title: Factors associated with dopaminergic drug-related pathological gambling in Parkinson disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate factors associated with pathological gambling (PG) in Parkinson disease (PD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient tertiary clinic. Patients Twenty-one patients with idiopathic PD with PG after the patients began receiving medications compared with a consecutive sample of 42 patients with idiopathic PD without compulsive behaviors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical features, comorbid psychiatric and substance use disorders, personality traits, and impulsivity scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with PG had a younger age at PD onset (P = .006), higher novelty seeking (P<.001), medication-induced hypomania or mania (P = .001), impaired planning (P = .002), or a personal or immediate family history of alcohol use disorders (P = .002). Novelty seeking, a personal or immediate family history of alcohol use disorders, and younger age at PD onset accurately predicted PG at 83.7% in a logistic regression model, with the model accounting for 62% of the variance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with PD having a younger age at PD onset, higher novelty seeking traits, and a personal or family history of alcohol use disorders may have a greater risk for PG with dopamine agonists.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. voonv@ninds.nih.gov
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Voon
authors.forename: Teri
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thomsen
authors.forename: Janis M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Miyasaki
authors.forename: Minella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: Ariel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shafro
authors.forename: Susan H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duff-Canning
authors.forename: Anthony E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Mateusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zurowski
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005106:Exploratory Behavior; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D015259:Dopamine Agents