Iron uptake and metabolism in the new millennium.
Iron is an essential element for metabolic processes intrinsic to life, and yet the properties that make iron a necessity also make it potentially deleterious. To avoid harm, iron homeostasis is achieved through iron transport, storage and regulatory proteins. The functions of some of these molecules are well described, for example transferrin and transferrin receptor-1, whereas the roles of others, such as the transferrin homolog melanotransferrin, remain unclear. The past decade has seen the identification of new molecules involved in iron metabolism, such as divalent metal transporter-1, ferroportin-1, hepcidin, hemojuvelin and heme carrier protein-1. Here, we focus on these intriguing new molecules and the insights gained from them into cellular iron uptake and the regulation of iron metabolism.
Dunn
Louise L
LL
Iron Metabolism and Chelation Program, Department of Pathology, Blackburn Building D06, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
Suryo Rahmanto
Yohan
Y
Richardson
Des R
DR
D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000502:physiology; D017209:Apoptosis; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004386:Duodenum / Q000378:metabolism; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D064451:Hepcidins; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000378:metabolism; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D019266:Iron, Dietary / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D033862:Iron-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D035925:Iron-Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008322:Mammals / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D014168:Transferrin / Q000378:metabolism
D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C578702:HAMP protein, human; D006454:Hemoglobins; D064451:Hepcidins; D019266:Iron, Dietary; D033862:Iron-Binding Proteins; D035925:Iron-Regulatory Proteins; D014168:Transferrin; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D007501:Iron