title: Comparison of the temporary diagnostic relief of transforaminal epidural steroid injection approaches: conventional versus posterolateral technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Conventional transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI) has several problems. The purpose of this study was to compare the temporary diagnostic relief and advantages of TFESI performed using the conventional and posterolateral approaches.
  
  
  METHODS
  From August to December 2004, 187 patients received TFESI for lumbar radicular pain. A total of 108 patients (65 women, 43 men; mean age, 56 years) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In essence, the needle target point was the "safe triangle," but if there was a possibility that the needle could penetrate the nerve root or that the injectate could contact spinal nerve, posterolateral TFESI was used as an alternative. Image analyses of needle positions and chart reviews were performed. Logistic regression analysis and t test were used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 108 patients, 75 (69.4%) showed an improvement at 2 weeks after TFESI. In 46 patients (42.6%), the needle was located in the posterolateral epidural space, and 33 (71.7%) of those experienced pain relief. Of the 62 patients in whom the needle was located in the anterior epidural position, 42 (68%) experienced pain relief. There was a significant reduction in pain sense for the posterolateral approach (P < .05). However, no statistical difference was found between the 2 approaches and temporary diagnostic relief, and no correlation was found between the other variables tested and temporary diagnostic relief (P > .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that the posterolateral approach is an alternative method for TFESI in cases where needle tip positioning in the anterior epidural space is difficult.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Korea.
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: J-Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Kwon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004824:Epidural Space / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007268:Injections, Epidural / Q000379:methods*; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011843:Radiculopathy / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011859:Radiography; D013126:Spinal Nerve Roots / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D013256:Steroids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D013256:Steroids