title: [The immune response to kidney allograft. Part II: the role of costimulatory and accessory molecules in T-cell activation; the effector phase of response].
abstract: Kidney transplantation causes an immune response to non-self antigens called allograft rejection. The response to a kidney allograft can be divided into three phases: recognition of the alloantigen, activation of antigen-specific lymphocytes, and the effector phase of graft rejection. Full T-cell activation requires two distinct signals: one through the TCR and a second costimulatory signal through accessory molecules. These accessory molecules play two important roles. The first is to maintain contact between the T cells and APCs, thus providing time for the TCR to sample the antigen on the APC (ICAM-1/LFA-1). The second role is to cooperate with TCR-initiated signals in T-cell activation. The most important second costimulatory signals influencing T-cell clonal expansion and differentiation are provided by the B7/CD28 family of molecules. In the effector phase of graft rejection, foreign cells are damaged by means of three possible mechanisms: 1) T-cell cytotoxicity, 2) delayed-type hypersensitivity, and 3) antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Klinika Nefrologii i Medycyny Transplantacyjnej Akademii Medycznej we Wrocławiu. mariok@tlen.pl
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kusztal
authors.forename: Dominika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jezior
authors.forename: Wacław
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Weyde
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krajewska
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klinger
mesh_terms: D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens