title: Self-efficacy and norm measures for lunch fruit and vegetable consumption are reliable and valid among fifth grade students.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the reliability and validity of a questionnaire measuring fruit and vegetable (FV) self-efficacy and social norms during school lunch among 5th graders.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, students completed lunch food records and a psychosocial questionnaire measuring school lunch FV self-efficacy and social norms regarding consumption during the fall and spring semesters. Test-retest reliability was assessed between fall and spring semesters. The measurement model was cross-validated in the spring data.
  
  
  METHODS
  One middle school in Houston, Texas.
  
  
  METHODS
  275 fifth graders in the 1998 fall semester and 262 of these fifth graders in the 1999 spring semester.
  
  
  METHODS
  FV consumption and psychosocial variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  Principal components analyses, confirmatory factor analyses and bivariate correlations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three scales were identified: Fruit Self-Efficacy, Vegetable Self-Efficacy, and FV Social Norms. FV self-efficacy were positively correlated with low-fat vegetable and fruit consumption. Social norms were positively correlated with total vegetable, low-fat vegetable, fruit and total FV consumption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Self-efficacy and norms for eating FV at school lunch are related to lunch FV consumption. Increasing self-efficacy and social norms about consuming FV at school appears to be important targets to improve FV consumption.
authors.affiliation: Archimage Inc, Houston, TX 77006, USA. victoria@archimageonline.com
authors.forename: Victoria J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bachman
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baranowski
authors.forename: Karen Weber
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Cullen
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014675:Vegetables