title: Roxithromycin inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression through regulating mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and Ets-1 expression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In periodontitis, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are upregulated in response to locally released inflammatory cytokines, resulting in pathologic processes. Roxithromycin is a 14-membered ring macrolide antibiotic with broad-spectrum antibacterial effects against oral pathogens and immunomodulatory effects. Recently, we reported that roxithromycin inhibits tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced vascular endothelial growth factor expression in human periodontal ligament (HPDL) cell cultures. In the present study, we examined the effect of roxithromycin on TNF-alpha-induced MMP-1 production by HPDL cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cultured cells were incubated with 1% fetal bovine serum for 24 h, followed by treatment with 10 ng/ml TNF-alpha, 10 microM roxithromycin, and mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor at various concentrations. Culture supernatants and sediments were collected at different time-points and used for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and northern and western blot analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In HPDL cell cultures, roxithromycin strongly inhibited TNF-alpha-induced MMP-1 mRNA expression and production. The inhibition of MMP-1 gene expression by roxithromycin was dependent on de novo protein synthesis and was regulated at the transcriptional level. Roxithromycin significantly inhibited TNF-alpha-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation (JNP) and marginally inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 activation, but not p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Furthermore, roxithromycin reduced the induction of Ets-1, one of the critical factors in MMP-1 transcription.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Roxithromycin inhibits TNF-alpha-mediated MMP-1 induction through the downregulation of ERK1/2 and JNK activation and the subsequent reduction of Ets-1, suggesting that roxithromycin may have therapeutic use in periodontitis and other chronic inflammatory conditions involving MMP-1 induction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan. oyatohru@dentc.hal.kagoshima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakuta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tokuda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tatsuyama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagaoka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torii
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D008297:Male; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000187:drug effects; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D050784:Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1 / Q000187:drug effects*; D015575:Roxithromycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; C494041:ETS1 protein, human; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D050784:Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015575:Roxithromycin; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases