title: Dose-dense chemotherapy for primary breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dose density is a relative term referring to the administration frequency of chemotherapy drugs and regimens compared with standard regimens. The concept of dose-dense chemotherapy is based on the hypothesis that maximal chemotherapy effectiveness can be achieved by scheduling the interval of chemotherapy to correspond to the period of most rapid tumor growth. The present paper aims to outline the theoretical framework for dose-dense chemotherapy and to review recent clinical trials addressing this concept within adjuvant breast cancer treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Several randomized trials have been conducted to test the feasibility and effectiveness of anthracycline and/or taxanes-based dose-dense strategies. They demonstrate that using hematopoietic growth factor support has made dose-dense therapy safe and feasible. Dose-dense strategies have been associated with a modest impact on disease recurrence and overall survival of patients with early-stage breast cancer. Subset analyses suggest increased benefits for specific tumor subtypes such as hormone receptor-negative, highly proliferative or HER2 overexpressing tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Trials in unselected patients with early-stage breast cancer have demonstrated promising results for dose-dense chemotherapy. Further studies are needed to define the optimal regimen and the patient population that will receive the greatest benefit from this therapy.
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Essen, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Essen, Germany. sherko.kuemmel@uk-essen.de
authors.forename: Sherko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kümmel
authors.forename: Mahdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rezai
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kimmig
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schmid
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000379:methods; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D016298:Hematopoietic Cell Growth Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016298:Hematopoietic Cell Growth Factors