title: Bivalirudin during cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with previous or acute heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and heparin antibodies: results of the CHOOSE-ON trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) heparin-induced thrombocytopenia thrombosis syndrome (HITTS) on- and off-pump safety and efficacy (CHOOSE-ON) trial was designed as a safety and efficacy trial of bivalirudin for use in anticoagulation during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in patients with confirmed or suspected HIT and (or) antiplatelet factor 4/heparin (anti-PF4/H) antibodies.
  
  
  METHODS
  In an open-label, multicenter trial, 50 patients were enrolled prospectively. The primary study endpoint was in-hospital acute procedural success, defined as the absence of death, Q-wave myocardial infarction (MI), repeat operation for coronary revascularization, and stroke at day seven after surgery or hospital discharge, whichever occurred first. The secondary study endpoints were procedural success, defined as the absence of death, Q-wave MI, repeat operation for coronary revascularization, and stroke, at 30 days and 12 weeks after surgery. Perioperative blood loss, transfusions, and the incidence of major bleeding events were also captured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 49 patients treated with bivalirudin of which 43 had acute HIT and thrombosis syndrome (HITTS) with antibodies at time of surgery. Procedural success in-hospital or at 7 days was achieved in 46 (94%) patients. At day 30 procedural success was achieved in 42 (86%) patients, and after 12 weeks in 40 (82%) patients. Mean intraoperative blood loss was 575 +/- 524 mL, and mean 24-hour postoperative blood loss was 998 +/- 595 mL. Forty-one (84%) patients received transfusions before day 7 or discharge with a mean of 5.6 +/- 3.8 units of red blood cells, 8.6 +/- 7.2 units of platelets, and 6.0 +/- 4.7 units of fresh frozen plasma. No differences in outcome among bivalirudin-treated patients were observed between those in the overall group and those with moderately impaired renal function (n = 10).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current investigation expands the experience of safe and effective anticoagulation with bivalirudin during CPB to patients with confirmed or suspected HIT and anti-PF4/H antibodies, including in the setting of impaired renal function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Germany. koster@dhzb.de
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koster
authors.forename: Cornelius M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Dyke
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aldea
authors.forename: Nicholas G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Smedira
authors.forename: Harry L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.forename: Solomon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aronson
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hetzer
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Avery
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Spiess
authors.forename: A Michael
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lincoff
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D017707:Erythrocyte Transfusion / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006493:Heparin / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006629:Hirudins; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013577:Syndrome; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000276:immunology; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000925:Anticoagulants; D006629:Hirudins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D006493:Heparin; C074619:bivalirudin