title: The effect of solids dilution rate and oil source on trans C18:1 and conjugated linoleic acid production by ruminal microbes in continuous culture.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of solids dilution rate (SDR) and oil source [soybean oil (SBO) or linseed oil (LSO)] on the ruminal production of trans C18:1 and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). A dual-flow continuous culture system consisting of 4 fermenters was used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design with a factorial arrangement of treatments over 4 consecutive periods of 10 d each. Treatment diets (50:50 forage to concentrate) were fed at 120 g/d of dry matter (DM) in 3 equal portions. The concentrate mix contained 1% fish oil and either 2% SBO or 2% LSO on a DM basis. Treatments were as follows: 1) SBO at 6%/h SDR, 2) SBO at 3%/h SDR, 3) LSO at 6%/h SDR, and 4) LSO at 3%/h SDR. The oil source by SDR interaction was not significant for trans C18:1 and CLA fatty acids. The concentrations of trans C18:1 and vaccenic acid were greater in effluents when diets were supplemented with SBO vs. LSO (37.11 vs. 34.09 and 32.71 vs. 29.70 mg/g of DM, respectively) and at high SDR than low SDR (37.60 vs. 33.61 and 32.72 vs. 29.61 mg/g of DM, respectively). The concentration of cis-9, trans-11 CLA in effluents was also greater with SBO than LSO (0.81 vs. 0.40 mg/g of DM) supplementation and at high SDR than low SDR (0.68 vs. 0.54 mg/g of DM). Biohydrogenation of linoleic acid and linolenic acid increased at higher SDR within each oil treatment. Based on these results, SBO supplementation at high SDR enhances ruminal production of vaccenic acid, and therefore could potentially enhance cis-9, trans-11 CLA in milk fat through synthesis by Delta9-desaturase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Food, and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale 62901, USA.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: AbuGhazaleh
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Buckles
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007774:Lactation; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008043:Linseed Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009829:Oleic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012417:Rumen / Q000382:microbiology*; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013230:Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase
chemical_list: D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D005395:Fish Oils; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; D009829:Oleic Acids; C503589:cis-9, trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid; D013024:Soybean Oil; D008043:Linseed Oil; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases; D013230:Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase; C029627:delta-9 fatty acid desaturase; C050413:11-octadecenoic acid