title: Subcellular localization of cadmium in roots and leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana.
abstract: We examined the subcellular cadmium (Cd) localization in roots and leaves of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype Columbia) exposed to environmentally relevant Cd concentrations. Energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDXMA) was performed on high-pressure frozen and freeze-substituted tissues. In the root cortex, Cd was associated with phosphorus (Cd/P) in the apoplast and sulfur (Cd/S) in the symplast, suggesting phosphate and phytochelatin sequestration, respectively. In the endodermis, sequestration of Cd/S was present as fine granular deposits in the vacuole and as large granular deposits in the cytoplasm. In the central cylinder, symplastic accumulation followed a distinct pattern illustrating the importance of passage cells for the uptake of Cd. In the apoplast, a shift of Cd/S granular deposits from the middle lamella towards the plasmalemma was observed. Large amounts of precipitated Cd in the phloem suggest retranslocation from the shoot. In leaves, Cd was detected in tracheids but not in the mesophyll tissue. Extensive symplastic and apoplastic sequestration in the root parenchyma combined with retranslocation via the phloem confirms the excluder strategy of Arabidopsis thaliana.
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Physical Plant Physiology and.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Van Belleghem
authors.affiliation: Environmental Biology, Hasselt University - Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cuypers
authors.affiliation: Environmental Biology, Hasselt University - Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium.
authors.forename: Brahim
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Semane
authors.affiliation: Environmental Biology, Hasselt University - Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Smeets
authors.affiliation: Environmental Biology, Hasselt University - Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium.
authors.forename: Jaco
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vangronsveld
authors.affiliation: IMO - IMOMEC, Hasselt University - Campus Diepenbeek, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: d'Haen
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Physical Plant Physiology and.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Valcke
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D052585:Phloem / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism; D019441:Plant Epidermis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013347:Subcellular Fractions; D013455:Sulfur / Q000378:metabolism; D052584:Xylem / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D010758:Phosphorus; D013455:Sulfur