title: Chargeability measurements of selected pharmaceutical dry powders to assess their electrostatic charge control capabilities.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument (the Purdue instrument) and the corresponding methodologies to measure the electrostatic charge development (chargeability) of dry powders when they are in dynamic contact with stainless steel surfaces. The system used an inductive noncontact sensor located inside an aluminum Faraday cage and was optimized to measure the charging capabilities of a fixed volume of powder (0.5 cc). The chargeability of 5,5-diphenyl-hydantoin, calcium sulfate dihydrate, cimetidine, 3 grades of colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, 4 grades of microcrystalline cellulose, salicylic acid, sodium carbonate, sodium salicylate, spray-dried lactose, and sulfinpyrazone were tested at 4 linear velocities, and the particle size distribution effect was assessed for 3 different grades of colloidal silicon dioxide and 4 different grades of microcrystalline cellulose. The chargeability values exhibited a linear relationship for the range of velocities studied, with colloidal silicon dioxide exhibiting the maximum negative chargeability and with spray-dried lactose being the only compound to exhibit positive chargeability. The instrument sensitivity was improved by a factor of 2 over the first generation version, and the electrostatic charge measurements were reproducible with relative standard deviations ranging from nondetectable to 33.7% (minimum of 3 replicates). These results demonstrate the feasibility of using the Purdue instrument to measure the electrostatic charge control capabilities of pharmaceutical dry powders with a reasonable level of precision.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Juan-Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ramirez-Dorronsoro
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Jacko
authors.forename: Dane O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Kildsig
mesh_terms: D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D011208:Powders; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055672:Static Electricity; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D011208:Powders