title: N-Nitroso compounds produced in deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) GI tracts following hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) exposure.
abstract: Given the potent carcinogenic effects of most N-nitroso compounds, the reductive transformation of the common explosive hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) to a group of N-nitroso derivatives, hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazine (MNX), hexahydro-1,3-dinitroso-5-nitro-1,3,5-triazine (DNX), and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitroso-1,3,5-triazine (TNX) in the environment have caused concerns among the general public. Questions are arising about whether the same transformations also occur in mammals, and if true, to what extent. This study investigated the N-nitroso derivatives production in the deer mouse GI tract following RDX administration. Findings verified that such transformations do occur in the mammalian GI tract at notable levels: the average MNX concentrations in deer mice stomach were 85 microg/kg and 1318 microg/kg for exposure to 10mg/kg and 100mg/kg diet, respectively. DNX in stomach were 217 microg/kg for the 10mg/kg dose group and 498 microg/kg for the 100mg/kg dose group. Changes in other toxic endpoints including body weight gain, food consumption, organ weight, and behavior were also reported.
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1163, USA. xiaoping.pan@tiehh.ttu.edu <xiaoping.pan@tiehh.ttu.edu>
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Baohong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jordan N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Michael San
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Francisco
authors.forename: Todd A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: George P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Cobb
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001711:Biotransformation; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D009603:Nitroso Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010542:Peromyscus; D014227:Triazines / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009603:Nitroso Compounds; D014227:Triazines; C009160:cyclonite