title: Orthodontics in 3 millennia. Chapter 13: the temporomandibular joint and orthognathic surgery.
abstract: The temporomandibular joint has always been the practitioner's no-man's land. Who's in charge here? The general dentist, the prosthodontist, the oral surgeon, the otolaryngologist, the psychiatrist, or the orthodontist? Theories about the cause of problems are as varied as the specialties involved. Is the cause anatomic, occlusal, neuromuscular, myofascial, psychological, or multifactorial? In another adjunctive domain, the major early advances in orthognathic surgery were the discovery of anesthesia, the experiences of World War I surgeons, and the refinement of maxillary techniques.
authors.forename: Norman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wahl
mesh_terms: D003725:Dental Articulators / Q000266:history; D003768:Dental Occlusion, Centric; D017266:Dental Prosthesis / Q000266:history; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000601:surgery*; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery*; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery*; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000266:history*; D019340:Osteotomy, Le Fort / Q000266:history*; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000266:history; D014716:Vertical Dimension