title: Introducing alcohol-based hand rub for hand hygiene: the critical need for training.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Use of an alcohol-based hand rub for hand hygiene has recently been recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. However, the proper technique for using hand rub has not been well described and is not routinely taught in hospitals.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of training on proper technique as outlined by the European Standard for testing alcohol-based hand rubs (European Norm 1500) in a clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study including 180 healthcare workers (HCWs) in a 450-bed, university-affiliated geriatric hospital where alcohol-based hand rub was introduced in the late 1970s.
  
  
  METHODS
  Structured training program in hand hygiene with alcohol-based hand rub. Technique for using hand rub was tested by the addition of a fluorescent dye to the disinfectant and the number of areas missed was quantified by a validated visual assessment method. In addition, the number of bacteria eradicated was estimated by calculating the difference between the log(10) number of colony-forming units (cfu) of bacteria on the fingertips before and after the procedure, and reported as reduction factor (RF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Log(10) cfu bacterial counts on fingertips before and after training in the appropriate technique for using hand rub.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, only 31% of HCWs used proper technique, yielding a low RF of 1.4 log(10) cfu bacterial count. Training improved HCW compliance to 74% and increased the RF to 2.2 log(10) cfu bacterial count, an increase of almost 50% (P<.001). Several factors, such as applying the proper amount of hand rub, were significantly associated with the increased RF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that education on the proper technique for using hand rub, as outlined in EN 1500, can significantly increase the degree of bacterial killing.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. awidmer@uhbs.ch
authors.forename: Andreas F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Widmer
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Conzelmann
authors.forename: Milanka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomic
authors.forename: Reno
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Frei
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Stranden
mesh_terms: D000438:Alcohols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006235:Hand Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training / Q000379:methods*; D010564:Personnel, Hospital / Q000193:education*
chemical_list: D000438:Alcohols; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D004202:Disinfectants