title: Wave intensity analysis of left ventricular filling: application of windkessel theory.
abstract: We extend our recently published windkessel-wave interpretation of vascular function to the wave intensity analysis (WIA) of left ventricular (LV) filling dynamics by separating the pressure changes due to the windkessel from those due to traveling waves. With the use of LV compliance, the change in pressure due solely to LV volume changes (windkessel pressure) can be isolated. Inasmuch as the pressure measured in the cardiovascular system is the sum of its windkessel and wave components (excess pressure), it can be substituted into WIA, yielding the isolated wave effects on LV filling. Our study of six open-chest dogs demonstrated that once the windkessel effects are removed from WIA, the energy of diastolic suction is 2.6 times greater than we previously calculated. Volume-related changes in pressure (i.e., the windkessel or reservoir effect) must be considered first when wave motion is analyzed.
authors.affiliation: Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta and Department of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Jacqueline A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Flewitt
authors.forename: Tracy N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Hobson
authors.forename: Jiun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Clifton R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Nigel G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Shrive
authors.forename: Israel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Belenkie
authors.forename: Kim H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: John V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Tyberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000502:physiology*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003187:Compliance; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D004285:Dogs; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D016014:Linear Models; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000502:physiology; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D012107:Research Design; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013997:Time Factors; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*; D017725:Ventricular Pressure