title: Acute effects of hemodialysis on salivary flow rate and composition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate acute effects of hemodialysis (HD) on the salivary flow rate, pH and biochemical composition before, during and after completion of a dialysis session.
  
  
  METHODS
  Unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) and chewing-stimulated whole saliva (CH-SWS) were collected in 94 HD patients. Salivary flow rate, pH, concentrations of total protein, albumin, cystatin C, secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) and of sodium, potassium and urea were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HD had an acute stimulating effect on the salivary flow rate (UWSbefore = 0.30+/-0.22 ml/min, UWSduring = 0.39+/-0.25 ml/min, p < 0.005). The mean pH of UWS showed a small but significant increase during HD mainly due to an increased watery secretion from the salivary glands. The salivary biochemical constituents changed markedly, but no significant difference in output was found. The electrolyte concentration did not change significantly during dialysis. The level of urea in CH-SWS declined to 40% (Ureabefore = 25.+/-6.4 mmol/l, Ureaduring = 15.3+/-4.5 mmol/1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that HD has significant acute effects on both salivary secretion rate and protein concentrations in saliva. We conclude that the observed changes in salivary concentrations and proteins are mainly due to an increased watery secretion from the salivary glands.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit and Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam. c.bots@vumc.nl
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Bots
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Brand
authors.forename: E C I
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Veerman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valentijn-Benz
authors.forename: Y M C
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Henskens
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Valentijn
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Vos
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bijlsma
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Ter Wee
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Van Amerongen
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Nieuw Amerongen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D055316:Cystatin C; D015891:Cystatins / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011188:Potassium / Q000032:analysis; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000032:analysis; D012964:Sodium / Q000032:analysis; D014508:Urea / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: C525030:CST3 protein, human; D055316:Cystatin C; D015891:Cystatins; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides; D014508:Urea; D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium