title: Deranged expression of follistatin and follistatin-like protein in women with ovarian endometriosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and peptide localization of follistatin and follistatin-like protein (FLRG) in ovarian endometriosis, compared to healthy human endometrium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples of ovarian endometriotic and healthy endometrial tissues were processed by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic health centers in Siena, Italy, and Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with endometrioma who underwent laparoscopic excision of ovarian endometriotic cysts (n = 16), and healthy, nonpregnant women (n = 18, control group).
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunostaining and relative quantification of follistatin and FLRG mRNA in ovarian endometriosis and eutopic endometrium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both ovarian endometriosis and healthy endometrium expressed and localized follistatin and FLRG. In endometriotic glands, follistatin immunostaining was homogeneously distributed throughout the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells, contrasting with normal eutopic endometrium, where follistatin expression was focal, irregular, and confined to the basal side of the glands. Follistatin-like protein was immunolocalized in the nuclei of both glandular epithelial cells and stromal cells, with less intense staining in endometriotic samples. The relative intensity of follistatin and FLRG immunostaining was significantly higher and lower, respectively, in endometriosis than in controls. The expression of follistatin mRNA was higher, while that of FLRG mRNA was lower, in ovarian endometriosis than in healthy eutopic endometrium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ovarian endometriotic lesions show a deranged expression of FLRG and follistatin, which are activin A-binding proteins. This may result in an altered effect of activin A on angiogenesis and/or endometrial differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics, and Reproductive Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Paulo B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Florio
authors.forename: Marcia C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torricelli
authors.forename: Fernando M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: Felice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Petraglia
mesh_terms: D028341:Activins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D038681:Follistatin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D038702:Follistatin-Related Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism; D010049:Ovarian Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D038681:Follistatin; D038702:Follistatin-Related Proteins; C422405:activin A; D028341:Activins