title: Macrophage depletion alters the blood-nerve barrier without affecting Schwann cell function after neural injury.
abstract: Previous work has shown that, during the early phases of chronic nerve compression (CNC) injury, axonal pathology is absent while Schwann cells undergo a dramatic process of cellular turnover with marked proliferation. It is known that macrophages may release Schwann cell mitogens, so we sought to explore the role of macrophages in CNC injury by selectively depleting the population of hematogenously derived macrophages in nerves undergoing CNC injury by injecting clodronate liposomes at days 1, 3, and 6 postinjury and evaluating both the integrity of the blood-nerve barrier (BNB) and Schwann cell function. Integrity of the BNB was evaluated by intravenously injecting Evans blue albumin (EBA), and Schwann cell number was determined via stereologic techniques. The BNB was clearly altered by 2 weeks postinjury and continued to disintegrate at later time points. Macrophage depletion attenuated this response at all observed time points. Quantification of Schwann cell nuclei in CNC nerves showed no differences between compressed sections of macrophage-depleted and nondepleted animals. Although macrophages are largely responsible for the increased vascular permeability associated with CNC injury, it is likely that the Schwann cell response to CNC injury is not influenced by macrophage-derived mitogenic signals but rather must be mediated via alternative mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Winnie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Palispis
authors.forename: Phillip G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Popovich
authors.forename: Nico
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: van Rooijen
authors.forename: Ranjan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D049428:Blood-Nerve Barrier / Q000503:physiopathology*; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002452:Cell Count / Q000379:methods; D004002:Clodronic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D053331:Ectodysplasins / Q000378:metabolism; D007211:Indoles; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012583:Schwann Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D020426:Sciatic Neuropathy / Q000473:pathology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D053331:Ectodysplasins; D007211:Indoles; D009418:S100 Proteins; D004002:Clodronic Acid; C007293:DAPI