title: Memory of childbirth in the second year: the long-term effect of a negative birth experience and its modulation by the perceived intranatal relationship with caregivers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the memory of various subdimensions of the birth experience in the second year postpartum, and to identify women in the first weeks postpartum at risk of developing a long-term negative memory. DESIGN, METHOD, OUTCOME MEASURES: New mothers' birth experience (BE) was assessed 48-96 hours postpartum (T1) by means of the SIL-Ger and the BBCI (perception of intranatal relationships); early postnatal adjustment (week 3 pp: T1(bis)) was also assessed. Then, four subgroups of women were defined by means of a cluster-analysis, integrating the T1/T1(bis) variables. To evaluate the memory of the BE, the SIL-Ger was again applied in the second year after childbirth (T2). First, the ratings of the SIL-Ger dimensions of T1 were compared to those at T2 in the whole sample. Then, the four subgroups were compared with respect to their ratings of the birth experience at T2 (correlations, ANOVAs and t-tests).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In general, fulfillment, emotional adaptation, physical discomfort, and anxiety improve spontaneously over the first year postpartum, whereas in negative emotional experience, control, and time-going-slowly no shift over time is observed. However, women with a negative overall birth experience and a low level of perceived intranatal relationship at T1 run a high risk of retaining a negative memory in all of the seven subdimensions of the birth experience.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women at risk of developing a negative long-term memory of the BE can be identified at the time of early postpartum, when the overall birth experience and the perceived intranatal relationship are taken into account.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Inselspital, Effingerstrasse 102, CH 3010 Bern, Switzerland. wstadlmayr@gmx.com
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stadlmayr
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Amsler
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lemola
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alt
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bürgin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Surbek
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bitzer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D017028:Caregivers; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008568:Memory; D036801:Parturition; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors