title: The positive role of lumbar puncture in the diagnosis of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: lymphocyte subsets in the aqueous humor and cerebrospinal fluid.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Activated T cells are believed to be important at the inflammatory sites in the pathogenesis of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. Patients are often affected by meningitis and uveitis. In this work, to examine the positive role of lumbar puncture in the diagnosis of VKH disease, we analyzed and compared the surface markers of aqueous humor cells, cerebrospinal fluid cells, and peripheral blood lymphocytes by use of flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most lymphocytes were T cells. In aqueous humor and cerebrospinal fluid, numbers of CD3(+), CD4(+), and CD4(+)CD45RO(+) cells were significantly greater than in peripheral blood lymphocytes (P < 0.01). The CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio for aqueous humor and cerebrospinal fluid was significantly higher than that for peripheral blood cells (P < 0.01). Four weeks after starting systemic corticosteroid treatment, numbers of CD4(+) and CD4(+)CD45RO(+) cells in cerebrospinal fluid were significantly lower than before treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Profiles of surface markers were similar for cerebrospinal fluid and aqueous humor, but apparently different from that for peripheral blood cells. This suggests that cerebrospinal fluid may reflect the active local immunological reaction at sites affected by the disease, i.e. the uvea and the meninges.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N-15, W-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan. nobukita@med.hokudai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Nobuyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kitaichi
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matoba
authors.forename: Shigeaki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohno
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000276:immunology*; D015415:Biomarkers; D017252:CD3 Complex; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000276:immunology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D013129:Spinal Puncture; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D014607:Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D017252:CD3 Complex; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens