title: Dopaminergic neuron loss and up-regulation of chaperone protein mRNA induced by targeted over-expression of alpha-synuclein in mouse substantia nigra.
abstract: Several transgenic mouse lines with altered alpha-synuclein expression have been developed that show a variety of Parkinson's disease-like symptoms without specific loss of dopaminergic neurons. Targeted over-expression of human alpha-synuclein using viral-vector mediated gene delivery into the substantia nigra of rats and non-human primates leads to dopaminergic cell loss and the formation of alpha-synuclein aggregates reminiscent of Lewy bodies. In the context of these recent findings, we used adeno-associated virus (AAV) to over-express wild type human alpha-synuclein in the substantia nigra of mice. We hypothesized that this over-expression would recapitulate pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease, creating a mouse model to further characterize the disease pathogenesis. Recombinant AAV expressing alpha-synuclein was stereotaxically injected into the substantia nigra of mice, leading to a 25% reduction of dopaminergic neurons after 24 weeks of transduction. Furthermore, examination of mRNA levels of stress-related proteins using laser capture microdissection and quantitative PCR revealed a positive correlation of Hsp27 expression with the extent of viral transduction at 4 weeks and a positive correlation of Hsp40, Hsp70 and caspase 9 with the extent of viral transduction at 24 weeks. Taken together, our findings suggest that targeted over-expression of alpha-synuclein can induce pathology at the gross anatomical and molecular level in the substantia nigra, providing a mouse model in which upstream changes in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis can be further elucidated.
authors.affiliation: Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
authors.forename: Jessie L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: St Martin
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klucken
authors.forename: Tiago F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Outeiro
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Keller-McGandy
authors.forename: Ippolita
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cantuti-Castelvetri
authors.forename: Tom N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Grammatopoulos
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Standaert
authors.forename: Bradley T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Hyman
authors.forename: Pamela J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: McLean
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000502:physiology; D000229:Dependovirus / Q000378:metabolism; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D051844:alpha-Synuclein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051844:alpha-Synuclein; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D004298:Dopamine