title: In vivo evaluation of the trabecular bone behavior to porous electrostatic spray deposition-derived calcium phosphate coatings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) is a new technique to deposit calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the bone behavior of ESD CaP-coated implants with various degrees of crystallinities in the trabecular bone of the femoral condyle of goats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the ESD technique, thin porous CaP coatings were deposited on tapered, conical, screw-shaped titanium implants. Three different heat-treatments were applied, resulting in amorphous CaP (400 degrees C, ESD1), crystalline carbonate apatite (500 degrees C, ESD2), and crystalline carbonated hydroxyapatite (700 degrees C, ESD3). Implants were inserted into the trabecular bone of the femoral condyles of goats for 12 weeks, and titanium (Ti) implants served as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that ESD-derived coatings are osteocompatible. Histomorphometrical analysis showed that the application of a CaP coating resulted in more bone contact along the press-fit area of the implant compared with the Ti implants. Moreover, the percentage bone contact of the ESD3-coated implants was increased, compared with the Ti control group. Regarding the other coatings, no differences were found compared with the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Crystalline carbonated hydroxyapatite ESD-coated implants positively influenced the biological performance compared with Ti control implants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marijke C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Siebers
authors.forename: Joop G C
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Wolke
authors.forename: X Frank
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Walboomers
authors.forename: Sander C G
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Leeuwenburgh
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jansen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001031:Apatites / Q000737:chemistry; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D003460:Crystallization; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D005270:Femur Head / Q000601:surgery*; D006041:Goats; D006358:Hot Temperature; D055672:Static Electricity; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D015921:Dental Implants; C020243:calcium phosphate; D014025:Titanium