title: Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with 177Lu-octreotate in patients with foregut carcinoid tumours of bronchial, gastric and thymic origin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Foregut carcinoid tumours have a different embryological origin than other gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP NETs). In the total group of GEP NETs (n = 131), treatment with (177)Lu-octreotate resulted in tumour remission in 47% of patients, with a median time to progression (TTP) of >36 months. As patients with foregut carcinoids may respond differently, we here present the effects of this treatment in a subgroup of patients with foregut carcinoids of bronchial, gastric or thymic origin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine patients with bronchial, five with gastric and two with thymic carcinoids were treated. All patients had metastasised disease. The intended cumulative dose of (177)Lu-octreotate was 22.2-29.6 GBq. Southwest Oncology Group criteria were used for response evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bronchial carcinoids: Five patients had partial remission, one had minor response (MR, tumour size reduction: > or =25%, <50%), two had stable disease (SD) and one had progressive disease (PD). Median TTP was 31 months. Gastric carcinoids: One patient had complete remission, one had MR and two had SD, including one with PD at baseline. One patient developed PD. Thymic carcinoids: One patient had SD. In the other patient, disease remained progressive. All patients: Overall remission rate was 50%, including MR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (177)Lu-octreotate treatment can be effective in patients with bronchial and gastric carcinoids. Its role in thymic carcinoids cannot be determined yet because of the limited number of patients. The overall remission rate of 50% in patients with the studied foregut carcinoids is comparable to that in the total group of GEP NETs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands. m.vanessen@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: Martijn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Essen
authors.forename: Eric P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Krenning
authors.forename: Willem H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.forename: Wouter W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: de Herder
authors.forename: Maarten O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: van Aken
authors.forename: Dik J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kwekkeboom
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001984:Bronchial Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008187:Lutetium / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008495:Medical Oncology / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D015282:Octreotide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry*; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012074:Remission Induction; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D013953:Thymus Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C554548:177Lu-octreotate; D010455:Peptides; D011868:Radioisotopes; D008187:Lutetium; D015282:Octreotide