title: Robust randomised control trials needed for drug treatments for trigeminal neuralgia.
abstract: METHODS
  Searches for appropriate studies were made using the following: Cochrane Neuromuscular Disease Group Register, Medline, Embase and LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Literature on the Health Sciences) together the Chinese Biomedical Retrieval System, the database of the Chinese Cochrane Centre, conference paper databases and checked bibliographies. 10 Chinese journals were searched by hand.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trials (RCT) or quasi-randomised controlled trials were included.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two authors decided which trials fitted the inclusion criteria and graded methodological quality independently.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine trials of different non-antiepileptic drugs involving 223 participants were included. Each trial investigated one non-antiepileptic drug. Two trials tested baclofen. In one, more people achieved 50% reduction from baseline than with placebo [relative risk (RR), 15.00; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.97-231.84; P 0.05]. In the other, slightly more participants who took baclofen showed a 75% reduction in attacks on the tenth day compared with carbamazepine (RR, 2.38; 95% CI, 0.83-6.85; P 0.11). One trial showed no significant difference in reduction in average daily frequency of attacks with Baclofen compared with Racemic Baclofen. Tizanidine was investigated in two trials. In one, the proportion of people with a reduction in the mean number of paroxysms per day increased with tizanidine compared with placebo (RR, 8.00; 95% CI, 1.21-52.69; P 0.03). In the other, one of five participants improved their visual analogue scale score with tizanidine and four of six did so having taken carbamazepine (RR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.05-1.89; P 0.20). One study showed that the improvement in mean values of pain scores with tocainide was similar to that of carbamazepine. In a further trial, more participants improved during the pimozide than the carbamazepine period (RR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.39-2.28). In another, a 0.5% instillation of proparacaine hydrochloride into the eyes did not produce significantly different results from placebo (RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.37-2.99; P 0.92). Finally, there was moderate or marked improvement in a study in seven of nine participants who took clomipramine and three of nine who took amitriptyline during a 12-week treatment (RR, 2.33; 95% CI, 0.87-6.27).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Trials of non-antiepileptic drugs for treating trigeminal neuralgia have all been limited by poor methodological quality or poor reporting. There is insufficient evidence from randomised clinical trials to show significant benefit from non-antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia.
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Dental Institute, Barts and the London Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.
authors.forename: Joanna M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zakrzewska