title: Depression symptoms in movement disorders: comparing Parkinson's disease, dystonia, and essential tremor.
abstract: Depression is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and affects 30 to 50% of all patients. In contrast to the wealth of research on depression in PD, little is known about the occurrence of depression in other movement disorders. The primary objective of the current study was to determine whether the high prevalence of depression symptoms seen in PD is also found in other movement disorders, by directly comparing rates of specific depression symptoms and depression severity across PD, dystonia, and essential tremor (ET). Three hundred and fifty-four patients with PD, 83 patients with dystonia, and 53 patients with ET completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). We found no significant between-groups differences for depression severity, frequency, or endorsement of specific depression symptoms. Forty-eight percent of PD patients, 37.3% of dystonia patients, and 34% of ET patients were found to be at least mildly depressed (BDI score of 10 or higher). The most commonly endorsed symptoms were fatigability, difficulty with work, anhedonia, and sleep disturbance. Clinicians should be aware that depression is a frequent problem in dystonia and ET, in addition to PD, and inquire about depression symptoms in these patients so that they can be appropriately treated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA. kmmiller@phhp.ufl.edu
authors.forename: Kimberly M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Okun
authors.forename: Hubert F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: Ramon L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bowers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D004421:Dystonia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D020329:Essential Tremor / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012737:Sex Factors