title: Techniques of biliary drainage for acute cholecystitis: Tokyo Guidelines.
abstract: The principal management of acute cholecystitis is early cholecystectomy. However, percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) may be preferable for patients with moderate (grade II) or severe (grade III) acute cholecystitis. For patients with moderate (grade II) disease, PTGBD should be applied only when they do not respond to conservative treatment. For patients with severe (grade III) disease, PTGBD is recommended with intensive care. Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder aspiration (PTGBA) is a simple alternative drainage method with fewer complications; however, its clinical usefulness has been shown only by case-series studies. To clarify the clinical value of these drainage methods, proper randomized trials should be done. This article describes techniques of drainage for acute cholecystitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuyuguchi
authors.forename: Tadahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
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authors.lastname: Kawarada
authors.forename: Yuji
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authors.lastname: Nimura
authors.forename: Keita
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authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Masato
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authors.lastname: Nagino
authors.forename: Toshihiko
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authors.lastname: Mayumi
authors.forename: Masahiro
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authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Fumihiko
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authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Atsushi
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authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Masahiko
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authors.lastname: Hirota
authors.forename: Koichi
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authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: Hideki
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authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Yasutoshi
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authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Horst
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authors.lastname: Neuhaus
authors.forename: Steven
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authors.lastname: Strasberg
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pitt
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Belghiti
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Belli
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Windsor
authors.forename: Miin-Fu
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Sun-Whe
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dervenis
mesh_terms: D041881:Cholecystitis, Acute / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods*; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D014041:Tokyo; D014463:Ultrasonography