title: [Deteriorated health-related quality of life in healthy male smokers].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the association between smoking and health-related quality of life (HRQL) in male smokers compared to male nonsmoker, both with no history of chronic disease at 3 health centers in Seville, Spain.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective cohort study of smokers and nonsmoker who were matched on the basis of potentially confounding variables (age, marital status, occupation, education, and health center). Data were compiled in interviews conducted by a qualified and previously trained interviewer. HRQL was assessed using the 36-item short form general health questionnaire (SF-36).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Except for the physical functioning dimension, which refers to physical activities of daily living (P=.111), smokers had significantly worse (P< .05) HRQL scores measured with the SF-36 questionnaire. On average, smokers scored 10 points less than nonsmoker in the 8 HRQL dimensions. The greatest difference was observed in the dimensions reflecting mental health, particularly in limitations experienced as a consequence of emotional problems (emotional role score 14 points less for smokers; P=.001). When compared to national norms, the scores of smokers were on average 12 points lower in the 8 HRQL dimensions. The greatest differences were observed in physical role (31 points) and bodily pain (17 points).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even smokers who have not developed acute or chronic comorbidity associated with cigarette smoking have a poorer HRQL than nonsmoker.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Apoyo a la Investigación, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, España. aurelio.cayuela.sspa@juntadeandalucia.es
authors.forename: Aurelio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cayuela
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Domínguez
authors.forename: Remedios
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Otero
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*