title: Solid lipid nanodispersions containing mixed lipid core and a polar heterolipid: characterization.
abstract: This paper describes the characterization of solid lipid nanodispersions (SLN) prepared with a 1:1 mixture of theobroma oil and goat fat as the main lipid matrix and Phospholipon 90G (P90G) as a stabilizer heterolipid, using polysorbate 80 as the mobile surfactant, with a view to applying the SLN in drug delivery. The 1:1 lipid mixture and P90G constituting the lipid matrix was first homogeneously prepared by fusion. Thereafter, the SLN were formulated with a gradient of polysorbate 80 and constant lipid matrix concentration by melt-high pressure homogenisation. The SLN were characterized by time-resolved particle size analysis, zeta potential and osmotic pressure measurements, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and isothermal heat conduction microcalorimetry (IMC) which monitors the in situ crystallization were also carried out on the SLN containing P90G and 1.0 % w/w of polysorbate 80. The results obtained in these studies were compared with SLN prepared with theobroma oil with and without phospholipid. Particle size analysis of SLN indicated reduction in size with increase in concentration of mobile surfactant and was in the lower nanometer range after 3 months except SLN prepared without P90G or polysorbate 80. The lipid nanoparticles had negative potentials after 3 months. WAXD and DSC studies revealed low crystalline SLN after 3 months of storage except in WAXD of SLN formulated with 1.0 % w/w polysorbate 80. TEM micrograph of the SLN containing 1.0 % w/w polysorbate 80 revealed discrete particles whose sizes were in consonance with the static light scattering measurement. In situ crystallization studies in IMC revealed delayed crystallization of the SLN with 1.0 % w/w polysorbate 80. Results indicate lipid mixtures produced SLN with lower crystallinity and higher particle sizes compared with SLN prepared with theobroma oil alone with or without P90G, and would lead to higher drug incorporation efficiency when used in formulation of actives. Mixtures of theobroma oil and goat fat would be suitable for the preparation of nanostructured lipid carriers. SLN of theobroma oil containing phospholipid could prove to be a good ocular or parenteral drug delivery system considering the low particle size, particle size stability and in vivo tolerability of the component lipids. SLN prepared with lipid admixture, which had higher increase in d(90%) on storage are suitable for preparation of topical and transdermal products.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany. aaattama@yahoo.com
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Attama
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Schicke
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Paepenmüller
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Müller-Goymann
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000737:chemistry; D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D002099:Cacao / Q000737:chemistry; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003460:Crystallization; D004563:Electrochemistry; D005079:Excipients; D006041:Goats; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D010316:Particle Size; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients; D008055:Lipids; D010938:Plant Oils