title: Oral controlled-release formulation in veterinary medicine.
abstract: The development of controlled-release dosage forms (CRDFs) is highly desirable both from a convenience and compliance perspective. Furthermore, these formulations release drugs at a prescribed rate, leading to relatively constant blood drug concentrations or to pulse dosing. Another benefit is the ability to administer medications in infrequent regimens. For example, antimicrobial agents generally require very frequent administration regimens. In recent years, the pharmaceutical industry has realized the potential of this treatment modality and efforts have been made to develop a variety of CRDFs exclusively for veterinary use. While there are a number of controlled-release products available for veterinary applications, only a limited number of therapeutic niches (such as the application of antiparasitic drugs in cattle) are associated with products that have been developed as oral controlled-release products. In addition to reviewing potential new therapeutic areas where oral controlled-release products can be applied in veterinary medicine, this article reviews differences in the gastrointestinal tracts of various species and the significance of the dissimilarity in the development of CRDFs. Technological aspects involved in veterinary CRDFs are also assessed.
authors.affiliation: The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel. lavy@agri.huji.ac.il
authors.forename: Eran
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lavy
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steinman
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soback
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D013997:Time Factors; D019155:Veterinary Drugs / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014730:Veterinary Medicine / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D019155:Veterinary Drugs