title: Apoptosis initiated when BH3 ligands engage multiple Bcl-2 homologs, not Bax or Bak.
abstract: A central issue in the regulation of apoptosis by the Bcl-2 family is whether its BH3-only members initiate apoptosis by directly binding to the essential cell-death mediators Bax and Bak, or whether they can act indirectly, by engaging their pro-survival Bcl-2-like relatives. Contrary to the direct-activation model, we show that Bax and Bak can mediate apoptosis without discernable association with the putative BH3-only activators (Bim, Bid, and Puma), even in cells with no Bim or Bid and reduced Puma. Our results indicate that BH3-only proteins induce apoptosis at least primarily by engaging the multiple pro-survival relatives guarding Bax and Bak.
authors.affiliation: Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.
authors.forename: Simon N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Willis
authors.forename: Jamie I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaufmann
authors.forename: Mark F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: van Delft
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Peter E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Czabotar
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ierino
authors.forename: Erinna F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: W Douglas
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Fairlie
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bouillet
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Strasser
authors.forename: Ruth M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kluck
authors.forename: Jerry M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: David C S
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072224:Bcl-2-Like Protein 11; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008954:Models, Biological; D009154:Mutation; D064549:Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050998:bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C494819:BAD protein, human; C494772:BAK1 protein, human; C000606775:BCL2L11 protein, human; D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein; C494820:Bad protein, mouse; C494773:Bak1 protein, mouse; D000072224:Bcl-2-Like Protein 11; C494812:Bcl2l1 protein, mouse; C000606776:Bcl2l11 protein, mouse; C101155:Bcl2l2 protein, mouse; D008024:Ligands; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D064549:Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C488588:PUMA protein, mouse; C408009:Pmaip1 protein, mouse; D011506:Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D050998:bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein