title: Stimulatory effect of morning bright light on reproductive hormones and ovulation: results of a controlled crossover trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studies have shown a shortening of the menstrual cycle following light exposure in women with abnormally long menstrual cycles or with winter depression, suggesting that artificial light can influence reproductive hormones and ovulation. The study was designed to investigate this possibility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Placebo-controlled, crossover, counterbalanced order.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical centres and participants' homes in Novosibirsk (55 degrees N), Russia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two women, aged 19-37 years, with baseline menstrual cycle length 28.1-37.8 d and no clinically evident endocrine abnormalities completed the study. The study lasted for two menstrual cycles separated by at least one off-protocol cycle.
  
  
  METHODS
  During one experimental cycle, bright light was administered at home for 1 wk with a light box emitting white light at 4,300 lux at 41 cm for 45 min shortly after awakening. During the other experimental cycle, dim light was <100 lux at 41 cm with a one-tube fluorescent source.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples and ultrasound scans were obtained in the afternoon before and after the week of light exposure, on day approximately 7 and 14 after menstruation onset. Further ultrasound scans after day 14 documented ovulation. Serum was assayed for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and estradiol (E2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Concentrations of PRL, LH, and FSH were significantly increased with bright versus dim light exposure, as was follicle size (ANOVA, intervention x day, p = 0.0043, 0.014, 0.049, and 0.042, respectively). The number of ovulatory cycles increased after exposure to bright compared to dim light (12 versus 6 cycles, Wilcoxon tied p = 0.034).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Morning exposure to bright light in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle stimulates the secretion of hypophyseal reproductive hormones, promotes ovary follicle growth, and increases ovulation rates in women with slightly lengthened menstrual cycles. This might be a promising method to overcome infertility.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Chronobiology, Institute of Internal Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia. dani@irs.ru
authors.forename: Konstantin V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Danilenko
authors.forename: Elena A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Samoilova