title: [A distinct whole nucleus stain pattern of gamma H2AX induced by N-methyl-No-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine].
abstract: To characterize the DNA damage property represented by the distinct whole nucleus stain pattern of gammaH2AX induced by N-methyl-No-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG).
  
  
  
  MNNG-induced gammaH2AX foci formation in human amnion FL cells was observed by immunofluorescent microscopy. DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) were detected by neutral comet assay. General DNA damages were detected by alkaline comet assay.
  
  
  
  A distinct whole nucleus stain pattern of gammaH2AX was induced by high concentration MNNG (10 mg/L). 1 mg/L MNNG also induced this type of stain pattern in a small fraction of cells, although the effect was transient. Neutral comet assay did not detect any significant DSBs formation in this type of cells, while alkaline comet assay revealed the presence of DNA damage.
  
  
  
  Although normal gammaH2AX foci were regarded as a biomarker for DSBs, the whole nucleus stain pattern might represent DNA damage other than DSBs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Center for Environmental Genomics, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Yan-ke
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Zheng-wei
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000650:Amnion / Q000166:cytology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D020552:Comet Assay; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded / Q000187:drug effects; D004249:DNA Damage; D006657:Histones / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008769:Methylnitronitrosoguanidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: C468783:H2AX protein, human; D006657:Histones; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D008769:Methylnitronitrosoguanidine