title: Extraction of hydrocarbons from seaweed samples using sonication and microwave-assisted extraction: a comparative study.
abstract: A sonication method is compared with a microwave-assisted extraction method for recovering polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aliphatic hydrocarbons from seaweed and acid humic samples. Different extracting solvents and adsorbents for the purification step are tested. For the sonication extraction, 10 g of the sample are extracted in an ultrasonic bath (60 degrees C for 15 min with 20 mL of hexane). For the microwave-assisted extraction two steps are carried out, each step at 90 degrees C under pressure in closed vessels with 20 mL of hexane for 10 min at 950 W. A clean-up step is performed for both extraction techniques. The results indicate that the recovery of hydrocarbons is dependent on both the extraction technique and the type of matrix. The most suitable technique appears to be sonication employing hexane as the extraction solvent. The recoveries obtained for aliphatic hydrocarbons are higher than those achieved for the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, with values ranging within 81-109% and 40-76%, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition, and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain. maoliva@usc.es
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Punín Crespo
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cam
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gagni
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lombardi
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lage Yusty
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods; D006586:Hexanes; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008872:Microwaves; D000459:Phaeophyceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012624:Seaweed / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents; D013010:Sonication; D044648:Undaria / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D006586:Hexanes; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012997:Solvents; D000096:Acetone; C026385:n-hexane