title: Muscle enzyme elevation after elective neurosurgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Serum creatine kinase and myoglobin elevation has been described involving muscle manipulation after surgery and also after bariatric, urologic and gynaecologic procedures. It encompasses a wide range of severity, reflecting in the worst cases true rhabdomyolysis. We occasionally noted creatine kinase elevations after intracranial neurosurgery, an occurrence that has not yet been described. To assess whether the issue of postoperative muscle enzyme elevation is relevant to neurosurgery, we prospectively measured serum creatine kinase and myoglobin in a series of neurosurgical patients submitted to craniotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 30 patients aged 22-69 yr submitted to craniotomy. Blood samples were taken prior to the procedure, at the end of anaesthesia and on the first, second and third postoperative days. Blood was checked for creatine kinase, myoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and serum electrolytes. We recorded the patient's age, sex, height, weight and body mass index. Throughout surgery, we recorded the highest and the lowest body temperature and sampled the mean arterial pressure at 5 min intervals. We performed backwards stepwise logistic regression analysis to identify the elements that best correlate with the development of cell muscle damage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the first postoperative day creatine kinase peaked from baseline (305 (107-1306) UI L(-1) vs. 59 (42-94) UI L(-1); P < 0.001) while myoglobin rose significantly from baseline to the end of surgery (70 (42-147) ng mL(-1) vs. 36 (3044) ng mL(-1); P = 0.002). Logistic regression showed that length of surgery was the only factor clearly influencing peak creatine kinase (P < 0.001; R2 0.7) and myoglobin (P = 0.011; R2 0.41) concentration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Creatine kinase and myoglobin elevation may occur after intracranial neurosurgery. In our series, length of surgery was a risk factor.
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgical Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Università Vita e Salute, S. Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Poli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gemma
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cozzi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lugani
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Germagnoli
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Beretta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009211:Myoglobin / Q000097:blood*; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012206:Rhabdomyolysis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D009211:Myoglobin; D003402:Creatine Kinase