title: Rho kinase's role in myosin recruitment to the equatorial cortex of mitotic Drosophila S2 cells is for myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Myosin II recruitment to the equatorial cortex is one of the earliest events in establishment of the cytokinetic contractile ring. In Drosophila S2 cells, we previously showed that myosin II is recruited to the furrow independently of F-actin, and that Rho1 and Rok are essential for this recruitment [1]. Rok phosphorylates several cellular proteins, including the myosin regulatory light chain (RLC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here we express phosphorylation state mimic constructs of the RLC in S2 cells to examine the role of RLC phosphorylation involving Rok in the localization of myosin. Phosphorylation of the RLC is required for myosin localization to the equatorial cortex during mitosis, and the essential role of Rok in this localization and for cytokinesis is to maintain phosphorylation of the RLC. The ability to regulate the RLC phosphorylation state spatio-temporally is not essential for the myosin localization. Furthermore, the essential role of Citron in cytokinesis is not phosphorylation of the RLC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the Rho1 pathway leading to myosin localization to the future cytokinetic furrow is relatively straightforward, where only Rok is needed, and it is only needed to maintain phosphorylation of the myosin RLC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sara O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Dean
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Spudich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D048749:Cytokinesis; D004330:Drosophila / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008938:Mitosis; D018994:Myosin Light Chains / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009218:Myosins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034622:RNA Interference; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D018994:Myosin Light Chains; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C115635:citron-kinase; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases; D009218:Myosins; C511153:Rho1 protein, Drosophila; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins