title: A novel wireless data acquisition system for the measurement of hoof accelerations in the exercising horse.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A device is needed to safely and wirelessly evaluate accelerations experienced by the horse hoof under a variety of surface conditions with the horse exercising at training or racing speeds.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop a miniaturised wireless data acquisition system (WDAS) which reliably records hoof accelerations and the times over which they occur in a minimally invasive manner in the exercising Thoroughbred.
  
  
  METHODS
  The following criteria were set for device development: production of a lightweight and minimally invasive system, which provides an adequate acceleration range, appropriate frequency response to capture high speed events, and compatibility with a low power wireless telemetry system. Following device development, the WDAS was calibrated, and tested in 6 Thoroughbred horses over a variety of surfaces.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Collection of acceleration in seven trials using 6 horses over a variety of surfaces resulted in repeatable acceleration data with respect to the overall characteristic shape of the impact profile. Impact accelerations varied with surface, ranging 34.8-191.7 g. Accelerations on take off were in a similar range, although higher in some trials. Peak impact accelerations tended to larger over the grass paddock surface, than either the indoor arena or the dirt track. During dirt track trials, accelerations on take-off were often comparably larger than those observed on impact within the same footfall.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study reports the development of a wireless system that successfully measures hoof acceleration in a minimally invasive manner over a variety of surface and exercise conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The WDAS will be used in further studies to evaluate various components of the horse-racetrack interface, in an attempt to identify risk factors for musculoskeletal injury in the Thoroughbred racehorse.
authors.affiliation: Richard S. Reynolds, Jr. Comparative Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 19348, USA.
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: B L Dallap
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Schaer
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Nunamaker
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004864:Equipment and Supplies / Q000662:veterinary*; D006724:Hoof and Claw / Q000502:physiology*; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D007700:Kinetics; D009142:Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology