title: Increased body fat percentage and physical inactivity are independent predictors of gestational diabetes mellitus in South Asian women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to identify lifestyle predictors of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in South Asian women. Pre-gravid body mass index, body composition, rate of weight gain during pregnancy, physical activity (PA) and dietary intake were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study (n=611) of South Asian women at Aga Khan University Hospital antenatal clinic in Karachi, Pakistan. Weight, height and body fat % were measured and data on PA, diet and socio-economic covariates were collected at baseline. A glucose screen was performed at 29.8+/-2.6 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using logistic regression analysis for the full cohort, the risk of GDM increased with older maternal age (odds ratio (OR) 1.13, confidence interval (CI) 1.06-1.21), increased body fat % (OR 1.07, CI 1.03-1.13) and the risk was inversely associated with PA (100 kcal) (OR 0.79-0.99, CI 0.89). Using a nested case (n=49) control (n=98) design to study dietary intake, the risk of GDM decreased with increasing protein (% energy) in the diet (OR 0.75, CI 0.60-0.95).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Body fat %, physical inactivity and, possibly, diet quality are important modifiable risk factors for GDM. 2006.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rafique
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Badruddin
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cue
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gray-Donald
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D016015:Logistic Models; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D010154:Pakistan; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins