title: Osseointegrated implants with pendulum springs for maxillary molar distalization: a cephalometric study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Maxillary molar distalization is a common treatment approach for patients with Class II malocclusions who do not require extractions. Despite the many advantages of pendulum appliances, the maxillary incisors and premolars tend to shift mesially as the maxillary molars move distally. The purpose of this study was to investigate anchorage loss in patients treated with palatal osseointegrated implants combined with pendulum springs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalometric films of 30 consecutively treated patients were examined. One group (n = 15) had been treated with conventional pendulum appliances, and the other group (n = 15) was treated with palatal osseointegrated implants combined with pendulum springs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the pendulum group, significant distal tipping of the maxillary first molars and mesial tipping of the maxillary premolars were noted. Distalization of the maxillary first molars, mesialization of the maxillary first premolars, and proclination of the maxillary left central incisor were significant in the linear measurements. In the implant group, the distal tipping of the maxillary first molars and first premolars and the increases in SNGoGn, FMA, Na Me, and Na ANS were significant. Intergroup comparisons showed that changes in the maxillary first premolars, maxillary central incisors, and vertical measurements were significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of palatal osseointegrated implants is reliable and provides absolute anchorage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ege, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey. gokhanoncag@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Gökhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Onçağ
authors.forename: Ozlem
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Seçkin
authors.forename: Banu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dinçer
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arikan
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy; D008437:Maxilla; D008644:Mesial Movement of Teeth / Q000209:etiology; D008963:Molar; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D016348:Osseointegration; D021362:Palate, Hard / Q000601:surgery*; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants