title: Endoscopic CSF leak repair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this review is to discuss endoscopic management of cerebrospinal fluid leaks and to highlight recent advances in both outcomes and technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endoscopic techniques targeting the repair of skull-base defects have evolved as instrumentation for intranasal use has developed. The principles of endoscopic repair mirror those of open repair, with emphasis placed on site identification, site preparation, accurate graft placement and postoperative management. Several patient factors will affect the surgical and medical care of patients with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, including location, cause and overall medical condition. Numerous techniques have been described and large series attest to high success rates. The use of radiographic image-guidance systems promises to advance localization of the leak site. Endoscopic repair of cerebrospinal fluid leaks remains an accurate and complete method for the repair of cerebrospinal fluid leaks with decreased operative morbidity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic repair of anterior skull-base defects has a high success rate and markedly decreased morbidity as compared with traditional intracranial approaches. The endoscopic approach should be considered the technique of choice for repair of most cerebrospinal fluid fistulae and skull-base defects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Division of Rhinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Todd A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Loehrl
mesh_terms: D002559:Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D035262:Cranial Fossa, Anterior / Q000601:surgery; D004724:Endoscopy; D005004:Ethmoid Bone / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000601:surgery