title: A dozen ways to prevent nickel-titanium rotary instrument fracture.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  and Overview. With the increased use of nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments for root canal preparation in endodontics, instrument fracture has become more prevalent. Extensive research has been conducted on the physical properties and mechanical characteristics of NiTi rotary instruments, as well as the factors that can contribute to instrument failure. NiTi rotary instruments are subjected to torque and are susceptible to cyclic fatigue, which are the main causes of instrument fracture. However, with an understanding of how these instruments function in preparing root canals and by applying ways to reduce torque-generated metal fatigue, clinicians can use the instruments safely in clinical practice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The author presents 12 measures that clinicians can take to prevent NiTi rotary instrument fracture and discusses them in detail.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NiTi rotary instrument fracture complicates the progress, and compromises the prognosis of endodontic treatment. However, when clinicians take appropriate measures, rotary instrument fractures can be prevented.
authors.affiliation: Predoctoral Endodontics, New York University, College of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, New York, NY 10010, USA.
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Di Fiore
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003762:Dental Instruments; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D004867:Equipment Design; D004868:Equipment Failure; D017743:Equipment Reuse; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D008153:Lubrication; D009532:Nickel; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium; D019415:Torque
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; C040654:titanium nickelide; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium