title: Assessment of chelatable mitochondrial iron by using mitochondrion-selective fluorescent iron indicators with different iron-binding affinities.
abstract: Chelatable cellular iron, and chelatable mitochondrial iron in particular, has yet to be well characterized, so the overall strength with which these "loosely bound" iron ions (presumably mainly Fe(II)) are intracellularly/intramitochondrially bound is unclear. We have previously reported the first selective mitochondrial iron indicator: rhodamine B 4-[(1,10-phenanthrolin-5-yl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl ester (RPA). With this compound as a model, we have now developed two additional mitochondrial iron indicators with very different iron-binding affinities and have applied these to the study of the chelatable iron pool in the mitochondria of isolated rat liver cells. With the new indicator rhodamine B 4-[(2,2'-bipyridin-4-yl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl ester (RDA), with 2,2'-bipyridine as chelating unit (log beta(3)=17.5), essentially the same iron concentration (16.0+/-1.9 microM) was determined as with RPA (log beta(3)=21.1), despite the four orders of magnitude difference in Fe(II)-binding affinity. This not only demonstrates the reliability of the procedure, but also confirms that iron complexation by these indicators does not induce any significant release of iron from the iron-storage proteins on the timescale of the experiment. In contrast, the indicator rhodamine B 4-[bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)aminomethyl]benzyl ester (PIRO), with an N,N-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amine group as chelating component (log beta(2)=12.2), could not compete against the array of endogenous ligands. The intramitochondrial concentrations of the three indicators were determined to be in the range of 100 microM: that is, about three orders of magnitude lower than the total concentration of endogenous compounds that might chelate iron ions. It is therefore estimated that chelatable mitochondrial iron ions are bound by endogenous ligands with apparent stability constants (log K(app)) of between 9 and 14.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Universitätsklinikum, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany. ursula.rauen@uni-duisburg-essen.de
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Rauen
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Springer
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weisheit
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Petrat
authors.forename: Hans-Gert
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Korth
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: de Groot
authors.forename: Reiner
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sustmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011725:Pyridines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D012235:Rhodamines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents; D011725:Pyridines; D012235:Rhodamines; C526009:rhodamine B 4-((2,2'-bipyridin-4-yl)aminocarbonyl)benzyl ester; C526010:rhodamine B 4-(bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)aminomethyl)benzyl ester; C449922:rhodamine B-((1,10-phenanthrolin-5-yl)aminocarbonyl)benzyl ester; D007501:Iron