title: TGFbeta1, TGFbeta2, and TGFbeta3 protein expression in gastric carcinomas: correlation with prognostics factors and patient survival.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study evaluates the expression of transforming growth factors TGFbeta1, TGFbeta2 and TGFbeta3 in cases of gastric carcinoma and their possible correlation with classic prognostic markers and patient survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 110 gastrectomy specimens obtained from equal number of patients with gastric cancer. According to the TNM classification, 7 tumors were identified as being stage I, 33 stage II, 52 stage III, and 18 stage IV, whereas 92 tumors were low-grade and 18 high-grade malignancies. On paraffin sections, the streptavidin-biotin technique using antibodies against TGFbeta1, TGFbeta2, and TGFbeta3 was applied. Morphological and immunohistochemical results were correlated with clinicopathologic parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TGFbeta1 was expressed in 78 out of 110 (71%) carcinomas, whereas TGFbeta2 and TGFbeta3 were detected in all tumors examined. Normal gastric mucosal epithelial cells expressed TGFbeta2 and TGFbeta3, but not TGFbeta1. Statistical analysis revealed higher expression of TGFbeta1 in low grade carcinomas (P = 0.009). TGFbeta2 presence was higher in advanced stage tumors (P = 0.008) and was correlated with worse prognosis (P < 0.05). TGFbeta1 expression was related to increased disease-free survival (P < 0.05) while Cox analysis revealed that TGFbeta1 expression constituted an independent prognostic factor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gastric carcinoma is related to differential expression of TGFbeta1, TGFbeta2, and TGFbeta3. TGFbeta1 may be implicated in the pathogenesis of the tumors, since it is expressed only in neoplastic tissue. TGFbeta1 is related with an increased disease-free and overall survival constituting an independent prognostic factor. In advanced stages, TGFbeta2 seems to be involved in tumor progression related to worse prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Patras, School of Medicine, Patras, Greece. kvagenas@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vagenas
authors.forename: Charalambos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spyropoulos
authors.forename: Vasiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gavala
authors.forename: Athanassios C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Tsamandas
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016019:Survival Analysis; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D053781:Transforming Growth Factor beta2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D053781:Transforming Growth Factor beta2; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3