title: Evaluating the use of a scanning laser-derived oedema index to grade diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the Heidelburg Retina Tomograph II (HRTII) retinal module as a tool for grading severity of retinopathy in a diabetic retinal screening and treatment service.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-seven consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes underwent scanning laser tomography using the HRTII. Scan data were analysed using the proprietary macular module software and oedema indices calculated for each of nine topographic macular zones. Two consultant ophthalmologists, masked to the result of the HRTII scans, graded each subject for severity of retinopathy and presence of macular oedema. The oedema indices were analysed statistically to determine whether these correlated with severity of retinopathy and presence of macular oedema.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There is an increased oedema index in severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy in the outer temporal zone compared with lesser grades of diabetic retinopathy (P = 0.001). In patients with clinically detectable macular oedema, the oedema index from the 500-microm-diameter central zone was significantly higher than those without (P = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The scanning laser-derived oedema index differentiated between moderate and severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy in this series and detected diabetic macular oedema. Further development of this technology may provide an important tool to supplement retinal photographic surveillance in eye clinics overwhelmed by an increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. caroline.styles@faht.scot.ngs.uk
authors.forename: Caroline J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Styles
authors.forename: Serena J K
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Charles N J
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: McGhee
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gamble
authors.forename: Mark L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Donaldson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014054:Tomography