title: Role of non-neuronal cholinergic system in breast cancer progression.
abstract: We have previously reported the expression of functional muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) in two different murine mammary adenocarcinoma cell lines LM2 and LM3. Activation of mAChR with carbachol (CARB) increased proliferation in both tumor cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner. In LM3 cells CARB promoted proliferation via M(3) receptor activation by inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate and nitric oxide (NO) production. CARB-induced LM2 cells proliferation needed both M(2) and M(1) receptor activation increasing prostaglandin E(2) liberation and arginase catabolism respectively. Our present results indicate that CARB stimulates LM2 and LM3-induced angiogenesis and tumor growth. This activation follows different patterns. In LM2 tumor, M(1) and M(2) receptors activation stimulates neovascularization by arginase II and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-derived products while M(1) and M(3) receptors mediate CARB-induced tumor growth by the same effector enzymes. In LM3 tumor, we observe that M(1) and M(2) receptors are involved in agonist-stimulated angiogenesis by COX and NOS1-derived products while tumor growth is stimulated by M(3) and M(2) receptors activation and COX-2-derived prostanoids. Taken together these data present, at least in part, a picture of the regulation that different mAChR subtypes activation exerts on angiogenesis and growth of two different murine mammary adenocarcinomas.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología Tumoral, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO-CONICET) Facultad de Medicina, UBA, Paraguay 2155 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Alejandro J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Español
authors.forename: Eulalia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de la Torre
authors.forename: Gabriel L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Fiszman
authors.forename: María E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Sales
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001119:Arginase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018679:Cholinergic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D018450:Disease Progression; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D009578:Nitrobenzenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism; D043643:Receptor, Muscarinic M1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D043585:Receptor, Muscarinic M2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic / Q000378:metabolism; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018679:Cholinergic Agonists; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D009578:Nitrobenzenes; D043643:Receptor, Muscarinic M1; D043585:Receptor, Muscarinic M2; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic; D013449:Sulfonamides; C080955:N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D002217:Carbachol; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D001119:Arginase