title: Orbital and muscle involvement in multiple myeloma.
abstract: METHODS
  We report 2 cases of orbital plasmacytoma in patients with known multiple myeloma. Orbital spread with secondary maxillary sinus involvement is reported in the first case. Case 2 is the first report of immunoglobulin A kappa light chain multiple myeloma involving orbital recti muscles. Computed axial tomography and magnetic resonance imaging aided the diagnosis, confirmed with histopathologic studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extraskeletal spread is rare and orbital involvement is exceedingly uncommon. From a review of the literature since 1972, we conclude that the immunoglobulin G type of multiple myeloma, whether lambda or kappa light chain, may be a risk factor for orbital involvement.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Opthalmologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Fort de France, France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Thoumazet
authors.forename: Angélique
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Donnio
authors.forename: Lucas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ayeboua
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brebion
authors.forename: Abdoulaye
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diedhou
authors.forename: Harold
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Merle
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000378:metabolism; D007145:Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007145:Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains