title: Cytokine regulation of immunopathology in toxoplasmosis.
abstract: Toxoplasma gondii infection is an important cause of central nervous system and ocular disease, both in immunocompromised and in certain immunocompetent populations. Although parasite-mediated host cell lysis is probably the principal cause of tissue destruction in immunodeficiency states, hypersensitivity and inflammatory responses may underlie severe disease in otherwise immuno-sufficient individuals. In this review, we have critically evaluated the body of experimental evidence indicating a role of CD4 T cells in systemic and local immunopathology associated with T. gondii infection. We also discuss the pathogenic roles of cytokines produced by T helper (Th) 1 and Th17 cells and the protective and homeostatic roles of interleukin (IL)-10, transforming growth factor-beta and IL-27 in modulating hypersensitivity responses induced by T. gondii.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
authors.forename: Pamela J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Gaddi
authors.forename: George S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Yap
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007154:Immune System Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000502:physiology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000517:prevention & control; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000502:physiology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000502:physiology*; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000502:physiology*; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology; D008954:Models, Biological; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014123:Toxoplasmosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D020381:Interleukin-17; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016753:Interleukin-10; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma