title: Impact of additive noise on system performance of a digital X-ray imaging system.
abstract: The impact of additive noise on the performance of a digital X-ray imaging system was investigated. The X-ray system is uniquely designed for small animal studies with a focal spot of 20 microm and an adjustable source-to-object distance for radiography. The noise power spectrum and the detective quantum efficiency of this system were measured. The additive noise increased rapidly when the exposure time exceeded a certain range, since the charge-coupled devices of the detector had no cooling system. The noise power spectrum for the additive noise and the noise of the entire imaging system were studied and compared at different exposure times. The detective quantum efficiency was also measured at different exposure times. It was observed that for exposure times less than 10 s, the detective quantum efficiency ((DQE)(0)) is approximately 0.26, dropping to 0.13 at 4 lp/mm and to 0.026 at 8 lp/mm. However, when the exposure exceeds a certain limit (10 s in this study), the rapidly increased additive noise caused the system to be no longer quantum noise limited, resulting in a decreased detective quantum efficiency and a degraded system performance. For example, at an exposure of 20 s, the DQE(O) is approximately 0.22, dropping to 0.11 at 3 lp/mm and to 0.022 at 8 lp/mm.
authors.affiliation: Center for Bioengineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
authors.forename: Da
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rong
authors.forename: Wei R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Kexin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xizeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016477:Artifacts; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity