title: French adaptation and validation of the helping alliance questionnaires for child, parents, and therapist.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To adapt the Helping Alliance Questionnaires for Child and Parents (HAQ-CP) into French and to assess their validity and reproducibility for use with the child, parent, and therapist.
  
  
  METHODS
  First, the 3 US versions of the questionnaires were translated into French by 3 French-English bilingual translators (who were native speakers), and the translations were then discussed by an expert committee to ensure that the concept explored within the French context was efficiently targeted. Second, the psychometric properties of the French version were investigated in a cross-sectional, multicentre study. The questionnaires were completed by 148 children and adolescents, aged 9 years or older and with various conditions, who were followed in 3 university hospital outpatient clinics and 2 ambulatory psychiatry units, and also by their parents and therapists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The instruments were quick and easy to administer, and acceptability was good. All 3 versions proved unidimensional in factorial analysis (80% of variance was explained) with high internal construct validity (Cronbach's alpha = 0.8). Reproducibility was satisfactory (intraclass correlation coefficients were as follows: child, 0.84; parent, 0.84; and therapist, 0.87). Concordance of the 3 alliance assessments was moderate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work provides child psychiatrists with a valid measure of the therapeutic alliance. Its predictive value, while recognized in adults, remains to be demonstrated in children.
authors.affiliation: Service de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, CHU Nancy, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Solenn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kermarrec
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kabuth
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bursztejn
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guillemin
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D011368:Professional-Family Relations; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014177:Translations