title: N-acetylcysteine exerts protective effects and prevents lung redox imbalance and peroxynitrite generation in endotoxemic rats.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine in endotoxemic rats the effects of N-acetylcysteine on lung redox imbalance and plasma peroxynitrite generation. Eighty male Wistar rats were divided in two sets of five experimental groups. Six hours after vehicle (Control group: isotonic NaCl sterile solution i.p.; n=7), lipopolysaccharide (LPS group: 1 mg/Kg i.p.; n=8), N-acetylcysteine plus LPS (NAC+LPS group, n=8), NAC plus the nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor N(w)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester plus LPS (NAC+NAME+LPS group; n=8), or NAME plus LPS (NAME+LPS group; n=9), arterial blood and lung samples were taken from each animal under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia. In five additional groups treated as described above, in vivo plasma oxidation of dihydrorhodamine (DRH) 123 to rhodamine (RH)123 was measured as index of peroxynitrite formation. LPS treated rats presented increased plasma lactate, thrombocytopenia and both, decreased reduced thiols and increased lipid peroxidation in lung tissue. Moreover, LPS produced increments in plasma concentration of nitrites/nitrates and DRH 123 oxidation. Pretreatment with NAC prevented all these changes induced by LPS except the increment in plasma concentration of nitrites/nitrates. The protective effects seen in LPS rats pretreated with NAC were not observed in the NAC+NAME+LPS group. In conclusion, the results of this study show that in endotoxemia induced by LPS in rats, NAC produces protective effects on lung redox balance and prevents peroxynitrite anion generation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Fc. Medicine, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain. luisfer@um.es
authors.forename: Luis F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Carbonell
authors.forename: Julián
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Díaz
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cuevas
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Valero
authors.forename: Tomás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Quesada
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fenoy
authors.forename: Miguel G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Salom
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D004396:Coloring Agents; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D010976:Platelet Count; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012235:Rhodamines; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012235:Rhodamines; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; C058319:dihydrorhodamine 123; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D000111:Acetylcysteine