title: Genome sequence and analysis of the soil cellulolytic actinomycete Thermobifida fusca YX.
abstract: Thermobifida fusca is a moderately thermophilic soil bacterium that belongs to Actinobacteria. It is a major degrader of plant cell walls and has been used as a model organism for the study of secreted, thermostable cellulases. The complete genome sequence showed that T. fusca has a single circular chromosome of 3,642,249 bp predicted to encode 3,117 proteins and 65 RNA species with a coding density of 85%. Genome analysis revealed the existence of 29 putative glycoside hydrolases in addition to the previously identified cellulases and xylanases. The glycosyl hydrolases include enzymes predicted to exhibit mainly dextran/starch- and xylan-degrading functions. T. fusca possesses two protein secretion systems: the sec general secretion system and the twin-arginine translocation system. Several of the secreted cellulases have sequence signatures indicating their secretion may be mediated by the twin-arginine translocation system. T. fusca has extensive transport systems for import of carbohydrates coupled to transcriptional regulators controlling the expression of the transporters and glycosylhydrolases. In addition to providing an overview of the physiology of a soil actinomycete, this study presents insights on the transcriptional regulation and secretion of cellulases which may facilitate the industrial exploitation of these systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Dr., Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA. alykidis@lbl.gov
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lykidis
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mavromatis
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ivanova
authors.forename: Iain
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Land
authors.forename: Genevieve
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: DiBartolo
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Alla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lapidus
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Copeland
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Nikos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kyrpides
mesh_terms: D000192:Actinomycetales / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D044602:Cellulases / Q000378:metabolism; D002482:Cellulose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D023281:Genomics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002482:Cellulose; D044602:Cellulases