title: Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) of localized prostate cancer: a review and future perspectives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present status of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for treatment of localized prostate cancer is discussed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The technological basis of IMRT and the rationale for the use in treatment of prostate cancer are described. Clinical results from the literature are presented and treatment strategies for further reduction of safety margins are outlined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multiple planning studies demonstrated the dosimetric advantage of IMRT compared to three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy. Though randomized studies are missing, retrospective studies indicate that improved dose distributions of IMRT transfer into improved rates of local control and/or lower rates of rectal toxicity. However, with standard safety margins the benefit of IMRT seems to be limited. Image guidance is considered to be essential to reduce errors of patient setup and internal motion of the prostate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany. guckenberg_m@klinik.uni-wuerzburg.de
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guckenberger
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Flentje
mesh_terms: D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000639:trends*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*