title: Lenses and effective spatial resolution in macroscopic optical mapping.
abstract: Optical mapping of excitation dynamically tracks electrical waves travelling through cardiac or brain tissue by the use of fluorescent dyes. There are several characteristics that set optical mapping apart from other imaging modalities: dynamically changing signals requiring short exposure times, dim fluorescence demanding sensitive sensors and wide fields of view (low magnification) resulting in poor optical performance. These conditions necessitate the use of optics with good light gathering ability, i.e. lenses having high numerical aperture. Previous optical mapping studies often used sensor resolution to estimate the minimum spatial feature resolvable, assuming perfect optics and infinite contrast. We examine here the influence of finite contrast and real optics on the effective spatial resolution in optical mapping under broad-field illumination for both lateral (in-plane) resolution and axial (depth) resolution of collected fluorescence signals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8181, USA.
authors.forename: Harold
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bien
authors.forename: Puja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Parikh
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Entcheva
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D018780:Body Surface Potential Mapping / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology; D004867:Equipment Design; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007909:Lenses; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes