title: Clinical evaluation of applanation resonance tonometry: a comparison with Goldmann applanation tonometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to calibrate and evaluate the precision of the new applanation resonance tonometry (ART) in a clinical study designed in accordance with the International Standard Organization's requirements.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, randomized, single-center study, where healthy volunteers and patients participated. A total of 153 eyes were divided into 3 groups with respect to their intraocular pressure (IOP) at screening: <16 mm Hg, 16 to 23 mm Hg, and >23 mm Hg. IOP was measured with Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) as reference method and by ART in both a biomicroscope (ARTBiom) and a handheld (ARTHand) setup with a 10-minutes pause between methods. The mean of 6 readings was regarded as one measurement value.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of the subjects was 59 years (range 20 to 87 y). GAT showed a mean IOP of 20.0 mm Hg (range 8.5 to 43.5 mm Hg, n=153). The precision was 2.07 mm Hg for ARTBiom and 2.50 mm Hg for ARTHand, with a significant dependency for age as compared with GAT. Measurement order produced a decreasing IOP with a mean of 2.3 mm Hg between the first and last method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The precision obtained in both ARTBiom and ARTHand was within the limits set by the International Standard Organization standards for tonometers. The standardized procedure and the stability of the biomicroscope setup resulted in a slightly better precision as compared with the handheld setup. Despite a 10-minutes pause between measurements, the order was a significant factor, possibly because the patients were more apprehensive at the first measurement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, University Hospital of Umeå, S-901 85, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hallberg
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eklund
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bäcklund
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lindén
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002138:Calibration; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards