title: By modulating androgen receptor coactivators, daidzein may act as a phytoandrogen.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To identify the phytoandrogen from phytohormone, we established an assay to assess the androgenicity of phytoestrogens by using androgen receptor (AR) cofactors to modulate the AR transcriptional activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to evaluate the transcriptional activity of AR stimulated by the phytoestrogen daidzein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Dual luciferase data showed that daidzein can enhance androgenic effects in AR negative PC-3 cells cotransfected with AR and AR cofactors. In AR and ARA70 positive LNCaP cells, daidzein can enhance ARA55-mediated induction of AR transcriptional activity. With increasing amounts of transfected ARA55, AR transcriptional activity was enhanced by daidzein in a dose-dependent manner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although daidzein is a phytoestrogen, it can create androgenic effects when cells are cotransfected with AR cofactors. When screening for phytoandrogens, the modulating effects of AR cofactors with AR should be considered in the assay system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, En Chu Kong Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jen-Jih
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hong-Chiang
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; D008297:Male; D056918:Nuclear Receptor Coactivators; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D048789:Phytoestrogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: C410798:AR protein, human; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007529:Isoflavones; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; C111382:NCOA4 protein, human; D056918:Nuclear Receptor Coactivators; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D048789:Phytoestrogens; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; C490351:TGFB1I1 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone; D004958:Estradiol; C004742:daidzein