title: Measurement of penile curvature in Peyronie's disease patients: comparison of three methods.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Peyronie's disease (PD) may be treated in a medical or surgical fashion. Factors involved in the decision of which treatment to choose include duration of disease and magnitude of penile deformity. Curvature can be measured using at-home photography (AHP), vacuum erection device (VED), or intracavernosal injection (ICI). This study was undertaken to determine the concordance between the three methods of deformity assessment. Patients were also questioned regarding the presence of erectile dysfunction (ED) based on self-report and the International Index of Erectile Function.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 68 men presented to their urologist after taking penile photographs from three angles during maximal erectile rigidity. In the office, a VED was used to induce erection, and a goniometer was utilized to measure degree of curvature. ICI with trimix was then used to induce artificial erection, which was measured with a goniometer as well.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistically significant difference in self-report curvature magnitude compared with measured ICI-assisted curvature. Curvature profiles included dorsal plaques in 50 patients (73.5%), ventral plaques in 10 (15%), and lateral in eight (11%). Using ICI, the mean curvature measured was 42 degrees. Mean degree of curvature using VED was 33 degrees, while that of photography was 34 degrees. Photographic measurements differed most from ICI in men with concurrent ED (P < 0.01), while vacuum device measurements were most inaccurate in men with curvatures of >60 degrees.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that the degree of curvature measured using vacuum-assisted device and AHP is underestimated as compared with the gold standard ICI. We therefore recommend that ICI be used to most accurately determine degree of deformity. If ICI is not available, it is imperative that the same manner of measurement be used between all patients in a study group, as well as during serial evaluation in a trial.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA;. Electronic address: jpm2005@med.cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohebshalom
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mulhall
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guhring
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D053587:Arthrometry, Articular / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010410:Penile Erection; D010411:Penile Induration / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010413:Penis / Q000473:pathology*; D010781:Photography / Q000379:methods; D012107:Research Design