title: Osmotic shock tolerance and membrane fluidity of cold-adapted Cryptococcus flavescens OH 182.9, previously reported as C. nodaensis, a biocontrol agent of Fusarium head blight.
abstract: Cryptococcus flavescens (previously reported as C. nodaensis), a biological control agent of Fusarium head blight, has been previously shown to have improved desiccation tolerance after cold adaptation. The goal of the current study was to determine the effect of cold adaptation on the physicochemical properties of C. flavescens that may be responsible for its improved desiccation tolerance. The results show that cold adaptation improves liquid hyperosmotic shock tolerance and alters the temperature dependence of osmotic shock tolerance. Fluorescence anisotropy was used to characterize differences in the membrane fluidity of C. flavescens with and without cold adaptation. Force curves from atomic force microscopy showed a significant increase in the cell wall spring constant after cold adaptation. Cold adaptation of C. flavescens during culturing was shown to produce smaller cells and produced a trend towards higher CFU yields. These results suggest that cold adaptation significantly alters the membrane properties of C. flavescens and may be an effective method of improving the desiccation tolerance of microorganisms. In addition, we provide information on the correct naming of the isolate as C. flavescens.
authors.affiliation: Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, IL 61604, USA. dunlapc@ncaur.usda.gov
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Dunlap
authors.forename: Kervin O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Theelen
authors.forename: Teun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Boekhout
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Schisler
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003454:Cryptococcus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005454:Fluorescence Polarization; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D009626:Terminology as Topic
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; C065096:RNA, ribosomal, 26S