title: Functional outcome at 2.5, 5, 9, and 24 months after injury in the Netherlands.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The collection of empirical data on the frequency, severity, and duration of functioning is a prerequisite to identify patient groups with long term or permanent disability.
  
  
  METHODS
  We fielded postal questionnaires in a stratified sample of 8,564 injury patients aged 15 years and older, who had visited an emergency department in the Netherlands. Measurements were at 2.5, 5, 9, and 24 months after the injury and included a generic health status classification (EQ-5D), socio-demographic, and medical information. We analyzed determinants of long-term functional outcome by multivariate regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five months after the injury health status of nonhospitalized injury patients was comparable to the general population's health (EQ-5D summary measure 0.87). Health status of patients admitted for 3 days or less improved until 9 months (0.82). For those admitted more than 3 days health status improved until 24 months (0.48 toward 0.67), but remained below population norms. Hospitalization, age and sex (females), type of injury (spinal cord injury, hip fracture, and lower extremity injury), and comorbidity were significant predictors of poor functioning in the long term.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recovery patterns vary widely between nonhospitalized, shortly, and long hospitalized injury patients. Nonhospitalized injury patients recover within 5 months from an injury whereas a considerable group of hospitalized injury patients suffer from persistent health problems. Our study indicates the importance of health monitoring with an adapted longitudinal design for injury patients. The time intervals used should match the various stages of the recovery process, which depends on the severity of the injury studied.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, ErasmusMC/University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. s.polinder@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Polinder
authors.forename: Ed F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: van Beeck
authors.forename: Marie Louise
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Essink-Bot
authors.forename: Hidde
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toet
authors.forename: Caspar W N
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Looman
authors.forename: Saakje
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.forename: Willem Jan
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Meerding
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009426:Netherlands; D011788:Quality of Life; D020127:Recovery of Function; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*