title: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 is involved in tumor angiogenesis and growth.
abstract: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3) binds VEGF-C and VEGF-D and is essential for the development of the lymphatic vasculature. Experimental tumors that overexpress VEGFR-3 ligands induce lymphatic vessel sprouting and enlargement and show enhanced metastasis to regional lymph nodes and beyond, whereas a soluble form of VEGFR-3 that blocks receptor signaling inhibits these changes and metastasis. Because VEGFR-3 is also essential for the early blood vessel development in embryos and is up-regulated in tumor angiogenesis, we wanted to determine if an antibody targeting the receptor that interferes with VEGFR-3 ligand binding can inhibit primary tumor growth. Our results show that antibody interference with VEGFR-3 function can inhibit the growth of several human tumor xenografts in immunocompromised mice. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the blood vessel density of anti-VEGFR-3-treated tumors was significantly decreased and hypoxic and necrotic tumor tissue was increased when compared with tumors treated with control antibody, indicating that blocking of the VEGFR-3 pathway inhibits angiogenesis in these tumors. As expected, the anti-VEGFR-3-treated tumors also lacked lymphatic vessels. These results suggest that the VEGFR-3 pathway contributes to tumor angiogenesis and that effective inhibition of tumor progression may require the inhibition of multiple angiogenic targets.
authors.affiliation: Molecular/Cancer Biology Research Program and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartman Institute and Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Pirjo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Laakkonen
authors.forename: Marika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Waltari
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Holopainen
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Bronislaw
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pytowski
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hicklin
authors.forename: Kris
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Persaud
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Tonra
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Witte
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alitalo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048708:Cell Growth Processes; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000628:therapy; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C / Q000378:metabolism; D042643:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D / Q000378:metabolism; D040321:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C; D042643:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D; D040321:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3