title: Involvement of local orphanin FQ in the development of analgesic tolerance induced by morphine microinjections into the dorsal raphe nucleus of rats.
abstract: It is well known that dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is one of the key structures for the development of opioid analgesia and tolerance. An increased activity of 'antiopioids' like orphanin-FQ (OFQ) has been proposed as a possible mechanism for opioid tolerance. The present study evaluates the role of DRN-located OFQ in the opioid analgesic tolerance induced by repeated microinjections of morphine (MOR) into DRN. Male rats were implanted with chronic guide cannulae aimed at the DRN. Microinjection of MOR (0.5 microg in 0.5 microl) into DRN caused antinociception as quantified with the tail flick and the hot plate tests. When MOR microinjection was repeated twice daily, the antinociceptive effect disappeared within 2 days (tolerance). However, if each MOR microinjection was preceded (within 15 min) by a microinjection of the OFQ receptor antagonist nocistatin (NST) (1 ng in 0.5 microl) into the same DRN site, the microinjections of MOR always produced antinociception and did not induce tolerance. If NST microinjections were suspended, subsequent MOR microinjections induced tolerance. In MOR-tolerant rats, a single NST microinjection into the same DRN site was enough to restore the antinociceptive effect of MOR. On the other hand, if OFQ (1 ng in 0.5 microl) was microinjected into DRN, then MOR microinjection administered 15 min later into the same DRN site did not elicit antinociception. Finally, opioid tolerance induced by repeated systemic MOR injections (5 mg/kg, i.p.) was reversed by a single microinjection of NST into DRN. This emphasizes the central importance of DRN-located OFQ in the MOR analgesic tolerance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of First Clinical College, China Medical University, 155 Nangjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Jun
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Chang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Li-Cai
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yin-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Jun-Li
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Ti-Jun
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Jun-Ke
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guo-Xin
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Yong-Fei
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Yan-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Guo-Jun
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004361:Drug Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008845:Microinjections / Q000379:methods; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009294:Narcotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018847:Opioid Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011903:Raphe Nuclei / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D000097629:Nociceptin
chemical_list: D009020:Morphine; D009294:Narcotics; D018847:Opioid Peptides; D000097629:Nociceptin; C111148:nocistatin