title: Kinetic and mutational analyses of the major cytosolic exopolyphosphatase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
abstract: Yeast exopolyphosphatase (scPPX) processively splits off the terminal phosphate group from linear polyphosphates longer than pyrophosphate. scPPX belongs to the DHH phosphoesterase superfamily and is evolutionarily close to the well characterized family II pyrophosphatase (PPase). Here, we used steady-state kinetic and binding measurements to elucidate the metal cofactor requirement for scPPX catalysis over the pH range 4.2-9.5. A single tight binding site for Mg(2+) (K(d) of 24 microm) was detected by equilibrium dialysis. Steady-state kinetic analysis of tripolyphosphate hydrolysis revealed a second site that binds Mg(2+) in the millimolar range and modulates substrate binding. This step requires two protonated and two deprotonated enzyme groups with pK(a) values of 5.0-5.3 and 7.6-8.2, respectively. The catalytic step requiring two deprotonated groups (pK(a) of 4.6 and 5.6) is modulated by ionization of a third group (pK(a) of 8.7). Conservative mutations of Asp(127), His(148), His(149) (conserved in scPPX and PPase), and Asn(35) (His in PPase) reduced activity by a factor of 600-5000. N35H and D127E substitutions reduced the Mg(2+) affinity of the tight binding site by 25-60-fold. Contrary to expectations, the N35H variant was unable to hydrolyze pyrophosphate, but markedly altered metal cofactor specificity, displaying higher catalytic activity with Co(2+) bound to the weak binding site versus the Mg(2+)- or Mn(2+)-bound enzyme. These results provide an initial step toward understanding the dynamics of scPPX catalysis and reveal significant functional differences between structurally similar scPPX and family II PPase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tammenkoski
authors.affiliation: A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, Russia.
authors.forename: ViktorM
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Moiseev
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lahti
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ugochukwu
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: T Harma C
authors.initials: THC
authors.lastname: Brondijk
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland. Electronic address: reijo.lahti@utu.fi.
authors.forename: Reijo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lahti
authors.affiliation: A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, Russia. Electronic address: baykov@genebee.msu.su.
authors.forename: Alexander A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Baykov
mesh_terms: D017766:Acid Anhydride Hydrolases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution / Q000235:genetics*; D003600:Cytosol / Q000201:enzymology*; D007700:Kinetics; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D020539:Sequence Analysis, Protein; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D017766:Acid Anhydride Hydrolases; C022563:endopolyphosphatase; C020137:exopolyphosphatase