title: Worked examples of alternative methods for the synthesis of qualitative and quantitative research in systematic reviews.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The inclusion of qualitative studies in systematic reviews poses methodological challenges. This paper presents worked examples of two methods of data synthesis (textual narrative and thematic), used in relation to one review, with the aim of enabling researchers to consider the strength of different approaches.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of lay perspectives of infant size and growth was conducted, locating 19 studies (including both qualitative and quantitative). The data extracted from these were synthesised using both a textual narrative and a thematic synthesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The processes of both methods are presented, showing a stepwise progression to the final synthesis. Both methods led us to similar conclusions about lay views toward infant size and growth. Differences between methods lie in the way they dealt with study quality and heterogeneity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the basis of the work reported here, we consider textual narrative and thematic synthesis have strengths and weaknesses in relation to different research questions. Thematic synthesis holds most potential for hypothesis generation, but may obscure heterogeneity and quality appraisal. Textual narrative synthesis is better able to describe the scope of existing research and account for the strength of evidence, but is less good at identifying commonality.
authors.affiliation: School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Rd, Bristol BS8 1TZ, UK. patricia.lucas@bristol.ac.uk <patricia.lucas@bristol.ac.uk>
authors.forename: Patricia J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: Janis
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baird
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Law
authors.forename: Helen M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Roberts
mesh_terms: D006128:Growth; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012107:Research Design; D012196:Review Literature as Topic