title: A multisolute osmotic virial equation for solutions of interest in biology.
abstract: The osmotic virial equation was used to predict osmolalities of solutions of interest in biology. The second osmotic virial coefficients, Bi, account for the interactions between identical solute molecules. For multisolute solutions, the second osmotic virial cross coefficient, Bij, describes the interaction between two different solutes. We propose to use as a mixing rule for the cross coefficient the arithmetic average of the second osmotic virial coefficients of the pure species, so that only binary solution measurements are required for multisolute solution predictions. Single-solute data were fit to obtain the osmotic virial coefficients of the pure species. Using those coefficients with the proposed mixing rule, predictions were made of ternary solution osmolality, without any fitting parameters. This method is shown to make reasonably accurate predictions for three very different ternary aqueous solutions: (i) glycerol + dimethyl sulfoxide + water, (ii) hemoglobin + an ideal, dilute solute + water, and (iii) bovine serum albumin + ovalbumin + water.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2G6. janet.elliott@ualberta.ca
authors.forename: J A W
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Prickett
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Elmoazzen
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: McGann
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001695:Biology; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000737:chemistry; D005990:Glycerol / Q000737:chemistry; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000737:chemistry; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000737:chemistry; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D012996:Solutions / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D012996:Solutions; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D010047:Ovalbumin; D005990:Glycerol; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide