title: Protein kinase C delta enhances proliferation and survival of murine mammary cells.
abstract: Protein kinase C (PKC) delta, a member of the novel family of PKC serine-threonine kinases, has been implicated in negative regulation of proliferation and apoptosis in a large number of cell types, including breast cancer cell lines, and postulated as a tumor suppressor gene. In this study we show that in murine NMuMG mammary cells PKCdelta promotes a mitogenic response. Overexpression of PKCdelta in NMuMG cells leads to a significant increase in [3H]-tymidine incorporation and cell proliferation, as well as enhanced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. Activation of PKCdelta with a phorbol ester leads to elevated cyclin D1 expression and an hyperphosphorylated Rb state. Surprisingly, ectopic expression of PKCdelta conferred anchorage-independent growth capacity to NMuMG cells. PKCdelta overexpressors showed enhanced resistance to apoptotic stimuli, such as serum deprivation or doxorubicin treatment, an effect that correlates with hyperactivation of the Akt survival pathway. Our results provide evidence for a role of PKCdelta as a positive modulator of proliferative and survival signals in immortalized mammary cells. The fact that PKCdelta exerts differential responses depending on the cell context not only highlights the necessity to carefully understand the signaling events controlled by this PKC in each cell type but also suggests that we should be cautious in considering this kinase a target for cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Research Area, Institute of Oncology Angel H. Roffo, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Valeria C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Grossoni
authors.forename: Karina B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Falbo
authors.forename: Marcelo G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kazanietz
authors.forename: Elisa D Bal
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: de Kier Joffé
authors.forename: Alejandro J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Urtreger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D007328:Insulin; D004317:Doxorubicin; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta