Identification and characterization of the TRIP8 and REEP3 genes on chromosome 10q21.3 as novel candidate genes for autism.
Autism is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder of unknown cause and pathogenesis. The identification of genes involved in autism is expected to increase our understanding of its pathogenesis. Infrequently, neurodevelopmental disorders like autism are associated with chromosomal anomalies. To identify candidate genes for autism, we initiated a positional cloning strategy starting from individuals with idiopathic autism carrying a de novo chromosomal anomaly. We report on the clinical, cytogenetic and molecular findings in a male person with autism, no physical abnormalities and normal IQ, carrying a de novo balanced paracentric inversion 46,XY,inv(10)(q11.1;q21.3). The distal breakpoint disrupts the TRIP8 gene, which codes for a protein predicted to be a transcriptional regulator associated with nuclear thyroid hormone receptors. However, no link between thyroid gland and autism has been reported so far. In addition, the same breakpoint abolishes expression of a nearby gene, REEP3, through a position effect. Receptor Expression-Enhancing Proteins (REEP) 3 is one of the six human homologs of yeast Yop1p, a probable regulator of cellular vesicle trafficking between the endoplasmatic reticulum and the Golgi network. These observations suggest that TRIP8 and REEP3 are both positional candidate genes for autism. In addition, our data indicate that in the selection of positional candidate genes when studying chromosomal aberrations, position effects should be taken into account.
Castermans
Dries
D
Laboratory for Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human Genetics, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Vermeesch
Joris R
JR
Fryns
Jean-Pierre
JP
Steyaert
Jean G
JG
Van de Ven
Wim J M
WJ
Creemers
John W M
JW
Devriendt
Koen
K
D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D007446:Chromosome Inversion / Q000235:genetics*; D002879:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10 / Q000235:genetics*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D005819:Genetic Markers; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D056484:Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000235:genetics; D010089:Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating; D020161:Physical Chromosome Mapping; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*
D005819:Genetic Markers; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; C520578:REEP3 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; C520448:JMJD1C protein, human; D056484:Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases; D010089:Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating