Vaccination and the risk of childhood acute leukaemia: the ESCALE study (SFCE).
BACKGROUND
In 2002, a poster alerted the French health authorities to the possibility that the risk of childhood leukaemia might be increased by hepatitis B vaccination. Elucidating the role of vaccination in the aetiology of childhood acute leukaemia (AL) was therefore included in the objectives of an ongoing national study.


METHODS
The ESCALE study was a French national population-based case-control study conducted in France in 2003 and 2004 in order to investigate the role of infectious, environmental and genetic factors in four childhood neoplastic diseases (leukaemia, lymphoma, neuroblastoma and brain tumour). The controls were randomly selected from the French population and age and gender frequency matched with the cases. A total of 776 cases of AL (91% of the eligible cases) and 1681 controls (71% of the eligible controls) were included. In a specific standardized telephone interview, which was the same for both the cases and controls, each mother was asked to read out her child's complete vaccination record.


RESULTS
No association between vaccination and the risk of childhood AL: acute lymphoblastic leukaemia or acute myeloblastic leukaemia was observed. No relationship between the risk of leukaemia and the type of vaccine, number of doses of each vaccine, total number of injections, total number of vaccine doses or number of early vaccinations was evidenced. No confounding factor was observed.


CONCLUSIONS
The study did not show any evidence of a role of vaccination in the aetiology of childhood leukaemia.
Mallol-Mesnard
Nathalie
N
INSERM U754, IFR69, 16 avenue Paul Vaillant-Couturier, F-94807 Villejuif Cedex, France.
Menegaux
Florence
F
Auvrignon
Anne
A
Auclerc
Marie-Françoise
MF
Bertrand
Yves
Y
Nelken
Brigitte
B
Robert
Alain
A
Michel
Gérard
G
Margueritte
Geneviève
G
Perel
Yves
Y
Méchinaud
Françoise
F
Bordigoni
Pierre
P
Leverger
Guy
G
Baruchel
André
A
Hémon
Denis
D
Clavel
Jacqueline
J
D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007938:Leukemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014611:Vaccination / Q000009:adverse effects
D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines