title: Islet cell, thyroid, adrenal and celiac disease related autoantibodies in patients with Type 1 diabetes from Sri Lanka.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The prevalence of islet cell, thyroid, adrenal and celiac disease related autoantibodies in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (Type 1 DM) from Sri Lanka is described.
  
  
  METHODS
  Autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65Ab), protein tyrosine phosphatase IA-2 (IA-2Ab), insulin (IAAb), thyroglobulin (TgAb), thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb), TSH receptor (TRAb), 21-hydroxylase (21-OHAb) and tissue transglutaminase (tTGAb) were measured in 122 Type 1 DM patients who had low C-peptide activity or were >20 yr old at the time of diagnosis and in 100 non-diabetic blood donors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GAD65Ab and/or IA-2Ab were present in 74/122 (60.7%) Type 1 DM subjects with a significantly higher prevalence compared to non-diabetic controls (no. 100) (GAD65Ab-59 vs 4%; IA-2Ab-14 vs 0%; respectively) (p<0.001). The median (inter-quartile range) Type 1 DM duration in antibody positive subjects was 3.3 (0.99-6.9) vs 4.9 (1.7-7.5) yr in antibody negative subjects (p=0.23). IA-2Ab prevalence decreased with disease duration > or =5 yr (19 vs 4%) (p<0.001). There was no difference in the prevalence of TgAb (25 vs 33%)(p=0.21) and TPOAb (22 vs 18%) (p=0.48) in Type 1 DM and non-diabetic subjects. Also, there was no difference in TgAb and TPOAb prevalence in antibody positive Type 1 DM (34.7%) compared to antibody negative Type 1 DM (24.4%) subjects (p=0.24). tTGAb (3/119) and TRAb (1/119) were found in low prevalence and 21-OHAb were not detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diabetes associated autoantibodies were detected in the majority of Type 1 DM subjects, suggesting a major role for autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of Type 1 DM in Sri Lankans. The prevalence of TgAb and TPOAb in Type 1 DM subjects and non-diabetic controls was relatively high and similar in both groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Caerphilly Miners' Hospital, Caerphilly, UK. Ldke.Premawardhana@gwent.wales.nhs.uk
authors.forename: L D K E
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Premawardhana
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Wijeyaratne
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wijesuriya
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Illangasekera
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brooking
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amoroso
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jeffreys
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bolton
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lazarus
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Furmaniak
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rees Smith
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000276:immunology*; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis*; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D018828:Immunoglobulins, Thyroid-Stimulating; D007330:Insulin Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase / Q000276:immunology; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000276:immunology*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000276:immunology; D013188:Sri Lanka / Q000453:epidemiology; D013255:Steroid 21-Hydroxylase / Q000276:immunology; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000276:immunology*; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D018828:Immunoglobulins, Thyroid-Stimulating; D007330:Insulin Antibodies; D007527:Isoenzymes; C094372:thyrotropin-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase; D013255:Steroid 21-Hydroxylase; D011503:Transglutaminases; D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase; C401141:glutamate decarboxylase 2