title: Poor prognosis of heart transplant patients with end-stage renal failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal failure (ESRF) are major complications after a heart transplant. The aim of this study is to compare survival in heart transplant (HT) vs non-heart transplant (non-HT) patients starting dialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survival was studied among the 539 newly dialysed patients between 1 January 1995 and 31 December 2005 in our Department. All patients were prospectively followed from the date of first dialysis up to death or 31 December 2005. Multivariate survival analysis adjusted on baseline characteristics was performed with the Cox model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 21 HT patients and they were younger than non-HT patients at first dialysis: 58.6+/-11.6 vs 63.0+/-16.2 years (P=0.09). Calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity was the main cause of ESRF in HT patients (47.6%). Crude 1, 3 and 5-year survival rates in HT and in non-HT patients were as follows: 76.2%, 57.1%, 28.6% and 79.1%, 58.7%, 46.7% (P=0.2). The adjusted hazard ratio of death in HT vs non-HT patients was 2.27 [1.33-3.87], P=0.003. Sudden death was the main cause of death in HT patients, in 33.3% vs 10.4% in non-HT patients (P=0.01). Five HT patients benefited from renal transplant. They were all alive at the end of the study period, while one patient among the 16 remaining on dialysis survived.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HT patients with CKD who reached ESRF have a poor outcome after starting dialysis in comparison with other ESRF patients. Improvement in renal function management in the case of CKD is needed in these patients and non-nephrotoxic immunosuppressive regimens have to be evaluated. Renal transplant should be the ESRF treatment of choice in HT patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon Sud Hospital, Claude Bernard University, France. emmanuel.villar@chu-lyon.fr
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Villar
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boissonnat
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sebbag
authors.forename: Achraf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hendawy
authors.forename: Rémi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cahen
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Trolliet
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Labeeuw
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ecochard
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pouteil-Noble
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis