title: Effects of systemic or topical administration of sodium selenite on early radiation effects in mouse oral mucosa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify the effect of sodium selenite (selenium) on radiation-induced oral mucositis (mouse) after subcutaneous or topical administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mucosal ulceration of the lower epithelium of mouse tongue was analyzed. Selenium (5 mug) was applied subcutaneously (s.c.) or locally, 60 min or 30 min prior to irradiation, respectively. In combination with single-dose irradiation, a single selenium application was given. With daily fractionated irradiation (3 Gy/fraction) for 1 week (days 0-4), selenium was administered at all 5 days of irradiation. With ten fractions over 2 weeks, selenium was applied in week 1, week 2, or both. All fractionation protocols were terminated by graded test doses to generate full dose-effect curves.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a single-dose control experiment, the ED(50) (dose after which ulcer induction is expected in 50% of the mice) was 12.9 +/- 1.6 Gy. Selenium increased the ED(50) to 17.7 +/- 2.6 Gy (s.c.; p = 0.0003) and 16.3 +/- 3.0 Gy (local; p = 0.0104). The ED(50) for test irradiation after 5 x 3 Gy was 7.4 +/- 2.2 Gy. Subcutaneous administration of selenium resulted in an ED(50) of 11.5 +/- 2.0 Gy (p = 0.0015), local application yielded an ED(50) of 10.0 +/- 2.1 Gy (p = 0.0284). The ED(50) for test irradiation after 10 x 3 Gy/2 weeks was 8.0 +/- 1.7 Gy. Subcutaneous or local administration of selenium in week 1 yielded a significant increase in ED(50) to 10.5 +/- 1.0 Gy (p = 0.0069) and 10.7 +/- 1.0 Gy (p = 0.0039), respectively. By clear contrast, selenium administration in week 2 had no significant effect. Administration in both weeks resulted in an ED(50) of 9.1 +/- 2.0 Gy (s.c.; p = 0.2747) and 9.7 +/- 1.4 Gy (local; p = 0.0541).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administration of sodium selenite during clinically relevant fractionated irradiation protocols has a significant effect during the initial treatment phase, i.e., week 1 in the mouse. Therefore, in clinical radiotherapy, the latent time to manifestation of confluent mucositis may be significantly prolonged, and hence the burden for the patient clearly reduced by selenium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gehrisch
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dörr
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018038:Sodium Selenite / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; D018038:Sodium Selenite