title: Significant decrease in angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2 after radical prostatectomy in prostate cancer patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Abnormalities in coagulation/platelet activation and angiogenesis are present in all common human cancers. We hypothesized that surgical treatment of prostate cancer would modulate these abnormalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two men with biopsy-proven prostate cancer were recruited of whom 24 had radical prostatectomy (RP), 12 other treatments and 6 had no treatment. RP patients were followed up from baseline, and samples were collected at 3- and 12-month intervals to assess the effects of the surgery. Plasma was obtained for the measurement of markers of vascular/coagulation/platelet activation (von Willebrand factor (vWf), soluble P selectin (sPsel) (all ELISA), fibrinogen and D-dimer (both nephelometry)) and angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and their receptors s-Flt-1 and s-Tie-2). We also measured the angiogenesis markers VEGF and angiopoietin-1 within platelets (all ELISA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In those undergoing RP, there were changes in plasma VEGF (to 48% of pre-surgery levels at 1 year follow up), Ang-1 (to 82%), Ang-2 (to 27%), sPsel (78%), and fibrinogen (to 91%) at 3 months and/or 12 months (p<0.03). The relative falls in Ang-2, Ang-1 and VEGF were not significant (p=0.448).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RP is associated with a lowering of markers of angiogenesis and platelet activation. This suggests that these pathological processes are driven to a large extent by the tumour and/or tumour-secreted factors, and that removal of the primary growth results in a gradual normalisation of measured indices.
authors.affiliation: Haemostasis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology Unit, University Department of Medicine, City Hospital, Birmingham B18 7QH, UK.
authors.forename: Graham J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Caine
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Gregory Y H
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Lip
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Blann
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D042683:Angiopoietin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D042702:Angiopoietin-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000032:analysis; D015539:Platelet Activation; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000032:analysis; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000032:analysis; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D042683:Angiopoietin-1; D042702:Angiopoietin-2; D015415:Biomarkers; D019007:P-Selectin; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D005340:Fibrinogen; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor