title: Analysis of the surfaces of wood tissues and pulp fibers using carbohydrate-binding modules specific for crystalline cellulose and mannan.
abstract: Carbohydrate binding modules (CBMs) are noncatalytic substrate binding domains of many enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. Here we used fluorescent labeled recombinant CBMs specific for crystalline cellulose (CBM1(HjCel7A)) and mannans (CBM27(TmMan5) and CBM35(CjMan5C)) to analyze the complex surfaces of wood tissues and pulp fibers. The crystalline cellulose CBM1(HjCel7A) was found as a reliable marker of both bacterially produced and plant G-layer cellulose, and labeling of spruce pulp fibers with CBM1(HjCel7A) revealed a signal that increased with degree of fiber damage. The mannan-specific CBM27(TmMan5) and CBM35(CjMan5C) CBMs were found to be more specific reagents than a monoclonal antibody specific for (1-->4)-beta-mannan/galacto-(1-->4)-beta-mannan for mapping carbohydrates on native substrates. We have developed a quantitative fluorometric method for analysis of crystalline cellulose accumulation on fiber surfaces and shown a quantitative difference in crystalline cellulose binding sites in differently processed pulp fibers. Our results indicated that CBMs provide useful, novel tools for monitoring changes in carbohydrate content of nonuniform substrate surfaces, for example, during wood or pulping processes and possibly fiber biosynthesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Wood Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. lada.filonova@trv.slu.se
authors.forename: Lada
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Filonova
authors.forename: Asa M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kallas
authors.forename: Lionel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Greffe
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: Tuula T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Teeri
authors.forename: Geoffrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Daniel
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000737:chemistry; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002384:Catalysis; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D003460:Crystallization; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000494:pharmacology; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008351:Mannans / Q000737:chemistry*; D011485:Protein Binding; D013499:Surface Properties; D014934:Wood / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002241:Carbohydrates; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008351:Mannans; D002482:Cellulose