title: In vitro antioxidant activity of Juglans regia L. bark extract and its protective effect on cyclophosphamide-induced urotoxicity in mice.
abstract: Walnut (Juglans regia L.) bark has been claimed to possess anti-inflammatory, blood purifying, anticancer, depurative, diuretic and laxative activities. It contains several therapeutically active constituents, especially polyphenols. We studied the antioxidant potential of aqueous extract of walnut bark and its modulatory effect on cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced urotoxicity in Swiss albino male mice. Free radical-scavenging activity of extract was assessed in four in vitro assays. The phenolic and flavonolic contents of the extract were also measured. Walnut bark extract treatment (150 mg/kg p.o. x 10 days) resulted in protective restoration of decreased antioxidants in CP-treated (18 mg/kg i.p. x 10 days) animals. CP treatment caused decreases in the activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GP), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) and in the glutathione (GSH) content in urinary bladder and a significant concomitant increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO). Administration of extract restored all the antioxidants significantly and lowered the elevated LPO in the bladder. A correlation between radical scavenging capacities of the extract with phenolic content was observed thus justifying its antioxidant potential against oxidative stress-mediated urotoxicity in mice. Walnut is reported to possess antiproliferative activity. Its protective effect on CP-induced toxicity in bladder is a promising activity, which warrants possible clinical investigations on this medicinal plant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Kanchan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bhatia
authors.forename: Shakilur
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Mehboob
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Sheikh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raisuddin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D031324:Juglans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D019800:Phenol / Q000737:chemistry; D024301:Plant Bark; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005609:Free Radicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; D019800:Phenol; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase