title: Chewing in patients with severe neurological impairment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As degenerative disease, infarction and hemorrhage in the CNS may compromise chewing, the aim was to classify and analyse such chewing disturbances. The case series included clinical and electromyographic recordings from 10 patients (ages 12-78 years) with neurological disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Classifications were involuntary munching (two women with dystonia which was abolished during mastication), ceased chewing function (three men with impaired volitional motor control and spasticity from locked-in syndrome, restricted chewing range (two men and one woman with reduced jaw opening due to paradoxical activity after brainstem lesions), and distorted chewing pattern (two men with dystonia resulting in blockings during chewing).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effect of the neurological impairment illustrated the complex control of mastication and the interaction between central and peripheral mechanisms, and the variation of the chewing disturbances was surprisingly great, even with similar diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine, Section of Clinical Oral Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 20 Nörre Allé, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark. mb@odont.ku.dk
authors.forename: Merete
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bakke
authors.forename: Eigild
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Møller
authors.forename: Carsten Eckhart
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Thomsen
authors.forename: Torben
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dalager
authors.forename: Lene Maria
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Werdelin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001732:Bite Force; D002648:Child; D003679:Deglutition; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008409:Mastication / Q000502:physiology*; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013284:Stomatognathic System / Q000503:physiopathology*