title: A double-blind placebo-controlled study to establish the bifidogenic dose of inulin in healthy humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the bifidogenic efficacy of two inulin doses in healthy human adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover human study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Food Microbial Sciences Unit, The University of Reading, Reading, UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty healthy volunteers, 15 men, 15 women (age range 19-35).
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects consumed a chocolate drink containing placebo (maltodextrin, 8 g/day), 5 g/day inulin and 8 g/day inulin for a 2-week treatment period. Each treatment was followed by a 1-week washout at the end of which volunteers progressed to the next treatment. Faecal samples were obtained at the start of the study (baseline) and at the end of each treatment and washout period. Fluorescent in situ hybridization was used to monitor populations of Bifidobacterium genus, Bacteroides - Prevotella, Lactobacillus - Enterococcus and Clostridium perfringens - histolyticum subgroup.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bifidobacterial levels increased significantly upon ingestion of both the low (9.78+/-0.29 log(10) cells/g faeces, P<0.05) and the high inulin dose (9.79+/-0.38 log(10) cells/g faeces, P=0.05) compared to placebo (9.64+/-0.23 log(10) cells/g faeces).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both inulin doses exhibited a bifidogenic effect but a higher volunteer percentage responded to the high dose. A dose response effect was not observed but the magnitude of increase in bifidobacteria levels depended on their initial numbers. The higher the initial concentrations the smaller was the increase upon ingestion of the active treatments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Biosciences, Food Microbial Sciences Unit, The University of Reading, Reading, UK. s.kolida@reading.ac.uk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kolida
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Gibson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007444:Inulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D019936:Probiotics
chemical_list: D007444:Inulin