title: Serum and urinary cytokine homeostasis and renal tubular function in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the relationships between tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and the function of renal proximal tubules in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six children with DM1 and 35 healthy controls were analyzed. We measured NAG (A and B isoforms) in urine as well as serum TNFalpha and urinary IL-6.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The children with DM1 with microalbuminuria (group A) had significantly higher urinary IL-6 and serum TNFa than the children without microalbuminuria (group B). The diabetic patients with no sign of nephropathy showed significantly higher TNFalpha and NAG and its A and B isoforms in urine compared to the healthy group. Additionally, groups A and B both showed a positive significant correlation between serum TNFalpha and urinary isoform B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From our pilot results it appears that TNFalpha might be a sensitive marker of damage to the renal proximal tubules occurring prior to microalbuminuria. Conversely, the increase in NAG and its isoform B activity in patients with no clinical sign of diabetic nephropathy may indicate the onset of microalbuminuria.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pediatrics, Hematology, Oncology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland. mysliwiec@amg.gda.pl
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Myśliwiec
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Balcerska
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zorena
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Myśliwska
authors.forename: Beata S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Lipska
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wiśniewski
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Myśliwski
mesh_terms: D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase / Q000652:urine*; D000293:Adolescent; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000652:urine*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007527:Isoenzymes; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase