title: CAG and CTG repeat polymorphism in exons of human genes shows distinct features at the expandable loci.
abstract: Although the trinucleotide repeats are present in the exons of numerous human genes, the allele distribution is not well known, and the factors responsible for their intergenic and intragenic variability are not well understood. We have analyzed the length and sequence variation within the most commonly occurring CAG and CTG repeats in a large number of human genes selected to contain the longest reported repeat tracts. Our study revealed that in genes other than those implicated in the Triplet Repeat Expansion Diseases (TREDs), the very long and highly polymorphic repeats are rather infrequent. The length of pure repeat tract in the most frequent allele was found to correlate well with the rate of the repeat length polymorphism, and CAA triplets were shown to be the most frequent CAG repeat interruptions. As both the CAG and CAA triplets code for glutamine, our results may suggest that the selective pressure disfavors the long uninterrupted CAG repeats in genes and transcripts but not the long normal polyglutamine tracts in proteins. This may indicate that hairpin structures formed in ssDNA and RNA by long pure CAG repeats would be selected against as they may impede normal cellular processes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
authors.forename: Matylda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rozanska
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sobczak
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jasinska
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Napierala
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kaczynska
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Czerny
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koziel
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kozlowski
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olejniczak
authors.forename: Wlodzimierz J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Krzyzosiak
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D000483:Alleles; D005091:Exons; D042822:Genomic Instability; D006801:Humans; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D020080:Tandem Repeat Sequences
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D020121:5' Untranslated Regions