title: Maxillofacial trauma resulting from terror in Israel.
abstract: During a 33 month period, maxillofacial injuries resulting from terrorist attacks in Israel were compared with non-terror trauma maxillofacial injuries. Files of patients hospitalized from October 1, 2000 to June 30, 2003 were obtained from the Israel National Trauma Registry. Data were evaluated and compared with a hospitalized non-terror related trauma population within the same period. A literature survey was also conducted. Terror casualties totaled 1,811. In 493 patients with facial injuries, 322 had soft facial tissue injuries (excluding eyes and ears), and 104 had hard tissue injuries of the maxillofacial complex. A significantly higher prevalence was found in terror casualties (explosions and gunshots) compared with non-terror related casualties. Most suffered multiple injuries. Maxillofacial terror casualties experience a unique epidemiology, with more severe injuries and higher prevalence of soft and hard tissue injuries. Preparedness and awareness to the unique pattern of injuries are needed when terrorists strike.
authors.affiliation: Israel Air Force, Tel Aviv, Israel. ringlerd@gmail.com
authors.forename: Doron
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ringler
authors.forename: Shmuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Einy
authors.forename: Adi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giveon
authors.forename: Liab
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Kobi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Peleg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008446:Maxillofacial Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D023481:Terrorism / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices