title: Enhanced emotion-induced amnesia in borderline personality disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current biological concepts of borderline personality disorder (BPD) emphasize the interference of emotional hyperarousal and cognitive functions. A prototypical example is episodic memory. Pre-clinical investigations of emotion-episodic memory interactions have shown specific retrograde and anterograde episodic memory changes in response to emotional stimuli. These changes are amygdala dependent and vary as a function of emotional arousal and valence.
  
  
  METHODS
  To determine whether there is amygdala hyper-responsiveness to emotional stimuli as the underlying pathological substrate of cognitive dysfunction in BPD, 16 unmedicated female patients with BPD were tested on the behavioural indices of emotion-induced amnesia and hypermnesia established in 16 healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BPD patients displayed enhanced retrograde and anterograde amnesia in response to presentation of negative stimuli, while positive stimuli elicited no episodic memory-modulating effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that an amygdala hyper-responsiveness to negative stimuli may serve as a crucial aetiological contributor to emotion-induced cognitive dysfunction in BPD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. rene.hurlemann@ukb.uni-bonn.de
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hurlemann
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hawellek
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: Raymond J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Dolan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000647:Amnesia / Q000523:psychology*; D000679:Amygdala / Q000503:physiopathology; D001143:Arousal; D001883:Borderline Personality Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011939:Mental Recall