title: Synergistic effect of nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase inhibitors on carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats.
abstract: The present study examined the effects of L-nitroarginine methylester (L-NAME, CAS 50903-99-6), a non-selective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, indometacin (IND, CAS 3305-29-1), a non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, and a combination of these agents (L-NAME + IND) on carrageenan-induced paw edema for 4 h after the injection of carrageenan in rats. L-NAME at 10 and 30 mg/ kg but not 3 mg/kg (i.p.) decreased paw volume slightly but significantly only at 1 h after the carrageenan injection. IND reduced paw volume slightly at 1 and 3 mg/kg, and markedly at 10 mg/kg (p.o.). A combination of L-NAME and IND at a subthreshold dose (3 mg/kg, i.p. and 1 mg/kg, p.o., respectively) caused a marked reduction of paw edema, which was also confirmed by histopathological examinations. A combination of N-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine (1400W, CAS 180001-34-7), a selective inhibitor of inducible NOS, and IND at 3 mg/kg, i.p., and 1 mg/kg, p.o., respectively, did not show synergistic anti-inflammatory effects. In conclusion, the combination of non-selective NOS and COX inhibitors had synergistic anti-inflammatory effects on carrageenan-induced paw edema at an early stage, suggesting negative crosstalk between the endogenous NOS-NO and COX-PG pathways in the early stages of acute inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Kobuchisawa Laboratories, Fuji Biomedix Co., Ltd., Yamanashi 408-0044, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shirahase
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kunishiro
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: Mamoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanda
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uehara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002351:Carrageenan; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005528:Foot / Q000473:pathology; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D002351:Carrageenan; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D007213:Indomethacin