title: Cigarette smoking, familial hematopoietic cancer, hair dye use, and risk of t(14;18)-defined subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
abstract: Some evidence suggests that smoking, a family history of hematopoietic cancer, and use of hair dyes are associated with t(14;18)-defined subsets of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in men. To further evaluate these associations and to expand them to women, the authors determined t(14;18)(q32;q21) status by fluorescence in situ hybridization in 172 of 175 tumor blocks from a population-based case-control study conducted in Nebraska during 1983-1986. Exposures in 65 t(14;18)-positive cases and 107 t(14;18)-negative cases were compared with those among 1,432 controls. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using polytomous logistic regression. Among men, smoking was not associated with risk of t(14;18)-positive or -negative NHL. Among women who had ever smoked cigarettes, there was an association with risk of t(14;18)-negative NHL (odds ratio (OR) = 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1, 3.3) but not t(14;18)-positive NHL (p-difference = 0.01). The risks for t(14;18)-negative NHL among women increased with longer duration (>30 years: OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1, 4.1) and early initiation (age </=20 years: OR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1, 4.4) of smoking. A family history of hematopoietic cancer was associated with a twofold higher risk for both t(14;18)-defined NHL subtypes among men and women. Hair dye use was not associated with either subtype. These findings should be interpreted cautiously because of the small sample.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 680 North Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. bchiu@northwestern.edu
authors.forename: Brian C-H
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Bhavana J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Dave
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blair
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gapstur
authors.forename: Joan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chmiel
authors.forename: Angela J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Fought
authors.forename: Shelia Hoar
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Zahm
authors.forename: Dennis D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Weisenburger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002901:Chromosomes, Human, 13-15 / Q000235:genetics; D002902:Chromosomes, Human, 16-18 / Q000235:genetics; D003043:Cocarcinogenesis; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006202:Hair Dyes / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008224:Lymphoma, Follicular / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D016403:Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D009329:Nebraska / Q000453:epidemiology; D010375:Pedigree; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014178:Translocation, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D006202:Hair Dyes