title: Infection with Trichomonas vaginalis increases the risk of HIV-1 acquisition.
abstract: We conducted a prospective study among women in Mombasa, Kenya, to determine whether Trichomonas vaginalis infection was associated with an increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. At monthly follow-up visits, laboratory screening for HIV-1 and genital tract infections was conducted. Among 1335 HIV-1-seronegative women monitored for a median of 566 days, there were 806 incident T. vaginalis infections (23.6/100 person-years), and 265 women seroconverted to HIV-1 (7.7/100 person-years). Trichomoniasis was associated with a 1.52-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.04-2.24-fold) increased risk of HIV-1 acquisition after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Treatment and prevention of T. vaginalis infection could reduce HIV-1 risk in women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA. mcclell@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: R Scott
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: McClelland
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sangare
authors.forename: Wisal M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Ludo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lavreys
authors.forename: Kishorchandra
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mandaliya
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kiarie
authors.forename: Jeckoniah
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ndinya-Achola
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jaoko
authors.forename: Jared M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Baeten
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004493:Education; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012307:Risk Factors; D011477:Sex Work; D013997:Time Factors; D014247:Trichomonas Vaginitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D016912:Levonorgestrel; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate