title: An afferent vagal nerve pathway links hepatic PPARalpha activation to glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance and hypertension.
abstract: Glucocorticoid excess causes insulin resistance and hypertension. Hepatic expression of PPARalpha (Ppara) is required for glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance. Here we demonstrate that afferent fibers of the vagus nerve interface with hepatic Ppara expression to disrupt blood pressure and glucose homeostasis in response to glucocorticoids. Selective hepatic vagotomy decreased hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hepatic insulin resistance, Ppara expression, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) enzyme activity in dexamethasone-treated Ppara(+/+) mice. Selective vagotomy also decreased blood pressure, adrenergic tone, renin activity, and urinary sodium retention in these mice. Hepatic reconstitution of Ppara in nondiabetic, normotensive dexamethasone-treated PPARalpha null mice increased glucose, insulin, hepatic PEPCK enzyme activity, blood pressure, and renin activity in sham-operated animals but not hepatic-vagotomized animals. Disruption of vagal afferent fibers by chemical or surgical means prevented glucocorticoid-induced metabolic derangements. We conclude that a dynamic interaction between hepatic Ppara expression and a vagal afferent pathway is essential for glucocorticoid induction of diabetes and hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8127, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bernal-Mizrachi
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiaozhong
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Russell H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Knutsen
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Joop J A
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Arends
authors.forename: Pascual
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Desantis
authors.forename: Trey
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: Clay F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Semenkovich
mesh_terms: D000344:Afferent Pathways / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005947:Glucose / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006973:Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014628:Vagotomy; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D047493:PPAR alpha; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D003907:Dexamethasone; D005947:Glucose