title: Sphingomonas molluscorum sp. nov., a novel marine isolate with antimicrobial activity.
abstract: An aerobic, Gram-negative, yellow-pigmented, non-motile bacterium, designated strain KMM 3882T, was isolated from a marine bivalve (Anadara broughtoni) collected from Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan, and was subjected to phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses. Strain KMM 3882T was found to exert a remarkable inhibitory activity against a number of Gram-positive micro-organisms. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain KMM 3882T within the genus Sphingomonas, as an independent lineage adjacent to Sphingomonas dokdonensis DS-4T and Sphingomonas panni DSM 15761T. Strain KMM 3882T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Sphingomonas dokdonensis DS-4T (97.3 %); similarities of 96.5-96.7 % were obtained with Sphingomonas pituitosa DSM 13101T, Sphingomonas azotifigens NBRC 15497T, Sphingomonas asaccharolytica NBRC 15499T, Sphingomonas trueperi DSM 7225T and Sphingomonas panni DSM 15761T. Chemotaxonomically, strain KMM 3882T contained sphingoglycolipid, C(16 : 0) and C(18 : 1) as predominant fatty acids and 2-OH C(14 : 0) as a major 2-hydroxy fatty acid, confirming the affiliation of strain KMM 3882T with the genus Sphingomonas. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical characterization, strain KMM 3882T should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Sphingomonas, for which the name Sphingomonas molluscorum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KMM 3882T (=An 18T=NRIC 0685T=JCM 14122T=CIP 109223T).
authors.affiliation: Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 Let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
authors.forename: Lyudmila A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Romanenko
authors.affiliation: Tokyo University of Agriculture, Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Sakuragaoka 1-1-1, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uchino
authors.affiliation: Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 Let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
authors.forename: Galina M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Frolova
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Life Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 Let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
authors.forename: Natalia I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Kalinovskaya
authors.affiliation: Institute of Marine Biology, Far-Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia.
authors.forename: Nicolai
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Latyshev
authors.affiliation: Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 Let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
authors.forename: Valery V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Mikhailov
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis; D000818:Animals; D000898:Antibiosis; D049893:Arcidae / Q000382:microbiology*; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D020459:Genes, rRNA; D006028:Glycosphingolipids / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D007564:Japan; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009068:Movement; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010802:Phylogeny; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D020578:Sphingomonas / Q000145:classification* / Q000166:cytology / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D005227:Fatty Acids; D006028:Glycosphingolipids; D010860:Pigments, Biological; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S