title: Stromelysin-3 over-expression enhances tumourigenesis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines: involvement of the IGF-1 signalling pathway.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stromelysin-3 (ST-3) is over-expressed in the majority of human carcinomas including breast carcinoma. Due to its known effect in promoting tumour formation, but its impeding effect on metastasis, a dual role of ST-3 in tumour progression, depending on the cellular grade of dedifferentiation, was hypothesized.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study was designed to investigate the influence of ST-3 in vivo and in vitro on the oestrogen-dependent, non-invasive MCF-7 breast carcinoma cell line as well as on the oestrogen-independent, invasive MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cell line. Therefore an orthotopic human xenograft tumour model in nude mice, as well as a 3D matrigel cell culture system, were employed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using both in vitro and in vivo techniques, we have demonstrated that over-expression of ST-3 in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells leads to both increased cell numbers and tumour volumes. This observation was dependent upon the presence of growth factors. In particular, the enhanced proliferative capacity was in MCF-7/ST-3 completely and in MDA-MB-231/ST-3 cells partially dependent on the IGF-1 signalling pathway. Microarray analysis of ST-3 over-expressing cells revealed that in addition to cell proliferation, further biological processes seemed to be affected, such as cell motility and stress response. The MAPK-pathway as well as the Wnt and PI3-kinase pathways, appear to also play a potential role. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that breast cancer cell lines of different differentiation status, as well as the non-tumourigenic cell line MCF-10A, have a comparable capability to induce endogenous ST-3 expression in fibroblasts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data reveal that ST-3 is capable of enhancing tumourigenesis in highly differentiated "early stage" breast cancer cell lines as well as in further progressed breast cancer cell lines that have already undergone epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We propose that ST-3 induction in tumour fibroblasts leads to the stimulation of the IGF-1R pathway in carcinoma cells, thus enhancing their proliferative capacity. In addition, further different cellular processes seem to be activated by ST-3, possibly accounting for the dual role of ST-3 in tumour progression and metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Research Center Berlin, Charité--Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Grit.Kasper@charite.de
authors.forename: Grit
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kasper
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reule
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tschirschmann
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dankert
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stout-Weider
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lauster
authors.forename: Evelin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schrock
authors.forename: Detlev
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mennerich
authors.forename: Georg N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Duda
authors.forename: Kerstin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Lehmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D018450:Disease Progression; D004967:Estrogens / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053507:Matrix Metalloproteinase 11 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000503:physiopathology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; C511771:MMP11 protein, human; D053507:Matrix Metalloproteinase 11