title: Methyl recycling activities are co-ordinately regulated during plant development.
abstract: A large number of compounds including lignin, phospholipids, pectin, DNA, mRNA, and proteins require methyl groups for their functionality. A detailed study of the expression and activities of two enzymes, adenosine kinase (ADK) and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH), which are both required for the maintenance and recycling of S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methylation in plants, was carried out. The abundance and tissue localization of ADK and SAHH transcripts and protein were monitored along with their enzyme activities in leaves, stems, buds, siliques, and roots of Arabidopsis. In all but roots and seed coats, the transcript abundance of ADK and SAHH fluctuated co-ordinately, matching changes in their protein and enzyme activities. To evaluate whether this expression pattern was associated with methyl recycling, the protein content and distribution of S-adenosylmethionine synthetase and phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase, a key methyltransferase involved in phospholipid synthesis, were investigated. These were found to accumulate in a pattern similar to ADK and SAHH. ADK and SAHH protein and transcript amounts were shown to fluctuate similarly in tissues accumulating lignin. Additionally, the amounts of ADK and SAHH mRNAs were also found at high levels in inflorescence meristems likely to support their higher rates of cell division. Thus, the results point to a co-ordinated and probably transcriptional regulation of these genes in most organs of Arabidopsis; SAHH abundance is distinctly higher in seeds and roots which suggests it may have a non-methyl-related role in these organs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1.
authors.forename: L A R
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Todorova
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Makaroff
authors.forename: R J N
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Emery
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Moffatt
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D035264:Flowers / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D008745:Methylation; D009154:Mutation; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C090910:ADK1 protein, Arabidopsis; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases