title: EUS-guided pancreatogastrostomy and pancreatobulbostomy for the treatment of pain in patients with pancreatic ductal dilatation inaccessible for transpapillary endoscopic therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  EUS-guided pancreatogastrostomy (EPG) is described as an alternative to surgery for ductal decompression in symptomatic patients when endoscopic transpapillary access of the main pancreatic duct (MPD) is impossible.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To present the midterm clinical response and follow-up of a larger group of patients treated with EPG and a new transbulbar approach, EUS-guided pancreatobulbostomy (EPB).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two tertiary referral centers in Brussels and Marseille.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 2000 to 2004, 36 patients (51 years old; range, 14-71 years) were seen.
  
  
  METHODS
  EPG or EPB.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pain relief, technical aspects, complications, and clinical follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Indications were chronic pancreatitis, with complete obstruction (secondary to a tight stenosis, a stone, or MPD rupture); inaccessible papilla or impossible cannulation (n = 20); anastomotic stenosis after a Whipple procedure (n = 12); complete MPD rupture after acute pancreatitis (AP); or trauma (n = 4). EPG or EPB was unsuccessful in 3 patients; 1 was lost to follow-up. Major complications occurred in 2 patients and included 1 hematoma and 1 severe AP. The median follow-up was 14.5 months (range, 4-55 months). Pain relief was complete or partial in 25 patients (69%, intention to treat). Eight patients treated had no improvement of their symptoms (4 were subsequently diagnosed with cancer). Stent dysfunction occurred in 20 patients (55%) and required a total of 29 repeat endoscopies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Technically demanding and requires careful pretherapeutic evaluation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EPG or EPB appears to be an effective and relatively safe treatment for the management of pain secondary to pancreatic ductal hypertension in patients with an MPD not accessible by a transpapillary route.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Geneviève
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tessier
authors.forename: Erwan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bories
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arvanitakis
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hittelet
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pesenti
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Le Moine
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giovannini
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Devière
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000209:etiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000628:therapy; D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D019160:Endosonography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D010183:Pancreatic Ducts; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents