title: Sensitivity of human lymphocytes to genotoxic effect of n-methyl-n-nitrosourea: possible relation to gynecological cancers.
abstract: The aim of this work is to study responses of PHA-stimulated and resting lymphocytes to methylating agent N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) and to compare sensitivity to this agent of healthy donor lymphocytes and lymphocytes from patients with gynecological cancers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cytotoxicity of MNU, apoptotic death of lymphocytes, was evaluated using two common tests--annexin V-FITC detection assay and live/dead double staining assay (nuclear morphological changes). Genotoxic effect of the agent was determined as delayed (secondary) DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) using neutral comet assay both conventional variant and modified for detection of bromodeoxyuridine-labelled comets, produced by proliferating lymphocytes only.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Unstimulated lymphocytes were tolerant to geno- and cytotoxic effects of MNU. In contrast to resting cells, proliferating lymphocytes showed significant genotoxicity (p=0.0054) of MNU followed by increased apoptotic death of cells (p<0.05). Average number of secondary DSBs induced by MNU in lymphocytes from patients with gynecological cancers was about 4-fold less than that of lymphocytes of healthy donors. While lymphocytes from cancer patients did not change proliferative index in response to MNU, the agent decreased 2-fold proliferative indices of stimulated lymphocytes from healthy donors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a reverse association between geno- and cytotoxicity of MNU in stimulated lymphocytes and the presence of tumor. The relationship appears to be based on MMR-insufficiency in lymphocytes of the cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics RAS, Moscow 119991, Russia. tronov@center.chph.ras.ru
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Tronov
authors.forename: I I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Kramarenko
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Kozlova
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Dederer
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Kedrova
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Gorbacheva
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000477:Alkylating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded / Q000187:drug effects; D053843:DNA Mismatch Repair / Q000187:drug effects; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005833:Genital Neoplasms, Female / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D008770:Methylnitrosourea / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D000477:Alkylating Agents; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D008770:Methylnitrosourea