title: Depression, C-reactive protein and two-year major adverse cardiac events in men after acute coronary syndromes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated the impact of depression and inflammatory markers, assessed 2 months after acute coronary syndrome (ACS), on major adverse cardiac events over 2 years (MACEs; cardiac death, survived myocardial infarction, survived cardiac arrest, and nonelective revascularization).
  
  
  METHODS
  Depression symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II; BDI-II), major depression, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule were assessed in 741 ACS patients (including 602 men).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Some 102 (78 men) experienced at least one MACE. Beck Depression Inventory-II scores of > or =14 predicted MACEs (p = .007). The increase in risk was marked in men (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.24-3.09, p = .004), with little evidence of a relationship in women (p = .85). Subsequent analyses were limited to men. Results were similar after covariate adjustment (HR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.07-2.77, p = .024). C-reactive protein levels were also associated with increased MACE risk (adjusted HR for CRP > or = 2.0 mg/L = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.07-2.62, p = .025). C-reactive protein levels and BDI-II scores interacted in predicting MACEs. Men with both BDI-II scores of > or =14 and CRP of > or =2.0 mg/L experienced an increase in risk similar to those with only one of these factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In men assessed 2 months after ACS, depression and CRP are overlapping prognostic risks. Patients with either risk may benefit from similar therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and School of Nursing, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. nancy.frasure-smith@mcgill.ca
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Frasure-Smith
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lespérance
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Irwin
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sauvé
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lespérance
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Théroux
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology / Q000523:psychology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology / Q000523:psychology*; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D002097:C-Reactive Protein