title: Topical nasal steroids for intermittent and persistent allergic rhinitis in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Allergic rhinitis is a very common chronic illness affecting 10% to 40% of children worldwide. There has been a significant increase in prevalence among children over the last two decades and this increase has been accompanied by a parallel increase in comorbid illnesses such as asthma.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness and adverse event profiles of topical nasal steroids for intermittent and persistent allergic rhinitis in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the Cochrane Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders Group Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library Issue 3, 2005), MEDLINE (1950 onwards) and EMBASE (1974 onwards) on 5(th) September 2005. CINAHL, mRCT(a meta-database of controlled trials), NRR (the National Research Register), LILACS, MedCarib, KOREAMED, IndMed, Samed, Panteleimon, Zetoc, ISI Proceedings, the GlaxoSmithKline Clinical Trials Database and the websites of AstraZeneca, Schering Plough and Aventis were also searched.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trials comparing topical nasal steroid preparations against each other or placebo, prescribed for allergic rhinitis in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data from the included trials. The limited and variable quality of reported data precluded any pooling of results and only a descriptive summary is presented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three trials involving a total of 79 participants were included. All three trials, which compared topical nasal steroids against placebo for perennial rhinitis, provided some, albeit limited data, relevant to our primary outcomes; but in two of the trials the data analysis was flawed and in the third trial it was incomprehensible. None of the trials provided data relevant to our secondary outcomes. There were no adverse events reported from any of the interventions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The three included trials provided some weak and unreliable evidence for the effectiveness of Beconase(R) and flunisolide used topically intranasally for the treatment of intermittent and persistent allergic rhinitis in children. The reduction of severity in symptoms as assessed by the trialists could not be confirmed with the data provided and decisions on the use of these medications should, until such time as more robust evidence is available, be guided by the physician's clinical experience and patients' individual circumstances and preferences.
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Health, Bahrain, Medical Review Office, PO Box 12, Manama, Bahrain. JSayyad@health.gov.bh
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Al Sayyad
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fedorowicz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alhashimi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jamal
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D002648:Child; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids