title: Ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer erosions after use as a urethral bulking agent.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer was approved for use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in December 2004 for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report on two patients who underwent injection with ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer who were later found to have urethral erosions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Information regarding complications after ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer urethral injections is currently limited. We performed a search of the FDA labeling information, Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience database, and abstracts presented at scientific meetings regarding complications with this material. Symptomatic and asymptomatic erosions of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer in the urethra, bladder, and vaginal mucosa are possible complications after this procedure.
authors.affiliation: Brown Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA. EErekson@wihri.org
authors.forename: Elisabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Erekson
authors.forename: Vivian W
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Charles R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Rardin
authors.forename: Deborah L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Myers
mesh_terms: D016907:Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; D000368:Aged; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014521:Urethra / Q000601:surgery*; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D011145:Polyvinyls; C020320:ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer