title: Demonstration of mitochondrial oestrogen receptor beta and oestrogen-induced attenuation of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I expression in human periodontal ligament cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells express oestrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) protein, but cellular functions regulated by ERbeta in these cells have not been identified. In this study we determine if ERbeta is localised to mitochondria and if oestrogen regulates mitochondrial function in human PDL cells obtained from teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subcellular distribution of ERbeta was determined by confocal microscopy of cells co-stained with ERbeta antibody and the mitochondrion-selective probe MitoTracker and by immunogold electron microscopy. Expression of the mitochondrial enzyme cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, involved in oxidative phosphorylation, was determined by Western blotting in cells treated with or without physiological concentrations of the endogenous oestrogen 17beta-oestradiol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ERbeta immunoreactivity was observed both in the nuclei and the cytoplasm. MitoTracker-labelling was observed in the cytoplasm, especially in the perinuclear region, but not in the nuclei. Co-localisation of ERbeta and MitoTracker was observed in cells derived from both male and female subjects. Mitochondrial localisation of ERbeta was confirmed by immunogold electron microscopy. Cells treated with or without 17beta-oestradiol (100 nM) displayed an identical pattern of staining for mitochondria. Treatment with 100 nM 17beta-oestradiol attenuated cytochrome c oxidase subunit I expression by about 30%, while combined treatment with 17beta-oestradiol and the ER blocker ICI 182780 (10 microM) had no effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates mitochondrial localisation of ERbeta and oestrogen-induced decrease in the expression of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I in human PDL cells, suggesting that oestrogen probably via ERbeta influences mitochondrial function and PDL cell energy metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC F12, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jönsson
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: Malin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Odenlund
authors.forename: Gunilla
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bratthall
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Broman
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ekblad
authors.forename: Marie-Louise
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lydrup
authors.forename: Bengt-Olof
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Nilsson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000447:Aldehydes; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000032:analysis*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D000077267:Fulvestrant; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000201:enzymology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure*
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D004967:Estrogens; C111472:mitotracker green FM; D000077267:Fulvestrant; D004958:Estradiol; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV