title: Post-resuscitation haemodynamics in a novel acute myocardial infarction cardiac arrest model in the pig.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although a considerable amount of promising experimental research has been performed on cardiopulmonary resuscitation, clinical data indicate an ongoing limited outcome in human beings. One reason for this discrepancy could be that experimental studies use healthy animals whereas most human beings undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation suffer from acute or chronic myocardial dysfunction. To overcome this problem, we sought to develop a new model of myocardial infarction, that is easy to perform in all kind of laboratories and compromises on the myocardial function significantly.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following approval by the local authorities, 14 domestic pigs were instrumented for measurement of arterial, central venous, left atrial and left ventricular pressures. Myocardial infarction was induced in eight pigs by clipping the circumflex artery close to its origin from the left coronary artery (infarction group; n = 8). Six animals (no infarction group, n = 6) served as no-infarct controls. Following a 4-min period of cardiac arrest, internal cardiac massage was performed in these two groups, and haemodynamics were recorded during the first 30 min of reperfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All animals were resuscitated successfully. Compared to the no-infarction group, the infarction group showed significantly decreased myocardial contractility, coronary perfusion pressure and cardiac index (30 min after restoration of spontaneous circulation: infarction group: 57 +/- 7 and 89 +/- 19 mL min-1 kg-1 in the no-infarction group; mean +/- SD; P < 0.05) during reperfusion. Two animals from the infarction group (25%), but none of the animals in the no-infarction group, died during the reperfusion period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate that clipping of the circumflex artery leads to a reduced myocardial performance after successful resuscitation, whereas the rate of restoration of spontaneous circulation is not reduced. Therefore, this set-up provides a reproducible model for future studies of post-resuscitation haemodynamics and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Anaesthesiology, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Palmaers
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Albrecht
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leuthold
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Heuser
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schuettler
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schmitz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002302:Cardiac Output; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000601:surgery; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006336:Heart Massage; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000473:pathology; D008026:Ligation; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013997:Time Factors; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D017725:Ventricular Pressure