title: Defeating drug resistance in cancer.
abstract: Multiple resistance to cytotoxic cancer drugs dramatically reduces the effectiveness of these drugs on many occasions. ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporters pump out cytotoxic cancer drugs from cells, preventing them from reaching therapeutic levels. However, co-administration ABC transporter inhibitors with cytotoxic cancer drugs did not effectively improve the treatment outcome. The mechanisms and remedies are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Gottesman
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Gergely
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Szakács
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents