title: Asymmetrical skull, ptosis, hypertelorism, high nasal bridge, clefting, umbilical anomalies, and skeletal anomalies in sibs: is Carnevale syndrome a separate entity?
abstract: A group of syndromes, consisting of Malpuech syndrome, Michels syndrome, Carnevale syndrome, OSA syndrome, and Mingarelli syndrome share the combination of symptoms of highly arched eyebrows, ptosis, and hypertelorism, and vary in other symptoms such as asymmetry of the skull, eyelid, and anterior chamber anomalies, clefting of lip and palate, umbilical anomalies, and growth and cognitive development. It has been suggested that they are in fact part of the same entity. Here, we describe a brother and sister with the same constellation of symptoms, and compare these with the various entities. We conclude that the present patients resemble most patients with Carnevale and Mingarelli syndrome, and the case reported by Guion-Almeida, and that these patients form together most probably the same entity. We suggest the name Carnevale syndrome as this author described this combination of symptoms for the first time. Malpuech and Michels syndromes are probably separate entities, although they may still be allelic. Pattern of inheritance of Carnevale syndrome is most likely autosomal recessive.
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 4th Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al Kaissi
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Klaushofer
authors.forename: Hatem
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Safi
authors.forename: Farid Ben
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Chehida
authors.forename: Maher Ben
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Ghachem
authors.forename: Myriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chaabounni
authors.forename: Raoul C M
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Hennekam
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000473:pathology*; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000473:pathology*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000473:pathology; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D003398:Craniosynostoses / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005143:Eyelids / Q000002:abnormalities; D005145:Face / Q000002:abnormalities; D005260:Female; D005808:Genes, Recessive; D006801:Humans; D006972:Hypertelorism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D009666:Nose / Q000002:abnormalities*; D011859:Radiography; D012886:Skull / Q000002:abnormalities; D013577:Syndrome; D014103:Torticollis / Q000473:pathology; D014564:Urogenital Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology