title: The value of interictal diffusion-weighted imaging in lateralizing temporal lobe epilepsy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A subgroup of patients with nonlesional temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) has no evidence of hippocampal sclerosis on standard temporal lobe protocol MRI.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether interictal diffusion-weighted imaging adds lateralizing information in patients with TLE with and without lateralizing conventional MRI.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 22 patients (9 right, 13 left TLE) who had undergone temporal lobectomy and 18 control subjects. We measured hippocampal volumes on high- resolution coronal magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo scans. Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) for the entire hippocampus and three arbitrarily defined areas of interest within the hippocampal head, body, and tail were measured from the coregistered ADC map. Pathology was reviewed and correlated with imaging findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen of 22 patients had hippocampal atrophy on MRI (defined as volume asymmetry greater than 2 SDs compared with asymmetry in the control group). Overall, resected hippocampi (n = 22) were significantly smaller than contralateral hippocampi as well as ipsilateral hippocampi in controls. ADCs were significantly higher in resected hippocampi than contralateral hippocampi as well as ipsilateral hippocampi in controls. These differences were also observed within the three areas of interest. ADCs in the hippocampi contralateral to the epileptogenic zone (n = 22) were also higher than in ipsilateral hippocampi in controls. In the subgroup of eight patients with nonlateralizing conventional MRIs, ADCs of resected hippocampi were not significantly different compared with the contralateral side. Pathology in these patients revealed gliosis only without apparent neuron loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interictal apparent diffusion coefficients confirm lateralization in patients with hippocampal atrophy on standard temporal lobe protocol MRI. However, they do not provide lateralizing information in patients with nonlateralizing conventional MRI.
authors.affiliation: Epilepsy Center-S10, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. wehnert@ccf.org
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wehner
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lapresto
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tkach
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bingaman
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Prayson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ruggieri
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Diehl
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016472:Motor Neuron Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity