title: Intraoperative localization of early-stage upper gastrointestinal tumors using a magnetic marking clip-detecting system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intraoperative tumor localization often is difficult during laparoscopic surgery for early-stage upper gastrointestinal tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study enrolled 15 patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrectomy. A magnetic marking clip-detecting system was used to apply a marking clip to the tumor site during preoperative gastroscopy, and to detect a marking magnetic body.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a basic ex vivo study, the mean permeance rate on the gastric wall serosal surface was 0.97 +/- 0.01. Magnetic flux densities required for exploration were 52.6 mT on the gastric wall serosal surface and 312.4 mT 10 mm away from the surface. In a clinical study, the mean distance between the detected tumor site and the clip along the longitudinal axis was 8.3 +/- 3.2 mm. The mean detection time was 5.7 +/- 2.3 min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The magnetic marking clip-detecting system may be useful for tumor site detection during laparoscopic gastrectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuki, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan. ohdairaws@jichi.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohdaira
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagai
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008280:Magnetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D041742:Upper Gastrointestinal Tract