title: The Escherichia coli protein YjjG is a house-cleaning nucleotidase in vivo.
abstract: House-cleaning enzymes protect cells from the adverse effects of noncanonical metabolic chemical compounds. The Escherichia coli nucleotide phosphatase YjjG (B4374, JW4336) functions as a house-cleaning phosphatase in vivo. YjjG protects the cell against noncanonical pyrimidine derivatives such as 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (5-FdUridine), 5-fluorouridine, 5-fluoroorotic acid (5-FOA), 5-fluorouracil, and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. YjjG prevents the incorporation of potentially mutagenic nucleotides into DNA as shown for 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU). Its enzymatic activity in vitro towards noncanonical 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine monophosphate (5-FdUMP) is higher than towards canonical thymidine monophosphate (dTMP). The closest homolog in humans, HDHD4, does not show a protective effect against noncanonical nucleotides, excluding an involvement of HDHD4 in resistance against noncanonical nucleotides used for cancer chemotherapy. The substrate spectrum of YjjG suggests that its in vivo substrates are noncanonical pyrimidine derivatives, which might also include oxidized nucleobases such as 5-formyluracil and 5-hydroxyuracil.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany. bjoern@itg.fzk.de
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Titz
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Häuser
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Engelbrecher
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Uetz
mesh_terms: D001374:Azacitidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004249:DNA Damage; D000077209:Decitabine; D003857:Deoxyuridine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D008954:Models, Biological; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009154:Mutation; D009699:N-Glycosyl Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009708:Nucleotidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009963:Orotic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013938:Thymidine Monophosphate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D014529:Uridine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D013938:Thymidine Monophosphate; C001943:5-fluorouridine; D009963:Orotic Acid; D000077209:Decitabine; C001242:5-fluoroorotic acid; D009708:Nucleotidases; C497359:YjjG protein, E coli; C030287:nucleotidase; D009699:N-Glycosyl Hydrolases; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine; D001374:Azacitidine; D005472:Fluorouracil; D003857:Deoxyuridine; D014529:Uridine