title: A clinical investigation of the efficacy of three different treatment regimens for the control of plaque and gingivitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this examiner-blind clinical study was to investigate the efficacy of three oral hygiene regimens for the control of gingivitis and supragingival plaque.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following a baseline examination for gingivitis and supragingival plaque, qualifying adult male and female subjects from the San Francisco, California area were stratified into three treatment groups, which were balanced for plaque. The groups were then randomly assigned to one of three oral hygiene regimens: 1) twice-daily tooth brushing with Colgate Total Toothpaste, accompanied by once-daily flossing after brushing; 2) twice-daily tooth brushing with Colgate Total Toothpaste without flossing; and 3) twice-daily tooth brushing with a sodium fluoride toothpaste, accompanied by once-daily flossing after brushing. All subjects were given a complete oral prophylaxis, and dispensed their assigned treatment product(s), along with a soft-bristled adult toothbrush for home use. All dentifrice products were supplied in the original packaging to which overwrapping had been applied. Subjects were instructed to brush their teeth for one minute twice daily (morning and evening) using only the dentifrice provided, and to refrain from using anything other than their assigned oral hygiene products for the duration of the study. In addition, subjects were instructed to refrain from any routine dental treatment (except emergency) during the course of the study. There were no restrictions regarding diet or smoking habits over the course of the study. Examinations for gingivitis and supragingival plaque, and oral soft tissue assessments were repeated after three months, and again after six months of product use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One-hundred fourteen (114) subjects complied with the protocol and completed the six-month examinations. Statistical analyses showed similar results for both whole-mouth and interproximal scoring sites after six months of product use. Although not statistically significant, subjects using Colgate Total Toothpaste accompanied by the use of dental floss had numerically lower six-month scores for gingivitis and supragingival plaque formation when compared to the scores of subjects using Colgate Total Toothpaste without the use of dental floss. Relative to the sodium fluoride toothpaste accompanied by the use of dental floss, subjects using Colgate Total Toothpaste, both with and without the use of dental floss, exhibited statistically significant reductions in gingivitis and supragingival plaque formation after six months of product use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this clinical study support the conclusion that the use of Colgate Total Toothpaste, both with and without the use of dental floss, provided statistically significant improvements over the sodium fluoride toothpaste plus flossing regimen with respect to the control of gingivitis and supragingival plaque formation. Although not statistically significant, numerically lower six-month scores for gingivitis and supragingival plaque were associated with Colgate Total Toothpaste accompanied by the use of dental floss, when compared with Colgate Total Toothpaste without the use of dental floss.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schiff
authors.forename: Howard M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Proskin
authors.forename: Yun Po
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petrone
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: DeVizio
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045424:Complex Mixtures / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003742:Dental Devices, Home Care; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012824:Silicic Acid; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014099:Toothbrushing; D014100:Toothpastes; D014260:Triclosan / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D045424:Complex Mixtures; D003802:Dentifrices; D014100:Toothpastes; C546060:hydrated silica gel-based toothpaste; D012824:Silicic Acid; D014260:Triclosan; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D005459:Fluorides