title: Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy--a study of 217 patients from University of Malaya Medical Centre.
abstract: Two hundred and seventeen diabetic patients attending the eye clinic were examined to determine the prevalence of retinal changes, and the association between diabetic retinopathy and risk factors. A detailed fundus examination was done, after dilating the pupils, using 90 D lens and slitlamp biomicroscope. Diabetic retinopathy was detected in 112 patients (51.6%). Background retinopathy was seen in 40 out of 217 (18.4%), pre-proliferative retinopathy in 11 (5.1%), proliferative retinopathy in 61 (28.1%) and maculopathy in 58 (26.7%) patients. Factors significantly associated with occurrence of retinopathy were duration of diabetes, presence of hypertension and presence of systemic complications (diabetic foot ulcer, lower limb amputation, nephropathy, and peripheral neuropathy).
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tajunisah
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nabilah
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Reddy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D008296:Malaysia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors