title: Long-term follow-up of tacrolimus treatment in immune posterior uveitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the efficacy of tacrolimus in immune posterior uveitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one eyes of 11 patients with immune posterior uveitis under tacrolimus treatment were prospectively followed for 1 to 5 years. Tacrolimus dosage was adjusted to maintain blood levels in the range of 7 to 10 ng/mL. Systemic and ophthalmic evaluations were performed at baseline and during follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a mean follow-up of 45 months, no treatment other than tacrolimus was necessary to control the inflammation in 6 cases (54.5%). The number of annual recurrences decreased from 3.2 to 1.29 during tacrolimus treatment (p=0.021). In four patients, tacrolimus was suspended after a treatment period of 27+/-3.5 months and a follow-up period of 12 months free of uveitis relapses. All four were free from relapses following tacrolimus withdrawal. Visual acuity remained unchanged in 16/21 (76%) eyes, deteriorated in 4/21 (19%), and improved in 1/21 (5%). Renal function transiently deteriorated in four patients from basal serum creatinine levels of 0.84, 1.1, 0.88, and 0.78 mg/dL to maximum levels of 1.33, 2.48, 1.38, and 1.39 mg/dL, respectively. This deterioration was directly related with elevated tacrolimus serum levels, returning to normal when doses were reduced. During the overall controlled evolution period, a slight increase of serum creatinine from a basal value of 0.89+/-0.2 mg/dL to a final of 1+/-0.19 mg/dL was detected, which was not statistically significant. All secondary effects were mild, transient, and did not require interruption of long-term treatment to be controlled.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tacrolimus was well tolerated and useful in controlling posterior immune uveitis. Tacrolimus could be considered a real alternative to cyclosporine, and not only in cases of cyclosporine resistance or toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid and Vissum Madrid, Spain. figueroa@servicon2000.com
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Figueroa
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ciancas
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Orte
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001682:Biological Availability; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015866:Uveitis, Posterior / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D003404:Creatinine; D016559:Tacrolimus