title: Mortality patterns among very preterm babies: a comparative analysis of two European regions in France and England.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the differences in outcome of very preterm pregnancies between two geographically defined populations in Europe with similar socioeconomic characteristics and healthcare provision but different organisational arrangements for perinatal care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nord Pas-de-Calais (NPC), France, and Trent, UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  All pregnancy outcomes 22(+0) to 32(+6) weeks' gestational age for resident mothers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mortality patterns (antepartum death, intrapartum death, labour ward death and neonatal unit death) among very preterm babies were analysed by region. Multinomial logistic regression was used to model regional differences for a variety of pregnancy outcomes and to adjust for regional differences in the organisation of perinatal care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Delivery of very preterm infants was significantly higher in Trent compared with NPC (1.9% v 1.5% of all births, respectively (p<0.001)). Stillbirth rate was significantly higher in NPC than in Trent (23.0%, 95% CI 20.0% to 26.5% v 14.4%, 95% CI 12.3% to 16.6%, respectively (p<0.001)) and survival to discharge was higher in Trent than in NPC (74.6%, 95% CI 71.9% to 77.1% v 66.7%, 95% CI 63.3% to 69.9%, respectively (p<0.001)). Probability of intrapartum and labour ward death in NPC was more than five times higher than Trent (relative risk 5.3, 95% CI 2.2 to 13.1 (p<0.001)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high rate of very preterm deliveries and the larger proportion of these infants recorded as live born in Trent appear to be the cause of the excess neonatal mortality seen in the routine statistics. Information about very preterm babies (not usually included in routine statistics) is vital to avoid inappropriate interpretation of international perinatal and infant data. This study highlights the importance of including deaths before transfer to neonatal care and emphasises the need to include the outcome of all pregnancies in a population in any comparative analysis.
authors.affiliation: Reader in Perinatal and Paediatric Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, 22-28 Princess Road West, Leicester, UK. msn@leicester.ac.uk
authors.forename: Elizabeth S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Draper
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zeitlin
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Field
authors.forename: Bradley N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Manktelow
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Truffert
mesh_terms: D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D005865:Gestational Age; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D015931:Intensive Care, Neonatal / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D050497:Stillbirth / Q000453:epidemiology