title: Increased lymphocyte deoxyribonucleic acid damage in patients with cardiac syndrome X.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether there is lymphocyte deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage in patients with cardiac syndrome X (CSX), and its relation with total antioxidant status (TAS), inflammation and ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three patients with CSX, 21 patients with non-CSX (NCSX) and 20 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Lymphocyte DNA damage (Arbitrary Unit) was assessed by alkaline single cell electrophoresis (comet) assay in peripheral lymphocyte, and plasma levels of TAS (mmol Trolox equiv./l) were determined using a novel automated measurement method. High sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and other biochemical parameters were measured from all subjects. Treadmill exercise test and coronary angiography were performed to CSX and NCSX groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lymphocyte DNA damage was increased in patients with CSX compared with NCSX and control group (p<0.001, for both). Also, TAS was decreased, and hsCRP was increased in CSX compared with NCSX and control group (p<0.001, for all). Lymphocyte DNA damage was correlated with magnitude of ST depression (p=0.034), hsCRP (p=0.001), TAS (p<0.001) and presence of diabetes (p=0.022) in bivariate analysis. In multiple linear regression analysis, lymphocyte DNA damage was correlated with only TAS (beta=-0.413, p=0.017) and hsCRP (beta=0.414, p=0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lymphocyte DNA damage was increased in patients with CSX. The increase in lymphocyte DNA damage may be related with increased oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with CSX.
authors.affiliation: Harran University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Sanliurfa, Turkey. drmugur@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gur
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yildiz
authors.forename: Recep
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Demirbag
authors.forename: Remzi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Abdurrahim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koçyigit
authors.forename: Hakim
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.forename: Nurten
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aksoy
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D020552:Comet Assay; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D004249:DNA Damage; D005080:Exercise Test; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D017566:Microvascular Angina / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide