title: Critical assessment of ideal nodal yield at pelvic lymphadenectomy to accurately diagnose prostate cancer nodal metastasis in patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the relation between the number of removed and examined lymph nodes at pelvic lymph node dissection and the rate of lymph node invasion (LNI).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 858 patients aged 45 to 85 years were predominantly treated with extended pelvic lymph node dissection before radical retropubic prostatectomy. The pretreatment prostate-specific antigen level was 0.24 to 49.9 ng/mL (median 5.8). Most lesions were Stage T1c (55.2%) or T2 (40.7%), with a biopsy Gleason sum of 6 or less (62.2%) or 7 (25.1%). Receiver operating characteristic curve coordinates were used to determine the probability of finding LNI according to the number of removed and examined lymph nodes. Moreover, the association between the number of removed lymph nodes and LNI was tested in univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 2 to 40 nodes (mean 15, median 14) were removed and examined, and 88 patients (10.3%) had LNI. The LNI rate increased with the number of removed nodes (P <0.001): 2 to 10 nodes removed, 5.6% LNI rate; 10 to 14 nodes removed, 8.6% LNI rate; 15 to 19 removed, 10.2% LNI rate; and 20 to 40 removed, 17.6% LNI rate. On multivariate analysis, the number of examined nodes predicted for LNI (P <0.001), after accounting for prostate-specific antigen level, clinical stage, and biopsy Gleason sum. The receiver operating characteristic coordinate plot indicated that the removal of 28 nodes yielded a 90% ability to detect LNI. Conversely, the assessment of 10 or fewer nodes was associated with a virtually zero probability of finding LNI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have provided a critical assessment of the concept that the nodal yield at pelvic lymph node dissection is closely associated with the rate of LNI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Briganti
authors.forename: Felix K-H
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salonia
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gallina
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zanni
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Scattoni
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Valiquette
authors.forename: Patrizio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rigatti
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Montorsi
authors.forename: Pierre I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Karakiewicz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000592:standards*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results