title: A novel extraction method of fetal electrocardiogram from the composite abdominal signal.
abstract: In contrast to the ultrasonic measurement of fetal heart motion, the fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) provides clinically significant information concerning the electrophysiological state of a fetus. In this paper, a novel method for extracting the fetal ECG from abdominal composite signals is proposed. This method consists of the cancellation of the mother's ECG and blind source separation with the reference signal (BSSR). The cancellation of the mother's ECG component was performed by subtracting the linear combination of mutually orthogonal projections of the heart vector. The BSSR is a fixed-point algorithm, the Lagrange function of which includes the higher order cross-correlation between the extracted signal and the reference signal as the cost term rather than a constraint. This realizes the convexity of the Lagrange function in a simple form, which guarantees the convergence of the algorithm. By practical application, the proposed method has been shown to be able to extract the P and T waves in addition to the R wave. The reliability and accuracy of the proposed method was confirmed by comparing the extracted signals with the directly recorded ECG at the second stage of labor. The gestational age-dependency of the physiological parameters of the extracted fetal ECG also coincided well with that of the magnetocardiogram, which proves the clinical applicability of the proposed method.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
authors.forename: Michiyoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chida
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.forename: Kunihiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.forename: Mitsuyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakao
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000502:physiology; D000465:Algorithms; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005323:Fetal Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D011247:Pregnancy; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity