title: The relationship between exposure to alcohol advertising in stores, owning alcohol promotional items, and adolescent alcohol use.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper describes adolescents' exposure to alcohol advertising in stores and to alcohol-branded promotional items and their association with self-reported drinking.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey was administered in non-tracked required courses to sixth, seventh, and eighth graders (n = 2125) in three California middle schools. Logistic regressions compared the odds of ever (vs. never) drinking and current (vs. ever) drinking after controlling for psychosocial and other risk factors for adolescent alcohol use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two-thirds of middle school students reported at least weekly visits to liquor, convenience, or small grocery stores where alcohol advertising is widespread. Such exposure was associated with higher odds of ever drinking, but was not associated with current drinking. One-fifth of students reported owning at least one alcohol promotional item. These students were three times more likely to have ever tried drinking and 1.5 times more likely to report current drinking than students without such items.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides clear evidence of an association of adolescent drinking with weekly exposure to alcohol advertising in stores and with ownership of alcohol promotional items. Given their potential influence on adolescent drinking behaviour, retail ads, and promotional items for alcohol deserve further study.
authors.affiliation: Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine 211 Quarry Road, N229 Stanford, CA 94305-5705, USA. hurtzsq@csus.edu
authors.forename: Shannon Q
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Hurtz
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Henriksen
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ellen C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Feighery
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Fortmann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000329:Advertising; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages; D002140:California; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology; D010379:Peer Group; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012650:Self Disclosure; D012931:Social Environment; D013223:Statistics as Topic