title: Maternal zinc and cord blood zinc, insulin-like growth factor-1, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 levels in small-for-gestational-age newborns.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationship between maternal serum zinc (Zn) levels and birth weight of the offspring and their correlation with cord blood Zn, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  22 term small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and 34 term appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) infants and their mothers were included. Maternal and cord blood Zn levels and cord blood IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen percent of mothers had Zn deficiency (< 75 mcg/dl). No significant difference between IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels and birth weight of infants of the mothers with and without Zn deficiency was found. Maternal and neonatal Zn levels correlated (r = 0.38, p < 0.01). Mean IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels were significantly lower in the SGA group compared to the AGA group (42.3 +/- 16.8 ng/ml, 1.2 +/- 0.2 mcg/ml, and 62.4 +/- 22.7 ng/ml, 1.5 +/- 0.4 mcg/ml, p < 0.001). A correlation was found between birth weight, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels, and weight gain of the mother during pregnancy (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Zn deficiency was not observed to be a risk factor for low birth weight. The significant difference between the SGA and AGA babies' IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels emphasizes function of the IGF system in intrauterine growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Akman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arioglu
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Koroglu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakalli
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozek
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Topuzoglu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eren
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bereket
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000097:blood*; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000097:blood*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood* / Q000172:deficiency
chemical_list: D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D015032:Zinc