title: Permeases recycle amino acids resulting from autophagy.
abstract: Autophagy is a major survival mechanism for eukaryotes to recycle cellular nutrients during stress conditions (such as nutrient limitation, or the accumulation of damaged organelles). We recently revealed a molecular mechanism by which Atg22 recycles amino acids to link the degradative and recycling functions of autophagy. Atg22 is not directly required for autophagic body breakdown, in contrast to previously reported data. Instead, we found that Atg22, Avt3 and Avt4 are partially redundant vacuolar effluxers, which mediate the efflux of leucine and other amino acids resulting from autophagy.
authors.affiliation: Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2216, USA.
authors.forename: Zhifen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Klionsky
mesh_terms: D026905:Amino Acid Transport Systems / Q000378:metabolism*; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy; D000071183:Autophagy-Related Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C418505:ATG22 protein, S cerevisiae; D026905:Amino Acid Transport Systems; D000596:Amino Acids; D000071183:Autophagy-Related Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins