title: Pediatric concussions in sports; a simple and rapid assessment tool for concussive injury in children and adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We established a routine protocol for concussion evaluation in athletes for nonmedical personnel. The evaluation, management guidelines, and return-to-play recommendations were summarized with a memorable mnemonic on a convenient handheld card.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ability to remember the return-to-play mnemonic and effectively apply it to corresponding guidelines was evaluated in 194 sports personnel without medical training. The participants were given three clinical scenarios, each including age, pertinent history, sporting event, description of an injury, symptoms, signs, and a brief neurological exam. Subsequently, the subject's ability to recall the return-to-play mnemonic and the Standard Assessment of Concussion, to describe the corresponding guidelines, and to advise return-to-play was evaluated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our "return-to-play" mnemonic was found to be simple and memorable, allowing for a high recall percentage and accurate evaluation of concussion cases. High intersubject agreement suggests that this method has both standardization and generalization potential.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Mailcode 8893200, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103-8893, USA.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Hayden
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jandial
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Duenas
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mahajan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Levy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D010372:Pediatrics; D010808:Physical Examination; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index