title: Nonisothermal reactors for the production of pure water from peritoneal dialysis waste waters.
abstract: The diffusion of peritoneal dialysis (PD) at home is somewhat restricted by the difficulty of transport and storage of a large amount of dialytic solutions. This problem is exacerbated in the case of hemodialysis. With the aim of producing pure water to be used in preparing the solution for peritoneal dialysis, or for hemodialysis in general, as one example, we purified the spent dialysate solution from PD. Experiments were carried out with 24 dialysate solutions taken from 8 patients. Pure water was obtained by means of a thermodialysis process in a hollow fiber reactor operating under nonisothermal conditions. Results show that the yield of the nonisothermal process is dependent on the temperature difference applied across the hydrophobic membranes. The production of pure water per square meter of membrane and per hour was equal to 0.55 or 1.2 or 2.0 liters, with a temperature difference of 11 degrees C or 21 degrees C or 28 degrees C, respectively. These results encourage the use of the thermodialysis process in the production of pure water for clinical uses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, and Central Service of Nephrology and Dialysis, Hospital of Ceva, Italy.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Diano
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ettari
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Grano
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Gaeta
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bencivenga
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: D'Alterio
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ruocco
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mita
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: De Santo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Canciglia
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Mita
mesh_terms: D019149:Bioreactors; D015312:Hemodialysis Solutions / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008506:Medical Waste; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D015312:Hemodialysis Solutions; D008506:Medical Waste; D014867:Water