title: Sporadic renal cell carcinoma in young and elderly patients: are there different clinicopathological features and disease specific survival rates?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sporadic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is rare in young adults. In the present retrospective study we reviewed clinicopathological features and disease specific survival rates in young patients (<= 45 years) with RCC and compared them to old patients (>= 75 years) with RCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1992 and 2005 a total of 1042 patients were treated for RCC at our institution. We found 70 patients 45 years or younger (YP) and 150 patients 75 years or older (OP) at time of diagnosis. There were no differences in therapeutical approaches between both groups. Clinical and biologic parameters at diagnosis were compared and subjected to uni- and multivariate analysis to study cancer specific survival and progression rate. Mean postoperative follow-up in both groups was 50.1 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age was 39 years in YP and 80 years in OP, respectively. YP demonstrated significantly lower stage (pT1-pT2 N0 M0, p = 0.03), lower tumor grade (p = 0.01) and higher male-to-female ratio (p < 0.001). The rate of lymph node metastases or distant metastatic disease at presentation did not differ significantly between both groups. In multivariate analysis young age was independently associated with a higher 5-year cancer specific survival (95.2% vs. 72.3%, p = 0.009) and a lower 5-year progression rate (11.3% vs. 42.5%, p = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sporadic RCC in young patients have lower tumor stages and grades and a better outcome compared to elderly. Age <= 45 years was an independent prognostic factor for survival and progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany. stefandenzinger@gmx.de
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Denzinger
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Otto
authors.forename: Maximilian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burger
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hammerschmied
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Junker
authors.forename: Arndt
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: Wolf F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Wieland
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Walter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002423:Cause of Death; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis