title: Effects of single-walled carbon nanotubes on the functions of plasma proteins and potentials in vascular prostheses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nonwoven single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) are novel materials with a nanotopography macroscopic surface and pure-carbon composition, which may serve as coatings on implants in blood-contact environments.
  
  
  METHODS
  The adsorption behavior of albumin, fibrinogen, and fresh plasma on SWNT membranes was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive x-ray, and direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Platelet adhesion and activation were investigated in vitro using SEM observation, and via flow cytometry analysis by PAC-1, which binds to GPIIb/IIIa expressed on activated platelets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nonwoven SWNTs clearly displayed greater adsorption preference for fibrinogen than for albumin. However, adhered platelets were not observed by SEM. Results obtained from flow cytometry analysis further proved very low expression of GPIIb/IIIa on platelets caused by nonwoven SWNTs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The function of adsorbed fibrinogen to mediate platelet recognition, adhesion, activation, and aggregation was significantly suppressed, which induced extremely low levels of platelet adhesion and activation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Chaoying
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiaotian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Sishen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001665:Binding Sites; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D010973:Platelet Adhesiveness / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011485:Protein Binding
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon