title: Cytotoxic effects of aggregated nanomaterials.
abstract: This study deals with cytotoxicity assays performed on an array of commercially manufactured inorganic nanoparticulate materials, including Ag, TiO(2), Fe(2)O(3), Al(2)O(3), ZrO(2), Si(3)N(4), naturally occurring mineral chrysotile asbestos and carbonaceous nanoparticulate materials such as multiwall carbon nanotube aggregates and black carbon aggregates. The nanomaterials were characterized by TEM, as the primary particles, aggregates or long fiber dimensions ranged from 2nm to 20microm. Cytotoxicological assays of these nanomaterials were performed utilizing a murine alveolar macrophage cell line and human macrophage and epithelial lung cell lines as comparators. The nanoparticulate materials exhibited varying degrees of cytoxicity for all cell lines and the general trends were similar for both the murine and human macrophage cell lines. These findings suggest that representative cytotoxic responses for humans might be obtained by nanoparticulate exposures to simple murine macrophage cell line assays. Moreover, these results illustrate the utility in performing rapid in vitro assays for cytotoxicity assessments of nanoparticulate materials as a general inquiry of potential respiratory health risks in humans.
authors.affiliation: The University of Texas at El Paso, Material Science and Engineering, 500 W University, El Paso, TX 79986, USA. karlafs@utep.edu
authors.forename: Karla
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Soto
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Garza
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Murr
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017632:Asbestos, Serpentine / Q000737:chemistry; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007287:Inorganic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000187:drug effects*; D008420:Manufactured Materials / Q000145:classification; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D017632:Asbestos, Serpentine; D007287:Inorganic Chemicals; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D002244:Carbon