title: Clinical correlation of chromosome 22q11.2 fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis and velocardiofacial syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify characteristics associated with microdeletions of chromosome 22q11.2 ascertained by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis in patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI), cleft palate, or other clinical features of velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of all patients entered at one tertiary-level multidisciplinary cleft lip and palate and craniofacial anomalies panel from January 2000 to December 2003.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study consisted of 115 patients. The presence or absence of the following clinical features was documented: cleft palate (submucous and overt), VPI, cardiac anomalies, renal anomalies, small stature, characteristic facies, developmental delay, psychiatric dysfunction, and family history.
  
  
  METHODS
  Correlation between presence or absence of clinical features of VCFS and presence or absence of 22q11.2 microdeletion by FISH analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 16 patients (13.9%) who demonstrated 22q11.2 microdeletion by FISH analysis, 16 had VPI (100%), 16 had small stature (100%), 14 had cleft palate (88%), and 13 had characteristic facies (81%). Developmental delay was also present in 13 of these patients (81%), and seven had cardiac anomalies (44%). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the presence of characteristic facies and small stature statistically correlated with microdeletions of chromosome 22q11.2 by FISH studies (p < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with microdeletions of chromosome 22q11.2 as demonstrated by FISH analysis were more likely to have VPI, small stature, cleft palate, characteristic facies, and developmental delay, in descending order. Statistical analysis showed that only characteristic facies and small stature correlated with 22q11.2 microdeletions.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. albert.oh@childrens.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Albert K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Workman
authors.forename: Granger B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D002892:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 / Q000235:genetics*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000235:genetics; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000235:genetics; D004062:DiGeorge Syndrome / Q000235:genetics*; D004392:Dwarfism / Q000235:genetics; D019066:Facies; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007223:Infant; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000235:genetics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014681:Velopharyngeal Insufficiency / Q000235:genetics