title: Antiepileptic effects of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation by different stimulation durations and locations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the antiepileptic effect of low-frequency rTMS (repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation) in the patients with intractable epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 35 patients with localization-related epilepsy who had experienced at least one complex partial seizure or a secondarily generalized seizure per week on a constant antiepileptic drug regimen over an 8-week period. rTMS was administered using a Rapid(2) magnetic stimulator with an air-cooled coil at 0.5Hz for 5 consecutive days at 100% of rMT (resting motor threshold). Patients were divided into a focal stimulation group with a localized epileptic focus, or a non-focal stimulation group with a non-localized or multifocal epileptic focus. These two groups were then randomly subdivided into four subgroups depending on the total number of stimulations administered, i.e., 3000 pulse and 1500 pulse subgroups. Weekly seizure frequencies were determined for 8 weeks before and after rTMS. To compare the number of interictal spikes before and after rTMS, EEG was recorded twice before (1st day) and after rTMS (5th day).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean weekly seizure frequency was non-significantly decreased after rTMS (8.4-->6.8/week, -13.9%). Longer stimulation subgroups (3000 pulses, -23.0%) tended to have fewer seizures than shorter stimulation subgroups (1500 pulses, -3.0%), without statistical significance. TMS stimulation site and structural brain lesions did not influence seizure outcome. However, interictal spikes significantly decreased (-54.9%, P=0.012) after rTMS and they totally disappeared in 6 patients (17.1%, 6/35).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-frequency rTMS reduced interictal spikes, but its effect on seizure outcome was not significant. Focal stimulation for a longer duration tended to further reduce seizure frequency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings may help clinicians to further investigate the therapeutic potential of the rTMS for patients with intractable epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-Dong, Gangnam-gu, 135-710 Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Yeon
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.forename: Sun Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: So-Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Jae-Wook
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Dae Won
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Seung Bong
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D020938:Epilepsy, Partial, Motor / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012640:Seizures / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013997:Time Factors; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome