title: Soybean charcoal rot disease fungus Macrophomina phaseolina in Mississippi produces the phytotoxin (-)-botryodiplodin but no detectable phaseolinone.
abstract: Research on charcoal rot disease in soybeans, and approximately 500 other plant diseases caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina, has been severely hampered by unavailability of phaseolinone (1), an eremophilane sesquiterpenoid phytotoxin proposed to facilitate initial infection. Phytotoxin produced in cultures of disease-causing M. phaseolina isolated in Mississippi, and purified in a manner similar to that reported for 1, was shown to be (-)-botryodiplodin (2), a readily synthesized mycotoxin previously isolated from Botryodiplodia theobromae cultures. Phaseolinone was not detected, suggesting that 2 may be the phytotoxin that facilitates infection. The availability of 2 should facilitate studies on its role in plant disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramezani
authors.forename: W Thomas
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Shier
authors.forename: Hamed K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Tonos
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Baird
authors.forename: Gabriel L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Sciumbato
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000737:chemistry*; D005663:Furans / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D008922:Mississippi; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D009284:Naphthols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D013025:Glycine max / Q000382:microbiology*; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D005663:Furans; D009183:Mycotoxins; D009284:Naphthols; C006789:botryodiplodin; C056401:phaseolinone