title: Peptidoglycan recognition proteins with amidase activity in early deuterostomes (Echinodermata).
abstract: Despite the ecological and evolutionary importance of echinoderms, very little is known about the immune mechanisms in this group especially regarding humoral immunity. In this paper, we screened for proteins putatively involved in immunity in the common European seastar Asterias rubens using a mass spectrometry-based proteomic approach. Two proteins showed striking sequence similarities with peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs). The two seastar proteins were identified as a single protein, termed PGRP-S1a, occurring in two forms in the coelomic plasma, one of 20kDa and another of 22kDa. We also cloned and sequenced a second member of the PGRP family, termed PGRP-S2a. It has a calculated molecular mass of 21.3kDa and is expressed in circulating phagocytes. Both the S1a-cDNA from coelomic epithelium RNA and the S2a-cDNA from phagocytes code for the amino acid residues necessary for peptidoglycan degradation. PGRP-S1a did not affect the phagocytic activity of seastar immune cells towards Micrococcus luteus but inhibited their production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A recombinant, His-tagged, PGRP-S2a degrades peptidoglycan and increases the phagocytosis of M. luteus cells by seastar phagocytes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biologie Marine (CP 160/15), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 Av. F. D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium.
authors.forename: Geoffroy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Coteur
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mellroth
authors.forename: Coline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Lefortery
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gillan
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dubois
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Communi
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Steiner
mesh_terms: D000581:Amidohydrolases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D047271:Asterias / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D016982:Micrococcus luteus; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis; D011485:Protein Binding; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D010457:Peptidoglycan; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C118897:peptidoglycan recognition protein; D000581:Amidohydrolases