Baseline characteristics and recruitment strategies in a randomized clinical trial of African-American light smokers.
OBJECTIVE
This study describes the design, recruitment, and baseline data of the first smoking-cessation clinical trial for African-American light smokers, Kick It at Swope II (KIS-II).


METHODS
KIS-II was a randomized trial testing the efficacy of nicotine gum (vs. placebo gum) in combination with counseling (motivational interviewing or health education).


METHODS
This study was conducted at an urban community-based clinic serving predominantly lower-income African-Americans.


METHODS
African-Americans who smoked 1 to 10 cigarettes per day were eligible. Of 1933 individuals screened, 1012 (52%) were eligible and 755 (75%) were enrolled in the study.


METHODS
Baseline assessment included smoking history and psychometric measures.


METHODS
The majority of participants were women (67%) with a mean age of 45.1 years (SD = 10.7). Participants smoked on average 7.6 cigarettes (SD = 3.21) per day, had a mean exhaled carbon monoxide level of 13.9 ppm (SD = 8.9) and a mean serum cotinine level of 244.2 ng/mL (SD = 154.4), and reported high levels of motivation and confidence to quit smoking.


CONCLUSIONS
African-American light smokers were motivated to stop smoking and to enroll in a smoking-cessation program. Characteristics of our sample suggest African-American light smokers are an appropriate group for inclusion in smoking-cessation interventions.
Okuyemi
Kolawole S
KS
Program in Health Disparities Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis 55455, USA. kokuyemi@umn.edu
Cox
Lisa Sanderson
LS
Nollen
Nicole L
NL
Snow
Tricia M
TM
Kaur
Harsohena
H
Choi
Won
W
Nazir
Niaman
N
Mayo
Matthew S
MS
Ahluwalia
Jasjit S
JS
D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D002638:Chewing Gum; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D007615:Kansas; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D010919:Placebos; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder
D002638:Chewing Gum; D010919:Placebos