title: [The immune response to kidney allograft. Part I: the role of MHC antigens, antigen-presenting cells, and lymphocytes in alloantigen recognition; two-signal activation of T cells].
abstract: Kidney transplantation causes an immune response to non-self antigens called allograft rejection. The response to a kidney allograft can be divided into three phases: recognition of the alloantigen, activation of antigen-specific lymphocytes, and the effector phase of graft rejection. Allogeneic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II molecules elicit a vigorous T-cell response. The alloresponse comprises CD4+ T cells that recognize allogeneic MHC indirectly after processing the molecules into peptide fragments. The majority of alloreactive T cells directly recognize intact allogeneic MHC molecules expressed on foreign cells. The interaction between the TCR of a T cell and the MHC/peptide complex on an antigen-presenting cell (APC) determines the specificity of the immune response. Two distinct signals are required for T-cell activation: one signal through the TCR and a second costimulatory signal through accessory molecules.
authors.affiliation: Klinika Nefrologii i Medycyny Transplantacyjnej, Akademii Medycznej we Wrocławiu. mariok@tlen.pl
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kusztal
authors.forename: Dominika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jezior
authors.forename: Wacław
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Weyde
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krajewska
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klinger
mesh_terms: D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology*; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000276:immunology*; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II