title: [Influence of tobacco smoking and periodontitis on selected factors of oxidative stress].
abstract: The aim of the study was to estimate the influence of tobacco smoking and the clinical type of periodontitis on the chosen parameters of oxidative stress (superoxide anion generation on the ground of cytochrome c reduction in the whole blood, the concentration of autoantibodies for oxidized low-density lipoprotein in venous and gingival blood, the level of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a marker of oxidative DNA damage in venous and gingival blood and the total antioxidant capacity in venous and gingival blood).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 50 periodontitis patients (20 patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis - GAP and 30 patients with chronic periodontitis--CP), aged 28-55 (the mean value 40.3). There were 28 females and 22 males. The control group consisted of 25 volunteers in good general health, aged 2-50 (the mean value 37.8). There were 15 women in this group. In clinical examination ofperiodontium following indexes were included: plaque index (Silness and Löe), aproximal plaque index (Lange et al.), bleeding upon probing (Saxer and Mühlemann), pockets depth, the number of teeth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant influence of periodontal diagnosis on the level of 8-OHdG in gingival blood and total antioxidant capacity and also all analyzed clinical parameters was revealed. Significant total influence ofperiodontal diagnosis with tobacco smoking on total antioxidant capacity was also seen in venous blood (p = 0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1) periodontal status impacted in significant way on the level of 8-OHdG in gingival blood and total antioxidant capacity in venous blood, 2) tobacco smoking and chronic periodontitis presence were connected with significantly decreasing levels of total antioxidant capacity in venous blood; this fact may be under importance in connection between periodontitis and atherosclerosis, 3) tobacco smoking was a significant factor in the progression ofperiodontitis (higher levels of plaque indexes, deeper periodontal pockets in nicotine addicted patients).
authors.affiliation: Z Zakładu Patologii Jamy Ustnej Katedry Periodontologii Akademii Medycznej, Wrocławiu, tkonopka@stom.am.wroc.pl
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Konopka
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Król
authors.forename: Wacław
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kopeć
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D012907:Smoking / Q000378:metabolism*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D045304:Cytochromes c; D003849:Deoxyguanosine