title: Soy compared to casein meal replacement shakes with energy-restricted diets for obese women: randomized controlled trial.
abstract: Recent studies suggest that obese individuals lose weight more rapidly and lose more total weight with soy protein than with animal protein as a major diet component. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the weight-loss efficacy and changes in body composition, waist circumference, blood pressure, and levels of plasma glucose, insulin, serum lipids, C-reactive protein, and homocysteine from consumption of either 3 soy shakes or 3 casein shakes daily as part of a 16-week, energy-restricted diet for obese women. Forty-three women with body mass index values of 30 to 40 kg/m(2) were randomized to intensive dietary interventions using either casein (n = 21) or soy (n = 22) shakes. Subjects were instructed to consume 3 shakes, 1 prepackaged entrée, and 5 servings of fruits or vegetables daily to achieve an energy intake of 4.5 to 5.0 MJ/d. Subjects attended classes weekly or biweekly. Weight, body fat, lipid, and glucose measurements were obtained at baseline and at 8 and 16 weeks. For both groups combined, subjects lost 8.1% of initial body weight (7.7 kg) at 8 weeks and 13.4% (12.7 kg) at 16 weeks. Weight loss from baseline did not differ significantly by group and, for completing subjects, was 14.0% +/- 1.2% (mean +/- SE) for casein and 12.8% +/- 1.4% for soy. With the intention-to-treat analysis, weight losses at 16 weeks were 12.5% +/- 1.4% for casein and 11.3% +/- 1.2% for soy. Body fat losses were 23.7% +/- 2.0% for casein and 21.8% +/- 2.4% for soy and did not differ significantly. Both study groups lost significant amounts of weight with a highly structured behavioral program incorporating 4 meal replacements and vegetables and fruits. Differences in weight loss and body composition changes between casein and soy treatments were not significant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40504, USA. jwandersmd@aol.com
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.forename: Katy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Blair
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tabor
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D050154:Adiposity / Q000187:drug effects; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D002364:Caseins / Q000009:adverse effects; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D005260:Female; D006711:Homocystine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008019:Life Style; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010352:Patient Dropouts; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D041942:Soy Milk; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002364:Caseins; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D006711:Homocystine; D002097:C-Reactive Protein