title: Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer up-regulates the urokinase-type plasminogen activator system promoting tumor cell invasion.
abstract: Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) is a membrane glycoprotein overexpressed in many cancer tissues and is known for its ability to stimulate MMP expression. In this work, we show that EMMPRIN is also a regulator of the urokinase-type plasminogen activation (uPA) system of serine proteases, thus participating to the increase of the overall proteolytic function of the cancer cells. Enhanced EMMPRIN expression in a tumorigenic breast epithelial cell line NS2T2A increased the levels of uPA, uPA receptor, and the uPA inhibitor plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), as measured by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, Western blot, and plasminogen-casein zymography. This response was down-regulated by either EMMPRIN small interfering RNA or a blocking antibody to EMMPRIN. EMMPRIN-containing purified membrane fraction from Chinese hamster ovary cells when added exogenously to NS2T2A cells induced a similar activation of the uPA/PAI-1 system. Additionally, overexpression of EMMPRIN in NS2T2A cells increased uPA levels in cocultured endothelial cells, showing a paracrine regulation loop involving a tumor-stroma interaction. EMMPRIN-expressing cells also exhibited enhanced invasive potential in vitro, and the use of amiloride (uPA inhibitor) and marimastat (MMP inhibitor) showed that the two proteolytic systems reduced alone and in combination the invasive potential mediated through EMMPRIN. These data show a novel regulatory pathway for uPA activity and suggest that EMMPRIN is involved in uPA dysregulation observed in cancer.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale U716, Université Paris 7, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Quemener
authors.forename: Eric E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Gabison
authors.forename: Benyoussef
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Naïmi
authors.forename: Géraldine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lescaille
authors.forename: Faten
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bougatef
authors.forename: Marie Pierre
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Podgorniak
authors.forename: Géraldine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Labarchède
authors.forename: Celeste
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lebbé
authors.forename: Fabien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Calvo
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Menashi
authors.forename: Samia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mourah
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051926:Basigin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D045726:Metalloproteases / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D014162:Transfection; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C497886:BSG protein, human; C524898:PLAUR protein, human; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C524899:Plaur protein, mouse; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human; D051926:Basigin; D045726:Metalloproteases; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator