title: Safety and efficacy of combined antiplatelet-warfarin therapy after coronary stenting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the antithrombotic treatment adopted after coronary stenting in patients requiring long-term anticoagulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We analysed retrospectively all consecutive patients on warfarin therapy (n = 239, mean age 70 years, men 74%) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in 2003-04 in six hospitals. An age- and sex-matched control group with similar disease presentation (unstable or stable symptoms) was selected from the study period. Primary endpoint was defined as the occurrence of death, myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization, or stent thrombosis at 12 months. Warfarin treatment was an independent predictor of both primary endpoint (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.0-3.0, P = 0.05) and major bleeding (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.2-9.3, P = 0.02). Triple therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel was the most common (48%) option in stented patients in warfarin group, and there was a significant (P = 0.004) difference between the drug combinations in stent thrombosis with the highest (15.2%) incidence in patients receiving warfarin plus aspirin combination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study shows that the prognosis is unsatisfactory in warfarin-treated patients irrespective of the drug combination used. Aspirin plus warfarin combination seems to be inadequate to prevent stent thrombosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Satakunta Central Hospital, Sairaalantie 3, Pori, Finland. pasi.karjalainen@satshp.fi
authors.forename: Pasi P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Karjalainen
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Porela
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ylitalo
authors.forename: Saila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vikman
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nyman
authors.forename: Mari-Anne
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Vaittinen
authors.forename: Tuukka J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Airaksinen
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niemelä
authors.forename: Tero
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vahlberg
authors.forename: K E Juhani
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Airaksinen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000379:methods; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000628:therapy*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014859:Warfarin / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D014859:Warfarin; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine; D001241:Aspirin