title: Ultrasound bone densitometry of the calcaneus in healthy Chinese children and adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We evaluate reference data to examine whether there are sex-, age-, height-, weight- and BMI-related differences of quantitative ultrasound parameters (QUS) for healthy Chinese children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 726 healthy children and adolescents (360 male and 366 female) aged from 10-21 years were examined with a Lunar Achilles Express densitometer. The measurements on the right heel included speed of sound (SOS), broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), and a calculated stiffness index (SI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results found that there were no significant differences for BUA, SOS and SI between males and females, except in the age range of 12 to 13 years. The values of all parameters were significantly higher in the 12-year-old females compared to males, and BUA values were significantly higher in 13-year-old females compared to males. A spurt in QUS parameters were observed at 12 years in females and at 14 years in males. A steady increase of BUA, SOS, and SI was seen with increasing body height and weight in both sexes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, the present results can be used as reference data for children and adolescents in China.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Z-Q
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: C-L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: S-M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: S-Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Zu
authors.forename: G-J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D001827:Body Height / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D002111:Calcaneus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014463:Ultrasonography