title: [One family investigation and risk factors analysis of developmental dysplasia of the hip].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the clinical manifestations and risk factors of the patients from developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH) family.
  
  
  METHODS
  Detailed epidemiology investigation, physical examination, functional movement assessment, lab test and X-ray examination were applied to the whole members of a DDH family.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the family with 9 generations and 218 persons, the incidence of DDH was 31.03% in 145 survivors. Patients mainly manifested bilateral knee and hip joint pain, flexion contracture of hip, limitation in internal and external rotation of hip; a few had arthritic functional disorder, deformation, and limp. The radiography illustrated shallow acetabulum with increased inclination, which encompassed the femoral head badly. Deformation of the femoral head, narrow joint space and osteophyte were also found by X-ray examination. The main risk factors of DDH were genetic factors, gender, birth season etc. The son or daughter with one or two DDH parents had a higher risk for developing DDH than those with no DDH parents. Furthermore, first-degree relatives of the DDH patients also had a greater chance to develop DDH than second-degree relatives and third-degree relatives. The incidence among females was higher than males, and the family member who was given birth in winter had a highest risk for developing DDH. However, there was no difference between incidence of DDH in children and youths and in adults; the incidence of DDH in the immigrants with no blood relationship also did not differ from the incidence of DDH in the family member.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The genetic factors play an important role in the development of DDH, so do the environmental factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemic, School of Public Health, West China Medical Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041 PR China.
authors.forename: Gui-ying
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Fu-xing
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.forename: Zong-ke
authors.initials: ZK
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Rong-sheng
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Luan
authors.forename: Hai-tao
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Zhi-yu
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: You-cheng
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Wen-guo
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Shu-gui
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Zhi-yong
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006618:Hip Dislocation, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010375:Pedigree; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult