title: Enhancement of fluoride release from glass ionomer cement following a coating of silver fluoride.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study investigated the extent to which a coating of 10% silver fluoride (AgF) on discs of glass jonomer cements (GIGs) would enhance the release of fluoride ion into eluting solutions at varying pH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty discs each of Fuji LX, Fuji VII and of Vitrebond were prepared in a plastic mould. Twenty discs of each material were coated for 30 seconds with a 10% solution of AgF. Five discs each of coated and uncoated material were placed individually in 4m1 of differing eluant solutions. The eluant solutions comprised deionized distilled water (DDW) and three separate acetate buffered solutions at pH 7, pH 5 and pH 3. After 30 minutes the discs were removed and placed in five vials containing 4m1 of the various solutions for a further 30 minutes. This was repeated for further intervals of time up to 216 hours, and all eluant solutions were stored. Fluoride concentrations in the eluant solutions were estimated using a fluoride specific electrode, with TISAB IV as a metal ion complexing and ionic concentration adjustment agent. Cumulative fluoride release patterns were determined from the incremental data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The coating of AgF greatly enhanced the level of fluoride ion release from all materials tested. Of the uncoated samples, Vitrehond released the greater concentrations of fluoride ion, followed by Fuji VII. However, cumulative levels of fluoride released from coated samples of the GICs almost matched those from coated Vitrebond.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that a coating of 10% AgF on GICs and a resin modified GIC greatly enhanced the concentration of fluoride released from these materials. This finding might be applied to improving protection against recurrent caries, particularly in high caries risk patients, and in the atraumatic restorative technique (ART) of restoration placement.
authors.affiliation: Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ariffin
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ngo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McIntyre
mesh_terms: D001129:Argyria / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D005459:Fluorides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D005882:Gingival Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D017736:Ion-Selective Electrodes; D007477:Ions; D011193:Potassium Iodide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D018030:Silver Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects; D014075:Tooth Discoloration
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; C493186:Fuji VII; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D007477:Ions; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D018030:Silver Compounds; C110713:fuji IX; C067790:Vitrabond; D011193:Potassium Iodide; C105022:silver fluoride; D005459:Fluorides