title: Testicular sperm aspiration (TESA) in 327 ICSI cycles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficiency of testicular sperm recovery by testicular sperm aspiration (TESA) in an IVF program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective Data Analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Couples undergoing TESA/ICSI for obstructive or nonobstructive azoospermia.
  
  
  METHODS
  ESA/ICSI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Efficiency of testicular sperm recovery, fertilization rate, implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between March 1, 1997 and March 31, 2005, 327 cycles of TESA/ICSI were performed in couples in which the male had obstructive or nonobstructive azoospermia. The efficiency of testicular sperm recovery was 99.4% and 99.3%, fertilization rate 57.1% and 49.1%, implantation rate 5.7% and 6.2%, and the clinical pregnancy rate 12.9% and 15.4% in men with obstructive and nonobstructive infertility, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The efficiency of TESA is very high in both obstructive and nonobstructive azoospermia. Because TESA is less invasive than TESE, it should be considered a valuable alternative to TESE in IVF programs, especially in setting where resources are limited.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: La Sala
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Valli
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leoni
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pescarini
authors.forename: Ferdinando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martino
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nicoli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D053713:Azoospermia / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D013094:Spermatozoa; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000379:methods*