title: Primary hepatocellular cancer in the explanted liver: outcome of transplantation and risk factors for HCC recurrence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the risk of recurrence of hepatocellular cancer (HCC) after liver transplantation (LT).
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical records of 104 patients with HCC in the explanted liver were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HCC recurrence occurred in 12 patients. Recurrence was observed in all patients with a single nodule greater than 5 cm. Among the 5 patients with more than 3 tumours with a maximum diameter of 4.5 cm, no recurrence occurred. The survival rates were 81% and 64% at 1 and 5 years, respectively; the recurrence-free survival at 1 and 5 years was, respectively, 93% and 82%. Pre-LT alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) increased at a greater magnitude in patients who experienced recurrence, compared to those who did not. Tumour diameter, differentiation, satellitosis, AFP and the magnitude of AFP increase were predictive of recurrence. The 1- and 5-year recurrence-free survival for the 68 patients who had a single nodule up to 5 cm, or up to 3 nodules all less than 4.5 cm and with a maximum cumulative diameter of 8 cm, or more than 3 nodules all less than 2.5 cm, were 95% and 92%, respectively. For the 13 patients not meeting these criteria, the 1- and 5-year recurrence-free survival was, respectively, 75% and 54% (log Rank test p=0.019).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with more than 3 small HCC nodules before LT could still have a good outcome without recurrence. A rapid increase in AFP could be useful in identifying patients with a greater risk of post-LT HCC recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Liver and Hepatobiliary Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Kondili
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lala
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gunson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hubscher
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Olliff
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Elias
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bramhall
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mutimer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins