Protein kinase C inhibitor enzastaurin induces in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia.
Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is an incurable lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with limited options of therapy. Protein kinase Cbeta (PKCbeta) regulates cell survival and growth in many B-cell malignancies. In this study, we demonstrate up-regulation of PKCbeta protein in WM using protein array techniques and immunohistochemistry. Enzastaurin, a PKCbeta inhibitor, blocked PKCbeta activity and induced a significant decrease of proliferation at 48 hours in WM cell lines (IC(50), 2.5-10 muM). Similar effects were demonstrated in primary CD19(+) WM cells, without cytotoxicity on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In addition, enzastaurin overcame tumor cell growth induced by coculture of WM cells with bone marrow stromal cells. Enzastaurin induced dose-dependent apoptosis at 48 hours mediated via induction of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and PARP cleavage. Enzastaurin inhibited Akt phosphorylation and Akt kinase activity, as well as downstream p-MARCKS and ribosomal p-S6. Furthermore, enzastaurin demonstrated additive cytotoxicity in combination with bortezomib, and synergistic cytotoxicity in combination with fludarabine. Finally, in an in vivo xenograft model of human WM, significant inhibition of tumor growth was observed in the enzastaurin-treated mice (P = .028). Our studies therefore show that enzastaurin has significant antitumor activity in WM both in vitro and in vivo, providing the framework for clinical trials to improve patient outcome in WM.
Moreau
Anne-Sophie
AS
Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Jia
Xiaoying
X
Ngo
Hai T
HT
Leleu
Xavier
X
O'Sullivan
Garrett
G
Alsayed
Yazan
Y
Leontovich
Alexey
A
Podar
Klaus
K
Kutok
Jeffrey
J
Daley
John
J
Lazo-Kallanian
Suzan
S
Hatjiharissi
Evdoxia
E
Raab
Marc S
MS
Xu
Lian
L
Treon
Steven P
SP
Hideshima
Teru
T
Anderson
Kenneth C
KC
Ghobrial
Irene M
IM
D018941:Antigens, CD19 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001706:Biopsy; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D064546:Protein Kinase C beta; D013997:Time Factors; D008258:Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology
D018941:Antigens, CD19; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007211:Indoles; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D064546:Protein Kinase C beta; C504878:enzastaurin