Implantable blood flow measurement techniques for humans.
A wide range of blood flow measurement techniques were reviewed in regard to development of an implantable blood flow sensor. These include indicator methods and techniques to measure velocity and stroke volume. Most techniques were found to be unsuitable for implantable use in humans. The intracardiac impedance method was favored, though significant methodological obstacles remain.
Locke
Simon
S
School of Engineering, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. (phone: +61 3 6226 2142; fax: +61 3 6226 7247; e-mail: slocke@utas.edu.au).
Gale
Timothy
T
Kilpatrick
David
D