title: Need for criteria for the diagnosis and severity assessment of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis: Tokyo Guidelines.
abstract: The Tokyo Guidelines formulate clinical guidance for healthcare providers regarding the diagnosis, severity assessment, and treatment of acute cholangitis and acute cholecystitis. The Guidelines were developed through a comprehensive literature search and selection of evidence. Recommendations were based on the strength and quality of evidence. Expert consensus opinion was used to enhance or formulate important areas where data were insufficient. A working group, composed of gastroenterologists and surgeons with expertise in biliary tract surgery, supplemented with physicians in critical care medicine, epidemiology, and laboratory medicine, was selected to formulate draft guidelines. Several other groups (including members of the Japanese Society for Abdominal Emergency Medicine, the Japan Biliary Association, and the Japanese Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery) have reviewed and revised the draft guidelines. To build a global consensus on the management of acute biliary infection, an international expert panel, representing experts in this area, was established. Between April 1 and 2, 2006, an International Consensus Meeting on acute biliary infections was held in Tokyo. A consensus was determined based on best available scientific evidence and discussion by the panel of experts. This report describes the highlights of the Tokyo International Consensus Meeting in 2006. Some important areas focused on at the meeting include proposals for internationally accepted diagnostic criteria and severity assessment for both clinical and research purposes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Healthcare Economics and Quality Management, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sekimoto
authors.forename: Tadahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawarada
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nimura
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mayumi
authors.forename: Fumihiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Keita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirota
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Strasberg
authors.forename: Henry A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Pitt
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Belghiti
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Santibanes
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Gadacz
authors.forename: Serafin C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hilvano
authors.forename: Sun-Whe
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kui-Hin
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Liau
authors.forename: Sheung-Tat
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Belli
authors.forename: Vibul
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sachakul
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D002761:Cholangitis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D041881:Cholecystitis, Acute / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014041:Tokyo