title: Nonreceptor protein-tyrosine phosphatases in immune cell signaling.
abstract: Tyrosyl phosphorylation plays a critical role in multiple signaling pathways regulating innate and acquired immunity. Although tyrosyl phosphorylation is a reversible process, we know much more about the functions of protein-tyrosine kinases (PTKs) than about protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Genome sequencing efforts have revealed a large and diverse superfamily of PTPs, which can be subdivided into receptor-like (RPTPs) and nonreceptor (NRPTPs). The role of the RPTP CD45 in immune cell signaling is well known, but those of most other PTPs remain poorly understood. Here, we review the mechanism of action, regulation, and physiological functions of NRPTPs in immune cell signaling. Such an analysis indicates that PTPs are as important as PTKs in regulating the immune system.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Biology Program, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. lpao@bidmc.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Lily I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Pao
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Badour
authors.forename: Katherine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Siminovitch
authors.forename: Benjamin G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Neel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015894:Genome, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases