title: Tacrolimus (FK506), an immunosuppressive agent, prevents indomethacin-induced small intestinal ulceration in the rat: inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression.
abstract: We examined the effect of tacrolimus (FK506), an immunosuppressive drug, on indomethacin-induced small intestinal ulceration in rats. Animals were given indomethacin (10 mg/kg, s.c.), killed 24 h later, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and thiobarbituric acid reactants (TBARS) were evaluated in intestinal lesions. Tacrolimus (0.3 - 3 mg/kg) was administered p.o. twice 0.5 h before and 6 h after indomethacin injection. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA was determined by a TaqMan real-time RT-PCR, while the activity of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB DNA-binding was analyzed by electrophoresis mobility shift assays (EMSA) 6 h after indomethacin treatment. Indomethacin provoked severe hemorrhagic lesions in the small intestine, mainly in the jejunum and ileum, accompanied with increases in MPO activity and TBARS. Oral administration of tacrolimus reduced the severity of indomethacin-induced intestinal lesions in a dose-dependent manner. The increases in MPO activity and TBARS were also significantly attenuated by tacrolimus. The expression of iNOS mRNA was markedly enhanced when examined 6 h after indomethacin administration, and this response was counteracted by tacrolimus. Indomethacin also activated NF-kappaB in a tacrolimus-preventable manner. These results suggest that tacrolimus prevents indomethacin-induced small intestinal ulceration in the rat. This effect may be due to inhibition of iNOS induction through suppression of NF-kappaB activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan. skato@mb.kyoto-phu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Hikaru
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishio
authors.forename: Michitaka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogura
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics; D014456:Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009195:Peroxidase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D016559:Tacrolimus; D007213:Indomethacin