title: Melancholia and atypical depression in the Zurich study: epidemiology, clinical characteristics, course, comorbidity and personality.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A comparison of psychiatric, psychological and somatic characteristics in specified subgroups of major depressive episodes (MDE).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a stratified community sample of young adults investigated prospectively from age 20/21 to 40/41, we defined four MDE subgroups: i) DSM-IV melancholia or atypical depression (the 'combined group'), ii) pure melancholia, iii) pure atypical depression, and iv) unspecified MDE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cumulative incidence rates of the four groups were 4.1%, 7.1%, 3.5% and 8.2% respectively. Women were over-represented in the combined and atypically depressed group. In 56 of 117 (47.9%) cases, melancholia was longitudinally associated with atypical MDE (n = 84) (OR = 11.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Melancholic MDE was more severe than atypical MDE although the two groups shared many characteristics. The longitudinal overlap of melancholia with atypical depression in almost half of all cases calls for comparative analyses of combined, pure and unspecified MDE.
authors.affiliation: Zurich University Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Zurich, Switzerland. jangst@bli.unizh.ch
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Angst
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gamma
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Benazzi
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ajdacic
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rössler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D015897:Comorbidity; D003710:Demography; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D009626:Terminology as Topic