title: Altered hippocampal muscarinic M4, but not M1, receptor expression from subjects with schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Having shown a decrease in [3H]pirenzepine binding in the hippocampus from subjects with schizophrenia, we wished to determine whether such a change in radioligand binding was associated with changes in hippocampal mRNA for the muscarinic1 (M1) and muscarinic4 (M4) receptors in tissue from different cohorts of subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The [3H]pirenzepine binding using autoradiography and in situ hybridization with oligonucleotides specific for muscarinic M1 and M4 receptors were completed using hippocampal tissue obtained postmortem from 20 control subjects and 20 subjects with schizophrenia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The [3H]pirenzepine binding was decreased in the dentate gyrus (p < .05), CA3 (p < .01), CA2 (p < .05), and CA1 (p < .01) regions of the hippocampus from subjects with schizophrenia. Levels of M4 mRNA varied with the diagnosis of schizophrenia (p = .01), but significant region-specific changes were not apparent. Changes in levels of mRNA for the muscarinic M1 receptor were not detected with diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that decreases in hippocampal [3H]pirenzepine binding in subjects with schizophrenia are most likely associated with widespread changes in expression levels of the M4 receptor. These data further implicate the hippocampal formation in the pathology of schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Rebecca L. Cooper Research Laboratories, Mental Health Research Institute of Victoria, Parkville, VIC, Australia. elscarr@unimelb.edu.au
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Scarr
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sundram
authors.forename: Dahlia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Keriakous
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dean
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001345:Autoradiography; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010890:Pirenzepine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D011869:Radioligand Assay; D043643:Receptor, Muscarinic M1 / Q000235:genetics*; D043588:Receptor, Muscarinic M4 / Q000235:genetics*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D014316:Tritium
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D043643:Receptor, Muscarinic M1; D043588:Receptor, Muscarinic M4; D014316:Tritium; D010890:Pirenzepine