title: Effects of water and diet acidification with and without antibiotics on weanling pig growth and microbial shedding.
abstract: Two 5-wk experiments were conducted to determine the effects of water and diet acidification with and without antibiotics on weanling pig growth performance and microbial shedding. In Exp. 1, 204 pigs (19.2 d of age) were used in a 3 x 2 factorial, with 3 dietary treatments fed with or without water acidification (2.58 mL/L of a propionic acid blend; KEM SAN, Kemin Americas, Des Moines, IA). Dietary treatments were: 1) control, 2) control + 55 ppm of carbadox (CB), and 3) dietary acid [DA; control + 0.4% organic acid-based blend (fumaric, lactate, citric, propionic, and benzoic acids; Kemin Americas)] on d 0 to 7 followed by 0.2% inorganic acid-based blend (phosphoric, fumaric, lactic, and citric acids; Kemin Americas) on d 7 to 34. In Exp. 2, 210 pigs (average 18.3 d of age) were fed 1 of 3 dietary treatments: 1) control, 2) control + 55 ppm of CB, and 3) control + 38.6 ppm of tiamulin + 441 ppm of chlortetracycline on d 0 to 7 followed by 110 ppm of chlortetracycline on d 7 to 35 (TC) with or without dietary acidification (same as Exp. 1) in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. For both experiments, the pigs were allotted based on genetics, sex, and initial BW [5.5 kg (Exp. 1) or 5.6 kg (Exp. 2)]. Pigs were housed at 6 or 7 (Exp. 1) and 7 (Exp. 2) pigs/pen. Treatments were fed in 3 phases: d 0 to 7, 7 to 21, and 21 to 35 (34 d, Exp. 1). Fecal grab samples were collected from 3 pigs/pen on d 6, 20, and 33 for measurement of pH and Escherichia coli. During phase 3 and overall in Exp. 1, pigs fed CB had greater (P < 0.001) ADG (overall ADG, 389 vs. 348, and 348 g/d, respectively), ADFI (P < 0.007, 608 vs. 559, and 554 g/d, respectively), and d 34 BW (P < 0.001, 18.8 vs. 17.3, and 17.3 kg, respectively) than pigs fed NC and DA. Phase 3 ADG was improved (P < 0.01) by water acidification across all diets. In Exp. 2, pigs fed CB and TC had greater ADG (P < 0.004; 315 and 303 vs. 270 g/d, respectively), ADFI (P < 0.01), and d 35 BW (P < 0.002; 16.7 and 16.2 vs. 15.1 kg, respectively) than pigs fed NC. There was a tendency (P < 0.08) for an improvement in ADG when DA was added to the NC or TC, but decreased ADG when DA was added to CB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Sholly
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Hinson
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Saddoris
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Radcliffe
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Odgaard
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Richert
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002218:Carbadox / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial / Q000662:veterinary; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004326:Drinking; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D013552:Swine / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000382:microbiology; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014867:Water; D002218:Carbadox