title: Response of rural physicians in a non-fee-for-service environment to acute increases in demand due to physician shortages.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Weeneebayko Health Ahtuskaywin (WHA) is an Aboriginal regional health authority serving a large remote region on the west coast of James Bay. The physicians are all paid on a non-fee-for-service basis. There are periods of acute shortage, periods of relative stability and periods when much of the care is provided by locum physicians. As a closed system, it is ideal for the investigation of physician response to periods of acute increases in demand for service.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the relationships between staffing levels and service provision to describe the response of physicians to increased demand due to an acute shortage of physicians. It also looked at whether payment options affected these relationships.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using an existing administrative database from WHA for the period 1999 to 2002, relationships between staffing levels and service provision were investigated. We looked at the relationship between total physician levels and the number of patients seen per family medicine clinic. We also studied the relationships between total physician staffing levels and the number of patients seen in clinic, in the emergency department (ED), and per ED shift. We also looked at some proxy measures for the level of intensity of the work, including the number of hospital inpatients, the number of medevacs per ED shift and the number of ED shifts per physician. Exploratory graphical analysis was conducted and was followed by linear regression for associations of interest.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During periods of decreased staffing, physicians saw more patients per clinic and ED shift, despite the lack of financial incentives. The study also clearly demonstrates the increased intensity of the workloads carried by rural physicians in times of staffing shortages as noted by increased numbers of ED shifts, increased numbers of medevacs per ED shift and the lack of a decline in inpatient numbers. This highlights the need for ongoing recruitment and retention efforts in rural and remote locations to ensure adequate physician staffing levels, if burnout is to be avoided.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine & Community Health and Epidemiology, Centre for Health Services & Policy Research, Queen's University, Kingston, ON.
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Rebecca I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Van Iersel
mesh_terms: D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D002170:Canada; D019992:Databases as Topic; D005194:Family Practice; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling; D010820:Physicians / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D019035:Rural Health Services; D012456:Salaries and Fringe Benefits; D000078329:Workforce; D016526:Workload