title: Postoperative analgesia after cesarean section by continued administration of levobupivacaine with the On-Q Painbuster system over the fascia vs ketorolac + morphine i.v.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to detect if continuous local infusion of levobupivacaine with the On-Q Painbuster system provided postoperative analgesia of similar quality to morphine + ketorolac i.v. in patients undergoing cesarean section.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a randomized prospective double-blind study, 20 women undergoing cesarean section with a standardized spinal technique were randomly assigned into two groups to receive either 10 mg morphine + 120 mg ketorolac + saline solution up to 96 ml with an elastomeric pump i.v. (group A) or local infusion of levobupivacaine 0.2% with the On-Q PAINBUSTER system (group B). Both groups were administered ketorolac i.v. in bolus in case of pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two groups differed in their VAS scores with group A experiencing significantly less pain than group B; the consumption of analgesics was significantly lower in group A than in group B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The i.v. system with morphine and ketorolac is more effective than levobupivacaine subcutaneous infusion in reducing postoperative pain associated with cesarean section.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Magnani
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Corosu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mancino
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Borgia
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005205:Fascia; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007260:Infusion Pumps; D036502:Infusions, Intralesional; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D020910:Ketorolac / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000077554:Levobupivacaine; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D009020:Morphine; D000077554:Levobupivacaine; D002045:Bupivacaine; D020910:Ketorolac