title: Measuring the stringency of states' indoor tanning regulations: instrument development and outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to describe the development of an instrument to quantify the stringency of state indoor tanning legislation in the United States, and the instrument's psychometric properties. The instrument was then used to rate the stringency of state laws.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 35-item instrument was developed. An overall stringency measure and 9 stringency subscales were developed, including one measuring minors' access to indoor tanning. Stringency measures showed good internal consistency and interrater reliability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 55% of the 50 states and the District of Columbia had any indoor tanning law, and 41% had any law addressing minors' access. Oregon, Illinois, South Carolina, Florida, Indiana, Iowa, and Rhode Island had high overall stringency scores, and Texas and New Hampshire were the most restrictive with regard to minors' access.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurement of actual enforcement of the laws was not included in this study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The instrument appears to be an easy-to-use, reliable, and valid methodology. Application of the instrument to actual laws showed that, in general, state laws are relatively weak, although there was considerable variability by state.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, CA 92123, USA. swoodruff@projects.sdsu.edu
authors.forename: Susan I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Woodruff
authors.forename: Latrice C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Pichon
authors.forename: Katherine D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Hoerster
authors.forename: Jean L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Forster
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gilmer
authors.forename: Joni A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mayer
mesh_terms: D001505:Beauty Culture / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D033161:Government Regulation; D006370:Heliotherapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D013219:State Government; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014481:United States