title: Behavior of CAL72 osteoblast-like cells cultured on zirconia ceramics with different surface topographies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Because of its inherent strength, biocompatibility, and tooth-like color, zirconia ceramics have the potential to become an alternative to titanium as dental implant material. This study aimed at investigating the osteoblastic response to yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) with different surface topographies.
  
  
  METHODS
  CAL72 osteoblast-like cells were cultured on machined (TZP-m), airborne particle abraded (TZP-s), and airborne particle abraded and acid-etched Y-TZP (TZP-sa) surfaces. Polystyrene and airborne particle abraded with large grit and acid-etched (SLA) titanium served as a reference control. The surface topography was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and profilometry. At culture days 3, 6, and 12, cell proliferation, at day 12 cell morphology, and cell-covered surface area were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The surface roughness of Y-TZP was increased by airborne particle abrasion and additionally by acid etching. No statistically significant differences were found between average roughness (R(a)) and maximum peak-to-valley height (R(p-v)) values of airborne particle abraded and acid-etched Y-TZP and SLA titanium. Whereas the cell proliferation assay revealed statistically significant greater values at day 3 for surface-treated Y-TZP and polystyrene cultures as compared with machined Y-TZP, no differences between the Y-TZP groups, SLA titanium, and polystyrene were observed at culture days 6 and 12.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cell morphology and cell-covered surface area were not affected by the type of substrate. The results suggest that roughened Y-TZP is an appropriate substrate for the proliferation and spreading of osteoblastic cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. maria.baechle-haas@uniklinik-freiburg.de
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bächle
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Butz
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hübner
authors.forename: Emmanouil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bakalinis
authors.forename: Ralf J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Kohal
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D020906:Air Abrasion, Dental; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D048430:Cell Shape; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology*; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D015019:Yttrium / Q000737:chemistry*; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003764:Dental Materials; D011137:Polystyrenes; C499362:yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia; D015019:Yttrium; D015040:Zirconium; D014025:Titanium