title: Research governance impediments to clinical trials: a retrospective survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to evaluate the delays, between-centre variations in practice, and opportunity costs attributable to delays in research governance approval of clinical trials in the United Kingdom.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Research and Development (R&D) departments at 50 UK National Health Service hospital trusts governing 57 hospital sites.
  
  
  METHODS
  R&D departments participating in four randomized multicentre clinical trials coordinated by our Neurosciences Trials Unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Median delay between application and research governance approval.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only half of the R&D departments used the UK online R&D form. Only a single copy of the application was required by 96% of R&D departments. The median delay between application and research governance approval was 44 working days (inter-quartile range 23-80). A delay of >20 working days was incurred by 43 applications (75%), of which 24 (56%) were not explicable and 11 (20%) were attributable to local funding negotiations. Based on the trial randomization rates at each centre, 108 patients (17% of all patients randomized) could have been randomized during the delay, at a crude cost to funding agencies of 53,743 pounds; if a four week delay was deemed acceptable, 75 patients (12% of all patients randomized) could have been randomized during unacceptable delays, at a crude cost to funding agencies of 37,700 pounds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The UK research governance system incurs unacceptably long and costly delays for clinical trials. Urgent reform is needed, including rapid design and uniform implementation of the 'bureaucracy busting' measures in Best Research for Best Health.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK. Rustam.Al-Shahi@ed.ac.uk
authors.forename: Rustam
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Al-Shahi Salman
authors.forename: Timothy M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Brock
authors.forename: Martin S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Dennis
authors.forename: Peter A G
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Sandercock
authors.forename: Philip M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Warlow
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D006801:Humans; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D016134:Organizational Policy; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D012189:Retrospective Studies