title: Androgens in women with anorexia nervosa and normal-weight women with hypothalamic amenorrhea.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anorexia nervosa and normal-weight hypothalamic amenorrhea are characterized by hypogonadism and hypercortisolemia. However, it is not known whether these endocrine abnormalities result in reductions in adrenal and/ or ovarian androgens or androgen precursors in such women, nor is it known whether relative androgen deficiency contributes to abnormalities in bone density and body composition in this population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to determine whether endogenous androgen and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels: 1) are reduced in women with anorexia nervosa and normal-weight hypothalamic amenorrhea, 2) are reduced further by oral contraceptives in women with anorexia nervosa, and 3) are predictors of weight, body composition, or bone density in such women.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional study at a general clinical research center.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 217 women were studied: 137 women with anorexia nervosa not receiving oral contraceptives, 32 women with anorexia nervosa receiving oral contraceptives, 21 normal-weight women with hypothalamic amenorrhea, and 27 healthy eumenorrheic controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Testosterone, free testosterone, DHEAS, bone density, fat-free mass, and fat mass were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endogenous total and free testosterone, but not DHEAS, were lower in women with anorexia nervosa than in controls. More marked reductions in both free testosterone and DHEAS were observed in women with anorexia nervosa receiving oral contraceptives. In contrast, normal-weight women with hypothalamic amenorrhea had normal androgen and DHEAS levels. Lower free testosterone, total testosterone, and DHEAS levels predicted lower bone density at most skeletal sites measured, and free testosterone was positively associated with fat-free mass.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Androgen levels are low, appear to be even further reduced by oral contraceptive use, and are predictors of bone density and fat-free mass in women with anorexia nervosa. Interventional studies are needed to confirm these findings and determine whether oral contraceptive use, mediated by reductions in endogenous androgen levels, is deleterious to skeletal health in such women.
authors.affiliation: Neuroendocrine Unit, Harris Center, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. KKMiller@Partners.org
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Lawson
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mathur
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Wexler
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Meenaghan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Misra
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Herzog
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Klibanski
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D000328:Adult; D000568:Amenorrhea / Q000097:blood*; D000728:Androgens / Q000097:blood*; D000856:Anorexia Nervosa / Q000097:blood*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D015519:Bone Density; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007027:Hypothalamic Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate