title: Two-year outcome of alcohol interventions in Swedish university halls of residence: a cluster randomized trial of a brief skills training program, twelve-step-influenced intervention, and controls.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High-risk alcohol consumption among university students is well documented. Several types of intervention have proved to be effective in reducing alcohol consumption. This study examines the 2-year outcome of 2 different alcohol intervention programs at university halls of residence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-eight university halls of residence (with 556 students) were cluster randomized to 2 different intervention groups: a brief skills training program (BSTP) with interactive lectures and discussions, a twelve-step-influenced (TSI) program with didactic lectures by therapists trained in the 12-step approach, and a control group. All students completing the baseline assessment received personalized feedback by mail. Students responded to mailed follow-up questionnaires after 1, 2, and 3 years, including alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT; years 2 and 3), short index of problems (SIP), and estimated blood alcohol concentration (eBAC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All groups significantly reduced their AUDIT scores from baseline to the second year follow-up, with no significant differences between the groups. Seventy-seven percent of the students belonged to a population with high-risk consumption, using the AUDIT cut-off scores of 8 and 4 for men and women, respectively. Students with high-risk alcohol consumption showed significant differences in AUDIT score reduction in favor of the BSTP compared with controls, and had a tendency to show better results than the TSI intervention (p=0.06). Similar trends could be seen using SIP and eBAC. The TSI did not differ significantly from the control group within the group of students with high-risk alcohol consumption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that a BSTP is effective as an intervention in students with high-risk alcohol consumption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Alcohol Research, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden. henrietta.stahlbrandt@med.lu.se
authors.forename: Henriettae
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ståhlbrandt
authors.forename: Kent O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Johnsson
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berglund
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003256:Community Participation; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013548:Sweden; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014495:Universities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*