title: Anxiety and pain symptoms in children with inflammatory bowel disease and functional gastrointestinal disorders undergoing colonoscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare pain and anxiety scores between children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and those with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) undergoing colonoscopy and to examine the role of anxiety and procedure length in predicting reports of pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children ages 10 to 18 years undergoing colonoscopy (general anesthesia) for the first time completed pain and anxiety questionnaires immediately before the procedure and a pain questionnaire 48 hours after colonoscopy. The diagnosis was determined by chart review and physician interview.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children with FGID had a longer duration of pain than those with IBD. Children with FGID endorsed a greater total number of the pain descriptors. The FGID group reported higher usual pain severity and greater postprocedural pain. No differences in anxiety were reported. However, higher levels of anxiety were associated with higher pain scores at the time of colonoscopy in children with IBD. It required significantly more time to perform colonoscopy in the IBD group than in the FGID group. Longer procedure duration was positively correlated with pain in children with FGID but not in children with IBD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with FGID report more usual pain symptoms and may describe more pain after a colonoscopy when compared with children with IBD. Anxiety appears to play a role in pain severity after colonoscopy in children presenting with IBD, but not in children with FGID.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Columbus Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA. crandallw@pediatrics.ohio-state.edu
authors.forename: Wallace V
authors.initials: WV
authors.lastname: Crandall
authors.forename: Timothy E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Halterman
authors.forename: Laura M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Mackner
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D003113:Colonoscopy; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D013997:Time Factors