title: Risk and security in childbirth.
abstract: Risk and security are often defined as being complementary. Security is based on risk calculations, which undergo constant change. An increasing number of abnormalities can be uncovered in the human body, and more and more people are defined as being at risk for various diseases or at risk as child bearers. The aim of this paper is to examine the notion of risk, and to understand it in different ways as it is applied to childbirth. General and professional perspectives on risk are different; views vary as to what constitutes acceptable risk, and the association between normalcy and complications is socially and culturally determined. Figures for risk and reliability are not objective values. The safe and the risky are anchored in certain symbol systems. Alternative and dialogic notions have been introduced in conversations and thinking about risk, and medicalism and paternalism have been questioned. This questioning has thus far had little influence on clinical practice. The two opposite perspectives of risk and security in the area of pregnancy and birth should be taken into consideration. The childbearing woman has preferences of her own. Dialog with the health professional and information about professional facts and professional uncertainty should be offered.
authors.affiliation: Stord/Haugesund University College, Norway. tone.kringeland@hsh.no
authors.forename: Tone
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kringeland
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Möller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D036801:Parturition; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors