title: Acute effects of periodontal therapy on bio-markers of vascular health.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to study the impact of periodontal therapy on several bio-markers related to vascular health.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-five consecutive subjects (age range 30-64 years) having severe periodontitis received an intensive session of periodontal therapy under local anaesthesia and provided blood samples before and 1 and 7 and 30 days following therapy. High-sensitivity assays were utilized to quantify serum concentrations of inflammatory markers [interleukin (IL)-1beta, tumour necrosis factor-alpha], plasma haemostatic (D-dimer) and endothelial soluble markers [soluble E-selectin (s-Es) and von Willebrand factor antigen (r-WF:Ag)].
  
  
  RESULTS
  Periodontal therapy elicited a significant activation of the haemostatic system (38% and 68% mean increases of plasma D-dimer 1 and 7 days after therapy, respectively, p<0.001), together with moderate endothelial dysfunction (10% and 30% mean increases at 24 h in plasma soluble E-selectin, p<0.05 and von-Willebrand factor, p<0.01, respectively). D-Dimer and s-Es acute changes were significantly correlated with periodontal treatment time (p<0.05). Cigarette smoking status and body mass index strongly influenced the acute release of IL-1beta (p<0.05), D-dimer (p<0.01) and s-Es (p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Periodontal therapy represents a novel and reliable non-drug-induced model to investigate in vivo the interplay between inflammation, coagulation and endothelial cell activation.
authors.affiliation: Periodontology unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: D'Aiuto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parkar
authors.forename: Maurizio S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Tonetti
mesh_terms: D000210:Acute-Phase Reaction / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D012534:Dental Scaling; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood*; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019040:E-Selectin; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C036309:fibrin fragment D; D014841:von Willebrand Factor