title: In vivo optical coherence tomography of basal cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a promising non-invasive imaging technique that has not systematically been studied in skin cancer such as basal cell carcinoma (BCC).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed, first, to describe the in vivo histologic features of BCC by using OCT, and second, to find out whether it is possible to differentiate BCC subtypes by means of OCT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prior to the excision, the BCCs (n=43) as well as adjacent non-lesional skin sites were assessed by OCT in vivo. The lesional area of interest was marked prior to OCT and tattooed after excision, respectively, in order to enable topographical concordance between the cross-sectional OCT images and the histologic sections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to non-lesional skin, a loss of normal skin architecture and disarrangement of the epidermis and upper dermis was observed in the OCT images of BCCs. Features that were frequently identified by OCT and correlated with histology included large plug-like signal-intense structures, honeycomb-like signal-free structures, and prominent signal free cavities in the upper dermis. With regard to the aforementioned OCT features, no statistically significant (P<0.05) difference was found between nodular, multifocal superficial, and infiltrative BCCs, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OCT is capable to visualize altered skin architecture and histopathological correlates of BCC. However, there is not at this time sufficient data supporting the clinical use of OCT for the differentiation of BCC subtypes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany. t.gambichler@klinikum-bochum.de
authors.forename: Thilo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gambichler
authors.forename: Alexej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orlikov
authors.forename: Remus
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vasa
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moussa
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stücker
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Altmeyer
authors.forename: Falk G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Bechara
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D020405:Dermis / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004817:Epidermis / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence