title: Are neuroradiological or neurophysiological characteristics associated with upper-extremity hypertonia in severe ischaemia in supratentorial stroke?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The primary goal was to identify the neuroradiological and neurophysiological risk factors for upper-extremity hypertonia in patients with severe ischaemic supratentorial stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inception cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-three consecutive patients with an acute ischaemic supratentorial stroke and an initial upper-extremity paralysis admitted to an academic hospital recruited over a 1.5-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Upper-extremity hypertonia was assessed by the Ashworth scale and clinically relevant hypertonia was defined as Ashworth scale >or=2. Any association of (clinically relevant) hypertonia with neuroradiological (lesion side, extent of lesion, and stroke history), and neurophysiological (motor-evoked potential and silent period) characteristics was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Associations between hypertonia and the selected neuroradiological and neurophysiological risk factors were generally low. Univariate analyses yielded none of the selected neuroradiological or neurophysiological characteristics as significantly associated with hypertonia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the high incidence of hypertonia in these patients, we could not identify any of the selected neuroradiological or neurophysiological characteristics as a risk factor for hypertonia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Radboud University, Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. a.v.kuijk@tolbrug.nl
authors.forename: Annette A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: van Kuijk
authors.forename: Henk T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Hendricks
authors.forename: Jaco W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Pasman
authors.forename: Berry H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Kremer
authors.forename: Alexander C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Geurts
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001132:Arm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D009122:Muscle Hypertonia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation