title: A simple technique of image analysis for specific nuclear immunolocalization of proteins.
abstract: Colocalization of fluorescent signals in confocal microscopy is usually evaluated by inspecting merged images from different colour channels or by using commercially available software packages. We describe in this paper a simple method for assessment of nuclear localization of proteins in tissue sections through confocal immunolocalization, propidium iodide counterstaining and image analysis. Through a macro command developed for the public domain, Java-based software imagej, red, green, blue (RGB) images are automatically split in the red and green channels and a new image composed of the nonblack pixels coincident in both channels is created and inverted for better visualization. This method renders images devoid of both, extranuclear staining and background, thus emphasizing the nuclear signal. The resulting images can easily be used for comparison or quantification of the results. Given the simplicity of the technique and the worldwide diffusion of the software utilized, we think that this method could be useful in order to define standards of colocalization in confocal microscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carmona
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Macías
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Guadix
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Portillo
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pérez-Pomares
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Chápuli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D002642:Chick Embryo; D004699:Endocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D051537:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051176:beta Catenin; D051537:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1