title: Comparison of in vitro toxicity of single vs double exposures of indocyanine green in human retinal pigment epithelial cell cultures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the in vitro effect of a single brief indocyanine green (ICG) exposure with a double exposure on retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro laboratory experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human ARPE-19 cells were exposed to a single dilute ICG exposure (0.5 mg/ml) or to two sequential exposures of identical volume and concentration. Viability was measured with a mitochondrial dehydrogenase assay and compared with nonexposed control cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cell viability was not statistically different between the single-exposed, double-exposed, or control cell populations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When used intraoperatively to stain the internal limiting membrane, dilute ICG dye sometimes does not adequately enhance visualization of the internal limiting membrane. Occasionally, it is necessary to repeat the dye exposure to achieve the desired visibility. In this study, RPE cells subjected to two consecutive short exposures of ICG showed no marked difference in cell survival when compared with cells exposed to a single application of ICG and to control cells.
authors.affiliation: Ivey Eye Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Alain A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Proulx
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Gonder
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D005562:Formazans; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000633:toxicity*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000201:enzymology; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D010857:Pigment Epithelium of Eye / Q000187:drug effects*; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D005562:Formazans; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; C079782:MTT formazan; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D007208:Indocyanine Green