title: Signs and symptoms associated with the metabolic syndrome in psychiatric inpatients receiving antipsychotics: a retrospective chart review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The metabolic syndrome has been recognized as a major health risk for patients taking atypical antipsychotics. Few studies, however, have examined large samples of psychiatric patients to explore the prevalence of the signs and symptoms associated with this condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  The investigators retrospectively identified all inpatient admissions at the study site who were treated with antipsychotics during 2003 (N = 1691) and extracted demographic and clinical data (including measures associated with the syndrome: body mass index > 30 kg/m2, dyslipidemia, diagnosis of hypertension or diabetes). Stepwise logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with each correlate of the syndrome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the majority of this sample (69.3%), at least 1 correlate of the metabolic syndrome was present. The odds that a patient would have 1 or more of these measures were approximately 8 times greater for those receiving clozapine than for those receiving another anti-psychotic medication. These patients also had increased odds (odds ratio = 2.5) of having hypertension or diabetes. In the subsample of patients with documentation for all 5 correlates of the metabolic syndrome (N = 362), 18.8% had > or = 3 of 5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of at least 3 correlates in psychiatric inpatients receiving antipsychotics is probably an underestimate, because diagnosis was substituted for the blood pressure and glucose measures. Nonetheless, these findings support the call for routine screening for metabolic symptoms in patients receiving antipsychotics. The risk for these symptoms may be particularly high in some subgroups identified, such as patients older than 50 years and those taking clozapine or multiple antipsychotics.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Living, Burlingame Center for Psychiatric Research and Education, Hartford, Conn 06106, USA. Jgoethe@harthosp.org
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Goethe
authors.forename: Bonnie L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Szarek
authors.forename: Charles F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Caley
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Woolley
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents