title: Infertility, infertility treatment and twinning: the Danish National Birth Cohort.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have previously observed that an increasing time to pregnancy (TTP) is associated with a reduced frequency of twin deliveries in couples not receiving infertility treatment. By using updated information, we assessed the frequencies of dizygotic (DZ) and monozygotic (MZ) twin deliveries as a function of infertility (TTP > 12 months), as well as infertility treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  From the Danish National Birth Cohort (1997-2003), we identified 51 730 fertile couples with TTP <or= 12 months, 5838 infertile couples who conceived naturally with TTP > 12 months and 5163 infertile couples who conceived after treatment. Information on zygosity, available for part of the cohort (1997-2000), was based on standardized questions on the similarities between the twins at the age of 3-5 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with fertile couples, the frequency of DZ twin deliveries was lower for infertile couples conceiving naturally (odds ratio 0.4, 95% confidence interval 0.2-0.7) and was much higher for infertile couples conceiving after treatment (17.3, 14.4-20.7). The frequency of DZ twin deliveries decreased with TTP in untreated couples, whereas the frequency of MZ twin deliveries remained constant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The frequency of DZ twin deliveries decreased with TTP and substantially increased with infertility treatment, whereas MZ twin deliveries remained substantially unchanged.
authors.affiliation: Danish Epidemiology Science Centre, Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark. zjl@soci.au.dk
authors.forename: Jin Liang
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Basso
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Obel
authors.forename: Kaare
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: Jørn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003718:Denmark; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D006801:Humans; D007246:Infertility / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010060:Ovulation; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011272:Pregnancy, Multiple; D014429:Twins, Dizygotic; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic