title: Evaluation of the effects of hydrophilic organic solvents on CYP3A-mediated drug-drug interaction in vitro.
abstract: This study evaluated the effects of the commonly used hydrophilic organic solvents, acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N,N-dimethylformamide, polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol, on CYP3A in pooled human liver microsomes, using testosterone and midazolam as substrates. Furthermore, we examined the modulation effect of organic solvents on CYP3A inhibition by ketoconazole. Testosterone 6beta-hydroxylation activity was potently inhibited in the presence of DMSO and 1-propanol in a concentration-dependent manner. Midazolam 1'-hydroxylation activity, however, was weakly inhibited only by 1% of DMSO, the highest concentration used in this study. Moreover, the potency of ketoconazole to inhibit CYP3A activities was variable, depending on the organic solvent used as a dissolving solvent for ketoconazole. Our data indicate that each organic solvent had an effect on CYP3A4 activity, evaluated by both substrates with different magnitudes. Furthermore, it was shown that the effects of organic solvents on CYP3A activity are substrate-dependent. The present study also shows that methanol had little effect on either substrate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan. marisuke@med.showa-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwase
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kurata
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ehana
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masamoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yasuhara
mesh_terms: D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006900:Hydroxylation; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007654:Ketoconazole / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008874:Midazolam / Q000378:metabolism; D012997:Solvents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013739:Testosterone / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D012997:Solvents; D013739:Testosterone; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases; C104464:CYP3A protein, human; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; C022657:steroid hormone 6-beta-hydroxylase; C510163:CYP3A4 protein, human; D008874:Midazolam; D007654:Ketoconazole