title: Characterization of Vitamin D insensitive prostate cancer cells.
abstract: The antitumor effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (calcitriol) are being exploited for prevention and treatment of prostate cancer (CaP). These studies examined the antiproliferative effects of calcitriol in primary cell cultures derived from transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice chronically treated with calcitriol (20 microg/kg) or vehicle 3x/week from 4 weeks-of-age until palpable tumors developed. This is a report on the response of two representative control (Vitamin D naïve, naïve) and calcitriol-treated (Vitamin D insensitive, VDI) cells to calcitriol. VDI cells were less sensitive to calcitriol based on less cell growth inhibition and less inhibition of DNA synthesis as measured by MTT and BrdU incorporation assays. Similarly, VDI cells were less sensitive to growth inhibition by the vitamin analog, 19-nor-1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(2) (paricalcitol). There was no change in apoptosis following treatment of naïve and VDI cells with calcitriol. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression was up-regulated by calcitriol in both naïve and VDI cells. In addition, calcitriol induced the Vitamin D metabolizing enzyme, 24-hydroxylase (cyp24) mRNA and enzyme activity similarly in naïve and VDI cells as measured by RT-PCR and HPLC, respectively. In summary, VDI cells are less responsive to the antiproliferative effects of calcitriol. Understanding Vitamin D insensitivity will further clinical development of Vitamin D compounds for prevention and treatment of CaP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
authors.forename: Adebusola A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Alagbala
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Moser
authors.forename: Candace S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Donald L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Trump
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Foster
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000378:metabolism; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D065668:Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D014807:Vitamin D; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases; D065668:Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase