title: The use of alpha-blockers for the treatment of nephrolithiasis.
abstract: Medical expulsion therapy has been shown to be a useful adjunct to observation in the management of ureteral stones. Alpha-1-adrenergic receptor antagonists have been studied in this role. Alpha-1 receptors are located in the human ureter, especially the distal ureter. Alpha-blockers have been demonstrated to increase expulsion rates of distal ureteral stones, decrease time to expulsion, and decrease need for analgesia during stone passage. Alpha-blockers promote stone passage in patients receiving shock wave lithotripsy, and may be able to relieve ureteral stent-related symptoms. In the appropriate clinical scenario, the use of alpha-blockers is recommended in the conservative management of distal ureteral stones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine New York, NY.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lipkin
authors.forename: Ojas
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Shah