Correlation between the nature of immunity induced by different immunogens and the establishment of latent infection by wild-type pseudorabies virus.
To assess the correlation between the nature of immunity induced by different types of immunogens and the establishment of latent infection by wild-type pseudorabies virus (PrV), we used a murine model immunized with different immunogens, the PrV modified live vaccine (MLV), inactivated vaccine (IAV), and commercial oil-adjuvant subunit vaccine (OSV), via either intranasal (i.n.) or intramuscular (i.m.) route. Both MLV and IAV induced a different nature of immunity biased to Th1- and Th2-type, respectively, as judged by the ratio of PrV-specific IgG isotypes (IgG2a/IgG1) and the profile of cytokine IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-gamma production. In contrast, the OSV induced a lower isotype IgG2a to IgG1 ratio and higher level of IL-2 production. The MLV (inducing Th1-type) provided more effective protection against a virulent wild-type PrV challenge than IAV and OSV (inducing Th2- and mixed type, respectively). In addition, the MLV impeded the establishment of a latent infection with wild-type PrV, and the decrease in the PrV latency load by immunization with the MLV appeared to be mediated by the immune T-cells. These results demonstrate the substantial role of the immune responses driven by preceding vaccination in modulating the establishment of PrV latency caused by the post-infection of a field virus.
A Yoon
Hyun
H
Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Duckjin-ku, Duckjin-dong, Jeonju City, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea.
Aleyas
Abi G
AG
George
Junu A
JA
Park
Seong Ok
SO
Han
Young Woo
YW
Hyun
Bang Hun
BH
Lee
John Hwa
JH
Song
Hee Jong
HJ
Cho
Jeong Gon
JG
Eo
Seong Kug
SK
D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D005260:Female; D011558:Herpesvirus 1, Suid / Q000276:immunology*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011557:Pseudorabies / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology*; D022421:Pseudorabies Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D017735:Virus Latency / Q000502:physiology*
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D022421:Pseudorabies Vaccines