title: Prevalence of human papillomavirus genotypes in women with normal and abnormal cervical cytology in Iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  HPV infection has a prime etiologic role in development and progression of cervical cancer, one of the most frequent forms of cancer among women in developing countries. This study was designed to determine the most prevalent HPV genotypes in women with normal and abnormal cervical cytology in Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples from134 patients, including 127 who attended gynecology clinics and 7 with solid cervical tumors were used. All 127 patients underwent routine Pap tests for cytological evaluation and at the same visit a sample of cervical epithelial cells was obtained by scraping the cervix osteum. In each case HPV infection was primarily evaluated by PCR using GP 5/6 primers and then subtyping was performed in proved infected samples with specific primers for HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 11 and 6. After cytological evaluation, 50 patients with abnormal Pap tests were categorized as the abnormal group and the remaining 77 patients as the normal group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the normal group, HPV infection was established in 10 cases (13% infection rate), while 30 HPV positive cases were discovered in the abnormal group (60% infected). The most prevalent genotypes among the infected samples were HPV 16 (76%), HPV18 (12.7%) and HPV11/6 (8.5%). Moreover, all 7 tumor samples were positive for HPV general primers of which, 5 samples were infected with HPV 16, two were co-infected with HPV16,18 and HPV16,31 genotypes and one was infected with HPV 18.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infection with HPV 16 was found to be significantly higher in abnormal group in comparison with normal group (42% vs. 11.6%, P value <0.005), likewise HPV18 genotypes were proved to be more prevalent in abnormal group (8% vs. 0%, P value <0.05). No significant relation between other HPV genotypes and pathologic cervical changes was obtained. According to our study high rates of infection with HPV genotypes in sexually active Iranian women makes molecular investigation for HPV16 and 18 very essential in clinical approaches to patients with proven dysplasia in their screening tests and also for those patients with borderline (i.e. ASCUS) or incongruous pathology reports. Larger studies are required to determine the most appropriate vaccine with highest protection in Iranian women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Genomics, Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran. saeed@ghaffari.org
authors.forename: Saeed Reza
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ghaffari
authors.forename: Tayebeh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sabokbar
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mollahajian
authors.forename: Jila
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dastan
authors.forename: Fateme
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ramezanzadeh
authors.forename: Fereshteh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ensani
authors.forename: Fariba
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yarandi
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mousavi-Jarrahi
authors.forename: Mohammad Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mohagheghi
authors.forename: Abdolvahab
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moradi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000821:virology*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D002577:Uterine Cervical Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology; D014626:Vaginal Smears
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral