Effect of macrolide antibiotics on uptake of digoxin into rat liver.
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of macrolide antibiotics, clarithromycin, erythromycin, roxithromycin, josamycin and azithromycin, on the hepatic uptake of digoxin. The uptake of [(3)H]digoxin was studied in rats in vivo, using the tissue-sampling single-injection technique, and in isolated rat hepatocytes in vitro. The uptake of [(3)H]digoxin into rat hepatocytes was concentration-dependent with a Michaelis constant (K(m)) of 445 nM. All the macrolide antibiotics inhibited the uptake of [(3)H]digoxin into rat hepatocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. However, clarithromycin did not affect the in vivo hepatic uptake of digoxin in rats. The in vivo permeability-surface area product of digoxin for hepatic uptake (PS(inf)) was estimated to be 12.5 ml/min/g liver from the present in vitro data, which is far larger than the hepatic blood flow rate (1.4 ml/min/g liver). Macrolide antibiotics at clinically relevant concentrations inhibit digoxin uptake by rat hepatocytes in vitro, but not in vivo, probably because hepatic uptake of digoxin in rats is blood flow-limited. Clinically observed digoxin-macrolide interaction in humans could be due to macrolide inhibition of hepatic digoxin uptake, if the uptake is permeation-limited.
Ito
Suwako
S
Department of Medico-Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
Nasu
Risa
R
Tsujimoto
Masayuki
M
Murakami
Hideyasu
H
Ohtani
Hisakazu
H
Sawada
Yasufumi
Y
D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D001692:Biological Transport; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004077:Digoxin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D015570:Josamycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D018942:Macrolides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D010539:Permeability; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015575:Roxithromycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014018:Tissue Distribution
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D018942:Macrolides; D015575:Roxithromycin; D004917:Erythromycin; D004077:Digoxin; D017963:Azithromycin; D017291:Clarithromycin; D015570:Josamycin