title: Chemosensory function of salt and water transport by the amphibian skin.
abstract: Solute and water transport mechanisms of anuran skin mediate chemosensory functions that permit evaluation of ionic and osmotic properties of hydration sources in a manner similar to taste receptors in the mammalian tongue. Histochemical observations demonstrated apparent connections between spinal nerve endings and epithelial cells of the skin and we used neural and behavioral responses as measures of coupling between transport and chemosensation. The inhibition of transcellular Na+ transport by amiloride partially reduced the neural response and the avoidance of hyperosmotic NaCl but not KCl solutions. Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) reduced the neural response to hyperosmotic salt solutions, suggesting a chemosensory role for vanilloid receptors in the skin. Avoidance of hyperosmotic salt solutions was reduced by impermeant anions suggesting paracellular conductance is important for chemosensation. The effects of blocking the transcellular and paracellular pathways was additive but did not eliminate the avoidance of osmotically unfavorable solutions by dehydrated toads. The timing of the neural response to deionized water was similar to the onset of water absorption behavior and increased blood flow to the pelvic skin. Water absorption from 50 mM NaCl was greater than from deionized water when toads were fully immersed, but not when contact was limited to the ventral surface.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and School of Dental Medicine, 1001 Shadow Lane MS7410, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89106-4124, USA. Stanley.Hillyard@unlv.edu
authors.forename: Stanley D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Hillyard
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Viborg
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: K vS
authors.initials: Kv
authors.lastname: Hoff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D002025:Bufonidae / Q000502:physiology*; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000378:metabolism*; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride; D011189:Potassium Chloride