Task structure and postcompletion error in the execution of a routine procedure.
OBJECTIVE
To replicate a successful laboratory slip-class error paradigm and, more importantly, to further understand the underlying causes of errors made in that paradigm.


BACKGROUND
Routine procedural errors are facts of everyday life but have received limited controlled empirical study, despite the sometimes severe consequences associated with such errors. This research concerns one such error, postcompletion error (M. D. Byrne & S. Bovair, 1997), which is a lapse that occurs after the main goal of a task has been satisfied.


METHODS
In the two experiments conducted, participants were trained to criterion on a routine procedural task and were then brought back to the lab for a later session or sessions in which performance on task execution was measured. In the second experiment, a variety of motivational manipulations, retraining, and task redesign were compared.


RESULTS
Experiment 1 demonstrated a substantial reduction of error rate generated by a simple design change (alteration of when feedback about goal completion occurred). Furthermore, the reduction in error rate came with no penalty in terms of overall speed of performance. Experiment 2 showed that this more appropriate design is superior to motivationally oriented interventions, retraining, and even midtask redesign. As in Experiment 1, Experiment 2 revealed no speed-accuracy tradeoff.


CONCLUSIONS
These experiments provide evidence that controlled laboratory studies of slip-class errors can be meaningful and highlight the centrality of cognitive factors (particularly goal structure) in such errors.


CONCLUSIONS
Potential applications include design of interfaces and their related procedures as well as error-mitigation techniques.
Byrne
Michael D
MD
Department of Psychology, Rice University, 6100 Main St., MS-25, Houston, TX 77005, USA. byrne@acm.org
Davis
Elizabeth M
EM
D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D009042:Motivation; D012107:Research Design; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013997:Time Factors