title: Outcomes analysis of laparoscopic resection of pancreatic neoplasms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Experience with laparoscopic resection of pancreatic neoplasms remains limited. The purpose of this study is to critically analyze the indications for and outcomes after laparoscopic resection of pancreatic neoplasms.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of all patients undergoing laparoscopic resection of pancreatic neoplasms from July 2000 to February 2006 were reviewed. Data are expressed as mean +/- standard deviation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Laparoscopic pancreatic resection was performed in 22 patients (M:F, 8:14) with a mean age of 56.3 +/- 15.1 years and mean body mass index (BMI) of 26.3 +/- 4.5 kg/m2. Nine patients had undergone previous intra-abdominal surgery. Indications for pancreatic resection were cyst (1), glucagonoma (1), gastrinoma (2), insulinoma (3), metastatic tumor (2), IPMT (4), nonfunctioning neuroendocrine tumor (3), and mucinous/serous cystadenoma (6). Mean tumor size was 2.4 +/- 1.6 cm. Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy was attempted in 18 patients and completed in 17, and enucleation was performed in 4 patients. Laparoscopic ultrasound (n = 10) and a hand-assisted technique (n = 4) were utilized selectively. Mean operative time was 236 +/- 60 min and mean blood loss was 244 +/- 516 ml. There was one conversion to an open procedure because of bleeding from the splenic vein. The mean postoperative LOS was 4.5 +/- 2.0 days. Seven patients experienced a total of ten postoperative complications, including a urinary tract infection (UTI) (1), lower-extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolus (1), infected peripancreatic fluid collection (1), pancreatic pseudocyst (1), and pancreatic fistula (6). Five pancreatic fistulas were managed by percutaneous drainage. The reoperation rate was 4.5% and the overall pancreatic-related complication rate was 36.4%. One patient developed pancreatitis and a pseudocyst 5 months postoperatively, which was managed successfully with a pancreatic duct stent. There was no 30-day mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic pancreatic resection is safe and feasible in selected patients with pancreatic neoplasms. With a pancreatic duct leak rate of 27%, this problem remains an area of development for the minimally invasive technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Spitler
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Strasberg
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Linehan
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Halpin
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Eagon
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Brunt
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Frisella
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Matthews
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015994:Incidence; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D010180:Pancreatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome