title: Implications of oral Helicobacter pylori for the outcome of its gastric eradication therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an important pathogen in gastritis, peptic ulcer and possibly gastric cancer, but several questions remain unanswered. Particularly how the organism is transmitted and what is the relationship between oral presence of H. pylori and the gastric infection. Accordingly, we aimed to characterize the H. pylori in oral cavity and to evaluate its relationship to gastric H. pylori infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Out of total 100 screened for H. pylori infection female subjects (40 to 85 y), 49 patients (pts), who had positive C-urea breath test (UBT) and dyspeptic symptoms, agreed for 1 week regimen of triple anti-H. pylori therapy. The presence of H. pylori in oral cavity was assessed using bacterial culture from saliva and gingival pockets. Gastric H. pylori infection was estimated using capsulated C-urea breath test and plasma anti-H. pylori IgG and saliva IgA antibodies. In addition, plasma gastrin, ghrelin, and pepsinogen I were measured by radioimmunoassay. In selected patients, gastroscopy was additionally performed and gastric biopsy samples were taken for H. pylori random amplification of polymorphic DNA genetic profiling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The triple therapy resulted in gastric H. pylori eradication in 79% pts, along with significant decrease of plasma gastrin combined with an increase in plasma ghrelin and pepsinogen I (PgI) levels and a marked alleviation of dyspeptic symptoms. In contrast to gastric effects, the eradication therapy failed to cause any changes in the presence of H. pylori in oral cavity. Moreover no relationship was observed between the presence of H. pylori in oral cavity and the gastric H. pylori eradication. In line with these findings, no relationship between gastric and oral H. pylori was found using genetic profiling by random amplification of polymorphic DNA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  H. pylori was detected both in the oral cavity and the stomach but oral H. pylori had no relation to gastric H. pylori and remained unaffected by eradication of gastric H. pylori.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Czesnikiewicz-Guzik
authors.forename: Bartłomiej
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Loster
authors.forename: Wladyslaw
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bielanski
authors.forename: Tomasz J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Guzik
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Konturek
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zapala
authors.forename: Stanisław J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Konturek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005755:Gastrins / Q000097:blood; D054439:Ghrelin; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology*; D020116:Pepsinogen A / Q000097:blood; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000097:blood; D019105:Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; D013270:Stomach / Q000382:microbiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005755:Gastrins; D054439:Ghrelin; D036361:Peptide Hormones; D020116:Pepsinogen A