title: Near-infrared (NIR) to red and green up-conversion emission from silica sol-gel thin films made with La(0.45)Yb(0.50)Er(0.05)F(3) nanoparticles, hetero-looping-enhanced energy transfer (Hetero-LEET): a new up-conversion process.
abstract: Bright green and red luminescence has been generated with a 980 nm diode laser from silica sol-gel thin films made with La0.45Yb0.50Er0.05F3 nanoparticles through a newly described hetero-looping-enhanced energy-transfer (hetero-LEET) up-conversion process, which exhibits a power dependence similar to that of a photon avalanche (PA). The hetero-LEET mechanism is potentially more efficient than PA, ground-state absorption/excited-state absorption (GSA/ESA), and energy-transfer (ETU) mechanisms because it combines resonant ground-state absorption with a looping or feedback process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Sri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sivakumar
authors.forename: Frank C J M
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: van Veggel
authors.forename: P Stanley
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: May
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D004735:Energy Transfer; D004871:Erbium / Q000737:chemistry; D005461:Fluorine / Q000737:chemistry; D007811:Lanthanum / Q000737:chemistry; D007834:Lasers; D049449:Luminescence; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D044367:Phase Transition; D017785:Photons; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D015018:Ytterbium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D005461:Fluorine; D007811:Lanthanum; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D004871:Erbium; D015018:Ytterbium