title: An association study of DRD2 and COMT polymorphisms with novelty seeking and harm avoidance scores, in two independent samples of depressed patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It was recently reported that an interaction of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) influences the behavioural approach system--as measured using Carver and White's Behavioural Inhibition and Behavioural Approach System (BIS/BAS) scales--in a sample of healthy German subjects. The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), in particular the novelty seeking (NS) and harm avoidance (HA) scales, correlates moderately with the BIS/BAS measure. This study aimed to examine support for an association of DRD2 and COMT with behavioural activation, using the TCI within two independent samples of depressed outpatients (for both samples n = 146).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two clinical samples of depressed patients were ascertained to assess the efficacy of two different pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy treatments. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyse NS and HA scale and subscale scores with respect to gene loci within each clinical sample. Analysis of covariance were undertaken to examine the association of age and gender with NS and HA scores. An association of age group or gender with gene loci were explored using chi-squared tests, in each sample.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant effect of DRD2 or COMT, either independently or as an interaction, on NS or HA scores was observed, within either sample. Whilst age was significantly negatively associated with NS scores, including age in the two- and three-way interactions did not affect the significance of the association of personality with gene loci.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that the COMT-DRD2 Equilibrium Model of Positive Emotionality recently proposed by Reuter and his colleagues is not applicable amongst currently depressed individuals, whose behavioural approach and inhibition tendencies have been assessed using the TCI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, Christchurch School of Medicine & Health Sciences, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand. katrina.light@otago.ac.nz
authors.forename: Katrina J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Light
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Joyce
authors.forename: Suzanne E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Luty
authors.forename: Roger T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.forename: Janet D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Christopher M A
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Frampton
authors.forename: Allison L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Martin A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kennedy