title: Monophasic estrogen-progestogen therapy and sexuality in postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to evaluate the effects of monophasic estrogen-progestogen therapy on the sexuality and climacteric symptoms of postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, randomised, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled, single-centre study was carried out over a total of 12 consecutive months in 40 postmenopausal women with an intact uterus who had no contraindications to hormone therapy. Patients received 17beta-estradiol 2mg in combination with norethisterone acetate 1mg (Cliane) daily for 6 months or one placebo tablet daily for 6 months. The tablets were identical in appearance. After 6 months, the groups were crossed over and the patients were followed up for another 6 months. The groups were homogenous with respect to age, height, bodyweight, body mass index and race. For the statistical analysis, the group receiving hormone therapy was referred to as group A and the placebo group was designated group B, irrespective of the placebo/hormone therapy sequence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group A there were fewer hot flashes (F=22.85, p<0.01) and an improvement in sexual interest (F=5.55, p<0.05). The sequence in which the medication was received resulted in a statistically significant difference with respect to dyspareunia (F=9.65, p<0.01) and satisfaction with the duration of penetration (F=6.58, p<0.05). In the intrapatient analysis of variation with respect to orgasmic capability and the presence of dialogue with partner regarding the couple's sexual life, whether the placebo was taken prior to or following hormone therapy was significant (F=17.12, p<0.001 and F=7.10, p<0.05, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Monophasic estrogen-progestogen therapy has a beneficial effect on sexuality and on hot flashes in postmenopausal women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Teaching Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. am.fonseca@uol.com.br
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.forename: V R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Bagnoli
authors.forename: S R L
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Penteado
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Paixão
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Cavalcanti
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pinotti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004958:Estradiol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D019584:Hot Flashes / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007989:Libido / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009640:Norethindrone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077563:Norethindrone Acetate; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D045167:Progesterone Congeners / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D045167:Progesterone Congeners; D004958:Estradiol; D000077563:Norethindrone Acetate; D009640:Norethindrone