title: Association between SNP and haplotypes in PPARGC1 and adiponectin genes and bone mineral density in Chinese nuclear families.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the contribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and haplotypes in the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-gamma co-activator-1 (PPARGC1) and adiponectin genes to normal bone mineral density (BMD) variation in healthy Chinese women and men.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed population-based (ANOVA) and family-based (quantitative trait locus transmission disequilibrium test) association studies of PPARGC1 and adiponectin genes. SNP in the 2 genes were genotyped. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the lumbar spine and hip in 401 nuclear families with a total of 1260 subjects, including 458 premenopausal women, 20-40 years of age; 401 postmenopausal women (mothers), 43-74 years of age; and 401 men (fathers), 49-76 years of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant within-family association was found between the Thr394Thr polymorphism in the PPGAGC1 gene and peak BMD in the femoral neck (P=0.026). Subsequent permutations were in agreement with this significant within-family association result (P=0.016), but Thr394Thr SNP only accounted for 0.7% of the variation in femoral neck peak BMD. However, no significant within-family association was detected between each SNP in the adiponectin gene and peak BMD. Although no significant association was found between BMD and SNP in the PPARGC1 and adiponectin genes in both men and postmenopausal women, haplotype 2 (T-T) in the adiponectin gene was associated with lumbar spine BMD in postmenopausal women (P=0.019).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that Thr394Thr SNP in the PPARGC1 gene was associated with peak BMD in the femoral neck in Chinese women. Confirmation of our results is needed in other populations and with more functional markers within and flanking the PPARGC1 or adiponectin genes region.
authors.affiliation: Department of Osteoporosis, Osteoporosis Research Unit, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China. ZZL2002@medmail.com.cn
authors.forename: Zhen-lin
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jin-wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Yue-juan
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Yun-qiu
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yu-juan
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wei-wei
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015519:Bone Density; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009679:Nuclear Family; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D014157:Transcription Factors; C111264:peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1