title: Burden of infection and fat mass in healthy middle-aged men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to study the effect of exposure to four infections on fat mass.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study of healthy middle-aged men from the general population (n = 74). Each study subject's serum was tested for specific IgG class antibodies against herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1, HSV-2, enteroviruses, and Chlamydia pneumoniae through the use of quantitative in vitro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). A total pathogen burden score based on these seropositivities [Quantitative Seropositivity Index (QSI)] was constructed. Fat mass was measured by bioelectrical impedance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed significant relationships between the HSV-1 titer and fat mass and percentage fat mass. The associations were stronger when considering the infection burden. The QSI was significantly associated with fat mass (r = 0.30, p = 0.009) and percentage fat mass (r = 0.27, p = 0.01). Those subjects in the highest tertile of fat mass showed significantly higher QSI (259.5 +/- 74.1 vs. 206.9 +/- 78.2, p = 0.007). In subjects that were seropositive for Enteroviruses, the relationship between the QSI and fat mass was strengthened (r = 0.51, p = 0.02). In a multivariate regression analysis, the QSI, independently of age and C-reactive protein, contributed to 9% of fat mass variance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pathogen burden showed an association with fat mass. Subjects with increased fat mass could be more susceptible to developing multiple infections resulting in a chronic low-grade inflammation. We can not exclude the possibility that exposure to multiple infections leads to increased fat mass.
authors.affiliation: Section of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona, Avinguda de França s/n, 17007 Girona, Spain. uden.jmfernandezreal@htrueta.scs.es
authors.forename: José-Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fernández-Real
authors.forename: Maria-José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ferri
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vendrell
authors.forename: Wifredo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ricart
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood*; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D023521:Chlamydophila Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000191:economics; D016993:Chlamydophila pneumoniae / Q000276:immunology; D017281:Cost of Illness; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004769:Enterovirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000191:economics; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000150:complications / Q000191:economics; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000276:immunology; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000914:Antibodies, Viral