title: ZnO-latex hybrids obtained by polymer-controlled crystallization: a spectroscopic investigation.
abstract: Micro- and submicrosized ZnO-polymer hybrid materials were synthesized by precipitating zinc oxide from an aqueous medium in the presence of poly(styrene-acrylic acid) latex nanoparticles, prepared by miniemulsion polymerization. Up to 10 wt % of the latex becomes incorporated into the crystals. Although the long-range order of the inorganic material is essentially not altered by the polymer, studies by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) show that the latex particles influence the optical and paramagnetic properties of the hybrids, which can be correlated with changes in the defect structure. Typical PL emission spectra showed a narrow UV peak and a defect-related broad band in the green-yellow spectral region. The former emission is attributed to exciton recombination, whereas the latter seems to be related with deep-level donors. Latex acts as a quencher of the visible emission, and compared to pure ZnO, ZnO-latex hybrids show a significantly lower PL intensity in the visible range. A noticeable dynamic behavior of the PL, clearly more remarkable in the presence of latex, was observed, and it is explained in terms of photodesorption of oxygen adsorbed at surface positions. EPR provided additional information about crystal defects and species with unpaired electrons. All EPR spectra showed a single signal at g approximately 1.96, whose intensity and temperature dependence did not correlate with those of the PL visible band. These findings indicate that the green-yellow emission and the EPR signal of our samples have a different physical origins.
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Postfach 3148, 55128 Mainz, Germany. REMspi@gmail.com
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Espí
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jeschke
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lieberwirth
authors.forename: Clara M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wegner
mesh_terms: D002627:Chemistry, Physical / Q000379:methods; D003460:Crystallization; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D007840:Latex; D008027:Light; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008956:Models, Chemical; D049329:Nanostructures; D010777:Photochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D017785:Photons; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D007840:Latex; D011108:Polymers; D015034:Zinc Oxide