title: Bile acid-mediated thrombospondin-1 induction in hepatocytes leads to transforming growth factor-beta-dependent hepatic stellate cell activation.
abstract: In cholestasis, bile acids induce hepatocyte apoptosis, while activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) results in fibrosis. Since transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a critical mediator in this process, we hypothesized that bile acids may participate in TGF-beta-mediated HSC activation in cholestasis. Bile acid treatment increased TGF-beta transcription in hepatocytes, while the total TGF-beta concentration in culture media rapidly decreased following bile acid treatment. Bile acid treatment promptly induced thrombospondin-1 expression in hepatocytes, which is a potent activator of latent TGF-beta, whereas this induction was not observed in bile acid-treated HSCs. HSCs co-cultured with hepatocytes showed a significantly higher level of Smad2 phosphorylation and collagen alpha1 synthesis following bile acid treatment than cells cultured without hepatocytes. Moreover, this enhanced collagen synthesis was significantly inhibited in the presence of TGF-beta receptor inhibitor. These observations imply that bile acids induce thrombospondin-1 expression in hepatocytes, which activates latent TGF-beta leading to HSC activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Myung
authors.forename: Jung-Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Geum-Youn
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Gwak
authors.forename: Won
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jong In
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Sung Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ja June
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Hyo-Suk
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002635:Chenodeoxycholic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D051899:Smad2 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D019700:Thrombospondin 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D024042:Collagen Type I; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D051899:Smad2 Protein; D019700:Thrombospondin 1; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D002635:Chenodeoxycholic Acid