title: Targeting TACE-dependent EGFR ligand shedding in breast cancer.
abstract: The ability to proliferate independently of signals from other cell types is a fundamental characteristic of tumor cells. Using a 3D culture model of human breast cancer progression, we have delineated a protease-dependent autocrine loop that provides an oncogenic stimulus in the absence of proto-oncogene mutation. Targeting this protease, TNF-alpha-converting enzyme (TACE; also referred to as a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 [ADAM17]), with small molecular inhibitors or siRNAs reverted the malignant phenotype in a breast cancer cell line by preventing mobilization of 2 crucial growth factors, TGF-alpha and amphiregulin. We show that TACE-dependent ligand shedding was prevalent in a series of additional breast cancer cell lines and, in all cases examined, was amenable to inhibition. Using existing patient outcome data, we demonstrated a strong correlation between TACE and TGFA expression in human breast cancers that was predictive of poor prognosis. Tumors resulting from inappropriate activation of the EGFR were common in multiple tissues and were, for the most part, refractory to current targeted therapies. The data presented here delineate the molecular mechanism by which constitutive EGFR activity may be achieved in tumor progression without mutation of the EGFR itself or downstream pathway components and suggest that this important oncogenic pathway might usefully be targeted upstream of the receptor.
authors.affiliation: Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. pakenny@lbl.gov
authors.forename: Paraic A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kenny
authors.forename: Mina J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bissell
mesh_terms: D051722:ADAM Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072198:ADAM17 Protein; D066258:Amphiregulin; D001483:Base Sequence; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D066255:EGF Family of Proteins; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008024:Ligands; D011379:Prognosis; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C587848:AREG protein, human; D066258:Amphiregulin; D066255:EGF Family of Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008024:Ligands; C000715470:MAS1 protein, human; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D051722:ADAM Proteins; D000072198:ADAM17 Protein; C000606462:ADAM17 protein, human