title: Tissue kallikrein reverses insulin resistance and attenuates nephropathy in diabetic rats by activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B and adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling pathways.
abstract: We previously reported that iv delivery of the human tissue kallikrein (HK) gene reduced blood pressure and plasma insulin levels in fructose-induced hypertensive rats with insulin resistance. In the current study, we evaluated the potential of a recombinant adeno-associated viral vector expressing the HK cDNA (rAAV-HK) as a sole, long-term therapy to correct insulin resistance and prevent renal damage in streptozotocin-induced type-2 diabetic rats. Administration of streptozotocin in conjunction with a high-fat diet induced systemic hypertension, diabetes, and renal damage in rats. Delivery of rAAV-HK resulted in a long-term reduction in blood pressure, and fasting plasma insulin was significantly lower in the rAAV-HK group than in the control group. The expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p110 catalytic subunit and the levels of phosphorylation at residue Thr-308 of Akt, insulin receptor B, and AMP-activated protein kinases were significantly decreased in organs from diabetic animals. These changes were significantly attenuated after rAAV-mediated HK gene therapy. Moreover, rAAV-HK significantly decreased urinary microalbumin excretion, improved creatinine clearance, and increased urinary osmolarity. HK gene therapy also attenuated diabetic renal damage as assessed by histology. Together, these findings demonstrate that rAAV-HK delivery can efficiently attenuate hypertension, insulin resistance, and diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Juanjuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chunxia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Xizheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Peihua
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Voltz
authors.forename: Matthew L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Edin
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Xin A
authors.initials: XA
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Darryl C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Zeldin
authors.forename: Dao Wen
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015870:Gene Expression; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D020840:Tissue Kallikreins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D020840:Tissue Kallikreins