title: The experience of long-term diagnosis with human immunodeficiency virus: a stimulus to clinical eupraxia and person-centred medicine.
abstract: The biopsychosocial challenges of living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have changed over time and they dictate the need for relevant medical services. The meaning of an HIV diagnosis has moved from a terminal to a manageable condition with the development of antiretrovirals, bringing profound changes to the experience of living with HIV and the meaning and use of diagnostic labels. Six biological stage-related categories in the literature of psychological medicine of HIV are critiqued. Long-term HIV highlights the inadequacy of physician-centred, acute-care medicine in chronic illness and its exclusion of preventive, psychological and rehabilitative modalities. 'Eupraxia' is presented as a conceptual framework for chronic care medicine, referring to best practice, wellbeing, best interests, and (public) welfare, through facilitated but collaborative approaches. A public-centred service model is proposed, using idiographic assessment and treatment by clinicians as patient delegates (proxies), monitoring joined-up care, providing group-based biopsychosocial treatment, facilitating autonomous and self-managing behaviour by the public, removing professional and practice hierarchies, and implementing real-time clinical and managerial accountability with public ownership and involvement. This model is superior in its health-and cost-effectiveness but can only work within a nationalized system that focuses equally on standardized outcomes and evidential and personalized health outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Health Psychology Research Centre, School of Human and Life Sciences, Roehampton University, Whitelands College, Holybourne Avenue, London SW15 4JD, UK. email@eupraxia.edu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Whitaker
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vögele
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McSherry
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Goldstein
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents