title: Identification and quantitation of usnic acid from the lichen Usnea species of Anatolia and antimicrobial activity.
abstract: Six species of lichens, such as Usnea florida, Usnea barbata, Usnea longissima, Usnea rigida, Usnea hirta and Usnea subflorida, were collected from different areas of Anatolia (district of Antalya, Karabük, Qankiri, Giresun and Trabzon) in Turkey. Their usnic acid amounts in acetone extracts were determined by HPLC. In addition, antimicrobial activities of these extracts were determined against Escherichia coli (ATCC 35218), Enterococcus faecalis (RSKK 508), Proteus mirabilis (Pasteur Ens. 235), Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium. It was shown that with increasing amount of usnic acid, the antimicrobial activity increased. Usnic acid contents of Usnea species varied between 0.22-6.49% of dry weight.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Botany Section, Faculty of Science, University of Ankara, 06100 Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey. cansaran@science.ankara.edu.tr
authors.forename: Demet
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cansaran
authors.forename: Didem
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kahya
authors.forename: Ender
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yurdakulola
authors.forename: Orhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Atakol
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D014421:Turkey; D020949:Usnea / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001572:Benzofurans; C073339:usnic acid