title: Associations of abdominal fat with perceived racism and passive emotional responses to racism in African American women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An excess in abdominal fat may predispose African American women to chronic health conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Because stress may increase body fat in the center-body region, we used the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) to examine associations between excess abdominal fat and perceived racism (a chronic stressor) and daily stress. Passive emotional responses to perceived racism, hypothesized to have particularly adverse effects, were also examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  We controlled for body mass index in multiple logistic regression models among 447 African American women who completed a telephone interview on perceived racism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Passive emotional responses were not related to WHR (odds ratio [OR]=1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.8, 2.4). High perceived racism was associated with a low WHR in this population (OR=0.4; 95% CI=0.3, 0.8). However, high daily stress was related to a high WHR (OR=2.7; 95% CI=1.1, 6.7).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings support an association between daily stress and WHR but do not support our hypothesis that passive emotional responses to perceived racism increase abdominal fat. Further study of the stress physiology of perceived racism in African American women is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA. avines@email.unc.edu
authors.forename: Anissa I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Vines
authors.forename: Donna Day
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Baird
authors.forename: June
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Irva
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hertz-Picciotto
authors.forename: Kathleen C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Light
authors.forename: Maya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McNeilly
mesh_terms: D050153:Abdominal Fat / Q000502:physiology*; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D050154:Adiposity / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005639:Frustration; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D011287:Prejudice; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012938:Social Perception; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014481:United States; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio; D016387:Women's Health / Q000208:ethnology*