Impact of Ramadan on physical performance in professional soccer players.
OBJECTIVE
Ramadan is a period of daylight abstention from liquid or solid nutrients. As sports continue to be scheduled, an understanding of the effects of Ramadan on Muslim athletes is warranted.


METHODS
Two Algerian professional soccer teams (55 men) were studied. Field tests of physical and soccer performance were collected before, at the end and 2 weeks after Ramadan in 2004. Players were queried on sleeping habits and personal perception of training and match performance.


METHODS
Field setting at club training ground.


METHODS
Performance on fitness and skill tests.


RESULTS
Performance declined significantly (p<0.05) for speed, agility, dribbling speed and endurance, and most stayed low after the conclusion of Ramadan. Nearly 70% of the players thought that their training and performance were adversely affected during the fast.


CONCLUSIONS
The phase shift of food intake and disruption of sleep patterns affect actual and perceived physical performance. Islamic athletes need to explore strategies that will maximise performance during Ramadan.
Zerguini
Yacine
Y
Centre d'Evaluation et d'Expertise en Médecine du Sport, Algiers, Algeria.
Kirkendall
Donald
D
Junge
Astrid
A
Dvorak
Jiri
J
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003163:Competitive Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D005215:Fasting / Q000502:physiology*; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007514:Islam; D008297:Male; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D012916:Soccer / Q000502:physiology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis