title: Use of heparins in Non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We describe the use of antithrombotic therapy in the management of patients with acute coronary syndromes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events, a multinational coronary disease registry, were characterized according to the early and continued use of low-molecular-weight heparin, unfractionated heparin, any crossover of heparin therapy (change in early vs late heparin treatment), and no heparin treatment. Hospital outcomes were analyzed according to the heparin treatment and the timing of percutaneous coronary interventions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data from 23,172 patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction or unstable angina were analyzed. A total of 8791 patients were treated with low-molecular-weight heparin within the first 24 hours and continued thereafter; 4076 patients received unfractionated heparin; 2953 patients received neither heparin therapy; and 7352 patients received crossover heparin treatment. Concomitant treatment, including early or late percutaneous coronary intervention, varied according to the type of heparin therapy. Patients treated with a crossover therapy were more likely to undergo percutaneous coronary intervention. The rates of major bleeding and death were lower with low-molecular-weight heparin (1.4% and 1.8%, respectively) compared with unfractionated heparin (1.9% and 2.5%, respectively), crossover heparin (2.0% and 2.3%, respectively), or neither heparin (1.5% and 2.4%, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is significant variability in heparin use in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Heparin type and use seem to be related to the timing and use of percutaneous coronary interventions. The early use of low-molecular-weight heparin in the setting of an acute coronary syndrome is associated with better short-term outcomes.
authors.affiliation: University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Mass 01655, USA. gorej@ummhc.org
authors.forename: Joel M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gore
authors.forename: Frederick A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Kennelly
authors.forename: Keith A A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Jeanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Allegrone
authors.forename: Kim A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Eagle
authors.forename: Frederick A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Philippe G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Steg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D012042:Registries; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; D006493:Heparin