title: Capnography for procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department.
abstract: Although it is standard of care for patient safety monitoring in anesthesia, capnography is not routinely used for emergency department procedural sedation and analgesia. We discuss the use of capnography as a diagnostic monitoring modality for procedural sedation and analgesia, focusing on the physiology and interpretation of the CO2 waveform and recognition of normal, abnormal, and drug-induced ventilatory patterns.
authors.affiliation: Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. baruch.krauss@childrens.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Baruch
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Krauss
authors.forename: Dean R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Hess
mesh_terms: D000698:Analgesia; D019296:Capnography; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D006801:Humans; D012119:Respiration