title: Hypertonic saline solution increases the expression of heat shock protein 70 and improves lung inflammation early after reperfusion in a rodent model of controlled hemorrhage.
abstract: Hypertonic saline solution (HS solution, NaCl 7.5%) has shown to restore hemodynamic parameters in hemorrhagic shock and to decrease the inflammation triggered by ischemia-reperfusion injury (I-R). Therefore, our objective was to investigate the effects of HS solution on the mechanisms involved in I-R, in an experimental model of controlled hemorrhagic shock. Wistar rats (280-350 g) were submitted to controlled bleeding, keeping the mean arterial pressure around 40 mmHg, for 1 h. After that, rats were randomized and treated with HS solution (4 mL/kg) or normal saline (34 mL/kg). There were no differences in hemodynamic parameters between both groups for at least 2 h after shock. No difference either was observed in reactive oxygen species generation (measured indirectly by malondialdehyde concentration) or cytokines (interleukins 6 and 10) production (measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Quantitative analysis of lung tissue showed a smaller neutrophil infiltration in animals that received HS solution. Moreover, the animals in the HS group showed an increased expression of heat shock protein 70. Therefore, we concluded that treatment of hemorrhagic shock with HS solution can decrease pulmonary inflammation and increase cellular protection by up-regulating heat shock protein 70 expression.
authors.affiliation: Emergency Medicine Department, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thadeu Rangel
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pontieri
authors.forename: Ana Iochabel
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Moretti
authors.forename: Daniella Oxer
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: Fatima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abatepaulo
authors.forename: Francisco Garcia
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Soriano
authors.forename: Elnara Marcia
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Negri
authors.forename: Irineu Tadeu
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Velasco
authors.forename: Heraldo Possolo
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Souza
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015424:Reperfusion; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic