title: Self-bonding polymers as surface coatings of restorative resins to prevent staining.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Discoloration caused by staining of resin restorations can pose a serious esthetic problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a self-bonding polymer (KISSCARE) in reducing extrinsic stains in an in vitro study model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six specimen disks were prepared using a composite resin (Vitalescence: shade A2 and A4), and divided into three experimental groups with different surface coatings: Group 1--Control (no coating); Group 2--Self-bonding polymer (SBP; KISSCARE Concentrated Gel), and Group 3--Composite Sealer (PermaSeal). These groups were further divided into Brushing and Non-brushing subgroups. The specimens in the Brushing groups were brushed daily with 40 strokes in two directions at a 90-degree angle using a toothbrush. Specimens were immersed in a coffee solution at 37 degrees C in a dark environment for 10 days. The color changes of each group were quantitatively measured using a spectrophotometer. Means and standard deviations were calculated, and data were analyzed using ANOVA/Scheffe post-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SBP group showed less color change compared to the Control and the Sealer groups (p < 0.05). The Sealer group resulted in greater discoloration compared to the Control and the SBP group (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Application of self-bonding polymers was an effective method of surface coating in reducing staining of restorative resins, especially in the absence of brushing procedures.
authors.affiliation: Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. sang_park@hsdm.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Sang E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hans-Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Shigemi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishikawa-Nagai
mesh_terms: D003124:Colorimetry / Q000379:methods; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers