title: Eradication of Helicobacter pylori with triple therapy: an epidemiologic analysis of trends in Turkey over 10 years.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is increasing concern about the efficacy of current regimens for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study examined rates of H. pylori eradication with a commonly used triple-therapy regimen consisting of a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), clarithromycin, and amoxicillin in trials performed in Turkey from 1996 to 2005. It also investigated the relationship between eradication rates and the duration of treatment (7, 10, or 14 days), choice of PPI, and indication for treatment (dyspepsia or peptic ulcer).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective epidemiologic analysis. Articles concerning H. pylori eradication in Turkey that were published in peer-reviewed national and international journals were identified through searches of MEDLINE using the terms Helicobacter, eradication, and Turkey, and of the Turkish Medical Index using the terms Helicobacter and eradication. Abstracts from the Turkish Gastroenterology Congress from 1996 through 2005 were searched manually. Open-label trials, controlled trials, treatment arms, and case series that included a triple-therapy regimen consisting of standard doses of any PPI (omeprazole 20 mg BID, lansoprazole 30 mg BID, pantoprazole 40 mg BID, or esomeprazole 40 mg BID) with clarithromycin 500 mg BID and amoxicillin 1 g BID for 7 to 14 days were selected for analysis. Trials including patients who had undergone a previous attempt at eradication of H. pylori were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 138 trials or treatment arms identified, 94 met the criteria for inclusion (3637 subjects). The pooled eradication rate was 68.8% (95% CI, 67.3-70.3). A marked decrease in eradication was noted after 2000. Pooled eradication rates each year from 1996 through 2005 were 79.4%, 83.7%, 81.8%, 81.8%, 75.1%, 61.3%, 65.6%, 65.1%, 55.3%, and 61.1%, respectively. Eradication rates were not affected by the duration of treatment, choice of PPI, or indication for treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rates of H. pylori eradication with the triple-therapy regimen decreased in Turkey over the 10-year period studied. In an era of increasing clarithromycin use, the effectiveness of this regimen for H. pylori eradication appears to require reassessment.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey. kadayifci@gantep.edu.tr
authors.forename: Abdurrahman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kadayifci
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Buyukhatipoglu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cemil Savas
authors.forename: Ilkay
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Simsek
mesh_terms: D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D000658:Amoxicillin; D017291:Clarithromycin