title: Hypertrophic osteopathy associated with infective endocarditis in an adult boxer dog.
abstract: A 20-month-old, entire male boxer dog was presented with lethargy and intermittent shifting limb lameness. Diagnostic tests revealed aortic valve vegetations suggestive of infective endocarditis causing severe aortic outflow obstruction, and hypertrophic osteopathy of all four limbs. The dog was treated symptomatically and euthanised four days later. The association of infective endocarditis and hypertrophic osteopathy has been poorly documented in the veterinary literature. The pathogenesis of hypertrophic osteopathy is unknown; however, four theories have been put forth to explain this disease: pulmonary shunting, vagal nerve stimulation, humoral substances produced by neoplastic cells and megakaryocyte/platelet clump hypothesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Montreal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Blond
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Letard
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: DiFruscia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D007794:Lameness, Animal / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D010004:Osteoarthropathy, Primary Hypertrophic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D011859:Radiography