title: Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) differentially interacts with chromatin to regulate genes essential for embryogenesis.
abstract: Complete deficiency in activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) results in neural tube closure defects and death at days 8.5-9.5 of gestation in the mouse (E8.5-9.5). To elucidate ADNP associated pathways, Affymetrix 22,690-oligonucleotide-based microarrays were used on ADNP knockout and control mouse embryos (E9) separated completely from extra embryonic tissue. Marked differences in expression profiles between ADNP-deficient embryos and ADNP-expressing embryos were discovered. Specifically, a group of dramatically up-regulated gene transcripts in the ADNP-deficient embryos were clustered into a family encoding for proteins enriched in the visceral endoderm such as apolipoproteins, cathepsins and methallotionins. In contrast, a down regulated gene cluster associated with ADNP-deficiency in the developing embryo consisted of organogenesis markers including neurogenesis (Ngfr, neurogenin1, neurod1) and heart development (Myl2). The pluripotent P19 cells were used for ADNP-chromatin-immunoprecipitation, showing direct interactions with multiple relevant gene promoters including members of the up-regulated as well as the down-regulated gene clusters. A comparison between non-differentiated and neuro-differentiated P19 cells revealed increased chromatin interaction of ADNP with chromatin from differentiated cells. These results place ADNP at a crucial point of gene regulation, repressing potential endoderm genes and enhancing genes associated with organogenesis/neurogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
authors.forename: Shmuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mandel
authors.forename: Gideon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rechavi
authors.forename: Illana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gozes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism; D000090266:Chromobox Protein Homolog 5; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008954:Models, Biological; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: C117632:Adnp protein, mouse; D002843:Chromatin; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D017931:DNA Primers; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D000090266:Chromobox Protein Homolog 5