title: Patterns of nodal relapse after surgery and postoperative radiation therapy for carcinomas of the major and minor salivary glands: what is the role of elective neck irradiation?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the incidence of nodal relapses from carcinomas of the salivary glands among patients with clinically negative necks in an attempt to determine the potential utility of elective neck irradiation (ENI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1960 and 2004, 251 patients with clinically N0 carcinomas of the salivary glands were treated with surgery and postoperative radiation therapy. None of the patients had undergone previous neck dissection. Histology was: adenoid cystic (84 patients), mucoepidermoid (60 patients), adenocarcinoma (58 patients), acinic cell (21 patients), undifferentiated (11 patients), carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (7 patients), squamous cell (7 patients), and salivary duct carcinoma (3 patients); 131 patients (52%) had ENI. Median follow-up was 62 months (range, 3-267 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 5- and 10-year actuarial estimates of nodal relapse were 11% and 13%, respectively. The 10-year actuarial rates of nodal failure were 7%, 5%, 12%, and 16%, for patients with T1, T2, T3, and T4 disease, respectively (p = 0.11). The use of ENI reduced the 10-year nodal failure rate from 26% to 0% (p = 0.0001). The highest crude rates of nodal relapse among those treated without ENI were found in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (67%), undifferentiated carcinoma (50%), adenocarcinoma (34%), and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (29%). There were no nodal failures observed among patients with adenoid cystic or acinic cell histology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ENI effectively prevents nodal relapses and should be used for select patients at high risk for regional failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA. allenmchen@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Allen M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Joaquin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Nancy Y
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: M Kara
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Bucci
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Eisele
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015182:Lymphatic Irradiation; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009333:Neck; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012468:Salivary Gland Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D012470:Salivary Glands, Minor / Q000473:pathology*; D015996:Survival Rate