title: The inter-rater reliability of the Clinical Signs and Symptoms Checklist in diabetic foot ulcers.
abstract: The Clinical Signs and Symptoms Checklist is a tool designed to measure 12 clinical signs and symptoms of localized chronic wound infection. Since its initial development, this Checklist has been revised to include sanguineous drainage. To examine the inter-rater reliability of the revised Clinical Signs and Symptoms Checklist in diabetic foot ulcers, an observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in conjunction with a larger study examining the validity of each sign and symptom for identifying infection in diabetic foot ulcers. Two independent nurse observers assessed 64 diabetic foot ulcers in 64 patients using the Checklist. The reliability of each item was calculated using percent agreement and the Kappa coefficient. Total percent agreement ranged from 76% to 100%, and Kappa statistics ranged from .34 to 1.00. Study findings confirm that the Clinical Signs and Symptoms Checklist is a reliable tool for identifying the clinical signs and symptoms of localized infection in diabetic foot ulcers.
authors.affiliation: Center for Research in the Implementation of Innovative Strategies in Practice (CRIISP), Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA. sue-gardner@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Sue E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: Rita A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Frantz
authors.forename: Heeok
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Melody
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scherubel
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000150:complications*; D004282:Documentation; D004487:Edema / Q000209:etiology; D004890:Erythema / Q000209:etiology; D005122:Exudates and Transudates; D005260:Female; D006097:Granulation Tissue; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009730:Nursing Assessment / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D015588:Observer Variation; D009812:Odorants; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods* / Q000451:nursing / Q000592:standards; D013492:Suppuration; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014945:Wound Healing; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000451:nursing