title: Back or neck-pain-related disability of nursing staff in hospitals, nursing homes and home care in seven countries--results from the European NEXT-Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Musculoskeletal disorders are a widespread affliction in the nursing profession. Back or neck-pain-related disability of nursing staff is mainly attributed to physical and psychosocial risk factors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate which-and to what extent-physical and psychosocial risk factors are associated with neck/back-pain-related disability in nursing, and to assess the role of the type of health care institution (hospitals, nursing homes and home care institutions) within different countries in this problem.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional secondary analysis of multinational data of nurses and auxiliary staff in hospitals (n=16,770), nursing homes (n=2140) and home care institutions (n=2606) in seven countries from the European NEXT-Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multinomial logistic regression analysis with raw models for each factor and mutually adjusted with all analysed variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of the pooled data revealed effort-reward imbalance as the predominant risk factor for disability in all settings (odds ratios for high disability by effort-reward ratio: hospital 5.05 [4.30-5.93]; nursing home 6.52 [4.04-10.52] and home care 6.4 [3.83-10.70] [after mutual adjustment of psychosocial and physical risk factors]). In contrast, physical exposure to lifting and bending showed only limited associations with odds ratios below 1.6; the availability and use of lifting aids was-after mutual adjustment-not or only marginally associated with disability. These findings were basically confirmed in separate analyses for all seven countries and types of institutions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings show a pronounced association between psychosocial factors and back or neck-pain-related disability. Further research should consider psychosocial factors and should take the setting where nurses work into account.
authors.affiliation: Department of Safety Engineering, Section of Occupational Safety & Ergonomics, University of Wuppertal, Germany. sinext@uni-wuppertal.de
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tackenberg
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nienhaus
authors.forename: Madeleine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Estryn-Behar
authors.forename: Paul Maurice
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Conway
authors.forename: H-M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Hasselhorn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001416:Back Pain / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006699:Home Care Services; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D017770:Lifting / Q000009:adverse effects; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D009735:Nursing Homes; D015399:Nursing Research; D009740:Nursing Staff / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000523:psychology; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011159:Population Surveillance; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D016526:Workload / Q000706:statistics & numerical data