title: Modeling of nonlinear responses for reciprocal transducers involving polarization switching.
abstract: Nonlinearities and hysteresis effects in a reciprocal PZT transducer are examined by use of a dynamical mathematical model on the basis of phase-transition theory. In particular, we consider the perovskite piezoelectric ceramic in which the polarization process in the material can be modeled by Landau theory for the first-order phase transformation, in which each polarization state is associated with a minimum of the Landau free-energy function. Nonlinear constitutive laws are obtained by using thermodynamical equilibrium conditions, and hysteretic behavior of the material can be modeled intrinsically. The time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory is used in the parameter identification involving hysteresis effects. We use the Chebyshev collocation method in the numerical simulations. The elastic field is assumed to be coupled linearly with other fields, and the nonlinearity is in the E-D coupling. We present numerical results for the reciprocal-transducer system and identify the influence of nonlinearities on the system dynamics at high and low frequency as well as electrical impedance effects due to tuning by a series inductance. It is found that nonlinear effects are not important at high frequencies (1 MHz) subject to high-input voltages, but they become important under high-voltage and off-resonance conditions.
authors.affiliation: Mads Clausen Institute for Product Innovation, University of Southern Denmark, Sonderborg DK-6400, Denmark. wanglinxiang@mci.sdu.dk
authors.forename: Linxiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Morten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Willatzen
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004581:Electronics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D014159:Transducers