title: Efficacy of waiting periods and topical fluoride treatment on toothbrush abrasion of eroded enamel in situ.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of both waiting periods between acid exposure and tooth brushing and fluoride applications in preventing toothbrush abrasion of acid-softened enamel surfaces. The study, on 5 subjects, had an in situ crossover design with experimental periods of 5 days each. Human enamel samples were recessed in mouth appliances and at the end of each experimental period, enamel loss was determined profilometrically. Specimens were eroded extraorally (2 x 20 min per day; 0.05 M citric acid), standardized brushing (2 x 30 s per sample per day; powered toothbrush) was performed in situ. The groups were: (1) erosion only, (2) brushing with fluoride-free toothpaste directly after, (3) 2 h after, or (4) before erosion; fluoride application was either (5) brushing with a fluoride toothpaste or (6) brushing with a fluoride toothpaste or gel, and rinsing with a fluoride mouth rinse. Enamel loss was (1) 45.2 +/- 10.8, (2) 79.3 +/- 7.8, (3) 81.7 +/- 9.5, (4) 69.7 +/- 13.8, (5) 51.5 +/- 13.0, and (6) 41.2 +/- 1.8 microm. Brushing without fluoride increased the enamel loss significantly (p < or = 0.001), waiting for 2 h had no protective effect, and brushing before erosion decreased enamel loss values only by 12% (n.s.). In the fluoride groups, enamel loss was significantly lower than after brushing with the fluoride-free toothpaste and comparable to values after erosion only (n.s.). Waiting periods had only a minor effect, whilst the application of fluoride appeared promising.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Dental Clinic of the Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany. carolina.ganss@dentist.med.uni-giessen.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ganss
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schlueter
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Friedrich
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klimek
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003742:Dental Devices, Home Care / Q000009:adverse effects; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000473:pathology; D003959:Diamines; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors; D014002:Tin Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014072:Tooth Abrasion / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000150:complications*; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D003959:Diamines; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D009067:Mouthwashes; D014002:Tin Fluorides; D014100:Toothpastes; C059813:Meridol; C495399:Olaflur; D005459:Fluorides