title: Cutaneous side-effects in patients with rheumatic diseases during application of tumour necrosis factor-alpha antagonists.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with rheumatic diseases receiving antitumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-based treatment may develop cutaneous reactions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the new onset or aggravation of skin lesions in patients with a rheumatic disease during treatment with TNF-alpha antagonists.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective analysis of 35 of 150 patients with a long history of rheumatic disease, including rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis (Bechterew's disease) and psoriatic arthritis, to test for the development of cutaneous manifestations during anti-TNF-alpha (infliximab, adalimumab or etanercept) treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chronic inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis and eczema-like manifestations represented the majority of cases (16 of 35). Cutaneous infections caused by viral, bacterial and fungal agents were also observed in many patients (13 of 35). Skin diseases such as dermatitis herpetiformis, leucocytoclastic vasculitis and alopecia occurred in single cases only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed a broad, diverse clinical spectrum with a majority of chronic inflammatory and infectious skin diseases. However, we did not identify individual risk factors and a discontinuation of the anti-TNF-alpha treatment was not necessary if adequate dermatological treatment was performed. The onset of cutaneous side-effects in anti-TNF-alpha-based treatments should be determined by nationwide registries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: H-H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: I-H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Friedrich
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gauliard
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Detert
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Röwert
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Audring
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kary
authors.forename: G-R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Burmester
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sterry
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Worm
mesh_terms: D000068879:Adalimumab; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D003875:Drug Eruptions / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D000068800:Etanercept; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000009:adverse effects; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000069285:Infliximab; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000139:chemically induced; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012874:Skin Diseases, Infectious / Q000139:chemically induced; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000069285:Infliximab; D000068879:Adalimumab; D000068800:Etanercept