title: Bone mineral density and hip structural analysis in type 1 diabetic men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The risk of non-vertebral fractures is increased in men with type 1 diabetes (DM1) but studies have shown only moderately decreased or normal bone mineral density (BMD) in these patients. No previous studies have evaluated hip strength and geometry indices in DM1 patients. This study was therefore designed to characterize associations between BMD, dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-based hip strength indices, metabolic control, and DM1chronic complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed on 36 males aged 43.6 +/- 5.1 years with long-lasting DM1 and 36 healthy males matched for age, weight, and height. BMD in lumbar spine, total hip, upper and lower part of the femoral neck, hip axis length, cross-sectional area and moment of inertia (CSMI), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DM1 men had decreased spine BMD (P < 0.05) and normal total hip BMD in comparison with controls. Hip geometry and strength indices were comparable in both groups. However, M1 men had decreased CSMI and upper femur BMD but these differences did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.06). BMD changes and hip strength parameters did not correlate with HbA1c.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Middle-aged DM1 men have decreased lumbar spine BMD, normal hip BMD and normal hip strength indices. These changes are not influenced by metabolic control and presence of chronic microvascular complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland. miazgowski@interia.pl
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miazgowski
authors.forename: Slawomir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pynka
authors.forename: Marzena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noworyta-Zietara
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Krzyzanowska-Swiniarska
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pikul
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000473:pathology; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006615:Hip / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin