title: [Displacement of the posterior part of the eyeball in myopia].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The principal aim of this study was to investigate displacement of the posterior part of the eyeball within the muscle cone in myopic eyes, particularly in moderately myopic subjects as well as in high myopes. Secondly, the correlation of the amount of displacement and the outer axial length of the globe was studied. The direction of displacement was also examined to clarify whether the eyeball tends to shift toward a certain direction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven patients with moderate myopia (moderate myopia group), fifteen patients with high myopia without esotropia (high myopia group), five patients with high myopia and esotropia (myopic esotropia group), and twenty-two controls (control group) were examined. Using magnetic resonance imaging, the outer axial length and the displacement of the posterior portion of the eyeball in the muscle cone were measured. In order to eliminate interindividual differences in the facial configuration, the coronal scanning was done perpendicularly to the orbital axis. The displacement was measured in a plane 4 mm anterior to the globe-optic nerve junction. The displacement was represented by the distance and direction of the globe center from the center of the muscle cone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the moderate myopia group, there was no displacement of the posterior part of the eyeball in the muscle cone. It was the same as in the control group. But among the three groups, the displacement (mean standard deviation) was significantly greater in the myopic esotropia group (1.53 +/- 0.49 mm) and the high myopia group (0.94 +/- 0.52 mm) than in the control group (0.11 +/- 0.18 mm) (one way ANOVA and multiple comparison). The outer axial length and the distance of the displacement in all cases was significantly correlated (r = 0.87, p = 0.01). Moreover, the posterior part of the eyeball of the myopic esotropia group and the high myopia group was displaced superiorly and temporally.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The posterior part of the eyeball of myopic eyes was displaced superotemporally in the muscle cone regardless of the presence of esotropia, and the amount of displacement was significantly correlated with the outer axial length. The more the eyeball expanded, the farther it was displaced. In the end, it was thought that the most elongated high myopic eyes would dislocate out of the muscle cone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Corporation Ebara Hospital, 4-5-10 Higashi-yukigaya, Oota-ku, Tokyo 145-0065, Japan. akizawa-e@ebara-hp.ota.tokyo.jp
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akizawa
authors.forename: Ida
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Masahiro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005123:Eye / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009216:Myopia / Q000473:pathology*; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index