title: An in vitro and in vivo study of the detection and reversal of venous collapse during extracorporeal life support.
abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate venous collapse (VC) related to venous drainage during the use of an extracorporeal life support circuit. A mock circulation was built containing a centrifugal pump and a collapsible vena cava model to simulate VC under controlled conditions. Animal experiments were performed for in vivo verification. Changing pump speed had a different impact on flow during a collapsed and a distended caval vein in both models. Flow measurement in combination with pump speed interventions allows for the detection and quantitative assessment of the degree of VC. Additionally, it was verified that a quick reversal of a VC situation could be achieved by a two-step pump speed intervention, which also proved to be more effective than a straightforward decrease in pump speed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastrict, University Hospital Maastrict, Maastrict, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Antoine P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Simons
authors.forename: Koen D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Reesink
authors.forename: Georgette V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Molegraaf
authors.forename: Theo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: van der Nagel
authors.forename: Monique M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: Ervin E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Severdija
authors.forename: Dick S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: Frederik H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: van der Veen
authors.forename: Jos G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Maessen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D005112:Extracorporeal Circulation / Q000379:methods*; D006353:Heart-Assist Devices; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D011312:Pressure / Q000009:adverse effects; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D013552:Swine; D014684:Venae Cavae / Q000502:physiology*