title: Urinary albumin excretion and the risk of graft loss and death in proteinuric and non-proteinuric renal transplant recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria constitute risk factors for ESRD and death in non-transplanted populations. Whether microalbuminuria (especially in non-proteinuric patients) and macroalbuminuria constitute risk factors for graft loss and death is presently unknown in renal transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively assessed the association between urinary albumin excretion (UAE) and ESRD and death in renal transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  UAE was measured in 616 (397 proteinuric; 219 non-proteinuric patients) renal transplant recipients. They were grafted for 62 months (range: 6-192). During the 40 months (3.7-99) thereafter, 31 patients underwent dialysis and 32 died. Microalbuminuria (vs. normoalbuminuria) and macroalbuminuria (vs. microalbuminuria) were powerful risk factors for graft loss [OR: 14.25 (2.88-52.3) and 16.41 (7.46-36.0), respectively, both p < 0.0001], even after adjustments on renal function and diabetes. Among the 219 non-proteinuric patients, microalbuminuria (vs. normoalbuminuria) was a significant risk factor for graft loss [OR: 23.09 (1.93-276.4), p = 0.0132]. Both microalbuminuria (vs. normoalbuminuria) [OR: 5.55 (2.43-12.66), p < 0.0001] and macroalbuminuria (vs. microalbuminuria) [OR: 4.12 (1.65-10.29), p = 0.0024] were predictive of death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria are powerful independent predictors of ESRD and death. Microalbuminuria is a risk factor for graft loss even in non-proteinuric patients. UAE provides additional information on renal and patient prognosis as compared to proteinuria and renal function.
authors.affiliation: François Rabelais University, Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, CHU Tours, Tours, France. halimi@med.univ-tours.fr
authors.forename: J-M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Halimi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buchler
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Najjar
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Laouad
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chatelet
authors.forename: J-F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Marlière
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nivet
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lebranchu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000175:diagnosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk