title: Ramipril dose-dependently increases nitric oxide availability in the radial artery of essential hypertension patients.
abstract: METHODS
  A double-blind, crossover, randomized study was designed to evaluate the effect of 3-month treatment with a lower versus a higher antihypertensive dosage of ramipril (5 or 10 mg/day) on nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasodilation in 46 untreated patients with essential hypertension. Radial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), before and after the intra-arterial infusion of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), to block NO synthase, and the response to sublingual glyceril trinitrate (GTN, 25 microg) were measured at baseline and after the two treatment periods as a change in artery diameter (computerized system from ultrasound scans). Plasma angiotensin II and oxidative stress markers were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FMD was significantly (P < 0.01) lower in hypertensive patients (4.6 +/- 1.8%) than in normotensive subjects (7.1 +/- 2.6%), whereas the response to GTN was similar. L-NMMA significantly (P < 0.001) inhibited FMD in normotensive but not in hypertensive subjects. Mean 24-h ambulatory blood pressure, plasma angiotensin II and oxidative stress marker levels were similarly reduced at the end of the two treatment periods. Both dosages of ramipril significantly (P < 0.001) increased FMD (5 mg: 5.9 +/- 2.1%; 10 mg: 6.3 +/- 2.4%) without modifying the response to GTN. However, compared with baseline (11 +/- 19%), the inhibiting effect of L-NMMA on FMD (NO-dependent FMD) was significantly (P < 0.01) greater with ramipril 10 mg (49 +/- 12%) than 5 mg per day (38 +/- 15%). The improvement in FMD and NO-dependent FMD was not related to changes in plasma levels of angiotensin II or markers of oxidative stress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with ramipril at a higher dosage induced a greater improvement in NO-dependent vasodilation compared with the lower antihypertensive dosage in hypertensive patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. l.ghiadoni@med.unipi.it
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ghiadoni
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Versari
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Magagna
authors.forename: Isabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kardasz
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Plantinga
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giannarelli
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taddei
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salvetti
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D017534:Radial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects*; D017257:Ramipril / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D017257:Ramipril