title: Epidemiology and eradication of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IBR/IPV) virus in Finland.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IBR/IPV) is a significant disease among domestic and wild cattle. The BHV-1 infection was first detected in Finland in 1970; presumably it was imported in 1968. The infection reappeared in the large-scale bulk-tank milk surveillances which started in 1990, and was eradicated in 1994. Our aim is to describe the epidemiology of this infection in Finland, and its eradication.
  
  
  METHODS
  The official sources of pertinent information, the legal basis for the disease control and the serological methods for the detection of the infection are described.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ten AI bulls were found to be seropositive in 1970-1971. The total number of herds with BHV-1 antibody positive animals in the large-scale surveillance in 1990 and subsequent epidemiological investigations in 1991 was five, and the total number of seropositive animals was 90. The five herds formed three epidemiological units; semen of at least one bull seropositive in 1971 had been used in each unit. This remained the only plausible route of infection in each of the three units. Using the 'test and slaughter' approach and total stamping out in one herd the infection was eradicated in 1994.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, National Veterinary and Food Research Institute EELA, PO Box 45, FI-00581 Helsinki, Finland. lasse.nuotio@evira.fi
authors.forename: Lasse
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nuotio
authors.forename: Erkki
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Neuvonen
authors.forename: Mauno
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hyytiäinen
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002417:Cattle; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D007242:Herpesvirus 1, Bovine / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007241:Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D009500:Neutralization Tests / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral