title: Catheter-directed middle hemorrhoidal artery embolization for life-threatening rectal bleeding.
abstract: Over the past 10 years, arteriography has become a well-established technique for the diagnosis of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding, but not particularly for rectal bleeding. However, to the authors' knowledge, the technique of middle hemorrhoidal artery embolization has rarely been reported in the literature. In the present report, three patients with life-threatening rectal bleeding are presented, which was controlled by superselective embolization of the middle hemorrhoidal artery or selective embolization of the internal iliac artery as a last resort.
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Mercy Medical Center, Springfield, OH, USA. mubinsyed@aol.com
authors.forename: Mubin I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Syed
authors.forename: Najeeb
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chaudhry
authors.forename: Azim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shaikh
authors.forename: Kamal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morar
authors.forename: Kumar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mukerjee
authors.forename: Earl
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Damallie
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D002404:Catheterization; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D005119:Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials / Q000209:etiology; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007083:Iliac Artery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged