title: Utility of the auditory evoked potentials index as an indicator for endotracheal intubation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The A-line ARX Index (AAI) has been used as an indicator of depth of anesthesia. The study examined whether AAI-guided endotracheal intubation (EI), compared with experience guidance, could provide better hemodynamic stability during general anesthesia (GA).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and four patients were included in this study. In the control group, EI was performed based on the judgment of the anesthesiologist by clinical experience. In the study groups, EI was performed at an AAI value of either 15, 20, or 30. GA was induced with cisatracurium, lidocaine, fentanyl, thiamylal and succinylcholine. Heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded at baseline, 1 min before and 1 and 3 min after intubation. The change of hemodynamics over 20% in the space between 1 min before and after intubation was defined as severe change.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidences of severe changes of HR and MAP in the AAI-15 and AAI-20 groups were significantly lower than those in the control group (19% and 39% vs. 68%, P < 0.01 and 0.05; 52% and 52% vs. 91%, P < 0.01, respectively). The induction time was significantly shorter in the control group than that in the study groups (183 +/- 47 vs. 366 +/- 151, 248 +/- 53, and 255 +/- 85 sec, P < 0.01). Highest dose of thiamylal and longest induction time were needed in the AAI-15 group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with the routine clinical practice, AAI monitoring helps to achieve better condition for EI during induction with less hemodynamic changes. The AAI value of 20 is suggested as an optimal indicator for EI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chang-Po
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Kuo-Mei
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ching-Tang
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Huei-Chi
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Horng
authors.forename: Chen-Hwan
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Cherng
authors.forename: Cherng-Jyh
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Chih-Shung
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*