title: Identification of a metastasis signature and the DLX4 homeobox protein as a regulator of metastasis by combined transcriptome approach.
abstract: Although widespread metastasis is the major cause of human lung cancer-related deaths, its underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Our genome-wide comparison of the expression profiles of a highly metastatic lung cancer cell line, NCI-H460-LNM35 (LNM35), and its parental clone, NCI-H460-N15 (N15), resulted in the identification of a cancer metastasis signature composed of 45 genes. Through gene ontology analysis, our study also provided insights into how this 45-gene metastasis signature may contribute to the acquisition of metastatic potential. By applying the signature to datasets of human cancer cases, we could demonstrate significant associations with a subset of cases with poor prognosis not only for the two datasets of cancers of the lung but also for cancers of the breast. Furthermore, we were able to show that enforced expression of the DLX4 homeobox gene, which was identified as a gene with significant downregulation in LNM35 as well as with significant association with favorable prognosis for lung cancer patients, markedly inhibited in vitro motility and invasion as well as in vivo metastasis via both hematogenous and lymphogenous routes. Taken together, these findings indicate that our combined transcriptome analysis is an efficient approach in the search for genes possessing both clinical usefulness in terms of prognostic prediction in human cancer cases and clear functional relevance for studying cancer biology in relation to metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tomida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yanagisawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koshikawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yatabe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mitsudomi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Osada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000235:genetics*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: C105304:DLX4 protein, human; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors