title: Approximation of total visceral adipose tissue with a single magnetic resonance image.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A single axial image measured between the 4th and 5th lumbar vertebrae (L4-L5) is most frequently chosen to approximate total abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume, but growing evidence suggests that this measurement site is not ideal.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to determine the single magnetic resonance (MR) image that best approximates the total VAT volume in a biracial sample of healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used contiguous abdominal MR images to measure VAT area and summed them to determine total VAT volume. The sample included 820 healthy men and women (n = 692 whites, 128 blacks) aged 18-88 y.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A range of MR images had equally high correlations with total VAT in each race and sex group. The image 6 cm above L4-L5 (L4-L5 + 6) was within the best equivalent range for all race and sex groups. The L4-L5 + 6 image crossed the L3 vertebra in 85% of subjects and crossed the L2-L3 intervertebral space or the L2 vertebra for 15% of subjects. Linear regression models indicated that the L4-L5 + 6 image explained 97% of the variance in total abdominal VAT volume, and additional covariates did not increase the R(2) value significantly. The L4-L5 image explained 83% of the variance in VAT volume, and the covariates accounted for an additional 7% of the variance. Rank-order values for VAT can change if total VAT volume is approximated by a single image area. Whereas 25% of subjects changed rank by >or=10% with the L4-L5 image, only 3% changed rank to that degree with the L4-L5 + 6 image.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A single MR image located approximately at the L3 vertebra can accurately estimate total VAT volume in blacks and whites of both sexes.
authors.affiliation: Lifespan Health Research Center, Department of Community Health, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA. ellen.demerath@wright.edu
authors.forename: Ellen W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Demerath
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Miryoung
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Audrey C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Choh
authors.forename: Stefan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Czerwinski
authors.forename: Roger M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Siervogel
authors.forename: Bradford
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Towne
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044383:Black People; D005260:Female; D006262:Health; D006801:Humans; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044465:White People