title: A multi-center blinded prospective study of urine neural thread protein measurements in patients with suspected Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the utility of a clinical laboratory ELISA format assay that measures neural thread protein (NTP) in urine in the assessment of patients presenting with cognitive symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective blinded multicentered study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight US specialty clinics for the evaluation of cognitive or memory disorder or dementia, including memory disorder and dementia clinics, neurology clinics, and psychiatry clinics, in 8 states.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospectively enrolled consecutive patients who were newly referred to a specialty clinic for assessment of cognitive or memory disorder symptoms or dementia to rule out or rule in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants provided a first morning urine sample for UNTP measurement for testing at a central core laboratory and subsequently went through specialized diagnostic evaluations in accordance with established clinical criteria. Urine NTP measurement was compared to the diagnostic categorization of the patients as probable or possible AD (according to National Institute of Neurological Communicative Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer Disease and Related Disorders Association [NINCDS-ADRDA] criteria), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (according to Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology [AAN] criteria) or definite non-AD. Clinical diagnoses were made without reference to UNTP measurement; the testing laboratory was blinded to both patient identity and clinical diagnoses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 168 enrolled and consented patients provided qualifying urine samples and completed specialized diagnostic workups. There were 91.4% of subjects with probable AD, 37.7% of subjects categorized as possible AD, and 48.6% of subjects with MCI who had an elevated NTP measurement (>22 microg/mL). There were 90.7% of subjects diagnosed as definite non-AD who had a normal NTP measurement (< or =22 microg/mL).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Noninvasive UNTP test results are potentially helpful as part of the workup of dementia for the nonspecialist to help in the decision as to whether referral and/or more detailed investigation is advisable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Orlando Regional Healthcare System, 818 Main Lane, Orlando, FL 32801, USA. ijgmd@aol.com
authors.forename: Ira
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Golden
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Flitman
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McConville
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Earl
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.forename: Zinaida
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lebedeva
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Minagar
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Averback
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000652:urine*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000652:urine*; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: C497612:AD7c-NTP protein, human; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins