title: Visual adaptation to interocular brightness differences induced by neutral-density filters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interocular brightness differences such as those caused by asymmetrical cataract have been found to have a minimal effect on interocular brightness matches. In the present study, the measured binocular visual response to interocular differences in retinal illuminance was measured over time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interocular differences in retinal illuminance of magnitudes 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 log units were induced using neutral density (ND) filters under two conditions: (1) naturally mobile pupils and (2) with fixed artificial pupils (3 mm). Interocular brightness differences were quantified by measuring interocular brightness matches using the simultaneous interocular brightness sense test every 15 minutes over a 2-hour period in eight visually normal subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Initial interocular brightness matches were as predicted by the induced interocular differences in retinal illuminance (P > 0.05). A significant reduction in the interocular difference in brightness was observed over time (P < 0.01). These reductions in the interocular difference in brightness over time followed a logarithmic progression reaching asymptotic values equal to the reciprocal of the square root of the interocular retinal illuminance ratio. This value is equal to the midpoint of the induced interocular difference in retinal illuminance at time 0 and that found without the introduction of the ND filters. Binocular visual adaptation to interocular brightness differences occurred with both mobile and fixed pupils.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Visual adaptation occurs in response to interocular brightness differences induced by asymmetrical ND filters. The level of visual adaptation can be predicted by Fechner's Paradox and is independent of interocular differences in pupil diameter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vision Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ewen S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: MacMillan
authors.forename: Lyle S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Heron
mesh_terms: D000221:Adaptation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D012160:Retina / Q000528:radiation effects*; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology