title: Determination of rutin, catechin, epicatechin, and epicatechin gallate in buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum Moench by micro-high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.
abstract: A simple and sensitive method has been developed for determining rutin, catechin, epicatechin, and epicatechin gallate in buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) flour and seeds by micro-high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Chromatography was performed using an octadecylsilica column, acetonitrile-water-formic acid (13:87:1, v/v/v) as a mobile phase, and an applied potential at +0.5 V vs Ag/AgCl. We found that Japanese buckwheat flour contains rutin (12.7 mg/100 g), catechin (3.30 mg/100 g), epicatechin (20.5 mg/100 g), and epicatechin gallate (1.27 mg/100 g). The relative standard deviations for rutin, catechin, epicatechin, and epicatechin gallate peak heights were less than 0.86% (n = 5). The detection limit of rutin was 0.86 ng/mL. Moreover, the present method was applied to the distribution analysis of these compounds in buckwheat seed. The embryo proper and cotyledons of a mature buckwheat seed contained rutin with the highest concentration as compared to other parts. This method is useful in determining rutin, catechin, epicatechin, and epicatechin gallate in buckwheat with a small amount of sample for quality control in the food industry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Gr.T. Popa, Iasi, Romania.
authors.forename: Ana-Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Danila
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kotani
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hakamata
authors.forename: Fumiyo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kusu
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004563:Electrochemistry; D019612:Fagopyrum / Q000737:chemistry*; D012431:Rutin / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D012431:Rutin; D002392:Catechin; C062669:epicatechin gallate