title: Characterization of Circadian-associated pseudo-response regulators: I. Comparative studies on a series of transgenic lines misexpressing five distinctive PRR Genes in Arabidopsis thaliana.
abstract: Every member of a small family of Pseudo-Response Regulator (PRR) genes, including Timing of Cab Expression 1 (TOC1 [or PRR1]), are believed to play roles close to the circadian clock in the model higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study we established a transgenic line that misexpresses (or overexpresses) the PRR7 gene. As compared with wild-type plants, the resulting PRR7-misexpressing plants (designated PRR7-ox) showed characteristic phenotypes as to hallmarked circadian-associated biological events: (i) early flowering in a manner independent of photoperiodicity, (ii) hypersensitive response to red light during early photomorphogenesis, and (iii) altered free-running rhythms with long period of clock-associated genes. Finally, a series of all transgenic lines (PRR1-ox, PRR3-ox, PRR5-ox, PRR7-ox, and PRR9-ox) were characterized comparatively with regard to their clock-associated roles. The results suggested that the five homologous PRR factors play coordinate roles, distinctively from one another, and closely to the circadian clock in higher plants.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, School of Agriculture, Nagoya University, Furocho, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Akinori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsushika
authors.forename: Masaya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Shogo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Norihito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakamichi
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamashino
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizuno
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D035264:Flowers / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D008027:Light; D009024:Morphogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D017440:Photoperiod; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C511731:PRR3 protein, Arabidopsis; D018749:RNA, Plant; D014157:Transcription Factors