title: Nitroflurbiprofen, a nitric oxide-releasing cyclooxygenase inhibitor, improves cirrhotic portal hypertension in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied whether administration of nitroflurbiprofen (HCT-1026), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor with nitric oxide (NO)-donating properties, modulates the increased intrahepatic vascular tone in portal hypertensive cirrhotic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vivo hemodynamic measurements (n = 8/condition) and evaluation of the increased intrahepatic resistance by in situ perfusion (n = 5/condition) were performed in rats with thioacetamide-induced cirrhosis that received either nitroflurbiprofen (45 mg/kg), flurbiprofen (30 mg/kg, equimolar concentration to nitroflurbiprofen), or vehicle by intraperitoneal injection 24 hours and 1 hour prior to the measurements. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of acute administration of both drugs (250 micromol/L) on the intrahepatic vascular tone in the in situ perfused cirrhotic rat liver (endothelial dysfunction and hyperresponsiveness to methoxamine) and on hepatic stellate cell contraction in vitro. Typical systemic adverse effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as gastrointestinal ulceration, renal insufficiency, and hepatotoxicity, were actively explored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vivo, nitroflurbiprofen and flurbiprofen equally decreased portal pressure (8 +/- 0.8 and 8.4 +/- 0.1 mm Hg, respectively, vs 11.8 +/- 0.6 mm Hg) and reduced the total intrahepatic vascular resistance. Systemic hypotension was not aggravated in the different treatment groups (P = .291). In the perfused cirrhotic liver, both drugs improved endothelial dysfunction and hyperresponsiveness. This was associated with a decreased hepatic thromboxane A(2)-production and an increased intrahepatic nitrate/nitrite level. In vitro, nitroflurbiprofen, more than flurbiprofen, decreased hepatic stellate cells contraction. Flurbiprofen-treated rats showed severe gastrointestinal ulcerations (bleeding in 3/8 rats) and nefrotoxicity, which was not observed in nitroflurbiprofen-treated cirrhotic rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with nitroflurbiprofen, an NO-releasing cyclooxygenase inhibitor, improves portal hypertension without major adverse effects in thioacetamide-induced cirrhotic rats by attenuating intrahepatic vascular resistance, endothelial dysfunction, and hepatic hyperreactivity to vasoconstrictors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Laleman
authors.forename: Lien
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Van Landeghem
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Van der Elst
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zeegers
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fevery
authors.forename: Frederik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nevens
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D005480:Flurbiprofen / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008102:Liver Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D008106:Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced; D010477:Perfusion; D017082:Portal Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013853:Thioacetamide; D013928:Thromboxane A2 / Q000378:metabolism; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D013853:Thioacetamide; C095631:nitroflurbiprofen; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D013928:Thromboxane A2; D005480:Flurbiprofen