title: Molecular mechanisms of cyclosporin A inhibition of the cytokine-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 in glomerular mesangial cells.
abstract: The effects of the immunosuppressants cyclosporin A (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK506) on the IL-1beta-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were investigated. Impairment of the protease-antiprotease balance contributes to renal fibrosis, which is observed collectively under long-term treatment with either immunosuppressant. It is demonstrated that CsA, in contrast to FK506, reduced the IL-1beta-induced MMP-9 content in conditioned media of mesangial cells, which coincides with a reduction in the cytokine-induced MMP-9 mRNA level. Similar to FK506, the VIVIT peptide, a specific inhibitor of the nuclear factor of activated T cells, did not affect the cytokine-induced MMP-9 level. Moreover, CsA caused a dose-dependent inhibition on the IL-1beta-induced luciferase activity of a 1.3-kb MMP-9 promoter fragment. Concomitant, electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that CsA selectively inhibits the cytokine-induced DNA binding of activator protein-1 and NF-kappaB. The effects on NF-kappaB binding were accompanied by a marked reduction in the nuclear content of the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB. Accordingly, CsA specifically impaired the IL-1beta-triggered degradation of inhibitory NF-kappaB. The suppressive effects by CsA on MMP-9 expression were accompanied by a reduction in the cytokine-induced phosphorylation of p42/p44 and c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK). It is interesting that only the JNK inhibitor SP600125 impaired the cytokine-triggered MMP-9 level, suggesting that CsA, via inhibition of the JNK pathway, negatively interferes with the NF-kappaB-dependent transcriptional control of MMP-9. Interference with MMP-9 transcription may account for the accumulation of extracellular matrix underlying the high fibrotic potential of CsA during anti-inflammatory therapies with calcineurin inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Doller
authors.forename: El-Sayed
authors.initials: el-S
authors.lastname: Akool
authors.forename: Roswitha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gutwein
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kurowski
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pfeilschifter
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Eberhardt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D005920:Glomerular Mesangium / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000494:pharmacology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D051381:Rats; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016572:Cyclosporine; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D016559:Tacrolimus