title: FUNC: a package for detecting significant associations between gene sets and ontological annotations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genome-wide expression, sequence and association studies typically yield large sets of gene candidates, which must then be further analysed and interpreted. Information about these genes is increasingly being captured and organized in ontologies, such as the Gene Ontology. Relationships between the gene sets identified by experimental methods and biological knowledge can be made explicit and used in the interpretation of results. However, it is often difficult to assess the statistical significance of such analyses since many inter-dependent categories are tested simultaneously.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We developed the program package FUNC that includes and expands on currently available methods to identify significant associations between gene sets and ontological annotations. Implemented are several tests in particular well suited for genome wide sequence comparisons, estimates of the family-wise error rate, the false discovery rate, a sensitive estimator of the global significance of the results and an algorithm to reduce the complexity of the results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FUNC is a versatile and useful tool for the analysis of genome-wide data. It is freely available under the GPL license and also accessible via a web service.
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. pruefer@eva.mpg.de
authors.forename: Kay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Prüfer
authors.forename: Bjoern
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Muetzel
authors.forename: Hong-Hai
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Do
authors.forename: Gunter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Khaitovich
authors.forename: Erhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rahm
authors.forename: Svante
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pääbo
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lachmann
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Enard
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D016678:Genome; D006801:Humans; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval / Q000379:methods*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods*; D012984:Software