title: In vitro and in vivo activities of synthetic trioxolanes against major human schistosome species.
abstract: Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that remains of considerable public health significance in tropical and subtropical environments. Since the mainstay of schistosomiasis control is chemotherapy with a single drug, praziquantel, drug resistance is a concern. Here, we present new data on the antischistosomal properties of representative synthetic 1,2,4-trioxolanes (OZs). Exposure of adult Schistosoma mansoni for 24 h to a medium containing 20 mug/ml OZ209 reduced worm motor activity, induced tegumental alterations, and killed worms within 72 h. While exposure of S. mansoni to OZ78 had no apparent effect, addition of hemin reduced worm motor activity and caused tegumental damage. Administration of single 200-mg/kg of body weight oral doses of OZ78, OZ209, and OZ288 to mice harboring a juvenile S. mansoni infection resulted in worm burden reductions of 82.0 to 95.4%. In the adult infection model in mice, single 400-mg/kg doses of these compounds resulted in a maximum total worm burden reduction of 52.2%. High worm burden reductions (71.7 to 86.5%) were observed after administration of single 200-mg/kg doses of OZ78 and OZ288 to hamsters infected with either juvenile or adult S. mansoni. A single 200-mg/kg dose of OZ78 to hamsters infected with adult Schistosoma japonicum resulted in total and female worm burden reductions of 94.2 to 100%. Our results, along with the low toxicity, metabolic stability, and good pharmacokinetic properties of the OZs, indicate the potential for the development of novel broad-spectrum antischistosomal OZ drug candidates.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shu-Hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Keiser
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chollet
authors.forename: Jürg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Utzinger
authors.forename: Yuxiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Yvette
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Endriss
authors.forename: Jonathan L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Vennerstrom
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanner
mesh_terms: D000218:Adamantane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000818:Animals; D000980:Antiplatyhelmintic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006224:Cricetinae; D006573:Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D012549:Schistosoma japonicum / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D012552:Schistosomiasis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012556:Schistosomicides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013141:Spiro Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D000980:Antiplatyhelmintic Agents; D006573:Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring; D012556:Schistosomicides; D013141:Spiro Compounds; D000218:Adamantane