title: [Weight gain and anxiety levels in recent ex-smokers].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate weight gain and its relation to anxiety in a group of smokers after 3 months of cessation treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The target population for this prospective, analytical, longitudinal study was smokers being treated in a specialist smoking cessation clinic who were still abstinent at the conclusion of a 3-month treatment program. The following variables were analyzed: age, sex, nicotine dependence (Fagerström test), daily cigarette consumption, number of pack-years, pharmacological treatment (nicotine replacement/bupropion), use of nicotine gum (yes/no), weight gain, body mass index, and degree of state and trait anxiety. Successful cessation was defined as self-reported abstinence confirmed by measurement of expired carbon monoxide (CO) level (< or = 10 ppm). Anxiety was evaluated using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The state anxiety and weight variables were measured on 5 occasions: before smoking cessation, and at the end of week 1, month 1, month 2, and month 3 after cessation. Results for the quantitative variables were expressed as means (SD), and results for the qualitative variables were expressed as percentages and absolute frequencies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study population consisted of 122 individuals, 76 of whom were men (62%) and 46 of whom were women (38%). The mean age was 43.9 (9.9) years, and mean nicotine dependence according to the Fagerström scale was 6.2 (2.2) points. Average weight gain was 2.6 kg (3.6%), with no significant difference between the sexes. Weight gain in 25% of this population was greater than 4.2 kg, and maximum weight gain was 9.2 kg. Levels of state anxiety fell progressively as weight increased, although there was no evident relationship between the 2 variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Weight gain is moderate as smokers quit. Anxiety levels, which are greater in the first few weeks after cessation, do not explain weight variation, which is more related to the metabolic effects of nicotine rather than to psychological variables.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Tabaquismo FMZ, Departamento de Medicina y Psiquiatría, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, España. isabelne@unizar.es
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nerín
authors.forename: Asunción
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beamonte
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gargallo
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Muro
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marqueta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology*; D001481:Basal Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D001944:Breath Tests; D016642:Bupropion / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis; D002638:Chewing Gum; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011581:Psychological Tests; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002638:Chewing Gum; D016642:Bupropion; D009538:Nicotine; D002248:Carbon Monoxide