title: Coinfection with Schistosoma mansoni reactivates viremia in rhesus macaques with chronic simian-human immunodeficiency virus clade C infection.
abstract: We tested the hypothesis that helminth parasite coinfection would intensify viremia and accelerate disease progression in monkeys chronically infected with an R5 simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) encoding a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) clade C envelope. Fifteen rhesus monkeys with stable SHIV-1157ip infection were enrolled into a prospective, randomized trial. These seropositive animals had undetectable viral RNA and no signs of immunodeficiency. Seven animals served as virus-only controls; eight animals were exposed to Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. From week 5 after parasite exposure onward, coinfected animals shed eggs in their feces, developed eosinophilia, and had significantly higher mRNA expression of the T-helper type 2 cytokine interleukin-4 (P = 0.001) than animals without schistosomiasis. Compared to virus-only controls, viral replication was significantly increased in coinfected monkeys (P = 0.012), and the percentage of their CD4(+) CD29(+) memory cells decreased over time (P = 0.05). Thus, S. mansoni coinfection significantly increased viral replication and induced T-cell subset alterations in monkeys with chronic SHIV clade C infection.
authors.affiliation: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115-6084, USA.
authors.forename: Mila
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ayash-Rashkovsky
authors.forename: Agnès-Laurence
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Chenine
authors.forename: Lisa N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Steele
authors.forename: Sandra J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ruijiang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hofmann-Lehmann
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Else
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Augostini
authors.forename: Harold M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: McClure
authors.forename: W Evan
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Secor
authors.forename: Ruth M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ruprecht
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004802:Eosinophilia; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D019012:Integrin beta1 / Q000032:analysis; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni; D012555:Schistosomiasis mansoni / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D019562:Viral Load; D014766:Viremia; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D015704:CD4 Antigens; D019012:Integrin beta1; D012367:RNA, Viral; D015847:Interleukin-4