title: A cross-sectional study of self-reported chemical-related sensitivity is associated with gene variants of drug-metabolizing enzymes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  N-acetyltransferases (NAT) and glutathione S-transferases (GST) are involved in the metabolism of several ubiquitous chemical substances leading to the activation and detoxification of carcinogenic heterocyclic and aromatic amines. Since polymorphisms within these genes are described to influence the metabolism of ubiquitous chemicals, we conducted the present study to determine if individuals with self-reported chemical-related sensitivity differed from controls without self-reported chemical-related sensitivity with regard to the distribution of genotype frequencies of NAT2, GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 polymorphisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Out of 800 subjects who answered a questionnaire of ten items with regard to their severity of chemical sensitivity 521 unrelated individuals agreed to participate in the study. Subsequently, genetic variants of the NAT2, GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genes were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results show significant differences between individuals with and without self-reported chemical-related sensitivity with regard to the distribution of NAT2, GSTM1, and GSTT1 gene variants. Cases with self-reported chemical-related sensitivity were significantly more frequently NAT2 slow acetylators (controlled OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.27-2.59, P = 0.001). GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes were significantly more often homozygously deleted in those individuals reporting sensitivity to chemicals compared to controls (GSTM1: controlled OR 2.08, 95% CI = 1.46-2.96, P = 0.0001; GSTT1: controlled OR = 2.80, 95% CI = 1.65-4.75, P = 0.0001). Effects for GSTP1 gene variants were observed in conjunction with GSTM1, GSTT1 and NAT2 gene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results from our study population show that individuals being slow acetylators and/or harbouring a homozygous GSTM1 and/or GSTT1 deletion reported chemical-related hypersensitivity more frequently.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Pharmacogenetic and Genetic Disposition, Ostpassage 7, D-30853 Langenhagen, Germany. es@ipgd.org
authors.forename: Eckart
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schnakenberg
authors.forename: Karl-Rainer
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Fabig
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stanulla
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Strobl
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lustig
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fabig
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schloot
mesh_terms: D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005838:Genotype; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi / Q000235:genetics*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010597:Pharmacogenetics
chemical_list: D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C478900:NAT2 protein, human; C413545:glutathione S-transferase T1; C496556:GSTP1 protein, human