title: Salting-out effects in aqueous ionic liquid solutions: cloud-point temperature shifts.
abstract: The effects of the addition of three inorganic salts, namely, NaCl, Na(2)SO(4), and Na(3)PO(4), on the liquid-liquid (L-L) phase diagram of aqueous solutions containing the model ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, [bmim][BF(4)], were investigated. All three inorganic salts trigger salting-out effects, leading to significant upward shifts of the L-L demixing temperatures of the systems. The magnitude of the shifts depends on both the water-structuring nature of the salt and its concentration; that is, the effects are correlated with the ionic strength of the solution and the Gibbs free energy of hydration of the inorganic salt. The pH effect and the occurrence of salt precipitation in concentrated solutions are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, ITQB2, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. República, Apartado 127, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
authors.forename: Joana R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Trindade
authors.forename: Zoran P
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Visak
authors.forename: Marijana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blesic
authors.forename: Isabel M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Marrucho
authors.forename: João A P
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Coutinho
authors.forename: José N Canongia
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Luis P N
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Rebelo
mesh_terms: D001881:Borates / Q000737:chemistry*; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry*; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D044367:Phase Transition; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D012996:Solutions / Q000737:chemistry; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C419324:1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate; D001881:Borates; D007093:Imidazoles; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D010710:Phosphates; D012996:Solutions; D013431:Sulfates; D014867:Water; C012036:sodium sulfate; D012965:Sodium Chloride; C018279:sodium phosphate