title: Use of lemon extract to inhibit the growth of malolactic bacteria.
abstract: The potential use of lemon extract as a natural preservative to inhibit the growth of Oenococcus oeni and Lactobacillus plantarum, microorganisms involved in the malotactic fermentation of wine, was studied. Growth tests were run at 30 degrees C using laboratory media. Carbon dioxide concentration in the vial headspace was used as metabolic activity index of the investigated microorganisms. The MIC and the noninhibiting concentration (NIC) were calculated for each microorganism. Results suggest that lemon extract was active on each phase of the growth cycle for the tested microorganisms. It was also shown that lemon extract exhibits a nonlinear dose-related inhibitory effect on microbial growth. In particular, the active compound could be added at concentrations slightly higher than the NIC levels in order to appreciably slow down the microbial growth rate as well as to reduce the maximum microbial growth level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25-71100 Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Conte
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sinigaglia
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Del Nobile
mesh_terms: D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005285:Fermentation; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D005520:Food Preservatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048191:Lactiplantibacillus plantarum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D007934:Leuconostoc / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D008291:Malate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014835:Volatilization; D014920:Wine / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D005520:Food Preservatives; D010936:Plant Extracts; C037731:malolactic enzyme; D008291:Malate Dehydrogenase