title: Functional brain mapping of actual car-driving using [18F]FDG-PET.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims at identifying the brain activation during actual car-driving on the road, and at comparing the results to those of previous studies on simulated car-driving.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty normal volunteers, aged 20 to 56 years, were divided into three subgroups, active driving, passive driving and control groups, for examination by positron emission tomography (PET) and [18F]2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG). The active driving subjects (n = 10) drove for 30 minutes on quiet normal roads with a few traffic signals. The passive driving subjects (n = 10) participated as passengers on the front seat. The control subjects (n = 10) remained seated in a lit room with their eyes open. Voxel-based t-statistics were applied using SPM2 to search brain activation among the subgroups mentioned above.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant brain activation was detected during active driving in the primary and secondary visual cortices, primary sensorimotor areas, premotor area, parietal association area, cingulate gyrus, the parahippocampal gyrus as well as in thalamus and cerebellum. The passive driving manifested a similar-looking activation pattern, lacking activations in the premotor area, cingulate and parahippocampal gyri and thalamus. Direct comparison of the active and passive driving conditions revealed activation in the cerebellum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The result of actual driving looked similar to that of simulated driving, suggesting that visual perception and visuomotor coordination were the main brain functions while driving. In terms of attention and autonomic arousal, however, it seems there was a significant difference between simulated and actual driving possibly due to risk of accidents. Autonomic and emotional aspects of driving should be studied using an actual driving study-design.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cyclotron Nuclear Medicine, Cyclotron Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Japan.
authors.forename: Myeonggi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tashiro
authors.forename: Laxsmi N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Keiichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Etsuo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Horikawa
authors.forename: Masayasu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: Shouichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanuki
authors.forename: Ren
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Itoh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001334:Automobile Driving; D001336:Automobiles; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18