[Importance of genetics for health inequalities].
In Germany it has rarely been assessed in a systematic way, if and how genetic disposition and genetic testing are linked to health inequality. The paper aims to be a contribution towards closing this gap. In a first step, it is pointed out that the discussion about potential links between genetic causes of social inequalities has concentrated on issues such as body height and intelligence. It is stressed that, of course, social status is mainly determined socially and not genetically. In the second step, medical benefits of genetic testing are discussed. It can be assumed that low status groups are using these tests less often than high status groups, and that they are less capable of interpreting the results. Tests that can have a positive effect on health could thus lead to an increase of health inequalities. However, empirical studies for testing these hypotheses are hardly available. In the third step, the question is raised whether genetic information could lead to social discrimination (e.g. concerning health insurance, life insurance or employer). According to the current empirical literature, to date, this risk is (still) rather small. Thus, it is stressed that more research is needed, and that already today there is some need for intervention (e.g. concerning equal access to genetic testing, better information of low status groups).
Mielck
Andreas
A
GSF--Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit, Neuherberg, BRD. mielck@gsf.de
Rogowski
W
W
D001827:Body Height / Q000235:genetics; D002965:Classification; D030342:Genetic Diseases, Inborn / Q000235:genetics* / Q000517:prevention & control; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D030661:Genetic Privacy; D005820:Genetic Testing; D005838:Genotype; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007316:Insemination, Artificial, Heterologous; D007360:Intelligence / Q000235:genetics; D009313:National Health Programs; D011287:Prejudice; D015980:Public Health Practice; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014019:Tissue Donors