title: Smear layer removal and chelated calcium ion quantification of three irrigating solutions.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), smear layer removal and quantify, by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, the amount of calcium ion present in the chelating solutions after their use. Sixteen extracted canines were instrumented using the step-back technique and were assigned to 3 groups according to the irrigating solution used: G1: 1 mL 17% EDTAC between each file; G2: 1 mL 17% CDTA; G3: 1 mL 17% EGTA. The solutions were collected after use. The teeth were cleaved longitudinally, evaluated under SEM and assessed for smear layer by blinded examiners and scored from 1 to 4. In order to quantify calcium ion release, the collected solutions were examined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Freidman's test was used for statistical analysis of SEM values and showed that canals irrigated with 17% EDTAC and 17% CDTA had significantly less smear layer throughout the canals than 17% EGTA (p<0.01). For analysis of the collected solutions, Tukey's test was used and showed that EDTAC and CDTA had a greater amount of calcium ions (22.8+/-7.54 and 60.6+/-20.67 microg/mL, respectively) compared to EGTA (70.5+/-14.2 microg/mL) (p<0.01). The association both methodologies may contribute to the understanding of how these solutions act in the root canal.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Pau Brasil 310, 14040-220 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andre Augusto Franco
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.forename: Melissa Andréia
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Marchesan
authors.forename: Celso Bernardo de
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Sousa-Filho
authors.forename: Yara Teresinha Correa
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Silva-Sousa
authors.forename: Manoel D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Sousa-Neto
authors.forename: Antonio Miranda da
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cruz-Filho
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D004533:Egtazic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000379:methods; D016369:Smear Layer; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic
chemical_list: D002614:Chelating Agents; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; C005390:CDTA; D004533:Egtazic Acid; C033443:EDTAC; D004492:Edetic Acid; D002118:Calcium