title: [Serotype distribution and resistance to beta-lactams of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from children in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, 2000 - 2002].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was designed to investigate the situation of serotype distribution and beta-lactam antibiotics resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) isolated from Chinese children, and to further understand the significance of vaccine for preventing infection caused by the bactria and controlling the resistance to antibiotics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nasopharageal swab specimens were collected from randomly selected less than 5-year-old out-patients with upper respiratory infection in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, 2000 - 2002. Capsular typing was performed by the Quellung reaction tested using a simplified chessboard system for typing of S. pneumoniae. The coverage rate of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F and 23F) was calculated. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by E-test MIC method for beta-lactam antibiotics (penicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefaclor, cefuroxime and ceftriaxone).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Totally 625 pneumococcal strains were typed. Serogroup 19, including 121 strains, was the most frequent serogroup observed (19.4%). Other frequently observed serotypes/serogroups in decreasing order of frequency were serotype/serogroups 23 (15.4%), 6 (13.3%), 14 (6.6%) and 15 (4.3%). Of all these isolates, about 57.6% (360/625) were in the 7-valent conjugate vaccine. Only 1, 6 and 12 strains were serotypes/serogroups 4, 9 and 18, respectively. The coverage rate for the 7-valent vaccine of penicillin nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae (PNSP) was higher than penicillin susceptible S. pneumoniae (PSSP) (73.2% and 46.1%). Serogroups 19 and 23, without other serotypes/serogroups, were significantly associated with PNSP (serogroup 19 accounted for 29.1% of PNSP and 12.2% of PSSP; serogroup 23 accounted for 23.8% of PNSP to 9.2% of PSSP). Overall, 140 strains (22.4%) could not be typed by using the chessboard system, and 117 strains (18.7%) were identified as other 28 kinds of serotype/serogroup. The strains showed different resistance change for beta-lactam antibiotics according to different serotype/serogroup during the three years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serotype/Serogroup 19, 23, 6, 14 and 15 were the common types among the pneumococcal strains isolated from Chinese children. Serogroups 19 and 23 were significantly associated with PNSP. The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine could cover most of the islotes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100045, China.
authors.forename: Kai-hu
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Sang-jie
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qiu-lian
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Yue-juan
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Xu-zhuang
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Yong-hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D012703:Serotyping; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects