title: Bone formation after sinus augmentation with engineered bone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the following investigation was to quantify the resorption rate of tissue-engineered bone grafts in the maxillary sinus using volume measurements.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sinus floor augmentation using autologous bone grafts from the iliac crest (n=17, group 1) was compared with commercially produced transplants of human cells seeded on polyglycolid-polylactid (PLGA) scaffolds (Oral Bone) (n=14, group 2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total resorption rate for autologous transplants 3 months post operation was 29%, while the tissue-engineered bone showed a resorption rate of 90%. The autologous bone had a bone density of up to 266-551 Hounsfield units (HU), while sufficient mineralization of tissue-engineered bone was found in only one case (152 HU).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this clinical study, the use of autologous cancellous bone grafts in sinus augmentation was more reliable than scaffolds containing cultured osteoblasts. Further tissue-engineered bone transplants should be examined to draw general conclusions about the use of tissue-engineered grafts compared with autologous bone grafts for maxillary sinus augmentation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. c.zizelmann@gmx.de
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zizelmann
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schoen
authors.forename: Marc Christian
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Metzger
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schmelzeisen
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schramm
authors.forename: Britta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dott
authors.forename: Kai-Hendrik
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Bormann
authors.forename: Nils Claudius
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Gellrich
mesh_terms: D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000473:pathology; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods* / Q000473:pathology; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D015921:Dental Implants; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000637:transplantation; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011108:Polymers; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015921:Dental Implants; D011108:Polymers; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid