title: Primary and secondary red ear syndrome: implications for treatment.
abstract: Approximately 57 patients with red ear syndrome have been reported in the literature since it was initially described in 1994. The clinical phenotype therefore continues to be defined and no consistent treatment response has been described. We report three new cases of red ear syndrome and suggest that the disorder may exist as a primary trigeminal or cervical autonomic cephalalgia, coexist with other rare trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, or may be secondary. The pathogenesis in these different circumstances may be distinct, the triggers specific and, when secondary, the disorder may be more resistant to treatment.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boulton
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Purdy
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Bosch
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Dodick
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000588:Amines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004427:Ear Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004890:Erythema / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D000077206:Gabapentin; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000150:complications; D051303:Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias / Q000150:complications; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D000700:Analgesics; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D000077206:Gabapentin; D007052:Ibuprofen; D007213:Indomethacin