title: A gender-specific discriminator in Sprague-Dawley rat urine: the deployment of a metabolic profiling strategy for biomarker discovery and identification.
abstract: The use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) as complementary analytical techniques for open metabolic profiling is illustrated in the context of defining urinary biochemical discriminators between male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Subsequent to the discovery of a female-specific urinary discriminator by LC-MS, further LC, MS, and NMR methods have been applied in a coordinated effort to identify this urinary component. Thereafter, the biological relevance and context of the identified component, in this case a steroid metabolite, has been achieved. This approach will be deployed in future studies of disease, drug efficacy, and toxicity to discover and identify biologically relevant markers.
authors.affiliation: Safety Assessment Division, GlaxoSmithKline, Ware, UK. mark.p.hodson@gsk.com
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Hodson
authors.forename: Gordon J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Dear
authors.forename: Andy D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Claire L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Haylock
authors.forename: Rachel J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Plumb
authors.forename: Chris L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Stumpf
authors.forename: Julian L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: John N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Haselden
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers