Survey of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-furans (PCDFs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and mineral components in Italian citrus cold-pressed essential oils.
Investigation of PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs, Al, As, Pb, Ba, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Cd, Ag, Sn, Zn, and Hg contents in 60 samples of cold-pressed essential oils produced in Calabria and Sicily in 2003-2005 was carried out. PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs were analyzed by HRGC-HRMS techniques using U.S. EPA 1613/94 and U.S. EPA 1668/A (1999) analytical methods. Mineral components were determined through GFAAS techniques; Hg content was determined by FI-M/H-AAS. The results of this study showed that essential oil contamination was due to a widespread pollution, typical background of rural areas, with relatively higher concentrations of PCDDs compared to PCDFs and little presence of PeCDF. Congeners OCDD, HpCDF, and OCDF were found at high concentrations. Regarding mineral components, mean values of Cr, Fe, and Ni were in agreement with data reported in the literature. Concentrations of As and Pb were below the maximum limits accepted by the current legislation. Finally, none of the samples analyzed were contaminated with Hg.
Cautela
Domenico
D
Laboratorio Diossine e Microinquinanti Organici, Stazione Sperimentale per le Industrie delle Essenze e dei derivati dagli Agrumi (SSEA), via Gen. Tommasini 2, 89127 Reggio Calabria, Italy. dcautela@ssea.it
Castaldo
Domenico
D
Santelli
Francesca
F
Laratta
Bruna
B
Pirrello
Antonio Giorgio
AG
Malorni
Antonio
A
Boscaino
Floriana
F
D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis*; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000032:analysis; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry*; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis*; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis
D001572:Benzofurans; D002273:Carcinogens; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D008903:Minerals; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls