title: Identifying pharmacodynamic protein markers of centrally active drugs in humans: a pilot study in a novel clinical model.
abstract: Recognizing specific protein changes in response to drug administration in humans has the potential for significant utility in clinical research. In spite of this, many methodological and practical questions related to assessing such changes are unanswered. We conducted a series of clinical studies to assess the feasibility of measuring changes in proteins related to drug administration using a mass-spectrometry proteomics technique capable of quantifying hundreds of proteins simultaneously in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma. Initially, the normal variability of proteins in these compartments was characterized in 16 healthy volunteers over a 2-week period. Drug-associated changes were subsequently assessed in the plasma and CSF proteomes of 11 subjects given atomoxetine, which served as a selective, centrally active probe to test the model. Protein levels in the CSF and plasma were unchanged between visits in the normal variability study. In contrast, statistically significant changes were detected in the CSF protein pattern after drug treatment. These studies suggest that identification of changes in the CSF proteome associated with the administration of centrally active drugs is feasible, and may be of value in the development of new drugs, as well as broader clinical research.
authors.affiliation: Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA. sandeep.p@lilly.com
authors.forename: Sandeep T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Higgs
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Knierman
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gelfanova
authors.forename: Jon P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Anncatherine M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Downing
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dorocke
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dean
authors.forename: William Z
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Potter
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Michelson
authors.forename: Alan X
authors.initials: AX
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Stanford S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Jhee
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hale
mesh_terms: D000069445:Atomoxetine Hydrochloride; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002556:Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010599:Pharmacokinetics; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011437:Propylamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D013057:Spectrum Analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001798:Blood Proteins; D002556:Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D011437:Propylamines; D000069445:Atomoxetine Hydrochloride