title: Whole-blood interleukin-18 level during early HIV-1 infection is associated with reduced CXCR4 coreceptor expression and interferon- gamma levels.
abstract: Interleukin (IL)-18 generates T helper 1-type immunity and inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in primary cells in vitro. Because IL-18 may participate in HIV-1 containment, whole-blood IL-18 levels were measured in 20 healthy control subjects and longitudinally in 28 subjects with early HIV-1 infection. Compared with those in control subjects, IL-18 levels were higher during early HIV-1 infection, and IL-18 levels predicted reduced CXCR4 HIV-1 coreceptor expression and diminished interferon (IFN)- gamma levels. By contrast, a direct association between IL-18 and IFN- gamma levels was observed in blood stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. During early HIV-1 infection, IL-18 may regulate HIV-1 coreceptor expression and have antiretroviral activity.
authors.affiliation: Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
authors.forename: Carrie A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Sailer
authors.forename: Gregory B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Pott
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Dinarello
authors.forename: Samantha Ma
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Whinney
authors.forename: Jeri E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Forster
authors.forename: Jacqueline K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Larson-Duran
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Landay
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Al-Harthi
authors.forename: Robert T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Schooley
authors.forename: Constance A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: Franklyn N
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Judson
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Frank J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Palella
authors.forename: Leland
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shapiro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism*; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D020382:Interleukin-18; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D007371:Interferon-gamma