title: Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 up-regulation after simian immunodeficiency virus-1 coinfection in the nonhuman primate.
abstract: The effects that human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV) type 1 and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) coinfection have on HTLV-1 dynamics and disease progression were tested in a nonhuman primate model. Seven rhesus macaques were experimentally inoculated with HTLV-1, and a persistent infection was established. Coinfection with SIV/smB670 resulted in increased HTLV-1 p19 antigens in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and HTLV-1 proviral loads. Circulating CD2(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes increased over preinoculation levels, along with a progressive decrease in CD4(+) T cells, typical for terminal SIV disease. Finally documented was the striking emergence of up to 19% of HTLV-associated "flower cell" lymphocytes in the circulation, as seen in patients with adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma. CD8(+)CD25(+) T cell subpopulation increases were positively correlated with flower cell appearance and suggested their possible role in this process. We conclude that SIV may have the potential to up-regulate HTLV-1 and disease expression.
authors.affiliation: Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA. vtraina@tulane.edu
authors.forename: Vicki L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Traina-Dorge
authors.forename: Louis N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lorino
authors.forename: Elsa L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Winsor
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Beilke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018801:CD2 Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D016827:CD8 Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015683:Gene Products, gag / Q000032:analysis; D015490:HTLV-I Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000502:physiology*; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000032:analysis; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000821:virology; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D008853:Microscopy; D011533:Proviruses; D015682:Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic / Q000032:analysis; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus; D019562:Viral Load; D054301:gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
chemical_list: D018801:CD2 Antigens; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D016827:CD8 Antigens; D004279:DNA, Viral; D015683:Gene Products, gag; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit; D015682:Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic; D054301:gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; C060955:p19 protein, Human T-lymphotropic virus 1