title: The role of surgery in the management of solitary pulmonary nodule in breast cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the role of surgery in the diagnosis and treatment of a solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) in patients who had received previous surgery for breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A series of 79 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for an SPN between 1990 and 2003 after a curative resection for breast cancer were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Surgical diagnosis was obtained by open procedure before 1996 (37 cases), and by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) after 1996 (33 out of 42 cases, 9 open procedures) and intraoperative evaluation. Histology of SPN was primary lung cancer in 38 patients, pulmonary metastasis of breast cancer in 27, and benign condition in 14. VATS was converted to open procedure for anatomical resection in primary lung cancer and for the palpation of the lung in metastatic disease. Average disease-free interval from the initial mastectomy was significantly longer in primary lung cancer than in metastatic patients (179+/-107 vs 51+/-27 moths). Manual palpation identified multiple pulmonary nodules in 3 out of 27 metastatic patients. Five-year survival rate after pulmonary metastasectomy was 38% and was significantly influenced by disease-free interval; 5-year survival rate after resection of primary lung cancer was 43% and was significantly influenced by the pathological stage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VATS is a good procedure for diagnostic management of peripheral SPN. As SPN in breast cancer patients is primary lung cancer in half cases, it deserves confirmation of pathological diagnosis and appropriate surgical treatment. When breast cancer metastasis is demonstrated, open procedure must be performed to palpate the entire lung to exclude previously unknown nodules.
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Surgery Department, University A. Avogadro, Via Frasconi, 14, 28100 Novara, Italy. ottaviorena@libero.it
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rena
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Papalia
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ruffini
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Filosso
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oliaro
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maggi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Casadio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D003074:Solitary Pulmonary Nodule / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted