title: Dynamic variation in the cellular origin of HIV type 1 during treatment of tuberculosis in dually infected subjects.
abstract: HIV-1 replication remains elevated in dually infected HIV-1/TB subjects at completion of antituberculosis therapy. A viral immunocapture assay was used to examine the cellular origin of HIV-1 within plasma from HIV-1/TB subjects at time of diagnosis of pulmonary TB, at end of TB treatment, and 6 months after completion of treatment. Asymptomatic HIV-1-infected subjects without TB (HIV-1/C) served as controls. Both activated immature macrophage (CD36(+)) and CD4 T cell (CD26(+)) compartments contributed to viral load. Changes in the activation status of either cellular compartment paralleled their contribution to viral load. Levels of HIV-1 originating from activated (HLA-DR(+)) cells and from CD36(+) and CD26(+) mononuclear cells resolved to levels observed in HIV-1/C by the end of treatment. HIV-1 isolated by anti-CD3 immunocapture from HIV-1/TB patients remained significantly higher than from HIV-1/C patients at the end of TB treatment and at 12 months follow-up. Therefore, viral production by lymphocytes extends well beyond the completion of TB treatment.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. zxt2@po.cwru.edu
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Toossi
authors.forename: Harriet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mayanja-Kizza
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lawn
authors.forename: Christina S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.forename: L Davis
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Lupo
authors.forename: Salvatore T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Butera
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000276:immunology; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D011859:Radiography; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D017252:CD3 Complex; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D012367:RNA, Viral