title: Nitric oxide involvement in estrous cycle-dependent changes of the behavioral responses of female rats in the elevated plus-maze test.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP pathway is known as a mediator in anxiety modulation. In this study, we assessed the involvement of NO pathway in the estrous cycle-related changes of anxiety level in rat. By using elevated plus-maze test, we studied the changes of serum nitrate and nitrite (NO(x)) levels in comparison to the estrous cycle-dependent changes of anxiety state. Then, we tested the effects of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, L-NAME (10, 60mg/kg, i.p.), and the NO precursor, l-arginine (100mg/kg, i.p.) on anxiety modulatory properties of exogenous ovarian hormones in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Compared with other cycle phases and with OVX rats, cycling rats spent more time in open arms and had lower levels of serum NO(x) levels during metestrous while they spent less time in open arms and had lower levels of serum NO(x) levels during proestrous. In OVX rats, L-NAME (60mg/kg, i.p.) exerted anxiolytic effect while l-arginine showed no effect. In comparison with corn oil-treated controls, estradiol benzoate (10microg/kg, subcutaneously (s.c.)) significantly increased the serum NO(x) level and exerted anxiogenic effect, which was dose-dependently inhibited by L-NAME but was not changed by l-arginine. In contrast, progesterone (25mg/kg, s.c.) significantly decreased the serum NO(x) level and exerted anxiolytic effect, which was abolished by l-arginine but was not affected by L-NAME. These findings suggest that NO system might be involved in the estrous cycle-related changes of anxiety level, probably by mediating the effect of ovarian sex hormones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. sadeghipour@sina.tums.ac.ir
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Sadeghipour
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghasemi
authors.forename: Hamed
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sadeghipour
authors.forename: Kiarash
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Riazi
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soufiabadi
authors.forename: Nasrin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fallahi
authors.forename: Ahmad Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Dehpour
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000097:blood*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D030762:Estrous Cycle / Q000097:blood*; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000502:physiology; D009566:Nitrates / Q000097:blood; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase