title: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 predicts adiposity in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 is upregulated in fat of obese rodents and promotes adipose tissue development in these animals. However, it is unclear whether TIMP-1 independently predicts adiposity in humans and whether serum levels are increased in s.c. and visceral obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four lean, 16 s.c. obese, and 20 visceral obese subjects were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma TIMP-1 concentrations were quantified using ELISAs and correlated to clinical parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma TIMP-1 levels were significantly different between lean (156 +/- 42 microg/l), s.c. obese (186 +/- 52 microg/l), and visceral obese (198 +/- 42 microg/l) subjects (P < 0.01). Furthermore, TIMP-1 correlated positively with body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), % body fat, fasting insulin, free fatty acids, cholesterol, leptin, interleukin-6, and negatively with adiponectin (P < 0.05). Moreover, TIMP-1 serum levels predicted % body fat but not WHR independent of age, sex, and plasma insulin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrate that increased TIMP-1 serum levels are found with increased adiposity in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Leipzig, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kralisch
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bluher
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tonjes
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lossner
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paschke
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stumvoll
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fasshauer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000097:blood*; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007328:Insulin; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1