title: Carotenoid absorption in humans consuming tomato sauces obtained from tangerine or high-beta-carotene varieties of tomatoes.
abstract: Tomato sauces were produced from unique tomato varieties to study carotenoid absorption in humans. Tangerine tomatoes, high in cis-lycopene, especially prolycopene (7Z,9Z,7'Z,9'Z), and high-beta-carotene tomatoes as an alternative dietary source of beta-carotene were grown and processed. Sauces were served after 2 week washout periods and overnight fasting for breakfast to healthy subjects (n = 12, 6M/6F) in a randomized crossover design. The serving size was 150 g (containing 15 g of corn oil), tangerine sauce containing 13 mg of lycopene (97.0% as cis-isomers) and high-beta-carotene sauce containing 17 mg of total beta-carotene (1.6% as the 9-cis-isomer) and 4 mg of lycopene. Blood samples were collected 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 9.5 h following test meal consumption and carotenoids determined in the plasma triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein fraction by HPLC-electrochemical detection. Baseline-corrected areas under the concentration vs time curves (AUC) were used as a measure of absorption. AUC0-9.5h values for total lycopene in the tangerine sauce group were 870 +/- 187 (nmol.h)/L (mean +/- SEM) with >99% as cis-isomers (59% as the tetra-cis-isomer). The AUC0-9.5h values for total beta-carotene and lycopene after consumption of the high-beta-carotene sauce were 304 +/- 54 (4% as 9-cis-carotene) and 118 +/- 24 (nmol.h)/L, respectively. Lycopene dose-adjusted triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein AUC responses in the tangerine sauce group were relatively high when compared to those in the literature and the high-beta-carotene group. The results support the hypothesis that lycopene cis-isomers are highly bioavailable and suggest that special tomato varieties can be utilized to increase both the intake and bioavailability of health-beneficial carotenoids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, 2015 Fyffe Road, The Ohio State University, 320 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Nuray Z
authors.initials: NZ
authors.lastname: Unlu
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bohn
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: Steven K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Clinton
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D000077276:Lycopene; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D019207:beta Carotene; D002338:Carotenoids; D000077276:Lycopene