title: Black and White women's perspectives on femininity.
abstract: The authors explore how Black and White women view three aspects of normative femininity, and whether self-rated femininity is related to feminism. Through telephone surveys, a nationally representative sample of women (N=1130) rated themselves on feminism and items derived from Collins' (2004) benchmarks of femininity: feminine appearance, traits, and traditional gender role ideology. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed both groups conceptualized femininity as including the same dimensions, although Black women rated themselves higher on items related to feminine appearance. Among White women, traditional gender ideology was negatively related to feminism; among Black women, wearing feminine clothes was positively related to feminism. Results are discussed in terms of possibilities for resistance to the hegemonic concept of femininity that both groups share.
authors.affiliation: Center for Afro-American and African Studies, Women's Studies Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1290, USA. ecole@umich.edu
authors.forename: Elizabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: Alyssa N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Zucker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D044383:Black People / Q000523:psychology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D019513:Feminism; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008875:Middle Aged; D012649:Self Concept; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology*; D001741:Black or African American