title: Struggle for quality in determination of perfluorinated contaminants in environmental and human samples.
abstract: The first worldwide interlaboratory study on the analyses of 13 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in three environmental and two human samples indicates a varying degree of accuracy in relation to the matrix or analyte determined. The ability of 38 participating laboratories from 13 countries to determine the analytes in the various matrices was evaluated by calculation of z-scores according to the Cofino model. The PFCs which were reported most frequently by the laboratories, and assessed with the most satisfactory agreement, were perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). In general, the level of agreement between the participating laboratories decreased in the following order: PFC standard solution (76% satisfactory z-scores of <[2]1 for PFOS) < human blood (67%) < human plasma (63%) < fish liver extract (55%) < water (31%) < fish tissue (17%). This shows that relative good agreement between laboratories was obtained for the study of standard and human matrices. For the fish extract, most laboratories underestimated the actual PFOS concentration due to matrix effects. The results for the fish tissue and water are also poor, indicating that the extraction and cleanup steps require further improvement. It was concluded that the PFC determinations in various matrices are not yet fully mastered.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Free University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. stefan.van.Leeuwen@ivm.falw.vu.nl
authors.forename: Stefan P J
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: van Leeuwen
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karrman
authors.forename: Bert
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van Bavel
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.forename: Gunilla
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lindstrom
mesh_terms: D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005466:Fluorocarbons