title: Phase-II study of docetaxel, estramustine phosphate, and carboplatin in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the safety and efficacy of combination chemotherapy with docetaxel (DTX), estramustine phosphate (EMP), and carboplatin (CBDCA) in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included a total of 40 HRPC patients. We evaluated the activity of the following schedule: weekly DTX 30 mg/m(2) iv, daily EMP 10mg/kg po, and CBDCA AUC=6 iv on day 1 of a every 4-wk cycle. Treatment was continued until disease progression or excessive toxicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients were assessable for response. A median of six consecutive cycles was administered per patient. Levels of prostate-specific antigen decreased by more than 50% in 95.0% of the patients. Consumption of medication for cancer-induced pain was reduced in 84.6%. Partial response was attained in 66.7% of measurable lesions. Of patients with bone metastasis, 8.3% demonstrated partial response. With a median follow-up of 11.4 mo, the median time to progression was 12.0 mo, and the median overall survival time was 26.6 mo. The predominant toxicities were grade-3 or -4 anemia in 32.5% of the patients, leukopenia in 20.0%, and thrombocytopenia in 17.5%. However, all toxicity was temporary and reversible with dose reduction or temporary cessation of chemotherapeutic agents. There were no therapy-related deaths.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combination chemotherapy with DTX/EMP/CBDCA was found to have significant clinical activity with an acceptable toxicity profile in HRPC patients. More suitable selection of patients may be beneficial in terms of improved overall survival in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kikuno
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Urakami
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hiraoka
authors.forename: Taijyu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hyuga
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arichi
authors.forename: Kouji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wake
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sumura
authors.forename: Tatsuaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoneda
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kishi
authors.forename: Kazushi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shigeno
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shiina
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Igawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D000077143:Docetaxel; D004961:Estramustine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D043823:Taxoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D043823:Taxoids; D000077143:Docetaxel; D004961:Estramustine; D016190:Carboplatin; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen