title: Trastuzumab: mechanism of action, resistance and future perspectives in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer.
abstract: Trastuzumab is a humanized mAb directed against the extracellular domain of the tyrosine kinase receptor HER2. Trastuzumab has shown clinical activity in HER2-overexpressing breast cancers and, at present, is currently approved for patients whose tumours have this abnormality, in both the metastatic and the adjuvant setting. Several issues about its optimal use, however, are still unresolved. One of the reasons for these uncertainties lies in the absence of conclusive data about its mechanism of action and possible primary or acquired resistance mechanisms. Therefore, clinical questions such as how to optimize patient selection, how to prevent resistance to trastuzumab, or what is the optimal management of those patients whose tumours progress during treatment still await convincing answers. This review summarises the current knowledge on the preclinical and clinical evidence about the mechanism of action of trastuzumab and on the mechanisms underlying the development of resistance and also briefly discusses their possible clinical implications.
authors.affiliation: University Division of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, Strada Provinciale 142, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy. giorgio.valabrega@ircc.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Valabrega
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Montemurro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aglietta
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D000077156:Gefitinib; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D018734:Genes, erbB-2; D006801:Humans; D000077341:Lapatinib; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000517:prevention & control; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D000068878:Trastuzumab
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000077156:Gefitinib; D000077341:Lapatinib; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D011799:Quinazolines; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D000068878:Trastuzumab; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human