title: Melatonin reduces inflammation and cell death in white matter in the mid-gestation fetal sheep following umbilical cord occlusion.
abstract: The premature infant is at increased risk of cerebral white matter injury. Melatonin is neuroprotective in adult models of focal cerebral ischemia and attenuates ibotenate-induced white matter cysts in neonatal mice. Clinically, melatonin has been used to treat sleep disorders in children without major side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective and anti-inflammatory effects of melatonin in the immature brain following intrauterine asphyxia. Fetal sheep at 90 d of gestation were subjected to umbilical cord occlusion. Melatonin (20 mg/kg, n = 9) or vehicle (n = 10) was administered IV to the fetus, starting 10 min after the start of reperfusion and continued for 6 h. Melatonin treatment resulted in a slower recovery of fetal blood pressure following umbilical cord occlusion, but without changes in fetal heart rate, acid base status or mortality. The production of 8-isoprostanes following umbilical cord occlusion was attenuated and there was a reduction in the number of activated microglia cells and TUNEL-positive cells in melatonin treated fetuses, suggesting a protective effect of melatonin. In conclusion, this study shows that melatonin attenuates cell death in the fetal brain in association with a reduced inflammatory response in the blood and the brain following intrauterine asphyxia in mid-gestation fetal sheep.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anne-Karin
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Welin
authors.forename: Pernilla
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Svedin
authors.forename: Risto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lapatto
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sultan
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hagberg
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gressens
authors.forename: Ingemar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kjellmer
authors.forename: Carina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mallard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001237:Asphyxia / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006340:Heart Rate, Fetal / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007969:Leukomalacia, Periventricular / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008550:Melatonin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012756:Sheep / Q000196:embryology; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D015237:Dinoprost; D008550:Melatonin