title: High incidence of meningioma in cranial irradiated survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and T-cell lymphoma (T-NHL) treated before 1990 received cranial radiation. This study assessed the occurrence of second tumors in irradiated and non-irradiated survivors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and ten survivors of ALL and T-NHL were treated between 1974 and 1997 by several protocols. Imaging (MRI, CT) was performed every 3-6 years in 76/88 irradiated and 74/122 non-irradiated patients for the last 20 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From January 1998 through 2004, meningiomas were detected in 16 survivors (8 female, 8 male) at age 20-39 years (median 28.7); 15 were asymptomatic. Cranial imaging done 2-8 years previously in 11 revealed no abnormalities. Fifteen had been diagnosed with ALL or T-NHL 10-29 years earlier (median 21) and received cranial irradiation (24 Gy in 14) at age 2-14 years (median 7.6). Fifteen tumors arose in the convexity. Three patients had multiple lesions. Complete resection was performed in 12 patients, with one complication. One patient had a recurrence, and four with small tumors are under surveillance. Only one low-grade glioma and two basal-cell carcinomas were found. Only one of the 74 non-irradiated patients (median follow-up 14 years) developed meningioma. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of incidence of meningioma was 14.8+/-7.6 at 20 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Survivors of childhood ALL treated with cranial radiation require prolonged surveillance because of a high incidence of late meningiomas. Early detection, when the tumor is still small, facilitates resection and may reduce complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel. ygoshen@clalit.org.il
authors.forename: Yacov
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Goshen
authors.forename: Batia
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stark
authors.forename: Liora
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kornreich
authors.forename: Shalom
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Michowiz
authors.forename: Meora
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feinmesser
authors.forename: Isaac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yaniv
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016371:Cranial Irradiation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008579:Meningioma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000532:radiotherapy*