title: Left ventricle remodelling by double-patch sandwich technique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The sandwich double-patch technique was adopted as an alternative method for reconstruction of the left ventricle after excision of postinfarction dysfunctional myocardium to solve technical problems due to the thick edges of the ventricular wall.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over a 5-year period, 12 of 21 patients with postinfarction antero-apical left ventricular aneurysm had thick wall edges after wall excision. It was due to akinetic muscular thick tissue in 6 cases, while in the other 6 with classic fibrous aneurysm, thick edges remained after the cut of the border zone. The ventricular opening was sandwiched between two patches and this is a technique which is currently used for the treatment of the interventricular septum rupture. In our patients the patches are much smaller than the removed aneurysm and they were sutured simply by a single row of single stitches. However, in contrast to interventricular septum rupture where the patches loosen the tension of the tissues, in our patients the patches pull strongly and restrain the walls by fastening their edges and supporting tight stitches. In this way they could narrow the cavity and close the ventricle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The resected area varied from 5 x 4 to 8 x 8 cm. Excision was extended into the interventricular septum in 5 patients, thus opening the right ventricle. CABG was performed on all patients but two. Left ventricular volumes and the ejection fraction changed significantly: end-systolic volume 93.5 +/- 12.4 to 57.8 +/- 8.9 ml, p < 0.001; end-diastolic volume 157.2 +/- 16.7 to 115.3 +/- 14.9 ml, p < 0.001; ejection fraction 40.3 +/- 4.2 to 49.5 +/- 5.7%, p < 0.001. All patients did well. One patient suffered from bleeding, which was not from the wall suture, and another had a left arm paresis. The post-operative hospital stay was 5 to 30 days with a mean 10.5 +/- 7.5 days/patient. At follow-up, 9 to 60 months mean 34, all patients were symptom-free. NYHA class 2.5 +/- 0.8 changed to 1.2 +/- 0.4, p < 0.001.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The double-patch sandwich technique (bi-patch closure) offers some advantages and does not result in increased morbidity and mortality. In the case of excising a left ventricular aneurysm, this technique in no way requires eversion of the edges, felt strips, buttressed and multiple sutures, all of which are needed for longitudinal linear closure. Moreover, it does not require purse string sutures, endocardial scar remnant to secure the patch or folding the excluded non-functional tissue, all of which are needed for endoventricular patch repair.
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Surgery Unit, Carlo Poma Hospital, Viale Albertoni 1, 46100 Mantua, Italy. tap04@libero.it.
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tappainer
authors.forename: Vinicio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fiorani
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pederzolli
authors.forename: Jacopo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manfredi
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nocchi
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zogno
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006322:Heart Aneurysm / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D013536:Suture Techniques; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling
chemical_list: D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates