Bifunctional magnetic silica nanoparticles for highly efficient human stem cell labeling.
A superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticle is emerging as an ideal probe for noninvasive cell tracking. However, its low intracellular labeling efficiency has limited the potential usage and has evoked great interest in developing new labeling strategies. We have developed fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-incorporated silica-coated core-shell SPIO nanoparticles, SPIO@SiO2(FITC), with diameters of 50 nm, as a bifunctionally magnetic vector that can efficiently label human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), via clathrin- and actin-dependent endocytosis with subsequent intracellular localization in late endosomes/lysosomes. The uptake process displays a time- and dose-dependent behavior. In our system, SPIO@SiO2(FITC) nanoparticles induce sufficient cell MRI contrast at an incubation dosage as low as 0.5 microg of iron/mL of culture medium with 1.2x105 hMSCs, and the in vitro detection threshold of cell number is about 1x104 cells. Furthermore, 1.2x105 labeled cells can also be MRI-detected in a subcutaneous model in vivo. Labeled hMSCs are unaffected in their viability, proliferation, and differentiation capacities into adipocytes and osteocytes which can still be readily MRI detected. This is the first report that hMSCs can be efficiently labeled with MRI contrast nanoparticles and can be monitored in vitro and in vivo with a clinical 1.5-T MRI imager under low incubation concentration of iron oxide, short incubation time, and low detection cell numbers at the same time.
Lu
Chen-Wen
CW
Center for Nanomedicine Research and Stem Cell Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan.
Hung
Yann
Y
Hsiao
Jong-Kai
JK
Yao
Ming
M
Chung
Tsai-Hua
TH
Lin
Yu-Shen
YS
Wu
Si-Han
SH
Hsu
Szu-Chun
SC
Liu
Hon-Man
HM
Mou
Chung-Yuan
CY
Yang
Chung-Shi
CS
Huang
Dong-Ming
DM
Chen
Yao-Chang
YC
D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008280:Magnetics; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D053758:Nanoparticles; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate