title: Faecal incontinence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Faecal incontinence is a life style-limiting condition with multiple aetiologies. Surgical cure is not often possible.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A review of the literature was undertaken using Medline, Cochrane database and standard textbooks. Advanced imaging techniques now inform the treatment algorithm and objectively assess success. The long-term outcome of anal surgery is uncertain. Modern approaches favour conservative measures, such as biofeedback, and less invasive surgical procedures. Stoma formation is a definitive option for some patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current treatment of faecal incontinence is evolving from a sphincter-focused view to a more holistic one, recognizing the influence of the pelvic floor and psyche in maintaining continence. Modern imaging modalities direct treatment strategies.
authors.affiliation: Physiology Unit, University College Hospital, 235 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Chatoor
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: C R G
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Emmanuel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D019160:Endosonography / Q000379:methods; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008487:Medical History Taking; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents