title: Cooperative therapeutic effects of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene/ganciclovir system and chemotherapeutic agents on prostate cancer in vitro.
abstract: The killing effects of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene/ganciclovir (HSV-tk/GCV) approach by the addition of several commonly clinical chemotherapeutic agents on hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) cells PC-3m were investigated. After transferring of the HSV-tk gene into PC-3m cells, mRNA and protein expression of HSV-tk was detected by reverse-transcript polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and strept avidin-biotin complex (SABC) immunohistochemical method. The killing effect of GCV, cisplatin (CDDP), etoposide (VP-16), vincristine (VCR), methotrexate (MTX), 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu), and suramin on PC-3m cells was evaluated by morphological assessment analysis, trypan blue exclusion assay and MTT assay respectively. Additionally, the cooperative effect of HSV-tk/GCV system combined with the above agents on the target cancer cells was determined by MTT. Furthermore, apoptosis and necrosis induced by GCV plus 5-Fu or suramin was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). The results showed that that there was HSV-tk mRNA and protein expression in pDR2-tk plasmid transduced PC-3m cell. Combination of GCV with VP-16, VCR, 5-Fu or suramin led to an enhanced cellular killing effect, but with CDDP resulted in a reduced one and with MTX in an approximate one. FCM revealed that synergistic use of GCV and 5-fu or suramin resulted in a rather large proportion of apoptosis and necrosis with the apoptosis index being 36.38% and 35.51%, and the proportion of necrosis being 33.05% and 28.87%, respectively. In conclusion, HSV-tk/CGV approach by addition of certain clinical available chemotherapeutic drugs brings on statistically significant enhanced cell killing over single-agent treatment. Our results highlight the potential for such new combination therapies for future treatments of HRPC.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
authors.forename: Yifei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Yajun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Gongcheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Fuqing
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015774:Ganciclovir / Q000494:pharmacology*; D041722:Genes, Transgenic, Suicide / Q000235:genetics; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D013937:Thymidine Kinase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013937:Thymidine Kinase; D015774:Ganciclovir