title: [Cost of nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor-related toxicity in HIV-1-infected patients].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the impact of toxicity related to nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) on the total cost of medical care in HIV-1-infected patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  . A pharmacoeconomic model was developed from the data obtained by a prospective, observational, multicenter study performed in Spain (Recover). The study patients had developed one NRTI-associated adverse event (AE) that justified discontinuation of treatment with the drug. All costs derived from NRTI-associated AEs in the HAART regimens of HIV-1-infected patients over a period of one year were assessed. The cost assessment (2005 values) included direct medical costs (drugs and AE management) and indirect costs (loss of productivity). The healthcare resources used in AE management were estimated by an expert panel of clinicians.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The use and cost of resources rose with increasing severity of all the AE. The average total cost per patient was estimated to be 4012 euro, which included 1789 euro in drug costs (NRTI associated with therapy discontinuation due to AE), and 2223 euro in direct and indirect costs of AE management (45% and 55% of total cost, respectively). Seventy-three per cent of AE-associated costs per patient came from lipoatrophy (560 euro), lipodystropy (535 euro) and peripheral neuropathy (533 euro).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Management of NRTI-related toxicities is more costly than NRTI acquisition and produces a significant increase in the overall healthcare expenditure for HIV-1-infected patients. This fact should be taken into account when designing the most efficient antiretroviral treatment strategies.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Sant Jaume, Calella, Barcelona, España. jmllibre@salutms.org
authors.forename: Josep Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Llibre-Codina
authors.forename: Miguel Angel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Casado-Gómez
authors.forename: Rainel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sánchez-de la Rosa
authors.forename: María Jesús
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Pérez-Elías
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Santos-González
authors.forename: Celia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miralles-Alvarez
authors.forename: Esteban
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martínez-Chamorro
authors.forename: Pere
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Domingo-Pedrol
authors.forename: María Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Alvarez-García
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moreno-Guillén
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000191:economics; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000191:economics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics; D015497:HIV-1; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006295:Health Resources / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008060:Lipodystrophy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010352:Patient Dropouts / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors