title: Large uterine leiomyomata and risk of cesarean delivery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the causes of the observed association between presence of leiomyomata in pregnancy and increase in risk of cesarean delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We accessed the obstetric database of women who underwent second-trimester ultrasound screening between January 1996 and December 2004 and who delivered at more than 22 weeks of gestation. Ultrasonographic characteristics of the leiomyomata, including number, maximum diameter, change in size during pregnancy, and location were recorded. Pregnancy outcome was compared between the cohort with large uterine leiomyomata (5 cm or more) (n=251) and those without leiomyomata (n=24,546) using chi(2), Fisher exact test, Student t test, and linear and logistic regression analysis, with an odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) not inclusive of the unity considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with large leiomyomata had higher rates of cesarean delivery before onset of labor (OR 3.1, 95% CI 2.2-4.2) but not during labor (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.6-1.6). The association between leiomyomata and cesarean delivery before labor remained significant after controlling for maternal age, nulliparity, fetal malpresentation, and placenta previa (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.4-3.1). The only ultrasonographic leiomyoma characteristic independently associated with cesarean delivery before labor after controlling for confounders was maximum diameter of the largest leiomyoma (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.4, P=.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Uterine leiomyomata 5 cm or larger are independently associated with cesarean delivery performed before labor, and the risk increases with the size of the leiomyoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  II.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vergani
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Locatelli
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghidini
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andreani
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sala
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Pezzullo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000209:etiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011252:Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology