title: Nursing management and organizational ethics in the intensive care unit.
abstract: This article describes organizational ethics issues involved in nursing management of an intensive care unit. The intensive care team and medical center management have the dual responsibility to create an ethical environment in which to provide optimum patient care. Addressing organizational ethics is key to creating that ethical environment in the intensive care unit. During the past 15-20 yrs, increasing costs in health care, competitive markets, the effect of high technology, and global business changes have set the stage for business and healthcare organizational conflicts that affect the ethical environment. Studies show that critical care nurses experience moral distress and are affected by the ethical climate of both the intensive care unit and the larger organization. Thus, nursing moral distress may result in problems related to recruitment and retention of staff. Other issues with organizational ethics ramifications that may occur in the intensive care unit include patient safety issues (including those related to disruptive behavior), intensive care unit leadership style, research ethics, allocation of resources, triage, and other economic issues. Current organizational ethics conflicts are discussed, a professional practice model is described, and multidisciplinary recommendations are put forth.
authors.affiliation: Quality Management, Carl T. Hayden Veterans Administration Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Ginger Schafer
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Wlody
mesh_terms: D026690:Ethics, Clinical; D004991:Ethics, Institutional; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000941:ethics* / Q000458:organization & administration*; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000941:ethics* / Q000458:organization & administration*; D015279:Organizational Culture; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000941:ethics / Q000458:organization & administration; D012449:Safety