title: A cluster randomised controlled trial of the effect of a treatment algorithm for hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Good blood pressure (BP) control reduces the risk of complications in people with type 2 diabetes, yet many do not achieve this. Guidelines for managing hypertension recommend increasing antihypertensive medications until control is achieved, but the effect of such recommendations in routine primary care is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of a BP treatment algorithm in primary care patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cluster randomised controlled trial of 1534 patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two practices in Nottingham, UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  Practices were randomised to continue usual care or to use a treatment algorithm designed so that practice nurses and GPs would increase antihypertensive treatment in steps until the target of 140/80 mmHg was reached. Participants were assessed by a clinical interview and case note review at recruitment and at 1 year. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of participants achieving target BP at 1 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 1 year there was no difference between the proportions of participants with well controlled BP in the intervention and control arms (36.6% versus 34.3%; P = 0.27). Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were identical in the two arms (143/78 mmHg). There was some evidence that participants in the intervention arm were more likely to be receiving higher doses of their antihypertensive drugs, although there was no significant difference in the number of different antihypertensive drugs prescribed. Participants in the intervention arm had a higher rate of primary care BP-related consultations over 12 months than those receiving usual care (rate ratio = 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.26 to 1.88, P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite increased monitoring and possibly higher doses of medication there was no improvement in blood pressure control. Improvements achieved by specialist nurse-led clinics in secondary care may not translate to people with type 2 diabetes in primary care settings.
authors.affiliation: Renal Unit, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals, Hucknall Road, Nottingham. charlotte.bebb@nuh.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bebb
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kendrick
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coupland
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Madeley
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Burden
authors.forename: Nigel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sturrock
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents