title: High zinc concentrations reduce rooting capacity and alter metallothionein gene expression in white poplar (Populus alba L. cv. Villafranca).
abstract: Poplar is a good candidate for phytoremediation purposes because of its rapid growth, extensive root system, and ease of propagation and transformation; however its tolerance to heavy metals has not been fully investigated yet. In the present work, an in vitro model system with shoot cultures was used to investigate the tolerance to high concentrations of zinc (Zn) of a commercial clone (Villafranca) of Populus alba. Based on chlorophyll content (leaf chlorosis) and the rate of adventitious root formation from shoot cuttings as parameters of damage, 0.5-4mM zinc concentrations were all toxic albeit to different extents. Northern blot and reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR analyses were used to examine the expression profiles of types 1, 2 and 3 PaMT genes in stems, leaves and roots of plants exposed to Zn treatments. In leaves, MT1 and MT3 mRNA levels were enhanced by Zn, while MT2 transcripts were not affected. The PaMT expression profiles were differentially affected by Zn in an organ-specific manner, and the relationship with Zn concentration and exposure time was rarely linear. The developmental and molecular data reveal that the in vitro model is a sensitive and reliable system to study heavy metal stress responses.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Castiglione
authors.forename: Cinzia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Franchin
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fossati
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lingua
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Torrigiani
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Biondi
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D019976:Cloning, Organism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000378:metabolism; D032107:Populus / Q000187:drug effects*; D015032:Zinc / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D002734:Chlorophyll; D008668:Metallothionein; D015032:Zinc