Platelets as immune cells: bridging inflammation and cardiovascular disease.
Beyond an eminent role in hemostasis and thrombosis, platelets are characterized by expert functions in assisting and modulating inflammatory reactions and immune responses. This is achieved by the regulated expression of adhesive and immune receptors on the platelet surface and by the release of a multitude of secretory products including inflammatory mediators and cytokines, which can mediate the interaction with leukocytes and enhance their recruitment. In addition, platelets are characterized by an enormous surface area and open canalicular system, which in concert with specialized recognition receptors may contribute to the engulfment of serum components, antigens, and pathogens. Platelet-dependent increases in leukocyte adhesion may not only account for an exacerbation of atherosclerosis, for arterial repair processes, but also for lymphocyte trafficking during adaptive immunity and host defense. This review compiles a selection of platelet-derived tools for bridging inflammation and vascular disease and highlights the molecular key components governing platelet-mediated mechanisms operative in immune surveillance, vascular remodeling, and atherosclerosis.
von Hundelshausen
Philipp
P
Institute of Cardiovascular Molecular Research, University Hospital of the Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Aachen, Germany.
Weber
Christian
C
D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000378:metabolism; D007154:Immune System Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology*
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines