title: Reduction of parasite levels in patients with uncomplicated malaria by treatment with HE2000.
abstract: 16alpha-Bromoepiandrosterone (HE2000) is a synthetic androstane steroid that has immune effects in pre-clinical models of malaria, tuberculosis, and infection with human immunodeficiency virus. In pilot studies, 42 patients with confirmed uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria were treated with a seven-day course of HE2000 by either buccal administration or intramuscular injection. Of the 42 patients, 41 showed a 50% reduction in blood levels of parasites, the primary endpoint of the study. Of these, 32 (76%) cleared malaria parasites below detectable levels. All febrile patients became afebrile by the end of treatment. There was no reduction in gametocyte forms. Adverse events were transient and mild to moderate in intensity. The anti-malarial response was generally similar with either the intramuscular or buccal routes of administration. HE2000 shows a safety profile and pharmacologic activity worthy of further investigation to understand its role in the treatment of malaria, perhaps in combination with anti-malarial agents.
authors.affiliation: Hollis-Eden Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California 92121, USA. jfrincke@holliseden.com
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Frincke
authors.forename: Dwight R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Stickney
authors.forename: Nanette
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Onizuka-Handa
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garsd
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reading
authors.forename: Srivicha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krudsood
authors.forename: Polrat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wilairatana
authors.forename: Sornchai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Looareesuwan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000738:Androsterone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D008297:Male; D018512:Parasitemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000254:growth & development*; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; C032020:16-bromoepiandrosterone; D000738:Androsterone