title: Stroke severity, early recovery and outcome are each related with clinical classification of stroke: data from the 'Tinzaparin in Acute Ischaemic Stroke Trial' (TAIST).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Baseline severity and clinical stroke syndrome (Oxford Community Stroke Project, OCSP) classification are predictors of outcome in stroke. We used data from the 'Tinzaparin in Acute Ischaemic Stroke Trial' (TAIST) to assess the relationship between stroke severity, early recovery, outcome and OCSP syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  TAIST was a randomised controlled trial assessing the safety and efficacy of tinzaparin versus aspirin in 1484 patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Severity was measured as the Scandinavian Neurological Stroke Scale (SNSS) at baseline and days 4, 7 and 10, and baseline OCSP clinical classification recorded: total anterior circulation infarct (TACI), partial anterior circulation infarct (PACI), lacunar infarct (LACI) and posterior circulation infarction (POCI). Recovery was calculated as change in SNSS from baseline at day 4 and 10. The relationship between stroke syndrome and SNSS at days 4 and 10, and outcome (modified Rankin Scale at 90 days) were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stroke severity was significantly different between TACI (most severe) and LACI (mildest) at all four time points (p<0.001), with no difference between PACI and POCI. The largest change in SNSS score occurred between baseline and day 4; improvement was least in TACI (median 2 units), compared to other groups (median 3 units) (p<0.001). If SNSS did not improve by day 4, then early recovery and late functional outcome tended to be limited irrespective of clinical syndrome (SNSS, baseline: 31, day 10: 32; mRS, day 90: 4); patients who recovered early tended to continue to improve and had better functional outcome irrespective of syndrome (SNSS, baseline: 35, day 10: 50; mRS, day 90: 2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although functional outcome is related to baseline clinical syndrome (best with LACI, worst with TACI), patients who improve early have a more favourable functional outcome, irrespective of their OCSP syndrome. Hence, patients with a TACI syndrome may still achieve a reasonable outcome if early recovery occurs.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Nikola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sprigg
authors.forename: Laura J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Philip M W
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Bath
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lindenstrøm
authors.forename: Gudrun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Boysen
authors.forename: Peter Paul
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: De Deyn
authors.forename: Pal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Friis
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leys
authors.forename: Reijo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marttila
authors.forename: Jan-Edwin
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.forename: Desmond
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.forename: Erich Bernd
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Ringelstein
authors.forename: Jan-Jacob
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: van der Sande
authors.forename: Alexander G G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Turpie
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000145:classification* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000187:drug effects; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D020521:Stroke / Q000145:classification* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000078222:Tinzaparin; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; D000078222:Tinzaparin