title: Stimulation of ES-cell-derived cardiomyogenesis and neonatal cardiac cell proliferation by reactive oxygen species and NADPH oxidase.
abstract: After birth the proliferation of cardiac cells declines, and further growth of the heart occurs by hypertrophic cell growth. In the present study the cell proliferation capacity of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells versus neonatal cardiomyocytes and the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on cardiomyogenesis and cardiac cell proliferation of ES cells was investigated. Low levels of hydrogen peroxide stimulated cardiomyogenesis of ES cells and induced proliferation of cardiomyocytes derived from ES cells and neonatal mice, as investigated by nuclear translocation of cyclin D1, downregulation of p27(Kip1), phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (Rb), increase of Ki-67 expression and incorporation of BrdU. The observed effects were blunted by the free radical scavengers vitamin E and 2-mercaptoglycin (NMPG). In ES cells ROS induced expression of the cardiac-specific genes encoding alpha-actin, beta-MHC, MLC2a, MLC2v and ANP as well as the transcription factors GATA-4, Nkx-2.5, MEF2C, DTEF-1 and the growth factor BMP-10. During differentiation ES cells expressed the NADPH oxidase isoforms Nox-1, Nox-2 and Nox-4. Treatment of cardiac cells with ROS increased Nox-1, Nox-4, p22-phox, p47-phox and p67-phox proteins as well as Nox-1 and Nox-4 mRNA, indicating feed-forward regulation of ROS generation. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase with diphenylen iodonium chloride (DPI) and apocynin abolished ROS-induced cardiomyogenesis of ES cells. Our data suggest that proliferation of neonatal and ES-cell-derived cardiac cells involves ROS-mediated signalling cascades and point towards an involvement of NADPH oxidase in cardiovascular differentiation of ES cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Aulweg 129, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buggisch
authors.forename: Bernadette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ateghang
authors.forename: Carola
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ruhe
authors.forename: Catrin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Strobel
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wartenberg
authors.forename: Heinrich
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sauer
mesh_terms: D000098:Acetophenones / Q000494:pharmacology; D000199:Actins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D050991:GATA4 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048288:Imidazolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000098:Acetophenones; D000199:Actins; D002395:Catecholamines; D050991:GATA4 Transcription Factor; D048288:Imidazolines; D007527:Isoenzymes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014810:Vitamin E; C056165:acetovanillone; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C011775:(3,4-dihydroxyphenylamino)-2-imidazoline; D019255:NADPH Oxidases