title: Maintenance therapy with once-monthly administration of long-acting injectable risperidone in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder: a pilot study of an extended dosing interval.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several clinical studies have established the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of long-acting risperidone administered once every 2 weeks in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. This report evaluates preliminary efficacy, safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic data for a novel (once-monthly) administration of long-acting injectable risperidone 50 mg in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinically stable patients participated in a 1-year, open-label, single-arm, multicenter pilot study. During the 4-week lead-in phase, patients received long-acting risperidone 50 mg injections every 2 weeks, with 2 weeks of oral risperidone supplementation. Injections of long-acting risperidone 50 mg every 4 weeks followed for up to 48 weeks, without oral supplementation. The primary endpoint was relapse; other assessments included PANSS, CGI-S, adverse event reports, and determination of risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone plasma concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve patients in the intent-to-treat population (n = 67) met relapse criteria (17.9%). Relapse risk at 1 year was estimated as 22.4%. Non-statistically significant improvements in symptoms (PANSS) and clinical status (CGI-S) at endpoint were observed. The most common adverse events included schizophrenia aggravated not otherwise specified (19.5%), anxiety (16.1%), insomnia (16.1%), and headache (11.5%). There were no unexpected safety and tolerability findings. Mean plasma concentrations for risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone were generally stable during the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Once-monthly dosing of long-acting risperidone was well tolerated, associated with a relatively low relapse rate (similar to that reported with other antipsychotics), and maintained the clinically stable baseline status of most patients. Although the results suggest that some symptomatically stable patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder might be safely managed with long-acting risperidone 50 mg once monthly, these findings alone do not identify which patients will have a sufficient therapeutic benefit nor do they quantify comparative effects of standard and altered dosing. Study limitations (the open-label pilot study design, small sample size, and lack of a concurrent biweekly treatment arm) prevent broad interpretations and extrapolations of results. Controlled studies would be required to support a recommendation for alternative dosing regimens.
authors.affiliation: Roche Pharmaceuticals, Nutley, NJ, USA. GGharaba@JANUS.JNJ.com
authors.forename: Georges M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Gharabawi
authors.forename: Natalie C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Gearhart
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Lasser
authors.forename: Ramy A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Mahmoud
authors.forename: Young
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mannaert
authors.forename: Ineke
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Naessens
authors.forename: Cynthia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bossie
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kujawa
authors.forename: George M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Simpson