title: Efficacies of artesunate plus either sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine or amodiaquine, for the treatment of uncomplicated, Plasmodium falciparum malaria in eastern Sudan.
abstract: Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is increasingly being adopted as the first-line treatment for malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. In September-November 2005, in New Halfa, eastern Sudan, the efficacy of artesunate-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (AS-SP) for the treatment of uncomplicated, Plasmodium falciparum was compared with that of artesunate-amodiaquine (AS-AQ). The artesunate was given at 4 mg/kg. day on days 0-2, with either a single dose of SP (25 mg sulfadoxine/kg) given on day 0, or AQ, at 10 mg/kg. day, given on days 0-2. Eighty-two of the patients treated (40 given AS-SP and 42 given AS-AQ) completed the 28 days of follow-up. On day 3 all the patients were afebrile and only one patient, in the AS-AQ group, was still parasitaemic. AS-SP appeared slightly more efficacious than AS-AQ but the differences were not statistically significant. Only one patient (2.5%) given AS-SP but four (9.5%) of those given AS-AQ were initially considered to be late treatment and parasitological failures, with all other patients showing an adequate treatment response. The PCR-corrected frequencies of cure were 97.5% for AS-SP and 95.2% for AS-AQ (P>0.05). No gametocytaemias were observed during the follow-up and, although mild adverse effects (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dizziness and/or rash) were detected in 14 patients, they occurred at the same frequency in each treatment arm. It therefore appears that the AS-SP and AS-AQ combinations were both effective and safe for the treatment of uncomplicated, P. falciparum malaria in eastern Sudan.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ibrahium
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Kheir
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.forename: I F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alifrangis
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Elmardi
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Adam
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000655:Amodiaquine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D037621:Artemisinins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077332:Artesunate; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D018512:Parasitemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D011739:Pyrimethamine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013397:Sudan / Q000453:epidemiology; D013413:Sulfadoxine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D037621:Artemisinins; D004338:Drug Combinations; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C515299:amodiaquine, artesunate drug combination; D000655:Amodiaquine; C001205:fanasil, pyrimethamine drug combination; D000077332:Artesunate; D013413:Sulfadoxine; D011739:Pyrimethamine