title: Ultrasonographic evaluation of the diaphragm in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
abstract: Real-time diaphragmatic movement was evaluated with ultrasonography in three patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The initial complaint of two patients was weakness of the extremities followed by dyspnoea later in the disease course, while the third patient had dyspnoea as the initial symptom. Ultrasonographic analyses revealed that the contractile function of the diaphragm was not maintained during maximum inspiratory effort, with unsatisfactory diaphragmatic excursion and no change in diaphragmatic thickness during respiration, indicating diaphragmatic paralysis. Ultrasonography may be useful for the diagnosis and follow up of diaphragmatic involvement with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other motor-neuron diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. yoshioka@med.juntendo.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ohwada
authors.forename: Mitsuaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sekiya
authors.forename: Fumiyuki
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ueki
authors.forename: Yoshinosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukuchi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014463:Ultrasonography