Osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma: new signaling pathways as targets for novel therapeutic interventions.
Osteosarcomas and chondrosarcomas are the most common primary bone sarcomas. They are often highly aggressive neoplasms that rapidly progress and eventually recur and give distant metastases. Although the prognosis and quality of life have been improved during the last decades, the pathogenesis of these tumours remains elusive. Recent advances in molecular genetics and cytogenetics have brought a wealth of genes and molecular pathways that govern osteoblast and chondroblast differentiation and maturation, providing a better understanding of the biology of osteogenetic and cartilage tumours. In this review we describe the major tumour suppressor and oncogenic pathways, as well as the most important signal transduction cascades implicated in the development and progression of these malignancies. Furthermore, we discuss novel treatment regimens and future, patient-tailored strategies that will add significantly to the current therapeutic armamentarium.
Papachristou
Dionysios J
DJ
Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece.
Papavassiliou
Athanasios G
AG
D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D002813:Chondrosarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology
D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53