title: Structural features and complement-fixing activity of pectin from three Brassica oleracea varieties: white cabbage, kale, and red kale.
abstract: Leaves of different cabbage species are used both as food and as wound healing remedies in traditional medicine. This supposed wound healing activity might be connected to presence of immunomodulating water soluble polysaccharides. To study this, three different cabbage varieties, white cabbage (W), kale (K), and red kale (RK), were pretreated with 80% ethanol and then extracted with water at 50 degrees C and 100 degrees C for isolation of polysaccharide-containing fractions. The fractions were analyzed for monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkages, Mw distribution, protein content, and phenolic compounds and then tested for complement-fixing activity. All fractions contained pectin type polysaccharides with linkages corresponding to homogalacturonan and hairy regions. Those extracted at 50 degrees C contained higher amounts of neutral side chains and were more active in the complement-fixation test than those extracted at 100 degrees C. The fractions can be ranged by decreasing activity: K-50 > RK-50 > W-50 approximately = K-100 > RK100 approximately = W-100. Studies on structure-activity relationships (SAR) employing multivariate statistical analysis strongly suggest that the magnitude of the measured activity is influenced by the content of certain side chains in the polymers. High activity correlates to large neutral side chains with high amounts of (1-->6)- and (1-->3,6)-linked Gal and low amounts of (1-->4)-linked GalA but not on molecular weight distribution of the polymers.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmacognosy, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. a.b.samuelsen@farmasi.uio.no
authors.forename: Anne Berit
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Samuelsen
authors.forename: Bjørge
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Westereng
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yousif
authors.forename: Ann Katrin
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Holtekjølen
authors.forename: Terje E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Michaelsen
authors.forename: Svein H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Knutsen
mesh_terms: D001937:Brassica / Q000737:chemistry*; D003168:Complement Fixation Tests; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005690:Galactose; D010368:Pectins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology*; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D010368:Pectins; D003165:Complement System Proteins; D005690:Galactose