title: Protective role for nitric oxide during the endoplasmic reticulum stress response in pancreatic beta-cells.
abstract: Higher requirements for disulfide bond formation in professional secretory cells may affect intracellular redox homeostasis, particularly during an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. To assess this hypothesis, we investigated the effects of the ER stress response on the major redox couple (GSH/GSSG), endogenous ROS production, expression of genes involved in ER oxidative protein folding, general antioxidant defense, and thiol metabolism by use of the well-validated MIN6 beta-cell as a model and mouse islets. The data revealed that glucose concentration-dependent decreases in the GSH/GSSG ratio were further decreased significantly by ER-derived oxidative stress induced by inhibiting ER-associated degradation with the specific proteasome inhibitor lactacystin (10 microM) in mouse islets. Notably, minimal cell death was observed during 12-h treatments. This was likely attributed to the upregulation of genes encoding the rate limiting enzyme for glutathione synthesis (gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase), as well as genes involved in antioxidant defense (glutathione peroxidase, peroxiredoxin-1) and ER protein folding (Grp78/BiP, PDI, Ero1). Gene expression and reporter assays with a NO synthase inhibitor (Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, 1-10 mM) indicated that endogenous NO production was essential for the upregulation of several ER stress-responsive genes. Specifically, gel shift analyses demonstrate NO-independent binding of the transcription factor NF-E2-related factor to the antioxidant response element Gclc-ARE4 in MIN6 cells. However, endogenous NO production was necessary for activation of Gclc-ARE4-driven reporter gene expression. Together, these data reveal a distinct protective role for NO during the ER stress response, which helps to dissipate ROS and promote beta-cell survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA.
authors.forename: Kajorn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitiphongspattana
authors.forename: Tarannum A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishii-Schrade
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Roe
authors.forename: Louis H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Philipson
authors.forename: H Rex
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Gaskins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D019610:Cytoprotection / Q000502:physiology*; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism*; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D015870:Gene Expression; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D005721:Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors; D017510:Protein Folding; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; C000717248:Hspa5 protein, mouse; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D005721:Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase; D005978:Glutathione; D005947:Glucose; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide