title: Outcome of excision of megarectum in children with anorectal malformation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Megarectum in association with anorectal malformation contributes to chronic constipation and fecal incontinence. Resection of megarectum in anorectal malformation improves bowel function, but neuropathy and poor sphincter quality may affect the outcome of fecal continence adversely. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits of resection of megarectum in anorectal malformation and to ascertain the impact of anal sphincter quality and neuropathy on the outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 62 children with intractable fecal incontinence after repair of anorectal malformation between January 1991 and January 2005. All patients were investigated with anorectal manometry and anal endosonography under ketamine anesthesia. On endosonography, an intact or scarred internal anal sphincter (IAS) was classified as good and a fragmented or absent IAS as poor. On manometry, a resting anal sphincter pressure equal to or more than 30 mm Hg was classified as good and a lower pressure as poor. Functional assessment of fecal continence was done before and after excision of megarectum using a modified Wingfield scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen children had excision of megarectum with median age of 9 years (range, 2-15 years) and postoperative follow-up of 5 years (range, 1-10 years). Seven had formation of antegrade continent enema stoma before excision of megarectum. Children were classified into three groups of anomalies: low (n = 6), intermediate (n = 4), and high (n = 6). All children were incontinent of feces. After excision of megarectum, of the 9 children with good IAS and no neuropathy, 7 became continent of feces. Of the remaining 7 children, 4 had poor IAS and 3 had neuropathy, 5 of whom required an antegrade continent enema stoma to be clean.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Excision of megarectum in children who had previous repair of anorectal malformation results in fecal continence in the presence of a good IAS and absence of neuropathy. Patients with a poor IAS or neuropathy will often require artificial means of fecal continence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital Lewisham, NHS Trust, London SE13 6LH, UK. ali.keshtgar@uhl.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Alireza S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Keshtgar
authors.forename: Harry C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: Graham S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Clayden
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000294:innervation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004065:Digestive System Abnormalities / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012002:Rectal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000151:congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D012007:Rectum / Q000002:abnormalities; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome