title: Influence of start-up on PCDD/F emission of incinerators.
abstract: This study aims to evaluate the influence of start-up on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) concentration in the stack flue gas of incinerators and its contributing PCDD/F emission. The PCDD/F emission of the first sample among three consecutive stack flue gas samples of five intermittent incinerators, which sampled at a stable combustion condition after start-up, is 2-3 times higher than the mean of the others. For verifying the PCDD/F characteristics of incinerators during start-up, one continuous MSWI was investigated for two years. The elevated PCDD/F emissions of the MSWI during start-up could reach 96.9 ng I-TEQN m(-3) and still maintained a high PCDD/F emission (40 times higher than the Taiwan emission limit) even 18 h after the injection of activated carbon, indicating the memory effect. Taking the MSWI for example, which consists of four incinerators, the estimated annual PCDD/F emission from normal operational conditions was 0.112 g I-TEQ. However, one start-up procedure can generate approximately 60% of the PCDD/F emissions for one whole year of normal operations. And the PCDD/F emission, which is the result of the start-ups of four incinerators, was at least two times larger than that of a whole year's normal operations, without consideration for the PCDD/F emission contributed by the long lasting memory effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Cheng Shiu University, 840, Chengching Road, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan, ROC. lcwang@csu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Lin-Chi
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hsing-Cheng
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Hsi
authors.forename: Juu-En
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Xing-Yi
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Guo-Ping
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Chang-Chien
authors.forename: Wei-Shan
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis*; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D017745:Incineration; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D017744:Medical Waste Disposal; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D011108:Polymers / Q000032:analysis*; D012621:Seasons; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D001572:Benzofurans; D007220:Industrial Waste; D017744:Medical Waste Disposal; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D011108:Polymers; C016068:polychlorodibenzofuran