title: Na(v)1.7 sodium channel expression in human lingual nerve neuromas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Peripheral branches of the trigeminal nerve are often damaged during the removal of lower third molar teeth, and a small proportion of patients who sustain an injury develop persistent chronic pain. The cause of the pain is not clear and there are no satisfactory methods of treatment. The aim of the present study was to examine the expression of the sodium channel subtype Na(v)1.7 in damaged human lingual nerves, and to identify any association between Na(v)1.7 expression and reported symptoms of dysaesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven neuromas-in-continuity (NICs) and 11 nerve-end neuromas (NENs) were studied, and were all obtained at the time of surgical repair of the damaged lingual nerve. Specimens were categorised as being obtained from patients with symptoms or without symptoms, according to the degree of pain, tingling or discomfort that had been experienced. The tissue was prepared and processed for indirect immunofluorescence, and image analysis was used to quantify the percentage area of PGP 9.5-labelled tissue that also contained Na(v)1.7.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results demonstrated that sodium channel Na(v)1.7 was expressed in human lingual nerve neuromas. There was no direct relationship between the level of expression of Na(v)1.7 and the patients' symptoms of dysaesthesia. However, in NICs there was found to be an inverse correlation between Na(v)1.7 and macrophage expression, and in symptomatic NICs a direct correlation was found between Na(v)1.7 expression and axonal apposition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that Na(v)1.7 expression alone does not play a primary role in initiating the painful symptoms of dysaesthesia. The development of neuropathic pain may involve complex interactions including changes in ultrastructure and ion channel density.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Surgery, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield S10 2TA, United Kingdom. e.v.bird@sheffield.ac.uk
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Bird
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Boissonade
mesh_terms: D001369:Axons / Q000473:pathology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D003390:Cranial Nerve Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008036:Lingual Nerve / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000473:pathology; D062556:NAV1.7 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; D009463:Neuroma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010292:Paresthesia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000032:analysis*; D014059:Tongue / Q000294:innervation; D014060:Tongue Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D043222:Ubiquitin Thiolesterase / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D062556:NAV1.7 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; C486866:SCN9A protein, human; D015222:Sodium Channels; C482860:UCHL1 protein, human; D043222:Ubiquitin Thiolesterase