title: Long-lasting systemic bait markers for Eurasian badgers.
abstract: This study was carried out to assess whether Rhodamine B, ethyl-iophenoxic acid (EtIPA), and propyl-iophenoxic acid (PrIPA) can be used as long-lasting systemic bait markers for free-living badgers (Meles meles). Between June and November 2003, these chemicals were incorporated into bait distributed around badger setts. Serum, hair, and whiskers from individually marked badgers were collected in the following 4 to 24 wk. Rhodamine B was detectable as fluorescent bands up to 24 wk after ingestion of the bait. Individual badgers were found positive for EtIPA and PrIPA up to 20 wk and 18 wk after exposure, respectively. This study indicates that Rhodamine B, PrIPA, and EtIPA could be used as long-lasting markers for badgers.
authors.affiliation: Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York Y041 1LZ, UK.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cagnacci
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Massei
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Coats
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Leeuw
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Cowan
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000032:analysis; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry; D007480:Iopanoic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D045969:Mustelidae / Q000378:metabolism; D012235:Rhodamines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D012235:Rhodamines; C008160:iophenoxic acid; D007480:Iopanoic Acid; C029773:rhodamine B