title: Nurses' involvement in 'do not resuscitate' decisions on acute elder care wards.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper reports the involvement of nurses in 'do not resuscitate' decision-making on acute elder care wards and their adherence to such decisions in the case of an actual cardiopulmonary arrest.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Previous literature showed that nurses are involved in half or less than half of 'do not resuscitate' decisions in hospitals, but their involvement in this decision-making on acute elder care wards in particular has not been investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire was sent in 2002 to the head nurses of all acute elder care wards in Flanders, Belgium (n = 94). They were asked whether nurses had been involved in the last 'do not resuscitate' decision-making process on their ward and whether nurses 'never', 'rarely', 'sometimes', 'often' or 'always' started resuscitation in case of cardiopulmonary arrest of patients with 'do not resuscitate' status and of those without.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate was 86.2% (n = 81). In 74.7% of the last 'do not resuscitate' decisions on acute elder care wards in Flanders, a nurse was involved in the decision-making process. For patients with 'do not resuscitate' status, 54.3% of respondents reported that cardiopulmonary resuscitation was 'never' started on their ward, 'rarely' on 39.5% and 'sometimes' on 6.2%. For patients without 'do not resuscitate' status, nurses started cardiopulmonary resuscitation 'rarely' or 'sometimes' on 22.2% of all wards, and 'often' or 'always' on 77.8%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To make appropriate 'do not resuscitate' decisions and to avoid rash decision-making in cases of actual cardiopulmonary arrest, nurses should be involved early in 'do not resuscitate' decision-making. If institutional 'do not resuscitate' guidelines were to stress more clearly the important role of nurses in all kinds of end-of-life decisions, this might improve the 'do not resuscitate' decision-making process.
authors.affiliation: End-of-Life Care Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. cdegendt@vub.ac.be
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Gendt
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bilsen
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vander Stichele
authors.forename: Nele
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Van Den Noortgate
authors.forename: Margareta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Deliens
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001530:Belgium; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000451:nursing*; D003657:Decision Making; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D024802:Nurse's Role; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology; D016414:Resuscitation Orders; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires