From mother to child: investigation of prenatal and postnatal exposure to persistent bioaccumulating toxicants using breast milk and placenta biomonitoring.
The exposure levels of placenta and paired breast milk samples to selected organochlorine compounds and pesticides from Danish and Finnish samples have been investigated. p,p'-DDE is the dominant pollutant, beta-HCH, hexachlorobenzene, endosulfan-I, dieldrin, oxychlordane, cis-heptachlor epoxide and p,p'-DDT being the other major constituents. Their concentrations are linearly correlated between milk and placenta in similar patterns for Danish and Finnish samples. Milk samples have higher levels of these pollutants than placenta on lipid base. However, the apparently not correlated compounds, such as alpha-HCH, pentachlorobenzene, pentachloroanisole and methoxychlor, are generally accumulated more in placenta, which may suggest a tissue specific metabolic activity. Thus, depending on the compound of interest, biomonitoring may be done in placenta only or in both matrices.
Shen
Heqing
H
Institute of Ecological Chemistry, GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
Main
Katharina M
KM
Virtanen
Helena E
HE
Damggard
Ida N
IN
Haavisto
Anne-Maarit
AM
Kaleva
M
M
Boisen
K A
KA
Schmidt
Ida M
IM
Chellakooty
Marla
M
Skakkebaek
Niels E
NE
Toppari
Jorma
J
Schramm
Karl-Werner
KW
D000328:Adult; D003718:Denmark; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D009035:Mothers; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D010920:Placenta / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D010929:Placentation; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D007306:Insecticides; D010575:Pesticides; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene