title: High mobility group A2 is a target for miRNA-98 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  HMGA2 expression has been shown to be associated with enhanced selective chemosensitivity towards the topoisomerase (topo) II inhibitor, doxorubicin, in cancer cells. Although the roles of signaling cascades and proteins as regulatory factors in development, neoplasia and adaptation to the environment are becoming well established, evidence for the involvement of regulatory small RNA molecules, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) as important regulators of both transcriptional and posttranscriptional gene silencing is presently mounting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here we report that HMGA2 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells is regulated in part by miRNA-98 (miR-98). Albeit HMGA2 is associated with enhanced selective chemosensitivity towards topoisomerase (topo) II inhibitor, doxorubicin in HNSCC, the expression of HMGA2 is thwarted by hypoxia. This is accompanied by enhanced expression of miRNA-98 and other miRNAs, which predictably target HMGA2. Moreover, we show that transfection of pre-miR-98trade mark during normoxia diminishes HMGA2 and potentiates resistance to doxorubicin and cisplatin. These findings implicate the role of a miRNA as a key element in modulating tumors in variable microenvironments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These studies validate the observation that HMGA2 plays a prominent role in governing genotoxic responses. However, this may only represent cells growing under normal oxygen tensions. The demonstration that miRNA profiles are altered during hypoxia and repress a genotoxic response indicates that changes in microenvironment in eukaryotes mimic those of lower species and plants, where, for example, abiotic stresses regulate the expression of thousands of genes in plants at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels through a number of miRNAs and other small regulatory RNAs.
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic Sciences and Pathology, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland 21201-1586, USA. Chebert@umaryland.edu
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hebert
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Scheper
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nikitakis
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sauk
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D025743:HMGA2 Protein / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D025743:HMGA2 Protein; D035683:MicroRNAs