title: Adrenomedullin and adrenomedullin-binding protein-1 downregulate inflammatory cytokines and attenuate tissue injury after gut ischemia-reperfusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have shown that adrenomedullin (AM) and AM-binding protein-1 (AMBP-1) possess anti-inflammatory properties in sepsis. We hypothesized that administration of AM/AMBP-1 after gut ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) downregulates inflammatory cytokines and attenuates tissue injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats (275-325 g) were used. Gut ischemia was induced by placing a microvascular clip across the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) for 90 minutes. Upon release of the SMA clamp, the animals were treated by AM (12 microg per kilogram of body weight) and AMBP-1 (40 microg per kilogram of body weight) in combination, or vehicle (1 mL 0.9% NaCl) over 30 minutes via a femoral vein catheter. The animals undergoing sham operation or ischemia for 90 minutes only, did not receive AM/AMBP-1 treatment. At 60 minutes after the completion of the treatment (ie, 90 minutes after reperfusion), blood samples were collected. Plasma AM and AMBP-1 were measured by radioimmunoassay and Western blot analysis, respectively. Serum levels of TNF-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-10, transaminases (ie, alanine aminotransaminase, aspartate aminotransaminase), lactate, and creatinine were determined with the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and other standard methods. In additional groups of animals, the 10-day survival rate was recorded after gut I/R.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ischemia alone was sufficient to downregulate both AM and AMBP-1. Unlike AMBP-1 that remained decreased, AM levels increased significantly after reperfusion. I/R but not ischemia alone significantly increased serum levels of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, I/R-induced tissue injury was evidenced by increased levels of transaminases, lactate, and creatinine. Administration of AM/AMBP-1 after ischemia, however, markedly reduced cytokine levels, attenuated tissue injury, and improved survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AM/AMBP-1 may be a novel treatment to attenuate the reperfusion injury after gut ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Gonzalo J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Carrizo
authors.forename: Rongqian
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Xiaoxuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Amit J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Dwivedi
authors.forename: H Hank
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Simms
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D053607:Adrenomedullin / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D017242:Complement Factor H / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D015996:Survival Rate; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; C481978:adrenomedullin-binding protein 1, rat; D053607:Adrenomedullin; D017242:Complement Factor H