title: Novel method used to test pullout parameters of different nephrostomy catheters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present a novel in-vitro pig model for testing the design and function of different internal catheter constructs, along with the resulting exit wound resulting from removal.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the pullout parameters of two nephrostomy catheters that differ only in their internal loop design.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Greater force, work, and displacement are necessary to extricate catheters with a double loop without increasing exit-wound size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the differences were not statistically significant, results from this model have potential clinical implications that may prompt further design modifications and prototype development to improve the retention of catheters in the kidney, thus reducing patient discomfort and costs associated with repeated catheter placement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Northeastern Ohio University College of Medicine, Munroe Falls, Ohio 44262, USA. tareen@medicine.nodak.edu
authors.forename: Basir U
authors.initials: BU
authors.lastname: Tareen
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kovacik
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Evancho-Chapman
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Noe
authors.forename: Malay
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mody
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine