title: Abnormalities of epidermal growth factor receptor in lung squamous-cell carcinomas, adenosquamous carcinomas, and large-cell carcinomas: tyrosine kinase domain mutations are not rare in tumors with an adenocarcinoma component.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) gene mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) have proven to be clinically significant in nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), particularly in adenocarcinoma. However, TKD mutations together with deletion mutations in the extracellular domain of EGFR (EGFRvIII) have not been fully investigated in NSCLC except for adenocarcinoma. The present study sought to gain further insight into the significance of EGFR mutations in NSCLC by focusing on nonadenocarcinoma NSCLC.
  
  
  METHODS
  EGFR TKD mutations were investigated using direct sequencing and mutation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and EGFRvIII mutations were examined using reverse transcriptase-PCR in samples from 42 NSCLC patients and 6 NSCLC cell lines excluding adenocarcinoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EGFR TKD mutations were detected in 1 of 7 (14%) squamous-cell carcinomas with an adenocarcinoma component and 2 of 4 (50%) adenosquamous carcinomas. In contrast, EGFR TKD mutations were not identified in 24 pure squamous-cell carcinomas without any adenocarcinoma component, 7 large-cell carcinomas, or 6 cell lines. EGFRvIII was detected solely in 1 of 7 large-cell carcinomas (14%), but not in 31 squamous-cell carcinomas, 4 adenosquamous carcinomas, or 6 cell lines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that EGFR TKD mutations are found in NSCLCs with an adenocarcinoma element. Patients with such lesions are thus considered candidates for molecular therapies targeting EGFR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan. kouki7@kj9.so-net.ne.jp
authors.forename: Kouki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohtsuka
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.forename: Masachika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kishino
authors.forename: Satsuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsushima
authors.forename: Go
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Furuyashiki
authors.forename: Hidefumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takei
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koshiishi
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goya
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018196:Carcinoma, Adenosquamous / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D018287:Carcinoma, Large Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000737:chemistry; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: C410723:epidermal growth factor receptor VIII; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases