title: In vitro evaluation of the anticancer effect of lactoferrin and tea polyphenol combination on oral carcinoma cells.
abstract: We investigated the anticancer effects of green and black tea polyphenols alone and in combination with bovine milk lactoferrin (bLF) on human tongue squamous carcinoma (CAL-27) and normal human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells. Both green (Polyphenon-E;P-E) and black tea polyphenols (Polyphenon-B;P-B) preferentially inhibit the growth of CAL-27 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Based on the IC(50) values, P-E was found to be more effective than P-B and the combination of P-E and bLF (1:2 ratio) exhibited synergistic inhibition of CAL-27 cells. Analysis of the mechanism revealed nuclear fragmentation and condensation with appearance of the A(o) peak indicative of apoptosis. Furthermore, tea polyphenols transduced the apoptosis signal via generation of reactive oxygen species and decrease in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio thereby inducing mitochondrial permeability transition with consequent activation of caspase-3. Overall, the potency of cytotoxic and apoptosis inducing effects of dietary agents on CAL-27 cells was in the order P-E and bLF combination (1:2 ratio)>P-E>P-B. These results suggest that a "designer" approach may be useful for oral cancer prevention strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: K V P Chandra
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Mohan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gunasekaran
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Varalakshmi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059808:Polyphenols; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry*; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D059808:Polyphenols; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013662:Tea; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C506663:polyphenon B; D002392:Catechin; D007781:Lactoferrin; D053148:Caspase 3; C472086:polyphenon E