title: Isocapnic hyperpnea training improves performance in competitive male runners.
abstract: The effects of voluntary isocapnic hyperpnea (VIH) training (10 h over 4 weeks, 30 min/day) on ventilatory system and running performance were studied in 15 male competitive runners, 8 of whom trained twice weekly for 3 more months. Control subjects (n = 7) performed sham-VIH. Vital capacity (VC), FEV1, maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), maximal inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressures, VO2max, 4-mile run time, treadmill run time to exhaustion at 80% VO2max, serum lactate, total ventilation (V(E)), oxygen consumption (VO2) oxygen saturation and cardiac output were measured before and after 4 weeks of VIH. Respiratory parameters and 4-mile run time were measured monthly during the 3-month maintenance period. There were no significant changes in post-VIH VC and FEV1 but MVV improved significantly (+10%). Maximal inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressures, arterial oxygen saturation and cardiac output did not change post-VIH. Respiratory and running performances were better 7- versus 1 day after VIH. Seven days post-VIH, respiratory endurance (+208%) and treadmill run time (+50%) increased significantly accompanied by significant reductions in respiratory frequency (-6%), V(E) (-7%), VO2 (-6%) and lactate (-18%) during the treadmill run. Post-VIH 4-mile run time did not improve in the control group whereas it improved in the experimental group (-4%) and remained improved over a 3 month period of reduced VIH frequency. The improvements cannot be ascribed to improved blood oxygen delivery to muscle or to psychological factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of NY at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA. leddy@buffalo.edu
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Leddy
authors.forename: Atcharaporn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Limprasertkul
authors.forename: Snehal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Modlich
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buyea
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Pendergast
authors.forename: Claes E G
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Lundgren
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001810:Blood Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D010806:Physical Education and Training / Q000379:methods*; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012132:Respiratory Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen