title: Accumulation, tissue-specific distribution and debromination of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209) in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris).
abstract: In this study we investigated the accumulation, tissue-specific distribution and possible debromination of BDE 209 in a terrestrial songbird species, the European starling, using silastic implants as a method of exposure. BDE 209 accumulated in the blood of the exposed starlings to a mean peak concentration of 16+/-4.1 ng/ml on day 10. After this peak, there was a decline to 3.3+/-0.4 ng/ml blood at the end of the exposure period of 76 days, which suggests elimination of BDE 209. In the exposed group, the muscle concentrations (461 ng/g lipid weight [lw], 430 ng/g lw) were about twofold those in liver (269 ng/g lw, 237 ng/g lw). In addition to BDE 209, other PBDE congeners, particularly octa- and nonaBDEs, were also present in the muscle and liver, suggesting bioformation from BDE 209. To our knowledge, these results are the first indications for the debromination of BDE 209 in birds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (Campus Drie Eiken), Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium. evi.vandensteen@ua.ac.be
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Van den Steen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Covaci
authors.forename: V L B
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Jaspers
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dauwe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Voorspoels
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eens
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pinxten
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005060:Europe; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006207:Half-Life; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism; D010647:Phenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012826:Silicone Elastomers / Q000737:chemistry; D046749:Starlings / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005411:Flame Retardants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D010647:Phenyl Ethers; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; D012826:Silicone Elastomers; C086401:pentabromodiphenyl ether; C010902:decabromobiphenyl ether