title: Determinants of diagnostic bronchial washing in peripheral lung cancers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish clinical determinants affecting the diagnostic yield of bronchial washing.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed bronchial washing in 241 consecutive patients with bronchoscopically invisible lung tumours. Of these, 150 patients known to have lung cancer were enrolled for the final analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multi-centre study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bronchial washing provided a diagnosis of lung cancer in 30 of the 150 patients (20%). Tumour size > or = 3 cm (P = 0.005), the location of the tumour within 8 cm of the carina (P = 0.003), and exposed type bronchus sign of tumour (P < 0.001) were factors affecting diagnostic bronchial washing for bronchoscopically invisible lung cancers. However, multivariate logistic regression revealed that exposed type bronchus sign was the sole determinant (OR 19.22, 95% CI 4.23-87.46, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bronchial washing is a useful procedure for the diagnosis of bronchoscopically invisible lung cancers. As the tumour-bronchus relationship is the most important determinant of a diagnostic yield, the routine use of bronchial washing should be considered for tumours with exposed type bronchus sign.
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Lung Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: H I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Yim
mesh_terms: D018893:Bronchoalveolar Lavage; D001995:Bronchography; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed