title: Influence of positive family history on clinical characteristics of functional constipation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We observed that there is familial aggregation in patients with functional constipation. Their clinical characteristics have not been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with functional constipation with and without a positive family history.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with functional constipation satisfying Rome II criteria were recruited. A Rome II questionnaire on constipation was given to the patients' families to identify whether there were any family members with idiopathic constipation. The clinical characteristics between those with and without positive family history were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 118 patients with at least one first-degree relative with idiopathic constipation and 114 patients without a positive family history. The patients in the 2 groups were comparable in mean age (P = .3) and sex distribution (P = .09). Patients with positive family history had a younger age of onset (median, 11-20 years vs 21-30 years, P < .0001); longer duration of constipation (20 +/- 14 vs 15 +/- 13, P = .016); more complications, eg, symptomatic hemorrhoids, anal fissure, and rectal prolapse (54.2% vs 40.4%, P = .034); less precipitating factors leading to the onset of constipation (35.6% vs 49.1%, P = .037); more frequent use of digital evacuation (27.1% vs 13.2%, P = .008), but no difference in the association with psychological disorders (P = .3); transit time (P = .5); or manometric dyssynergia (P = .5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with idiopathic constipation and with a positive family history exhibited different clinical characteristics. This might be related to the early age of onset of the symptoms, which might, in turn, give clues to the underlying etiology.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong. aoochan@hku.hk
authors.forename: Annie On On
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Kwok Fai
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Wai Mo
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.forename: Gigi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Nina Y H
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Shiu Kum
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Benjamin C Y
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003248:Constipation / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008487:Medical History Taking; D008875:Middle Aged; D015985:Precipitating Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires