title: The sound generated by mid-ocean ridge black smoker hydrothermal vents.
abstract: Hydrothermal flow through seafloor black smoker vents is typically turbulent and vigorous, with speeds often exceeding 1 m/s. Although theory predicts that these flows will generate sound, the prevailing view has been that black smokers are essentially silent. Here we present the first unambiguous field recordings showing that these vents radiate significant acoustic energy. The sounds contain a broadband component and narrowband tones which are indicative of resonance. The amplitude of the broadband component shows tidal modulation which is indicative of discharge rate variations related to the mechanics of tidal loading. Vent sounds will provide researchers with new ways to study flow through sulfide structures, and may provide some local organisms with behavioral or navigational cues.
authors.affiliation: School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America. tjc@ocean.washington.edu
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Crone
authors.forename: William S D
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Wilcock
authors.forename: Andrew H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Barclay
authors.forename: Jeffrey D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Parsons
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D000818:Animals; D008386:Marine Biology; D010140:Pacific Ocean; D012623:Seawater; D013016:Sound; D013696:Temperature; D014872:Water Movements