title: Development of a lethal model of peritonitis for assessment of laparoscopic and laparotomic treatments in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Development of a lethal model of peritonitis to assess the results of treating that peritonitis using videolaparoscopy and laparotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed a model of peritonitis in rats using cecal ligation (CLP) against a 2-mm diameter rigid mold and puncture. Two experiments were performed: determination of seven-day lethality; and analysis of white cell counts, blood cultures and cytokines (Interleukin-1 beta, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha and IL-6). The animals were divided into four groups: I--Sham surgery; II--CLP; III--CLP + Videolaparoscopy; and IV--CLP + Laparotomy .
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven-day lethality was 0% in group I, 80% in the group II (p<0.05), 60% in group III , and 20 % in group IV. There was a significant reduction in leukocyte counts and higher levels of serum IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha and IL-6 in the group II compared to controls. The percentages of positive blood cultures were higher after videolaparoscopic compared to laparotomic treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The experimental model provoked a lethal form of peritonitis and that videolaparoscopic treatment had more bacteraemia than laparotomy.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Division, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14048-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. vpsalgado@netsite.com.br
authors.forename: Wilson
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Salgado Júnior
authors.forename: José Sebastião dos
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Fernando de Queiroz
authors.initials: Fde Q
authors.lastname: Cunha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002432:Cecum / Q000601:surgery; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D010535:Laparoscopy; D007813:Laparotomy; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D009339:Needles; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000097:blood / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D011677:Punctures; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha