title: New method for the photo-chemiluminometric determination of benzoylurea insecticides based on acetonitrile chemiluminescence.
abstract: The viability of tandem photochemical reaction-chemiluminescence detection has been studied for the determination of five benzoylurea insecticides, namely, diflubenzuron, triflumuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron and flufenoxuron. The 'on-line' photochemical reaction of benzoylurea pesticides provides an enhanced chemiluminescence response of the pesticides during their oxidation by potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) and sodium hydroxide, whose signal increases with the percentage of acetonitrile in the reaction medium. The determination was performed using a photoreactor consisting of a PFA (perfluoroalkoxy) tube reactor coil (5 mx1.6-mm O.D. and 0.8-mm I.D.) and an 8-W xenon lamp. As the yield of the photoderivatization process and the chemiluminescent signals depend on the percentage of acetonitrile, the chromatographic column (a Gemini C18, Phenomenex 150 mmx4.6 mm, 5-microm particle size) was chosen with the aim of using high percentages of this organic solvent in the mobile phase. Previous studies showed that the rate of the chemiluminescent reaction was very fast. Therefore, a modification was carried out in the detector in order to mix the analytes and reactants as near as possible to the measure cell. The optimised method was validated with respect to linearity, precision, limits of detection and quantification accuracy. Under the optimised conditions, linear working range extends three orders of magnitude with the relative standard deviation of intra-day precision below 10% and detection limits between 0.012 and 0.18 microg mL-1, according to the compound. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of benzoylureas in cucumber with good results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Almeria, 04061, Almeria, Spain.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Gil García
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martínez Galera
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Santiago Valverde
mesh_terms: D000097:Acetonitriles; D001554:Benzene / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005295:Ferrocyanides / Q000737:chemistry; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D016877:Oxidants / Q000737:chemistry; D010777:Photochemistry; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D012996:Solutions; D014508:Urea / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000097:Acetonitriles; D005295:Ferrocyanides; D007306:Insecticides; D016877:Oxidants; D012996:Solutions; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; D014508:Urea; D001554:Benzene; C032159:acetonitrile