title: Removal of dinitrotoluenes from water via reduction with iron and peroxidase-catalyzed oxidative polymerization: a comparison between Arthromyces ramosus peroxidase and soybean peroxidase.
abstract: A two-step process for the removal of dinitrotoluene from water is presented: zero-valent iron reduction is coupled with peroxidase-catalyzed polymerization of the resulting diaminotoluenes (DAT). The effect of pH was examined in the reduction step: at pH 6 the reaction occurred much more rapidly than at pH 8. In the second step, optimal pH and substrate ratio, minimal enzyme concentration and effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as an additive for greater than 95% conversion of DAT, over a 3h reaction period were determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Two enzymes were investigated and compared: Arthromyces ramosus peroxidase (ARP) and soybean peroxidase (SBP). The optimal pH values were 5.4 and 5.2 for ARP and SBP, respectively, but SBP was more resistant to mild acid whereas ARP was more stable in neutral solutions. SBP was found to have a greater hydrogen peroxide demand (optimal peroxide/DAT molar ratio for SBP: 2.0 and 3.0 for 2,4-diaminotoluene (2,4-DAT) and 2,6-diaminotoluene (2,6-DAT), respectively; for ARP: 1.5 and 2.75 for 2,4-DAT and 2,6-DAT, respectively) but required significantly less enzyme (0.01 and 0.1 U ml(-1) for 2,4-DAT and 2,6-DAT, respectively) to convert the DAT than ARP (0.4 and 1.5 U ml(-1) for 2,4-DAT and 2,6-DAT, respectively). PEG was shown to have no effect upon the degree of substrate conversion for either enzyme.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ont., Canada N9B 3P4. patapas@uwindsor.ca <patapas@uwindsor.ca>
authors.forename: Joey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Patapas
authors.forename: Mohammad Mousa
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Al-Ansari
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Bewtra
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Biswas
mesh_terms: D004136:Dinitrobenzenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D005658:Fungi / Q000201:enzymology; D006256:Hazardous Waste / Q000032:analysis; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology; D011108:Polymers / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D013025:Glycine max / Q000201:enzymology; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004136:Dinitrobenzenes; D006256:Hazardous Waste; D011108:Polymers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C016403:2,4-dinitrotoluene; D007501:Iron; D009195:Peroxidase; C023514:2,6-dinitrotoluene