title: Upregulation of expression of platelet-derived growth factor and its receptor in pneumonia associated with SHIV-infected macaques.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  HIV-associated pulmonary disorders are the most frequent cause of AIDS-related deaths. Rhesus macaques infected with SIV-HIV (SHIV) recapitulate the human HIV-1 lung disease and provide an excellent working model to study the pathogenesis of the human syndrome. Lungs of macaques with SHIV-associated pneumonia have pathology involving macrophage and T cell infiltration that is often accompanied with concurrent opportunistic infections.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore the relationship between SHIV-associated respiratory disease and the expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) B chain (PDGF-B) and its cognate receptors, PDGF-Ralpha and PDGF-Rbeta, which have been implicated in chronic inflammatory processes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lung tissues from 10 SHIV-infected rhesus macaques were evaluated for pathological changes and correlation of these lesions with PDGF-B/PDGF-R expression by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Virus-associated pneumonia was associated with virus replication in macrophages in the lungs, enhanced recruitment of macrophages and mononuclear cells into the organ, and, occasionally, fibrosis. These changes were accompanied by upregulation of PDGF-B and its cognate receptors in the diseased tissue. Confocal microscopy identified SHIV-infected macrophages as one of the major cell types expressing PDGF-B and PDGF-Ralpha/beta in the affected lungs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that PDGF and its cognate receptors play a critical role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary disease associated with this virus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
authors.forename: Navneet K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Dhillon
authors.forename: Yongjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sui
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pinson
authors.forename: Shanping
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Sukhbir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dhillon
authors.forename: Ossama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tawfik
authors.forename: Shannon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Callen
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nemon
authors.forename: Opendra
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Narayan
authors.forename: Shilpa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002633:Chemotaxis; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D008251:Macaca; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D011024:Pneumonia, Viral / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000502:physiology; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; C039351:platelet activating factor receptor