title: Enhancing skin wound healing by direct delivery of intracellular adenosine triphosphate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A new intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) delivery technique has been developed and was tested for skin wound care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven pairs of adult nude mice were used. ATP-vesicles were applied in 11 mice, and another 11 mice were treated with lipid vesicles only.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The group treated with ATP-encapsulated fusogenic small, unilamellar lipid vesicles healed faster than the group treated with only lipid vesicles. Histologic study indicated better developed granular tissue and re-epithelialization in the study group, and wound tissue vascular endothelial growth factor expressions were also higher in ATP-vesicles treated mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This intracellular ATP delivery system may provide a new hope for wound healing as well as the treatment of medical conditions in which ischemia is involved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Essick
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ehringer
authors.forename: Sidney
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murphree
authors.forename: Mary Anne
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hauck
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Sufan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chien
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004817:Epidermis / Q000187:drug effects; D006097:Granulation Tissue / Q000187:drug effects; D042541:Intracellular Space; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects*; D053835:Unilamellar Liposomes; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; D053835:Unilamellar Liposomes; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate