title: Genetic and pharmacological approaches to evaluate the interaction between the cannabinoid and cholinergic systems in cognitive processes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to investigate the possible interactions between the cannabinoid and cholinergic systems in memory and learning processes by using genetic and pharmacological approaches in two different behavioural models, the active avoidance and the object recognition test.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects induced by nicotine, physostigmine and scopolamine were studied in CB(1) receptor knockout and wild-type mice in the active avoidance paradigm. In addition, the effects of pretreatment with the CB(1) receptor antagonist rimonabant were evaluated on the responses induced by nicotine in the active avoidance and the object recognition tasks in wild-type mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nicotine (0.5 mg kg(-1) s.c.) did not modify the performance of CB(1) knockout and wild-type mice in this model, whereas scopolamine (0.5 mgkg(-1) i.p.) impaired the performance in both genotypes. Physostigmine (0.1 mg kg(-1) i.p.) increased the active avoidance performance in wild-type but not in CB(1) knockout mice. Rimonabant (0.3, 1, 3, and 10 mg kg(-1)) did not modify the performance in the active avoidance test, given alone or co-administered with nicotine. In contrast, nicotine enhanced the performance in the object recognition task but this response was attenuated by rimonabant co-administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present findings revealed that the cognitive effects of nicotine and physostigmine were attenuated in the absence of CB(1) receptor activity. Scopolamine effects were independent from CB(1) receptors.
authors.affiliation: Laboratori de Neurofarmacologia, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Bura
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castañé
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ledent
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Valverde
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maldonado
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010830:Physostigmine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000077285:Rimonabant; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D010880:Piperidines; D011720:Pyrazoles; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D009538:Nicotine; D010830:Physostigmine; D012601:Scopolamine; D000077285:Rimonabant