title: Kinome profiling of Arabidopsis using arrays of kinase consensus substrates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Kinome profiling aims at the parallel analysis of kinase activities in a cell. Novel developed arrays containing consensus substrates for kinases are used to assess those kinase activities. The arrays described in this paper were already used to determine kinase activities in mammalian systems, but since substrates from many organisms are present we decided to test these arrays for the determination of kinase activities in the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Kinome profiling using Arabidopsis cell extracts resulted in the labelling of many consensus peptides by kinases from the plant, indicating the usefulness of this kinome profiling tool for plants. Method development showed that fresh and frozen plant material could be used to make cell lysates containing active kinases. Dilution of the plant extract increased the signal to noise ratio and non-radioactive ATP enhances full development of spot intensities. Upon infection of Arabidopsis with an avirulent strain of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, we could detect differential kinase activities by measuring phosphorylation of consensus peptides.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We show that kinome profiling on arrays with consensus substrates can be used to monitor kinase activities in plants. In a case study we show that upon infection with avirulent P. syringae differential kinase activities can be found. The PepChip can for example be used to purify (unknown) kinases that play a role in P. syringae infection. This paper shows that kinome profiling using arrays of consensus peptides is a valuable new tool to study signal-transduction in plants. It complements the available methods for genomics and proteomics research.
authors.affiliation: Utrecht University, Institute of Environmental Biology, Plant-Microbe Interactions, Sorbonnelaan 16, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands. t.ritsema@bio.uu.nl
authors.forename: Tita
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ritsema
authors.forename: Jos
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Joore
authors.forename: Wilbert
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: van Workum
authors.forename: Corné M J
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Pieterse