title: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) enhances cardiac commitment of differentiating embryonic stem cells by activating PI3 kinase.
abstract: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a pleiotropic cytokine promoting proliferation, migration and survival in several cell types. HGF and its cognate receptor c-Met are expressed in cardiac cells during early cardiogenesis, but data concerning its role in cardiac differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and the underlying molecular mechanisms involved are limited. In the present study we show that HGF significantly increases the number of beating embryoid bodies of differentiating ESCs without affecting beating frequency. Furthermore, HGF up-regulates the expression of the cardiac-specific transcription factors Nkx 2.5 and GATA-4 and of markers of differentiated cardiomyocytes, i.e. alpha-MHC, beta-MHC, ANF, MLC2v and Troponin T. The HGF-induced increase in Nkx 2.5 expression was inhibited by co-treatment with the PI3 kinase inhibitors Wortmannin and LY294002, but not by its inactive homolog LY303511, suggesting an involvement of the PI3 kinase/Akt pathway in this effect. We conclude that HGF is an important growth factor involved in cardiac differentiation and/or proliferation of ESCs and may therefore be critical for the in vitro generation of pre- or fully differentiated cardiomyocytes as required for clinical use of embryonic stem cells in cardiac diseases.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Innere Medizin III (Kardiologie, Angiologie, Internistische Intensivmedizin), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
authors.forename: Cristiana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roggia
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ukena
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Böhm
authors.forename: Heiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kilter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D050991:GATA4 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000072576:Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.5; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac; D038081:Organogenesis; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D050991:GATA4 Transcription Factor; D000072576:Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.5; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C484469:Nkx2-5 protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases