title: Valvular heart diseases.
abstract: Patients who have valvular heart disease coming for surgery present many challenges to the anesthesiologist. Over the past 3 decades there has been a persistent improvement in our understanding of the pathophysiology of valvular heart disease and in the surgical techniques for correcting it. With the development of efficient and safe noninvasive monitoring of cardiac function, new surgical techniques, better designs of prosthetic valves, and the development of useful guidelines for choosing the proper timing of surgical intervention, patients who have valvular disease with varying physiology can be encountered in the perioperative period. The perioperative physician has to be aware of the varying effects of hemodynamic variables on this subpopulation of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, P.O. Box 208051, New Haven, CT 06510-8051, USA. viji.kurup@yale.edu
authors.forename: Viji
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kurup
authors.forename: Ala' Sami
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Haddadin
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods; D015897:Comorbidity; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D019990:Perioperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D012306:Risk