title: [Preface and comments : multi-functions of orexin in physiological and pathological conditions--state of the art].
abstract: Recent advances in searching endogenous peptide ligands for multiple orphan receptors led to the identification of the new peptides, orexin-A and -B in the hypothalamus. Their function was initially considered to be associated with food consumption. However, these peptides have revealed their multiple functions in physiological and pathological conditions, such as sleep-wake control, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, pain modulation and so on. In the present reviews, I focused on the role of orexin on the norepinephrine and acetylcholine arousal system during anesthesia, the autonomic/endocrine regulation and pain pathways. These state-of-the-art reviews might contribute to the discoveries of the new functions of orexins in the anesthetic fields.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605.
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukuda
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine; D000758:Anesthesia; D000776:Anesthesiology; D000818:Animals; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex; D004703:Endocrine System / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D009638:Norepinephrine; D064446:Orexin Receptors; D000068797:Orexins; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D018013:Receptors, Neuropeptide
chemical_list: C000596229:HCRT protein, human; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D064446:Orexin Receptors; D000068797:Orexins; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D018013:Receptors, Neuropeptide; D000109:Acetylcholine; D009638:Norepinephrine