title: Prognostic factors in patients with gemcitabine-refractory pancreatic cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to identify prognostic factors in patients with gemcitabine-refractory pancreatic cancer and to determine criteria for selecting candidates for second-line treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of 74 patients who were treated with gemcitabine (GEM) and followed up until disease progression were reviewed retrospectively. Sixteen clinical variables at the time of disease progression after GEM chemotherapy were chosen for analysis in this study. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify prognostic factors associated with survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the time of analysis, 71 patients had died because of tumor progression. The overall median survival time was 5.1 months after first-line chemotherapy with GEM was initiated. Median survival time after disease progression was 2.0 months. Three factors, performance status, peritoneal dissemination and C-reactive protein level, were identified as independent prognostic factors in multivariate analysis. Median survival time in the good prognosis group (patients with performance status 0 or 1, no peritoneal dissemination and C-reactive protein <5.0 mg/dl) was 3.4 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Performance status, serum level of C-reactive protein and peritoneal dissemination were identified as important prognostic factors in patients with GEM-refractory pancreatic cancer. These factors should be considered in determining the treatment following first-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. konakach@east.ncc.go.jp
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakachi
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Furuse
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Ei-ichiro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012074:Remission Induction; D016019:Survival Analysis; D017211:Treatment Failure; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000093542:Gemcitabine