title: The impact of vitamin D status on changes in bone mineral density during treatment with bisphosphonates and after discontinuation following long-term use in post-menopausal osteoporosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is still unclear whether addition of calcium/vitamin D supplements leads to an incremental benefit in patients taking bisphosphonates and whether achievement of serum level of 25 (OH) vitamin D of at least 70 nmol/L has an impact on the skeletal response to bisphosphonates. Moreover the maintenance of BMD after bisphosphonates withdrawal with the continuation of calcium/vitamin D supplements only, remains uncertain. The aims were to assess the impact of vitamin D status on changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in firstly patients with post-menopausal osteoporosis on bisphosphonates and secondly following discontinuation of bisphosphonates after long-term use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two patient groups were recruited. The first study population comprised of 112 women treated with a bisphosphonate. The second study population consisted of 35 women who had been on bisphosphonates for > 5 years in whom the treatment agent was discontinued. Baseline BMD, changes in BMD following treatment, duration of treatment, serum 25 (OH) vitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), urine C-terminal telopeptides of type 1 collagen (CTX) were obtained on the study participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first study group, subjects with serum vitamin D concentrations (> 70 nmol/L) had a significantly lower serum PTH level (mean [SEM] 41 2 ng/L). PTH concentrations of 41 ng/L or less was associated with a significantly higher increase in BMD at the hip following treatment with bisphosphonates compared to patients with PTH > 41 ng/L (2.5% [0.9] v/s -0.2% [0.9], P = 0.04). In the second study group, discontinuation of bisphosphonate for 15 months after long-term treatment did not result in significant bone loss at the lumbar spine and total hip, although a trend towards gradual decline in BMD at the femoral neck was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  the data suggest that optimal serum 25 (OH) vitamin D concentration may lead to further reduction in bone loss at the hip in patients on bisphosphonates. A prospective controlled trial is needed to evaluate whether the response to bisphosphonates is influenced by vitamin D status. BMD is preserved at the lumbar spine and total hip following discontinuation of bisphosphonate for a short period following long-term treatment, although a gradual loss occurs at the femoral neck.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology and metabolic bone clinic, St Thomas' Hospital campus, Kings College London, London, UK. andrew.deane@kcl.ac.uk <andrew.deane@kcl.ac.uk>
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Deane
authors.forename: Leonor
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Constancio
authors.forename: Ignac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fogelman
authors.forename: Geeta
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hampson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; D013995:Time; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D028761:Withholding Treatment
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D014807:Vitamin D