Structure and function of eritadenine and its 3-deaza analogues: potent inhibitors of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase and hypocholesterolemic agents.
d-Eritadenine (DEA) is a potent inhibitor of S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) and has hypocholesterolemic activity. We have hypothesized that 3-deaza-DEA (C3-DEA) and its analogues retain high level of SAHH inhibitory activity and have resistance to deamination and glycosidic bond hydrolysis in vivo. Such C3-DEA analogues would have much higher hypocholesterolemic activity. C3-DEA, and its methyl ester (C3-OMeDEA) and its methyl amido (C3-NMeDEA) were synthesized to examine their SAHH inhibitory and hypocholesterolemic activities. A crystal structure of SAHH containing C3-DEA was determined and confirmed that DEA and C3-DEA bound to the same site of SAHH with the same binding mode. The SAHH inhibitory activities of C3-DEA (K(I)=1.5 microM) and C3-OMeDEA (K(I)=1.5 microM) are significantly lower than that of DEA (K(I)=30 nM), while rats fed by C3-DEA and C3-OMeDEA decrease the total plasma cholesterol and phospholipids by 36-40% and 23%, respectively, which is similar to the level of reductions (42% and 27%) by DEA. C3-NMeDEA lost most of the SAHH inhibitory activity (K(I)=30 microM) and dietary C3-NMeDEA does not decrease cholesterol and phospholipid in plasma but decreases the triacylglycerol level by 16%. DEA and C3-DEA analogues are neither substrates nor inhibitors of adenosine deaminase.
Yamada
Taro
T
Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
Komoto
Junichi
J
Lou
Kaiyan
K
Ueki
Akiharu
A
Hua
Duy H
DH
Sugiyama
Kimio
K
Takata
Yoshimi
Y
Ogawa
Hirofumi
H
Takusagawa
Fusao
F
D000225:Adenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D043383:Adenosylhomocysteinase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000818:Animals; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D012435:S-Adenosylhomocysteine / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity
D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; C100029:eritadenine; C055133:3-deazaadenine; D012435:S-Adenosylhomocysteine; D043383:Adenosylhomocysteinase; D000225:Adenine