title: Periodontal status and oral hygiene in two populations of cleft patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate and compare the oral hygiene and periodontal status in children with unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate treated in Łódź, Poland, and Erlangen, Germany.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oral health was assessed by the presence of dental plaque, pocket depth, clinical attachment levels, and pathologic teeth mobility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven Polish and 63 German patients participated in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Poor oral hygiene was found in 57% of all subjects. In Erlangen, 60% of patients had optimal oral hygiene, compared to 19% in Łódź. The highest scores for dental plaque were noted in both groups in the cleft region. Healthy periodontium was significantly more frequent among German patients, whereas gingival bleeding was significantly more frequent among Polish patients. Pocket depths greater than 6 mm occurred only in German subjects. No statistically significant difference was observed between the amount of tooth areas with gingival recessions and the country of origin. Periodontal pockets deeper than 3.5 mm occurred more frequently during active orthodontic treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The oral hygiene regimens in Germany and Poland were not comparable, as more plaque was found in the Polish than in the German population. Plaque accumulation seems not to be a key factor in causing periodontal destruction in the cleft area. Factors other than oral hygiene should be considered of major importance in relation to the development of gingival recession on teeth in cleft areas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University of Erlanger-Nuremberg, Erlanger, Germany. magda_stec@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stec
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szczepańska
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pypeć
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hirschfelder
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000150:complications*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000150:complications*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000145:classification; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000145:classification; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000145:classification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D009911:Oral Hygiene Index; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000145:classification; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000145:classification*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000145:classification; D011044:Poland; D014086:Tooth Mobility / Q000145:classification