Probiotic supplementation for the first 6 months of life fails to reduce the risk of atopic dermatitis and increases the risk of allergen sensitization in high-risk children: a randomized controlled trial.
BACKGROUND
Despite preliminary evidence, the role of probiotics in allergy prevention is unclear.


OBJECTIVE
To determine whether early probiotic supplementation prevents allergic disease in high-risk infants.


METHODS
Newborns of women with allergy (n = 231) received either Lactobacillus acidophilus (LAVRI-A1) or placebo daily for the first 6 months of life. Children were assessed for atopic dermatitis (AD) and other symptoms at 6 and 12 months and had allergen skin prick tests (SPT) at 12 months of age.


RESULTS
A total of 178 infants completed the supplementation period. Those in the probiotic group showed significantly higher rates of Lactobacillus colonization (P = .039). At 6 months, AD rates were similar in the probiotic (n = 23/89; 25.8%) and placebo (n = 20/88; 22.7%) groups (P = .629). There was also no difference at 12 months, although the proportion of children with SPT+AD was significantly higher in the probiotic group (P = .045). At 12 months, the rate of sensitization was significantly higher in the probiotic group (P = .030). The presence of culturable Lactobacilli or Bifidobacterium in stools in the first month of life was not associated with the risk of subsequent sensitization or disease; however, the presence of Lactobacillus at 6 months of age was associated with increased risk of subsequent cow's milk sensitization (P = .012).


CONCLUSIONS
Early probiotic supplementation with L acidophilus did not reduce the risk of AD in high-risk infants and was associated with increased allergen sensitization in infants receiving supplements. The long-term significance of the increased rate of sensitization needs to be investigated in further studies.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings challenge the role of probiotics in allergy prevention.
Taylor
Angie L
AL
School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
Dunstan
Janet A
JA
Prescott
Susan L
SL
D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000209:etiology*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007779:Lactobacillus acidophilus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012882:Skin Tests
D000485:Allergens