Applied force during vitreoretinal microsurgery with handheld instruments.
Applied force was measured in vivo during vitreoretinal surgery in rabbits, in three types of task: membrane peeling, vessel puncture/cannulation, and vessel dissection. Quantitative results are presented and compared with similar measurements taken in vitro in a porcine retina, in which no scleral interaction is present.
Jagtap
Anirudha S
AS
Robotics Inst., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Riviere
Cameron N
CN