Update on thyroid eye disease.
Thyroid-associated eye disease is an orbital manifestation of autoimmune thyroid disease. Its treatment, despite recent developments, is still challenging, and complete improvement of functional and/or cosmetic impairement is not always possible. This update tries to give an overview of actual concepts for conservative and surgical management.
Stemberger
Katrin
K
Department of Ophthalmology, Johannes-Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
Kahaly
George J
GJ
Pitz
Susanne
S
D001327:Autoimmune Diseases; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D049970:Graves Ophthalmopathy / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D011878:Radiotherapy
D005938:Glucocorticoids