title: Proteinuria as a significant determinant of hypertension in a normotensive screened cohort in Okinawa, Japan.
abstract: To evaluate the influence of proteinuria on the development of hypertension in normotensive screened subjects. We studied 4,428 normotensive subjects without heart disease (2888 men, 1540 women, age 19-89 years) who were participants in a 1-day health evaluation in both 1997 and 2000. The 3-year frequency of developing hypertension was 6.0% in subjects without proteinuria, and 13.5% in subjects with proteinuria. The odds ratio for developing hypertension by age (year) increased approximately 1.6%. Obesity was associated with an approximately 40% increased risk of hypertension; proteinuria increased the risk of hypertension 2-fold. Proteinuria was a significant predictor of developing hypertension. Age, obesity, and initial blood pressure level also contributed to the development of hypertension. In conclusion, proteinuria is a powerful predictor of developing hypertension. Age and obesity are also associated with increased risk of hypertension. Lifestyle modification might thus be necessary, particularly in subjects with proteinuria.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Heart Life Hospital, Okinawa, Japan. imtak-ryk@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Kunitoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iseki
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Higashiuesato
authors.forename: Kazufumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagahama
authors.forename: Mitsuteru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.forename: Chiho
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iseki
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohya
authors.forename: Kozen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kinjo
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takishita
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology*; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000150:complications*; D012307:Risk Factors