title: The internal mammary artery perforator flap: an anatomical study and a case report.
abstract: The anatomic basis for the internal artery mammary perforator (IMAP) flap is described in this cadaveric study, together with a clinical case report. The IMAP flap is based on a single or double perforator of the internal mammary artery that is included in the pedicle for added length. It provides a very useful source of local tissue with skin of good texture and color for head and neck reconstruction and, being muscle free, is thin. With preservation of the anterior cutaneous branch of the intercostal nerve, the flap has the potential to be sensate. A large area can be covered, particularly if bilateral flaps are raised. The donor site can be closed directly. In selected patients, it offers an excellent option for use in head and neck reconstruction and should be considered as an alternative to the deltopectoral and pectoralis major flaps.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Martin J J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Vesely
authors.forename: Dylan J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Christine B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Novak
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Gullane
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Neligan
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008323:Mammary Arteries / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D009333:Neck / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000601:surgery; D037981:Neck Dissection; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000601:surgery*; D011855:Radiodermatitis / Q000601:surgery*; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology