title: Prophylactic oophorectomy in women at increased cancer risk.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bilateral prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy is widely used for cancer risk reduction in women with BRCA1/2 mutations. Bilateral prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy significantly reduces breast cancer risk by approximately 50% and ovarian cancer risk by 80-95% but may be accompanied by menopausal symptoms, impaired quality of life and accelerated bone loss. Therefore, decisions regarding the timing of bilateral prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy and the use of post-bilateral prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy hormone replacement therapy must be carefully considered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over the last year, studies have further examined issues related to quality of life associated with bilateral prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy and have demonstrated that hormone replacement therapy following bilateral prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy in unaffected women does not negate the breast cancer risk reduction that bilateral prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy provides. Studies have provided additional information on the residual risk of cancer following bilateral prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy, have demonstrated its benefit in Lynch syndrome and have suggested a short-term mortality benefit following bilateral prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We review the recent studies regarding bilateral prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy and their implications for the clinical management of women who are at increased cancer risk.
authors.affiliation: Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Domchek
authors.forename: Timothy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Rebbeck
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003123:Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis / Q000601:surgery; D003657:Decision Making; D005187:Fallopian Tubes / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D019398:Genes, BRCA1; D024522:Genes, BRCA2; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D018095:Germ-Line Mutation; D006801:Humans; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010052:Ovariectomy; D011788:Quality of Life