title: Difficulties in emotion regulation and impulse control during cocaine abstinence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prior research has shown that cocaine dependence is associated with dysfunction of brain systems involved in emotions and motivational states.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether difficulties in emotion regulation are associated with early cocaine abstinence using the recently validated Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Recently abstinent treatment-seeking cocaine patients (n=60) completed the DERS during their first week of inpatient treatment and at discharge (3-4 weeks later), and scores were compared with community controls (n=50).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with controls, cocaine-dependent individuals reported difficulties relating to understanding emotions, managing emotions and impulse control in the first week of abstinence. With continued abstinence, cocaine-dependent individuals showed continued difficulties only in impulse control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cocaine-dependent individuals report emotion regulation difficulties, particularly during early abstinence. Additionally, protracted distress-related impulse control problems suggest potential relapse vulnerability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Substance Abuse Center, Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA. helen.fox@yale.edu
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Axelrod
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paliwal
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sleeper
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sinha
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects*; D000328:Adult; D003042:Cocaine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004644:Emotions / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D003042:Cocaine