title: [Qualitative and quantitative gamma-hydroxybutyrate analysis].
abstract: Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a naturally occurring compound present in the brain and peripheral tissues of mammals. It is a minor metabolite and precursor of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Just as GABA, GHB is believed to play a role in neurotransmission. GHB was first synthesized in vitro in 1960, when it revealed depressive and hypnotic effects on the central nervous system. In 1960s it was used as an anaesthetic and later as an alternative to anabolic steroids, in order to enhance muscle growth. However, after it was shown that it caused strong physical dependence and severe side effects, GHB was banned. For the last fifteen years, GHB has been abused for its intoxicating effects such as euphoria, reduced inhibitions and sedation. Illicitly it is available as white powder or as clear liquid. Paradoxically GHB can easily be manufactured from its precursor gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), which has not yet been banned. Because of many car accidents and criminal acts in which it is involved, GHB has become an important object of forensic laboratory analysis. This paper describes gas and liquid chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, microscopy, colourimetry and nuclear magnetic resonance as methods for detection and quantification of GHB in urine and illicit products.
authors.affiliation: Centar za kriminalisticka vjestacenja Ivan Vucetić, Ministarstvo unutarnjih poslova, Zagreb, Hrvatska. mpetek@mup.hr
authors.forename: Maja Jelena
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Petek
authors.forename: Ana Lucić
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Vrdoljak
mesh_terms: D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000737:chemistry; D012978:Sodium Oxybate / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs; D012978:Sodium Oxybate