Spiritual care in Christian parish nursing.
OBJECTIVE
This paper reports the development of a substantive theory to explain the process parish nurses use to provide spiritual care to parishioners in Christian churches in a context where patients and nurses share a common set of values.


BACKGROUND
Despite a surge of interest in spirituality and spiritual care in nursing, consensus is lacking on how care should be conceptualized and provided.


METHODS
Grounded theory method was used to explore and describe the processes 10 American parish nurses experienced and used as they gave spiritual care. Data were collected between 1998 and 2001. Participants were interviewed and audiotapes transcribed verbatim. Constant comparative methods were used to analyse more than 50 separate incidents reported by the nurses.


RESULTS
From its initial emergence as the core category, 'Bringing God Near' became a Basic Social Process theory of giving spiritual care for these parish nurses. This Basic Social Process became a theory through writing theoretical memos that described how the 'main concern' of the nurses to give spiritual care was resolved. Phases within the process include: trusting God, forming relationships with the patient/family, opening to God, activating/nurturing faith and recognizing spiritual renewal or growth. The essence is bringing God near to people as they face health challenges. Findings from the study and spiritual care literature are integrated in the discussion.


CONCLUSIONS
The parish nurses' spiritual challenge is to respond to what God is directing the nurse to be and do to strengthen people spiritually. This spiritual care can help restore the patient's sense of well-being, and encourage growth in faith. Those interested in providing and teaching spiritual care in the church context will find this theory useful as a conceptual guide.
van Dover
Leslie
L
Graduate Program School of Nursing, Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, California, USA.
Pfeiffer
Jane Bacon
JB
D000328:Adult; D002835:Christianity; D003152:Community Health Nursing / Q000379:methods*; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009736:Nursing Process; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States