title: Lateral and mediastinal lymph node dissection in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: indications, benefits, and risks.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are 3 compartments of regional lymph nodes to which thyroid carcinoma metastasizes: central, lateral, and mediastinal compartments. The central compartment is the nearest to the thyroid and usually dissected routinely. However, the indication for dissection of the lateral and mediastinal compartments for differentiated thyroid carcinoma remains an open question.
  
  
  METHODS
  The indication for dissection of lateral and mediastinal compartments is evaluated based on previous reports, including those from our department.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There is nothing controversial about the indication for therapeutic lateral node dissection for tumors with clinically apparent lateral node metastasis. Such cases are more likely to show recurrence, especially in previously dissected compartments, and surgeons must perform dissection carefully. Although there are no randomized studies on the indication for prophylactic lateral node dissection, it is recommended for papillary carcinoma with aggressive characteristics such as large size and massive extrathyroid extension. Prophylactic mediastinal dissection via median sternotomy is not recommended.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Node dissection of the lateral and mediastinal compartments must be performed aggressively and radically to prevent recurrence in previously dissected regions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kuma Hospital, 8-2-35, Shimoyamate-dori, Chuo-ku, 650-0011 Kobe, Japan. ito01@kuma-h.or.jp
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miyauchi
mesh_terms: D018263:Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000009:adverse effects; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D037981:Neck Dissection / Q000379:methods; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D013965:Thyroidectomy / Q000379:methods