title: Resolvin D1 and its aspirin-triggered 17R epimer. Stereochemical assignments, anti-inflammatory properties, and enzymatic inactivation.
abstract: We recently uncovered two new families of potent docosahexaenoic acid-derived mediators, termed D series resolvins (Rv; resolution phase interaction products) and protectins. Here, we assign the stereochemistry of the conjugated double bonds and chirality of alcohols present in resolvin D1 (RvD1) and its aspirin-triggered 17R epimer (AT-RvD1) with compounds prepared by total organic synthesis. In addition, docosahexaenoic acid was converted by a single lipoxygenase in a "one-pot" reaction to RvD1 in vitro. The synthetic compounds matched the physical and biological properties of those enzymatically generated. RvD1 proved to be 7S,8R,17S-trihydroxy-4Z,9E,11E,13Z,15E,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid, AT-RvD1 matched 7S,8R,17R-trihydroxy-4Z,9E,11E,13Z,15E,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid, and they both stopped transendothelial migration of human neutrophils (EC(50) approximately 30 nM). In murine peritonitis in vivo, RvD1 and AT-RvD1 proved equipotent (at nanogram dosages), limiting polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration in a dose-dependent fashion. RvD1 was converted by eicosanoid oxidoreductase to novel 8-oxo- and 17-oxo-RvD1 that gave dramatically reduced bioactivity, whereas enzymatic conversion of AT-RvD1 was sharply reduced. These results establish the complete stereochemistry and actions of RvD1 and AT-RvD1 as well as demonstrate the stereoselective basis for their enzymatic inactivation. RvD1 regulates human polymorphonuclear leukocyte transendothelial migration and is anti-inflammatory. When its carbon 17S alcohol is enzymatically converted to 17-oxo-RvD1, it is essentially inactive, whereas the 17R alcohol configuration in its aspirin-triggered form (AT-RvD1) resists rapid inactivation. These results may contribute to the beneficial actions of aspirin and omega-3 fish oils in humans.
authors.affiliation: Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Yee-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Sungwhan F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Loker Hydrocarbon Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089.
authors.forename: Jasim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Uddin
authors.affiliation: Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gotlinger
authors.affiliation: Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Sean P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Colgan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Loker Hydrocarbon Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089.
authors.forename: Nicos A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Petasis
authors.affiliation: Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115. Electronic address: cnserhan@zeus.bwh.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Charles N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Serhan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002464:Cell Migration Inhibition; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000187:drug effects; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C518399:resolvin D1; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D001241:Aspirin