title: Time frame and predictors of recovery from disability following recurrent ischemic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the rate, degree, and predictors of recovery from a disabled to nondisabled state in patients disabled after recurrent ischemic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with ischemic stroke enrolled in the Management of Atherothrombosis with Clopidogrel in High Risk Patients (MATCH) Study underwent prospective assessment of their modified Rankin score (mRS) at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months after enrollment and after recurrent stroke. Patients disabled (defined as mRS > or = 3) after recurrence were analyzed for recovery (defined as mRS < 3) during the 18 months, and predictors of recovery were sought using a Cox proportional-hazard multiple regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three hundred forty-five (54%) of 637 patients were disabled after recurrent ischemic stroke; 115 (33%) patients had been disabled and 230 (66%) nondisabled before stroke recurrence. At recurrence, the degree of disability was moderate (mRS 3) in 135 (39%) patients, severe (mRS 4) in 139 (40%), and very severe (mRS 5) in 71 (21%). After 12 months' median follow-up, 117 (34%, 95% CI: 29 to 39%) had recovered: 68 (50%, 42 to 59%) of 135 moderately disabled, 45 (32%, 25 to 41%) of 139 severely disabled, and 4 (6%, 2 to 14%) of 71 very severely disabled; 70 (20.3%) patients died. From recurrence, median time to recovery was 6 months (mRS 3) and 18 months (mRS 4); 94% with very severe disability had not recovered at 18 months. Independent predictors of recovery were moderate disability at recurrence (mRS 3) compared with severe (mRS 4: hazard ratio [HR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.04 to 2.3) or very severe disability (mRS 5: HR 7.6; 2.7 to 20) and a nondisabled vs disabled state before recurrence (HR 4.0; 2.3 to 6.8).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rate of recovery from recurrent ischemic stroke was greatest in the first 6 months; one-third of patients recovered within 12 months. The significant predictors of recovery were a nondisabled state before recurrence and increasing severity of the recurrent stroke.
authors.affiliation: Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Royal Perth Hospital, 197 Wellington St., Perth, Australia, 6000. gjhankey@cyllene.uwa.edu.au
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Hankey
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Spiesser
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hakimi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carita
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gabriel
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012008:Recurrence; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013997:Time Factors