title: [Thyroid function after external irradiation of the neck in patients with Hodgkin's disease--long-term observation].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The modern therapy of Hodgkin's disease (HD): chemotherapy (CT) or/and radiotherapy (RT) gives a chance of a long time survival but it brings a possibility of early and late complications including thyroid gland function disorders (post-radiotherapy thyroiditis, thyroid hypofunction, Graves disease, thyroid nodules, thyroid cancer).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of thyroid gland function in patients with total HD remission status from 6 to 16 years after the treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 29 patients suffering from HD (9 women, 20 men, mean age 22.8 years), treated with CT (cycles MVPP and B-DOPA) and with RT (cervical region; 18-40 Gy) in their childhood. The patients were examined by palpation, ultrasound, fine-needle aspiration biopsy. The thyroid gland on the average 6 (1st examination) and 16 years (2nd examination) after the treatment as well as thyroid hormones (TSH, fT3, fT4), thyroglobulin (Tg) and anti-thyroid antibodies in blood serum were estimated. The results were analyzed statistically; the percentage of abnormal results of estimated hormones with reference range was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no abnormalities in thyroid palpation examination in any patient. The mean thyroid volume in ultrasound in 2nd examination cor-responded to 66.3% of healthy individuals thyroid volume. In 8 patients thyroid nodules were found, in one thyroid papillary carcinoma was diagnosed. In one patient (3.4%) the features of subclinical thyroid hypofunction and in 17.2% the increased level of Tg in blood serum with normal thyroid hormone levels were found. In two patients (6.8%) the raised titre of a-TG and a-TPO was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1. In majority of patients with HD after RT in cervical region in long term remission period the normal thyroid function was observed. 2. Due to thyroid cancer hazard even many years after radiotherapy regular morphological thyroid evaluation is necessary.
authors.affiliation: Katedra i Klinika Pediatrii, Nefrologii i Endokrynologii Dzieciecej Slaskiej AM w Zabrzu. endo_dz_zabrze@wp.pl
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ziora
authors.forename: Halina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bubała
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Głowacki
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sońta-Jakimczyk
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Legaszewski
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zajecki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009333:Neck / Q000528:radiation effects*; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D011044:Poland; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000209:etiology; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013960:Thyroid Function Tests; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D016606:Thyroid Nodule / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D013963:Thyroid Hormones