title: Endogenous phospholipid metabolite containing topical product inhibits ultraviolet light-induced inflammation and DNA damage in human skin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) and organic osmolytes are endogenous components of the human epidermis and are generated from phospholipids in the stratum granulosum. PEA has been shown to exert potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The endogenous organic osmolytes such as betaine and sarcosine control skin humidity, but have also been shown to inhibit ultraviolet (UV) light-induced oxidative stress in keratinocytes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of a PEA- and organic osmolyte-containing topical product (Physiogel AI) on the development of UV light-induced erythema, thymine dimer formation and p53 tumor suppressor gene activation, as well as intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and Ki67 expression in normal human skin.
  
  
  METHODS
  The UV-induced erythema was measured by a spectrofluorometric method. Thymine dimers, p53, ICAM-1 and Ki67 were detected in skin biopsies using immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Physiogel AI cream significantly inhibited the development of UV light-induced erythema and thymine dimer formation in normal human skin, but did not alter the number of Ki67+ proliferating keratinocytes and the expression of p53 and ICAM-1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that PEA and organic osmolytes might represent a new generation of compounds which suppress UV-induced photodamage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary. kl@mail.derma.szote.u-szeged.hu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kemeny
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koreck
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kenderessy-Szabo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bodai
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cimpean
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Paunescu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raica
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghyczy
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000328:Adult; D000577:Amides; D001622:Betaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004249:DNA Damage; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004338:Drug Combinations; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D004890:Erythema / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004983:Ethanolamines; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D010169:Palmitic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011740:Pyrimidine Dimers / Q000378:metabolism; D011855:Radiodermatitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012521:Sarcosine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D004338:Drug Combinations; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D004983:Ethanolamines; D005782:Gels; D010169:Palmitic Acids; D011740:Pyrimidine Dimers; D013473:Sunscreening Agents; D001622:Betaine; C005958:palmidrol; D004247:DNA; D012521:Sarcosine