title: Nasal symptoms and signs in children suffering from asthma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A link between the upper and lower airways has been convincingly demonstrated both in health and disease. To what extent the nose may be involved in children's asthma, has so far not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we compared symptoms and signs from the upper airways in children with asthma and in children without to find out more about this.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group included 27 asthmatic children, the control group 29 age and sex-matched healthy volunteers. The children were investigated by a senior ENT-specialist. Their parents completed questionnaires about symptoms and signs of upper airway disorders. Skin prick tests, total IgE, acoustic rhinometry, and an X-ray of the epipharynx were performed. The data from the groups were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nasal blockage, mouth breathing, day time sleepiness, apnoeas, itching, sneezing, and hearing impairment were more prevalent in asthmatics compared with controls (p<0.05). For nasal blockage the mean VAS-scores were 52.4 and 30.6 for asthmatics and controls, respectively. For daytime sleepiness the corresponding figures were 34.6 and 23.1. The adenoid-nasopharynx-index was larger, indicating reduced palatal airway in the former compared with the latter (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As the site of upper airway obstruction in asthmatic children appears to be the epipharynx, the adenoids may play a key-role.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway. sverre.steinsvag@sshf.no
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Steinsvåg
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Skadberg
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bredesen
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009058:Mouth Breathing / Q000453:epidemiology; D009668:Nose Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011859:Radiography; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D023842:Rhinometry, Acoustic; D012913:Snoring / Q000453:epidemiology