title: Significant GH deficiency after long-term cure by surgery in adult patients with Cushing's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Impaired GH secretion usually accompanies Cushing's syndrome and a variable proportion of patients reportedly fail to recover normal GH secretion after successful treatment. This wide variability is most probably due to differences in the treatment (i.e. surgery and/or radiotherapy), timing of patient re-evaluation after surgery and dynamic tests employed to challenge GH secretion, and hinders a precise assessment of risk of GH deficiency after cure. The aim of the present study is to evaluate GH secretory status after long-term cure of Cushing's disease achieved by surgery alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 34 patients (27 females and 7 males, age range 21-68 years) formerly affected by Cushing's disease. Patients were studied 2-20 years (median 3.3 years) following remission of hypercortisolism; all patients underwent transsphenoidal surgery with the removal of an ACTH-secreting adenoma; repeat pituitary surgery for relapse was performed in two patients while bilateral adrenalectomy was necessary in two patients. In all subjects, the GH response to GHRH+arginine stimulation was evaluated. At the time of testing, 13 patients were still on steroid replacement therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In long-term surgical remission, 22 patients (65.0%) presented subnormal GH secretion; partial GH deficiency (GH peak <16.5 microg/l) was found in 11 patients and severe GH deficiency (GH peak <9 microg/l) in another 11. Male gender and length of hypercortisolism were risk factors for postsurgical GH deficiency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates the presence of GH deficiency in a high percentage of patients with Cushing's disease after long-term remission of hypercortisolism obtained by surgery alone. Male gender and length of hypercortisolism are the most significant predictors of postsurgical GH deficiency. This finding is significant as it highlights that even the most favourable therapeutical course, i.e. remission achieved by surgery alone, is accompanied by impaired GH secretion. Assessment of GH secretion is therefore recommended for all patients cured from Cushing's disease, even if not submitted to radiotherapy. Studies on the clinical impact of GH deficiency and the use of GH replacement therapy seem warranted in patients cured from Cushing's disease.
authors.affiliation: Ospedale San Luca Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, University of Milan, via Spagnoletto 3, I-20149 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pecori Giraldi
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andrioli
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Marinis
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giampietro
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Martin
authors.forename: Eugenia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sacco
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scacchi
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pontecorvi
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cavagnini
mesh_terms: D049913:ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001120:Arginine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003480:Cushing Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency*; D006801:Humans; D007018:Hypopituitarism / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012074:Remission Induction; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution
chemical_list: D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone; D001120:Arginine