Quantification of lumbar stability by using 2 different abdominal activation strategies.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether the abdominal hollowing technique is more effective for lumbar spine stabilization than a full abdominal muscle cocontraction.


METHODS
Within-subject, repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to examine the effect of combining each of 4 loading conditions with either the hollow or brace condition on the dependent variables of stability and compression. A simulation was also conducted to assess the outcome of a person activating just the transversus abdominis during the hollow.


METHODS
Laboratory.


METHODS
Eight healthy men (age range, 20-33y).


METHODS
Electromyography and spine kinematics were recorded during an abdominal brace and a hollow while supporting either a bilateral or asymmetric weight in the hands.


METHODS
Spine stability index and lumbar compression were calculated.


RESULTS
In the simulation "ideal case," the brace technique improved stability by 32%, with a 15% increase in lumbar compression. The transversus abdominis contributed .14% of stability to the brace pattern with a less than 0.1% decrease in compression.


CONCLUSIONS
Whatever the benefit underlying low-load transversus abdominis activation training, it is unlikely to be mechanical. There seems to be no mechanical rationale for using an abdominal hollow, or the transversus abdominis, to enhance stability. Bracing creates patterns that better enhance stability.
Grenier
Sylvain G
SG
Spine Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada. sgrenier@laurentian.ca
McGill
Stuart M
SM
D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001915:Braces / Q000592:standards*; D019245:Compressive Strength; D004548:Elasticity; D004576:Electromyography; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D014102:Torsion Abnormality; D016474:Weight-Bearing