title: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta polymorphisms are associated with physical performance and plasma lipids: the HERITAGE Family Study.
abstract: We tested the hypothesis that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta (PPARdelta) gene polymorphisms are associated with cardiorespiratory fitness and plasma lipid responses to endurance training. Associations between the PPARdelta exon 4 +15 C/T and exon 7 +65 A/G polymorphisms and maximal exercise capacity and plasma lipid responses to 20 wk of endurance training were investigated in healthy white (n = 477) and black (n = 264) subjects. In black subjects, the exon 4 +15 C/C homozygotes showed a smaller training-induced increase in maximal oxygen consumption (P = 0.028) than the C/T and T/T genotypes. Similarly, a lower training response in maximal power output was observed in the exon 4 +15 C/C homozygotes (P = 0.005) compared with the heterozygotes and the T/T homozygotes in black subjects, and a similar trend was evident in white subjects (P = 0.087). In white subjects, baseline apolipoprotein A-1 (Apo A-1)levels were higher in the exon 4 +15 C/C (P = 0.011) and exon 7 +65 G/G (P = 0.05) genotypes compared with those in the other genotypes. In white subjects, exon 4 +15 C/C (P = 0.0025) and exon 7 +65 G/G (P = 0.011) genotypes showed significantly greater increases in plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels with endurance training than in the other genotypes, whereas in black subjects the exon 4 +15 CC homozygotes tended to increase (P = 0.057) their Apo A-1 levels more than the T allele carriers. DNA sequence variation in the PPARdelta locus is a potential modifier of changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and plasma HDL-C in healthy individuals in response to regular exercise.
authors.affiliation: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Human Genomics Laboratory, Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808-4124, USA.
authors.forename: Arto J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hautala
authors.forename: Arthur S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Leon
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Skinner
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bouchard
authors.forename: Tuomo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rankinen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D047494:PPAR delta / Q000235:genetics*; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D047494:PPAR delta