title: [Risk factors for cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and their prognostic implications in type 2 diabetes mellitus].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Risk factors for diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in patients with type 2 diabetes were analyzed to establish a regression model for evaluating the diagnosis of CAN.
  
  
  METHODS
  325 patients with type 2 diabetes were divided into four groups according to the results of four standard function tests. Every patient was required to offer detailed disease history and accept physical examination, serum and urine tests and examinations including ECG, nerve conduction velocity, retinoscope and Doppler of carotid and lower limb arteries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  64.0% of the patients had abnormal autonomic function and 30.2% definite CAN. There was significant difference among groups about age, average glycosylated forms of hemoglobin (HbA1c), systolic blood pressure, corrected 24 h albumin excretion and heart rate at rest (P < 0.001). The incidence of diabetic complications and accompanying diseases increased with deterioration of CAN (P < 0.05). The regression model showed that age, average HbA1c, hypertension, peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy, tachycardia at rest and duration of peripheral neuropathy were significant related factors for CAN. With these factors, a mathematic formula was established which could be used for evaluating the diagnosis of CAN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Except for age and hypertension, risk factors were all induced by hyperglycemia. It is suggested that control of hyperglycemia is of primary importance in preventing diabetic complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China.
authors.forename: Dan-yun
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: Zheng-yi
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jing-cheng
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Rui-fang
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Xiao-ying
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wei-qing
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ning
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006321:Heart / Q000294:innervation; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose