The role of the mitochondria in mediating cytotoxicity of anti-cancer therapies.
Optimal cytotoxic anticancer therapy, at the cellular level, requires effective and selective induction of cell death to achieve a net reduction of biomass of malignant tissues. Standard cytotoxic chemotherapeutics have been developed based on the observations that mitotically active cancer cells are more susceptible than quiescent normal cells to chromosomal, microtubular or metabolic poisons. More recent development of molecularly targeted drugs for cancer focuses on exploiting biological differentials between normal and transformed cells for selective eradication of cancers. The common thread of "standard" and "novel" cytotoxic drugs is their ability to activate the apoptosis-inducing machinery mediated by mitochondria, also known as the intrinsic death signaling cascade. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the role of the mitochondria, an energy-generating organelle essential for life, in mediating death when properly activated by cytotoxic stresses.
Nguyen
Dao M
DM
Section of Thoracic Oncology, Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Room 4W-4-3940, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 29892, USA. dao_nguyen@nih.gov
Hussain
Mustafa
M
D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand / Q000378:metabolism
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand