title: Pain associated with local anesthetic injection in eyelid procedures: Comparison of microprocessor-controlled versus traditional syringe techniques.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the pain associated with local infiltration of the eyelid, using a microprocessor-controlled delivery system (CompuMed, using the Wand), as compared with traditional manual syringe infiltration technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized clinical trial of 30 patients undergoing minor eyelid surgical procedures was performed. Fifteen patients were injected by use of the CompuMed system and 15 patients were injected by the traditional manual syringe technique. The severity of pain was recorded from each patient by using a visual analog scale (0 to 10). The duration of pain experienced by the patient was also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean pain level reported was 1.5 in the Wand group and 3.2 in the syringe group (p < 0.01). The mean duration of pain experienced was 1.5 seconds in the Wand group and 34 seconds in the syringe group (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Wand was effective at significantly reducing the pain associated with local anesthetic infiltration in minor eyelid surgical procedures. Patients appear to feel pain from the initial needle stick but not during the actual injection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Edward W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Nancy A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Tucker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008838:Microcomputers; D008875:Middle Aged; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D013594:Syringes
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine