title: Carotid angioplasty and stent placement for restenosis after endarterectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recurrent carotid stenosis following endarterectomy is a common complication, and reoperation may be associated with increased morbidity. The goal of this study was to determine the procedural safety and long-term complication rates of carotid angioplasty and stenting for recurrent stenosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 248 consecutive carotid angioplasty and/or stenting procedures performed at our institution between March 1996 and November 2005, 83 procedures for recurrent stenosis following endarterectomy were performed in 75 patients (mean age 68 years; 43 men, 32 women) without cerebral protection devices. The patients' medical records were retrospectively reviewed for vascular imaging reports and available clinical follow-up. Procedural and long-term complication rates were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recurrent stenosis was reduced from a mean of 80.6% to no significant stenosis in 82 of 83 procedures. The procedural stroke rate was 3 out of 83 procedures (3.6%). The procedural transient ischemic attack (TIA) rate was 2 out of 83 procedures (2.4%). Mean follow-up was 22.4 months (range 0.1 to 86.7 months) with at least 6 months follow-up for 54 of 83 procedures (65%). There were five TIAs and no strokes on follow-up (new TIAs at 25.5 and 43.4 months; recurrent TIAs at 1, 11.1, and 12 months, all with normal angiograms). The composite 30-day stroke, myocardial infarction, or death rate was 5 of 83 procedures (6.0%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this series, angioplasty and stenting were effective in relieving stenosis secondary to recurrent carotid disease after endarterectomy, and have low rates of ischemic complications.
authors.affiliation: Interventional Neuroradiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 South Kingshighway Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Yasha
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kadkhodayan
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.forename: Colin P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Derdeyn
authors.forename: DeWitte T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Cross
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017130:Angioplasty / Q000379:methods*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000628:therapy*; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000628:therapy*; D012008:Recurrence; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome