title: Effects of a combination fiber system on appetite and energy intake in overweight humans.
abstract: Appetite management may aid energy balance through moderation of the size (satiation) and/or frequency (satiety) of eating occasions. This double-blind, randomized, cross-over design study explored the effects of the addition of alginate and guar gum to a breakfast bar on appetite and food intake. Following baseline evaluations of health, appetite and diet, participants were randomized to receive the fiber containing bar or control bar. They reported to the laboratory after an overnight fast, rated their appetite and consumed the relevant 55 g bar within 10 min in place of their normal breakfast meal. Appetite ratings were again made immediately after consuming the bar and at 30 minute intervals for 5 h. This was repeated for 5 consecutive days (Monday-Friday) followed by a 9-day washout period and a similar 5-day treatment period with the alternate bar. Gastrointestinal tolerance was rated daily. Sensory ratings of the bars were obtained on the first and fifth study days. Twenty-four-hour diet recalls were conducted on three random days during baseline and each intervention period. No significant treatment effects were observed in self-reported appetitive sensations over each 5-hour post-loading period. There also was no evidence of a cumulative effect over the five treatment days. Daily energy intake was not different on the two treatments. Although these data do not support the efficacy of including guar and an alginate fiber combination in a solid food matrix for moderation of appetite and acute food intake, further testing of the concept under different conditions and with different forms of guar and alginate may prove worthwhile.
authors.affiliation: Department of Foods and Nutrition, Purdue University, 700 W State Street, W. Lafayette, IN 47907-2059, United States. mattes@purdue.edu
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Mattes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000464:Alginates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001069:Appetite Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005685:Galactans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008351:Mannans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D050177:Overweight; D053149:Plant Gums / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012528:Satiety Response / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005685:Galactans; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D008351:Mannans; D053149:Plant Gums; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; C007894:guar gum