title: Development of the Adelaide driving self-efficacy scale.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the development of the Adelaide Driving Self-Efficacy Scale (ADSES) and to report on its reliability and validity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A set of 12 driving behaviours, developed through literature review, clinical experience and expert review, were rated for self-efficacy using a Likert scale. Internal consistency was investigated using a Cronbach's alpha coefficient and construct validity by comparing ADSES scores of stroke and non-stroke drivers. Criterion-related validity was examined by comparing ADSES scores with the result on a standardized on-road assessment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A rehabilitation hospital in Adelaide, South Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Staff from the hospital and stroke patients from the rehabilitation unit. Data from a non-stroke sample (n -/ 79) and stroke patients (n -/ 81) were used to test internal consistency and construct validity. A separate group of 45 people recommended for a driving assessment, of whom 34 were stroke patients, were used to test criterion validity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.98, indicating high internal consistency. The non-stroke and stroke groups showed significant differences in ADSES scores (t(158)-/ 5.5, P B < 0.05), demonstrating construct validity. Differences in ADSES scores for those participants who passed or failed the on-road assessment were significant for both the entire driving assessment group (t(43)-/ 3.2, P B < 0.05) and the stroke subgroup (t(43)-/ 3.2, P B < 0.05), indicating criterion validity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ADSES has demonstrated internal consistency and construct validity with the stroke and non-stroke population. The scale demonstrated criterion validity in its relationship with outcome of an on-road driving assessment. It appears to be a reliable and valid measure of driving self-efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Flinders University Department of Rehabilitation and Aged Care, Repatriation General Hospital, Daw Park, South Australia.
authors.forename: Stacey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crotty
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001076:Aptitude; D001334:Automobile Driving; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012737:Sex Factors; D013021:South Australia; D020521:Stroke / Q000523:psychology*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires