The likely impact of elevated [CO2], nitrogen deposition, increased temperature and management on carbon sequestration in temperate and boreal forest ecosystems: a literature review.
Temperate and boreal forest ecosystems contain a large part of the carbon stored on land, in the form of both biomass and soil organic matter. Increasing atmospheric [CO2], increasing temperature, elevated nitrogen deposition and intensified management will change this C store. Well documented single-factor responses of net primary production are: higher photosynthetic rate (the main [CO2] response); increasing length of growing season (the main temperature response); and higher leaf-area index (the main N deposition and partly [CO2] response). Soil organic matter will increase with increasing litter input, although priming may decrease the soil C stock initially, but litter quality effects should be minimal (response to [CO2], N deposition, and temperature); will decrease because of increasing temperature; and will increase because of retardation of decomposition with N deposition, although the rate of decomposition of high-quality litter can be increased and that of low-quality litter decreased. Single-factor responses can be misleading because of interactions between factors, in particular those between N and other factors, and indirect effects such as increased N availability from temperature-induced decomposition. In the long term the strength of feedbacks, for example the increasing demand for N from increased growth, will dominate over short-term responses to single factors. However, management has considerable potential for controlling the C store.
Hyvönen
Riitta
R
Department of Ecology and Environmental Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), PO Box 7072, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
Ågren
Göran I
GI
Department of Ecology and Environmental Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), PO Box 7072, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
Linder
Sune
S
Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, SLU, PO Box 49, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden.
Persson
Tryggve
T
Department of Ecology and Environmental Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), PO Box 7072, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
Cotrufo
M Francesca
MF
Department of Environmental Sciences, Second University of Naples, Via Vivaldi 43, IT-81100 Caserta, Italy.
Ekblad
Alf
A
Department of Natural Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden.
Freeman
Michael
M
Department of Ecology and Environmental Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), PO Box 7072, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
Grelle
Achim
A
Department of Ecology and Environmental Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), PO Box 7072, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
Janssens
Ivan A
IA
Department of Biology, Universiteit Antwerpen (UA), Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
Jarvis
Paul G
PG
Duireaskin, Aberfeldy, Perthshire PH15 2ED, UK.
Kellomäki
Seppo
S
Faculty of Forestry, University of Joensuu, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
Lindroth
Anders
A
Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystems Analysis, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden.
Loustau
Denis
D
INRA, Research Unit EPHYSE, BP81, Villenave d'Ornon Cedex FR-33883, France.
Lundmark
Tomas
T
Unit for Field-based Forest Research, SLU, SE-922 91 Vindeln, Sweden.
Norby
Richard J
RJ
Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6422, USA.
Oren
Ram
R
Division of Environmental Science and Policy, Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0328, USA.
Pilegaard
Kim
K
Plant Biology and Biogeochemistry Department, Risö National Laboratory, PO Box 49, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
Ryan
Michael G
MG
USDA Forest Service RMRS, 240 West Prospect Road, Fort Collins, CO 80526 USA.
Sigurdsson
Bjarni D
BD
Agricultural University of Iceland, IS-311 Borgarnes, Iceland.
Strömgren
Monika
M
Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystems Analysis, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden.|Department of Forest Soils, SLU, PO Box 7001, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
van Oijen
Marcel
M
CEH-Edinburgh, Bush Estate, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, UK.
Wallin
Göran
G
Department. of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Göteborg, PO Box 461, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D017753:Ecosystem; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature; D014197:Trees / Q000502:physiology*
D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002244:Carbon; D009584:Nitrogen