title: Gum arabic as a phytochemical construct for the stabilization of gold nanoparticles: in vivo pharmacokinetics and X-ray-contrast-imaging studies.
abstract: Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have exceptional stability against oxidation and therefore will play a significant role in the advancement of clinically useful diagnostic and therapeutic nanomedicines. Despite the huge potential for a new generation of AuNP-based nanomedicinal products, nontoxic AuNP constructs and formulations that can be readily administered site-specifically through the intravenous mode, for diagnostic imaging by computed tomography (CT) or for therapy via various modalities, are still rare. Herein, we report results encompassing: 1) the synthesis and stabilization of AuNPs within the nontoxic phytochemical gum-arabic matrix (GA-AuNPs); 2) detailed in vitro analysis and in vivo pharmacokinetics studies of GA-AuNPs in pigs to gain insight into the organ-specific localization of this new generation of AuNP vector, and 3) X-ray CT contrast measurements of GA-AuNP vectors for potential utility in molecular imaging. Our results demonstrate that naturally occurring GA can be used as a nontoxic phytochemical construct in the production of readily administrable biocompatible AuNPs for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in nanomedicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Alton Building Laboratories, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
authors.forename: Vijaya
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kattumuri
authors.forename: Kavita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katti
authors.forename: Sharanya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhaskaran
authors.forename: Evan J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Boote
authors.forename: Stan W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Casteel
authors.forename: Genevieve M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Fent
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Meera
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chandrasekhar
authors.forename: Raghuraman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kannan
authors.forename: Kattesh V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Katti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media; D003460:Crystallization / Q000379:methods; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006170:Gum Arabic / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007700:Kinetics; D046911:Macromolecular Substances / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D010316:Particle Size; D013499:Surface Properties; D013552:Swine; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005079:Excipients; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D006046:Gold; D006170:Gum Arabic