title: Effect of oxygenated intraocular irrigation solutions on the electroretinogram after vitrectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of oxygenated intraocular irrigating solutions on electroretinograms (ERGs) for postvitrectomy rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight groups of five rabbits each underwent pars plana vitrectomy on the right eye; the left eye of each rabbit served as control. The intraocular irrigating solutions were balanced salt solution (BSS), BSS-plus, BSS + oxygen (BSS + O2), BSS-plus + O2, and combinations of each with the addition of endoillumination (L). All animals were evaluated by single-flash scotopic electroretinography on the operated and nonoperated eyes before surgery and at 1 hour, 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after surgery by an unmasked observer. The main outcome measures were dark-adapted b-wave amplitudes of operated eye/nonoperated eye ratios. The results for the different groups were compared by analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean dark-adapted b-wave amplitudes of operated eye/nonoperated eye ratios +/- SD for BSS-plus and BSS-plus + O2 before surgery and 1 hour, 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after surgery were 1.01 +/- 0.09, 0.50 +/- 0.11, 0.95 +/- 0.11, 0.97 +/- 0.11, and 0.99 +/- 0.08 and 0.98 +/- 0.08, 0.59 +/- 0.10, 0.92 +/- 0.06, 0.97 +/- 0.08, and 0.97 +/- 0.10, respectively. At both 1 hour and 1 day after surgery, rabbits treated with BSS-plus + O2 had an earlier b-wave return to baseline findings, but the differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Mean dark-adapted b-wave amplitudes of operated eye/nonoperated eye ratios +/- SD for BSS and BSS + O2 before surgery and 1 hour, 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after surgery were 1.02 +/- 0.10, 0.47 +/- 0.09, 0.77 +/- 0.07, 0.89 +/- 0.07, and 0.89 +/- 0.07 and 1.02 +/- 0.06, 0.62 +/- 0.16, 0.94 +/- 0.09, 0.97 +/- 0.08, and 0.96 +/- 0.06, respectively. One hour and 1 day after surgery, ERG readings for rabbits treated with BSS + O2 exhibited a statistically significantly earlier return of ERG voltage to baseline values compared with both BSS and BSS + L (P = 0.05 and P = 0.02, respectively). One day after surgery, rabbits treated with BSS alone had the lowest ERG ratios. One week and 1 month after surgery, for all solutions tested other than BSS, ERG values were within normal limits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of oxygenated solutions appears to affect ERG readings after pars plana vitrectomy. Further studies to evaluate the role of oxygenated solutions in different vitreoretinal surgical procedures are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Doheny Retina Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Javaheri
authors.forename: Gildo Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Juliana V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Carla Q
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Panzan
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yanai
authors.forename: Rohit R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Lakhanpal
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maia
authors.forename: Rahul N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Khurana
authors.forename: Dilek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guven
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Juan
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Humayun
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003623:Dark Adaptation; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004596:Electroretinography / Q000187:drug effects*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008903:Minerals / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010106:Oxygenators; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011817:Rabbits; D012160:Retina / Q000502:physiology*; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014821:Vitrectomy
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; C030660:BSS solution; D001639:Bicarbonates; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D008903:Minerals; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate; C013003:glutathione-bicarbonate-Ringer solution; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D005978:Glutathione; D010100:Oxygen