title: Women's Evaluation of Intrapartum Nonpharmacological Pain Relief Methods Used during Labor.
abstract: A wide variety of pain relief measures are available to women in labor. This retrospective, descriptive survey design study examined which nonpharmacologic pain-relief techniques laboring women use most often and the effectiveness of the chosen techniques. Of the 10 nonpharmacological strategies rated by the sample (N = 46), breathing techniques, relaxation, acupressure, and massage were found to be the most effective. However, no specific technique or techniques were helpful for all participants. The results provide directions for childbirth educators in designing and implementing an effective childbirth education curriculum that assists women to have empowered birth experiences.
authors.affiliation: S ylvia B rown is a professor in the School of Nursing at East Carolina University in Greenville, North Carolina.
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Flood