title: Three-dimensional sonography of muscle hernias.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Muscle hernias through a defect in the fascia can be subtle and difficult to see on 2-dimensional (2D) scans. We describe the appearance of muscle hernias on 3-dimensional (3D) sonographic multiplanar scans and 3D rendering.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two patients were examined with a 2D linear 5- to 12-MHz probe. The questionable area was scanned with a 5- to 12-MHz linear 3D transducer. Multiplanar reconstruction and 3D rendering were performed to show the hernia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both cases, the muscle hernia was small and subtle on 2D scans but became slightly more prominent on examination after the muscle was exercised. In both patients, the hernias were very obvious on 3D scans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Symptomatic muscle hernias may sometimes be very small and difficult to see on 2D scans. Three-dimensional rendering shows the hernia very well.
authors.affiliation: Choithram Hospital and Research Centre, Indore, India. sudheergokhale@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Sudheer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gokhale
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006547:Hernia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*