title: Lowering communication barriers in operating room technology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper examines the effects of new technology on team communication and information flow in a complex work environment, and offers design suggestions for improved team performance.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Case study of a robot-assisted cholecystectomy procedure revealed teamwork disruption and an increase in the complexity of information flow and communication in the operating room as a result of the novel technology. A controlled experiment using a between-subjects design was conducted to test the hypothesis that providing critical information in a timely and accessible manner would increase communication efficiency and reduce errors in task performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen pairs of participants took part in a simulated tool-changing task in surgery under one of three communication conditions: (a) no rules, (b) scripted, or (c) automated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Teams in the scripted and automated conditions performed significantly faster than the no-rules teams (p < .05). Teams in the automated condition made significantly more errors than those in the scripted condition (p < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Scripted speech can facilitate team communication and adaptation to new technology; automatic information display interfaces are not useful if the modality is incompatible with operator expectations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Information displays and communication protocols can be designed to ease adaptation to complex operating room technology.
authors.affiliation: Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.forename: Caroline G L
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002763:Cholecystectomy; D003144:Communication Barriers; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D006801:Humans; D009873:Operating Rooms; D012371:Robotics; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D000078329:Workforce