title: F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron-emission tomography of Echinococcus multilocularis liver lesions: prospective evaluation of its value for diagnosis and follow-up during benzimidazole therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Long-term benzimidazole therapy benefits patients with non-resectable alveolar echinococcosis (AE). Methods to assess early therapeutic efficacy are lacking. Recently, AE liver lesions were reported to exhibit increased F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in positron emission tomography (PET). To assess the value of FDG-PET for diagnosis and follow-up of AE patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six consecutive patients with newly diagnosed AE were enrolled. Baseline evaluation included CT and FDG-PET. Thirteen patients (11 women; median age 50 years, range 40-76) were resected, the remaining 13 (8 women; median age 60 years, range 39-72) had non-resectable disease, were started on benzimidazoles, and CT and FDG-PET were repeated at 6, 12 and 24 months of therapy. Twelve consecutive patients with newly diagnosed cystic echinococcosis (CE) of the liver were also subjected to baseline FDG-PET.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 21/26 AE patients, baseline PET scans showed multifocally increased FDG uptake in the hepatic lesions' periphery, while liver lesions were FDG negative in 11/12 CE patients. Thus, sensitivity and specificity of FDG-PET for AE vs. CE were 81% and 92%, respectively. In 5 of 10 non-resectable patients with increased baseline FDG uptake, the intensity of uptake decreased (or disappeared) during benzimidazole therapy, in 3 by >or=2 grades within the initial 6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FDG-PET is a sensitive and specific adjunct in the diagnosis of suspected AE and can help in differentiating AE from CE. The rapid improvement of positive PET scans with benzimidazole therapy in some patients indicates that absent FDG uptake does not necessarily reflect parasite viability.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: K D M
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Stumpe
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Renner-Schneiter
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Kuenzle
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kadry
authors.forename: P-A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Clavien
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Deplazes
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: von Schulthess
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Muellhaupt
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Ammann
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Renner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004444:Echinococcosis, Hepatic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology; D048210:Echinococcus multilocularis / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000469:parasitology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D011859:Radiography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; C031000:benzimidazole