title: Smoking is associated with urinary albumin excretion: an evaluation of premenopausal patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: Cigarette smoking and an increase in urinary albumin excretion are associated with high mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We tested the hypothesis that the presence of a smoking habit correlates with increased urinary albumin excretion in premenopausal Japanese women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study consisted of 20 premenopausal Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the current-smokers group (age, 45 +/- 4 years, mean +/- SD). The control group consisted of 35 age-matched never-smoker patients (age, 45 +/- 5 years). Serum triglyceride levels were higher and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were lower in the current-smokers group than in the never-smokers group (P < .05 and P < .01, respectively). Furthermore, fasting plasma insulin concentrations and the homeostasis model assessment index were higher in the current-smokers group than in the never-smokers group (P < .005 and P < .001, respectively). Urinary albumin excretion also was higher in the current-smokers group than in the never-smokers group (P < .0001). Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that urinary albumin excretion is independently associated with current smoking in Japanese premenopausal with type 2 diabetes mellitus (odds ratio, 1.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-3.87; P < .01). The results of this study show that current smoking is associated with an increased level of urinary albumin excretion, suggesting that smoking was a risk factor in the development of increased urinary albumin excretion in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Science, Oita University, Oita, Japan. anan-f@med.oita-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Futoshi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Anan
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masaki
authors.forename: Naohiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Mikiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yonemochi
authors.forename: Nobuoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Eshima
authors.forename: Tetsunori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saikawa
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshimatsu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000418:Albumins / Q000378:metabolism*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D017697:Premenopause / Q000378:metabolism*; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008055:Lipids