title: The BIGTT test: a novel test for simultaneous measurement of pancreatic beta-cell function, insulin sensitivity, and glucose tolerance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Insulin resistance and impaired beta-cell function are key elements in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. We aimed to develop valid algorithms for estimation of the insulin sensitivity index (S(I)) and acute insulin response (AIR) derived from simple and cheap physiological measurements that could be used in large-scale metabolic, genetic, and epidemiological studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  For our purpose, data from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (18 samples during 240 min) and a tolbutamide-modified intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) (33 samples during 180 min) from 258 individuals with fasting plasma glucose <7 mmol/l and 2-h plasma glucose <7.8 mmol/l were used for model development and internal validation. Data from an additional 28 individuals were used for external validation. Bergman's minimal model was used to calculate S(I), and the trapezoidal method was used to calculate AIR(0-8 min). Multiple linear regression was applied to derive predictive equations of log(S(I)) and log(AIR(0-8 min)) using data on sex, BMI, plasma glucose, and serum insulin levels obtained during the OGTT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We demonstrate that it is possible to obtain estimates of S(I) (BIGTT-S(I)) and AIR (BIGTT-AIR) that are highly correlated to IVGTT-derived values of S(I) (R(2) = 0.77) and AIR (R(2) = 0.54). In the two validation datasets we obtained similar results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data from OGTTs can provide accurate measures of insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function, which can be used in large scale metabolic, genetic, and epidemiological studies.
authors.affiliation: Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensens Vej 2, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark. toha@steno.dk
authors.forename: Torben
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Drivsholm
authors.forename: Søren A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Urhammer
authors.forename: Rene T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Palacios
authors.forename: Aage
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vølund
authors.forename: Knut
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Borch-Johnsen
authors.forename: Oluf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pedersen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014044:Tolbutamide
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D014044:Tolbutamide