title: Too close for comfort: the impact of dual relationships on group therapy and group therapy training.
abstract: The healing power of psychodynamically oriented therapy and training groups rests, to a large degree, upon the quality of the here and now interactions. For the work to be effective, the basic principles of analytic group work need to be followed, including the observance of no extra-group contact. Simply said, nothing leaves the room. This principle has both ethical and clinical implications. It is my premise that while some forms of outside contact between members are relatively benign, other types are not. Outside contact that is built into the fabric and context of the group may pose a risk, as may be the case where dual relationships exist between members. The impact of dual relationships between group members in the particular instance of analytic training institutes is the focus of this article. What happens to the transference in this context when members reveal too much of their personal lives to each other through dual relationships is explored. It is suggested that extra-group contact can disrupt the balance between reality and transference distortion in group interactions in at least three ways: (a) "The Emperor's New Clothes" effect, (b) looping, and (c) gaslighting. Vignettes are presented to illustrate these phenomena and suggestions for reform are offered.
authors.affiliation: Long Island Institute of Mental Health, Rego Park, New York, USA. drrobertspepper@aol.com
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pepper
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003479:Curriculum; D003674:Defense Mechanisms; D004995:Ethics, Professional; D005260:Female; D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D011575:Psychoanalytic Therapy / Q000193:education* / Q000941:ethics; D011615:Psychotherapy, Group / Q000193:education* / Q000941:ethics; D011936:Reality Testing; D014167:Transference, Psychology