title: Advances in celiac disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increasing numbers of atypical or asymptomatic cases of celiac disease are being diagnosed. This review aims to summarize recent critical research in celiac disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alternative candidate genes outside of the human leukocyte antigen complex continue to be identified, whilst innate and adaptive immune responses to key gliadin epitopes are now both recognized to be important in celiac disease pathogenesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serological tests and small bowel biopsy remain the cornerstones of diagnosis. Treatment options other than the restrictive gluten-free diet remain limited.
authors.affiliation: Academic Medical Unit, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: Darren
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: Gerry
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Robins
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Howdle
mesh_terms: D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D015995:Prevalence; D012698:Serologic Tests