title: Vaccination with selected synovial T cells in rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This pilot clinical study was undertaken to investigate the role of T cell vaccination in the induction of regulatory immune responses in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Autologous synovial T cells were selected for pathologic relevance, rendered inactive by irradiation, and used for vaccination. Fifteen patients received T cell vaccination via 6 subcutaneous inoculations over a period of 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  T cell vaccination led to induction of CD4+ Tregs and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells specific for T cell vaccine. There was selective expansion of CD4+,V(beta)2+ Tregs that produced interleukin-10 (IL-10) and expressed a high level of transcription factor Foxp3, which coincided with depletion of overexpressed BV14+ T cells in treated patients. CD4+ IL-10-secreting Tregs induced by T cell vaccination were found to react specifically with peptides derived from IL-2 receptor alpha-chain. The expression level of Foxp3 in CD4+ T cells and increased inhibitory activity of CD4+,CD25+ Tregs were significantly elevated following T cell vaccination. The observed regulatory immune responses collectively correlated with clinical improvement in treated patients. In an intent-to-treat analysis, a substantial response, defined as meeting the American College of Rheumatology 50% improvement criteria, was shown in 10 of the 15 patients (66.7%) and was accompanied by a marked improvement in RA-related laboratory parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that T cell vaccination induces regulatory immune responses that are associated with improved clinical and laboratory variables in RA patients.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Immunology, JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Guangjie
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ningli
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ying C Q
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Zang
authors.forename: Dongqing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Dongyi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Guozhang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Liqing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Baihua
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Jingwu Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016827:CD8 Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D016233:Immunotherapy, Active / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015704:CD4 Antigens; D016827:CD8 Antigens; C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell