title: GSTT2 promoter polymorphisms and colorectal cancer risk.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glutathione S-transferases are a group of enzymes that participate in detoxification and defense mechanisms against toxic carcinogens and other compounds. These enzymes play an important role in human carcinogenesis. In the present study, we sought to determine whether GSTT2 promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with colorectal cancer risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 436 colorectal cancer patients and 568 healthy controls were genotyped for three GSTT2 promoter SNPs (-537G>A, -277T>C and -158G>A), using real-time TaqMan assay and direct sequencing. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was performed to determine the effects of polymorphisms on protein binding to the GSTT2 promoter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The -537A allele (-537G/A or A/A) was significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk (OR = 1.373, p = 0.025), while the -158A allele (-158G/A or A/A) was involved in protection against colorectal cancer (OR = 0.539, p = 0.032). Haplotype 2 (-537A, -277T, -158G) was significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk (OR = 1.386, p = 0.021), while haplotype 4 (-537G, -277C, -158A) protected against colorectal cancer (OR = 0.539, p = 0.032). EMSA data revealed lower promoter binding activity in the -537A allele than its -537G counterpart.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results collectively suggest that SNPs and haplotypes of the GSTT2 promoter region are associated with colorectal cancer risk in the Korean population.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute and Cancer Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. jangsg@gmail.com <jangsg@gmail.com>
authors.forename: Sang-Geun
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Il-Jin
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hio Chung
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Hye-Won
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sun-A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Hyun-Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hai-Rim
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Jin Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jae-Gahb
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C491107:GSTT2 protein, human; D005982:Glutathione Transferase