title: Assessing pulmonary permeability by transpulmonary thermodilution allows differentiation of hydrostatic pulmonary edema from ALI/ARDS.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test whether assessing pulmonary permeability by transpulmonary thermodilution enables to differentiate increased permeability pulmonary edema (ALI/ARDS) from hydrostatic pulmonary edema.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 24-bed medical intensive care unit of a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight critically ill patients ventilated for acute respiratory failure with bilateral infiltrates on chest radiograph, a PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratio < 300 mmHg and extravascular lung water indexed for body weight >/= 12 ml/kg.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed pulmonary permeability by two indexes obtained from transpulmonary thermodilution: extravascular lung water/pulmonary blood volume (PVPI) and the ratio of extravascular lung water index over global end-diastolic volume index. The cause of pulmonary edema was determined a posteriori by three experts, taking into account medical history, clinical features, echocardiographic left ventricular function, chest radiography findings, B-type natriuretic peptide serum concentration and the time-course of these findings with therapy. Experts were blind for pulmonary permeability indexes and for global end-diastolic volume.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ALI/ARDS was diagnosed in 36 cases. The PVPI was 4.7+/-1.8 and 2.1+/-0.5 in patients with ALI/ARDS and hydrostatic pulmonary edema, respectively (p<0.05). The extravascular lung water index/global end-diastolic volume index ratio was 3.0 x 10(-2)+/-1.2 x 10(-2) and 1.4 x 10(-2)+/-0.4 x 10(-2) in patients with ALI/ARDS and with hydrostatic pulmonary edema, respectively (p<0.05). A PVPI >/= 3 and an extravascular lung water index/global end-diastolic index ratio >/= 1.8 x 10(-2) allowed the diagnosis of ALI/ARDS with a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 100%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that indexes of pulmonary permeability provided by transpulmonary thermodilution may be useful for determining the mechanism of pulmonary edema in the critically ill.
authors.affiliation: Service de réanimation médicale, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Bicêtre, 78, rue du Général Leclerc, 94 270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Monnet
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Anguel
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.forename: Olfa
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hamzaoui
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Richard
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Teboul
mesh_terms: D002199:Capillary Permeability; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D015633:Extravascular Lung Water / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006874:Hydrostatic Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013815:Thermodilution