title: Migration and particle clearance from hard-setting Ca(OH)2 and self-etching adhesive resin following direct pulp capping.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the migration and particle clearance from a hard-setting calcium hydroxide (HSCH) and self-etching adhesive resin (SEAD) following direct pulp capping using the light and electron microscope.
  
  
  METHODS
  Exposed monkey pulps were capped with a hard-setting calcium hydroxide (Dycal) or adhesive resin (Clearfil SE Bond), and histopathologically evaluated at 14 and 21 days using light and transmission electron microscopy (n = 14).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 14 days, both HSCH and SEAD materials showed no severe inflammatory reactions of the pulp (necrosis and abscess formation). The main reaction was slight inflammatory cell infiltration consisting of leukocytes. A number of HSCH particles were entrapped by macrophages and observed in the small capillaries similar to blood or lymphatic vessels. For SEAD, slight hemorrhage was observed at the exposed surface. At 21 days, for both HSCH and SEAD, a few cases showed minimal inflammatory response which was limited to the area beneath the exposure. Some macrophages entrapping the HSCH particles in vacuoles within the cytoplasm were arranged at the surface of the capping layer. HSCH particles were also observed in the vessels similar to blood or lymphatic vessels. A few macrophages entrapped filler-like particles of SEAD adjacent to the capping material, but there was no evidence of any SEAD in the vessels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 5-45 Yushima 1-chome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan. kitasako.ope@tmd.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitasako
authors.forename: Shunichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tagami
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000378:metabolism*; D003785:Dental Pulp Capping / Q000379:methods*; D003809:Dentin, Secondary / Q000378:metabolism; D008251:Macaca; D008264:Macrophages / Q000502:physiology; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008903:Minerals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: C438313:Clearfil SE Bond; D008903:Minerals; D019279:Resin Cements; C025702:Dycal; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide