title: Identification by [99mTc]ECD SPECT of anterior cingulate hypoperfusion in progressive supranuclear palsy, in comparison with Parkinson's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is an akinetic-rigid syndrome that can be difficult to differentiate from Parkinson's disease (PD), particularly at an early stage. [99mTc]ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD) SPECT could represent a widely available tool to assist in the differential diagnosis. In this study we used voxel-based analysis and Computerised Brain Atlas (CBA)-based principal component analysis (PCA) of [99mTc]ECD SPECT data to test whether: (1) specific patterns of rCBF abnormalities can differentiate PSP from controls and PD; (2) networks of dysfunctional brain regions can be found in PSP vs controls and PD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine PD patients, 16 PSP patients and ten controls were studied with [99mTc]ECD SPECT using a brain-dedicated device (Ceraspect). Voxel-based analysis was performed with statistical parametric mapping. PCA was applied to volume of interest data after spatial normalisation to CBA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The voxel-based analysis showed hypoperfusion of the anterior cingulate and medial frontal cortex in PSP compared with controls and PD. In PSP patients the rCBF impairment extended to the pre-supplementary motor area and prefrontal cortex, areas involved in executive function and motor networks. Compared with PSP patients, PD patients showed a mild rCBF decrease in associative visual areas which could be related to the known impairment of visuospatial function. The PCA identified three principal components differentiating PSP patients from controls and/or PD patients that included groups of cortical and subcortical brain regions with relatively decreased (cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex and caudate) or increased (parietal cortex) rCBF, representing distinct functional networks in PSP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anterior cingulate hypoperfusion seems to be an early, distinct brain abnormality in PSP as compared with PD.
authors.affiliation: Biostructure and Bioimaging Institute, National Research Council/Department of Biomorphological and Functional Sciences, University Federico II, Napoli, Italy. Andrea.Varrone@ki.se
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Varrone
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pagani
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Salvatore
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Salmaso
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sansone
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amboni
authors.forename: Flavio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nobili
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Michele
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Filla
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barone
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pappatà
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salvatore
mesh_terms: D003545:Cysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013494:Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C059659:technetium Tc 99m bicisate; D003545:Cysteine