title: 5-20: a model of minimum nurse-to-patient ratios in Victoria, Australia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study presents a critique of a new model of minimum nurse-to-patient ratio and considers its utility alongside established Patient Dependency Systems.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Since 2001 legislation mandating minimum nurse-to-patient ratios has been enacted throughout large public hospitals in the state of Victoria, Australia. The Victorian model mandates minimum staffing of five nurses to 20 patients in acute medical and surgical wards. In conjunction with this approach, Patient Dependency Systems are employed to anticipate short-term resource needs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although this legislation has been successful in attracting nurses back into the public sector workforce, no published empirical evidence exists to support specific ratios. In addition, neither ratio nor Patient Dependency Systems approaches account for the critical influence of skill mix on hospital, employee, or patient outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is an urgent need for further research that specifically examines relationships between models of staffing, skill mix and quality outcomes.
authors.affiliation: The School of Nursing, The University of Melbourne, 723 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia. gerdtzmf@unimelb.edu.au
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Gerdtz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000208:Acute Disease / Q000451:nursing; D002983:Clinical Competence; D017046:Cost Savings; D003953:Diagnosis-Related Groups; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006302:Health Services Research; D006779:Hospitals, Public / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D016294:Models, Nursing; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000458:organization & administration; D015401:Nursing Administration Research; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014739:Victoria; D016526:Workload / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data