title: Independent role of conventional cardiovascular risk factors as predictors of C-reactive protein concentrations in rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We elucidated whether factors that determine systemic inflammation in the general population independently contribute to C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  METHODS
  The association between factors known to be associated with systemic inflammation in the general population (age, sex, lifestyle variables, metabolic syndrome features, and estrogen use) and high sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) concentrations independent of the Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) was determined in 94 patients with RA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all patients, the DAS28 (p < 0.0001), ever smoking (p <or= 0.006), waist circumference (p = 0.03), and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; p = 0.03) were independently associated with hs-CRP. Although in patients without central obesity (n = 53, 56%), the DAS28 was the only independent predictor of inflammation and contributed 28%-30% to the variability of hs-CRP, in patients with National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) defined central obesity (n = 41, 44%), smoking contributed 13%, the HOMA-IR 21%, and the DAS28 21% to the variability of hs-CRP. In centrally obese patients, the standardized regression coefficient for the independent relationship between HOMA-IR and hs-CRP (0.401 +/- 0.132) was similar to that for DAS28 and hs-CRP (0.432 +/- 0.144); and the HOMA-IR (p = 0.04) was associated with hs-CRP independent of waist circumference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with RA with NCEP-defined central obesity, insulin resistance explains a degree of the variability of CRP concentrations equivalent to that of disease activity. These findings have potential implications for the use of CRP as an RA disease activity marker, and in understanding the reported relationship of CRP with cardiovascular disease in RA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Johannesburg Hospital, Parktown. Dessein@telkomsa.net
authors.forename: Patrick H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Dessein
authors.forename: Gavin R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Norton
authors.forename: Angela J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Woodiwiss
authors.forename: Barry I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Joffe
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Solomon
mesh_terms: D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein