title: DNA repair gene polymorphisms and bladder cancer susceptibility in a Turkish population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Occupational exposure and life style preferences, such as smoking are the main known environmental susceptibility factors for bladder cancer. A growing list of chemicals has been shown to induce oxidative DNA damage. Base excision repair (BER) genes (X-ray repair cross complementing 1, XRCC1 and human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1, OGG1) may play a key role in maintaining genome integrity and preventing cancer development.
  
  
  METHODS
  We tested whether polymorphisms in XRCC1 and OGG1 are associated with bladder cancer risk by using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay. In addition, the possible modifying affect of cigarette smoking was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No studies, to date, have examined the association between genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair genes and bladder cancer susceptibility, in the Turkish population. We found the OGG1 Cys326Cys genotype to be more frequent among bladder cancer patients (odds ratio (OR): 2.41 (95% CI, 1.36-4.25)). However, in the case of XRCC1, there was no significant difference in susceptibility to bladder cancer development between patients with the Arg399 and these with the Gln399 allele (OR. 0.72 (95% CI, 0.41-1.26)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data showed that OGG1 genetic polymorphisms might be useful as prognostic genetic markers for bladder cancer in the clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey. bensu@gazi.edu.tr
authors.forename: Bensu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Karahalil
authors.forename: Neslihan Aygün
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Kocabas
authors.forename: Tayfun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ozçelik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D045647:DNA Glycosylases / Q000235:genetics*; D004260:DNA Repair; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D014421:Turkey; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D000076105:X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D000076105:X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1; C000619371:XRCC1 protein, human; D045647:DNA Glycosylases; C479058:oxoguanine glycosylase 1, human