title: Non-invasive quantification of hepatic fat fraction by fast 1.0, 1.5 and 3.0 T MR imaging.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Even mild hepatic steatosis in a split liver donor may cause general liver failure and death in the donor. So far, CT density measurements or percutaneous biopsy is used to determine the presence of hepatic steatosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be an elegant method of non-invasive and non-radiation quantification of hepatic fat content.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fast gradient echo (GRE) technique was used to discriminate between fat and water spins. Echo time (TE) was adjusted for field strength dependent in-phase and out-of-phase states at 1.0, 1.5 and 3.0 T. Continuous MR signal transition from 100% water to 100% fat was investigated using a wedge water-oil phantom, which was positioned in such a way, that no spatial resolution occurred, thereby combining water and fat in one slice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using the phantom, a significant difference for a 5% difference in fat content was demonstrated in the range from 20 to 80% fat content (p<0.05) for all tested field strengths. In 25 patients MRI data were correlated with the percentage of fat determined by histologic evaluation of a CT-guided liver biopsy. Using the linear correlation calculated from the MRI phantom data at 1.0 T, we determined the liver fat from each patient's MRI measurements. Comparison of these data with the histologic quantified fat fraction of liver tissue showed a strong correlation (r(2)=0.93 for TE 6 ms and r(2)=0.91 for TE 10 ms).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The described method can be used to determine the presence of hepatic steatosis of >10% with p<0.05.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Diagnostische Radiologie and Neuroradiologie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität, Greifswald, Germany. sebastian.schuchmann@charite.de
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schuchmann
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weigel
authors.forename: Lothar
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Albrecht
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kirsch
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lemke
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lorenz
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Warzok
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hosten
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008280:Magnetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods