title: Severe insulin resistance and moderate glomerulosclerosis in a minipig model induced by high-fat/ high-sucrose/ high-cholesterol diet.
abstract: To develop a minipig model of type 2 diabetes that simulates the common manifestations of the metabolic abnormalities and resembles the kidney pathology of type 2 diabetes in the human population, male Chinese Bama minipigs were divided into 2 groups (5 in each) and fed with a control diet (CD) or high-fat/ high-sucrose/ high-cholesterol diet (HFSCD) for 5 months. The biochemical parameters of blood and urine, and the oral glucose tolerance test were monitored after the feeding program. The insulin resistance was estimated by the HOMA-IR index and the glucose elimination constant (K(G)), and beta-cell function by the HOMA-beta index and the acute insulin response (AIR). Glomerulosclerosis index (GSI) was semi-quantitated by the degree of glomerular lesions in kidney sections stained with Masson trichrome. Extracellular matrix deposition in the kidney was examined by the protein expression of type IV collagen, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP-2) using immunohistochemistry. Feeding HFSCD to minipigs markedly caused hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia and dyslipidaemia. HOMA-IR was significantly increased while HOMA-beta, AIR and K(G) were obviously decreased in the HFSCD group compared with control group. Microalbuminuria, glucosuria and moderate glomerulosclerosis were exhibited in HFSCD-fed minipigs. The expression of type IV collagen and CTGF was elevated whereas that of MMP-2 was reduced in the kidneys of HFSCD group compared with the CD group. We concluded that feeding HFSCD to Chinese Bama minipigs for 5 months can induce humanoid type 2 diabetes and early-stage diabetic nephropathy, and accelerate extracellular matrix deposition and glomerulosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiovascular Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Nanhua University, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zongbao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Weidong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Qinkai
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Manbo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Chi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Junxia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Hongjie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Hongguang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiuhong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000209:etiology*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000209:etiology*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013395:Sucrose / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature
chemical_list: D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D013395:Sucrose