title: Elevated serum homocysteine, low serum vitamin B12, folate, and age-related macular degeneration: the Blue Mountains Eye Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess associations between increased serum homocysteine, low vitamin B12, low folate, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based, cross-sectional analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate were measured in 2,335 participants of the Blue Mountains Eye Study second survey. AMD detected from retinal photographs included atrophic or neovascular lesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjusting for age, gender, and smoking in logistic regression models, homocysteine >15 micromol/l was associated with an increased likelihood of AMD in participants aged <75 years (odds ratio [OR] 3.21, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.09 to 9.43). A similar association was found for vitamin B12 <125 pmol/l (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.08 to 4.89) among all participants. In participants with homocysteine < or =15 micromol/l, low serum B12 was associated with nearly four-fold higher odds of AMD (OR 3.74, 95% CI 1.06 to 13.24). Folate was not statistically significantly associated with AMD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased homocysteine and low vitamin B12 were independently associated with an increased risk of AMD in this study population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rochtchina
authors.forename: Jie Jin
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Victoria M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Flood
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mitchell
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D016231:Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009517:New South Wales; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D006710:Homocysteine; D005492:Folic Acid; D014805:Vitamin B 12