title: [Artifacts in optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of the retina].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate artifacts of OCT scans and of software analysis for retinal cross-section scans in a specialised retina clinic setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 205 vertical cross-hair OCT scans of retinal Stratus OCTs were randomly chosen from the database. All scans had been performed by one experienced technician. There were 75 (37%) normal findings, the remaining scans showed various types of retinal pathology: All scanning artifacts were analysed. Retinal thickness of all scans was measured automatically at the centre of the macula using two different software algorithms: the instrument's built-in "Stratus OCT Viewer V 4.01" and the stand-alone application "Datamedical OCTview V 3.5" (Datamedical Consulting, Hamburg). Errors of the software to correctly identify the retinal surface and the outer highly reflective layer were assigned into three categories: none, minor error (no influence on measurements) and major error.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 7.3% of all OCT scans showed scanning artifacts: 5 motion artifacts, 9 scans with low signal intensity and 1 decentred scan. Scanning artifacts significantly increased the frequency of software errors (p = 0.012). The presence of retinal pathology also increased the number of errors (p = 0.004). Software analysis yielded a total of 20 major and 2 minor errors for the Stratus OCT (overall 10.7%) and 32 major and 64 minor errors for the Datamedical Viewer (p < 0.001). Measurements by Datamedical OCTview were a mean of 57 micron higher due to a different definition of the outer retinal border. Retinal pathologies significantly increased the likelihood of software errors for both algorithms (both p < 0.01), most critical were macular holes and changes in age-related macular degeneration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Scanning artifacts were associated with a significantly higher frequency of software errors. As artifacts of scans and software occur frequently, the interpretation of OCT scans requires special attention to artifacts.
authors.affiliation: Augenklinik der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Strauss
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Scholz
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Ulbig
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kampik
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Neubauer
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012984:Software; D012986:Software Validation; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*