title: Cytokine gene polymorphisms in renal transplant recipients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acute rejection remains an important cause of graft loss after renal transplantation, and cytokines are key mediators in the induction and effector phases of all immune and inflammatory responses. However, the influence of gene polymorphisms on the functional immune response of transplant recipient outcomes remains controversial.
  
  
  METHODS
  The amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the interleukin-10 (IL-10) (-1082 G/A), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (-308 G/A), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) (+874 T/A) single nucleotide polymorphisms in 100 of the first adult kidney recipients at our institution who were receiving cyclosporine-based immunosuppressive therapy. The diagnosis of acute rejection was based on clinical and histologic findings according to the Banff criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of multivariate analyses showed no significant association between episodes of acute rejection and single nucleotide polymorphisms in IL- 10, TNF-alpha genes, or dinucleotide repeat polymorphisms in the IFN-gamma gene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate that cytokine gene polymorphisms did not influence the early outcome of kidney transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Organ Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. negarazarpira@yahoo.com
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Azarpira
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Aghdaie
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Geramizadeh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Behzadi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nikeghbalian
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sagheb
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahsaz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Behzad-Behbahanie
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ayatollahi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Darai
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Azarpira
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Banihashemie
authors.forename: S Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Tabei
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D005784:Gene Amplification; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D004247:DNA