title: Heuristic evaluation of clinical functions in four practice management systems: a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dentists report that the complexity and poor usability of practice management systems (PMSs) are factors in the slow adoption of computers at chairside.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three dental informatics researchers performed heuristic evaluations of four PMSs to identify potential usability problems that may be encountered during the clinical care process. Each researcher performed three common clinical documentation tasks on each PMS and examined the clinical user interface of each system using a published list of 10 software heuristics. An observer recorded all findings, summarized the results and totaled the heuristic violations across all programs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The authors found 229 heuristic violations. Consistency and Standards, Match Between System and the Real World, and Error Prevention were the heuristics that were violated most commonly. The patterns of heuristic violations across software packages were relatively similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings provide an initial assessment of potential usability problems in four PMSs. The identified violations highlight aspects of dental software that may present the most significant problems to users.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heuristic violations in PMSs may result in usability problems for dentists and other office personnel, reducing efficiency and effectiveness of a software implementation. Vendors should consider applying user-centered design methodologies to reduce the number of potential usability problems.
authors.affiliation: Center for Dental Informatics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. tpt1@dental.pitt.edu
authors.forename: Thankam P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Thyvalikakath
authors.forename: Titus K L
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Schleyer
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Monaco
mesh_terms: D003199:Computer Systems; D003660:Decision Support Systems, Management; D048048:Dental Informatics; D006801:Humans; D008328:Man-Machine Systems; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011215:Practice Management, Dental; D012986:Software Validation; D014584:User-Computer Interface