title: Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 in human prostate carcinoma and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia-association with increased expression of Polo-like kinase-1.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cyclooxygenases (COX) as well as Polo-like kinases (PLK) are involved in proliferation and cell cycle regulation and have been suggested for preventive and therapeutic approaches in prostate carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we studied expression and prognostic impact of COX-2 in invasive prostate carcinoma, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), atrophic glands, and normal prostatic glands, and investigated the association between COX-2 and PLK-1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed a positivity for COX-2 in 72.1% of PIN and in 44.7% of prostate carcinomas with an overexpression of COX-2 in prostate cancer and PIN compared to benign prostatic tissue (P < 0.0005). Furthermore, we observed a strong correlation between expression of PLK-1 and COX-2 (P < 0.0005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, this is the first report of a correlation between COX-2 and PLK-1 in a malignant tumor. COX-2 and PLK-1 may be interesting targets for new molecular therapies in prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, Charité Hospital, Berlin, Germany. carsten.denkert@charite.de
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Denkert
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thoma
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Niesporek
authors.forename: Wilko
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Weichert
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Aurelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Noske
authors.forename: Hanka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schicktanz
authors.forename: Mick
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burkhardt
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dietel
authors.forename: Glen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kristiansen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001284:Atrophy; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011467:Prostate / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D019048:Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D000097869:Polo-Like Kinase 1
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D000097869:Polo-Like Kinase 1