title: Effect of tobacco deprivation on the attentional blink in rapid serial visual presentation.
abstract: When two targets are imbedded in rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP), identification of the second target (T2) is impaired if it occurs within 500 ms of the first target (T1). This attentional blink (AB) is thought to involve interference of resources in processing T1 and T2. The deleterious effect of tobacco deprivation on attention has been documented, but no studies have examined the AB. Nonsmokers (n=30), 12-h tobacco-deprived smokers (n=30), and nondeprived smokers (n=30) were randomly assigned to perform the RSVP with one of three stimulus-duration conditions (96, 113, or 130 ms). Participants completed 48 RSVP trials. Each trial consisted of 16 individually presented words (T1, T2, and 14 distractors), and T2 lagged T1 at serial positions 1-8. Participants verbalized T1 and T2 in order immediately after each trial. Identification of T2 (for correct T1 trials) was impaired at early versus late lag positions, which was especially pronounced in the most difficult (96 ms) condition. There was no evidence for group differences on the AB; however, deprived smokers were worse identifying T1 in the 113-ms condition. These results suggest that the AB is influenced by stimulus duration, but not by 12 h of tobacco deprivation.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.
authors.forename: Adrienne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heinz
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Waters
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Carol S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: Eric T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Moolchan
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Heishman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001767:Blinking / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011930:Reaction Time; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D013997:Time Factors; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology