title: An extended stem-loop 1 is necessary for human immunodeficiency virus type 2 replication and affects genomic RNA encapsidation.
abstract: Genomic RNA encapsidation in lentiviruses is a highly selective and regulated process. The unspliced RNA molecules are selected for encapsidation from a pool of many different viral and cellular RNA species. Moreover, two molecules are encapsidated per viral particle, where they are found associated as a dimer. In this study, we demonstrate that a 10-nucleotide palindromic sequence (pal) located at the 3' end of the psi encapsidation signal is critical for human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) replication and affects genomic RNA encapsidation. We used short-term and long-term culture of pal-mutated viruses in permissive C8166 cells and their phenotypic reversion to show the existence of a structurally extended SL1 during HIV-2 replication, formed by the interaction of the 3' end of the pal within psi with a motif located downstream of SL1. The stem extending HIV-2 SL1 is structurally similar to stem B described for HIV-1 SL1. Despite the high degree of phylogenetic conservation, these results show that mutant viruses are viable when the autocomplementary nature of the pal sequence is disrupted, but not without a stable stem B. Our observations show that formation of the extended SL1 is necessary during viral replication and positively affects HIV-2 genomic RNA encapsidation. Sequestration of part of the packaging signal into SL1 may be a means of regulating its presentation during the replication cycle.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lanchy
authors.forename: J Stephen
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lodmell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002213:Capsid / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D016679:Genome, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D019065:Virus Assembly; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral