title: Oral health of monozygotic twins with and without coronary heart disease: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the oral health in monozygotic twins where one twin had coronary heart disease (CHD) and the other twin had no clinical signs of the disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten monozygotic twin pairs (age 55-81 years, eight male, and two female pairs) were recruited from the Swedish twin register. The inclusion criterion for participation was discordance regarding the presence of CHD within every twin pair. All participants underwent a full dental clinical examination including a panoramic radiograph.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twins with CHD had 51.5% bleeding on probing compared with 21.1% without CHD (p=0.01), and more pathological pockets (> or = 4 mm) were detected among those with CHD (20+/-15 versus 8+/-5), p=0.047). Twins with CHD had a reduced horizontal bone level in comparison with the healthy group (73%versus 78%, p=0.03). Logistic analyses using odds ratio (OR) showed that an increase of one periodontal pocket (> or = 4 mm) resulted in an increased risk for the actual twin of belonging to the CHD group (OR 1.17, p=0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates worsened periodontal conditions among twins with CHD compared with their siblings with no history of CHD. This strengthens the association between periodontal inflammation and the presence of atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden. Farnaz.Tabrizi@ki.se
authors.forename: Farnaz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tabrizi
authors.forename: Kåre
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Buhlin
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Klinge
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications*; D004200:Diseases in Twins / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009909:Oral Health; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011859:Radiography; D012907:Smoking; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic