Effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I on muscle in mouse models of human growth disorders.
The precise effects of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) on muscle development and physiology are relatively unknown. Furthermore, there have been conflicting reports on the effects of GH/IGF-I on muscle. Distinguishing the direct effects of GH versus those of IGF-I is problematic, but animal models with altered GH/IGF-I action could help to alleviate some of the conflicting results and help to determine the independent actions of GH and IGF-I. The phenotypes of several mouse models, namely the GH receptor-gene-disrupted (GHR -/-) mouse and a variety of IGF-I -/- mice, are summarized, which ultimately will aid our understanding of this complex area.
Clark
Ryan P
RP
Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA.
Schuenke
Mark
M
Keeton
Stephanie M
SM
Staron
Robert S
RS
Kopchick
John J
JJ
D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000473:pathology*; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects*
D002352:Carrier Proteins; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013006:Growth Hormone; C051815:somatotropin-binding protein