title: Otitis media in adults as a symptom of gastroesophageal reflux.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the clinical relationship between gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and otitis media with effusion (OME) in adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients with OME with unknown causes were asked to answer a new questionnaire specific for the diagnosis of GER disease; pepsinogen (PG) levels in their middle-ear effusions (MEEs) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of patients with high PG concentrations in their MEEs was significantly higher in those with questionnaire-positive GER than in those with questionnaire-negative GER. OME was present bilaterally in a significantly higher percentage of patients with questionnaire-positive GER. The PG levels decreased in some of the patients after receiving proton pump inhibitors, which also decreased the symptoms of GER.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of PG in MEEs supports the existence of GER; treatment for GER should be considered in patients with ear complaints, especially in those who have GER-related symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan. michsone@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Michihiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sone
authors.forename: Yuri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamuro
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Yasumasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niwa
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakashima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005122:Exudates and Transudates / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010034:Otitis Media with Effusion / Q000209:etiology*; D020116:Pepsinogen A / Q000032:analysis*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D020116:Pepsinogen A