Temporal and spatial distributions of foot-and-mouth disease under three different strategies of control and eradication in Colombia (1982-2003).
Outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) from January 1982 through December 2003 were used to examine variations in serotype- and species-specific risk for three control programmes in Colombia: (1982-1983) vaccination, using an aluminium hydroxide, saponin adjuvant, required but not enforced; (1984-1996) vaccination, using an oil double-emulsion adjuvant, required but not enforced; and (1997-2003) enforced vaccination, using an oil double-emulsion adjuvant, restricted animal movement enforced, and slaughter of infected animals. Hypotheses were tested for trend, cyclicity and seasonality in FMD occurrence, and for species- and serotype-specific differences in morbidity and case-fatality. The spatial density of outbreaks was estimated by kernel smoothing. The frequency of outbreaks decreased most between 1984 and 1996 (p < 0.01) for serotype A and between 1997 and 2003 (p < 0.01) for serotype O. Outbreaks occurred in cycles of 3-4 years for both serotypes (p < 0.05). Morbidity was not significantly different in pigs from that in cattle for serotype A-associated outbreaks (p = 0.314), but was higher in pigs than in cattle (p = 0.019) for serotype O-associated outbreaks. For both serotypes, case-fatality was higher for pigs than for cattle (p < 0.009). Temporal variation in FMD incidence provided insight into the expected evolution of FMD control for countries with similar conditions and where FMD is endemic.
Gallego
M L
ML
Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario, Bogotá, Colombia.
Perez
A M
AM
Thurmond
M C
MC
D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003105:Colombia / Q000453:epidemiology; D003710:Demography; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D005536:Foot-and-Mouth Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D029544:Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012621:Seasons; D012703:Serotyping / Q000662:veterinary; D013045:Species Specificity; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013997:Time Factors; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary*; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage
D014765:Viral Vaccines