title: All four CatSper ion channel proteins are required for male fertility and sperm cell hyperactivated motility.
abstract: Mammalian spermatozoa become motile at ejaculation, but before they can fertilize the egg, they must acquire more thrust to penetrate the cumulus and zona pellucida. The forceful asymmetric motion of hyperactivated spermatozoa requires Ca2+ entry into the sperm tail by an alkalinization-activated voltage-sensitive Ca2+-selective current (ICatSper). Hyperactivation requires CatSper1 and CatSper2 putative ion channel genes, but the function of two other related genes (CatSper3 and CatSper4) is not known. Here we show that targeted disruption of murine CatSper3 or CatSper4 also abrogated ICatSper, sperm cell hyperactivated motility and male fertility but did not affect spermatogenesis or initial motility. Direct protein interactions among CatSpers, the sperm specificity of these proteins, and loss of ICatSper in each of the four CatSper-/- mice indicate that CatSpers are highly specialized flagellar proteins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Enders 1309, Children's Hospital Boston, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Huayu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Magdalene M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.forename: Betsy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: Jayhong A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: Grigory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Krapivinsky
authors.forename: Luba
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Krapivinsky
authors.forename: Yuriy
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kirichok
authors.forename: I Scott
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Ramsey
authors.forename: Timothy A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Quill
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Clapham
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000502:physiology*; D005298:Fertility / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000502:physiology*; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; C488642:Catsper1 protein, mouse; D020033:Protein Isoforms