title: Hypochlorite-modified albumin colocalizes with RAGE in the artery wall and promotes MCP-1 expression via the RAGE-Erk1/2 MAP-kinase pathway.
abstract: Signal transduction via the endothelial receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) plays a key role in vascular inflammation. Recent observations have shown that the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-chloride system of activated phagocytes is highly up-regulated under inflammatory conditions where hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is formed as the major oxidant. Albumin, an in vivo carrier for myeloperoxidase is highly vulnerable to oxidation and a major representative of circulating advanced oxidized proteins during inflammatory diseases. Immunohistochemical studies performed in the present study revealed marked colocalization of HOCl-modified epitopes with RAGE and albumin in sections of human atheroma, mainly at the endothelial lining. We show that albumin modified with physiologically relevant concentrations of HOCl, added as reagent or generated by the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-chloride system, is a high affinity ligand for RAGE. Albumin, modified by HOCl in the absence of free amino acids/carbohydrates/lipids to exclude formation of AGE-like structures, induced a rapid, RAGE-dependent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and up-regulation of the proinflammatory mediator monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Cellular activation could be blocked either by a specific polyclonal anti-RAGE IgG and/or a specific mitogen-activated protein-kinase kinase inhibitor. The present study demonstrates that HOCl-modified albumin acts as a ligand for RAGE and promotes RAGE-mediated inflammatory complications.
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Graz, Center of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Harrachgasse 21, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Gunther
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marsche
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Semlitsch
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hammer
authors.forename: Sasa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Weigle
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Demling
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Windischhofer
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Waeg
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sattler
authors.forename: Ernst
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Malle
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001158:Arteries / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D006997:Hypochlorous Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007249:Inflammation; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D006997:Hypochlorous Acid; D009195:Peroxidase; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3