title: Inflammation is the main determinant of low bone mineral density in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess bone mineral density (BMD) in children with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) and to investigate the role of inflammation and steroids on BMD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lumbar spine areal BMD was measured by DXA, and volumetric BMD was then estimated (BMAD); inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12) were dosed in peripheral blood; and cumulative and daily doses of steroids were calculated. Therapy with infliximab (IFX) was considered for CD patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-six patients with IBD (35 CD, 21 UC) were studied. An inverse correlation was found between BMAD and IL-6 in patients with UC (r = -0.65); no correlation was found between BMAD and serum levels of TNF-alpha, IL-10, and IL-12 in all patients. Disease activity indexes use inversely correlated with BMAD (r = -0.62 in patients with CD and r = -0.64 in patients with UC). Cumulative dose of corticosteroids and duration of therapy did not correlate with BMAD. The 10 patients with CD who were treated with IFX had higher BMAD (-1 +/- 0.8) than those never treated with IFX (-1.8 +/- 0.8). Mean Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index and body mass index in patients with CD (R(2) = 0.48) and IL-6 level in patients with UC (R(2) = 0.43) were found to be independent and significant predictors of BMAD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In children with IBD, inflammation is an important determinant of bone loss, as shown by the correlation of BMAD with serum IL-6 and with disease activity indexes as well as by the beneficial effect of IFX on bone density. Corticosteroids seem to be a less important variable in pediatric IBD-related BMD reduction than previously believed.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome Italy.
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paganelli
authors.forename: Carlina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Albanese
authors.forename: Osvaldo
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Borrelli
authors.forename: Fortunata
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Civitelli
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Canitano
authors.forename: Franca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Viola
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Passariello
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cucchiara
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000069285:Infliximab; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D016207:Cytokines; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D000069285:Infliximab