title: Enhanced hydroxylation of imidacloprid by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia upon addition of sucrose.
abstract: Sucrose's ability to promote the hydroxylation of imidacloprid (IMI) by bacterium Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain CGMCC 1.1788 was examined. Both growing culture and resting cells could transform IMI into 5-hydroxy IMI. Adding 2% sucrose to the growing culture transformation broth and 5% sucrose to the resting cell transformation broth resulted in biotransformation yields, respectively, 2.5 and 9 times greater than without sucrose. In the growing culture transformation, sucrose increased biomass, which led to enhance hydroxylation of IMI. In the resting cell transformation, sucrose was used not as a carbon source but as an energy source for cofactor regeneration for hydroxylation of IMI. The hydroxylation activity of IMI was promoted eightfold by adding reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) to the cell-free extract. The hydroxylation of IMI was significantly inhibited by P450 inhibitor piperonyl butoxide. It seems that the hydroxylation of IMI by S. maltophilia CGMCC 1.1788 might proceed through a system by cooperating with P450 enzyme.
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, NNU Key Laboratory for Microbial Technology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China.
authors.forename: Yi-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huan
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Fei-Fei
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D046508:Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D006900:Hydroxylation; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000378:metabolism*; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D013395:Sucrose / Q000378:metabolism*; D044166:Xanthomonadaceae / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; C082359:imidacloprid; D013395:Sucrose