title: Microreview: capsule-associated genes of Cryptococcus neoformans.
abstract: Cryptococcosis, caused by Cryptococcus neoformans is a common systemic mycosis in man and animals, particularly immunocompromised patients. This pathogenic fungus produces a thick extracellular polysaccharide capsule. Four capsule-associated genes (CAP10, CAP59, CAP60, CAP64) were cloned and sequenced, and proved to be essential for capsule synthesis. However biochemical functions of CAP gene products have not been clarified yet. Recently, the relatedness of the polysaccharide capsule and four capsule-associated genes has partly been elucidated. Nucleotide sequence of four CAP gene fragments was analyzed for phylogenetic relationships, and they were in agreement with the conventional classification of varieties and serotypes within C. neoformans. Expression of four CAP genes and capsule size were examined using two media containing different amount of glucose, and the results indicated that CAP genes might play important roles in elaboration of extracellular polysaccharide capsule. Furthermore, analyses of CAP genes in various clinical samples would give the useful information to diagnose cryptococcosis in human and animals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-8510, Japan. okabayas@brs.nihon-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okabayashi
authors.forename: Atsuhiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Toshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003453:Cryptococcosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology; D003455:Cryptococcus neoformans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D006801:Humans; D010802:Phylogeny; D011134:Polysaccharides; D012703:Serotyping
chemical_list: C087781:CAP59 protein, Cryptococcus neoformans; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D011134:Polysaccharides