title: Lymphocytic panhypophysitis in a young man with involvement of the cavernous sinus and clivus.
abstract: Lymphocytic hypophysitis is an unusual inflammatory lesion that is caused by autoimmune destruction of the pituitary gland. We report a case of 42-year-old man who presented with a 6-month history of severe headache, blurred vision in the right eye, hearing loss, polyuria, polydipsia, and impotence. Medical history showed that he and his mother had osteopetrosis. The results of the physical examination and laboratory tests showed that secondary hypothyroidism, hypogonadism, and hypocortisolism had developed. Central diabetes insipidus was diagnosed by water deprivation test. MRI of the sella showed pituitary enlargement with symmetrical suprasellar expansion, compression of the chiasma, thickened infundibulum, and involvement of both bilateral cavernous sinuses and clivus. Hormonal substitution with hydrocortisone, levothyroxine, and DDAVP resulted in rapid improvement of all symptoms and signs. Transsphenoidal biopsy was diagnostic of lymphocytic hypophysitis. In spite of extensive literature reviewing, we have not been aware of any case of lymphocytic hypophysitis with clivus involvement. The present case represents a variant of lymphocytic hypophysitis which has progressed to involve bilateral cavernous sinuses and the clivus.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa, Istanbul, Turkey. ilkaykartal@gmail.com
authors.forename: Ilkay
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kartal
authors.forename: Sema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yarman
authors.forename: Refik
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tanakol
authors.forename: Bilge
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bilgic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D002426:Cavernous Sinus / Q000473:pathology; D003388:Cranial Fossa, Posterior / Q000473:pathology; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020790:Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic / Q000209:etiology; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007018:Hypopituitarism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D008218:Lymphocytosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin; D013974:Thyroxine; D006854:Hydrocortisone