A comparison of bilateral infraorbital nerve block with intravenous fentanyl for analgesia following cleft lip repair in children.
BACKGROUND
The efficacy of analgesia with bilateral infraorbital nerve block and intravenous (i.v.) fentanyl were compared for cleft lip surgery in children.


METHODS
Eighty-two children aged 3 months to 10 years undergoing cleft lip repair were prospectively randomized to one of two groups: bilateral infraorbital nerve block (Group B), or i.v. fentanyl (Group F). Group B (n = 41) received bilateral infraorbital injection of 1 ml 0.25% bupivacaine and 2 ml i.v. saline as control. Group F (n = 41) received 2 microg x kg(-1) i.v. fentanyl, and bilateral infraorbital injection of 1 ml saline as control. Pain was evaluated by the incidence of tachycardia, hypertension, and/or modified pain score > or =4. The time to awakening, time to first cry and time to feeding were noted.


RESULTS
Thirty four children (82.9%) in Group B had adequate analgesia compared with 15 (36.6%) in Group F (P < 0.0001, RR of failure 0.27 for Group B). Group B had a mean time to awakening of 5.65 +/- 2.52 min (Group F: 9.37 +/- 4.50 min; P < 0.0001), time to first cry 32.14 +/- 18.22 min (Group F: 28.00 +/- 16.27 min; P = 0.3), time to feed 62.05 +/- 20.06 min (Group F: 72.44 +/- 17.72; P = 0.015), and pain score 2.81 +/- 1.38 (Group F: 4.71 +/- 1.89; P < 0.0001). There were no major complications.


CONCLUSIONS
Bilateral infraorbital block is superior to fentanyl in terms of analgesia, and time to awakening and feeding.
Rajamani
Arvind
A
Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Nagar, Chennai, India. rrarvind@yahoo.com
Kamat
Vijaylakshmi
V
Rajavel
Vardaraja Ponnambalam
VP
Murthy
Jyotsna
J
Hussain
Syed Altaf
SA
D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D005283:Fentanyl; D002045:Bupivacaine