title: Adjuvant therapy for high-risk renal cell carcinoma patients.
abstract: For most cases of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the standard of care is surgical resection as monotherapy or as part of a multimodal approach. In patients with early localized disease, radical nephrectomy is associated with a favorable prognosis, whereas patients with advanced disease are rarely cured. A significant number of patients undergoing surgery for localized RCC experience recurrence, suggesting that there are some individuals in whom surgical excision is necessary but insufficient. In these patients, the development of effective adjuvant strategies is imperative. In this article, we review the prognostic variables and comprehensive staging algorithms for identifying patients at high risk for disease recurrence. Additionally, we review data from completed adjuvant RCC trials and highlight relevant ongoing trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urologic Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA. R_Uzzo@FCCC.edu
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Kunkle
authors.forename: Naomi B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Uzzo
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods; D049451:Nomograms; D011379:Prognosis; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis