title: Lymphotoxin alpha and tumour necrosis factor are not required for control of parasite growth, but differentially regulate cytokine production during Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS infection.
abstract: Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) plays important roles in the pathogenesis of severe malaria, as well as in the generation of immune responses against malaria parasites. However, far less is known about the role of the closely related TNF family member lymphotoxin alpha (LTalpha) during malaria. We have used mice deficient in either TNF or LTalpha, as well as chimeric mice generated using donor bone marrow from these animals, to study the roles of these cytokines following Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS infection. TNF and LTalpha were not required for the resolution of P. chabaudi chabaudi AS blood-stage infection. However, LTalpha, but not TNF, was necessary for early IFNgamma production and the regulation of IFNgamma production later in infection. A similar delay to that found for IFNgamma production was also observed for TNF production in LTalpha-deficient mice, compared with control mice. These results identify divergent roles for TNF and LTalpha in the regulation of host immune responses during P. chabaudi chabaudi AS infection.
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kulk
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Amante
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haque
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Engwerda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha / Q000172:deficiency / Q000276:immunology*; D008288:Malaria / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016788:Plasmodium chabaudi / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000172:deficiency / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma