title: Follicular lymphoma of the pancreas: a case report and proposed new strategies for diagnosis and surgery of benign or low-grade malignant lesions of the head of the pancreas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Primary pancreatic lymphoma is a rare form of extranodal lymphoma originating in the pancreas. The present report describes a case of follicular lymphoma of the pancreas with unique CT and MRI findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 58-year-old male complained of sudden abdominal pain, and routine ultrasonography detected an 8 cm hypoechoic tumor in the head of the pancreas. The 3D image generated using multi-cholangiography and virtual duodenography provided the information necessary for a laparotomy. The tumor was enucleated for diagnosis. Follicular lymphoma is quite rare in the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract. A considerable number of pancreatic lymphoma subtypes have been reported. The expression "pancreatic lymphoma" has been used to describe both primary lymphoid neoplasms originating in the pancreatic parenchyma and tumors invading from a peri-pancreatic lymphadenopathy. The present case belongs to the latter, which might explain the unique imaging findings and histological type. These subtypes display different imaging findings and different clinical characteristics. In the future, primary pancreatic lymphoma should be discussed separately depending on the subtype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We propose a new subtype of primary pancreatic lymphoma. Multi-cholangiography and virtual duodenography provided the information necessary for a laparotomy in the present case. Enucleation is indicated for benign and low-grade malignant tumors of the pancreas, even if the tumor is located in the head of the pancreas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan. sata@jichi.ac.jp
authors.forename: Naohiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sata
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurogochi
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Kunihiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimura
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koizumi
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagai
mesh_terms: D002758:Cholangiography / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008224:Lymphoma, Follicular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010179:Pancreas / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods