title: Health researchers in Alberta: an exploratory comparison of defining characteristics and knowledge translation activities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Canadian funding agencies are no longer content to support research that solely advances scientific knowledge, and key directives are now in place to promote research transfer to policy- and decision-makers. Therefore, it is necessary to improve our understanding of how researchers are trained and supported to facilitate knowledge translation activities. In this study, we investigated differences in health researcher characteristics and knowledge translation activities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our sample consisted of 240 health researchers from three Alberta universities. Respondents were classified by research domain [basic (n = 72) or applied (n = 168)] and faculty [medical school (n = 128) or other health science (n = 112)]. We examined our findings using Mode I and Mode II archetypes of knowledge production, which allowed us to consider the scholarly and social contexts of knowledge production and translation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Differences among health researcher professional characteristics were not statistically significant. There was a significant gender difference in the applied researcher faculty group, which was predominantly female (p < .05). Research domain was linked to translation activities. Applied researchers reported engaging in significantly more Mode II activities than basic researchers (p < .001), and scored higher than basic researchers regarding the perceived importance of translation activities (Mode I, p = .01; Mode II, p < .001). Main effects of faculty were limited to engaged dissemination (medical school < other faculties; p = .025) and number of publications (medical school > other faculties; p = .004). There was an interaction effect for research domain and faculty group for number of publications (p = .01), in that applied researchers in medical faculties published more than their peers in other faculty groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings illustrate important differences between health researchers and provide beginning insights into their professional characteristics and engagement in Mode I and Mode II activities. A future study designed to examine these dimensions in greater detail, including potential covariates across more varied institutions, would yield richer insights and enable an examination of relative influences, needs and costs of each mode of activity.
authors.affiliation: Knowledge Utilization Studies Program, Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. mandi.newton@ualberta.ca
authors.forename: Mandi S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: Carole A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Estabrooks
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Norton
authors.forename: Judy M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Birdsell
authors.forename: Adeniyi J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Adewale
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thornley