title: Nonverbal behavior of human addicts: multimetric analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ethological approach followed by multimetric statistical analysis was applied to characterize and discriminate alcohol, heroin and dual, alcohol and heroin, dependent subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Heroin, alcohol, and dual dependent patients (n=51) after one month of stabilization of remission and control volunteers (n=34) without a history of significant drug or alcohol use were interviewed and videotaped during the interview by approbation. Nonverbal behavioral cues monitored during the interview were analyzed by means of general linear procedure followed by correlation, factor and discriminant function analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By using this approach the attempt to discriminate addicted groups between each other failed. Therefore we found acceptable to combine subjects in one group and to suggest the similarity between alcohol and heroin dependence. It was found that principal markers of behavioral structure in addicted subjects were higher responsivity to communicate distance, less expression of affiliation behavioral pattern, low level of correlations between different behavioral patterns, and unclear factor structure. Behavioral pattern "affiliation" was identified as discriminate behavior between control and addicted subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nonverbal cues of human behavior identified clear differences between healthy control and addictive subjects. Therefore, ethological approach described in this paper could be recommended for future use in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomedical Statistics, Scientific Research Center, Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia. verboel@spmu.rssi.ru
authors.forename: Elena V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Verbitskaya
authors.forename: Evgeny M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Krupitsky
authors.forename: Andrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burakov
authors.forename: Marina V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Tsoy-Podosenina
authors.forename: Valentina Yu
authors.initials: VY
authors.lastname: Egorova
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bushara
authors.forename: Olga Yu
authors.initials: OY
authors.lastname: Vekovischeva
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000523:psychology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001519:Behavior; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003463:Cues; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology*