title: Implication of RANTES in the modulation of alloimmune response by progesterone during pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several studies indicate that RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) is able to downregulate T-cell responses which suggest it might be relevant for fetal tolerance induction. However, the role of RANTES in pregnancy had not been established. Here we investigate RANTES regulation during early pregnancy and potential failures leading to losses of pregnancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  RANTES and progesterone levels were determined in sera and feto-placental units from high resorption rate CBA/JxDBA/2 pregnant females and compared with CBA/JxBALB/c normal pregnant mice. RANTES in vitro modulation was also studied in nulliparous, primiparous and multiparous CBA/J and BALB/c cells in response to paternal alloantigen and progesterone stimulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nulliparous CBA/J females were quantitatively deficient in RANTES sera levels, whereas pregnancies with male BALB/c or DBA/2 increased its production. However, feto-placental units from CBA/J females are high producers of progesterone and RANTES.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that the beneficial effect of RANTES on feto-maternal interface requires an optimal concentration range and might be modulated by progesterone, hence exacerbated placental expression could be associated with high resorption rate.
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunogenetics, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, IDEHU, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina. rramhorst@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramhorst
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Corigliano
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Junovich
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fainboim
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D010920:Placenta / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D011374:Progesterone