title: Prognostic significance of iNOS in epithelial ovarian cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the association of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression with clinicopathological factors and prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 301 patients with primary epithelial ovarian cancer. iNOS expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using a mouse monoclonal antibody.
  
  
  RESULTS
  iNOS positivity was observed as granular deposits in the cancer cell cytoplasm. The mean percentage of iNOS-positive cells was 50% in primary tumors (n=301), and 62% in metastatic lesions (n=43). iNOS expression correlated significantly with histological subtype of the tumor, as high (> 70%) iNOS expression was observed in mucinous tumors (p=0.009). Poorly differentiated tumors showed a tendency to low (< or = 70%) iNOS expression but without statistical significance. Low iNOS expression associated also significantly with large primary residual tumor (p=0.007) and tumor recurrence (p=0.04). The 10-year prognosis of the patients with high iNOS expression was better in disease-related survival (DRS) (p=0.009). However, in multivariate analysis only FIGO stage, primary residual tumor, and grade of the tumor were independent prognostic factors for DRS, but not the iNOS expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A major proportion of human epithelial ovarian cancers expressed iNOS. The positive expression was an indicator of better disease-related survival. However, iNOS positivity could not overcome the importance of clinicopathological factors in prediction of prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 1777, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. maarit.anttila@kuh.fi
authors.forename: Maarit A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Anttila
authors.forename: Kirsi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Voutilainen
authors.forename: Satu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Merivalo
authors.forename: Seppo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saarikoski
authors.forename: Veli-Matti
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Kosma
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II