title: Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and plasma bilirubin changes in rats under intermittent hypoxia treatment.
abstract: It has been reported that intermittent hypoxia treatment prevents oxidative injuries to the brain and protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Both anti-oxidative defensive systems and prevention of free intracellular calcium overload might be the result of intermittent hypoxia. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore the effects of intermittent hypoxia (8 h at 12 % O2 per day) for 0, 7 or 14 days on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in the spleen and on splenic calcium response to the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The results demonstrated that administration of intermittent hypoxia for 7 days caused severe hemolysis of erythrocytes in the spleen and the hemolytic condition was ameliorated by intermittent hypoxia for 14 days. However, a significant decline in splenic weight and an increase in plasma total bilirubin levels appeared in rats after hypoxia for 14 days. No calcium response to PHA was observed in splenocytes obtained from rats after intermittent hypoxia for 7 days. After intermittent hypoxia for 14 days, the calcium response to PHA was restored to the level of the controls. Intermittent hypoxia for 7 days was able to induce higher iNOS expression in splenic tissues than hypoxia for 14 days. These results suggested that intermittent hypoxia for 14 days appeared to involve acclimatization that protects the rats from oxidative injury through less hemolysis and iNOS expression in splenic tissues and by the presence of more bilirubin in the plasma. The increase in plasma total bilirubin levels might be the cause of induced adaptation to chronic intermittent hypoxia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Chau-Heng
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.forename: Chii-Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hwu
authors.forename: Teh-Ling
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Liou
authors.forename: Zih-Ling
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Amy Ru
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Victoria Hui
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Chia-Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Eileen Jea
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Chien
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism*; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013154:Spleen / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D001663:Bilirubin; D002118:Calcium