title: Effects of 17beta-estradiol and flutamide on splenic macrophages and splenocytes after trauma-hemorrhage.
abstract: Since splenic immune functions are depressed in metestrus females following trauma-hemorrhage, we hypothesized that administration of the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide at the onset of resuscitation will maintain the immune function of the spleen following trauma-hemorrhage. Female C57BL6/J mice (metestrus state, 8-12 weeks old), underwent laparotomy and hemorrhagic shock (35.0+/-5.0 mm Hg for 90 min) and received 17beta-estradiol (50 microg/25 g), flutamide (625 microg/25 g) or 17beta-estradiol+flutamide. Four hours after resuscitation, the in vitro productive capacity of different cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-gamma) by splenic MPhi and splenocytes were determined by flow cytometry. A significantly decreased cytokine production by both splenocytes and splenic MPhi was observed following trauma-hemorrhage compared to shams. Administration of 17beta-estradiol, flutamide and 17beta-estradiol+flutamide following trauma-hemorrhage resulted in a significant increase in the in vitro IL-6 release by splenic MPhi. The TNF-alpha productive capacity, however, was only restored by 17beta-estradiol and 17beta-estradiol+flutamide administration following trauma-hemorrhage. No significant effect of either treatment was observed with regard to the suppressed splenic MPhi IL-10 release. Anti-CD3 stimulation, administration of 17beta-estradiol and 17beta-estradiol+flutamide, but not the administration of flutamide alone resulted in a significant increased release of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IFN-gamma compared to vehicle-treated animals. No significant effect of either treatment was found on IL-10 productive capacity. These results collectively suggest that flutamide administration following trauma-hemorrhage in females has beneficial effects on splenic immune function. However, flutamide administration in combination with estrogen does not provide any significant, additional effects over 17beta-estradiol administration alone.
authors.affiliation: Center for Surgical Research and Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, G094 Volker Hall, 1670 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, USA.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hildebrand
authors.forename: Bjoern M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Thobe
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Hubbard
authors.forename: Mashkoor A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Choudhry
authors.forename: Hans-Christoph
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Pape
authors.forename: Irshad H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Chaudry
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005485:Flutamide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008686:Metestrus / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000378:metabolism*; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017252:CD3 Complex; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D003208:Concanavalin A; D016753:Interleukin-10; D004958:Estradiol; D005485:Flutamide; D007371:Interferon-gamma