title: Submucosal plexus of dilatated gut disappears after ligation in chicken embryos: preliminary results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dilatation and impaired function of the gut is a condition often seen in newborns with bowel obstruction caused by intestinal atresia. In a previous experimental study in chicken embryos, we established a model to study ultrastructural changes during the development of the enteric nervous system after small bowel ligation. The aim of this study is to investigate the changes of the enteric nervous system (ENS) after gut ligation.
  
  
  METHODS
  56 chicken embryos were investigated. In the operation group fertilized eggs and the allantoic membrane were opened and the small bowel was ligated on embryonal day (ED) 11. The controls were sham-operated. The gut was prepared and harvested for analysis on ED 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18. Silver staining or staining of the specimens for acetylcholinesterase (AchE) was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A marked dilatation of the bowel was observed three days after operation (ED 14). The submucosal (PSM) and myenteric plexus (PM) appeared normal at this time, however silver staining showed rarification of the neuronal axonal network between the myenteric and submucosal plexus. Later, on ED 16 an additional rarification of the submucosal plexus was also seen in the operation group using AchE staining, compared to the controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggest that distension of the gut hinders normal development of the ENS in the gut ligation model of chicken embryos. The changes were observed sequentially, starting with rarification of the axonal network between the PM and PSM. Future studies will be required to show whether the changes of the ENS are reversible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. fiegel@uke.uni-hamburg.de
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Fiegel
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Schönberg
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grasshoff
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kluth
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002642:Chick Embryo; D004106:Dilatation; D007409:Intestinal Atresia; D007422:Intestines / Q000196:embryology* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000294:innervation*; D008026:Ligation; D023421:Models, Animal; D009197:Myenteric Plexus / Q000196:embryology* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000503:physiopathology; D013368:Submucous Plexus / Q000196:embryology* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000503:physiopathology*