title: Histomorphometrical study in cavernous lymphangioma of the tongue.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the histomorphometrical characteristics of lymphatic vessels in cavernous lymphangiomas of the tongue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical stainings were prepared in the 20 specimens with three antibodies [D2-40, CD31 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)]. Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and histometrical analysis of the lymphatic vessels was also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Distinctly positive staining for D2-40 was found in dilated lymphatic vessels located in the lamina propria beneath the thinned covering epithelium. Small blood vessels stained positively for CD31 were present in the lamina propria. PCNA-positive lymphatic endothelial cells were scattered in both control and lymphangioma. The 3D architecture of lymphatic vessels was characterized by a complex network with irregular branches in the lamina propria. Histometrical analysis showed that the number of lymphatic endothelial cells per lymphatic vessel perimeter in cavernous lymphangioma was significantly higher than that in control. There were no significant differences in the lymphatic density and the ratio of PCNA-positive lymphatic endothelial cell nuclei to the total number of lymphatic endothelial cell nuclei between control and lymphangioma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate the absence of excessive endothelial cell proliferation in dilated lymphatic vessels in cavernous lymphangioma. Cavernous lymphangioma may be attributed to the enlargement of lymphatic vessels without the tumorous proliferation of lymphatic endothelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yaita
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Onodera
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ooya
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000032:analysis; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000473:pathology; D004729:Endothelium, Lymphatic / Q000473:pathology; D004848:Epithelium / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008202:Lymphangioma / Q000473:pathology*; D042601:Lymphatic Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000473:pathology; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; C500987:monoclonal antibody D2-40