title: Ex vivo and in vitro determination of the axial rotational axis of the human thoracic spine.
abstract: METHODS
  Different geometrical and biomechanical evaluations were performed to determine the axial rotational axis of the thoracic spine.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our research group has been dealing with the determination of the axial rotational axis of the thoracic spine. Here, we would like to present the geometrical and experimental results of our trials. With our experiments, we are trying to evaluate the contradictions of the related literature.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  In the present state, we know quite a lot about the biomechanics of healthy and pathologic spines. Nevertheless, for a seemingly simple question like the position of the axial rotation of the thoracic spine, the literature gives contradicting results. During correction of a scoliotic deformity, when trying to correct the pathologic rotation, not knowing the physiologic rotation can be hazardous.
  
  
  METHODS
  We wanted to clarify this question, so we examined the thoracic spine in many different ways. First, we examined the problem from a geometrical point of view then we modeled the different rotational axes by studying the change in volume of the spinal canal. Finally, we used cadaver spines that we rotated and examined with radiographs and digital pictures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on the results, we made the following establishments: most of the center points fell on the anterior half of the vertebral body or into the spinal canal, basically on the midsagittal axis of the vertebra. The rib cage has a significant effect on the place of the axis. After removing the ribs, the axis of axial rotation moved forward.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After evaluating the results, we determined that the most likely place for the rotational axis is on the median-sagittal plane, in the anterior portion of the spinal canal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Polyclinic of the Hospitaller Brothers of St. John of God in Budapest, Budapest, Hungary. sz0798@freemail.hu
authors.forename: Szabolcs
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Molnár
authors.forename: Sándor
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manó
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Csernátony
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002102:Cadaver; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D012399:Rotation; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed