title: Indoor air pollution and acute lower respiratory infections in the first two years of life.
abstract: The relationship between outdoor air pollution and acute respiratory infections (ARI) was previously documented. There are recent indications for connection between indoor air pollution and ARI in infants and young children. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship of indoor air pollutants to acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in children (< 2 years). The indoor air pollutants concentrations were measured in the homes of the sample. The sample consisted of 115 children (< 2 years) representing the control group (24), ALRI but no pneumonia (24), pneumonia (30), severe pneumonia or very severe disease (37). Air sampling was performed to measure the concentration of total suspended particulates (TSP), SO2 and CO. These pollutants were found in higher concentrations in cases' homes (52.46 +/- 19.68 microg/m3, 298.15 +/- 669.37 microg/m3, and 1.92 +/- 3.60 ppm) than in controls' homes (31.92 +/- 8.76 microg/m3, not detected, and 0.33 +/- 1.63 ppm respectively). Whereas SO2 was detected only in houses using kerosene, TSP and CO were detected with the different types of cooking fuels. Their mean concentrations were highest for biomass (88.86 +/- 13.30 microg/m3 and 9.29 +/- 2.50 ppm) and lowest for gas (40.78 +/- 15.25 microg/m3 and 0.76 +/- 2.19 ppm). Measures to improve indoor air quality are highly required.
authors.affiliation: High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Egypt.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Hakim
authors.forename: I F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Kharboush
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Naguib
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mortada
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Noweir
authors.forename: I I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: El Araby
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002669:Child Welfare / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003296:Cooking / Q000379:methods; D004534:Egypt / Q000453:epidemiology; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D005742:Gasoline; D006361:Heating; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007648:Kerosene; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012621:Seasons; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D014504:Urban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D005742:Gasoline; D007648:Kerosene; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide; D002248:Carbon Monoxide