title: Cytoprotective agent in Lactobacillus bulgaricus extracts.
abstract: Adenosine 5'-diphosphoribose (ADP-ribose) has been identified as a significant contributor to the anti-cytotoxic activity of Lactobacillus bulgaricus extracts. Although the biological activities associated with the administration of probiotic bacteria and components thereof are sometimes attributed to the peptidoglycans that comprise a substantial portion of the Gram-positive bacterial cell wall, we found that the beta-nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NAD) hydrolysis product ADP-ribose was a significant contributor to the observed anti-cytotoxicity in our L. bulgaricus extracts. The ADP-ribose was isolated, identified, and quantitated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. ADP-ribose levels as low as 5 mg/L exhibited a measurable inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) mediated cytotoxicity in an in vitro cell assay, whereas the ADP-ribose content of the L. bulgaricus extracts often exceeded 5 mg/g dry weight.
authors.affiliation: Abbott Laboratories, Ross Products Division, Columbus, Ohio 43219, USA. paul.johns@abbott.com
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Johns
authors.forename: Suzette L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Amanda E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.forename: Pradip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mukerji
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Shalwitz
authors.forename: Lobat
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dowlati
authors.forename: Rosalyn R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Marti S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Bergana
authors.forename: Jason D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Holton
authors.forename: Tapas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Das
mesh_terms: D000246:Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000633:toxicity; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000378:metabolism*; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D019936:Probiotics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000246:Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; D003513:Cycloheximide