title: The protease inhibitor, Bowman-Birk Inhibitor, suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: a potential oral therapy for multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Available treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS) require frequent injections and have significant side effects. Proteases generated during inflammation are involved in the induction of tissue damage during inflammatory demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS). The Bowman-Birk Inhibitor (BBI), a soy-derived protease inhibitor with anti-carcinogenic and anti-inflammatory properties, has been shown to be well tolerated in clinical trials for pre-cancerous conditions, such as oral leukoplakia and the inflammatory disease, ulcerative colitis. We hypothesized that BBI may modulate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. The BBI concentrate (BBIC), a soybean extract enriched in BBI, was administered to myelin basic protein (MBP)-immunized Lewis rats by gastric gavage in different treatment regimens, during the induction or the effector phase of disease. BBIC significantly delayed disease onset and suppressed disease severity, clinically and pathologically, in all treatment protocols. Both in vitro and ex vivo, BBIC inhibited MBP-specific proliferation of lymph node cells. BBIC reduced the activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 in spleen cell supernatants and was detected in the CNS of treated rats. BBIC suppresses EAE, it can be administered orally, and it is safe and relatively inexpensive. It may have a therapeutic role in patients with MS.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Neurology, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK. bruno.gran@nottingham.ac.uk
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gran
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tabibzadeh
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Ventura
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ware
authors.forename: G X
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Parr
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Rostami
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division / Q000276:immunology; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D018093:Gelatinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D018942:Macrolides / Q000494:pharmacology; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D014358:Trypsin Inhibitor, Bowman-Birk Soybean / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014361:Trypsin Inhibitors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D018942:Macrolides; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein; D014358:Trypsin Inhibitor, Bowman-Birk Soybean; D014361:Trypsin Inhibitors; C036978:concanamycin A; D018093:Gelatinases