title: Sildenafil reduces L-NAME-induced severe hypertension and worsening of myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion damage in the rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors are beneficial in pulmonary hypertension and congestive heart failure, the two conditions associated with coronary heart disease and ischaemia. We investigated whether sildenafil counteracts the cardiovascular alterations induced by N -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in the rat.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sildenafil was given orally to rats at doses of 0.37, 0.75 or 1.5 mg kg-1day-1 for four weeks, either alone or with L-NAME (35-40 mg kg-1 day-1 in the drinking water). Systolic blood pressure and urinary parameters (6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha, thromboxane B2, 8-isoprostane-prostaglandin F2 and nitrite/nitrate) were measured in conscious rats. Isolated hearts were subjected to low flow ischaemia-reperfusion, and myocardial levels of guanosine 3', 5'cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) were determined. Endothelial vascular dysfunction was examined in aortic rings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sildenafil dose-dependently prevented the rise in systolic blood pressure in L-NAME-treated rats. This activity was associated with a normalization of urinary 8-isoprostane-prostaglandin F2alpha and other biochemical parameters. In perfused hearts, the post-ischaemic ventricular dysfunction was worse in preparations from L-NAME-treated rats than in controls. Sildenafil dose-dependently reduced this effect, and creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase release were lower too. cGMP levels, which were low in myocardial tissue from L-NAME-treated rats, were restored by sildenafil. In noradrenaline-precontracted aortic rings from L-NAME-treated rats acetylcholine lost its vasorelaxant effect, and sildenafil restored it.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a rat model of chronic nitric oxide deprivation, where hypertension and aggravation of post-ischaemic ventricular dysfunction are associated with loss of vascular endothelium-relaxant function, sildenafil provided significant cardiovascular protection, primarily by maintaining tissue cGMP levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Chemotherapy and Medical Toxicology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. giuseppe.rossoni@unimi.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rossoni
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Manfredi
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: De Gennaro Colonna
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guazzi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006973:Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011687:Purines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D013450:Sulfones / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016276:Ventricular Function / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D010879:Piperazines; D011687:Purines; D013450:Sulfones; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester