title: Immediate improvement in penile hemodynamics after cessation of smoking: previous results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the chronologic relationship between the cessation of smoking and the restoration of erectile function. Smoking is associated with an increased risk of erectile dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty active smokers (20 to 40 cigarettes/day) affected by erectile dysfunction (International Index of Erectile Function 5-item score less than 21) were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 40 years. All the patients underwent penile color Doppler ultrasonography during the basic and dynamic phases (10 microg prostaglandin E1). A second Doppler evaluation was performed 24 to 36 hours after cessation of smoking. The peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end-diastolic velocity (EDV) were recorded. The PSV and EDV cutoff value was 30 cm/s and 5 cm/s, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 20 patients, 10 (50%) had normal PSV values but only 5 (25%) had normal EDV values at the baseline Doppler evaluation. All the patients (100%) had normal PSV values at the second penile Doppler evaluation after smoking withdrawal, and 17 (85%) also had normal EDV values. The average PSV was 40.1 and 50.3 cm/s (P = 0.09) and the mean EDV was 6.8 and 2.4 cm/s (P <0.01) at the baseline penile Doppler examination and after smoking withdrawal, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within 24 to 36 hours of the cessation of cigarette smoking, the color Doppler parameters demonstrated a significant improvement in EDV and a trend toward an increase in PSV. Additional clinical evaluation is required to further characterize the expeditious improvement in erectile function after the cessation of smoking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Modena, Modena, Italy. sighinolfic@yahoo.com
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Sighinolfi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mofferdin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Stefani
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Micali
authors.forename: A F G
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Cicero
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bianchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010413:Penis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D013997:Time Factors; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler