title: Investigating subsumption in SNOMED CT: an exploration into large description logic-based biomedical terminologies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Formalisms based on one or other flavor of description logic (DL) are sometimes put forward as helping to ensure that terminologies and controlled vocabularies comply with sound ontological principles. The objective of this paper is to study the degree to which one DL-based biomedical terminology (SNOMED CT) does indeed comply with such principles.
  
  
  METHODS
  We defined seven ontological principles (for example: each class must have at least one parent, each class must differ from its parent) and examined the properties of SNOMED CT classes with respect to these principles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our major results are 31% of these classes have a single child; 27% have multiple parents; 51% do not exhibit any differentiae between the description of the parent and that of the child.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The applications of this principles to quality assurance for ontologies are discussed and suggestions are made for dealing with the phenomenon of multiple inheritance. The advantages and limitations of our approach are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. olivier@nlm.nih.gov
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bodenreider
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burgun
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000592:standards; D003663:Decision Trees; D005103:Expert Systems; D006801:Humans; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval; D008128:Logic; D009323:Natural Language Processing; D011786:Quality Control; D012660:Semantics; D039061:Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine; D009626:Terminology as Topic