title: HIV type 1 diversity and antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in Burundi.
abstract: In 2002, an HIV surveillance study was performed among more than 5500 individuals representing the general population of urban and rural districts in Burundi. In this report, we genetically characterized a subset of the HIV-1-positive samples identified during this survey, including all the HIV-positive samples from Bujumbura, the capital city, and samples from one semiurban and one rural district. One hundred and nineteen samples were genetically characterized in the V3-V5 region of the env gene and/or in the protease and reverse transcriptase region of the pol gene. Phylogenetic analysis of 101 env/pol sequences revealed that the HIV-1 epidemic in Burundi was driven by subtype C (81.2%), followed by subtype A (7.9 %) and polC/envA recombinants (5.9%). One major mutation associated with resistance to antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) in the pol gene, as defined by the International AIDS Society Resistance Testing-USA panel, was observed in one individual, but many minor resistance-associated mutations were also present in the majority of the samples.
authors.affiliation: UMR145, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement and University of Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.forename: Theodore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Niyongabo
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nduwimana
authors.forename: Christelle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Butel
authors.forename: Athanase
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ndayiragije
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wakana
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nduwimana
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Delaporte
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peeters
mesh_terms: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002063:Burundi / Q000453:epidemiology; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D015686:Gene Products, env; D015684:Gene Products, pol; D015752:Genes, env; D015751:Genes, pol; D014644:Genetic Variation; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011995:Recombination, Genetic
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D015686:Gene Products, env; D015684:Gene Products, pol