title: Reciprocal sequence exchange between non-retro viruses and hosts leading to the appearance of new host phenotypes.
abstract: Divergence among individuals of the same species may be linked to positional retrotransposition into different loci in different individuals. Here we add to recent reports indicating that individual variance occurs due to the integration of non-retroviral (potyviral) RNAs into the host genome via RNA recombination followed by retrotransposition. We report that in bees (Apis mellifera), approximately 30% of all tested populations carry a segment of a dicistrovirus in their genome and have thus become virus-resistant. Reciprocally, segments of host sequences have been found within defective-interfering-like sequences of a dicistrovirus. Similarly, host sequences were found fused to potyviral sequences, previously described integrated into their host genome. A potential, continuous RNA exchange leading to divergence is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Virus Laboratory, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, Rehovot 76100, Israel. eyalmm@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Eyal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maori
authors.forename: Edna
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tanne
authors.forename: Ilan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sela
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001516:Bees / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology*; D003673:Defective Viruses / Q000235:genetics; D049750:Genome, Insect / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010641:Phenotype; D010849:Picornaviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D017800:Potyvirus / Q000235:genetics*; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology; D016662:Virus Integration / Q000235:genetics