title: Probing the molecular determinants of aniline dioxygenase substrate specificity by saturation mutagenesis.
abstract: Aniline dioxygenase is a multicomponent Rieske nonheme-iron dioxygenase enzyme isolated from Acinetobacter sp. strain YAA. Saturation mutagenesis of the substrate-binding pocket residues, which were identified using a homology model of the alpha subunit of the terminal dioxygenase (AtdA3), was used to probe the molecular determinants of AtdA substrate specificity. The V205A mutation widened the substrate specificity of aniline dioxygenase to include 2-isopropylaniline, for which the wild-type enzyme has no activity. The V205A mutation also made 2-isopropylaniline a better substrate for the enzyme than 2,4-dimethylaniline, a native substrate of the wild-type enzyme. The I248L mutation improved the activity of aniline dioxygenase against aniline and 2,4-dimethylaniline approximately 1.7-fold and 2.1-fold, respectively. Thus, it is shown that the alpha subunit of the terminal dioxygenase indeed plays a part in the substrate specificity as well as the activity of aniline dioxygenase. Interestingly, the equivalent residues of V205 and I248 have not been previously reported to influence the substrate specificity of other Rieske dioxygenases. These results should facilitate future engineering of the enzyme for bioremediation and industrial applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Ee L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Ang
authors.forename: Jeffrey P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Obbard
authors.forename: Huimin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000150:Acinetobacter / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D001665:Binding Sites; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D049308:Dioxygenases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D016296:Mutagenesis; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: C519021:2-isopropylaniline; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002273:Carcinogens; D021122:Protein Subunits; C009694:2,4-xylidine; D049308:Dioxygenases; C023650:aniline