title: Protective effects of Gingko biloba on thioacetamide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in rats.
abstract: Gingko biloba (GB) has antioxidant and platelet-activating factor (PAF) antagonistic effects. We investigated the protective effects of GB on thioacetamide (TAA)-induced fulminant hepatic failure in rats. Fulminant hepatic failure was induced in treatment groups by three intraperitoneal (ip) injections of TAA (350 mg/kg) at 24-hour intervals. Treatments with GB (100 mg/kg per day, orally) and N-acetylcysteine (20 mg/kg twice daily, sc) were initiated 48 hours prior to TAA administration. The liver was removed for histopathological examinations. Serum and liver thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) levels were measured for assessment of oxidative stress. Liver necrosis and inflammation scores and serum and liver TBARS levels were significantly higher in the TAA group compared to the control group (P < 0.001, < 0.001, 0.001, < 0.001, respectively). Liver necrosis and inflammation scores and liver TBARS levels were significantly lower in the GB group compared to the TAA group (P < 0.001, < 0.001 and 0.01, respectively). GB ameliorated hepatic damage in TAA-induced fulminant hepatic failure. This may be due to the free radical-scavenging effects of GB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Inonu University Medical Faculty, Malatya, Turkey. mharputluoglu@hotmail.com
authors.forename: M M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Harputluoglu
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Demirel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ciralik
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Temel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Firat
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aladag
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karincaoglu
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hilmioglu
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000641:Ammonia / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000517:prevention & control; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020441:Ginkgo biloba; D006501:Hepatic Encephalopathy / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009336:Necrosis; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013853:Thioacetamide; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D013853:Thioacetamide; D000641:Ammonia; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D001663:Bilirubin; D000111:Acetylcysteine