title: Automatic recognition and annotation of gene expression patterns of fly embryos.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gene expression patterns obtained by in situ mRNA hybridization provide important information about different genes during Drosophila embryogenesis. So far, annotations of these images are done by manually assigning a subset of anatomy ontology terms to an image. This time-consuming process depends heavily on the consistency of experts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We develop a system to automatically annotate a fruitfly's embryonic tissue in which a gene has expression. We formulate the task as an image pattern recognition problem. For a new fly embryo image, our system answers two questions: (1) Which stage range does an image belong to? (2) Which annotations should be assigned to an image? We propose to identify the wavelet embryo features by multi-resolution 2D wavelet discrete transform, followed by min-redundancy max-relevance feature selection, which yields optimal distinguishing features for an annotation. We then construct a series of parallel bi-class predictors to solve the multi-objective annotation problem since each image may correspond to multiple annotations.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The complete annotation prediction results are available at: http://www.cs.niu.edu/~jzhou/papers/fruitfly and http://research.janelia.org/peng/proj/fly_embryo_annotation/. The datasets used in experiments will be available upon request to the correspondence author.
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Science, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA. jzhou@cs.niu.edu
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Hanchuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D019295:Computational Biology; D004330:Drosophila / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger