title: Radical cystectomy with extended lymphadenectomy: evaluating separate package versus en bloc submission for node positive bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide future mapping analysis of lymph node positive disease we modified our lymphadenectomy at radical cystectomy for bladder cancer from an en bloc packet to 13 separate nodal packets. We evaluated the clinical and pathological findings resulting from this modification.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1,359 patients underwent en bloc radical cystectomy and extended lymphadenectomy for bladder cancer. They were compared to 262 patients who underwent radical cystectomy and extended lymphadenectomy with lymph nodes submitted in 13 distinct nodal packets. Overall 317 patients (23%) of the en bloc group (group 1) and 66 of the 262 (25%) in the separately packaged group (group 2) had node positive disease. Clinical and pathological findings were analyzed to compare these 2 groups of patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although the incidence of lymph node positivity was not different, the median number of total lymph nodes removed in group 2 was significantly higher than that in group 1 (68, range 14 to 132 vs 31, range 1 to 96, p<0.001). A trend toward more lymph nodes involved was observed in group 2 compared to group 1 (3, range 1 to 91 vs 2, range 1 to 63, p=0.062). These findings significantly lowered median lymph node density in group 2 compared to that in group 1 (6% vs 9%, p=0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the overall incidence of lymph node positive disease was not different, the submission of 13 separate nodal packets at radical cystectomy significantly increased the total number of lymph nodes removed/analyzed and identified a slightly higher number of positive lymph nodes compared to en bloc submission.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Southern California, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA. stein@usc.edu
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: David F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Penson
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Gus
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: Eila C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Skinner
authors.forename: Matt A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Groshen
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lieskovsky
authors.forename: Donald G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Skinner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015653:Cystectomy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010388:Pelvis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*