title: Association of the built environment with physical activity and obesity in older persons.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined whether older persons who live in areas that are conducive to walking are more active or less obese than those living in areas where walking is more difficult.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data from the Adult Changes in Thought cohort study for a cross-sectional analysis of 936 participants aged 65 to 97 years. The Walkable and Bikable Communities Project previously formulated a walkability score to predict the probability of walking in King County, Washington. Data from the cohort study were linked to the walkability score at the participant level using a geographic information system. Analyses tested for associations between walkability score and activity and body mass index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher walkability scores were associated with significantly more walking for exercise across buffers (circular zones around each respondent's home) of varying radii (for men, odds ratio [OR]=5.86; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.01, 34.17 to OR=9.14; CI=1.23, 68.11; for women, OR=1.63; CI=0.94, 2.83 to OR=1.77; CI=1.03, 3.04). A trend toward lower body mass index in men living in more walkable neighborhoods did not reach statistical significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings suggest that neighborhood characteristics are associated with the frequency of walking for physical activity in older people. Whether frequency of walking reduces obesity prevalence is less clear.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA. ethan.m.berke@dartmouth.edu
authors.forename: Ethan M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Berke
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Koepsell
authors.forename: Anne Vernez
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Moudon
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hoskins
authors.forename: Eric B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Larson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004779:Environment Design / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D015438:Health Behavior; D006279:Health Maintenance Organizations; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000145:classification*; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014861:Washington / Q000453:epidemiology