Atmospheric levels of aldehydes and BTEX and their relationship with vehicular fleet changes in Rio de Janeiro urban area.
A comprehensive monitoring campaign to assess aldehydes and BTEX concentrations was performed during 12 months, in the Tijuca district (Rio de Janeiro), an area with commercial activities and a high flux of vehicles. The mean concentrations of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were 151 and 30 ppb, respectively. The high formaldehyde/acetaldehyde ratio was attributed to extensive use of compressed natural gas (CNG). The number of CNG vehicles in the metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro increased from 23000 in January 2001 to 161000 in January 2005. Monitoring data show that, for the same period, methane and formaldehyde concentrations increased while NO(x) and CO levels diminished. Mean concentrations for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m,p-xylene and o-xylene, were 1.1, 4.8, 3.6, 10.4 and 3.0 micro gm(-3), respectively. Benzene and toluene concentrations were lower than the values determined in 1996, for the same location. The levels of ethylbenzene and xylenes determined in this work are similar to values obtained in 1996. This fact may be explained as a consequence of changes in the gasoline composition.
Martins
Eduardo Monteiro
EM
Departamento de Físico Química, Instituto de Química da UFRJ. CT, Bloco A, Sala 408, Cidade Universitária - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21949-900, Brazil.
Arbilla
Graciela
G
Bauerfeldt
Glauco Favilla
GF
de Paula
Murilo
M
D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000447:Aldehydes / Q000032:analysis*; D001554:Benzene / Q000032:analysis; D001555:Benzene Derivatives / Q000032:analysis*; D001938:Brazil; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D018986:Motor Vehicles / Q000592:standards*; D012621:Seasons; D014050:Toluene / Q000032:analysis; D014507:Urbanization; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis*; D014992:Xylenes / Q000032:analysis
D000393:Air Pollutants; D000447:Aldehydes; D001555:Benzene Derivatives; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D014992:Xylenes; D014050:Toluene; D001554:Benzene