title: Body composition of obese subjects by air displacement plethysmography: The influence of hydration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated whether air displacement plethysmography (ADP) could detect small changes in body composition of obese subjects with alterations in hydration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten obese subjects (mean BMI, 39.3 +/- 2.8 kg/m2) entered the ADP chamber without and with oil (1, 2, or 4 liters), water (1, 2, or 4 liters), or mixed (1 liter oil + 1 liter water or 2 liters oil + 2 liters water) loads. Real and measured changes in body composition were compared by regression analysis and Bland-Altman procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ADP-measured changes in volume did not differ from the real values and were strongly correlated with them (r = 0.98). In all cases, loads of differing composition and similar volume led to different values of fat, fat-free mass, and percentage fat. Water was detected as increased fat-free mass only with loads of > or =2 liters, most of the water being falsely detected as increased fat mass. The observed changes were correlated with the real ones for fat mass (r = 0.68; p < 0.0001), fat-free mass (r = 0.66; p < 0.0001), and percentage fat (r = 0.61; p < 0.0001), but fat mass changes were overestimated by approximately 1 kg, and fat-free mass changes were underestimated by approximately 1 kg. This underestimation increased with the highest water loads, as shown by the Bland-Altman plot (r = -0.27; p < 0.05). Percentage fat changes were overestimated by 0.8% (p < 0.001); the magnitude of the error was correlated with the weight of the water load (r = 0.62; p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ADP accurately measures changes in body volume, discriminating small changes in body composition. It overestimates changes in adiposity, as most of the increased hydration is detected as an enlarged fat mass.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition-Diabétologie, USN, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Avenue de Magellan, 33600 Pessac, France.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Le Carvennec
authors.forename: Cédric
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fagour
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Adenis-Lamarre
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Perlemoine
authors.forename: Henri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gin
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rigalleau
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000388:Air; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D001834:Body Water / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010991:Plethysmography / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity