title: Symptom experience and emotional distress after traumatic brain injury.
abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is unexpected and affects nearly 1.5 million Americans annually. Many with seemingly minor injuries incur long-lasting symptoms without clear explanation. This study examined the symptom experience and emotional response of persons with mild-to-moderate TBI and was guided by the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) symptom management model. Using a cross-sectional design with persons recruited from outpatient rehabilitation settings, we found a positive and significant relationship between postinjury symptom frequency and tension/anxiety, anger/hostility and perceived chronic stress, implying a need to understand these relationships over time in order to implement symptom management strategies.
authors.affiliation: Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA. baye@msu.edu
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bay
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bergman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004644:Emotions; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D013312:Stress, Physiological