title: Family-based and case-control studies reveal no association of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2 synthase with schizophrenia.
abstract: Several observations point to the involvement of disturbed lipid biology in schizophrenia. Reduced response to niacin flushing test, which involves vasodilatation induced by prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), is among the evidences, together with decreased CSF levels of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS), the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of PGD2 in the brain. Since PTGDS is also a carrier for lipophilic molecules such as retinoids and thyroid hormones, altered PTGDS levels might influence both PGD2-mediated signaling, and vitamin A and thyroid hormone availability. To test whether genetic variants of PTGDS are involved in the etiology of schizophrenia, we searched for variants in the coding and regulatory regions of the gene. We identified four previously described polymorphisms. Using two case-control samples from Portugal and Brazil, none of the polymorphisms tested was associated with the disease. In addition, no transmission distortion was observed in an independent parents-offspring sample from the Azorean Islands. Our data do not support the involvement of the PTGDS gene in the etiology of schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Dina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ruano
authors.forename: António
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Macedo
authors.forename: Maria João
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Valente
authors.forename: Maria Helena
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pato
authors.forename: Mara Helena
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hutz
authors.forename: Clarissa S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Gama
authors.forename: Maria Inês
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Lobato
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Belmonte-de-Abreu
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Heutink
authors.forename: Joana Almeida
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Palha
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001938:Brazil; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics*; D054834:Lipocalins; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011174:Portugal; D015230:Prostaglandin D2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D054834:Lipocalins; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C022466:prostaglandin R2 D-isomerase; D015230:Prostaglandin D2