title: Diagnostic performance of a random versus lesion-directed biopsy of the prostate from transrectal ultrasound: results of a 5-year consecutive clinical study in 1 institution in South Taiwan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare cancer detection rates of sonographically suspicious lesion-directed biopsies and random biopsies through transverse examination of prostate halves in 518 patients over 5 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1998 to 2002, 518 patients were referred for prostate biopsies because of either elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels or abnormal digital rectal examination findings. On the basis of transverse examination of prostate halves by transrectal ultrasound, we performed lesion-directed biopsy of 3 to 5 cores if morphologically suspicious lesions existed on sonography or random biopsy of 3 cores if no obvious suspicious lesions existed. Biopsy specimens were put into 2 labeled containers. Pathologic results were correlated with random and lesion-directed guided locations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine-hundred fifty-nine results were obtained from 439 random and 520 lesion-directed biopsies in 518 patients. Cancer was detected in 207 patients (40.7%). Patients with cancer who had PSA levels of 10.0 ng/mL or greater had higher proportions of bilateral cancer lesions than those with PSA levels of less than 10 ng/mL (P = 0.03). One hundred ten (25.1%) of 439 normal-appearing halves taken by random biopsy were tumor-positive compared with 200 (38.5 %) of 520 biopsies from halves with sonographically suspicious lesions. Regardless of having random or lesion-directed biopsies, patients with PSA levels of 10 ng/mL or greater had higher positive malignancy rates than those with PSA levels of less than 10.0 ng/mL (P < .001). In about 40 patients, a diagnosis was made by random biopsy from halves that were morphologically normal on sonography, not by lesion-directed biopsy from tumor-suspicious contralateral halves.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cancer detection rates of lesion-directed biopsies are superior to those of random biopsies regardless of PSA level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Buddhist Tzu-Chi Dalin General Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Kai
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.forename: Yuh-Shyan
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Yi-Hsiang
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Tzong-Shin
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Tzai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen