title: Pelvic lymph node dissection for penile carcinoma: extent of inguinal lymph node involvement as an indicator for pelvic lymph node involvement and survival.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We identified pathological parameters of inguinal lymph node involvement with the aim of predicting pelvic lymph node involvement and survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 308 patients with penile carcinoma and adequate followup were included in this study. The outcome of 102 patients who underwent lymphadenectomy for lymph node metastases was analyzed further. Histopathological characteristics of the regional lymph nodes were reviewed including unilateral or bilateral involvement, the number of involved nodes, pathological tumor grade of the involved nodes, and the presence of extracapsular growth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tumor grade of the involved inguinal lymph nodes (OR 6.0, 95% CI 1.2-30.3) and the number of involved nodes (2 or less vs more than 2) (OR 12.1, 95% CI 3.0-48.1) were independent prognostic factors for pelvic lymph node involvement. Extracapsular growth (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1-4.8), bilateral inguinal involvement OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.2-9.4) and pelvic lymph node involvement (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.4-6.6) were independent prognostic factors for disease specific survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with only 1 or 2 inguinal lymph nodes involved without extracapsular growth and no poorly differentiated tumor within these nodes are at low risk of pelvic lymph node involvement and have a good prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 90%. Pelvic lymph node dissection seems to be unnecessary in these cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anne P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Lont
authors.forename: Bin K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Kroon
authors.forename: Maarten P W
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Gallee
authors.forename: Harm
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Tinteren
authors.forename: Luc M F
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Moonen
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horenblas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000401:mortality* / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007264:Inguinal Canal; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010388:Pelvis; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D015996:Survival Rate