title: Annual zoledronate increases bone density in highly active antiretroviral therapy-treated human immunodeficiency virus-infected men: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have reported low bone mineral density (BMD) in HIV-infected patients. Annual iv administration of 4 mg zoledronate has been shown to increase BMD and suppress bone turnover in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to determine whether annual administration of 4 mg zoledronate will increase BMD in HIV-infected men receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 2-yr randomized placebo-controlled trial was conducted in a clinical research center.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 43 HIV-infected men were treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy for at least 3 months, with BMD T score less than -0.5.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants received annual iv administration of 4 mg zoledronate or placebo. All participants took 400 mg/d calcium and 1.25 mg/month vitamin D.
  
  
  METHODS
  BMD at the lumbar spine, total hip and total body, and bone turnover markers were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the lumbar spine, BMD increased by 8.9% over 2 yr in the zoledronate group compared with an increase of 2.6% in the control group (P<0.001). At the total hip, BMD increased by 3.8% over 2 yr in the zoledronate group compared with a decrease of 0.8% in the control group (P<0.001). At the total body, BMD increased by 2.3% over 2 yr compared with a decrease of 0.5% in the control group (P<0.001). Urine N-telopeptide decreased by 60% at 3 months in the zoledronate group and thereafter remained stable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Annual administration of zoledronate is a potent and effective therapy for the prevention or treatment of bone loss in HIV-infected men. The current data provide the first trial evidence of the BMD effects of annual zoledronate beyond 1 yr in any population, as well as being the first reported trial in men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, and Department of Infectious Diseases, Auckland Hospital, New Zealand. m.bolland@auckland.ac.nz
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bolland
authors.forename: Andrew B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Grey
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Horne
authors.forename: Simon E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Briggs
authors.forename: Mark G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Rod B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Ellis-Pegler
authors.forename: Andrew F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Woodhouse
authors.forename: Greg D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Gamble
authors.forename: Ian R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Reid
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D015992:Body Mass Index; D049628:Body Size; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates; D007093:Imidazoles; D010919:Placebos; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid