title: The peritoneal explant test for evaluating tissue tolerance to mouthrinses.
abstract: The tissue cultures of explants of neonatal rat peritoneum have been demonstrated to be a sensitive test for tissue compatibility with wound antiseptics. The present study investigated the suitability of this method to assess the relative toxicity of mouthrinses to tissue. Mouthrinses containing 0.1% chlorhexidine (Chlorhexamed Fluid 0.1%) (A), 0.3% triclosan (Colgate) (B), essential oil in ethanolic solution (Listerine) (C), and amine/stannous fluoride (Meridol) (D) were tested at use concentration and in dilutions of 10, 1, and 0.1% with exposure times of 1, 10, and 30 min, respectively. The mouthrinses (test) and Ringer's solutions (control) were applied to opened rat peritoneum. After thorough irrigation with Ringer's solution, a piece of peritoneum was removed and 1 x 1 mm explants were cut. The explants were cultivated with a bovine serum culture medium in 24-well plates at 37 degrees C in a CO2 incubator (95% air, 5% CO2). After 10 days, the tissue proliferation for the explants was assessed by a stereo microscope at 10x magnification after ethanol fixing and hemalaun staining. With 24 grafts per test, the proliferation rate was calculated relative to a control, which was run for each mouthrinse and concentration/time combination. Data were analyzed using ANOVA (SPSS 11.0) and post-hoc paired t test. Statistical significance of all correlations was tested by setting the significance level at p < 0.05. At most concentrations, D caused significantly less tissue damage than A or B. There was no difference between C and A or C and B at 100%. However, the toxicity of C was significantly less than A or B at 10, 1, and 0.1%. C and D behaved similarly except for the 10% (30 min) and the 1% (10 min) solutions in which C was significantly less toxic. We concluded that the rat peritoneum explant test was demonstrated to be a sensitive test to assess the relative toxicity of mouthrinses to tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. welk@uni-greifswald.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Welk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lüdtke
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schwahn
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Daeschlein
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000633:toxicity*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000633:toxicity; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000633:toxicity*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D012459:Salicylates / Q000633:toxicity; D013729:Terpenes / Q000633:toxicity; D013997:Time Factors; D014002:Tin Fluorides / Q000633:toxicity; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D014260:Triclosan / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D004338:Drug Combinations; D009067:Mouthwashes; D012459:Salicylates; D013729:Terpenes; D014002:Tin Fluorides; C059813:Meridol; D014260:Triclosan; C057473:Listerine; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D002710:Chlorhexidine