title: The association of bone mineral density measures with incident cardiovascular disease in older adults.
abstract: The associations of volumetric and areal bone mineral density (BMD) measures with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) were studied in a biracial cohort of 2,310 older adults. BMD measures were inversely related to CVD in women and white men, independent of age and shared risk factors for osteoporosis and CVD.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  We investigated the associations of volumetric (vBMD) and areal (aBMD) bone mineral density measures with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in older adults enrolled in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The incidence of CVD was ascertained in 2,310 well-functioning white and black participants (42% black; 55% women), aged 68-80 years. aBMD measures of the hip were assessed using DXA. Spine trabecular, integral, and cortical vBMD measures were obtained using QCT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During an average follow-up of 5.4 years, 23% of men and 14% of women had incident CVD. Spine vBMD measures were inversely associated with incident CVD in white men [HR(integral)=1.39, 95% CI 1.03-1.87; HR(cortical)=1.38, 95% CI 1.03-1.84], but not in black men. In women, aBMD measures of the total hip (HR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.03-1.78), femoral neck (HR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.10-1.90), and trochanter (HR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.04-1.72) exhibited significant associations with CVD in blacks, but not in whites. All associations were independent of age and shared risk factors between osteoporosis and CVD, and were not explained by inflammatory cytokines or oxidized LDL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results provide support for an inverse association between BMD and incident CVD. Further research should elucidate possible pathophysiological mechanisms linking osteoporosis and CVD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA. farhatg@upmc.edu
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Farhat
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sutton-Tyrrell
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boudreau
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tylavsky
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cauley
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015519:Bone Density; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011859:Radiography; D012307:Risk Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein