title: Electrochemiluminescence determination of codeine or morphine with an organically modified silicate film immobilizing Ru(bpy)3(2+).
abstract: An ECL approach was developed for the determination of codeine or morphine based on tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)) immobilized in organically modified silicates (ORMOSILs). Tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) and dimethyldimethoxysilane (DiMe-DiMOS) were selected as co-precursors for ORMOSILs, which were then immobilized on a surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by a dip-coating process. Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) was immobilized in the ORMOSIL film via ion-association with poly(p-styrenesulphonate). The ORMOSIL-modified GCE presented good electrochemical and photochemical activities. In a flow system, the eluted codeine or morphine was oxidized on the modified GCE and reacted with immobilized Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) at a potential of +1.20 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The modified electrode was used for the ECL determination of codeine or morphine and showed high sensitivity. The calibration curves were linear in the range 2 x 10(-8)-5 x 10(-5) mol/L for codeine and 1 x 10(-7)-3 x 10(-4) mol/L for morphine. The detection limit was 5 x 10(-9) mol/L for codeine and 3 x 10(-8) mol/L for morphine, at signal:noise ratio (S:N)=3. Both codeine and morphine showed reproducibility with RSD values <2.5% at 1.0 x 10(-6) mol/L. Furthermore, the modified electrode immobilized Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) was applied to the ECL determination of codeine or morphine in incitant samples.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety (Fuzhou University), Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China. xichen@xmu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hai-Ling
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Guo-Nan
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D003061:Codeine / Q000032:analysis*; D049449:Luminescence; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009020:Morphine / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D017975:Ruthenium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D017975:Ruthenium Compounds; D017640:Silicates; D009020:Morphine; D003061:Codeine