Randomized dose-ranging controlled trial of AQ-13, a candidate antimalarial, and chloroquine in healthy volunteers.
OBJECTIVE
To determine: (1) the pharmacokinetics and safety of an investigational aminoquinoline active against multidrug-resistant malaria parasites (AQ-13), including its effects on the QT interval, and (2) whether it has pharmacokinetic and safety profiles similar to chloroquine (CQ) in humans.


METHODS
Phase I double-blind, randomized controlled trials to compare AQ-13 and CQ in healthy volunteers. Randomizations were performed at each step after completion of the previous dose.


METHODS
Tulane-Louisiana State University-Charity Hospital General Clinical Research Center in New Orleans.


METHODS
126 healthy adults 21-45 years of age.


METHODS
10, 100, 300, 600, and 1,500 mg oral doses of CQ base in comparison with equivalent doses of AQ-13.


METHODS
Clinical and laboratory adverse events (AEs), pharmacokinetic parameters, and QT prolongation.


RESULTS
No hematologic, hepatic, renal, or other organ toxicity was observed with AQ-13 or CQ at any dose tested. Headache, lightheadedness/dizziness, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract-related symptoms were the most common AEs. Although symptoms were more frequent with AQ-13, the numbers of volunteers who experienced symptoms with AQ-13 and CQ were similar (for AQ-13 and CQ, respectively: headache, 17/63 and 10/63, p = 0.2; lightheadedness/dizziness, 11/63 and 8/63, p = 0.6; GI symptoms, 14/63 and 13/63; p = 0.9). Both AQ-13 and CQ exhibited linear pharmacokinetics. However, AQ-13 was cleared more rapidly than CQ (respectively, median oral clearance 14.0-14.7 l/h versus 9.5-11.3 l/h; p < or = 0.03). QTc prolongation was greater with CQ than AQ-13 (CQ: mean increase of 28 ms; 95% confidence interval [CI], 18 to 38 ms, versus AQ-13: mean increase of 10 ms; 95% CI, 2 to 17 ms; p = 0.01). There were no arrhythmias or other cardiac AEs with either AQ-13 or CQ.


CONCLUSIONS
These studies revealed minimal differences in toxicity between AQ-13 and CQ, and similar linear pharmacokinetics.
Mzayek
Fawaz
F
Center for Infectious Diseases, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America.
Deng
Haiyan
H
Mather
Frances J
FJ
Wasilevich
Elizabeth C
EC
Liu
Huayin
H
Hadi
Christiane M
CM
Chansolme
David H
DH
Murphy
Holly A
HA
Melek
Bekir H
BH
Tenaglia
Alan N
AN
Mushatt
David M
DM
Dreisbach
Albert W
AW
Lertora
Juan J L
JJ
Krogstad
Donald J
DJ