title: Model-dependent effects of the gap junction conduction-enhancing antiarrhythmic peptide rotigaptide (ZP123) on experimental atrial fibrillation in dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Abnormal intercellular communication caused by connexin dysfunction may be involved in atrial fibrillation (AF). The present study assessed the effect of the gap junctional conduction-enhancing peptide rotigaptide on AF maintenance in substrates that result from congestive heart failure induced by 2-week ventricular tachypacing (240 bpm), atrial tachypacing (ATP; 400 bpm for 3 to 6 weeks), and isolated atrial myocardial ischemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Electrophysiological study and epicardial mapping were performed before and after rotigaptide administration in dogs with ATP and congestive heart failure, as well as in similarly instrumented sham dogs that were not tachypaced. For atrial myocardial ischemia, dogs administered rotigaptide before myocardial ischemia were compared with no-drug myocardial ischemia controls. ATP significantly shortened the atrial effective refractory period (P=0.003) and increased AF duration (P=0.008), with AF lasting >3 hours in all 6-week ATP animals. Rotigaptide increased conduction velocity in ATP dogs slightly but significantly (P=0.04) and did not affect the effective refractory period, AF duration, or atrial vulnerability. In dogs with congestive heart failure, rotigaptide also slightly increased conduction velocity (P=0.046) but failed to prevent AF promotion. Rotigaptide had no statistically significant effects in sham dogs. Myocardial ischemia alone increased AF duration and impaired conduction (based on conduction velocity across the ischemic border and indices of conduction heterogeneity). Rotigaptide prevented myocardial ischemia-induced conduction slowing and AF duration increases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rotigaptide improves conduction in various AF models but suppresses AF only for the acute ischemia substrate. These results define the atrial antiarrhythmic profile of a mechanistically novel antiarrhythmic drug and suggest that gap junction dysfunction may be more important in ischemic AF than in ATP remodeling or congestive heart failure substrates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute Research Center, 5000 Belanger Street East, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shiroshita-Takeshita
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakabe
authors.forename: Ketil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Haugan
authors.forename: James K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Hennan
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nattel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004594:Electrophysiology; D017629:Gap Junctions / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013612:Tachycardia, Ectopic Atrial / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D009842:Oligopeptides; C477643:rotigaptide