title: Effect of leflunomide on the peripheral nerves in rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to determine the neurophysiological effects of leflunomide on peripheral nerves in rheumatoid arthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective cohort trial of 32 patients with rheumatoid arthritis with 16 patients receiving leflunomide treatment and 16 receiving other disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug therapies. Clinical, laboratory and neurophysiological measurements were used to determine the presence of a peripheral neuropathy in these patients at study entry and then after a further 3 and 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-four per cent of the leflunomide group and 8% of the control group had an increase in their neuropathy symptom score 6 months into the study (P = 0.01). No correlation was found between the electrophysiological findings and the clinical symptoms. There was no significant difference between the two groups in upper and lower limb sensory and motor amplitudes and conduction velocities recorded at 3 and 6 months. One patient developed both clinical and neurophysiological evidence of a peripheral neuropathy 5 months into the study that improved after cessation of leflunomide therapy and cholestyramine washout.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After 6 months of exposure we found that leflunomide was associated with an apparent increase in the clinical symptoms of peripheral neuropathy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. These symptoms did not correlate with neurophysiological studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, The Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Spies
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: McGill
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vaile
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Bleasel
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Youssef
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077339:Leflunomide; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009443:Neuritis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D007555:Isoxazoles; D000077339:Leflunomide