title: Environmental analysis of groundwater in Mecosta County, Michigan.
abstract: Groundwater withdrawal has major economic, social, and environmental implications. In Michigan, recent legislative activity has begun to address the issue of groundwater sustainability. However, more hydrologic data are needed to help inform policy and legislation. A study was conducted in Mecosta County, Michigan to: (1) determine if a relationship could be established between land use/land cover and groundwater quality; and (2) develop a conceptual model for the shallow groundwater system of the study region. In general, groundwater quality was good, with below detection levels of E. coli, low total bacterial counts, and relatively low nutrient concentrations. No statistically significant associations were found between the bacterial numbers and either land use or the physical/chemical attributes measured, which may be because the scale of our spatial analysis was too coarse to detect patterns. Finer-scale, localized processes may have a greater influence on microorganism growth and abundance than coarser-scale, regional processes in this area. Our groundwater analysis suggested that shallow groundwater flow paths are generally consistent with regional surface water flow networks, and that shallow groundwater levels in most of the region have fluctuated within 1-2 m over the past 30 years, with no obvious increasing or decreasing trend.
authors.affiliation: Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, 740 West Shoreline Drive, Muskegon, MI 49441, USA. steinmaa@gvsu.edu
authors.forename: Alan D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Steinman
authors.forename: Bopi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Biddanda
authors.forename: Xuefeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Rick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rediske
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002712:Chlorides / Q000032:analysis; D003132:Commerce; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006798:Housing; D008824:Michigan; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D011998:Recreation; D013431:Sulfates / Q000032:analysis; D014186:Transportation; D014197:Trees; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D009566:Nitrates; D013431:Sulfates; D014873:Water Pollutants; D010758:Phosphorus; D000641:Ammonia; D009584:Nitrogen; D010100:Oxygen