title: The impact of psychosocial factors on low back pain: longitudinal results from the Belstress study.
abstract: METHODS
  An epidemiological cohort study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the impact of psychosocial factors, both work and nonwork-related, on the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) after 6.6 years on average.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  There is growing consensus that psychosocial factors play a role in the development of LBP, although results are not consistent across studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Within a sample of 2556 middle-aged men and women from the Belstress study, baseline psychosocial factors were measured through self-administered questionnaires and related to prevalent cases of LBP after a mean time interval of 6.6 years through Cox regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment for individual and physical risks, including occasional back pain at baseline, the prevalence rate of LBP in men is significantly related to baseline low decision latitude and low social support at work, and nonsignificantly to high job strain, low wage and job satisfaction, feeling stressed at work, and feeling depressed. High job insecurity, feeling stressed at work, and feeling depressed nonsignificantly increase the relative risks for LBP in women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the results of this study, psychosocial factors (both work and nonwork-related) constitute nonnegligible risks for the development of LBP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Ghent University, University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. els.clays@UGent.be
authors.forename: Els
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Clays
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Bacquer
authors.forename: Francoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Leynen
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kornitzer
authors.forename: France
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kittel
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Backer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003657:Decision Making; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011584:Psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012456:Salaries and Fringe Benefits; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014937:Work