title: Prevalence of Streptococcus pyogenes as an oropharynx colonizer in children attending daycare: a comparative study of different regions in Brazil.
abstract: Thirty percent of acute pharyngotonsillitis is caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, which increased the risk of glomerulonephritis and rheumatic fever. Children attending daycare centers have a higher incidence of these infections.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  to identify and compare the prevalence of Streptococcus pyogenes in the oropharynx of children who are enrolled and who are not enrolled in daycare centers in different regions of Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study of two hundred children from Sao Paulo/SP and Porto Velho/RO. Children from each city were divided into two groups: those attending, and those not attending daycare centers. Swabs of the oropharynx were taken for bacteriological culture and identification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of Streptococcus pyogenes in the Sao Paulo groups were 8% and 2% for daycare and control groups, which was statistically significant (p=0.02). The prevalence in children from Porto Velho/RO was 24% and 16% for daycare and control groups, which was statistically significant (p=0.015). Statistical analysis also showed a significant difference between the corresponding groups in the two locations (p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that daycare attendance is a risk factor for oropharyngeal streptococcal colonization; this was seen in different populations, but was statistically significance in only one of the two samples.
authors.affiliation: EPM, UNIFESP, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Department, Brazil. fvieira65@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Fernando Mirage Jardim
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: Cláudia Regina
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.forename: Maria Claudia
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Lily Yin
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Weckx
authors.forename: Odimara
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Gleice
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Magalhães
authors.forename: Patrícia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Orlandi
authors.forename: Luc Louis Maurice
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Weckx
authors.forename: Shirley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pignatari
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D002353:Carrier State / Q000382:microbiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002656:Child Day Care Centers; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009960:Oropharynx / Q000382:microbiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000302:isolation & purification*