title: Caspase-dependent programmed cell death pathways are not activated in generalized seizure-induced neuronal death.
abstract: Activation of the caspase-dependent cell death pathways has been shown in focal seizures, but whether this occurs in prolonged generalized seizures is not known. We investigated whether the initiator caspase in the extrinsic pathway, caspase-8, or the intrinsic pathway, caspase-9, is activated during the first 24 h following lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus, when neuronal death is maximal and widespread. The thymuses of rats given methamphetamine were used as positive controls for caspase-3-activated cellular apoptosis. Following methamphetamine treatment, caspase-9 but not caspase-8 was activated in thymocytes. However, 6 or 24 h following status epilepticus, none of 26 brain regions studied showed either caspase-8 or -9 activation by immunohistochemistry, western blotting and enzyme activity assays. Our results provide evidence against the activation of the extrinsic and intrinsic caspase pathways in generalized seizures, which produce morphologically necrotic neurons with internucleosomal DNA cleavage (DNA laddering), a programmed process. In contrast, there is increasing evidence that caspase-independent programmed mechanisms play a prominent role in seizure-induced neuronal death.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Neurology Laboratory, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, North Hills, CA 91343, USA. dfujikaw@ucla.edu
authors.forename: Denson G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Fujikawa
authors.forename: Steve S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Shinmei
authors.forename: Shuangping
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Ernesto R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Aviles
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D053181:Caspase 8 / Q000378:metabolism*; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D002452:Cell Count; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling / Q000379:methods; D008094:Lithium; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D010862:Pilocarpine; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D010862:Pilocarpine; D008094:Lithium; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9