title: Fulminant type 1 diabetes as a high risk group for diabetic microangiopathy--a nationwide 5-year-study in Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to assess the development of microangiopathy in patients with fulminant type 1 diabetes, a novel subtype of type 1B diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a nationwide survey, we followed 41 patients with fulminant type 1 diabetes and 76 age- and sex-matched patients with type 1A diabetes for 5 years. The following data were recorded every 12 months after the onset of diabetes: seven-point blood glucose concentrations, HbA1c level, urinary albumin excretion, serum C-peptide level, blood pressure, daily dosages of insulin, frequency of severe hypoglycaemic episodes, and neurological and fundoscopic examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 5-year cumulative incidence of microangiopathy was 24.4% in fulminant type 1 diabetes and 2.6% in type 1A diabetes. In longitudinal studies using the Kaplan-Meier method, the cumulative incidence of each form of microangiopathy was significantly higher in fulminant type 1 diabetes than in type 1A diabetes; retinopathy was 9.8% vs 0% (p=0.014), nephropathy 12.2% vs 2.6% (p=0.015) and neuropathy 12.2% vs 1.3% (p=0.010), respectively. Mean HbA1c levels were similar in the fulminant and type 1A diabetes groups during the follow-up periods. However, the mean M-value, mean insulin dosages and the frequency of severe hypoglycaemic episodes were significantly higher, and the mean postprandial C-peptide level was significantly lower in the fulminant type 1 diabetes group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that patients with fulminant type 1 diabetes are a high-risk subgroup for diabetic microangiopathy associated with the lack of endogenous insulin secretion from the onset of diabetes.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, and Department of Metabolism/Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Nagasaki University Hospital of Medicine and Dentistry, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murase
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Imagawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hanafusa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwahashi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uchigata
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kanatsuka
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Makino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000453:epidemiology; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000453:epidemiology; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors