title: Identification of a highly immunogenic HLA-A*01-binding T cell epitope of WT1.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The transcription factor Wilms tumor protein 1 (WT1) belongs to a new generation of tumor antigens, as it is essential for tumor cell proliferation and is highly expressed in various hematologic and solid malignancies. The aim of this study was to apply a modified reverse immunology strategy to identify immunogenic epitopes of WT1 which could be useful for immunotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Potential HLA-A*01 epitopes predicted by a MHC binding algorithm were screened for recognition by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with spontaneous T cell responses using intracellular cytokine cytometry. Epitope processing was shown by proteasomal cleavage. Epitope-specific T cells were generated from CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell-depleted PBMC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One of five predicted HLA-A*01-binding candidate epitopes showed high immunogenicity as 5 of 14 patients with hematologic malignancies had WT1.317-327-reactive T cells ranging from 0.4% to 1.5% of CD3+CD8+ T cells. Proteasomal degradation assays indicated the cleavage of WT1.317-327. The depletion of regulatory T cells from PBMCs enabled the rapid expansion of WT1.317-327-specific CTL, whereas no CTL could be generated from unfractionated PBMC. WT1.317-327-specific CTL efficiently lysed an autologous WT1-expressing tumor cell line but not HLA-A*01-negative WT1-expressing tumor cells. Immunogenicity of the epitope across histologies was verified by the demonstration of spontaneous ex vivo WT1.317-327-specific T cell responses in two of six patients with HLA-A*01-positive melanoma or lung cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, a modified reverse immunology strategy was employed to identify a first immunogenic HLA-A*01-restricted T cell epitope of the tumor antigen WT1, which is of considerable interest for use in vaccination trials.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik III, Hematology, Oncology, and Transfusion Medicine, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Anne Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Asemissen
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Keilholz
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tenzer
authors.forename: Margret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stevanovic
authors.forename: Hansjörg
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schild
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Letsch
authors.forename: Eckhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thiel
authors.forename: Hans-Georg
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Rammensee
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scheibenbogen
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000276:immunology; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015234:HLA-A Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D015788:HLA-A1 Antigen; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000276:immunology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000502:physiology; D008545:Melanoma / Q000276:immunology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology; D025721:WT1 Proteins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D015234:HLA-A Antigens; D015788:HLA-A1 Antigen; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D025721:WT1 Proteins; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex