title: Selenomethionine induced transcriptional programs in human prostate cancer cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We determined the effects of selenomethionine, the major organic selenium containing compound found in the diet and the form of selenium being used in the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial, on prostate cancer cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed global transcript profiles of selenomethionine treated LNCaP using cDNA microarrays and compared them to those of cells treated with methylselenic acid, a direct precursor of methylselenol, which is the active form of selenium in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After treatment with selenomethionine 2,336 unique genes showed expression changes of at least 1.5-fold in at least 3 time points during 48 hours and 366 unique transcripts differed significantly between selenomethionine and methylselenic acid treated LNCaP. Approximately half of the 76 cell cycle regulated genes affected by selenomethionine were down-regulated and enriched for genes associated with the G2/M phase. Flow cytometry analysis showed that selenomethionine induced G2/M arrest in LNCaP at low concentrations. Selenomethionine also affected expression levels of 35 known androgen responsive genes and 18 of these transcripts showed changes that were the inverse of those seen after androgen stimulation. At high concentrations selenomethionine decreased prostate specific antigen promoter driven luciferase expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Selenomethionine modulates transcript levels of genes involved in a number of biological processes, including cell cycle/apoptosis androgen signaling, signal transduction and transcriptional regulation. Although the pathways affected paralleled in many ways those that are modulated by methylselenic acid, distinct differences in transcript patterns and effects on cell cycle regulation suggest that different selenium compounds could exert unique effects in prostate cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5118, USA.
authors.forename: Hongjuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Brooks
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D012645:Selenomethionine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D016566:Organoselenium Compounds; D012645:Selenomethionine; C008493:methylselenic acid