title: Reliability of measurement of skin ultrasonic properties in vivo: a potential technique for assessing irradiated skin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Quantitative and objective technique to assess radiation-induced tissue fibrosis is important for clinicians to estimate the efficiency of radiotherapeutic schemes. It has been widely reported that ultrasonic properties are sensitive to changes of acoustic scatterers in biological tissues. Therefore, measurement of ultrasonic properties may serve as a potential assessment technique for irradiated skins. The aim of the present study is to investigate the reliability of such measurement so as to evaluate its potentials for future clinical applications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ultrasonic parameters including attenuation slope (beta), integrated attenuation (IA) and integrated backscatter (IBS) were measured for the frequency range of 10-25 MHz from echographic signals of the forearm and neck dermis of 20 normal subjects in vivo. The intra- and inter-rater reliability of measurement was assessed in 10 normal subjects using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland-Altman test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intra- and inter-rater measurement was demonstrated to be reliable as indicated by high ICC values generally larger than 0.80. In addition, the ultrasonic parameters could successfully differentiate the skins in the neck and forearm regions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The measurement provided reliable information on the ultrasonic properties of the skins and could be potentially applied to comparative clinical trials to assess the late effects of radiotherapy on skins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Y P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Y P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: A F T
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Mak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012867:Skin / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013010:Sonication; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*