title: Polymorphism in intron 1 of the interferon-gamma gene influences both serum immunoglobulin E levels and the risk for chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Polynesians.
abstract: Intron 1 of the interferon-gamma (IFNG) gene contains two polymorphisms. The 12 CA-repeat allele of the +875 IFNGCA microsatellite and the T allele of the +A874T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) have been associated with increased in vitro IFNG production and a variety of clinical phenotypes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether these polymorphisms influence total serum IgE levels [tsIgE] and the outcome of a hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. IFNGCA and +A874T were typed in 186 asthmatics of Niuean ancestry and in Polynesian women with a chronic HBV infection (n = 60) and with natural immunity to the HBV (n = 66). The IFNGCA genotype was associated with [tsIgE] in asthmatic children (n = 51, p = 0.004) but not adults (n = 135, p = 0.87). The data were consistent with a co-dominant influence of the 12 CA-repeat allele on high [tsIgE]. The IFNGCA genotype was also associated with the risk for chronic HBV infection (chi (2) = 11.6, p = 0.003) because of a dominant effect of the 12 CA-repeat allele on developing natural immunity in homozygotes (OR = 5.8, p = 0.003) and heterozygotes (OR = 2.7, p = 0.01). Similar associations were found for the T allele of the +A874T SNP. The possibility that these associations were due to linked alleles in the adjacent 783 bp of the promoter and 3'-untranslated region of the IFNG gene was excluded by direct sequencing. In summary, high-IFNG-producing alleles in intron 1 of the IFNG locus are associated with high [tsIgE] in asthmatic children from Niue and with natural immunity to the HBV in Polynesian women. These findings are consistent with a previous report of an association between +875 IFNGCA and [tsIgE] and provide preliminary evidence of a new association with the outcome of an HBV infection.
authors.affiliation: New Zealand Liver Transplant Unit, Auckland City Hospital, Private Bag 92-024, Auckland, New Zealand. wghabbott@yahoo.com
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Abbott
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gane
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Winship
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Munn
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tukuitonga
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006239:Haplotypes; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics*; D007438:Introns; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011114:Polynesia
chemical_list: D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D007371:Interferon-gamma