title: Hemodynamic changes in the cephalic vein of patients with hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess via Doppler sonography the hemodynamic changes in the cephalic vein after creation of an arteriovenous fistula, and to compare radiocephalic and brachiocephalic fistulas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three hemodialysis patients and 54 controls were enrolled in the study. The cephalic vein was examined with a 7.5-MHz linear-array transducer. Doppler waveform parameters (resistance index, pulsatility index), time-averaged maximum flow velocity (TAV), peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), and the cross-sectional area of the vessel (A) were measured. Cephalic vein flow volume (CVFV) was calculated as TAV x A.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CVFV, PSV, EDV, A, RI, and PI were 45.5, 7.2, 6.7, 7.7, 1.2, and 1.32 times higher, respectively, in the cephalic vein of hemodialysis patients compared with controls. Both CVFV and A were higher in brachiocephalic patients compared with radiocephalic patients (1,983 +/- 1,199 versus 870 +/- 322 ml/min [p < 0.05] and 50.3 +/- 38.9 versus 21.0 +/- 7.8 mm(2) [p < 0.05], respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increase in cross-sectional area and flow volume of the cephalic vein is larger in patients with brachiocephalic fistulas than in those with radiocephalic fistulas; however, flow velocities and waveform parameters are not different.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon 03200, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ramazan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Albayrak
authors.forename: Seref
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yuksel
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Colbay
authors.forename: Bumin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Degirmenci
authors.forename: Gursel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Acarturk
authors.forename: Alpay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haktanir
authors.forename: Ozcan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Karaman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016121:Brachiocephalic Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003971:Diastole; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D017534:Radial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013599:Systole; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D014655:Vascular Resistance