title: Port closure techniques.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic trocars do create wounds. This article aims to review and list different techniques used for closure of the fascia incision at trocar sites.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search was performed for articles dealing with closure techniques. The author searched this subject in English on Medline by combining the words "trocar" and "hernia," as well as "Deschamps" and "Reverdin." All articles reporting techniques with their references were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The articles described many techniques in addition to classical closure using curved needles, including Grice needle, Maciol needles, Endoclose device, Carter-Thomason device, Tahoe ligature device, Endo-Judge device, eXit puncture closure device, Lowsley retractor, spinal cord needles, dual hemostat, suture carrier, Riverdin and Deschamps needles, and Gore-Tex closure device.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three main groups of techniques were found with favor of extracorporeal manipulations under direct visualization. Old methods are sufficient and cost-effective.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Haddawy Hospital, P.O. Box 608, DawarTamween, DeirEzzor, Syria. zahershaher@bigfoot.com
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shaher
mesh_terms: D002404:Catheterization; D000071938:Fasciotomy; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D009339:Needles; D011677:Punctures; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D013536:Suture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation