title: A survey of zoonotic pathogens carried by Norway rats in Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
abstract: Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) carry several zoonotic pathogens and because rats and humans live in close proximity in urban environments, there exists potential for transmission. To identify zoonotic agents carried by rats in Baltimore, Maryland, USA, we live-trapped 201 rats during 2005-2006 and screened them for a panel of viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Antibodies against Seoul virus (57.7%), hepatitis E virus (HEV, 73.5%), Leptospira interrogans (65.3%), Bartonella elizabethae (34.1%), and Rickettsia typhi (7.0%) were detected in Norway rats. Endoparasites, including Calodium hepatica (87.9%) and Hymenolepis sp. (34.4%), and ectoparasites (13.9%, primarily Laelaps echidninus) also were present. The risk of human exposure to these pathogens is a significant public health concern. Because these pathogens cause non-specific and often self-limiting symptoms in humans, infection in human populations is probably underdiagnosed.
authors.affiliation: The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. jeasterb@jhsph.edu
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Easterbrook
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Vanasco
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Reeves
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Purcell
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Kosoy
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Glass
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D015142:Baltimore; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000662:veterinary*; D004199:Disease Vectors; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011634:Public Health; D051381:Rats / Q000382:microbiology*; D012621:Seasons; D014504:Urban Health; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D000914:Antibodies, Viral