title: Efflux transporters in ulcerative colitis: decreased expression of BCRP (ABCG2) and Pgp (ABCB1).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Efflux transport proteins are important components of the intestinal barrier against bacterial toxins, carcinogens, and drugs. This investigation was conducted to determine the expression of Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP/ABCG2), P-glycoprotein (Pgp/MDR1/ABCB1), and Multidrug Resistance Protein 2 (MRP2/ABCC2) in the gut mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were thoroughly diagnosed according to well-established clinical, endoscopic, and histologic criteria to be included in the group of patients with active UC (n = 16) or UC in remission (n = 17). Colonic and rectal mucosa from patients with UC were compared with tissues from control subjects (n = 15). The mRNA expression (TaqMan) of the efflux transporters and the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6 was determined. Western blot was used in the analysis of protein expression and the tissue localization of BCRP was determined with confocal microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BCRP and Pgp expression was strongly reduced in individuals with active inflammation compared with controls and was negatively correlated with the levels of IL-6 mRNA. The BCRP staining of colonic epithelium seen in healthy mucosa was diminished in inflamed tissues, with concurrent disruption of epithelial F-actin structure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two of the efflux transporters of importance for the barrier function of the gut mucosa, Pgp and BCRP, are expressed at strongly reduced levels during active inflammation in patients with UC. Investigations are warranted to determine whether the low levels of efflux transporters during active UC contribute to altered transport and tissue exposure of carcinogens, bacterial toxins, and drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Gunilla
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Englund
authors.forename: Annica
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rorsman
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Artursson
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kindmark
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rönnblom
mesh_terms: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D000070997:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D000089762:Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D000070997:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D000089762:Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters; C513055:ABCB1 protein, human; C000715087:ABCC2 protein, human; C116614:ABCG2 protein, human