title: The role of family configuration in early childhood intellectual development in the context of an extended family system in Pakistan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The confluence theory of intelligence by Zajonc and Markus emphasizes that individual intellectual difference of children manifests itself in the context of family configuration. Instead of assuming its generalizability, careful scientific work is required before applying the model to South Asian cultures where, predominantly, an extended family type exists.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the role of extended family configuration on the child's intellectual development in a South Asian setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted on 4-5-year-old preschool children residing in Karachi, Pakistan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and forty-two child and mother dyads were assessed through a validated cognitive psychometric tool and through a structured questionnaire. Children who were registered at the main Mother and Child Health Centres (MCH) of the Aga Khan Health Services, Pakistan (AKHSP) Karachi and who were born between July 1st 1993-June 30th 1994 with traceable birth records at the maternity homes, were considered for this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multivariate linear regression models were used to identify the individual effect of family configuration on the intellectual scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Family configuration variables such as number of co-residents ( P P CONCLUSION: The findings suggest the positive role of co-residents of an extended family environment on the intellectual development in early childhood.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Public Health Intervention Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. bilal.iqbal@lshtm.ac.uk
authors.forename: B I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Avan
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Rahbar
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Raza
mesh_terms: D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005190:Family; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D010154:Pakistan