title: Association of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene with type 2 diabetes mellitus varies by physical activity among non-Hispanic whites from Colorado.
abstract: The objective of the study was to test for an association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the Pro12Ala polymorphism in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene (PPAR-gamma) in families from Colorado. We were also interested in whether there was any modification by diet or physical activity. We studied 216 Hispanic pedigrees (1850 nuclear families) and 236 non-Hispanic white (NHW) pedigrees (1240 families) from the San Luis Valley and Denver, CO. We genotyped the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma gene. Historical physical activity (average metabolic equivalent task units per week) as well as average dietary intake over the past year was assessed by self-report. Using the family-based association test, we found that in NHWs the Pro12 allele was associated with T2DM only among those with low physical activity (P = .006), or with high polyunsaturated fat intake (P = .034). A significant interaction between low physical activity and the Pro12 allele in association with T2DM was also detected using generalized estimating equations models (P = .022). Furthermore, after stratifying by physical activity similar to the family-based association test, we found the Pro12 allele was significantly associated with T2DM in those with low physical activity (odds ratio, 2.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.14-4.94). There may be a gene-environment interaction between the Pro12 allele of the PPAR-gamma gene and physical activity that results in increased risk of T2DM in NHWs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. tnelson@cahs.colostate.edu
authors.forename: Tracy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Tasha E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Fingerlin
authors.forename: Laurie K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.forename: M Michael
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Barmada
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Ferrell
authors.forename: Jill M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Norris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D015444:Exercise; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics*; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D047495:PPAR gamma