title: Postmortem determination of concentrations of stress hormones in various body fluids--is there a dependency between adrenaline/noradrenaline quotient, cause of death and agony time?
abstract: To find out whether a certain cause of death or a certain length of an agonal period shows specific adrenaline or noradrenaline profiles, heart blood, femoral vein blood, liquor, urine and vitreous humour were taken from corpses (n = 98) at the Medical School Hannover, and noradrenaline and adrenaline were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Corpses were classified according to the following five categories: short agony, long agony, state after hanging, state after asphyxiation and state after CPR with documented administration of epinephrine. Once results were collected the adrenaline/noradrenaline quotient was determined. It became clear that there were no significant differences regarding the concentration of adrenaline and noradrenaline in the various body fluids in relation to the above-mentioned categories. The means adrenaline/noradrenaline quotients in femoral vein blood were 0.21 +/- 0.29 for hanged persons, 0.38 +/- 0.47 for asphyxiated persons, 0.17 +/- 0.19 for those with short agony and 0.42 +/- 0.43 for those with long agony, significantly below 1 (p < 0.001; p = 0.001; p = 0.003). For condition after CPR we found an adrenaline/noradrenaline quotient of 2.81 +/- 5.8. In liquor the adrenaline/noradrenaline quotients for short agony was 0.17 +/- 0.17, for hanged persons 0.18 +/- 0.19 and for asphyxiated ones 0.30 +/- 0.38, significantly lower than 1 (p < 0.001). In urine the adrenaline/noradrenaline quotients for all categories are lower than 1 (p < 0.001); short agony (0.13 +/- 0.09), long agony (0.21 +/- 0.16), hanged (0.15 +/- 0.16), asphyxiated (0.14 +/- 0.08) and CPR (0.14 +/- 0.06). In vitreous humour the quotients for short agony (0.14 +/- 0.28), long agony (0.13 +/- 0.12), hanged (0.07 +/- 0.09) and asphyxiated (0.09 +/- 0.11) are lower than 1 (p < 0.001). The spread of data for the adrenaline/noradrenaline quotient did not allow for any conclusions about cause of death and length of agony in individual cases.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical School Hannover, Hanover, Germany. wilke.nadine@mh-hannover.de
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wilke
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fahrenhorst
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hecker
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Manns
authors.forename: E-G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Brabant
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Tröger
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Breitmeier
mesh_terms: D001237:Asphyxia / Q000378:metabolism*; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D049429:Forensic Pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019838:Neck Injuries / Q000378:metabolism; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism*; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D013048:Specimen Handling; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine