title: Trends in diet quality for coronary heart disease prevention between 1980-1982 and 2000-2002: The Minnesota Heart Survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Describe secular trends in overall diet quality for coronary heart disease (CHD) prevention during the past two decades (1980-1982 through 2000-2002).
  
  
  METHODS
  Dietary data were drawn from the Minnesota Heart Survey, a repeated population-based survey designed to examine trends in mortality, morbidity, and risk factors for CHD within geographically defined independent probability samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adults residing in the Minneapolis/St Paul, MN, metropolitan area.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dietary intake was assessed by an interviewer administered 24-hour dietary recall from a subsample of survey participants. A Heart Disease Prevention Eating Index was developed to measure overall diet quality by compliance with the current American Heart Association Dietary Guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  A generalized linear mixed model was used to examine trends in Heart Disease Prevention Eating Index scores and trends in each element of the index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age-adjusted mean Heart Disease Prevention Eating Index scores increased in both sexes during the past 2 decades, particularly driven by improvements in total grain, whole grain, total fat, saturated fatty acids, trans-fatty acids, and cholesterol intake. Energy balance, sodium intake, and fish intake were observed to change unfavorably or stay at a low compliance level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Of concern is that improvements in mean Heart Disease Prevention Eating Index appear to have plateaued in 1995-1997, with the mean Heart Disease Prevention Eating Index scores similar between the 1995-1997 and 2000-2002 survey periods. Public health programs for CHD prevention may benefit by applying findings from this study in designing interventions to promote further improvements in the diets of American adults.
authors.affiliation: Human Genomic Research Center, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seungmin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Harnack
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: Lyn M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Steffen
authors.forename: Russell V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Luepker
authors.forename: Donna K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Arnett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004032:Diet / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D004034:Diet Surveys; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011322:Primary Prevention; D012307:Risk Factors; D017747:Seafood
chemical_list: D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber