title: Automated classification of articular cartilage surfaces based on surface texture.
abstract: In this study the automated classification system previously developed by the authors was used to classify articular cartilage surfaces with different degrees of wear. This automated system classifies surfaces based on their texture. Plug samples of sheep cartilage (pins) were run on stainless steel discs under various conditions using a pin-on-disc tribometer. Testing conditions were specifically designed to produce different severities of cartilage damage due to wear. Environmental scanning electron microscope (SEM) (ESEM) images of cartilage surfaces, that formed a database for pattern recognition analysis, were acquired. The ESEM images of cartilage were divided into five groups (classes), each class representing different wear conditions or wear severity. Each class was first examined and assessed visually. Next, the automated classification system (pattern recognition) was applied to all classes. The results of the automated surface texture classification were compared to those based on visual assessment of surface morphology. It was shown that the texture-based automated classification system was an efficient and accurate method of distinguishing between various cartilage surfaces generated under different wear conditions. It appears that the texture-based classification method has potential to become a useful tool in medical diagnostics.
authors.affiliation: Tribology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. gstack@mech.uwa.edu.au
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Stachowiak
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Stachowiak
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Podsiadlo
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval / Q000379:methods; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods*; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012756:Sheep; D013499:Surface Properties