title: Role of video-assisted thoracic surgery for the diagnosis of indeterminate pulmonary nodule.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A study was undertaken to evaluate the validity and efficacy of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for the diagnosis of indeterminate pulmonary nodules.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between April 2001 and November 2004, 57 adult patients (31 males, 26 females) with a clinical diagnosis of pulmonary nodules by preoperative chest computed tomographic (CT) scanning were included in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A definitive tissue diagnosis was obtained in all 57 patients. The mean age of the patients was 66+/-9.8 yrs. The mean size of the tumor was 1.76+/-0.67 cm. 38 patients (67%) had malignant disease. Twenty eight patients (49%) had primary lung cancer and 10 patients (18%) had metastatic lung cancer from an extrathoracic primary neoplasm. The rate of malignancy was 65% in the tumor sizes equal to or less than 2 cm. Among primary lung cancer, most patients had primary adenocarcinoma (24 cases)(86%). Pathologic staging showed T1N0 (stage IA) in 18 cases (69%), T2N0 (stage IB) in 4 cases (15%), T2N1 (stage IIB) in 1 case (4%), and T1N2 (stage IIIA) in 3 cases (12%). In 10 patients (18%) who required preoperative placement of a localization hookwire with a string near the nodule, the rate of malignancy was 70%. In 7 patients with positive positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), the rate of malignancy was 57% and proved to be falsely positive in 3 cases (43%). There was no operative mortality and no significant morbidity in all cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We proposed that VATS, which is safe and offers virtually 100% sensitivity and specificity, should be performed for most small (<3 cm in diameter) and all indeterminate pulmonary lesions on the basis of these results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: Yoshiharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hamanaka
authors.forename: Norimasa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mitsui
authors.forename: Kiyohiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morifuji
authors.forename: Shinnosuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uegami
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D003074:Solitary Pulmonary Nodule / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted