title: Supra dietary levels of vitamins C and E enhance antibody production and immune memory in juvenile milkfish, Chanos chanos (Forsskal) to formalin-killed Vibrio vulnificus.
abstract: Juveniles of milkfish, Chanos chanos (Forsskal), were fed two independent supra dietary levels of vitamins C (500 and 1500 mg kg(-1) feed, T1 and T2) and E (50 and 150 mg kg(-1), T3 and T4). Milkfish fed diets with supra (in addition to the vitamins present in the control diet) and normal levels (T5 containing 90 and 1.2mg of vitamins C and E, respectively, kg(-1) of feed) of vitamins were immunized (ip) with formalin-killed Vibrio vulnificus (FKVV). Priming and booster antibody responses to the injected bacterin were significantly (P<0.05) better in the milkfish juveniles fed supra dietary levels. Survival response of the experimental fish fed supra dietary levels of vitamins (T1, T2 and T3) was significantly (P<0.01) better than that of the control set. Protective response against virulent bacterial challenge of the vaccinated fish fed vitamin-supplemented diets (T2 and T3) was better than the control (T5) and T1 and T4. Memory factor reflecting immunological memory was superior in the fish fed vitamin-supplemented diets. Diets supplemented with either 1500 mg of Vitamin C or 50mg of Vitamin E kg(-1) produced the best antibody responses, final survival and protective response upon challenge. No conclusive inferences could be drawn on the growth responses from the experiment.
authors.affiliation: Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75 Santhome High Road, R.A. Puram, Chennai 600028, India. azadis@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Azad
authors.forename: J Syama
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Dayal
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Poornima
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ali
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000187:drug effects*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D005399:Fishes / Q000276:immunology*; D005557:Formaldehyde; D007156:Immunologic Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D007194:India; D016019:Survival Analysis; D041261:Vibrio vulnificus / Q000276:immunology*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014810:Vitamin E; D005557:Formaldehyde; D001205:Ascorbic Acid