title: REM sleep behavior disorder and epileptic phenomena: clinical aspects of the comorbidity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To document the occurrence of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) episodes in patients with epilepsy, and of interictal EEG epileptiform abnormalities (IEA) in patients with idiopathic RBD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive observations in a tertiary epilepsy center and a tertiary sleep center. RBD diagnosis was based on standard clinical and video-polysomnographic findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Co-occurrence of epileptic seizures and RBD episodes was found in six cases (all men; mean age 70.5 +/- 11.1 years). Focal, isolated, sporadic sharp waves during wakefulness and/or during sleep were documented in 9 out of 34 (26.4%) patients with idiopathic RBD; no significant differences in age at onset and duration of RBD emerged between RBD patients with and without IEA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RBD episodes can occur in epilepsy patients and focal IEA in patients with idiopathic RBD. This, apart from being a possible cause for misdiagnosis, may indicate a possible link between the two disorders. Further systematic investigations of the occurrence of RBD episodes in epilepsy will help to establish the real extent of this comorbidity and its ultimate neurobiological significance.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Sleep Medicine and Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy. raffaele.manni@mondino.it
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manni
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terzaghi
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zambrelli
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D015897:Comorbidity; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004576:Electromyography; D004585:Electrooculography; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography; D020187:REM Sleep Behavior Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014743:Videotape Recording