title: Vitreal penetration of oral and topical moxifloxacin in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the vitreal penetration of moxifloxacin after oral and topical administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, nonrandomized clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four patients were assigned to one of four dosing groups: control (n = 3), which received no medication; oral (n = 8), which received two 400 mg oral doses of moxifloxacin before surgery; topical (n = 8), which received one drop of topical moxifloxacin 0.5% every 15 minutes for the hour preceding surgery; and combined (n = 5), which received two 400 mg oral doses and one drop of topical moxifloxacin 0.5% hourly for 18 hours prior to surgery. Vitreous samples were obtained and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Control, below quantifiable levels; oral, 1.553 +/- 0.33 microg/ml; topical, 0.027 microg/ml; and combined, 2.219 +/- 0.71 microg/ml. One topical patient developed postoperative endophthalmitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to topical moxifloxacin, oral moxifloxacin achieves significant levels in the noninflamed human vitreous.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.forename: McGregor N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Lott
authors.forename: Nathanael M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Henson
authors.forename: Asmaa A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bhatti
authors.forename: Harinderjit
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McGwin
authors.forename: Dennis M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Marcus
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011804:Quinolines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014821:Vitrectomy; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001372:Aza Compounds; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D011804:Quinolines; D000077266:Moxifloxacin