title: Functional nonretentive fecal incontinence in children.
abstract: Fecal incontinence, the loss of feces in the underwear after age 4 years, is a frustrating phenomenon for children and their parents. It is difficult to treat, presenting as a single symptom without any organic cause or signs of constipation. This review addresses the definition of functional nonretentive fecal incontinence and provides an overview of its epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic work-up and prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. mbongers@amc.nl
authors.forename: Marloes E J
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bongers
authors.forename: Merit M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Tabbers
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Benninga
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis