title: [Postnatal and prenatal diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter syndrome)].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II, Hunter syndrome, OMIM 309900) is an X-linked recessive lysosomal storage disease resulting from a deficiency of iduronte-2-sulphate sulphatase (IDS). The present study aimed to establish an enzyme assay method for IDS activity for carrying out postnatal and prenatal diagnosis of MPS II by means of IDS activity assay on plasma, uncultured chorionic villi (CV) and cultured amniotic fluid cells (AF cell) using a new synthesized substrate.
  
  
  METHODS
  A fluorigenic substrate (4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-iduronate-2-sulphate, MU-alpha-Idu-2S) was used for the assay of IDS activity. IDS activity in plasma was determined for diagnosis of the proband. Prenatal diagnosis in 10 pregnancies at risk was carried out according to IDS activity on uncultured CV at 11th week or on cultured AF cell at 18th week of gestation. At the same time, IDS activity was also determined in the maternal plasmas to observe the change of IDS activity in pregnancy. The fetal sex determination was performed by PCR amplification of the ZFX/ZFY genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The IDS activity in plasma of normal controls and obligate heterozygotes were 240.2 - 668.2 nmol/(4 hxml) and 88.7 - 547.9 nmol/(4 hxml), respectively, while the enzyme activities in plasmas were in the range of 0.3 - 18.6 nmol/(4 hxml) in affected male. The IDS activities were 37.2 - 54.9 nmol/(4 hxmg protein) and 21.4 - 74.4 nmol/(4 hxmg protein) in CV and cultured AF cells respectively. Out of 50 suspected cases, 46 were diagnosed as having MPS II and 4 were excluded. Prenatal diagnosis was performed on 10 pregnancies at risk. Four of 5 male fetuses [IDS activity were 4.7, 1.8, 7.0 nmol/(4hxmg protein) in CV, 0.6 nmol/(4 hxmg protein) in AF cell] were diagnosed as having MPS II and the other 5 fetuses were normal females [IDS activity were: 48.7, 5.9, 25.2 nmol/(4 hxmg protein) in CV, 55.2, 40.9 nmol/(4 hxmg protein) in AF cell]. Increased IDS activity was observed in plasma of the pregnant women with unaffected fetuses, while the IDS activity decreased in pregnancies with affected fetuses. IDS activity of one female fetus was very low [5.9 nmol/(4 hxmg protein)], but the IDS activity in maternal plasmas increased, this fetus was a normal female.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The method using a synthesized fluorigenic 4-methylumbelliferyl-substrate was a sensitive, rapid and convenient assay of IDS activity and was reliable for early prenatal diagnosis. Determination of fetal sex would be helpful in excluding the female fetus with low IDS activity from being considered as an affected male fetus. It would be further helpful if IDS activity in maternal plasma was taken into account.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
authors.forename: Wei-min
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hui-ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Bei-te
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shi-min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Qing-wei
authors.initials: QW
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Nian-hu
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Shang-zhi
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D002824:Chorionic Villi / Q000201:enzymology*; D015193:Chorionic Villi Sampling; D057075:Enzyme Assays / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000201:enzymology; D005470:Fluorometry / Q000379:methods; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D006923:Hymecromone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D007066:Iduronate Sulfatase / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D007067:Iduronic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D007621:Karyotyping; D008297:Male; D016532:Mucopolysaccharidosis II / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D018566:Pregnancy, High-Risk / Q000097:blood; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: C456019:4-methylumbelliferyliduronate 2-sulfate; D007067:Iduronic Acid; D006923:Hymecromone; D007066:Iduronate Sulfatase