title: Binding patterns of human norovirus-like particles to buccal and intestinal tissues of gnotobiotic pigs in relation to A/H histo-blood group antigen expression.
abstract: Histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) phenotypes have been associated with susceptibility to human noroviruses (HuNoVs). Our aims were: (i) to determine the patterns of A/H HBGA expression in buccal and intestinal tissues of gnotobiotic (Gn) pigs; (ii) to determine if virus-like particles (VLPs) of HuNoV genogroup I (GI) and GII bind to A- or H-type tissues; (iii) to compare A/H expression and VLP binding patterns and confirm their binding specificities by blocking assays; (iv) to develop a hemagglutination inhibition test using buccal cells from live pigs to determine the Gn pig's A/H phenotype and to match viral strains with previously determined HuNoV VLP binding specificities; and (v) to determine the A/H phenotypes and compare these data to the infection outcomes of a previous study of 65 Gn pigs inoculated with HuNoV GII/4 strain HS66 and expressing A and/or H or neither antigen on their buccal and intestinal tissues (S. Cheetham, M. Souza, T. Meulia, S. Grimes, M. G. Han, and L. J. Saif, J. Virol. 80:10372-10381, 2006). We found that the HuNoV GI/GII VLPs of different clusters bound to tissues from four pigs tested (two A+ and two H+). The GI/1 and GII/4 VLPs bound extensively to duodenal and buccal tissues from either A+ or H+ pigs, but surprisingly, GII/1 and GII/3 VLPs bound minimally to the duodenum of an A+ pig. The VLP binding was partially inhibited by A-, H1-, or H2-specific monoclonal antibodies, but was completely blocked by porcine mucin. Comparing the A/H phenotypes of 65 HS66-inoculated Gn pigs from our previous study, we found that significantly more A+ and H(+) pigs (51%) than non-A+ and non-H+ pigs (12.5%) shed virus. From the 22 convalescent pigs, significantly more A+ or H+ pigs (66%) than non-A+ or H+ pigs (25%) seroconverted.
authors.affiliation: Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheetham
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McGregor
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meulia
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Saif
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001789:Blood Group Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D005856:Germ-Free Life / Q000276:immunology*; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D009055:Mouth / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D029322:Norovirus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D010641:Phenotype; D013552:Swine; D014771:Virion / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001789:Blood Group Antigens; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral