title: Evaluation of vascular complications of pancreas transplantation with high-spatial-resolution contrast-enhanced MR angiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To retrospectively evaluate high-spatial-resolution contrast material-enhanced three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance (MR) angiography for assessment of vascular complications of pancreas allografts.
  
  
  METHODS
  The institutional review board approved the study and waived the requirement for informed patient consent owing to the retrospective nature of the study with use of an anonymous-subject database. The study was HIPAA compliant. The clinical and MR angiography findings in 11 patients (eight men, three women; mean age, 43 years; age range, 30-54 years) who had a history of pancreatic transplant dysfunction and underwent a total of 13 contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography examinations were retrospectively reviewed. Comparison with conventional angiography findings was possible for four MR angiography examinations, comparison with surgical findings was possible for two examinations, and clinical follow-up was possible for all examinations. Two observers in consensus and blinded to the clinical results performed image analysis of the arterial and venous segments. Classification agreement was assessed with quadratic weighted kappa statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten MR angiography examinations revealed vascular complications or signs suggestive of rejection. Only three examinations were considered to have completely normal results. All major complications were detected and included complete or partial arterial graft occlusion, stenosis of the arterial Y-graft caused by a kink, complete venous thrombosis, and arteriovenous fistula with pseudoaneurysm formation. For 46 arterial segments and 15 venous segments with angiographic and/or surgical comparison, overall agreement with MR angiography findings was nearly perfect (mean kappa, 0.983; standard error of the mean, 0.128).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-spatial-resolution MR angiography of pancreas allografts enables assessment of the arterial and venous vascular anatomy and can be used to reliably identify clinically relevant vascular complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Division of Transplant Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, PO Box 800170, 1215 Lee St, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. kdh2n@virginia.edu
authors.forename: Klaus D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Hagspiel
authors.forename: Kiran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nandalur
authors.forename: Timothy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Pruett
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: J Fritz
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Angle
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Spinosa
authors.forename: Alan H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Hossam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Hilary A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Sanfey
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Sawyer
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Burkholder
authors.forename: Kenneth L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Brayman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017541:Aneurysm, False / Q000175:diagnosis; D000792:Angiography; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000175:diagnosis; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010179:Pancreas / Q000098:blood supply*; D016035:Pancreas Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; C064925:gadodiamide; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA