title: Aortic arch replacement with a trifurcated graft.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to review the results of aortic arch replacement using a trifurcated arch graft in conjunction with hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) and selective antegrade cerebral perfusion (SCP).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred fifty consecutive patients (91 male; mean age, 63 +/- 14 years; range, 20 to 87) had aortic arch replacement using a trifurcated arch graft and HCA/SCP from September 1999 to December 2005. The axillary artery was used for cannulation; a trifurcated graft was sewn to the arch vessels during a short interval of HCA; SCP was utilized through the trifurcation graft during the proximal and distal arch repair, and then the trifurcation graft was sewn to the arch graft. Fifty-five patients had chronic dissection; 48 had atherosclerotic and 29 had degenerative aneurysms; 74 had undergone previous cardiac surgery. Isolated arch reconstruction was undertaken in 38 patients: concomitant procedures included ascending aortic replacement in 74; ascending aorta and root replacement in 21; descending replacement in 4, and coronary artery bypass grafting in 36. An elephant trunk was used in 144, but distal to the left subclavian artery in only 87; in 34, it was distal to the left carotid, in 9, it was between the brachiocephalic and left carotid, and in 18, it was proximal to all arch branches. Mean HCA duration was 31.1 +/- 6.5 minutes; SCP lasted 66.6 +/- 21.0 minutes, at a mean temperature of 15.8 +/- 2.1 degrees C.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adverse outcome occurred in 13 of 150 patients (8.7%): there were 7 hospital deaths and 6 permanent strokes. Temporary neurologic dysfunction was seen in only 7 patients, and renal failure was transient in 9 patients requiring dialysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of a trifurcated arch graft with HCA and SCP is a safe and versatile technique for repair of arch aneurysms.
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York College of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla 10595, USA. spielvogeld@wcmc.com
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spielvogel
authors.forename: Christian D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Etz
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Silovitz
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Lansman
authors.forename: Randall B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Griepp
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000601:surgery*; D001014:Aortic Aneurysm / Q000601:surgery*; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology; D016019:Survival Analysis