title: Sunitinib versus interferon alfa in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since sunitinib malate has shown activity in two uncontrolled studies in patients with metastatic renal-cell carcinoma, a comparison of the drug with interferon alfa in a phase 3 trial is warranted.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 750 patients with previously untreated, metastatic renal-cell carcinoma in a multicenter, randomized, phase 3 trial to receive either repeated 6-week cycles of sunitinib (at a dose of 50 mg given orally once daily for 4 weeks, followed by 2 weeks without treatment) or interferon alfa (at a dose of 9 MU given subcutaneously three times weekly). The primary end point was progression-free survival. Secondary end points included the objective response rate, overall survival, patient-reported outcomes, and safety.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median progression-free survival was significantly longer in the sunitinib group (11 months) than in the interferon alfa group (5 months), corresponding to a hazard ratio of 0.42 (95% confidence interval, 0.32 to 0.54; P<0.001). Sunitinib was also associated with a higher objective response rate than was interferon alfa (31% vs. 6%, P<0.001). The proportion of patients with grade 3 or 4 treatment-related fatigue was significantly higher in the group treated with interferon alfa, whereas diarrhea was more frequent in the sunitinib group (P<0.05). Patients in the sunitinib group reported a significantly better quality of life than did patients in the interferon alfa group (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Progression-free survival was longer and response rates were higher in patients with metastatic renal-cell cancer who received sunitinib than in those receiving interferon alfa (ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00098657 and NCT00083889 [ClinicalTrials.gov]).
authors.affiliation: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA. motzerr@mskcc.org
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Motzer
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Hutson
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tomczak
authors.forename: M Dror
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Michaelson
authors.forename: Ronald M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bukowski
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rixe
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oudard
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Negrier
authors.forename: Cezary
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Szczylik
authors.forename: Sindy T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Isan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Bycott
authors.forename: Charles M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Baum
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Figlin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011788:Quality of Life; D017479:Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D012307:Risk Factors; D000077210:Sunitinib
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D007211:Indoles; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011758:Pyrroles; D017479:Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D000077210:Sunitinib