title: Auricular acupuncture for pain relief after ambulatory knee surgery: a randomized trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Auricular acupuncture is a promising method for postoperative pain relief. However, there is no evidence for its use after ambulatory surgery. Our aim was to test whether auricular acupuncture is better than invasive needle control for complementary analgesia after ambulatory knee surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty patients undergoing ambulatory arthroscopic knee surgery under standardized general anesthesia were randomly assigned to receive auricular acupuncture or a control procedure. Fixed indwelling acupuncture needles were inserted before surgery and retained in situ until the following morning. Postoperative rescue analgesia was directed to achieve pain intensity less than 40 mm on a 100-mm visual analogue scale. The primary outcome measure was the postoperative requirement for ibuprofen between surgery and examination the following morning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intention-to-treat analysis showed that patients from the control group (n = 59) required more ibuprofen than patients from the auricular acupuncture group (n = 61): median (interquartile range) 600 (200-800) v. 200 (0-600) mg (p = 0.012). Pain intensity on a visual analogue scale was similar in both groups at all time points registered. The majority of patients in both groups believed that they had received true acupuncture and wanted to repeat it in future.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Auricular acupuncture reduced the requirement for ibuprofen after ambulatory knee surgery relative to an invasive needle control procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany. taras@uni-greifswald.de
authors.forename: Taras I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Usichenko
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuchling
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Witstruck
authors.forename: Dragan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pavlovic
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zach
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofer
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Merk
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wendt
mesh_terms: D020831:Acupuncture, Ear; D000328:Adult; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007717:Knee / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D007052:Ibuprofen