Targeting serum antibody for cancer diagnosis: a focus on colorectal cancer.
The ability of the immune system to magnify the appearance of disease by generating relatively large amounts of antibody in response to small amounts of disease makes it a natural biosensor, and serum antibodies have emerged as promising biomarkers for the detection of cancer. This review summarizes recent progress in targeting serum antibodies for cancer diagnosis, with a particular focus on colorectal cancer (CRC). Several serum antibodies have been detected at increased levels in CRC patients, including p53, carcinoembryonic antigen, Ras, topoisomerase II-alpha, histone deacetylase 3 and 5, ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L3, tropomyosin and cyclin B1. As each antibody is only present in a limited proportion of patients (usually < 40%), a combination of serum antibodies that defines the 'immunological signature' of cancer needs to be developed. High-throughput methods to identify new serum antibodies for cancer diagnosis are also reviewed.
Lu
Hailing
H
Tumor Vaccine Group, Center for Translational Medicine in Women's Health, University of Washington, 815 Mercer Street, Room 219, Seattle, WA, USA. hlu@u.washington.edu
Goodell
Vivian
V
Disis
Mary L
ML
D000818:Animals; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm / Q000097:blood*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans
D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor