title: Low and deficient niacin status and pellagra are endemic in postwar Angola.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Outbreaks of pellagra were documented during the civil war in Angola, but no contemporary data on the incidence of pellagra or the prevalence of niacin deficiency were available.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to investigate the incidence of pellagra and the prevalence of niacin deficiency in postwar Angola and their relation with dietary intake, poverty, and anthropometric status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Admissions data from 1999 to 2004 from the pellagra treatment clinic in Kuito, Angola, were analyzed. New patients admitted over 1 wk were examined, and urine and blood samples were collected. A multistage cluster population survey collected data on anthropometric measures, household dietary intakes, socioeconomic status, and clinical signs of pellagra for women and children. Urinary excretion of 1-methylnicotinamide, 1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxymide, and creatinine was measured and hemoglobin concentrations were measured with a portable photometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of clinical pellagra has not decreased since the end of the civil war in 2002. Low excretion of niacin metabolites was confirmed in 10 of 11 new clinic patients. Survey data were collected for 723 women aged 15-49 y and for 690 children aged 6-59 mo. Excretion of niacin metabolites was low in 29.4% of the women and 6.0% of the children, and the creatinine-adjusted concentrations were significantly lower in the women than in the children (P < 0.001, t test). In children, niacin status was positively correlated with the household consumption of peanuts (r = 0.374, P = 0.001) and eggs (r = 0.290, P = 0.012) but negatively correlated with socioeconomic status (r = -0.228, P = 0.037).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The expected decrease in pellagra incidence after the end of the civil war has not occurred. The identification of niacin deficiency as a public health problem should refocus attention on this nutritional deficiency in Angola and other areas of Africa where maize is the staple.
authors.affiliation: Centre for International Child Health, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom. a.seal@ich.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Seal
authors.forename: Paul I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Creeke
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dibari
authors.forename: Edith
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: Eustace
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kyroussis
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Semedo
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: van den Briel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000810:Angola / Q000453:epidemiology; D000886:Anthropometry; D010367:Arachis / Q000737:chemistry; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004032:Diet; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004531:Eggs; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009525:Niacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency / Q000652:urine; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010383:Pellagra / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000652:urine; D011203:Poverty; D015995:Prevalence; D012923:Social Class; D014803:Vitamin B Complex / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D014803:Vitamin B Complex; D009525:Niacin