title: The first steps towards fluoroquinolone resistance in Hungarian pneumococci.
abstract: The incidence of fluoroquinolone resistance among Hungarian routine laboratory Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, collected in 2000-2002, in common with other European countries, was very low; only 5/304 strains (1.64%) were resistant to ciprofloxacin (MIC = 4 microg/ml), and the other fluoroquinolones showed full efficacy. However, we could identify the Lys-137-Asp amino acid change, caused by a point mutation in the QRDR of the parC gene, in five strains. Additionally, we observed a definite shift in the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of all fluoroquinolones towards higher values throughout the study period. These two findings, coupled with the increasing consumption figures of fluoroquinolones, suggest that pneumococcal resistance looks poised to develop in Hungary.
authors.affiliation: University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dobay
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rozgonyi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghidán
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matuz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: S G B
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Amyes
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002258:Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D027081:DNA Gyrase / Q000235:genetics; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV / Q000235:genetics; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077734:Gatifloxacin; D006801:Humans; D006814:Hungary / Q000453:epidemiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D011804:Quinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001372:Aza Compounds; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D011804:Quinolines; C081902:pmrA protein, Bacteria; D002258:Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D015242:Ofloxacin; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV; D027081:DNA Gyrase; D000077734:Gatifloxacin; D000077266:Moxifloxacin