title: Globalization and the cultural safety of an immigrant Muslim community.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper reports a study the aim of which was to further understanding of cultural safety by focusing on the social health of a small immigrant community of Muslims in a relatively homogeneous region of Canada following the terror attacks on 11 September 2001 (9/11).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The aftermath of 9/11 negatively affected Muslims living in many centers of Western Europe and North America. Little is known about the social health of Muslims in smaller areas with little cultural diversity. Developed by Maori nurses, the cultural safety concept captures the negative health effects of inequities experienced by the indigenous people of New Zealand. Nurses in Canada have used the concept to understand the health of Aboriginal peoples. It has also been used to investigate the nursing care of immigrants in a Canadian metropolitan centre. Findings indicated, however, that the dichotomy between culturally safe and unsafe groups was blurred.
  
  
  METHODS
  The methodology was qualitative, based on the constructivist paradigm. A purposive sample of 26 Muslims of Middle Eastern, Indian or Pakistani origin and residing in the province of New Brunswick, Canada were interviewed in 2002-2003. Findings. Participants experienced a sudden transition from cultural safety to cultural risk following 9/11. Their experience of cultural safety included a sense of social integration in the community and invisibility as a minority. Cultural risk stemmed from being in the spotlight of an international media and becoming a visible minority.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cultural risk is not necessarily rooted in historical events and may be generated by outside forces rather than by longstanding inequities in relationships between groups within the community. Nurses need to think about the cultural safety of their practices when caring for members of socially disadvantaged cultural minority groups as this may affect the health services delivered to them.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing and Associate Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. bakerc@post.queensu.ca
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002170:Canada; D003469:Culture; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D007514:Islam / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008913:Minority Groups; D011287:Prejudice; D012449:Safety; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D023481:Terrorism