Determination and confirmation of nitrofuran residues in honey using LC-MS/MS.
A method was developed for the determination and confirmation of furazolidone, nitrofurazone, furaltadone, and nitrofurantoin as their side-chain residues in honey using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). An initial solid-phase extraction cleanup of the honey samples was followed by overnight hydrolysis and derivatization of the nitrofuran side-chain residues with 2-nitrobenzaldehyde. After pH adjustment and liquid-liquid extraction, the extracts were assayed by LC-MS/MS using electrospray ionization in the positive ion mode. The method was validated at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 ppb with accuracies of 92-103% and coefficients of variation of < or =10%. The lowest calibration standard used (0.25 ppb) was defined as the limit of quantitation for all four nitrofuran side-chain residues. The extracts and standards were also used for confirmatory purposes. Honey from dosed beehives was assayed to study the stability of the nitrofuran residues and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
Lopez
Mayda I
MI
Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. mayda.lopez@fda.hhs.gov
Feldlaufer
Mark F
MF
Williams
Anthony D
AD
Chu
Pak-Sin
PS
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000032:analysis; D002273:Carcinogens; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis*; D009153:Mutagens; D009581:Nitrofurans / Q000032:analysis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002273:Carcinogens; D009153:Mutagens; D009581:Nitrofurans