title: Antiviral effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) against enterovirus 71.
abstract: In this study, the antiviral activities of seven different extracts of Salvia miltiorrhiza (danshen) were determined. The first two extracts, SA1 and SA2, isolated at room temperature by ethyl acetate and water extraction, respectively, neutralized the enterovirus 71-induced cytopathic effect in Vero, rhabdomyosarcoma and MRC-5 cells. The other five crude extracts, extracted with warm water (60-70 degrees C) or organic solvents, did not have any protective activity. The 50% inhibitory concentrations for neutralizing the enterovirus 71-induced cytopathic effect were 0.742 +/- 0.042 mg/ml for SA1 and 0.585 +/- 0.018 mg/ml for SA2 in Vero cells. No antiviral activity was observed in the other viruses tested. Antiviral activity was more efficient in cultures treated with SA1 or SA2 during viral infection compared to the cultures treated before or after infection, suggesting that these danshen extracts could interfere with viral entry. SA1 and SA2 were able to inhibit viral RNA synthesis in the infected cells and to abate the apoptotic process in enterovirus 71-infected Vero cells. We conclude that danshen extracts possess antiviral activity and have potential for the development as an anti-enterovirus 71 agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Bin-Wen
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Tai-Long
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Yann-Lii
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Leu
authors.forename: Yu-Kaung
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Pei-Ju
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: Kwang-Huei
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jim-Tong
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Horng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D004769:Enterovirus Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000378:metabolism; D027561:Salvia miltiorrhiza; D014709:Vero Cells; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012367:RNA, Viral