title: Induction of multiple cytokine secretion from RAW264.7 cells by alginate oligosaccharides.
abstract: We investigated the cytokine-inducing activities of guluronate (G3-G6) and mannuronate (M3-M6) oligomers on RAW264.7 cells with the Bio-Plex assay system. Relatively high levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), granulocyte macrophage (GM)-CSF, and eotaxin were induced by alginate oligomers to different extents depending on the oligomer structures, and low but significant levels of interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-9, and IL-13 were also induced. Throughout all cytokines tested, M-oligomers tended to be more potent than G-oligomers in terms of cytokine induction, and this tendency was evident in differences between G3 and M3.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Maki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurachi
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oda
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D016207:Cytokines; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D020723:Glucuronic Acid