title: Revising the machine smoking regime for cigarette emissions: implications for tobacco control policy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control includes provisions for testing and regulating cigarette emissions. However, the current international standard for generating cigarette emissions--the ISO machine smoking regime--is widely acknowledged to be inappropriate for purposes of setting regulatory restrictions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review alternatives to the ISO machine smoking regime and the extent to which they: 1) Represent human smoking behaviour, 2) Reduce the potential for industry exploitation, particularly in the area of risk communication, and 3) Serve as suitable measures for product regulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Emissions data from 238 Canadian cigarette brands tested under the ISO and "Canadian Intense" machine smoking regimes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the alternative smoking regimes, including the Canadian Intense method, are more "representative" of human smoking behaviour and none provide better predictors of human exposure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given that alternatives such as the Canadian Intense regime are subject to the same fundamental limitations as the ISO regime, key questions need to be addressed before any smoking regime should be used to set regulatory limits on smoke emissions. In the meantime, regulators should remove quantitative emission values from cigarette packages and more work should be done on alternative machine smoking methods.
authors.affiliation: Health Studies & Gerontology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1. dhammond@uwaterloo.ca
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.forename: Friedrich
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wiebel
authors.forename: Lynn T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Kozlowski
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Borland
authors.forename: K Michael
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McNeill
authors.forename: Greg N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Connolly
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arnott
authors.forename: Geoffrey T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Fong
mesh_terms: D002170:Canada; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D006801:Humans; D011640:Public Policy; D011786:Quality Control; D012306:Risk; D012906:Smoke / Q000032:analysis*; D012907:Smoking; D019460:Tobacco Industry / Q000592:standards; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000032:analysis*; D014944:World Health Organization; D014026:Nicotiana
chemical_list: D012906:Smoke; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution