title: Combination of arteriovenous extracorporeal lung assist and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in a porcine model of lavage-induced acute lung injury: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To compare the combined effects of arteriovenous extracorporeal lung assist (AV-ECLA) and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) on pulmonary gas exchange, hemodynamics, and respiratory parameters in a lavage-induced porcine lung injury model.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, randomized animal study. Saline lung lavage was performed in 33 healthy female pigs, weighing 52 +/- 4.1 kg (mean +/- SD), until the Pao2 decreased to 53 +/- 8 mm Hg. After a stabilization period of 60 minutes, the animals were randomly assigned to four groups: group 1, pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) with a tidal volume of 6 mL/kg; group 2, PCV with a tidal volume of 6 mL/kg and AV-ECLA; group 3, HFOV; group 4, HFOV and AV-ECLA. In groups 2 and 4, the femoral artery and vein were cannulated and a low-resistance membrane lung was interposed. After isolated evaluation of AV-ECLA, the mean airway pressure was increased by 3 cm H2O from 16 to 34 cm H2O every 20 minutes, accompanied by blood gas analyses and measurements of respiratory and hemodynamic variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only in AV-ECLA-treated animals was normocapnia achieved. No significant increase of Pao2 attributable to AV-ECLA alone was detected. Mean airway pressure augmentation resulted in a significant increase in Pao2 in all groups. Peak inspiratory pressure was significantly lower in HFOV-treated animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of AV-ECLA and HFOV resulted in normocapnia and comparable Pao2, although a smaller ventilator pressure amplitude was applied. Long-term animal studies are needed to assess whether this approach results in further lung protection.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. brederlau_j@klinik.uni-wuerzburg.de
authors.forename: Joerg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brederlau
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Muellenbach
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kredel
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuestermann
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anetseder
authors.forename: Clemens
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Greim
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Roewer
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D018893:Bronchoalveolar Lavage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; D006612:High-Frequency Ventilation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000628:therapy*; D013552:Swine