title: [Polypharmacy, compliance and non-prescription medication in patients with cardiovascular disease in Germany].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The expenses of health insurances are continuously raising. With implementation of evidence-based medicine resulting in polypharmacy, compliance is decreasing and patients as well as physicians are facing unintentional drug interactions. Furthermore the arbitrary use of additional drugs apart from prescribed medication has to be considered. The objective of this study was to analyse polypharmacy, compliance and utilisation patterns for non-prescription medications (OTC) in patients with cardiovascular diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  100 patients with cardiovascular diseases (45 women, 55 men, 58 - 87 years) were interviewed using a questionnaire. The compliance was determined by the Morisky-Score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  78 % of the patients received more than four pills every day (median 8.34). Most common products were beta-blockers (89 %), ACE-Inhibitors/Sartans (69 %) and aspirin (65 %). Only 52 % of the patients knew the indications of their medication. Although 83 % of the patients claimed to be absolutely compliant concerning their medication, the Morisky-Score revealed a high compliance only in 52 %. The compliance decreased significantly if the number of prescribed medication increased to more than four pills a day. 48 % of the patients took regularly non-prescription products, 35 % more than three additional products daily. Most commonly multivitamins, minerals, herbals and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were used. This non-prescription medication did not affect the compliance of the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polypharmacy with more than four pills daily leads to a lower compliance and can therefore influence the implementation of guideline-medicine. Non-prescription medication is widely used and should be considered because of their potential side-effects and drug interactions.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik III der Universität zu Köln.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rottlaender
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scherner
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Erdmann
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008903:Minerals / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019338:Polypharmacy; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D008903:Minerals; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D014815:Vitamins; D001241:Aspirin