title: Is aqueductal stroke volume, measured with cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging scans useful in predicting outcome of shunt surgery in suspected normal pressure hydrocephalus?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate clinical usefulness of cerebrospinal fluid stroke volume (SV) assessed in the cerebral aqueduct, via cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging, for predicting outcome after shunt surgery in suspected normal pressure hydrocephalus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight patients with suspected normal pressure hydrocephalus were included. SV was assessed using cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging, and the results were kept blinded until postoperative follow-up after 7 +/- 5.8 months (mean +/- standard deviation). Selection to surgery was based on a positive lumbar infusion test or cerebrospinal fluid tap test, and outcome was evaluated with objective tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six patients were excluded from SV measurements because of technical difficulties. Eight patients were not operated (negative lumbar infusion test and cerebrospinal fluid tap test). SV in the not operated patients (mean, 66 +/- 53 microl) did not differ from the operated patients (95 +/- 78 microl; P = 0.335). Operated patients showed statistically significant improvements in walk (P = 0.020), reaction time (P = 0.006), and memory (P = 0.001) tests. Patients were divided into three groups according to SV range: low (0-50 microl), middle (51-100 microl), and high (>100 microl). No statistically significant (P > 0.05) improvements in any of the objective tests were found in any of the SV ranges. The numbers of individually improved patients were similar in the different SV ranges: six out of seven in the low, nine out of nine in the middle, and five out of eight in the high range. Weak correlations were found between SV and the initial pulse amplitude (Rs = 0.043; P = 0.014) as well as the plateau pulse amplitude (Rs = 0.043; P = 0.014) as measured with the lumbar infusion test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data from this study show no evidence that cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging measurements of SV in the cerebral aqueduct are useful for selecting patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus symptoms to shunt surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. Babar.kahlon@med.lu.se
authors.forename: Babar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kahlon
authors.forename: Mårten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Annertz
authors.forename: Freddy
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ståhlberg
authors.forename: Stig
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rehncrona
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002535:Cerebral Aqueduct / Q000502:physiology*; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006850:Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome