title: Nonlinear interaction of voluntary breathing and cardiovascular regulation.
abstract: To investigate the effects of voluntary breathing on respiratory sinus arrhythmia and nonlinearity of heart rate variability (HRV), two kinds of voluntary breathing, speech and breath-holding, were used. The results showed that both types of voluntary breathing diminished the high frequency component of HRV, but speech decreased, while breath-holding enhanced the nonlinearity of HRV as detected by the Volterra series method. This finding indicates that respiratory patterns have a variety of influences on cardiovascular regulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanics and Engineering, Science of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 P.R. China (phone: +86-21-54237273; e-mail: gqwu@shmu.edu.cn).
authors.forename: G Q
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: C-S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Poon