title: Adiponectin modulates inflammatory reactions via calreticulin receptor-dependent clearance of early apoptotic bodies.
abstract: Obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with chronic inflammation. Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived hormone with antidiabetic and antiinflammatory actions. Here, we demonstrate what we believe to be a previously undocumented activity of adiponectin, facilitating the uptake of early apoptotic cells by macrophages, an essential feature of immune system function. Adiponectin-deficient (APN-KO) mice were impaired in their ability to clear apoptotic thymocytes in response to dexamethasone treatment, and these animals displayed a reduced ability to clear early apoptotic cells that were injected into their intraperitoneal cavities. Conversely, adiponectin administration promoted the clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages in both APN-KO and wild-type mice. Adiponectin overexpression also promoted apoptotic cell clearance and reduced features of autoimmunity in lpr mice whereas adiponectin deficiency in lpr mice led to a further reduction in apoptotic cell clearance, which was accompanied by exacerbated systemic inflammation. Adiponectin was capable of opsonizing apoptotic cells, and phagocytosis of cell corpses was mediated by the binding of adiponectin to calreticulin on the macrophage cell surface. We propose that adiponectin protects the organism from systemic inflammation by promoting the clearance of early apoptotic cells by macrophages through a receptor-dependent pathway involving calreticulin.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Cardiology Unit, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takemura
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ouchi
authors.forename: Rei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Tamar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aprahamian
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Kirber
authors.forename: Ross S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Summer
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kihara
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Walsh
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001483:Base Sequence; D037282:Calreticulin / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D019463:Mice, Inbred MRL lpr; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; C499919:Adipoq protein, mouse; D037282:Calreticulin; D017931:DNA Primers; D011994:Recombinant Proteins