Staining of extracellular polymeric substances and cells in bioaggregates.
Multiple fluorochrome experiments with as many fluorochromes as possible are desired for exploring the detailed structure of bioaggregates. Spectral peak interference and other practical limitations, however, restrict the maximum number of stains used simultaneously to three. This current study proposes a sixfold labelled scheme to stain the total cells, dead cells, proteins, lipids, and alpha- and beta-polysaccharides in bioaggregates. Two aerobic granule systems, the phenol-fed and the acetate-fed granules, were utilized as the testing samples for demonstrating the use of the proposed scheme.
Chen
Ming-Yuan
MY
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
Lee
Duu-Jong
DJ
Tay
Joo-Hwa
JH
Show
Kuan-Yeow
KY
D000332:Aerobiosis; D001704:Biopolymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D019149:Bioreactors; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000032:analysis; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods
D001704:Biopolymers; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D008055:Lipids; D011134:Polysaccharides; D011506:Proteins; D012722:Sewage