title: A case-control study on the etiology of urinary bladder cancer in Istanbul, Turkey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urinary bladder cancer is the third leading cancer in male in Turkey. The incidence rates of bladder cancer are 13.0 and 2.1/100,000 for males and females, respectively, in Turkey. Smoking and occupation are the main causes of urinary bladder cancer. Our goal was to investigate the etiologic factors of urinary bladder cancer in our region to improve our preventive services.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a hospital-based case-control study of patients with bladder cancer and of controls drawn randomly from the acute non-urinary patients of three hospitals in Istanbul. Controls were matched for age, sex, and residence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We interviewed 290 cases and 580 controls. Smoking and occupation were found to be related factors in urinary bladder cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preventive measures should be planned regarding smoking and occupational factors for urinary bladder cancer in Turkey.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Ondokuzmayis University, TR-55139-Samsun, Turkey. fyaris@omu.edu.tr
authors.forename: Fusun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yaris
authors.forename: Mustafa Fevzi
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Dikici
authors.forename: H Hilmi
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Sabuncu
authors.forename: Ersin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yaris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D009790:Occupations; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*