title: Ten genes for inherited breast cancer.
abstract: Inherited breast cancer is associated with germline mutations in ten different genes in pathways critical to genomic integrity. BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations confer very high risks of breast and ovarian cancer. p53 and PTEN mutations lead to very high breast cancer risks associated with rare cancer syndromes. Mutations in CHEK2, ATM, NBS1, RAD50, BRIP1, and PALB2 are associated with doubling of breast cancer risks. In addition, biallelic mutations in BRCA2, BRIP1, and PALB2 cause Fanconi anemia. The convergence of these genes in a shared role reveals underlying biology of these illnesses and suggests still other breast cancer genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. twalsh@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Mary-Claire
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: King
mesh_terms: D017766:Acid Anhydride Hydrolases; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D019313:BRCA1 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D024682:BRCA2 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D064447:Checkpoint Kinase 2; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005199:Fanconi Anemia / Q000235:genetics; D000076164:Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group N Protein; D051856:Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group Proteins; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D018095:Germ-Line Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020365:RNA Helicases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019313:BRCA1 Protein; D024682:BRCA2 Protein; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D000076164:Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group N Protein; D051856:Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group Proteins; C112156:NBN protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C512790:PALB2 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D064447:Checkpoint Kinase 2; C576324:ATM protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; C578634:CHEK2 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human; D017766:Acid Anhydride Hydrolases; C112158:RAD50 protein, human; C000618935:BRIP1 protein, human; D020365:RNA Helicases; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes