title: Perceptions of veterinarians and clients to expressions of clinical uncertainty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to explore the attitudes of veterinarians and clients towards expressions of clinical uncertainty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaires that assessed the respondent's attitudes towards expressions of clinical uncertainty were completed by clients at six small animal practices. In addition, questionnaires that evaluated what veterinarians thought their client's attitudes would be towards expressions of clinical uncertainty were completed by veterinarians. The responses from clients and veterinarians were statistically compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Veterinarians significantly underestimated the desire of clients to be told about uncertainties in treatment and significantly overestimated how the expression of uncertainty would generally reduce client confidence. Veterinarians significantly overestimated the loss of client confidence resulting from saying "I am not sure about this" and from asking a nurse for advice. Both clients and veterinarians considered that verbal expressions of uncertainty would lead to a greater reduction in client confidence than behavioural expressions of uncertainty.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that most clients want to be told about their veterinarian's clinical uncertainties, and how this uncertainty is expressed can markedly influence client confidence.
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology, University of Cambridge.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Mellanby
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crisp
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Palma
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Spratt
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Urwin
authors.forename: M J H
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zago
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003142:Communication; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D035501:Uncertainty; D018634:Veterinarians / Q000523:psychology*