title: The Hanford Thyroid Disease Study: an alternative view of the findings.
abstract: The Hanford Thyroid Disease Study (HTDS) is one of the largest and most complex epidemiologic studies of the relation between environmental exposures to I and thyroid disease. The study detected no dose-response relation using a 0.05 level for statistical significance. The results for thyroid cancer appear inconsistent with those from other studies of populations with similar exposures, and either reflect inadequate statistical power, bias, or unique relations between exposure and disease risk. In this paper, we explore these possibilities, and present evidence that the HTDS statistical power was inadequate due to complex uncertainties associated with the mathematical models and assumptions used to reconstruct individual doses. We conclude that, at the very least, the confidence intervals reported by the HTDS for thyroid cancer and other thyroid diseases are too narrow because they fail to reflect key uncertainties in the measurement-error structure. We recommend that the HTDS results be interpreted as inconclusive rather than as evidence for little or no disease risk from Hanford exposures.
authors.affiliation: SENES Oak Ridge, Inc., Center for Risk Analysis, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA. senesor@senes.com
authors.forename: F Owen
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: A James
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ruttenber
authors.forename: A Iulian
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Apostoaei
authors.forename: Raymond J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: Sander
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Greenland
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis*; D009688:Nuclear Reactors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014861:Washington
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes