title: Molecular cloning, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of inflammatory cytokines of swamp type buffalo contrasting with other bubaline breeds.
abstract: The current research concerned in the cloning, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of inflammatory cytokine (IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha) genes from swamp buffalo and two bubaline breeds, CB (cross between swamp and riverine type buffalo) and the Bulgarian Murrah buffalo. Multiple sequence comparison showed a high homology between the bubaline breeds, which ranged from 99.3% to 100.0% similarity, whereas from 98.6% to 99.0% compared to cattle. The phylogenetic analysis had confirmed and justified the degree of relationship between these bubaline species and their distinctness to each other by the bootstrap value (%) generated. These findings were discussed with particular attention to the diversity of the inflammatory cytokine proteins within closely related species. The result of this study concluded that a small difference in the cytokine structures might be the reason behind or has a contributory factor on the previous reports about the existence of disease resistance. However, in-depth study is necessary to further qualify these findings.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan. cnmingala@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Claro N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Mingala
authors.forename: Raadan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Odbileg
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Konnai
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.forename: Misao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Onuma
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002020:Buffaloes / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D016207:Cytokines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D016415:Sequence Alignment / Q000662:veterinary; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017385:Sequence Homology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines