title: Association of apolipoprotein E genotype and cerebral palsy in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We tested the hypotheses that apolipoprotein E genotype, in particular carriage of the epsilon4 allele, is more likely to be associated with cerebral palsy and that children with more severe neurologic impairment are more likely to carry this allele.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, 209 children with cerebral palsy were matched with healthy control subjects according to gender and race. Diagnosis of cerebral palsy was confirmed through physician consultation, medical chart review, and parent interview. Apolipoprotein E genotyping was performed with DNA obtained with buccal swabs. Severity of motor impairment was rated by physical therapists, and occipitofrontal circumference was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with gender- and race-matched control subjects, overall risk for cerebral palsy was elevated 3.4-fold among children carrying an epsilon4 allele and was particularly elevated for children with quadriplegia/triplegia. This finding was independent of birth weight. Carriage of the epsilon4 allele was also associated with increased severity of cerebral palsy and with a trend toward increased likelihood for microcephaly. Moreover, children carrying an epsilon2 allele were at greater risk for cerebral palsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data implicate the apolipoprotein E epsilon4 and epsilon2 genotypes as susceptibility factors in determining neurologic outcomes after perinatal brain injury. Additional studies are warranted to establish the role of apolipoprotein E in specific pathogenetic pathways leading to cerebral palsy or poor neurologic outcomes after perinatal brain injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Maxine M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Weck
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Sarwark
authors.forename: Aaliyah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamidullah
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Wainwright
mesh_terms: D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E