title: Surgical treatment of severe hallux valgus: the state of practice among academic foot and ankle surgeons.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the operative procedures used for treatment of severe hallux valgus by academic foot and ankle surgeons practicing in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  A patient with severe hallux valgus deformity was developed as a hypothetical case: a 50-year-old woman with a severe deformity (intermetatarsal angle = 20 degrees; hallux valgus angle = 42 degrees). The patient was symptomatic with pain, did not improve with conservative measures, and wanted the deformity corrected. This case was sent to academic foot and ankle surgeons in a survey to determine their preferred operative treatment for this case. The overall response rate was 84% (128 of 153). To be included in the study group each surgeon had to have 1) foot and ankle patients comprising 50% or more of his clinical practice and 2) direct responsibility for teaching orthopaedic residents. One hundred and five respondents met the inclusion criteria and formed the study group; however, three surveys with invalid responses were deleted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-two percent (54 of 102) of the respondents chose a metatarsal osteotomy, 26% (26 of 102) a first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint arthrodesis, and 24% (24 of 102) a Lapidus procedure. Two respondents chose both an arthrodesis and a metatarsal osteotomy. Among the 54 respondents who chose metatarsal osteotomies, 24 used a Ludloff, 16 a proximal crescentic, eight a proximal chevron, two a scarf, two a distal chevron, and two other. In addition, secondary procedures to enhance the correction included a Weil osteotomy in 46% (47 of 102) and an Akin osteotomy in 30% (31 of 102).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a wide variation in the type of procedure used to correct this severe hallux valgus deformity; approximately 50% of the respondents chose a metatarsal osteotomy, 25% chose a first MTP joint arthrodesis, and 25% a Lapidus procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, CA 94305-5341, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Pinney
authors.forename: Kyle R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Loretta B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Chou
mesh_terms: D003625:Data Collection; D005180:Faculty, Medical; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000601:surgery; D006215:Hallux Valgus / Q000145:classification / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008682:Metatarsal Bones / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009985:Orthopedics; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014481:United States