title: Iron deficiency differently affects metabolic responses in soybean roots.
abstract: Iron deficiency responses were investigated in roots of soybean, a Strategy I plant species. Soybean responds to iron deficiency by decreasing growth, both at the root and shoot level. Chlorotic symptoms in younger leaves were evident after a few days of iron deficiency, with chlorophyll content being dramatically decreased. Moreover, several important differences were found as compared with other species belonging to the same Strategy I. The main differences are (i) a lower capacity to acidify the hydroponic culture medium, that was also reflected by a lower H(+)-ATPase activity as determined in a plasma membrane-enriched fraction isolated from the roots; (ii) a drastically reduced activity of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase enzyme; (iii) a decrease in both cytosolic and vacuolar pHs; (iv) an increase in the vacuolar phosphate concentration, and (v) an increased exudation of organic carbon, particularly citrate, phenolics, and amino acids. Apparently, in soybean roots, some of the responses to iron deficiency, such as the acidification of the rhizosphere and other related processes, do not occur or occur only at a lower degree. These results suggest that the biochemical mechanisms induced by this nutritional disorder are differently regulated in this plant. A possible role of inorganic phosphate in the balance of intracellular pHs is also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Produzione Vegetale, University of Milano, Via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milano, Italy. graziano.zocchi@unimi.it
authors.forename: Graziano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zocchi
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Nisi
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dell'Orto
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Espen
authors.forename: Pietro Marino
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Gallina
mesh_terms: D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D010758:Phosphorus; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D013025:Glycine max / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D010758:Phosphorus; D007501:Iron