title: Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor decreases inflammatory cytokine expression after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is believed to be the major initiator of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. As a result of intestinal I/R, the gut becomes a major source of inflammatory cytokine production. We have previously shown that heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is cytoprotective after intestinal I/R and down-regulates pro-inflammatory cytokine production in vitro. We now examine the effects of HB-EGF on pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were randomized into three groups: sham-operated, superior mesenteric artery occlusion (SMAO) for 90 min followed by 8 h of reperfusion (I/R), and I/R with intraluminal administration of HB-EGF 25 min after the initiation of ischemia (I/R + HB-EGF). Serum was drawn at 2, 4, 6, and 8 h post reperfusion for determination of cytokine protein levels using a bioplex suspension array system. Additional animals underwent the same ischemic protocol followed by 30 and 60 min of reperfusion with harvesting of ileal mucosa. Ileal pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression was determined using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with primers specific for TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1beta.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HB-EGF decreased TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1beta serum protein levels at 4, 6, and 8 h after intestinal I/R injury. In addition, HB-EGF decreased local intestinal mucosal mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1beta 30 and 60 min after intestinal injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that pro-inflammatory cytokine expression is increased both locally and in the systemic circulation after intestinal I/R and that the administration of HB-EGF significantly reduces intestinal I/R-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA.
authors.forename: Dorothy V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Rocourt
authors.forename: Veela B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: Gail E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Besner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066257:Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000098:blood supply*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D000093242:Interleukin-6 Inhibitors
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D066257:Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000093242:Interleukin-6 Inhibitors; C587885:Hbegf protein, rat