title: Pharmacological characterization and CNS effects of a novel highly selective alpha2C-adrenoceptor antagonist JP-1302.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pharmacological validation of novel functions for the alpha2A-, alpha2B-, and alpha2C-adrenoceptor (AR) subtypes has been hampered by the limited specificity and subtype-selectivity of available ligands. The current study describes a novel highly selective alpha2C-adrenoceptor antagonist, JP-1302 (acridin-9-yl-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-phenyl]amine).
  
  
  METHODS
  Standard in vitro binding and antagonism assays were employed to demonstrate the alpha2C-AR specificity of JP-1302. In addition, JP-1302 was tested in the forced swimming test (FST) and the prepulse-inhibition of startle reflex (PPI) model because mice with genetically altered alpha2C-adrenoceptors have previously been shown to exhibit different reactivity in these tests when compared to wild-type controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  JP-1302 displayed antagonism potencies (KB values) of 1,500, 2,200 and 16 nM at the human alpha2A-, alpha2B-, and alpha2C-adrenoceptor subtypes, respectively. JP-1302 produced antidepressant and antipsychotic-like effects, i.e. it effectively reduced immobility in the FST and reversed the phencyclidine-induced PPI deficit. Unlike the alpha2-subtype non-selective antagonist atipamezole, JP-1302 was not able to antagonize alpha2-agonist-induced sedation (measured as inhibition of spontaneous locomotor activity), hypothermia, alpha2-agonist-induced mydriasis or inhibition of vas deferens contractions, effects that have been generally attributed to the alpha2A-adrenoceptor subtype. In contrast to JP-1302, atipamezole did not antagonize the PCP-induced prepulse-inhibition deficit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results provide further support for the hypothesis that specific antagonism of the alpha2C-adrenoceptor may have therapeutic potential as a novel mechanism for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
authors.affiliation: Orion Corporation ORION PHARMA, Research and Development, Turku, Finland. jukka.sallinen@orionpharma.com
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sallinen
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Höglund
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Engström
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lehtimäki
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Virtanen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sirviö
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wurster
authors.forename: J-M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Savola
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haapalinna
mesh_terms: D000166:Acridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001667:Binding, Competitive / Q000187:drug effects; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects*; D020927:Dexmedetomidine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D006801:Humans; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000139:chemically induced; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011869:Radioligand Assay; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018341:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2 / Q000187:drug effects*; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000187:drug effects; D013550:Swimming / Q000523:psychology; D014649:Vas Deferens / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C547774:ADRA2C protein, human; D000166:Acridines; C547775:Adra2c protein, mouse; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; C518829:JP-1302; D010879:Piperazines; D018341:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; D020927:Dexmedetomidine