title: Compromised GCF total antioxidant capacity in periodontitis: cause or effect?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. The total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) of gingival crevicular fluid volume (GCF) and plasma appears compromised in periodontitis, but it is unclear whether this predisposes to, or results from the inflammatory process.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate longitudinal changes in GCF and plasma TAOC following reductions in periodontal inflammation with successful non-surgical therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two longitudinal studies were run in series on non-smokers with chronic periodontitis (CP). Study-1 (n=17) assessed index sites with mild disease; Study-2 (n=18) investigated deep sites. GCF sampling and clinical measures were performed at baseline and 3 months post-therapy. Plasma and GCF TAOC was determined by enhanced chemiluminescence and 32 age/sex-matched periodontally healthy controls were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Therapy improved clinical outcomes consistent with the literature. There were no differences in plasma TAOC between periodontitis patients (507+/-92 microMTeq) and controls (520+/-100 microMTeq; p=0.57) at baseline, but GCF TAOC was lower (p<0.0001) in CP patients (680+/-371 microMTeq) than controls (1129+/-722 microMTeq). Successful periodontal therapy did not alter plasma TAOC (p=0.56), but GCF TAOC increased (by 449+/-722 microMTeq, p<0.001) to control subject levels (p=0.47)
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Local total antioxidant capacity in CP appears to reflect increased oxygen radical activity during periodontal inflammation and can be restored to control subject levels by successful non-surgical therapy.
authors.affiliation: Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B4 6NN, UK. I.L.C.Chapple@bham.ac.uk
authors.forename: I L C
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Chapple
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Brock
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Milward
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Matthews
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003729:Dental Care; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species