title: Beneficial effects of phosphatidylcholine during hindlimb reperfusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Microcirculatory dysfunctions and mast cell (MC) reactions play important roles in hypoxic tissue injuries. The aims of this study were to characterize the effects of hindlimb ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) on the periosteal microcirculation and to define the consequences of systemic phosphatidylcholine (PC) therapy during this condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Microcirculatory changes were visualized by means of fluorescence intravital videomicroscopy in anesthetized Wistar rats. There was 60 min of complete hindlimb ischemia followed by a 180-min reperfusion in the presence of PC treatment (50 mg/kg i.v.; in the second 10 min of reperfusion) or vehicle. Further two groups served as vehicle- or PC-treated sham-operated controls. The proportion of degranulated MCs and the leukocyte accumulation (myeloperoxidase, MPO assay) were determined in muscle biopsies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  I-R significantly increased the muscle MPO activity (from 14.94 to 63.45 mU/mg) and the proportion of degranulated MCs (to 82.5%). The periosteal capillary RBC velocity (RBCV) and the functional capillary density (FCD) had decreased, while the primary and secondary leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions had increased by the end of reperfusion (rolling from 20.8 to 40.0%, and firm adherence from 254 to 872 mm(-2)). PC treatment decreased the leukocyte rolling and sticking, preserved the FCD and improved the RBCV. The MC degranulation and MPO activity diminished significantly in the muscle layer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PC administration improves I-R-induced periosteal microcirculatory dysfunctions and ameliorates secondary inflammatory reactions. Systemic PC treatment could offer a potential treatment modality during hypoperfusion or inflammatory conditions of the bones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Traumatology, Kecskemét County Hospital, Kecskemét, Hungary.
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gera
authors.forename: Renáta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Varga
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Török
authors.forename: József
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaszaki
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szabó
authors.forename: Katalin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: Mihály
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boros
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015550:Cell Degranulation; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000098:blood supply*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000502:physiology; D008833:Microcirculation; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D009195:Peroxidase