title: Prognostic value of plasma tissue factor and tissue factor pathway inhibitor for cardiovascular death in patients with coronary artery disease: the AtheroGene study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tissue factor (TF) and its specific inhibitor, tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), are important contributors to the initiation of the coagulation process.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare plasma levels of soluble TF (sTF) and free-TFPI (f-TFPI) between patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and to assess the impact of the two variables on long-term prognosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with SAPs (n = 1146) and acute coronary syndrome (n = 523) from the AtheroGene study were included and followed for 2.3 years. Because of the strong impact of unfractionated heparin (UFH) on f-TFPI levels, but not on sTF levels, patients having received UFH before blood drawing were excluded from the analyses on f-TFPI (n = 226).
  
  
  RESULTS
  On admission, no significant differences in sTF levels were observed between SAP and ACS patients. By comparison to patients with stable angina, f-TFPI levels significantly increased in patients with acute unstable angina and further increased in patients presenting with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (P < 10(-4)). Among the 1669 individuals with a coronary artery disease, 56 died from a cardiovascular cause. In prospective analyses, high sTF levels were independently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular death in individuals with ACS (fully adjusted hazard ratio associated with one quartile increase = 2.06; 95% confidence interval 1.24-3.45; P = 0.006) but not in those with SAP (hazard ratio = 1.07; 95% confidence interval 0.78-1.46; P = 0.67). In SAP and ACS patients, high f-TFPI levels were not independently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma sTF levels were predictive of cardiovascular mortality in individuals with ACS, whereas f-TFPI levels were associated with the severity of myocardial damage on admission but were not independently related to outcome.
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U626, Marseille, and Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France. pmorange@ap-hm.fr
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Morange
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blankenberg
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Alessi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bickel
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Rupprecht
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schnabel
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lubos
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Münzel
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Peetz
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nicaud
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Juhan-Vague
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tiret
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013577:Syndrome; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008074:Lipoproteins; C051928:lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor; D013925:Thromboplastin