title: Effects of vasodilation on intrinsic optical signals in the mammalian brain: a phantom study.
abstract: Using a broadband spectral technique, we recently showed [J. Biomed. Opt. 10, 064009 (2005)] that during visual stimulation of the cat brain there were not only changes in oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin levels, reminiscent of the optical blood oxygenation level dependence (BOLD) effect reported in humans, but also the apparent water content of the tissue and the optical scattering contribution decreased during stimulation. These relatively fast changes (in seconds) in water tissue content are difficult to explain in physiological terms. We developed a simple model to explain how local vasodilation, which occurs as a result of the stimulation, could cause this apparent change in water content. We show that in a phantom model we can obtain spectral effects similar to those observed in the cat brain such as the apparent decrease of the water spectral component without changing the water content of the bath in which the phantom measurements were performed. Furthermore, using the phantom model, we show that the relative apparent changes in the spectral components due to vasodilation during stimulation are roughly comparable in magnitude to the changes in tissue chromophores due to the optical equivalent of the BOLD effect reported in the literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Kandice
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanner
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Beitel
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: D'Amico
authors.forename: William W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Mantulin
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gratton
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000502:physiology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008959:Models, Neurological; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D010100:Oxygen