title: [Chapters from the history of biological psychiatry: efforts made to increase the efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy].
abstract: Efforts to increase the efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy are reviewed from a historical perspective. The 'intensive' method, the 'regressive technique' and the 'de-patterning' method are discussed in more detail based on available publications. Side effects and complications of these methods are also dealt with in detail. Finally, an attempt is made to critically evaluate these methods in the context of contemporary ethical standards.
authors.affiliation: Szt. Laszló Kórház, Addiktológiai és Pszichiátriai Ambulancia, Budapest, Hungary. gazdag@lamb.hu
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gazdag
authors.forename: István
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bitter
authors.forename: József
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gerevich
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ungvári
mesh_terms: D001689:Biological Psychiatry / Q000266:history* / Q000379:methods; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000266:history / Q000628:therapy; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000266:history* / Q000379:methods; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000266:history / Q000628:therapy; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000266:history / Q000628:therapy