title: Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for erectile dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Erectile dysfunction is a common multi-factorial complication of diabetes mellitus. Numerous strategies have been tried to overcome this diabetic complication. In recent years, phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors have been introduced in the management of erectile dysfunction.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this review was to assess the effect of PDE-5 inhibitors on the management of erectile dysfunction in diabetic men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies were obtained from computerised searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trials, in which treatment with PDE-5 inhibitors was compared to control, in diabetic patients with erectile dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed trial quality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight randomised controlled trials were identified. A total 976 men were allocated to receive a PDE-5 inhibitor and 741 were randomised to the control groups. Overall, 80% of the participants suffered from type 2 diabetes mellitus. The weighted mean difference (WMD) for the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questions 3 and 4 (frequency of penetration during and maintaining erection to completion of intercourse) was 0.9 (95% CI 0.8 to 1.1) and 1.1 (95% CI 1.0 to 1.2) at the end of the study period, in favour of the intervention group. The WMD for the IIEF erectile dysfunction domain at the end of the study period was 6.6 (95% CI 5.2 to 7.9) in favour of the PDE-5 inhibitors arm. The relative risk (RR) for answering "yes" to a global efficacy question ( "did the treatment improve your erections?") was 3.8 (CI 95% 3.1 to 4.5) in the PDE-5 inhibitors compared with the control arm. The WMD between the percentage of successful attempts in the PDE-5 inhibitors and in the control arm was 26.7 (95% CI 23.1 to 30.3). Mortality was not reported in any of the included trials. Adverse cardiovascular effects were reported in one study. Headache was the most frequent adverse event reported, flushing was the second most common event, with upper respiratory tract complaints and flu like syndromes, dyspepsia, myalgia, abnormal vision and back pain also reported in a descending order of frequency. The overall risk ratio for developing any adverse reaction was 4.8 (CI 95% 3.74 to 6.16) in the PDE-5 inhibitors arm as compared to the control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sufficient evidence exists that PDE-5 inhibitors form a care that improves erectile dysfunction in diabetic men.
authors.affiliation: Carmel Medical Center, Internal Medicine, 7 Michal St, Haifa, Haifa, Israel, 34362. mvardi@013.net.il
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vardi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nini
mesh_terms: D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D002243:Carbolines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054706:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011687:Purines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D013450:Sulfones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068581:Tadalafil; D014227:Triazines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069058:Vardenafil Dihydrochloride
chemical_list: D002243:Carbolines; D007093:Imidazoles; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D010879:Piperazines; D011687:Purines; D013450:Sulfones; D014227:Triazines; D000069058:Vardenafil Dihydrochloride; D000068581:Tadalafil; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases; D054706:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5; C517381:PDE5A protein, human