title: Efficacy of azithromycin administration in prevention of respiratory tract infection after bronchoscopic biopsy: a randomized, controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Respiratory tract infection is a serious complication associated with bronchoscopic biopsy. This study attempted to examine its incidence and determine an efficacious therapy for preventing such infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine hundred and thirty patients who underwent bronchoscopic biopsy in Osaka City University Hospital outpatient clinic were enrolled in the study. All patients were randomly assigned to receive a 3-day course of azithromycin (500 mg/day), cefcapene pivoxil hydrochloride (300 mg/day) or no antibiotics. The primary outcome was the incidence of respiratory tract infection after bronchoscopic biopsy among the three groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the no-treatment group, nine of the 310 patients (2.9%) had respiratory tract infection after bronchoscopic biopsy. All patients with infection had abnormal bronchoscopic findings. Of the patients with respiratory tract infection, 60% were in the no-treatment group, 26.7% in the cefcapene group and 13.3% in the azithromycin group. Although not statistically significant, the incidence in the azithromycin group (0.7%) was lower than in the no-treatment group (P = 0.06). Among the patients with abnormal bronchoscopic findings, the incidence in the azithromycin group was significantly lower than that in the no-treatment group (3.0% vs. 14.8%; P = 0.02). Moreover, maximum C-reactive protein values also appeared to be lower in the azithromycin group than in the no-treatment group and the cefcapene group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A 3-day course of azithromycin administration is well tolerated and effective in preventing infection post bronchoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan. kanazawa-h@med.osaka-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001706:Biopsy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D017963:Azithromycin