title: Remotely adjustable check-valves with an electrochemical release mechanism for implantable biomedical microsystems.
abstract: In this paper, we present two remotely adjustable check-valves with an electrochemical release mechanism for implantable biomedical microsystems. These valves allow one to vary the opening pressure set-point and flow resistance over a period of time. The first design consists of a micromachined check-valve array using a SU-8 polymer structural layer deposited on the top of a gold sacrificial layer. The second design is based on a variable length cantilever beam structure with a gold sacrificial layer. The adjustable cantilever-beam structure is fabricated by gold thermo-compression bond of a thin silicon wafer over a glass substrate. In both designs, the evaporated gold can be electrochemically dissolved using a constant DC current via a telemetry link. In the first design the dissolution simply opens up individual outlets, while in the second design, gold anchors are sequentially dissolved hence increasing the effective length of the cantilever beam (reducing the opening pressure). A current density of 35 mA/cm(2) is used to dissolve the gold sacrificial layers. Both gravity and syringe-pump driven flow are used to characterize the valve performance. A multi-stage fluidic performance (e.g. flow resistance and opening pressure) is clearly demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, UC Davis, USA.
authors.forename: Tingrui
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baldi
authors.forename: Babak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ziaie
mesh_terms: D001698:Biomedical Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015918:Infusion Pumps, Implantable; D044085:Microfluidics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D013686:Telemetry / Q000295:instrumentation*