title: Cystoid puncture for chronic cystoid macular oedema.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the new surgical technique of cystoid macular oedema puncture (CMOP) in patients with longstanding cystoid macular oedema refractory to standard treatments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interventional, retrospective case series
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of patients with chronic cystoid macular oedema from vascular retinopathy for whom maximal medical or surgical treatment failed and who underwent pars plana vitrectomy and CMOP. Clinical findings, best-corrected Snellen visual acuity, stereo colour fundus photography, intravenous fluorescein angiograms, and optical coherence tomography were obtained before and after treatment to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven patients were included in the study. Cystoid macular oedema was due to diabetic retinopathy in five patients, central retinal vein occlusion in one patient and branch retinal vein occlusion in one patient. Preoperative intravitreal steroids failed for all patients, and three patients also had focal grid photocoagulation. Previous pars plana vitrectomy, with elevation of the posterior hyaloid, internal limiting membrane peeling, and intravitreal steroid injection, had failed in three patients. The median time to CMOP was 488 days. Resolution or improvement of cystoid oedema occurred in all patients as determined by fluorescein angiography or optical coherence tomography, or both. However, visual acuity was unchanged in five patients, declined in one patient and stable in one patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although cystoid macular oedema does improve quantitatively after CMOP, the technique fails to improve visual acuity in patients.
authors.affiliation: Digital Optical Coherence, Tomography Reading Center (DOCTR), 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Rishi P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Margolis
authors.forename: Peter K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Kaiser
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D011677:Punctures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity