title: Caveolin-1 overexpression is associated with aggressive prostate cancer recurrence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Caveolin-1 protein suppresses apoptotic cell death in prostate cancer. The objectives of this study were to investigate the association of Caveolin-1 expression with established features of prostate cancer as well as overall and aggressive disease recurrence in patients treated with radical prostatectomy (RP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Caveolin-1 immunostaining was performed on a tissue microarray containing prostatectomy specimen cores from 232 consecutive patients treated with RP for clinically localized prostatic adenocarcinoma. Caveolin-1 over-expression was defined as more than 50% of cells staining positively for Caveolin-1. Patients were categorized as having features of aggressive disease recurrence if they had a positive metastatic work-up, post-recurrence PSA doubling time less than 10 months, and/or failure to respond to local salvage radiation therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy patients (30.2%) exhibited over-expression of Caveolin-1. Caveolin-1 over-expression was associated with higher pathologic Gleason sum (P=0.038) and higher pre-operative PSA level (P=0.024). Patients with Caveolin-1 over-expression were at increased risk of PSA recurrence after surgery (P=0.023) in univariate but not in standard post-operative multivariate analysis. However, patients with Caveolin-1 over-expression were at increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer recurrence in both univariate and multivariate analysis (P<0.001 and P=0.001, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Over-expression of Caveolin-1 was associated with established features of prostate cancer and aggressive PSA recurrence. Caveolin-1 might help identify patients at high risk of developing aggressive prostate cancer recurrence, thus allowing selection of patients who might benefit from early systemic therapeutic intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9110, USA.
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Karam
authors.forename: Yair
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lotan
authors.forename: Claus G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Roehrborn
authors.forename: Raheela
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ashfaq
authors.forename: Pierre I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Karakiewicz
authors.forename: Shahrokh F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Shariat
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D051242:Caveolin 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D013781:Texas / Q000453:epidemiology; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C495540:CAV1 protein, human; D051242:Caveolin 1; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen