title: Modulation of cytokine secretion by pentacyclic triterpenes from olive pomace oil in human mononuclear cells.
abstract: Olive pomace oil, also known as "orujo" olive oil, is a blend of refined-pomace oil and virgin olive oil, fit for human consumption. Maslinic acid, oleanolic acid, erythrodiol, and uvaol are pentacyclic triterpenes, found in the non-glyceride fraction of orujo oil, which have previously been reported to have anti-inflammatory properties. In the present work, we investigated the effect of these minor components on pro-inflammatory cytokine production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in six different samples. Uvaol, erythrodiol, and oleanolic acid significantly decreased IL-1beta and IL-6 production in a dose-dependent manner. All three compounds significantly reduced TNF-alpha production at 100microM; however, at 10microM, uvaol and oleanolic acid enhanced the generation of TNF-alpha. In contrast, maslinic acid did not significantly alter the concentration of those cytokines, with the exception of a slight inhibitory effect at 100microM. All four triterpenes inhibited production of I-309, at 50microM and 100microM. However, uvaol enhanced I-309 production at 10microM. The triterpenic dialcohols had a similar effect on MIG production. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that pentacyclic triterpenes in orujo oil exhibit pro- and anti-inflammatory properties depending on chemical structure and dose, and may be useful in modulating the immune response.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de la Grasa (C.S.I.C.) Avda, Padre García Tejero n degrees 4, 41012 Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marquez-Martin
authors.forename: Rocio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De La Puerta
authors.forename: Angeles
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Arche
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Gutierrez
authors.forename: Parveen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yaqoob
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D054402:Chemokine CCL1; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D009828:Oleanolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; C065971:CCL1 protein, human; C080810:CXCL9 protein, human; D054402:Chemokine CCL1; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D016207:Cytokines; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D014315:Triterpenes; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C077953:erythrodiol; D009828:Oleanolic Acid; C412811:maslinic acid; C013330:uvaol