title: Assessment of cardiac function during axial-flow left ventricular assist device support using a left ventricular pressure-derived relationship: comparison with pre-load recruitable stroke work.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study we evaluate load-independent ventricular function during left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support based solely on telemetered measurements of left ventricular (LV) pressure, which has not been reported previously.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult sheep underwent placement of an axial-flow LVAD, a telemetered LV pressure manometer and instruments for pressure-volume analysis. In unsedated sheep, the simultaneous determination of both stroke work/end-diastolic volume (SW/EDP [PRSW]; slope: M(W)) and LV triple-product (TP = LVSP . dP/dt . HR) vs LV end-diastolic pressure (TP/EDP; slope: M(TP)) were performed before and then after beta(1)-blockade using the LVAD to acutely unload the ventricle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LVAD support (4.5 +/- 0.31 liters/min) was maintained for 1 week. During LV unloading "runs," the LVAD flow (Q(V)) increased (up to 5.8 +/- 0.71 liters/min), although there were decreases in SW (3,061 +/- 747 to 1,556 +/- 410 mm Hg ml(-1)), LV TP (3,127 +/- 397 to 1,019 +/- 335 x 10(5)) and LV EDP (18.2 +/- 1.2 to 9.7 +/- 1.8 mm Hg). The TP/EDP and SW/EDV relationships established during the unloading runs were highly linear (R(2) up to 0.95) and their slopes were reduced by beta-adrenergic blockade (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TP/EDP relationship established during LVAD unloading of the LV was load-independent and sensitive to changes in cardiac inotropy, and correlated with PRSW.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA. pimcconnell@msn.com <pimcconnell@msn.com>
authors.forename: Patrick I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: McConnell
authors.forename: Carlos L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Del Rio
authors.forename: Pawel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kwiatkowski
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Farrar
authors.forename: Benjamin C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006353:Heart-Assist Devices; D011312:Pressure; D012756:Sheep; D013318:Stroke Volume; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left