title: Herring (Clupea harengus) supplemented diet influences risk factors for CVD in overweight subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of a 4-week herring diet compared to a reference diet on biomarkers for cardiovascular disease in obese subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized crossover trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen healthy obese men and women (age 24-70 years) included, 13 completed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were randomly assigned to four weeks of herring diet (150 g baked herring fillets/day 5, days/week) or reference diet (pork and chicken fillets) and switched diets after 2 weeks washout. P-total cholesterol, p-TAG, p-HDL, p-HDL(2), p-HDL(3), p-LDL, p-apolipoprotein A, p-apolipoprotein B, p-Lipoprotein (a), p-fibrinogen, p-C- reactive protein and p-antioxidative capacity were analysed at 0,2,4,6,8 and 10 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  P-HDL was significantly higher after the herring diet period compared to after the reference diet period; 1.22 vs 1.13 mmol/l (P=0.036). There was a small, but not statistically significant, decrease in TAG but no effect on other biomarkers. TEAC and FRAP, but not ORAC-values, indicated that plasma antioxidants may have been reduced. CRP tended to be lower after the herring diet compared to after the reference diet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consumption of oven-baked herring (150 g/day, 5 days/week) for 4 weeks, compared to consumption of pork and chicken fillets, significantly increased p-HDL. Patients with insulin resistance and obesity, who commonly have low HDL, may therefore benefit from addition of herring to the diet.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Food Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden. helen.lindqvist@chalmers.se
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lindqvist
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Langkilde
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Undeland
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rådendal
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Sandberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood*; D050177:Overweight; D012307:Risk Factors; D017747:Seafood; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol