title: Critical care medicine use and cost among Medicare beneficiaries 1995-2000: major discrepancies between two United States federal Medicare databases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A comparison of federal Medicare databases to identify critical care medicine (CCM) use, cost discrepancies, and their possible causes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 6-yr (1995-2000) retrospective analysis of Medicare hospital and CCM use and cost, comparing the Hospital Cost Report Information System (HCRIS) with Medicare Provider Analysis and Review File (MedPAR) supplemented when necessary by Health Care Information System (HCIS) (identified herein as MedPAR/HCIS).
  
  
  METHODS
  All nonfederal U.S. hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data are presented as days (M = million) and costs ($; B = Billion) for both hospitals and CCM. Between 1995 and 2000, the number of hospital days decreased in both databases: HCRIS (-13.2%; 78M to 67.7M) and MedPAR/HCIS (-14.1%; 82.8M to 71.1M). CCM days decreased in HCRIS (-4.6%; 8.3M to 7.9M). In contrast, CCM days increased in MedPAR/HCIS (7.2%; 13.9M to 14.9M). The discrepancy in CCM days between HCRIS and MedPAR/HCIS increased from 40% (5.6M days) in 1995 to 47% (7M days) in 2000. Two CCM billing codes (intensive care unit and coronary care unit "post/intermediate") used in MedPAR/HCIS were responsible for 73% on average per year, over the study period, for this CCM discrepancy. The use of these two codes progressively increased (44%; 3.9M to 5.6M days) by the end of the study. The cumulative 6-yr discrepancy in CCM days between HCRIS and MedPAR/HCIS (37.3M days) had a calculated cost of $92.3B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have identified major, and progressively increasing, discrepancies between two U.S. federal databases tabulating hospital and CCM use and cost for Medicare beneficiaries. Two CCM "post/intermediate" billing codes in MedPAR/HCIS were predominantly responsible for the CCM discrepancy. To accurately assess Medicare CCM use and cost, either HCRIS, or MedPAR/HCIS without the "post/intermediate" codes, should be used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Neil A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Halpern
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Pastores
authors.forename: Howard T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Thaler
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Greenstein
mesh_terms: D015982:Bias; D003325:Coronary Care Units / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003422:Critical Care / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017721:Hospital Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007380:Intermediate Care Facilities / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006278:Medicare / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States; D014600:Utilization Review / Q000706:statistics & numerical data