title: Haptoglobin genotype determines myocardial infarct size in diabetic mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to understand the importance of oxidative stress in explaining why the haptoglobin (Hp) genotype determines myocardial infarction (MI) size in diabetes mellitus (DM).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Two common alleles (1 and 2) exist at the Hp locus in humans. The Hp 2 allele is associated with increased MI size in individuals with DM. In vitro, the Hp 2 protein is associated with increased generation of oxidatively active iron, whereas the Hp 1 protein is associated with increased production of the antioxidant cytokine interleukin (IL)-10.
  
  
  METHODS
  Myocardial infarction was produced by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) in DM C57BL/6 mice carrying the Hp 1 or Hp 2 allele. Myocardial oxidative stress after IR was assessed using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Redox active iron and IL-10 were measured in the serum after IR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Myocardial infarction size was significantly larger in Hp 2 mice as compared with Hp 1 mice (44.3 +/- 9.3% vs. 21.0 +/- 4.0%, p = 0.03), and these larger infarctions were associated with a significant increase in a panel of hydroxyl-eicosatetraenoic acids. Redox active iron was greater in Hp 2 mice (0.45 +/- 0.11 micromol/l vs. 0.14 +/- 0.05 micromol/l, p = 0.02), whereas IL-10 was greater in Hp 1 mice (85.8 +/- 12.9 pg/microl vs. 46.7 +/- 10.8 pg/microl, p = 0.04) after IR. Administration of an antioxidant (BXT-51072) to Hp 2 mice reduced myocardial injury after IR by more than 80% (p = 0.003), but no myocardial protection was provided by the antioxidant to Hp 1 mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increased MI size in DM Hp 2 mice occurring after IR may be due to increased oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Shany
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blum
authors.forename: Roy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Asaf
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guetta
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miller-Lotan
authors.forename: Rabea
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Asleh
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kremer
authors.forename: Nina S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Franklin G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Doron
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aronson
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Renliang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Stanley L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hazen
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Levy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005838:Genotype; D006242:Haptoglobins / Q000235:genetics*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000378:metabolism*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress
chemical_list: C485359:HP protein, human; D006242:Haptoglobins; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007501:Iron