title: Downmodulation of mitochondrial F0F1 ATP synthase by diazoxide in cardiac myoblasts: a dual effect of the drug.
abstract: Similar to ischemic preconditioning, diazoxide was documented to elicit beneficial bioenergetic consequences linked to cardioprotection. Inhibition of ATPase activity of mitochondrial F(0)F(1) ATP synthase may have a role in such effect and may involve the natural inhibitor protein IF(1). We recently documented, using purified enzyme and isolated mitochondrial membranes from beef heart, that diazoxide interacts with the F(1) sector of F(0)F(1) ATP synthase by promoting IF(1) binding and reversibly inhibiting ATP hydrolysis. Here we investigated the effects of diazoxide on the enzyme in cultured myoblasts. Specifically, embryonic heart-derived H9c2 cells were exposed to diazoxide and mitochondrial ATPase was assayed in conditions maintaining steady-state IF(1) binding (basal ATPase activity) or detaching bound IF(1) at alkaline pH. Mitochondrial transmembrane potential and uncoupling were also investigated, as well as ATP synthesis flux and ATP content. Diazoxide at a cardioprotective concentration (40 muM cell-associated concentration) transiently downmodulated basal ATPase activity, concomitant with mild mitochondria uncoupling and depolarization, without affecting ATP synthesis and ATP content. Alkaline stripping of IF(1) from F(0)F(1) ATP synthase was less in diazoxide-treated than in untreated cells. Pretreatment with glibenclamide prevented, together with mitochondria depolarization, inhibition of ATPase activity under basal but not under IF(1)-stripping conditions, indicating that diazoxide alters alkaline IF(1) release. Diazoxide inhibition of ATPase activity in IF(1)-stripping conditions was observed even when mitochondrial transmembrane potential was reduced by FCCP. The results suggest that diazoxide in a model of normoxic intact cells directly promotes binding of inhibitor protein IF(1) to F(0)F(1) ATP synthase and enhances IF(1) binding indirectly by mildly uncoupling and depolarizing mitochondria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Comelli
authors.forename: Giuliana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Metelli
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mavelli
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002259:Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone / Q000494:pharmacology; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D019069:Cell Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D003981:Diazoxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005905:Glyburide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D032386:Myoblasts, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D013997:Time Factors; D014475:Uncoupling Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000097795:ATPase Inhibitory Protein
chemical_list: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D002259:Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D003981:Diazoxide; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005905:Glyburide; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D015221:Potassium Channels; D011506:Proteins; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases; D014475:Uncoupling Agents; D000097795:ATPase Inhibitory Protein; C117780:mitochondrial K(ATP) channel