title: Molecular epidemiologic study of a human immunodeficiency virus 1 outbreak in haemophiliacs B infected through clotting factor 9 after 1990.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Twenty haemophiliacs were diagnosed as infected with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), 1 to 2 years after exposure to clotting factor 9 manufactured in Korea, beginning in early 1990. This study assessed the genetic relationships between viruses found in plasma donors and haemophiliacs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sequencing of the nef and pol genes of viruses from infected haemophiliacs, plasma donors whose plasma was used in domestic clotting factor manufacture, haemophiliacs infected outside Korea, and local controls were determined by nested polymerase chain reactions and direct DNA sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis was used to investigate the relationships among the sequences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both plasma donors and the haemophiliacs were infected with a subclade of subtype B that is a founder effect lineage in Korea.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that HIV-1 transmission to 20 haemophiliacs occurred through intravenous injection of Korean-made clotting factor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A clotting factor made in Korea from blood from cash-paid donors infected at least 20 haemophiliacs with HIV-1 subtype B.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Pungnap-dong, Seoul 138-040, South Korea. ykcho@amc.seoul.kr
authors.forename: Y K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Foley
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Y B
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016913:Blood Component Transfusion / Q000009:adverse effects; D001782:Blood Donors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003029:Coagulants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004340:Drug Contamination; D005164:Factor IX / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015754:Genes, nef; D015751:Genes, pol; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D002836:Hemophilia B / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies
chemical_list: D003029:Coagulants; D005164:Factor IX