title: Hydrogen-atom transfer in open-shell organometallic chemistry: the reactivity of Rh(II)(cod) and Ir(II)(cod) radicals.
abstract: A series of new metalloradical rhodium and iridium complexes [M(II)(cod)(N-ligand)](2+) in the uncommon oxidation state +II were synthesized by one-electron oxidation of their [M(I)(cod)(N-ligand)](+) precursors (M=Rh, Ir; cod=(Z,Z)-1,5-cyclooctadiene; and N-ligand is a podal bis(pyridyl)amine ligand: N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (dpa), N-(2-pyridylmethyl)-N-(6-methyl-2-pyridylmethyl)amine (pla), or N-benzyl-N,N-bis(6-methyl-2-pyridylmethyl)amine (Bn-dla). EPR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and DFT calculations reveal that each of these [M(II)(cod)(N-ligand)](2+) species adopts a square-pyramidal geometry with the two cod double bonds and the two pyridine fragments in the basal plane and the N(amine) donor at the apical position. The unpaired electron of these species mainly resides at the metal center, but the apical N(amine) donor also carries a considerable fraction of the total spin density (15-18 %). Density functional calculations proved a valuable tool for the analysis and simulation of the experimental EPR spectra. Whereas the M(II)(olefin) complexes are quite stable as solids, in solution they spontaneously transform into a 1:1 mixture of M(III)(allyl) species and protonated M(I)(olefin) complexes (in the forms [M(I)(olefin)(protonated N-ligand)](2+) for M=Rh and [M(III)(H)(olefin)(N-ligand)](2+) for M=Ir). Similar reactions were observed for the related propene complex [M(II)(propene)(Me(2)tpa)](2+) (Me(2)tpa=N,N,N-tris(6-methyl-2-pyridylmethyl)amine). The decomposition rate of the [M(II)(cod)(N-ligand)](2+) species decreases with increasing N-ligand bulk in the following order: dpa>pla>Bn-dla. Decomposition of the most hindered [M(II)(cod)(Bn-dla)](2+) complexes proceeds by a second-order process. The kinetic rate expression v=k(obs)[M(II)](2) in acetone with k(obs)=k'[H(+)][S], where [S] is the concentration of additional coordinating reagents (MeCN), is in agreement with ligand-assisted dissociation of one of the pyridine donors. Solvent coordination results in formation of more open, reactive species. Protonation of the noncoordinating pyridyl group increases the concentration of this species, and thus [H(+)] appears in the kinetic rate expression. The kinetic data are in agreement with bimolecular hydrogen-atom transfer from M(II)(cod) to another M(II) species (DeltaH( not equal)=11.5+/-2 kcal mol(-1), DeltaS( not equal)=-27+/-10 cal K(-1) mol(-1), and DeltaG( not equal)(298 K)=19.5+/-5 kcal mol(-1)).
authors.affiliation: Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dennis G H
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Hetterscheid
authors.forename: Martijn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klop
authors.forename: Reinout J N A M
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Kicken
authors.forename: Jan M M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Smits
authors.forename: Eduard J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Reijerse
authors.forename: Bas
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: de Bruin
mesh_terms: D000498:Allyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D000577:Amides / Q000737:chemistry; D000588:Amines / Q000737:chemistry; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000737:chemistry*; D007495:Iridium / Q000737:chemistry*; D008024:Ligands; D008433:Mathematics; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012238:Rhodium / Q000737:chemistry*; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000498:Allyl Compounds; D000577:Amides; D000588:Amines; D008024:Ligands; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D007495:Iridium; D006859:Hydrogen; D012238:Rhodium; D009584:Nitrogen