title: The Affectometer 2: a measure of positive mental health in UK populations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To validate Affectometer 2 for use in the UK, derive population norms and assess its potential for monitoring positive mental health.
  
  
  METHODS
  722 adults aged 16-74 living in Scotland completed Affectometer 2 and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and provided data on socio-economic factors known to be associated with mental health status. Principal component analysis was used to explore the underlying structure of Affectometer 2. Internal reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha. Construct validity was tested by comparing associations between Affectometer 2 scores and socio-economic factors with expected performance from other surveys and with the GHQ.
  
  
  RESULTS
  89% of participants completed Affectometer 2 suggesting a high level of public acceptability. Both total scale and subscales showed a high level of internal consistency (0.944). Correlations between Affectometer 2 score and key socio-economic variables were consistent with the findings of other population mental health surveys. Correlation with the GHQ was moderate (0.60). Affectometer 2 did not show a ceiling effect in this general population sample. Principal component analysis provided some evidence consistent with a single underlying construct, although this needs further testing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Affectometer 2 met accepted criteria for validity and reliability in this representative UK population and demonstrated potential for use in monitoring positive mental health. The results provide support for the development of a shortened version of the scale which would be advantageous for population surveys.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK. r.tennant@bham.ac.uk
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tennant
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stewart-Brown
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012016:Reference Values; D012606:Scotland; D019455:Self Psychology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires