title: Diterpenoids and flavonoids from the fruits of Vitex agnus-castus and antioxidant activity of the fruit extracts and their constituents.
abstract: From the n-hexane fraction of the fruits of Vitex agnus-castus, two labdane-type diterpenes, vitetrifolin B and C, were isolated by means of multiple chromatographic separations, together with the previously identified rotundifuran, vitexilactone and the sesquiterpene spathulenol. From the EtOAc fraction, eupatorin was identified for the first time, besides the known casticin, penduletin, vitexin and orientin. The n-hexane, EtOAc and MeOH-H(2)O fractions of the MeOH extract of Agni-casti fructus were subjected to in vitro antioxidant assays. The EtOAc extract displayed a significant concentration-dependent effect when tested by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrasyl (DPPH) free radical assay (IC(50) = 68 microg/mL) and against the autooxidation of a standard rat brain homogenate (IC(50) = 14 microg/mL). The MeOH-H(2)O fraction was less active with 3643 microg/mL (DPPH test) and IC(50) = 125 microg/mL (rat brain homogenate), while the n-hexane phase proved to be inactive. The main flavonoid constituents of the EtOAc extract, casticin, vitexin and orientin were assayed for antioxidant activity and found that only casticin possesses a marked lipid peroxidation inhibitory effect (IC(50) = 0.049 mm) compared with that of the positive control ascorbic acid (IC(50) = 0.703 mm).
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Zsuzsanna
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hajdú
authors.forename: Judit
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hohmann
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Forgo
authors.forename: Tamás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Martinek
authors.forename: Máté
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dervarics
authors.forename: István
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zupkó
authors.forename: György
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Falkay
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cossuta
authors.forename: Imre
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Máthé
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020950:Vitex / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004224:Diterpenes; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts