title: Speech outcome and velopharyngeal function in cleft palate: comparison of Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy and distraction osteogenesis--early results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare speech outcome and velopharyngeal (VP) status of subjects with repaired cleft palate who underwent either conventional Le Fort I osteotomy or maxillary distraction osteogenesis to correct maxillary hypoplasia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective randomized study with blind assessment of speech outcome and VP status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two subjects were randomized into conventional Le Fort I osteotomy and Le Fort I distraction groups. All were native Chinese (Cantonese) speakers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Perceptual judgment of resonance and nasal emission, study of VP structures by nasoendoscopy, and instrumental measurement by nasometry. Assessments were performed preoperatively and at 3 months postoperatively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Assessment of VP closure, perceptual rating of hypernasality and nasal emission, nasalance, and amount of maxillary advancement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no statistical difference in any of the outcome measures between the 10 subjects with conventional Le Fort I osteotomy and the 12 subjects with maxillary distraction: hypernasality (chi-square = 3.850, p = 0.221), nasal emission (chi-square = 0.687, p = 0.774), VP gap size (chi-square = 1.527, p = 0.635, and nasalance (t = -0.145, p = 0.886). There was no correlation between amount of maxillary advancement and any of the outcome measures (p = .05 for all). Changes in VP gap size and resonance are described.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results need to be interpreted with caution because of the small sample size and early follow-up. However, this study utilized an assessment protocol involving a variety of outcome measures and careful consideration of reliability factors, which can be a model for further and follow-up studies.
authors.affiliation: University of Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Nattharee
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chanchareonsook
authors.forename: Tara L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Whitehill
authors.forename: Nabil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Samman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002508:Cephalometry; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction; D019340:Osteotomy, Le Fort / Q000145:classification*; D010160:Palate, Soft / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010614:Pharynx / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014833:Voice Quality