title: Idiotype protein vaccination in combination with adjuvant cytokines in patients with multiple myeloma--evaluation of T-cell responses by different read-out systems.
abstract: Anti-idiotypic T cells were analyzed in myeloma patients (n=18) vaccinated with idiotypic protein together with the adjuvant cytokines granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and/or interleukin-12 (IL-12). In the group given IL-12/GM-CSF, 78% developed idiotype specific T cells as compared to 22% in the group given only IL-12 (proliferation/ELISPOT assays) (p<0.05). The percentage of immune-responding patients increased when quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction assays for cytokines were included. A predominance of a Th1 (IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha) immune response was noted in the IL-12 group while a Th2 (IL-5) response prevailed in the IL-12/GM-CSF group (p=0.053). Application of multiple read-out systems improved the characterization of the immune response.
authors.affiliation: Immune and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Amir Osman
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Abdalla
authors.forename: Lotta
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hansson
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: Barbro
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Näsman-Glaser
authors.forename: Eva D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Rossmann
authors.forename: Hodjattallah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rabbani
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mellstedt
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Osterborg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000737:chemistry; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006405:Hematology / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007130:Immunoglobulin Idiotypes / Q000737:chemistry*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D018417:Th1 Cells; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D016207:Cytokines; D007130:Immunoglobulin Idiotypes; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor