title: In vivo selective binding of (R)-[11C]rolipram to phosphodiesterase-4 provides the basis for studying intracellular cAMP signaling in the myocardium and other peripheral tissues.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) enzymes specifically break down the second messenger cAMP, thereby terminating the intracellular signaling cascade that plays an essential role in neurohormonal modulation of many physiological systems. PDE4 activity and expression are regulated by cAMP levels, suggesting that measurement of PDE4 provides an index of intracellular cAMP signaling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered (R)- or the less active enantiomer (S)-[11C]rolipram and sacrificed 30 min later with tracer retention measured in various tissues. Co-injections with saturating doses of unlabeled (R)-rolipram, (S)-rolipram and Ro 20-1724, as well as subtype-selective PDE inhibitors vinpocetine, Bay 60-7550, cilostazol and zaprinast were used to establish binding selectivity for PDE4 over PDE1, PDE2, PDE3 and PDE5 subtypes, respectively. Autoradiography was performed to substantiate results of biodistribution studies in the myocardium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vivo (R)-[11C]rolipram retention was dose-dependently reduced by co-injections of (R)-rolipram and (S)-rolipram (ED50 values of 0.03 mg/kg and 0.2 mg/kg, respectively). Vinpocetine, Bay 60-7550, cilostazol and zaprinast had no effect on (R)-[11C]rolipram binding, while (R)-rolipram and Ro 20-1724 reduced the tracer uptake to nonspecific levels in PDE4-rich tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to the brain, (R)-[11C]rolipram binds selectively to PDE4 across all cardiac regions, skeletal muscle, lungs and pancreas, but not in the adipose tissues. In vivo findings were confirmed by in vitro autoradiography studies, suggesting that (R)-[11C]rolipram can be applied to evaluate alterations in central and peripheral PDE4 levels and cAMP-mediated signaling.
authors.affiliation: Cardiac PET Centre, Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4W7.
authors.forename: Miran
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kenk
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thackeray
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: deKemp
authors.forename: Mireille
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lortie
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thorn
authors.forename: Rob S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Beanlands
authors.forename: Jean N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: DaSilva
mesh_terms: D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D054677:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 1; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011485:Protein Binding; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020889:Rolipram / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; D054677:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 1; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4; D020889:Rolipram