title: Evaluation of the beta2-adrenergic receptor gene as a candidate glaucoma gene in 2 ancestral populations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) gene is a glaucoma susceptibility locus.
  
  
  METHODS
  The design was an association study stratified by ancestry (white vs black African) and disease (primary open-angle glaucoma vs control subjects). The ADRB2 single nucleotide polymorphisms were determined by sequencing, and the haplotypes of the common single nucleotide polymorphisms affecting codons 16 and 27 were phased by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme digestion. We analyzed the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes by ancestry and disease with the Fisher exact test, chi(2) test, and standardized Pearson residual.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 583 subjects underwent genotyping (156 white subjects with primary open-angle glaucoma; 143 subjects of black African ancestry with primary open-angle glaucoma; 148 white controls; and 136 controls of black African ancestry). There were no differences in ADRB2 alleles and haplotypes between the primary open-angle glaucoma and control groups, whether analyzed together or by ancestry. Previously described ancestry-based differences in allele frequencies were found. We also found ancestry-based differences in ADRB2 haplotypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ADRB2 gene was not a glaucoma susceptibility locus in our study population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because this gene is not a disease locus, we can now study the role of ADRB2 haplotypes in the glaucoma risk factor of intraocular pressure fluctuation and variation in intraocular pressure response to beta-blockers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: McLaren
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Musch
authors.forename: Catherine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Downs
authors.forename: Misao E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Higashi
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santiago
authors.forename: Pauline A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Radenbaugh
authors.forename: R Rand
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Allingham
authors.forename: Julia E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: Sayoko E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Moroi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D044383:Black People; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000235:genetics*; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2