title: Reported failures of the polymer self-locking (Hem-o-lok) clip: review of data from the Food and Drug Administration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  New technology has played an important role in the proliferation of laparoscopy within urology. A central issue remains meticulous hemostasis, particularly for larger vessels (e.g., renal artery and vein). This paper presents available information regarding failure of the widely utilized nonabsorbable polymer Hem-o-lok clip (Weck Closure Systems, Research Triangle Park, NC), introduced in 1999.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Food and Drug Administration Center for Devices and Radiological Health maintains a compendium of reports of adverse events involving medical devices (MAUDE). We performed multiple searches of MAUDE using a variety of key words, including Weck, Hem-o-lok, laparoscopy, nephrectomy, and clip.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within the MAUDE database, we identified 27 reports of problems with the Hem-o-lok clip until July 6, 2005. Of these events, only 1 (4%) involved application during open surgery, with the remainder occurring during laparoscopy. Minimal morbidity resulted from applicator difficulty during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (N = 7; 26%), with one case of open conversion. Forty-eight percent (N = 13) of the failures occurred during urologic laparoscopy; of these, bleeding was the primary problem in 77%. Delayed exploration, immediate open conversion, and death resulted in 38% (N = 5), 8% (N = 1), and 15% (N = 2), respectively. No clear etiology for the events could be found, although in all situations, multiple clips had been applied with apparent initial vessel control intraoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reported difficulty with the Hem-o-lok clip occurs primarily during laparoscopic surgery. Cases of failure after laparoscopic nephrectomy require urgent exploration, although it is unclear whether device or user error is the underlying cause. Regardless, care must be taken in securing the renal vessels, surgeons must be educated regarding proper use and techniques, and consideration should be given to using transfixing techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and UCSF Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0738, USA. mmeng@urology.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Maxwell V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Meng
mesh_terms: D004868:Equipment Failure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011108:Polymers; D013525:Surgical Instruments / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000592:standards; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers