title: Linker histone HIS-24 (H1.1) cytoplasmic retention promotes germ line development and influences histone H3 methylation in Caenorhabditis elegans.
abstract: RNA interference with one of the eight Caenorhabditis elegans linker histone genes triggers desilencing of a repetitive transgene and developmental defects in the hermaphrodite germ line. These characteristics are similar to the phenotype of the C. elegans Polycomb group genes mes-2, mes-3, mes-4, and mes-6 (M. A. Jedrusik and E. Schulze, Development 128:1069-1080, 2001; I. Korf, Y. Fan, and S. Strome, Development 125:2469-2478, 1998). These Polycomb group proteins contribute to germ line-specific chromatin modifications. Using a his-24 deletion mutant and an isoform-specific antibody, we characterized the role of his-24 in C. elegans germ line development. We describe an unexpected cytoplasmic retention of HIS-24 in peculiar granular structures. This phenomenon is confined to the developing germ lines of both sexes. It is strictly dependent on the activities of the chromatin-modifying genes mes-2, mes-3, mes-4, and mes-6, as well as on the C. elegans sirtuin gene sir-2.1. A temperature shift experiment with a mes-3(ts) mutant revealed that mes gene activity is required in a time window ranging from L3 to the early L4 stage before the onset of meiosis. We find that the his-24(ok1024) mutant germ line is characterized by an increased level of the activating H3K4 methylation mark concomitant with a decrease of the repressive H3K9 methylation. In the germ line of his-24(ok1024) mes-3(bn35) double mutant animals, the repressive H3K27 methylation is more reduced than in the respective mes single mutant. These observations distinguish his-24 as an unusual element in the developmental regulation of germ line chromatin structure in C. elegans.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Laboratory of Chromatin Biochemistry, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany. mjedrus@gwdg.de
authors.forename: Monika A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jedrusik
authors.forename: Ekkehard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schulze
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000166:cytology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism*; D005306:Fertilization; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006066:Gonads / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006639:Histidine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008239:Lysine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008745:Methylation; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D034622:RNA Interference; D013997:Time Factors; D019076:Transgenes / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D006657:Histones; D006639:Histidine; D008239:Lysine