title: Evaluation of anti-diarrhoeal and anti-ulcerogenic potential of ethanol extract of Carpolobia lutea leaves in rodents.
abstract: The effect of ethanol extract of Carpolobia lutea leaves on experimentally induced diarrhoea and ulcers was studied in rodents. The extract (245-735 mg/kg) inhibited small intestinal transit time (15.10-45.03%), castor oil-induced diarrhoea (25.69-43.54%) and fluid accumulation (7.53-34.15%), respectively, as well as indomethancin (47.64-79.79%) and ethanol-induced (65.63-89.65%) ulcer models. The various degrees of inhibitions were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of tannins, saponins and flavonoids. Others include cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones and terpenes. The median lethal dose (LD50) was determined to be 2449.49 mg/kg body weight. Though the mechanism of action of the extract may not be fully understood, the extract may in part be mediating its actions through its inhibitory effects on alpha2-adrenoceptor and cholinergic (anti-muscarinic receptor) systems or through the actions of its active metabolites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. paulnwafor@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Nwafor
authors.forename: Augustine I L
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Bassey
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000930:Antidiarrheals / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit / Q000187:drug effects; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D016488:Medicine, African Traditional; D051379:Mice; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D029608:Polygalaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D018341:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2 / Q000187:drug effects; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D000930:Antidiarrheals; D010936:Plant Extracts; D018341:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; D000109:Acetylcholine