title: Influence of roughage/concentrate ratio and linseed oil on the concentration of trans-fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid in duodenal chyme and milk fat of late lactating cows.
abstract: The objective of the study was to investigate the influence of two roughage-to-concentrate ratios, with or without linseed oil supplementation, on the flow of fatty acids in the intestinal chyme and the secretion in milk fat in late lactating cows. Seven late lactating cows fitted with cannulae in the dorsal rumen and simple T-shaped cannulae in the proximal duodenum were randomly assigned to four experimental periods applying an incomplete replicated 2 x 2 Latin square design. The rations consisted of meadow hay and a concentrate mixture given in a ratio of 70:30 or 30:70 on dry matter basis. The basal rations were fed without or with 200 g linseed oil daily. After three weeks of adaptation, samples from the duodenal chyme were taken to study the flow of fatty acids. Additionally, milk samples were analysed for their milk fat composition. Decreasing roughage/concentrate ratio and linseed oil supplementation significantly increased the flow of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), trans-fatty acids (tFA) and conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) in the duodenum. Furthermore, linseed oil increased the flow of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in the duodenum. Higher concentrate portion (H 30) and linseed oil supplementation significantly decreased the milk fat content. SFA were lower (p < 0.05) and MUFA were higher (p < 0.05) in milk fat after linseed oil supplementation; H 30 resulted in more polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA, p < 0.05) in the milk. Linseed oil supplementation significantly increased tFA and CLA in milk fat. The higher CLA content in milk fat as compared to that in the digesta suggests that a substantial endogenous synthesis of CLA in the mammary gland tissue through A9-desaturase took place. Between 21% and 48% of duodenal t11-C(18:1) were converted into c9, t11-CLA in milk fat.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Agricultural Research Centre (FAL), Braunschweig, Germany. gerhard.flachowsky@fal.de
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Flachowsky
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Erdmann
authors.forename: Liane
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hüther
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jahreis
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Möckel
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lebzien
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004386:Duodenum / Q000378:metabolism*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation / Q000378:metabolism; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated / Q000032:analysis; D008043:Linseed Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D011897:Random Allocation; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005227:Fatty Acids; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; D008055:Lipids; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids; D008043:Linseed Oil