title: Induction of oxidative stress by sunflower phytotoxins in germinating mustard seeds.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the phytotoxic effect of sunflower on physiological and biochemical processes during germination of mustard seeds (Sinapis alba L. cv. Nakielska). To exclude the involvement of osmotic stress in seed reaction to phytotoxic compounds, we compared the effect of 10% (w/v) water extract from sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. cv. Ogrodowy) leaves and 28.4% (w/v) polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000 solution characterized by an equal Psi = -1 MPa. We evaluated (1) the amount of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2); (2) activities of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase; (3) membrane permeability; and (4) level of malondialdehyde (MDA). Both, sunflower compounds and PEG solutions inhibited mustard seed germination, but only phytotoxins caused an increase in the cell membrane permeability, MDA level, H2O2 concentration, and alterations in activities of antioxidant enzymes. Our results demonstrate that despite the activation of the antioxidant system by sunflower phytotoxins, reactive oxygen species accumulation caused cellular damage, which resulted in the decrease of germinability and gradual loss of seed vigor. It seems that the negative effect of sunflower on germination of mustard seeds is mostly because of its toxicity and not to its contribution to osmotic potential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw Agricultural University, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Krystyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oracz
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bailly
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gniazdowska
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Côme
authors.forename: Francoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Corbineau
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bogatek
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000378:metabolism; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006368:Helianthus / Q000737:chemistry*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009149:Mustard Plant / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014118:Toxins, Biological / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004573:Electrolytes; D014118:Toxins, Biological; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase