title: Focal epidural cooling reduces the infarction volume of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in swine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The protective effect against ischemic stroke by systemic hypothermia is limited by the cooling rate and it has severe complications. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of SBH induced by epidural cooling on infarction volume in a swine model of PMCAO.
  
  
  METHODS
  Permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion was performed in 12 domestic swine assigned to groups A and B. In group A, the cranial and rectal temperatures were maintained at normal range (37 degrees C-39 degrees C) for 6 hours after PMCAO. In group B, cranial temperature was reduced to moderate (deep brain, <30 degrees C) and deep (brain surface, <20 degrees C) temperature and maintained at that level for 5 hours after 1 hour after PMCAO, by the epidural cooling method. All animals were euthanized 6 hours after MCAO; their brains were sectioned and stained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride and their infarct volumes were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The moderate and deep brain temperature (at deep brain and brain surface) can be induced by rapid epidural cooling, whereas the rectal temperature was maintained within normal range. The infarction volume after PMCAO was significantly reduced by epidural cooling compared with controls (13.73% +/- 1.82% vs 5.62% +/- 2.57%, P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study has demonstrated, with histologic confirmation, that epidural cooling may be a useful strategy for reducing infarct volume after the onset of ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, PR China.
authors.forename: Lihua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Huilin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Jixin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004824:Epidural Space; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D034421:Sus scrofa; D016896:Treatment Outcome