title: Early apoptosis and cell death induced by ATX-S10Na (II)-mediated photodynamic therapy are Bax- and p53-dependent in human colon cancer cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the roles of Bax and p53 proteins in photosensitivity of human colon cancer cells by using lysosome-localizing photosensitizer, ATX-S10Na (II).
  
  
  METHODS
  HCT116 human colon cancer cells and Bax-null or p53-null isogenic derivatives were irradiated with a diode laser. Early apoptosis and cell death in response to photodynamic therapy were determined by MTT assays, annexin V assays, transmission electron microscopy assays, caspase assays and western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Induction of early apoptosis and cell death was Bax- and p53-dependent. Bax and p53 were required for caspase-dependent apoptosis. The levels of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins, Bcl-2 and Bcl-x(L), were decreased in Bax- and p53-independent manner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that early apoptosis and cell death of human colon cancer cells induced by photodynamic therapy with lysosome-localizing photosensitizer ATX-S10Na (II) are mediated by p53-Bax network and low levels of Bcl-2 and Bcl-x(L) proteins. Our results might help in formulating new therapeutic approaches in photodynamic therapy.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine and Research, Jikei University School of Medicine, 163-1 Kashiwa-shita, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8567, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mitsunaga
authors.forename: Akihito
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsubota
authors.forename: Kohichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nariai
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Namiki
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sumi
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Kiyotaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujise
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006801:Humans; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C117772:ATX S10Na(II); D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011166:Porphyrins; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein