title: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist rosiglitazone decreases bone formation and bone mineral density in healthy postmenopausal women: a randomized, controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thiazolidinediones, which are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists, are widely prescribed to patients with disorders characterized by insulin resistance. Preclinical studies suggest that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma signaling negatively regulates bone formation and bone density. Human data on the skeletal effects of thiazolidinediones are currently available only from observational studies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to determine whether rosiglitazone, a thiazolidinedione, inhibits bone formation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a 14-wk randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in the general community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty healthy, postmenopausal women participated in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intervention was rosiglitazone 8 mg/d.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary end point was biochemical markers of bone formation, and secondary end points were a bone resorption marker and bone mineral density.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The osteoblast markers procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide and osteocalcin declined by 13% (P<0.005 vs. placebo) and 10% (P=0.04 vs. placebo), respectively, in the rosiglitazone group. These changes were evident by 4 wk and persisted for the duration of the study. There was no change in the serum beta-C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, a marker of bone resorption (P=0.9 vs. placebo). Total hip bone density fell in the rosiglitazone group (mean change from baseline rosiglitazone -1.9%, placebo -0.2%; between-group difference 1.7%, 95% confidence interval 0.6-2.7, P<0.01); lumbar spine bone density fell significantly from baseline values in the rosiglitazone group (P=0.02 vs. baseline) but was not significantly different between groups (mean change from baseline rosiglitazone -1.2%, placebo -0.2%; between-group difference 1.0%, 95% confidence interval -0.2-2.3, P=0.13).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short-term therapy with rosiglitazone exerts detrimental skeletal effects by inhibiting bone formation. Skeletal end points should be included in future long-term studies of thiazolidinedione use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, and LabPlus, Auckland City Hospital, New Zealand. a.grey@auckland.ac.nz
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grey
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bolland
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gamble
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wattie
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Horne
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Ian R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Reid
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000819:agonists*; D010919:Placebos; D017698:Postmenopause; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010919:Placebos; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077154:Rosiglitazone