title: Cardiovascular features of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction versus nonfailing hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy in the urban Baltimore community: the role of atrial remodeling/dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to identify cardiovascular features of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) that differ from those in individuals with hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy (HLVH) of similar age, gender, and racial background but without failure.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction often develops in HLVH patients and involves multiple abnormalities. Clarification of changes most specific to HFpEF may help elucidate underlying pathophysiology.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study comparing HFpEF patients (n = 37), HLVH subjects without HF (n = 40), and normotensive control subjects without LVH (n = 56). All subjects had an EF of >50%, sinus rhythm, and insignificant valvular or active ischemic disease, and groups were matched for age, gender, and ethnicity. Comprehensive echo-Doppler and pressure analysis was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HFpEF patients were predominantly African-American women with hypertension, LVH, and obesity. They had vascular and systolic-ventricular stiffening and abnormal diastolic function compared with the control subjects. However, most of these parameters either individually or combined were similarly abnormal in the HLVH group and poorly distinguished between these groups. The HFpEF group had quantitatively greater concentric LVH and estimated mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure (20 mm Hg vs. 16 mm Hg) and shorter isovolumic relaxation time than the HLVH group. They also had left atrial dilation/dysfunction unlike in HLVH and greater total epicardial volume. The product of LV mass index and maximal left atrial (LA) volume best identified HFpEF patients (84% sensitivity, 82% specificity).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In an urban, principally African American, cohort, HFpEF patients share many abnormalities of systolic, diastolic, and vascular function with nonfailing HLVH subjects but display accentuated LVH and LA dilation/failure. These latter factors may help clarify pathophysiology and define an important HFpEF population for clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Vojtech
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Melenovsky
authors.forename: Barry A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Borlaug
authors.forename: Boaz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: Ilan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hay
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferruci
authors.forename: Christopher H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Morell
authors.forename: Edward G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Lakatta
authors.forename: Samer S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Najjar
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Kass
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016279:Atrial Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*; D015142:Baltimore / Q000453:epidemiology; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D014505:Urban Population