title: Toxins.
abstract: Exposures to toxins are prevalent, frequently complicate surgical emergencies, and impact critical care. A fundamental understanding of pathophysiologic principles and management strategies is essential for the anesthesiologist frequently responsible for the acute care of patients who have toxicologic exposures. Given their pervasiveness and ability to confound the clinical presentations in the perioperative or intensive care setting, substances of abuse and asphyxiants warrant particular attention and a high degree of vigilance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Section of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 464 Congress Avenue, #260, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. john.sather@yale.edu
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Sather
authors.forename: Hossam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tantawy
mesh_terms: D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D002249:Carbon Monoxide Poisoning / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000506:poisoning; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D003486:Cyanides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000506:poisoning; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000506:poisoning; D008708:Methemoglobinemia / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000628:therapy; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D009892:Opium / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000506:poisoning
chemical_list: D003486:Cyanides; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D009892:Opium; D003042:Cocaine