title: A short N-terminal sequence of PTEN controls cytoplasmic localization and is required for suppression of cell growth.
abstract: Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is an important negative regulator of cell growth and a tumor suppressor. Its growth-attenuating activity is based on the dephosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3), an essential second messenger for the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway. This activity may require localization of PTEN to cytoplasmic membranes. Yet PTEN can also localize to the cell nucleus where its functions remain unclear. Here we present data that define a short sequence in the N-terminal region of PTEN required for cytoplasmic localization. We will refer to this sequence as cytoplasmic localization signal (CLS). It could function as a non-canonical signal for nuclear export or as a cytoplasmic retention signal of PTEN. Mutations within the CLS induce nuclear localization and impair growth suppressive activities of PTEN while preserving lipid phosphatase activity. We propose that nuclear localization of PTEN is not compatible with plasma membrane-targeted growth suppressive functions of PTEN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA. gabriela_denning@oz.ped.emory.edu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Denning
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jean-Joseph
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Prince
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Durden
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Vogt
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000201:enzymology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000201:enzymology*; D018095:Germ-Line Mutation; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D019269:Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D018129:Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals / Q000235:genetics; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D019269:Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate; D018129:Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C060974:phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human