title: Diastolic dysfunction in heart failure with preserved systolic function: need for objective evidence:results from the CHARM Echocardiographic Substudy-CHARMES.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We tested the hypothesis that diastolic dysfunction (DD) was an important predictor of cardiovascular (CV) death or heart failure (HF) hospitalization in a subset of patients (ejection fraction [EF] >40%) in the CHARM-Preserved study.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  More than 40% of hospitalized patients with HF have preserved systolic function (HF-PSF), suggesting that DD may be responsible for the clinical manifestations of HF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients underwent Doppler echocardiographic examination that included assessment of pulmonary venous flow or determination of plasma NT-pro-brain natriuretic peptide > or months after randomization to candesartan or placebo. The patients were classified into 1 of 4 diastolic function groups: normal, relaxation abnormality (mild dysfunction), pseudonormal (moderate dysfunction), and restrictive (severe dysfunction).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 312 patients in the study, mean age was 66 +/- 11 years, EF was 50 +/- 10%, and 34% were women. The median follow-up was 18.7 months. Diastolic dysfunction was found in 67% of classified patients (n = 293), and moderate and severe DD were identified in 44%. Moderate and severe DD had a poor outcome compared with normal and mild DD (18% vs. 5%, p < 0.01). Diastolic dysfunction, age, diabetes, previous HF, and atrial fibrillation were univariate predictors of outcome. In multivariate analysis, moderate (hazard ratio [HR] 3.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2 to 11.1) and severe DD (HR 5.7, 95% CI 1.4 to 24.0) remained the only independent predictors (p = 0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Objective evidence of DD was found in two-thirds of HF-PSF patients. Moderate and severe DD, which were found in less than one-half of the patients, were important predictors of adverse outcome. The results demonstrate the prognostic significance and need for objective evidence of DD in HF-PSF patients.
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital Department of Cardiology, Stockholm, Sweden. hans.persson@ds.se
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lonn
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Edner
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baruch
authors.forename: Chim C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ostergren
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: McKelvie
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003971:Diastole; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013599:Systole; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D010446:Peptide Fragments; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain