title: An infectious retrovirus susceptible to an IFN antiviral pathway from human prostate tumors.
abstract: We recently reported identification of a previously undescribed gammaretrovirus genome, xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV), in prostate cancer tissue from patients homozygous for a reduced activity variant of the antiviral enzyme RNase L. Here we constructed a full-length XMRV genome from prostate tissue RNA and showed that the molecular viral clone is replication-competent. XMRV replication in the prostate cancer cell line DU145 was sensitive to inhibition by IFN-beta. However, LNCaP prostate cancer cells, which are deficient in JAK1 and RNase L, were resistant to the effects of IFN-beta against XMRV. Furthermore, DU145 cells rendered deficient in RNase L with siRNA were partially resistant to IFN inhibition of XMRV. Expression in hamster cells of the xenotropic and polytropic retrovirus receptor 1 allowed these cells to be infected by XMRV. XMRV provirus integration sites were mapped in DNA isolated from human prostate tumor tissue to genes for two transcription factors (NFATc3 and CREB5) and to a gene encoding a suppressor of androgen receptor transactivation (APPBP2/PAT1/ARA67). Our studies demonstrate that XMRV is a virus that has infected humans and is susceptible to inhibition by IFN and its downstream effector, RNase L.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Beihua
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Sanggu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seunghee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Jaydip
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Das Gupta
authors.forename: Krishnamurthy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Malathi
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ganem
authors.forename: Joseph L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Derisi
authors.forename: Samson A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Silverman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D004722:Endoribonucleases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007372:Interferons / Q000378:metabolism*; D053613:Janus Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D007372:Interferons; D053613:Janus Kinase 1; D004722:Endoribonucleases; C031956:2-5A-dependent ribonuclease