title: Baseline characteristics and recruitment strategies in a randomized clinical trial of African-American light smokers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study describes the design, recruitment, and baseline data of the first smoking-cessation clinical trial for African-American light smokers, Kick It at Swope II (KIS-II).
  
  
  METHODS
  KIS-II was a randomized trial testing the efficacy of nicotine gum (vs. placebo gum) in combination with counseling (motivational interviewing or health education).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted at an urban community-based clinic serving predominantly lower-income African-Americans.
  
  
  METHODS
  African-Americans who smoked 1 to 10 cigarettes per day were eligible. Of 1933 individuals screened, 1012 (52%) were eligible and 755 (75%) were enrolled in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline assessment included smoking history and psychometric measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  The majority of participants were women (67%) with a mean age of 45.1 years (SD = 10.7). Participants smoked on average 7.6 cigarettes (SD = 3.21) per day, had a mean exhaled carbon monoxide level of 13.9 ppm (SD = 8.9) and a mean serum cotinine level of 244.2 ng/mL (SD = 154.4), and reported high levels of motivation and confidence to quit smoking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  African-American light smokers were motivated to stop smoking and to enroll in a smoking-cessation program. Characteristics of our sample suggest African-American light smokers are an appropriate group for inclusion in smoking-cessation interventions.
authors.affiliation: Program in Health Disparities Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis 55455, USA. kokuyemi@umn.edu
authors.forename: Kolawole S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Okuyemi
authors.forename: Lisa Sanderson
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Nicole L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Nollen
authors.forename: Tricia M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Snow
authors.forename: Harsohena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.forename: Won
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Niaman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nazir
authors.forename: Matthew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Mayo
authors.forename: Jasjit S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ahluwalia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D002638:Chewing Gum; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D007615:Kansas; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D010919:Placebos; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder
chemical_list: D002638:Chewing Gum; D010919:Placebos