title: Drosophila spichthyin inhibits BMP signaling and regulates synaptic growth and axonal microtubules.
abstract: To understand the functions of NIPA1, mutated in the neurodegenerative disease hereditary spastic paraplegia, and of ichthyin, mutated in autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis, we have studied their Drosophila melanogaster ortholog, spichthyin (Spict). Spict is found on early endosomes. Loss of Spict leads to upregulation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and expansion of the neuromuscular junction. BMP signaling is also necessary for a normal microtubule cytoskeleton and axonal transport; analysis of loss- and gain-of-function phenotypes indicate that Spict may antagonize this function of BMP signaling. Spict interacts with BMP receptors and promotes their internalization from the plasma membrane, implying that it inhibits BMP signaling by regulating BMP receptor traffic. This is the first demonstration of a role for a hereditary spastic paraplegia protein or ichthyin family member in a specific signaling pathway, and implies disease mechanisms for hereditary spastic paraplegia that involve dependence of the microtubule cytoskeleton on BMP signaling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK.
authors.forename: Xinnan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: W Robert
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Hilda T H
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Tsang
authors.forename: Evan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: Cahir J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: O'Kane
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001370:Axonal Transport / Q000235:genetics; D052004:Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000235:genetics; D007057:Ichthyosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008870:Microtubules / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009420:Nervous System / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D009421:Nervous System Malformations / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017729:Presynaptic Terminals / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D015419:Spastic Paraplegia, Hereditary / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C478824:NIPA1 protein, human; C499859:NIPAL4 protein, human; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C518508:spict protein, Drosophila; D052004:Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors