title: Cueing training in the home improves gait-related mobility in Parkinson's disease: the RESCUE trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gait and mobility problems are difficult to treat in people with Parkinson's disease. The Rehabilitation in Parkinson's Disease: Strategies for Cueing (RESCUE) trial investigated the effects of a home physiotherapy programme based on rhythmical cueing on gait and gait-related activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single-blind randomised crossover trial was set up, including 153 patients with Parkinson's disease aged between 41 and 80 years and in Hoehn and Yahr stage II-IV. Subjects allocated to early intervention (n = 76) received a 3-week home cueing programme using a prototype cueing device, followed by 3 weeks without training. Patients allocated to late intervention (n = 77) underwent the same intervention and control period in reverse order. After the initial 6 weeks, both groups had a 6-week follow-up without training. Posture and gait scores (PG scores) measured at 3, 6 and 12 weeks by blinded testers were the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcomes included specific measures on gait, freezing and balance, functional activities, quality of life and carer strain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Small but significant improvements were found after intervention of 4.2% on the PG scores (p = 0.005). Severity of freezing was reduced by 5.5% in freezers only (p = 0.007). Gait speed (p = 0.005), step length (p<0.001) and timed balance tests (p = 0.003) improved in the full cohort. Other than a greater confidence to carry out functional activities (Falls Efficacy Scale, p = 0.04), no carry-over effects were observed in functional and quality of life domains. Effects of intervention had reduced considerably at 6-week follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cueing training in the home has specific effects on gait, freezing and balance. The decline in effectiveness of intervention effects underscores the need for permanent cueing devices and follow-up treatment. Cueing training may be a useful therapeutic adjunct to the overall management of gait disturbance in Parkinson's disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium. alice.nieuwboer@faber.kuleuven.be
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nieuwboer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kwakkel
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rochester
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van Wegen
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Willems
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chavret
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hetherington
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017028:Caregivers; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004856:Postural Balance; D011788:Quality of Life; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome