title: Isolated costal hyperostosis: a rare cause of severe hemothorax.
abstract: Chest pain due to hemothorax is rare. However, the possibility of traumatic hemothorax must always be suspected. We report a case of a 15-year-old girl with hemothorax after erosion of the intercostal artery of the left seventh rib by a histological proved solitary costal hyperostosis. She presented with a 2-month history of intermittent left-sided chest pain and 3 episodes of acute chest pain followed by dizziness and loss of consciousness. The chest radiograph revealed a large left pleural effusion and a thin-section chest computed tomography scan that was performed after drainage of the hemothorax indicated a spicule projecting inward into the chest from the left seventh rib. After thoracotomy, a solitary costal hyperostosis causing a traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the intercostal artery was removed by partial resection of the left seventh rib, the intercostals vessels were ligated, and the pseudoaneurysm excised.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Efstratios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Apostolakis
authors.forename: Nikoleta M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Nikolakopoulou
authors.forename: Dimitris A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Papanastasiou
authors.forename: Thrasyboylos
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mavromatis
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dougenis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017541:Aneurysm, False / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006491:Hemothorax / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D015576:Hyperostosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D012272:Ribs / Q000098:blood supply*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed