title: Sexual dimorphism in the subadult mandible: quantification using geometric morphometrics.
abstract: There have been numerous attempts, with varying degrees of success, to differentiate males from females on the basis of the immature skeleton. We investigate here whether the mandible can discriminate immature individuals by sex; the techniques we apply are from the field of geometric morphometrics. The application of these methods in forensic anthropology is still relatively new; thus, an important aspect of this research is that it demonstrates potential applications in this discipline. The sample comprises 96 known age and sex subadult individuals; the three-dimensional coordinates of 38 landmarks are analyzed using the shape analysis software morphologika. Multivariate regressions indicated no significant sexual dimorphism in the subadult sample; this result is supported by poor cross-validated classification accuracy (59%). Our results suggest that the subadult mandible is not dimorphic (to the extent that dimorphism is not evident within the sample we studied); thus, sex determination using previously described criteria is likely to yield poor results.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Forensic Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Western Australia. dfranklin@anhb.uwa.edu.au
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Franklin
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Oxnard
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: O'Higgins
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dadour
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D044383:Black People; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D018732:Forensic Anthropology / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012984:Software; D044465:White People