title: Experimental analysis of a paternally inherited extrachromosomal factor.
abstract: Virtually all known cases of extrachromosomal inheritance involve cytoplasmic inheritance through the maternal line. Recently, a paternally transmitted factor that causes the production of all-male families has been discovered in a parasitic wasp. The wasp has haplodiploid sex determination: male offspring are haploid and usually develop from unfertilized eggs, whereas females are diploid and usually develop from fertilized eggs. It has been postulated that this paternal sex-ratio factor (psr) is either (1) an infectious agent (a venereal disease) that is transmitted to the female reproductive tract during copulation with an infected male and, subsequently, causes all-male families or (2) a male cytoplasmic factor that is transmitted by sperm to eggs upon egg fertilization and, somehow, causes loss of the paternal set of chromosomes.-Experimental evidence is presented which shows that the factor requires egg fertilization for transmission to the next generation; therefore, it is likely to be a cytoplasmic factor. Significant potential intragenomic conflict results from the presence of this factor and two other sex-ratio distorters in this wasp species.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Zoology and Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Werren
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van den Assem