title: Coma, delirium, and cognitive dysfunction in critical illness.
abstract: Syndromes of global cerebral dysfunction that are associated with critical illness include acute disorders (eg, coma, delirium) and chronic processes (ie, cognitive impairment). These syndromes can result from direct cerebral injury; however, many cases develop as a complication of a systemic insult. Coma frequently evolves into phenomenologically distinct disorders of consciousness; it must be differentiated from conditions in which consciousness is preserved, as in the locked-in state. Advances have been made in defining, scoring, and delineating the epidemiology of cerebral dysfunction in the ICU, but research is needed to elucidate underlying mechanisms, with the goal of identifying targets for prevention and therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. rstevens@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Nyquist
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D003128:Coma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D016638:Critical Illness; D003693:Delirium / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans