title: Dysphagia in patients with frontotemporal lobar dementia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyperorality, compulsive eating and aspiration because of food gorging, has been described in patients with frontotemporal lobar dementia (FTLD), but swallowing function in this population has not been reported.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify the swallowing status in a sample of patients with FTLD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Referral center, ambulatory care.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive series of referred patients with 3 variants of FTLD were asked to participate. Twenty-one patients were enrolled, including 9 with frontotemporal dementia, 7 with progressive nonfluent aphasia, and 5 with semantic dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients underwent a fiberoptic endoscopic examination of swallowing to assess their ability to swallow liquids and food.
  
  
  METHODS
  Presence of dysphagia and nature of impaired swallowing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 21 patients, 4 caretakers reported swallowing difficulties. An instrumental examination revealed moderate swallowing abnormalities in 12 of the 21 patients. These abnormalities were not explained by compulsive eating behaviors, but seemed to reflect deficits in cortical and subcortical pathways connecting with the brainstem swallowing center.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When assessed via instrumentation, swallowing abnormalities are found in many patients with FTLD. The appearance of dysphagia signals progression of FTLD to brainstem systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 94115, USA. slangmore@ohns.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Langmore
authors.forename: Richard K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Olney
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lomen-Hoerth
authors.forename: Bruce L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D003704:Dementia / Q000150:complications*; D019723:Endoscopes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric