title: Cost-effectiveness analysis of establishing a distance-education programme for health personnel in Swaziland.
abstract: There is a growing conviction among policy-makers that the availability of adequate numbers of well-trained and motivated human resources is a key determinant of health system' s capacity to achieve their health, responsiveness and fairness-improving goals. The objective of this study was to estimate the cost, effectiveness and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of various distance-education strategies for the health sector in Swaziland; and recommend the most cost-effective option. The distance-education strategies evaluated included: Mobile library services (MLS); micro-resources centers WITHOUT video conferencing in five health centers and four regional hospitals (MRC-VC); micro-resources centers WITH video conferencing in five health centers and four regional hospitals (MRC+VC); centralized resource center WITHOUT video conferencing (CRC-VC); centralized resource center WITH video conferencing (CRC+VC); and status quo (SQ). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for MLS was Emalangeni (E) 41,846; MRC-VC was E42,696; MRC+VC was E45,569; CRC-VC was E43,578; CRC+VC was E40,827; the latter being the most cost-effective distance-education strategy. According to policy-makers, this study served to clarify the various distance-education strategies, their costs and their benefits/effectiveness. There is a need for developing in Africa a culture of basing policy and management decisions of such kind on systematic analyses. Of course, economic evaluation will, at most, be a guide to policy- and decision-making, and thus, the onus of decision-making will always be on policy-makers and health-care managers.
authors.affiliation: World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Parirenyatwa Hospital, P.O. Box BE773, Harare, Zimbabwe. kirigiaj@whoafr.org
authors.forename: Joses M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kirigia
authors.forename: Luis G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Sambo
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Phiri
authors.forename: Gladys
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Matsembula
authors.forename: Magda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Awases
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003659:Decision Making, Organizational; D020375:Education, Distance / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D018961:Educational Technology / Q000191:economics*; D013541:Eswatini; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000193:education*; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D016730:Program Development; D015397:Program Evaluation; D049269:Videoconferencing