title: Usefulness of mechanical transvenous dilation and location of areas of adherence in patients undergoing coronary sinus lead extraction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Few data have been currently reported on the outcome of coronary sinus (CS) lead removal, particularly using mechanical dilation (MD). We aimed to evaluate feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of CS lead extraction, focusing on MD usefulness, in the event that lead traction (LT) was ineffective.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied 37 consecutive patients (30 males, mean age 68.1, range 52-80), who underwent left ventricle (LV) pacing lead removal; the indication for extraction was local infection in 16 patients (43.3%), sepsis in 11 patients (29.7%), and lead malfunction in 10 patients (27%). The procedure was first attempted by LT, followed, if unsuccessful, by MD using polypropylene sheaths. All CS leads (time from implant 19.5 +/- 16.5, range 2-84 months) were successfully removed; LT was effective (LT group) in 27 patients (73%) and ineffective in 10 patients (27%), for whom MD was necessary (MD group). There were no major complications. The areas of adherence were in the CS in only one patient. No differences were noted in the data analysed between LT and MD groups; in particular, time from implant was similar in the two groups (MD vs. LT group: 17 +/- 8.9 vs. 20.4 +/- 18.6 months; P = ns).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that CS leads, after medium-term implantation, can be effectively and safely removed using MD with polypropylene sheaths, in the case of unsuccessful LT. No pre-operative elements predictive of LT failure could be identified. Areas of adherence were rarely located in the CS or its tributaries.
authors.affiliation: Cardiac and Thoracic Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana and University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Cisanello, Pisa 56100, Italy. m.g.bongiorni@med.unipi.it
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Bongiorni
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zucchelli
authors.forename: Ezio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Soldati
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arena
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giannola
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Cori
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lapira
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bartoli
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Segreti
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Lucia
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barsotti
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000473:pathology*; D020878:Device Removal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004106:Dilatation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D011126:Polypropylenes; D018805:Sepsis / Q000209:etiology; D012849:Sinoatrial Node
chemical_list: D011126:Polypropylenes