title: In vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma and its early response to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the value of in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in the assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and monitor its metabolic change shortly after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective study, 28 consecutive patients with large HCC (> or = 3 cm in diameter) confirmed by fine needle aspiration biopsy were recruited. The 1H MRS of all hepatic lesions and some uninvolved liver parenchyma were performed with 1. 5T whole body MR scanner. Among them, 15 cases were evaluated again about one week after TACE. The main metabolites such as choline and lipid before and after interventional therapy were measured to assess the early response of the tumor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The technical success rate of 1H MRS in liver was high (33/41, 80%), closely related to breath motion, location of lesion, and size of voxel. In spectra, the choline compound peak of HCC elevated compared with uninvolved liver parenchyma. After TACE, both the amplitude and the area of choline resonance peak significantly descended (choline-to-lipid ratios from 0.352 +/- 0.080 to 0.167 +/- 0.030, P = 0.026; from 0.205 +/- 0.060 to 0.070 +/-0.020, P = 0.042, respectively); yet lipid resonance peak ascended.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vivo 1H MRS is technically feasible for the evaluation of large focal hepatic lesions, however, the reproducibility and stability are not as good as routine MR scan. 1H MRS can monitor the early stage metabolic changes of HCC after TACE but limitation like quantification still exists.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Wei-Jun
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Pei-Jun
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ya-Jia
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Wen-Tao
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Liang-Pin
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Guo-Ming
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Zhong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D004317:Doxorubicin; C027260:pirarubicin; D002945:Cisplatin