title: Histological and mechanical evaluation of self-setting calcium phosphate cements in a sheep vertebral bone void model.
abstract: We investigated the histological and compressive properties of three different calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) using a sheep vertebral bone void model. One of the CPCs contained barium sulfate to enhance its radiopacity. Bone voids were surgically created in the lumbar region of 23 ovine spines - L3, L4, and L5 (n = 69 total vertebral bodies) - and the voids were filled with one of the three CPCs. A fourth group consisted of whole intact vertebrae. Histologic evaluation was performed for 30 of the 69 vertebrae 2 or 4 months after surgery along with radiographic evaluation. Compressive testing was performed on 39 vertebrae 4 months after surgery along with micro-CT analysis. All three CPCs were biocompatible and extremely osteoconductive. Osteoclasts associated with adjacent bone formation suggest that each cement can undergo slow resorption and replacement by bone and bone marrow. Compressive testing did not reveal a significant difference in the ultimate strength, ultimate strain, and structural modulus, among the three CPCs and intact whole vertebrae. Micro-CT analysis revealed good osseointegration between all three CPCs and adjacent bone. The barium sulfate did not affect the CPCs biocompatibility or mechanical properties. These results suggest that CPC might be a good alternative to polymethylmethacrylate for selected indications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomic Pathology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Villarraga
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schwardt
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wenz
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Togawa
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujishiro
authors.forename: A Simon
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Howard B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Seim
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Bauer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019245:Compressive Strength; D023421:Models, Animal; D034561:Sheep, Domestic; D013131:Spine / Q000166:cytology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C020243:calcium phosphate