title: Antibiotic consumption successfully reduced by a community intervention program.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The association between antibiotic use in the community and antimicrobial resistance is known. Attention has recently focused on the type of agents being prescribed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To implement, evaluate and compare the efficacy of two community intervention programs--continuous versus seasonal medical education--oriented to primary care physicians with emphasis on the appropriate use of antimicrobial drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  From October 2000 to April 2003 we conducted two interventions: a) a monthly educational campaign in selected clinics promoting appropriate diagnosis of common infectious diseases and prudent antibiotic use (continuous intervention group); and b) a massive educational campaign, conducted before two consecutive winters, promoting the judicious use of antibiotics for treating respiratory infections (continuous intervention group and seasonal intervention group). Sixteen similar clinics were randomized (8 to each group). The total antibiotic use was measured as defined daily dose/1000 patients/day, and compared between the groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total use of antibiotics decreased between 1999-2000 and 2002-2003 in both groups, but slightly more significantly in the continuous intervention group. The DDD/1000 patients/day for the seasonal group in 1999-2000 was 27.8 vs. 23.2 in 2002-2003; and for the continuous group 28.7 in 1999-2000 vs. 22.9 in 2002-2003, a reduction of 16.5% and 20.0% respectively (P < 0.0001). The main change in antibiotic use was noted for broad-spectrum antibiotics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We present a successful community intervention program aimed to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use. Amplification of this type of intervention is imperative to stop the increase in antimicrobial resistance.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Unit, HaEmek Medical Center, Afula, Israel. chazan_b@clalit.org.il
authors.forename: Bibiana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chazan
authors.forename: Ruth Ben Zur
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Turjeman
authors.forename: Yosef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Frost
authors.forename: Beshara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Besharat
authors.forename: Hava
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tabenkin
authors.forename: Avi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stainberg
authors.forename: Waheeb
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sakran
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003151:Community Health Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017723:Drug Utilization Review; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011320:Primary Health Care; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents