title: Silibinin suppresses PMA-induced MMP-9 expression by blocking the AP-1 activation via MAPK signaling pathways in MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells.
abstract: Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays an important role in the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. In this study, we examined the inhibitory effect of silibinin, a flavonoid antioxidant from milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) on PMA-induced MMP-9 expression in MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells. Silibinin significantly and selectively suppressed PMA-induced MMP-9 expression in MCF-7. Silibinin has been found to inhibit PMA-induced MMP-9 gene transcriptional activity by blocking the activation of AP-1 via MAPK signaling pathways. Moreover, the Matrigel invasion assay showed that silibinin reduces PMA-induced invasion of MCF-7 cells. These results suggest that silibinin represents a potential anti-metastatic agent suppressing PMA-induced cancer cell invasion through the specific inhibition of AP-1-dependent MMP-9 gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology and The Center for Traditional Microorganism Resources (TMR), Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Syng-Ook
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yun-Jeong
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Hyo Gwon
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Im
authors.forename: Cheorl-Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young-Chae
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: In-Seon
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077385:Silybin; D012838:Silymarin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D012838:Silymarin; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D000077385:Silybin; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate