Corticotropin releasing hormone--a GPCR drug target.
Corticotrophin Releasing Hormone (CRH) is a primary hormone in the fight or flight response targeting a membrane bound G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR). Many people worldwide stand to benefit by the development of CRH agonists and antagonists for the treatment of anxiety and depression, with additional therapeutic targets including Alzheimer's, pain and the prevention of premature birth: so why the delay in development? In this review, we will discuss not only CRH, related proteins, receptors and ligands, but some of the obstacles that have arisen, as well as strategies being pursued to overcome these problems in the pursuit of this GPCR targeted therapeutic. Several key proteins influence the complex and intrinsic regulation of CRH, including its receptors (CRHR), of which 3 types have been categorised, CRHR(1), CRHR(2), CRHR(3), each containing active and inactive splice variants. Additionally, the CRH binding protein (CRHBP) is believed to moderate the effects of CRH at the receptor, whether it is as a molecular mop, or a delivery vessel, or both, is still being investigated. Homology based receptor modelling is a technique that has only recently become available with the crystallisation of bovine rhodopsin (a GPCR), [1] and the application of this technique to the CRH receptors is still in the early stages of development. Therefore, the medicinal chemist has previously had to rely on ligand-based strategies, specifically, the development of pharmacophores. Thus, an extensive number of both CRH peptide analogues and small ligands that show nanomolar antagonism have been developed with SAR libraries being integral to the iterative drug design process.
Hemley
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CF
Department of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
McCluskey
A
A
Keller
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PA
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018019:Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
D018019:Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone