title: Retinal nerve fiber layer damage as assessed by optical coherence tomography in eyes with a visual field defect detected by frequency doubling technology perimetry but not by standard automated perimetry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the visual field (VF) loss detected by frequency doubling technology perimetry (FDT) but not by standard automated perimetry (SAP) is associated with retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) damage measured using optical coherence tomography (OCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-three subjects were recruited from the longitudinal University of California, San Diego, Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  All participants had > or =2 reliable SAP-Swedish Interactive Testing Algorithm and FDT 24-2 tests and at least one Stratus OCT test, all conducted within a 6-month time window.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measured with OCT and the number of sectors with OCT-measured RNFL thickness lower than the 95% confidence interval (CI) or 99% CI based on the instrument's normative database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with those with normal SAP and FDT results, a significantly higher proportion of subjects with normal SAP and abnormal FDT results had OCT-measured RNFL thickness outside 95% limits in the inferior and superior quadrants (P = 0.048) and outside 99% limits in the inferior quadrant (P = 0.010).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When SAP is within normal range, some patients with VF loss detected by FDT show a decreased RNFL thickness, possibly indicating the presence of glaucomatous damage. These results support the validity of FDT as a tool to detect early glaucoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Woo
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Linda M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Zangwill
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bowd
authors.forename: Pamela A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Sample
authors.forename: Neha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Robert N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Weinreb
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000473:pathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014792:Visual Acuity; D058609:Visual Field Tests / Q000379:methods*; D014794:Visual Fields