title: Subclavian flap aortoplasty: still a safe, reproducible, and effective treatment for infant coarctation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Subclavian flap repair of infant coarctation has been criticized and in many centers abandoned in favor of resection with end-to-end anastomosis. The goal of this study was to examine intermediate and long-term results of infant subclavian flap aortoplasty, which has been the preferred technique at our institution over the last two decades.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our patient database identified all infants (age<1 year) who underwent repair of isthmic coarctation via thoracotomy between January 1984 and December 2004. Procedure details and late results were collected by retrospective review of hospital and clinic data. Follow-up was 95.8% complete at a mean of 6.7 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between January 1984 and December 2004, 119 infants underwent isolated subclavian flap repair of coarctation. Mean age and weight at operation were 35+/-52 days (range 1-269 days) and 3.5+/-1.3kg (range 0.7-9.3kg), respectively. Concomitant pulmonary artery banding was performed in 22% (26/119). In-hospital mortality was 4% (5/119) and cumulative late mortality was 6% (7/114) of patients with long-term follow-up. Actuarial survival at 1, 5, and 10 years was 91, 85, and 85%, respectively. Overall re-intervention rate for re-stenosis was 11% (12/114); 10 patients (9%) underwent balloon angioplasty while 3 patients (3%) required operative revision. All re-stenoses occurred in the descending aorta, and all occurred in patients who had undergone neonatal repair. At late follow-up, there were no significant neurologic events (left recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, stellate ganglion dysfunction, or paraplegia), no clinically significant ischemic arm complications, and no flap aneurysms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subclavian flap aortoplasty remains our procedure of choice for isthmic coarctation, as it is a simple, technically straightforward technique with a low incidence of re-stenosis and serious early and late morbidity. Furthermore, subclavian flap re-stenoses are easily treated with percutaneous intervention and seldom require surgical re-intervention via thoracotomy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Barreiro
authors.forename: Trevor A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Ellison
authors.forename: Jason A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Megan L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Durr
authors.forename: Duke E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.forename: Luca A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Vricella
mesh_terms: D001017:Aortic Coarctation / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013348:Subclavian Artery / Q000601:surgery*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*