title: Morphine and its metabolites: analytical methodologies for its determination.
abstract: The present article reviews the methods of determination published for morphine and its metabolites covering the period from 1980 until at the first part of 2006. The overview includes the most relevant analytical determinations classified in the following two types: (1) non-chromatographic methods and (2) chromatographic methods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Campus Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: M Espinosa
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bosch
authors.forename: A Ruiz
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: F Sánchez
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Rojas
authors.forename: C Bosch
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Ojeda
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D020374:Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary; D006801:Humans; D009020:Morphine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009020:Morphine