title: Transient trimethylaminuria related to menstruation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Trimethylaminuria, or fish odor syndrome, includes a transient or mild malodor caused by an excessive amount of malodorous trimethylamine as a result of body secretions. Herein, we describe data to support the proposal that menses can be an additional factor causing transient trimethylaminuria in self-reported subjects suffering from malodor and even in healthy women harboring functionally active flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3).
  
  
  METHODS
  FMO3 metabolic capacity (conversion of trimethylamine to trimethylamine N-oxide) was defined as the urinary ratio of trimethylamine N-oxide to total trimethylamine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Self-reported Case (A) that was homozygous for inactive Arg500stop FMO3, showed decreased metabolic capacity of FMO3 (i.e., approximately 10% the unaffected metabolic capacity) during 120 days of observation. For Case (B) that was homozygous for common [Glu158Lys; Glu308Gly] FMO3 polymorphisms, metabolic capacity of FMO3 was almost approximately 90%, except for a few days surrounding menstruation showing < 40% metabolic capacity. In comparison, three healthy control subjects that harbored heterozygous polymorphisms for [Glu158Lys; Glu308Gly] FMO3 or homozygous for wild FMO3 showed normal (> 90%) metabolic capacity, however, on days around menstruation the FMO3 metabolic capacity was decreased to ~60-70%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Together, these results indicate that abnormal FMO3 capacity is caused by menstruation particularly in the presence, in homozygous form, of mild genetic variants such as [Glu158Lys; Glu308Gly] that cause a reduced FMO3 function.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan. shimizu@ac.shoyaku.ac.jp
authors.forename: Makiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Cashman
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006579:Heterozygote; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D008598:Menstruation / Q000235:genetics*; D008661:Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D008744:Methylamines / Q000652:urine*; D010105:Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008744:Methylamines; D010105:Oxygenases; C020066:dimethylaniline monooxygenase (N-oxide forming); C023336:trimethylamine