title: DPL-1 DP, LIN-35 Rb and EFL-1 E2F act with the MCD-1 zinc-finger protein to promote programmed cell death in Caenorhabditis elegans.
abstract: The genes egl-1, ced-9, ced-4, and ced-3 play major roles in programmed cell death in Caenorhabditis elegans. To identify genes that have more subtle activities, we sought mutations that confer strong cell-death defects in a genetically sensitized mutant background. Specifically, we screened for mutations that enhance the cell-death defects caused by a partial loss-of-function allele of the ced-3 caspase gene. We identified mutations in two genes not previously known to affect cell death, dpl-1 and mcd-1 (modifier of cell death). dpl-1 encodes the C. elegans homolog of DP, the human E2F-heterodimerization partner. By testing genes known to interact with dpl-1, we identified roles in cell death for four additional genes: efl-1 E2F, lin-35 Rb, lin-37 Mip40, and lin-52 dLin52. mcd-1 encodes a novel protein that contains one zinc finger and that is synthetically required with lin-35 Rb for animal viability. dpl-1 and mcd-1 act with efl-1 E2F and lin-35 Rb to promote programmed cell death and do so by regulating the killing process rather than by affecting the decision between survival and death. We propose that the DPL-1 DP, MCD-1 zinc finger, EFL-1 E2F, LIN-35 Rb, LIN-37 Mip40, and LIN-52 dLin52 proteins act together in transcriptional regulation to promote programmed cell death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Peter W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Reddien
authors.forename: Erik C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: H Robert
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Horvitz
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000166:cytology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018509:DNA, Helminth / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017238:Genes, Helminth; D009154:Mutation; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016335:Zinc Fingers / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D018509:DNA, Helminth; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; C433249:dpl-1 protein, C elegans; C493765:efl-1 protein, C elegans; C081464:lin-31 protein, C elegans