title: A bird's eye view: using geographic analysis to evaluate the representativeness of corvid indicators for West Nile virus surveillance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this evaluation was to determine whether reports of dead corvid sightings and submissions of dead corvids for West Nile virus testing were representative of true corvid mortality in British Columbia in 2004, a year with no West Nile virus activity, in order to ensure the system was accurately describing corvid mortality rather than reflecting regional differences in surveillance methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Local Health Areas reported 0-159 (median = 3) dead corvid sightings and 0-209 (median = 5) submissions for West Nile virus testing. The expected numbers of dead corvid sightings and submissions for testing from each Local Health Area were 0-232 (median = 3) and 0-258 (median = 4), respectively. Twelve Local Health Areas reported significantly fewer sightings than expected; 21 reported significantly more. Eleven Local Health Areas submitted significantly fewer corvids than expected; 26 submitted significantly more.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some Local Health Areas were over-represented and others under-represented in terms of corvid West Nile virus surveillance indicators. Recommendations were made to improve the representativeness of corvid surveillance data. Geographic analysis can be used to evaluate the representativeness of surveillance systems and result in improvements to surveillance.
authors.affiliation: Canadian Field Epidemiology Program, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada. samara.david@bccdc.ca
authors.forename: Samara T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: Sunny
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mak
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: MacDougall
authors.forename: Murray
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fyfe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds; D001955:British Columbia / Q000453:epidemiology; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods; D014901:West Nile Fever / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*