title: Less subclinical atherosclerosis in Japanese men in Japan than in White men in the United States in the post-World War II birth cohort.
abstract: Coronary heart disease incidence and mortality remain very low in Japan despite major dietary changes and increases in risk factors that should have resulted in a substantial increase in coronary heart disease rates (Japanese paradox). Primary genetic effects are unlikely, given the substantial increase in coronary heart disease in Japanese migrating to the United States. For men aged 40-49 years, levels of total cholesterol and blood pressure have been similar in Japan and the United States throughout their lifetimes. The authors tested the hypothesis that levels of subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary artery calcification, and intima-media thickness of the carotid artery in men aged 40-49 years are similar in Japan and the United States. They conducted a population-based study of 493 randomly selected men: 250 in Kusatsu City, Shiga, Japan, and 243 White men in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, in 2002-2005. Compared with the Whites, the Japanese had a less favorable profile regarding many risk factors. The prevalence ratio for the presence of a coronary calcium score of > or =10 for the Japanese compared with the Whites was 0.52 (95% confidence interval: 0.35, 0.76). Mean intima-media thickness was significantly lower in the Japanese (0.616 mm (standard error, 0.005) vs. 0.672 (standard error, 0.005) mm, p < 0.01). Both associations remained significant after adjusting for risk factors. The findings warrant further investigations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 North Bellefield Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. akira@pitt.edu
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sekikawa
authors.forename: Hirotsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueshima
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kadowaki
authors.forename: Aiman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Saed
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takamiya
authors.forename: Atsunori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kashiwagi
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Edmundowicz
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sutton-Tyrrell
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maegawa
authors.forename: Rhobert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Yoshikuni
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kita
authors.forename: Lewis H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Kuller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010414:Pennsylvania / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D044465:White People / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D047789:World War II