title: Allergy to metals as a cause of orthopedic implant failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A constantly growing social demand for orthopedic implants has been observed in Poland. It is estimated that about 5% of patients experience post-operation complications. It is suspected that in this group of patients an allergic reaction contributes to rejection of metal implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  The aim of our study was to assess contact allergy to metals in 14 people (9 women and 5 men) suffering from poor implant tolerance. In some of them, recurrent skin eruptions, generalized or nearby implants, have occurred and in 3 patients skin fistula was observed. These complaints appeared one year after operation. The patients underwent patch tests with allergens from the Chemotechnique Diagnostics (Malmö, Sweden), including nickel, chromium, cobalt, palladium, copper, aluminum. In addition, allergens, such as titanium, vanadium and molybdenum prepared by chemical laboratory in the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lódiź, Poland, were introduced.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Of the 14 patients, 8 persons (5 women and 3 men) were sensitized to at least one metal, mostly to nickel (7/14) and chromium (6/14). Of the 8 sensitized patients, 3 were reoperated. Owing to the exchange of prosthesis the complaints subsided, including healing up skin fibulas. These facts weight in favor of the primeval sensitizing effect of metal prosthesis and the relation between allergy and clinical symptoms of poor tolerance to orthopedic implants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Diseases, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lódź, Poland. krecisz@imp.lodz.pl
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Krecisz
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kieć-Swierczyńska
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bakowicz-Mitura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008670:Metals / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D008670:Metals