[Does cigarette smoking influence the survival of patients with prostate cancer?].
In the last few years, prostate cancer has become one of the most common causes of mortality worldwide. It is therefore important to detect possible risk factors for this malignant disease. Besides risk factors which increase incidence, attention should be paid to factors which have a possible influence on the course of the disease. In our analysis, we demonstrate a worse course for the disease in patients with prostate cancer who smoked cigarettes at the time of first diagnosis. In spite of comparable staging, grading and PSA values at the time of primary diagnosis, individuals who smoked had a threefold higher risk of dying from prostate cancer. This effect is probably caused by metabolic changes which are activated by cigarette smoking and promote tumor growth and the development of metastases.
Jäger
T
T
Klinik für Urologie, Uroonkologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, 45122, Essen. tobias.jaeger@uni-due.de
Eisenhardt
A
A
Rübben
H
H
Lümmen
G
G
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015897:Comorbidity; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality*; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000401:mortality*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate