title: A virtual-accelerator-based verification of a Monte Carlo dose calculation algorithm for electron beam treatment planning in clinical situations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The introduction of Monte Carlo (MC) techniques for treatment planning and also for verification purposes will have considerable impact on the radiation therapy planning process. The aim of this work was to use a virtual accelerator to study the performance of a MC-based electron dose calculation algorithm, implemented in a commercial treatment planning system.
  
  
  METHODS
  The performance in phantoms containing air and bone as well as in patient-specific geometries (thorax wall, nose, parotid gland and spinal cord) has been studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The agreement between the virtual accelerator and the MC dose calculation algorithm is generally very good. A gamma-evaluation with criteria of 0.03 Gy/3 mm (per Gy at the depth of maximum dose) shows that, even for the worst cases, only a small volume of about 1.5% has gamma>1.0. In the worst case, with the 0.02 Gy/2 mm criteria, about 92% of the volume receiving more than 0.85 Gy per 100 monitor units (MU) has gamma-values <1.0. The corresponding value for the volume receiving more than 0.10 Gy/100 MU is about 98%. For the 18 MeV spinal-cord case, where a 6 x 20 cm2 insert is used, the TPS underestimates the dose outside the primary field due to inadequate modelling of the insert.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The possibility of dose calculations in typical patient cases makes the virtual accelerator a powerful tool for validation and evaluation of dose calculation algorithms present in treatment planning systems.
authors.affiliation: Radiation Physics, Lund University Hospital, Sweden. elinore.wieslander@skane.se
authors.forename: Elinore
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wieslander
authors.forename: Tommy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Knöös
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004583:Electrons; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D010315:Particle Accelerators; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage / Q000592:standards; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*