title: Activity patterns, blood lactate concentrations and ratings of perceived exertion during a professional singles tennis tournament.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the game characteristics and physiological (ie, blood lactate concentration) and perceptual (ie, rating of perceived exertion, RPE) responses during actual tennis competition in professional performers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight trained and internationally ranked (Association of Tennis Professionals rankings) male tennis players were studied during singles matches (best of three sets) played on an outdoor clay court surface during a professional, invitational tournament. Blood lactate concentrations (n = 53) and RPE (n = 113) were determined at selected change-overs during the game. The variables describing the characteristics of the matches, (a) duration of rallies (DRs); (b) rest time (RT); (c) effective playing time (EPT); and (d) shots per rally (SR), were determined from video recordings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (SD) values for the match-play activity variables were DR 7.5 (7.3) s, RT 16.2 (5.2) s, EPT 21.5 (4.9%), SR 2.7 (2.2) shots. Average blood lactate concentration and RPE values were 3.8 (2.0) mmol/l and 13 (2). Blood lactate concentrations and RPE values were significantly higher (p<0.01) in service games than in receiving games. Both blood lactate concentration and RPE values were significantly correlated with SR and DR (r = 0.80 to 0.28; p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Blood lactate concentrations and RPE were found to be influenced by the characteristics of the match and the playing situation (ie, serving or returning). These specific situations might be used to alter the overload training stimulus during tennis on-court practice.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Department of Didactics, University of Alcala, Madrid, Spain. amendezvillanueva@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mendez-Villanueva
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Fernandez
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Garcia
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Terrados
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003163:Competitive Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D013715:Tennis / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid