title: KAL1 mutations are not a common cause of idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism in humans.
abstract: Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism results in the absence of puberty and if left untreated leads to infertility. Mutations in KAL1 are known to account for some of the cases of Kallmann syndrome. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of KAL1 mutations in a large number of patients with idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (IHH). One hundred and thirty eight patients (109 males and 29 females) with IHH were studied for mutations in KAL1. DNA from these patients was subjected to denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis or single strand conformation polymorphism to identify mutations. Sequencing was performed to confirm mutations detected. Four mutations were found in 109 males (3.7%). All four mutations were in anosmic/hyposmic men making the prevalence 4/63 (6.3%) in this group of patients. No mutations were found in the 29 female patients. KAL1 mutations are an uncommon cause of Kallmann syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Balasubramanian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bhagavath
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Metin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozata
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Rosenfield
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Bick
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Sherins
authors.forename: Lawrence C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Layman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000235:genetics*; D017436:Kallmann Syndrome / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: C076266:ANOS1 protein, human; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins