title: Analysis of the mechanism and regulation of lactose transport and metabolism in Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824.
abstract: Although the acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation of Clostridium acetobutylicum is currently uneconomic, the ability of the bacterium to metabolize a wide range of carbohydrates offers the potential for revival based on the use of cheap, low-grade substrates. We have investigated the uptake and metabolism of lactose, the major sugar in industrial whey waste, by C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824. Lactose is taken up via a phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS) comprising both soluble and membrane-associated components, and the resulting phosphorylated derivative is hydrolyzed by a phospho-beta-galactosidase. These activities are induced during growth on lactose but are absent in glucose-grown cells. Analysis of the C. acetobutylicum genome sequence identified a gene system, lacRFEG, encoding a transcriptional regulator of the DeoR family, IIA and IICB components of a lactose PTS, and phospho-beta-galactosidase. During growth in medium containing both glucose and lactose, C. acetobutylicum exhibited a classical diauxic growth, and the lac operon was not expressed until glucose was exhausted from the medium. The presence upstream of lacR of a potential catabolite responsive element (cre) encompassing the transcriptional start site is indicative of the mechanism of carbon catabolite repression characteristic of low-GC gram-positive bacteria. A pathway for the uptake and metabolism of lactose by this industrially important organism is proposed.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tangney
authors.forename: Hans C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Aass
authors.forename: Wilfrid J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Mitchell
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001692:Biological Transport; D046969:Clostridium acetobutylicum / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007763:Lac Operon; D007785:Lactose / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010731:Phosphoenolpyruvate Sugar Phosphotransferase System / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D024363:Transcription Initiation Site; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D010731:Phosphoenolpyruvate Sugar Phosphotransferase System; C029022:phosphoenolpyruvate-lactose dependent phosphotransferase system; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases; C022361:6-phospho-beta-galactosidase; D005947:Glucose; D007785:Lactose