title: Ion channels in the RPE.
abstract: In close interaction with photoreceptors, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) plays an essential role for visual function. The analysis of RPE functions, specifically ion channel functions, provides a basis to understand many degenerative diseases of the retina. The invention of the patch-clamp technique significantly improved the knowledge of ion channel structure and function, which enabled a new understanding of cell physiology and patho-physiology of many diseases. In this review, ion channels identified in the RPE will be described in terms of their specific functional role in RPE physiology. The RPE expresses voltage- and ligand-gated K(+), Cl(-), and Ca(2+)-conducting channels. K(+) and Cl(-) channels are involved in transepithelial ion transport and volume regulation. Voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels act as regulators of secretory activity, and ligand-gated cation channels contribute to RPE function by providing driving forces for ion transport or by influencing intracellular Ca(2+) homoeostasis. Collectively, activity of these ion channels determines the physiology of the RPE and its interaction with photoreceptors. Furthermore, changes in ion channel function, such as mutations in ion channel genes or a changed regulation of ion channel activity, have been shown to lead to degenerative diseases of the retina. Increasing knowledge about the properties of RPE ion channels has not only provided a new understanding of RPE function but has also provided greater understanding of RPE function in health and disease.
authors.affiliation: Experimentelle Ophthalmologie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Sönke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wimmers
authors.forename: Mike O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Karl
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Strauss
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D017136:Ion Transport / Q000502:physiology; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010857:Pigment Epithelium of Eye / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007473:Ion Channels