authors.forename: Nader
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Binesh
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mintz
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: M Albert
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D002794:Choline / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D003401:Creatine / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D005973:Glutamine / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007294:Inositol / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000378:metabolism; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
chemical_list: D005973:Glutamine; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D007294:Inositol; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D003401:Creatine; D002794:Choline