title: The influence of commercially pure titanium and titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy on the final shade of low-fusing porcelain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to investigate the influence of commercially pure titanium (PTi) and titanium-aluminum-vanadium (Ti-6Al-4V) alloys (TiA) on the final shade of low-fusing porcelain bonded to them and to compare the shade changes with those of three conventional metal-ceramic systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  A titanium casting unit was used to cast PTi and Ti-6Al-4V alloy specimens followed by A3 shade low-fusing porcelain (Noritake) being bonded to them. Gold-based (AuA), palladium-based (PdA), and nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) alloys were cast with an automatic centrifugal casting machine, then A3 shade conventional porcelain material (Vita, VMK 95) was applied to them. Ten specimens of each metal were then fabricated. The CIE L* a* b* color coordinates of the specimens were measured with a spectrophotometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All alloys had significant color changes when compared with A3 shade tabs. The color differences from the shade tabs were 5.79 for the Ti-6Al-4V group, 6.46 for PdA alloy, 8.12 for AuA alloy, 8.15 for Ni-Cr alloy, and 12.58 for PTi. The specimens differed from the shade tabs primarily because of the differences in a* and b* coordinate values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Predictable shade reproduction of metal-ceramic restorations (MCRs) may be impaired by the underlying metal. The PTi had the greatest color differences among all the tested metal when compared with the shade tabs, whereas the Ti-6Al-4V alloy had the lowest. PTi is more likely to affect the final shade of low-fusing porcelain than Ti-6Al-4V alloy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. alwazzan@ksu.edu.sa
authors.forename: Khalid A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Al Wazzan
authors.forename: Ibrahim S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Al Hussaini
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003116:Color; D003124:Colorimetry; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003735:Dental Casting Technique; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys; D017797:Prosthesis Coloring; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D003722:Dental Alloys; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys; D003776:Dental Porcelain; C031462:titanium alloy (TiAl6V4); D014025:Titanium