title: Established treatments for acute ischaemic stroke.
abstract: This article reviews the recommended management of patients presenting to accident and emergency departments with acute ischaemic stroke, and focuses on thrombolysis. The review includes initial management, recommended clinical, laboratory, and radiographic examinations. Appropriate general medical care, consisting of monitoring of oxygenation, fever, blood pressure, and blood glucose concentrations are examined. Criteria for thrombolysis with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) are discussed. Complications of rt-PA therapy, such as haemorrhagic transformation and angio-oedema, are reviewed. An approach to management of rt-PA complications is outlined. Only a small percentage of acute ischaemic stroke patients meet criteria for rt-PA; therefore, alternative acute treatment strategies are also discussed. Acute medical and neurological complications in stroke patients are analysed, along with recommendations for treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA. aslam.m.khaja@uth.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Aslam M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Khaja
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Grotta
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator