title: Effects of feeding formate-treated alfalfa silage or red clover silage on omasal nutrient flow and microbial protein synthesis in lactating dairy cows.
abstract: Eight ruminally cannulated Holstein cows that were part of a larger lactation trial were blocked by days in milk and randomly assigned to replicated 4 x 4 Latin squares to quantify effects of nonprotein N (NPN) content of alfalfa silage (AS) and red clover silage (RCS) on omasal nutrient flows. Diets, fed as total mixed rations, contained 50% dry matter from control AS (CAS), ammonium tetraformate-treated AS (TAS), late maturity RCS (RCS1), or early maturity RCS (RCS2). Silages differed in NPN and acid detergent insoluble N (% of total N): 50 and 4% (CAS); 45 and 3% (TAS); 27 and 8% (RCS1); 29 and 4% (RCS2). The CAS, TAS, and RCS2 diets had 36% high-moisture shelled corn and 3% soybean meal, and the RCS1 diet had 31% high-moisture shelled corn and 9% soybean meal. All diets contained 10% corn silage, 27% neutral detergent fiber, and 17 to 18% crude protein. Compared with RCS, feeding AS increased the supply of rumen-degraded protein and omasal flows of nonammonia N and microbial protein, which may explain the improved milk yield observed in the companion lactation trial. However, omasal flow of rumen-undegraded protein was 34% greater on RCS. Except for Arg, omasal flows of individual AA, branched-chain AA, nonessential AA, essential AA, and total AA did not differ between cows fed AS vs. RCS. Within AS diets, no differences in omasal AA flows were observed. However, omasal flows of Asp, Ser, Glu, Cys, Val, Ile, Tyr, Lys, total nonessential AA, and total AA all were higher in cows fed RCS1 vs. cows fed RCS2. In this trial, there was no advantage to reducing NPN content of hay-crop silage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA.
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Broderick
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Olmos Colmenero
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Reynal
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005561:Formates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression; D000455:Medicago sativa / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009851:Omasum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D012820:Silage; D013997:Time Factors; D029921:Trifolium / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D005561:Formates; C030544:formic acid; D000641:Ammonia