title: Assessing risk for imminent violence in the elderly: the Brøset Violence Checklist.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Brøset Violence Checklist (BVC) assesses confusion, irritability, boisterousness, verbal threats, physical threats and attacks on objects as either present or absent. It is hypothesised that an individual displaying two or more of these behaviours is more likely to be violent in the next twenty-four hour period. This study aims to test the validity of the instrument in geriatric settings and to report on the predictive value of an easy-to-use risk assessment instrument.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight thousand eight hundred and thirty-five BVC observations were completed in two psychogeriatric wards (n = 42 patients) and two special care units for patients with dementia (n = 40 residents). To measure violent incidents the study group was monitored using the Staff Observation Aggression Scale-Revised (SOAS-R).
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study disclosed that patients in geriatric wards and residents in nursing homes who are aggressive have higher BVC scores than the non-violent subjects indicating that the BVC does predict violent episodes in these settings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From a clinical perspective, it is most important that a prediction aid has good sensitivity, so that most cases are detected and have a high negative predictive value so that most non-cases on the measure are indeed non-cases. Our results indicate that the BVC was able to achieve this goal.
authors.affiliation: St Olav's University Hospital, Forensic department Brøset, Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Trondheim, Norway. roger.almvik@ntnu.no
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Almvik
authors.forename: Phil
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000374:Aggression; D019540:Area Under Curve; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003221:Confusion; D003704:Dementia / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014705:Verbal Behavior; D014754:Violence