title: Experiences with new generation vaccines against equine viral arteritis, West Nile disease and African horse sickness.
abstract: Viral diseases constitute an ever growing threat to the horse industry worldwide because of the rapid movement of large numbers of horses for competition and breeding. A number of different types of vaccines are available for protective immunization of horses against viral diseases. Traditional inactivated and live-attenuated (modified live virus, MLV) virus vaccines remain popular and efficacious but recombinant vaccines are increasingly being developed and used, in part because of the perceived deficiencies of some existing products. New generation vaccines include MLVs with deletions and/or mutations of critical genes, subunit vaccines that incorporate immunogenic proteins (or portions thereof) or expression vectors that produce these proteins as immunogens, and DNA vaccines. New generation vaccines have been developed for several viral diseases of horses. We recently have developed an alphavirus replicon-vectored equine arteritis virus (EAV) vaccine, and evaluated a commercial canary pox virus-vectored vaccine for West Nile disease. The success of these new-generation vaccines has catalyzed efforts to develop improved vaccines for the prevention of African horse sickness, a disease of emerging global significance.
authors.affiliation: Equine Viral Disease Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. njmaclachlan@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: N James
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: MacLachlan
authors.forename: Udeni B
authors.initials: UB
authors.lastname: Balasuriya
authors.forename: Nancy L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Collier
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Gregory L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Ferraro
authors.forename: Alan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Guthrie
mesh_terms: D000355:African Horse Sickness / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D018174:Arterivirus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006736:Horses; D014612:Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000276:immunology; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit / Q000276:immunology; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014901:West Nile Fever / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D014612:Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D014765:Viral Vaccines