title: Macroporous ultramicroelectrodes for improved electroanalytical measurements.
abstract: Recent work on the preparation of highly organized macroporous electrodes and nanoporous ultramicroelectrodes has been combined and extended to elaborate macroporous ultramicroelectrodes (UMEs) by template synthesis using colloidal crystals and following two different and complementary methods. On the one hand, arched porous UMEs were prepared, and on the other hand, cylindrical porous UMEs were obtained by using cavity UMEs. These macroporous UMEs have an active surface area which is up to 2 orders of magnitude higher compared to that of a classical disk UME as characterized by cyclic voltammetry. To study their analytical performance, the macroporous UMEs have been modified with a redox-active thiol and also a model bioelectrocatalytical system containing a redox mediator, a cofactor, and glucose-dehydrogenase. In both cases the electrochemical signal is amplified by up to 2 orders of magnitude, which increases significantly the analytical performance of such electrodes and therefore opens up new applications for this kind of miniaturized electrochemical system.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Analyse Chimique par Reconnaissance Moléculaire, ENSCPB, 16 avenue Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac, France.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Szamocki
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Velichko
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Holzapfel
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mücklich
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ravaine
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Garrigue
authors.forename: Neso
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sojic
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hempelmann
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuhn