title: Is exposure to media intended for preschool children associated with less parent-child shared reading aloud and teaching activities?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether electronic media exposure is associated with decreased parental reading and teaching activities in the homes of preschool children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample presenting for well-child care to an urban hospital pediatric clinic was enrolled. Inclusion criteria were: child's age 3 to 5 years and not yet in kindergarten. Electronic media exposure (TV, movies/video, computer/video games) was assessed with a 24-hour recall diary and characterized on the basis of industry ratings. Reading aloud and teaching activities were assessed with the StimQ-Preschool READ and PIDA (Parental Involvement in Developmental Advance) subscales, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 77 families were assessed. Children were exposed to a mean (SD) of 200.8 (128.9) minutes per day of media, including 78.2 (63.7) minutes of educational young child-oriented, 62.0 (65.6) minutes of noneducational young child-oriented, 14.8 (41.4) minutes of school age/teen-oriented, and 29.2 (56.6) minutes of adult-oriented media, as well as to 16.6 (47.5) minutes of media of unknown type. A total of 79.2% watched 2 or more hours per day. Noneducational young child-oriented exposure was associated with fewer reading (semipartial correlation coefficient [SR] = -0.24, P = .02) and teaching (SR = -0.27, P = .01) activities; similar relationships were not found for other media categories. Children exposed to 2 or more hours of total electronic media per day had 1.6 (95% confidence interval, 0.4-2.9) fewer days per week of reading than children exposed to less than 2 hours (SR = -0.27, P = .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study found an association between increased exposure to noneducational young child-oriented media and decreased teaching and reading activities in the home. This association represents a mechanism by which media exposure could adversely affect development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, Bellevue Hospital Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA. tomops01@med.nyu.edu
authors.forename: Suzy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tomopoulos
authors.forename: Purnima T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Valdez
authors.forename: Benard P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Dreyer
authors.forename: Arthur H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Fierman
authors.forename: Samantha B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Berkule
authors.forename: Maggie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuhn
authors.forename: Alan L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Mendelsohn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting; D011932:Reading; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013663:Teaching / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013690:Television / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013997:Time Factors; D018910:Video Games / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*