title: Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: experience in 60 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the factors associated with better outcomes in patients undergoing laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN).
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 36 men and 24 women aged 31 to 80 years (mean 60 years) in whom LPN was attempted at our institution over a 3.5-year period. Baseline patient characteristics and operative, pathologic, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. The median duration of follow-up was 14.2 months (range 1-38 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median pathologic tumor size was 2.1 cm (range 0.7-6.0 cm). Final pathologic review revealed renal-cell carcinoma in 73% of patients. Six patients (10%) required conversion to either an open partial nephrectomy or a laparoscopic radical nephrectomy. Dense perinephric adipose tissue in the setting of a small renal tumor and unanticipated multifocal disease were factors associated with surgical conversion. The median overall estimated blood loss was 112 mL, and the median warm-ischemia time was 30 minutes. Blood loss was greater in patients who did not undergo hilar clamping (467 v 65 mL; P = 0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Factors influencing successful LPN outcomes include selecting a tumor commensurate with the surgeon's laparoscopic experience, performing routine hilar clamping, adjunctive use of hemostatic agents, and renal-parenchymal suture ligation. The presence of thick, fibrotic perinephric fat overlying a small tumor increases the technical difficulty.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Gordon A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Surena F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Matin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy; D019990:Perioperative Care; D016896:Treatment Outcome