title: Progressive changes of columella length and nasal growth after nasoalveolar molding in bilateral cleft patients: a 3-year follow-up study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to assess the progressive changes of columella length and nasal growth after presurgical nasoalveolar molding and primary cheiloplasty in bilateral complete cleft lip-cleft palate infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two consecutive complete bilateral cleft lip-cleft palate infants were included. All of them underwent nasoalveolar molding for columella lengthening and retraction of the premaxilla for 3 to 4.5 months before primary cheiloplasty. Standard 1:1 basilar photographs were taken before and after nasoalveolar molding, 1 week after cheiloplasty, and yearly for 3 years. Nasal height and width were measured directly on the photographs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results revealed that columella length was significantly lengthened after nasoalveolar molding and was further improved after primary cheiloplasty. The columella decreased in length slightly in the first and second years postoperatively and started to increase in length slightly in the third year postoperatively, whereas the rest of the nose grew significantly in height year by year. This consequently appeared as relapse of columella length. The shortage of the columella length was 1.9 mm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both presurgical nasoalveolar molding and primary cheiloplasty lengthened the columella in bilateral cleft lip-cleft palate patients. However, there was a relative relapse in columella length because of the differential growth between the columella and the rest of the nose in the first and second years postoperatively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Dentistry and Craniofacial Center, Department of Plastic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 199 Tung-Hwa North Road, Taipei 105, Taiwan. lioueric@ms19.hinet.net
authors.forename: Eric Jein-Wein
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Liou
authors.forename: Murukesan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Subramanian
authors.forename: Philip K T
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000601:surgery*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery*; D005145:Face; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D009666:Nose / Q000254:growth & development*