title: Safety and efficacy of lenalidomide (Revlimid) in recurrent ovarian and primary peritoneal carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To conduct a phase I trial to determine the safety and toxicity profile of a novel immunomodulatory drug, lenalidomide, in recurrent ovarian and primary peritoneal cancer. The secondary objective is to evaluate the efficacy profile and quality of life (QOL) parameters in patients receiving this treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with recurrent ovarian or peritoneal cancer who received standard staging surgery and at least one prior platinum-based chemotherapy regimen were treated with single-agent oral lenalidomide 25 mg daily for 21 days of a 28-day cycle. Toxicities were monitored by patient report, physical exam, and laboratories. Response was assessed by imaging, physical exam, and CA-125. Therapy was discontinued with disease progression and/or unacceptable toxicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  20 patients with recurrent ovarian or peritoneal cancer were enrolled and received 70 completed 28-day cycles and 10 partial cycles of lenalidomide therapy. The majority of adverse events were grades 1-2, including fatigue (25/80 cycles), nausea/vomiting (23/80), constipation (13/80), abdominal pain (17/80), rash (12/80), neutropenia (12/80), and anemia (12/80). Grade 3 toxicities occurred in 12 of 80 cycles (14%) and no grade IV toxicities were observed. Eleven patients completed > or = 2 cycles and were evaluable for response. Nine achieved stable disease (SD) of at least 3 months, with four patients maintaining SD for > 6 months. The mean time to progression was 5.8 months (range 2-12 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, oral lenalidomide was well tolerated and may have some activity as a single agent in this heavily pre-treated population. Further studies combining lenalidomide with cytotoxic treatments may be warranted in this disease setting.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room HH333, Stanford, CA 94305-5317, USA.
authors.forename: Mallory M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: John K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Amreen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Husain
authors.forename: Hong-Yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Nelson N H
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Teng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077269:Lenalidomide; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D013792:Thalidomide; D000077269:Lenalidomide