title: Cortical activation mapping of epileptiform activity derived from interictal ECoG spikes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop and evaluate a new cortical activation mapping (CAM) method to obtain the neuronal activation sequences from the cortical potential distributions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interictal electrocorticogram (ECoG) recordings were analyzed for eight pediatric epilepsy patients to find the cortical activation maps, which were compared with the patients' seizure-onset zones identified from ictal ECoG recordings. Various relations between the local activation time and cortical potential were assumed. The most effective relation was determined by accessing their capability to predict the seizure-onset zone. Computer simulations using a moving dipole source model were also conducted to test the present approach in imaging the propagated cortical activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both clinical data analysis and computer simulations, the maximal amplitude proved to be the most effective criterion with which to determine the local cortical activation time. The present method successfully predicted the seizure-onset zone in seven of eight patients by the CAM analysis of ECoG-recorded interictal spikes (IISs). For patients with multiple seizure foci, each focus can be revealed by analyzing IISs with different spatial patterns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The time difference between spike peaks of the interictal events in the leading channel and other channels can be effectively defined as the local cortical activation time. The cortical activation mapping method based on this time latency can be used to predict the seizure-onset zones, suggesting that the present CAM method is useful to assist the presurgical evaluation for the epilepsy patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: van Drongelen
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hecox
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Frim
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kohrman
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000293:Adolescent; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011379:Prognosis