title: Products from enzyme-catalyzed oxidations of norcarenes.
abstract: Recent studies revealed that norcarane (bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane) is oxidized to 2-norcarene (bicyclo[4.1.0]-hept-2-ene) and 3-norcarene (bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene) by iron-containing enzymes and that secondary oxidation products from the norcarenes complicate mechanistic probe studies employing norcarane as the substrate (Newcomb, M.; Chandrasena, R. E. P.; Lansakara-P., D. S. P.; Kim, H.-Y.; Lippard, S. J.; Beauvais, L. G.; Murray, L. J.; Izzo, V.; Hollenberg, P. F.; Coon, M. J. J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 1121-1127). In the present work, the product profiles from the oxidations of 2-norcarene and 3-norcarene by several enzymes were determined. Most of the products were identified by GC and GC-mass spectral comparison to authentic samples produced independently; in some cases, stereochemical assignments were made or confirmed by 2D NMR analysis of the products. The enzymes studied in this work were four cytochrome P450 enzymes, CYP2B1, CYPDelta2E1, CYPDelta2E1 T303A, and CYPDelta2B4, and three diiron-containing enzymes, soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath), toluene monooxygenase (ToMO) from Pseudomonas stutzeri OX1, and phenol hydroxylase (PH) from Pseudomonas stutzeri OX1. The oxidation products from the norcarenes identified in this work are 2-norcaranone, 3-norcaranone, syn- and anti-2-norcarene oxide, syn- and anti-3-norcarene oxide, syn- and anti-4-hydroxy-2-norcarene, syn- and anti-2-hydroxy-3-norcarene, 2-oxo-3-norcarene, 4-oxo-2-norcarene, and cyclohepta-3,5-dienol. Two additional, unidentified oxidation products were observed in low yields in the oxidations. In matched oxidations, 3-norcarene was a better substrate than 2-norcarene in terms of turnover by factors of 1.5-15 for the enzymes studied here. The oxidation products found in enzyme-catalyzed oxidations of the norcarenes are useful for understanding the complex product mixtures obtained in norcarane oxidations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA. men@uic.edu
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Newcomb
authors.forename: Dharmika S P
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lansakara-P
authors.forename: Hye-Yeong
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: R Esala P
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Chandrasena
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lippard
authors.forename: Laurance G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Beauvais
authors.forename: Leslie J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Viviana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Izzo
authors.forename: Paul F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Hollenberg
authors.forename: Minor J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Coon
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010105:Oxygenases / Q000378:metabolism; D013729:Terpenes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D013729:Terpenes; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D010105:Oxygenases; C114360:toluene 2-xylene monooxygenase; C021555:methane monooxygenase; C022336:phenol 2-monooxygenase; C460459:norcarane