A preliminary study of anti-1-amino-3-18F-fluorocyclobutyl-1-carboxylic acid for the detection of prostate cancer.
We evaluated the feasibility of anti-1-amino-3-(18)F-fluorocyclobutyl-1-carboxylic acid (anti-(18)F-FACBC) in diagnosing prostate cancer (PCa), using a rat orthotopic prostate cancer transplantation (OPCT) model. Furthermore, using in vivo experiments, we examined the potential of anti-(18)F-FACBC for differentiating between PCa and inflammation and between PCa and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).


METHODS
The OPCT model was developed by transplanting DU145, a human PCa cell line, into the ventral prostate of athymic F344 rats. To develop a dual PCa and inflammation (DPCI) model, MAT-Ly-Lu-B2--a rat PCa cell line--was transplanted subcutaneously into male Copenhagen rats. Streptozotocin was injected into the hind footpad of these rats for inducing popliteal lymphadenitis. For inducing the BPH, normal F344 rats were castrated and injected subcutaneously with testosterone propionate. In biodistribution studies, the rats were injected with anti-(18)F-FACBC or (18)F-FDG and sacrificed at 15 or 60 min after injection. We performed dynamic small-animal PET of the abdominal portion of the OPCT rats for 60 min after the injection of anti-(18)F-FACBC or (18)F-FDG.


RESULTS
The biodistribution in the OPCT rats at 60 min after injection showed that the uptake of anti-(18)F-FACBC and (18)F-FDG into the PCa tissue was 1.58 +/- 0.40 %ID/cm(3) (percentage injected dose per cm(3)) and 1.48 +/- 0.90 %ID/cm(3), respectively (P > 0.05). The accumulation of anti-(18)F-FACBC in the urinary bladder at 60 min after injection was 3.09 +/- 1.43 %ID/cm(3), whereas that of (18)F-FDG was 69.31 +/- 16.55 %ID/cm(3) (P < 0.05). Consequently, small-animal imaging with anti-(18)F-FACBC facilitated the visualization of the PCa tissue of the OPCT rats with higher contrast than (18)F-FDG. Furthermore, in comparison with (18)F-FDG, apparently higher ratios of PCa to inflammation and PCa to BPH accumulation of anti-(18)F-FACBC were demonstrated in the animal models.


CONCLUSIONS
FACBC PET is believed to be useful not only for the visualization of human PCa but also for differentiating between PCa and inflammation and between PCa and BHP.
Oka
Shuntaro
S
Research Center, Nihon Medi-Physics Co., Ltd., Sodegaura, Kitasode, Chiba, Japan. shuntaro_oka@nmp.co.jp
Hattori
Ryota
R
Kurosaki
Fumie
F
Toyama
Masahito
M
Williams
Larry A
LA
Yu
Weiping
W
Votaw
John R
JR
Yoshida
Yasunori
Y
Goodman
Mark M
MM
Ito
Osamu
O
D000818:Animals; D001345:Autoradiography; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003503:Cyclobutanes; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008297:Male; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D011923:Rats, Nude; D013311:Streptozocin / Q000494:pharmacology; D001743:Urinary Bladder
D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D003503:Cyclobutanes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C117460:fluciclovine F-18; D013311:Streptozocin