title: Phosphorus leaching from cow manure patches on soil columns.
abstract: The loss of P in overland flow or leachate from manure patches can impair surface water quality. We studied leaching of P from 10-cm-high lysimeters filled with intact grassland soil or with acid-washed sand. A manure patch was created on two grassland and two sand-filled lysimeters, and an additional two grass lysimeters served as blanks. Lysimeters were leached in the laboratory during 234 d with a diluted salt solution, and column effluent was passed through a 0.45-microm filter, analyzed for pH, dissolved reactive P (DRP), and total dissolved P (TDP). At the end of the experiment lysimeter soil was sampled and analyzed for pH, available P, and oxalate-extractable P, Fe, and Al. The concentration of TDP in the effluent from the sand column increased to 25 mg L-1 during the first weeks and remained above 10 mg L-1 during the rest of the percolation. In effluent from grass + patch lysimeters TDP gradually increased to 4 mg L-1. Both in the manure and in the effluent of the sand lysimeter P was found mainly in the form of DRP, but in the effluent from the grass lysimeters was found mainly as dissolved unreactive P (DUP=TDP-DRP). Earthworm activity was responsible for decomposition of the manure patch on the grass lysimeters. Manure patches and their remains were found to be a long-term source of high concentrations of P in leachates. Spreading of patches after a grazing period could reduce their possible negative impacts on the environment.
authors.affiliation: Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands. wim.chardon@wur.nl
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Chardon
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Aalderink
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van der Salm
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D008372:Manure; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants
chemical_list: D008372:Manure; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D010758:Phosphorus