title: Psychological implications of ICD implantation in a New Zealand population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies have raised concerns about high levels of anxiety and depression in implanted cardioverter-defibrillator patients, and suggested that adverse psychological outcomes have been related to delivered therapy, age, and gender. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression and to analyse quality-of-life in a New Zealand patient group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We questioned 46 ICD and 49 pacemaker patients regarding device and treatment satisfaction, depression, anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and quality-of-life (SF 36). The prevalence of clinical depression and anxiety in the ICD group was 7 and 13%, respectively, and did not differ from the pacemaker group. ICD patients mean anxiety and depression scores did not differ from the pacemaker group, although more ICD patients had subclinical levels of anxiety. Quality-of-life scores were normal for all ICD patients with respect to both mental and physical component scores, and not different from the pacemaker group. Anxiety, depression, and quality-of-life scores were unrelated to time from implantation, delivered therapy, age, or gender. Overall, 93% of the ICD patients thought their device was worthwhile.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found a lower than expected level of anxiety and depression in ICD patients, and suggest that this may be due in part to the small team approach adopted locally in the follow-up of this patient group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia, Wellington School of Medicine, Wellington, New Zealand.
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Newall
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Lever
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hornabrook
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Larsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007406:Interview, Psychological / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires