I. Genotype-environment interaction in the schizophrenia spectrum: genetic liability and global family ratings in the Finnish Adoption Study.
In the Finnish Adoption Study, a national sample of adoptees with high versus low genetic liability for schizophrenia spectrum disorders was indexed by DSM-III-R diagnoses of their biological, adopting-away mothers. The rearing-family environments of the adoptees were independently evaluated from global ratings of directly observed adoptive family relationships. The interaction of high genetic liability and dysfunction of the rearing families predicted highly significantly to schizophrenia spectrum disorder of the adoptees at 21-year follow-up. Either low genetic liability or healthy rearing protected against a spectrum outcomes for the adoptees. Initial adoptive parent diagnosis, as a proxy for rearing family dysfunction, predicted to adoptee outcome only as a trend.
Wynne
Lyman C
LC
Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA.
Tienari
Pekka
P
Nieminen
P
P
Sorri
Anneli
A
Lahti
Ilpo
I
Moring
Juha
J
Naarala
Mikko
M
Läksy
Kristian
K
Wahlberg
Karl-Erik
KE
Miettunen
J
J
D000300:Adoption / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002668:Child Rearing / Q000523:psychology*; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents; D004777:Environment; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008950:MMPI; D009035:Mothers; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012931:Social Environment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires