title: Analysis of progression and survival after 10 years of a randomized prospective study comparing mitomycin-C and bacillus Calmette-Guérin in patients with high-risk bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the 10-year follow-up of a study randomizing between instillations of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and mitomycin-C (MMC) for treating high-risk and not muscle-invasive urinary bladder cancer to assess progression, the need for more aggressive treatment and survival (cancer-specific and overall), as many of the published studies comparing different treatments for disease that is not muscle-invasive have a short follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1987 and 1992, 261 patients were included; they had frequently recurring Ta/T1G1-G2, T1G3 or primary Tis-dysplasia. The patients were randomized to treatment with either 40 mg of MMC or 120 mg of BCG (Danish strain 1331) given weekly for 6 weeks, then monthly up to a year and finally every third month for a further year. The 250 evaluable patients were followed using hospital files and national registers on causes of death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median follow-up for survivors was 123 months. The disease progressed in 58 (23%) of the patients, 34 in the MMC group and 24 in the BCG group (P = 0.26). Of the 140 patients who died, 68 were in the BCG and 72 in the MMC group (log-rank P = 0.98); most (95, 68%) died from other causes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the follow-up of the present patients it cannot be concluded that the drugs originally administered, MMC or BCG, differed in their effect on progression, need for subsequent treatment or survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Surgical Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. truls.gardmark@surgsci.uu.se
authors.forename: Truls
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gårdmark
authors.forename: Staffan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jahnson
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wahlquist
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wijkström
authors.forename: Per-Uno
authors.initials: PU
authors.lastname: Malmström
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000517:prevention & control; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001500:BCG Vaccine; D016685:Mitomycin