Does self-affirmation, cognitive processing, or discovery of meaning explain cancer-related health benefits of expressive writing?
Although expressive writing has positive effects on health, little is known about the underlying psychological mechanisms for these effects. The present study assessed self-affirmation, cognitive processing, and discovery of meaning as potential mediators of the effects of expressive writing on physical health in early-stage breast cancer survivors. A content analysis of the essays showed that self-affirmation writing was associated with fewer physical symptoms at a 3-month follow-up assessment, with self-affirmation writing fully mediating the effects of the emotional expression and benefit-finding writing conditions on reduced physical symptoms. Cognitive processing and discovery of meaning writing were not associated with any physical health outcomes. Consistent with evidence showing that self-affirmation plays an important role in buffering stress, the present study provides the first evidence for self-affirmation as a viable mechanism underlying the health benefits of expressive writing.
Creswell
J David
JD
University of California, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA. creswell@ucla.edu
Lam
Suman
S
Stanton
Annette L
AL
Taylor
Shelley E
SE
Bower
Julienne E
JE
Sherman
David K
DK
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms; D003071:Cognition; D019260:Expressed Emotion; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012649:Self Concept; D012660:Semantics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014705:Verbal Behavior