title: Comparison of 4 MV photon surface dose among Varian, Siemens, and Elekta linear accelerators for tangential breast treatment: a phantom study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have compared the differences in a 4-MV photon surface dose among Varian, Siemens, and Elekta linear accelerators (linacs) with wedges for tangential breast treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The wedge factor and the surface dose were measured using a solid water phantom and an ion chamber for each linear accelerator with various field sizes and wedge angles. A tangential treatment plan was applied to an elliptical hollow cylinder water phantom with a radiochromic film placed thereon. A dose was delivered to a simulated target in the phantom, and the resulting dose distribution was analyzed using a film scanner.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Varian's wedges resulted in the highest wedge factors, ranging from 0.37 to 0.75 depending on the wedge angles. Varian's wedges led to the highest normalized skin doses, ranging between 0.40 and 0.73 depending on the wedge angles and field sizes. In the cylinder phantom test with two tangential beams, the Varian linac provided a nearly 20% higher maximum dose than the Siemens and Elekta linacs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Varian linac resulted in the highest surface doses, and the Elekta linac led to the lowest for nearly all the measurement conditions we employed, including open beams.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan. syama@med.juntendo.ac.jp
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karasawa
authors.forename: Tomohisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furuya
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tutumi
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: Kana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozawa
mesh_terms: D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D010315:Particle Accelerators; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D017785:Photons; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011882:Radiotherapy, High-Energy / Q000295:instrumentation*