title: Reexamining the egg-box model in calcium-alginate gels with X-ray diffraction.
abstract: The structure of the Ca--alginate junction zones was investigated with X-ray scattering on gels prepared with different methods. Fiber diffraction reveals the popular egg-box model may not be the only possible structure for the junction zones. The (001) reflection, which should be extinguished due to 2/1 helical conformation in the egg-box model, was observed. This was further confirmed by the measurements on Ca--alginate gel beads prepared at different pH where large pieces were formed through a relatively slow process, which leads to a higher crystallinity and a more perfect ordering. The results suggest a 3/1 helical conformation is more proper for Ca--alginate gels formed slowly. This does not exclude the possibility for the 2/1 helical conformation in fast gelatinized Ca--alginate in which the 2/1 helix is a metastable form. Comparing the X-ray scattering results of the fresh, dehydrated, and rehydrated gels, a reversible aggregation of junction zones is found during dehydration and rehydration. The different stabilities of initial bonds and bonds formed during drying are speculated to be the contribution of MG block or short G blocks in the junction zones.
authors.affiliation: Unilever Food and Health Research Institute, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, 3133 AT Vlaardingen, The Netherlands. lbli@ustc.edu.cn
authors.forename: Liangbin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yapeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vreeker
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Appelqvist
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mendes
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry*; D003460:Crystallization; D005782:Gels; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008956:Models, Chemical; D015394:Molecular Structure; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D005782:Gels; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D020723:Glucuronic Acid