title: Mycosis fungoides--a review of the management of 28 patients and of the recent literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mycosis fungoides is an uncommon cutaneous T-cell lymphoma characterized by malignant monoclonal proliferation of T-helper lymphocytes. Its course is variable with a potential for lymphatic and hematogenous involvement. We report the investigations, staging, treatment, follow-up, and outcome of 28 patients. This is the first such study reported from Ireland.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight patients with mycosis fungoides (14 women, 14 men; average age, 52.5 years) were reviewed over 12 years in the dermatology clinic which assesses an average of 4500 patients per year. All mycosis fungoides patients were referred from their family physicians. The diagnosis was made in all cases from a combination of clinical findings, histology, and immunohistochemistry. TNM staging revealed 11 patients at diagnosis stage IA (T1), 12 at stage IB (T2), four at stage IIB (T3), and one at stage III (T4).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The usual male preponderance was not found. Eight patients needed multiple biopsies to establish the diagnosis. Detailed investigations were not useful in the early stages. Patients were followed up over a 12-year period. Thirteen patients died as a result of cutaneous lymphoma. Two patients with stage IA disease progressed rapidly and died, a feature reported in only 10% of patients at this stage. Five patients showed unusual features, including a long history prior to presentation, the development of the rarely reported bullous mycosis fungoides, and aggressive disease beginning at a young age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mycosis fungoides is rare; we reviewed 28 patients over 12 years. The prognosis is poor at the later stages; 13 patients died. Two patients who died were unusual in that they rapidly progressed from stage IA disease; however, in the majority of patients with this stage, the prognosis is excellent. Detailed investigations were unhelpful in early stage disease. Close clinical follow-up is essential to identify disease progression.
authors.affiliation: Regional Centre of Dermatology and Department of Pathology, Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Patsy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lenane
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: O'Keane
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dervan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bourke
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Loughlin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009182:Mycosis Fungoides / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy