title: Lack of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha impairs midbrain neural precursor cells involving vascular endothelial growth factor signaling.
abstract: Oxygen tension is critical for proliferation of human and murine midbrain-derived neural precursor cells (mNPCs). Here, we conditionally inactivated the hypoxia-responsive transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) in murine NPCs to determine its role in proliferation, survival, and dopaminergic differentiation in vitro as well as survival of murine dopaminergic neurons in vivo. HIF-1alpha conditional knock-out (HIF-1alpha CKO) mNPCs showed midbrain-specific impairment of survival and proliferation. Dopaminergic differentiation of HIF-1alpha CKO mNPCs in vitro was markedly reduced. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA was reduced in HIF-1alpha CKO mNPCs, whereas erythropoietin signaling was not affected. Treatment of HIF-1alpha CKO mNPCs with 50 ng/ml VEGF partially recovered proliferation and dopaminergic differentiation in vitro. In substantia nigra (SN) of adult HIF-1alpha CKO mice, protein levels of dopaminergic marker molecules such as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase were reduced by 41 and 61%, respectively. The cell survival marker Bcl-2 was reduced by 58% while caspase-3 was activated. Nonbiased stereological cell counts of TH-positive neurons in SN of young adult HIF-1alpha CKO mice revealed a reduction of 31% compared with cre/wt mice (in which the wild-type Hif1a allele is expressed in parallel with the Cre recombinase allele). However, we found no impairment of striatal dopamine concentrations or locomotor behavior. In conclusion, HIF-1alpha seems to be a transcription factor relevant to the development and survival of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons involving VEGF signaling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. javorina.milosevic@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
authors.forename: Javorina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Milosevic
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maisel
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wegner
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leuchtenberger
authors.forename: Roland H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Wenger
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gerlach
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Storch
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schwarz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D004298:Dopamine