title: Efficacy of daily and weekly multiple micronutrient food-like tablets for the correction of iodine deficiency in Indonesian males aged 6-12 mo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infants are highly vulnerable to iodine deficiency, and little data exist on the effect of multiple micronutrient supplementation on their iodine status.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to compare the efficacy of daily and weekly multiple micronutrient food-like tablets (foodLETs) on increasing iodine status among infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 133 Indonesian males aged 6-12 mo were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: a daily multiple-micronutrient foodLET providing the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI)(DMM), a weekly multiple-micronutrient foodLET providing twice the RNI (WMM), a daily 10-mg Fe foodLET (DI), or placebo. Urinary iodine (UI) concentrations were measured at baseline and at 23 wk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, the average UI concentration (1.37 micromol/L) was within the normal range, and 30.8% of subjects had iodine deficiency (UI < 0.79 micromol/L). At 23 wk, the DMM group had the highest increment in UI; however, after adjustment for initial UI, the changes in UI were not significantly different between the 4 groups (P = 0.39). Initial UI correlated inversely with the changes in UI (P < 0.001). The DMM group had the greatest reduction and increment in the proportion of iodine-deficient infants and in infants with iodine excess, respectively; however, no significant difference was found in these proportions (P = 0.13 and P = 0.42) between the 4 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Daily consumption of a multiple-micronutrient foodLET providing the RNI during infancy may be one strategy to improve iodine status.
authors.affiliation: SEAMEO-TROPMED Regional Center for Community Nutrition, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. mwijaya@seameo-rccn.org
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wijaya-Erhardt
authors.forename: Juliawati
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Untoro
authors.forename: Elvina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karyadi
authors.forename: Lindawati
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wibowo
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gross
mesh_terms: D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006128:Growth; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D007223:Infant; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D007455:Iodine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D009752:Nutritional Status; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000172:deficiency / Q000652:urine; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018977:Micronutrients; D014131:Trace Elements; D007455:Iodine