title: Rubella seroprevalence in an unvaccinated pregnant population in Malatya, Turkey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Controlling congenital rubella by 2010 is one of the targets of the World Health Organization. Most European countries currently include rubella vaccine in their national immunization programmes, but not yet in Turkey.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To define rubella seroprevalence in pregnancy in Malatya, Turkey.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional interview survey was conducted among pregnant women living in Malatya province from November 2003 to May 2004, together with a follow-up component.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stratified probability proportional to size sampling methodology. A total of 824 pregnant women from 60 clusters were enrolled. After obtaining informed consent, participants' socio-demographic and fertility characteristics were collected by interview questionnaire. Various blood samples were drawn. After storing serum samples at -20 degrees C for 6 months, anti-rubella IgM and IgG titres were studied by micro ELISA. Only 803 sera were eligible for serological study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 803 samples tested for rubella antibodies, 753 cases (93.8%) had anti-rubella IgG positivity, indicating past infection. Five of the pregnant women (0.6%) had both anti-rubella IgM and IgG positive results, suggesting a recent infection. The remaining 45 women (5.6%) were seronegative for both antibodies. Seroprevalence was not associated with age or urban/rural residency. All the five anti-rubella IgM positive women were in the second trimester of pregnancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As 5.6% of pregnant women were susceptible to rubella during pregnancy, and five of them had already had a recent infection, immunization efforts should be directed at babies and adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pehlivan
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Karaoglu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gunes
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Tekerekoglu
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Genc
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Egri
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ercan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D017584:Reproductive History; D012409:Rubella / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology