title: Prenatal sonographic features of hypospadia: two- and three-dimensional findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present our experience of applying three-dimensional ultrasonography in prenatal diagnosis of hypospadia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 28-year-old woman, gravida 1, para 0, visited our hospital at 17 weeks' gestation. No gross anomaly was found on the scan at 21 weeks' gestation. Fetal growth was appropriate for gestational age on two-dimensional (2D) ultrasonography at 27 weeks' gestation, but an abnormally curved and shortened fetal penis was found incidentally. Three-dimensional (3D) imaging in surface-rendered mode was used to reconstruct the fetal penis. Multiplanar and surface-rendered images were obtained in the midsagittal, axial, and coronal planes to precisely delineate the ventral curvature of the penis. At 39 weeks' gestation, a term newborn was delivered by vacuum extraction. On examination, the fetus was confirmed to have hypospadia. Karyotyping revealed 46,XY.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  2D ultrasonography could only give indirect clues of hypospadia that was later more precisely delineated by 3D ultrasonography in surface-rendered mode.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kung-Hong
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Joung-Liang
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Guang-Perng
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Pan-Hsin
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Jui-Chang
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Charles Tsung-Che
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Hsieh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000235:genetics; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007621:Karyotyping; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology; D011247:Pregnancy; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*