title: The frozen elephant trunk technique for treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The frozen elephant trunk technique allows for single-stage repair of combined aortic arch and descending aortic aneurysms using a hybrid prosthesis with a stented and a nonstented end. This report summarizes the operative and follow-up data (mean follow-up: 20 months) with this new treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between September 2001 and March 2006, 39 patients (15 women; mean age, 62 years) were operated on after approval by the local Institutional Review Board. Indications for operation were aneurysms in 18 patients and aortic dissections in 21. The stented end of the hybrid prosthesis was placed through the opened aortic arch under fluoroscopic control using hypothermic circulatory arrest and selective antegrade cerebral perfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients survived the procedure. Five patients (12.8%) died early postoperatively, with two deaths directly related to the procedure. Symptoms of neurologic dysfunction developed in 5 patients and resolved completely in 2. In 1 patient, the descending aorta was perforated owing to misplacement of the stented end of the hybrid prosthesis. In 23 of 25 patients with postoperative computed tomography imaging (>6 months postoperatively), complete thrombus formation around the frozen elephant trunk was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This procedure is performed through a median sternotomy and combines the concepts of the elephant trunk principle and endovascular stenting of descending aortic aneurysms. Favorable intraoperative and postoperative results in the follow-up with thrombus formation around the stented descending aortic segment has encouraged us to evaluate all patients with thoracic aneurysms extending proximal and distal of the left subclavian artery for this treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. hassinabaraki@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Hassina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Baraki
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hagl
authors.forename: Narwid
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khaladj
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kallenbach
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weidemann
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haverich
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karck
mesh_terms: D001011:Aorta; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D017545:Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic / Q000601:surgery*; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D015607:Stents; D013249:Sternum / Q000601:surgery; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000209:etiology