title: Ubc9 fusion-directed SUMOylation (UFDS): a method to analyze function of protein SUMOylation.
abstract: Although small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is conjugated to proteins involved in diverse cellular processes, the functional analysis of SUMOylated proteins is often hampered by low levels of specific SUMOylated proteins in the cell. Here we describe a SUMO-conjugating enzyme (Ubc9) fusion-directed SUMOylation (UFDS) system, which allows efficient and selective in vivo SUMOylation of proteins. Although SUMOylation of overexpressed p53 and STAT1 was difficult to detect in HEK293 cells, up to 40% of p53 and STAT1 were conjugated with endogenous SUMO when fused to Ubc9. We verified the specificity of UFDS using SUMOylation-site mutants and showed that the method is not dependent on SUMO ligases. Using UFDS we demonstrated that SUMOylation of STAT1 inhibits its phosphorylation at Tyr701 and discovered p53 multi-SUMOylation in vivo. We propose that UFDS will be useful for the analysis of function of SUMOylation in protein interactions, subcellular localization as well as enzymatic activity.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jakobs
authors.forename: Jesko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koehnke
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Himstedt
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Funk
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Korn
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gaestel
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Niedenthal
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney; D015202:Protein Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D025842:SUMO-1 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism*; D044763:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000098843:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme UBC9
chemical_list: D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; C494079:STAT1 protein, human; D025842:SUMO-1 Protein; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D044763:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes; D000098843:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme UBC9