title: ALY is a common coactivator of RUNX1 and c-Myb on the type B leukemogenic virus enhancer.
abstract: Type B leukemogenic virus (TBLV), a mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) variant, often induces T-cell leukemias and lymphomas by c-myc activation following viral DNA integration. Transfection assays using a c-myc reporter plasmid indicated that the TBLV long terminal repeat (LTR) enhancer is necessary for T-cell-specific increases in basal reporter activity. The sequence requirements for this effect were studied using mutations of the 62-bp enhancer region in an MMTV LTR reporter vector. Deletion of a nuclear factor A-binding site dramatically reduced reporter activity in Jurkat T cells. However, a 41-bp enhancer missing the RUNX1 site still retained minimal enhancer function. DNA affinity purification using a TBLV enhancer oligomer containing the RUNX1 binding site followed by mass spectrometry resulted in the identification of ALY. Subsequent experiments focused on the reconstitution of enhancer activity in epithelial cells. ALY overexpression synergized with RUNX1B on TBLV enhancer activity, and synergism required the RUNX1B-binding site. A predicted c-Myb binding site in the enhancer was confirmed after c-myb overexpression elevated TBLV LTR reporter activity, and overexpression of c-Myb and RUNX1B together showed additive effects on reporter gene levels. ALY also synergized with c-Myb, and coimmunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated an interaction between ALY and c-Myb. These experiments suggest a central role for ALY in T-cell enhancer function and oncogene activation.
authors.affiliation: Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Texas at Austin, One University Station, A5000 24th Street and Speedway, ESB 226, Austin, TX 78712-0162, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mertz
authors.forename: Ryuji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Jaquelin P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Dudley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D050676:Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit / Q000378:metabolism*; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding; D020598:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myb / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C105242:ALYREF protein, human; D050676:Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D020598:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myb; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors