title: Synthesis and characterization of poly(3-sulfopropylmethacrylate) brushes for potential antibacterial applications.
abstract: This article describes the aqueous atom transfer radical polymerization synthesis of poly(3-sulfopropylmethacrylate) brushes onto gold and Si/SiO2 surfaces in a controlled manner. The effect of Cu(I)/Cu(II) ratio was examined, and a quartz crystal microbalance was used to study the kinetics of the brush synthesis. The synthesized brushes displayed a thickness from a few nanometers to several hundred nanometers and were characterized using atomic force microscopy, ellipsometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), contact angle measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The as-synthesized sulfonate brushes had very good ion-exchange properties for the ions tested in this study, i.e., Na+, K+, Cu2+, and Ag+. FTIR and XPS show that the metal ions are coordinating to sulfonate moieties inside the brushes. The brushes were easily loaded with silver ions, and the effect of silver ion concentration on silver loading of the brush was examined. The silver-loaded brushes were shown to be antibacterial toward both gram negative and gram positive bacteria. The silver leaching was studied through leaching experiments into water, NaNO3, and NaCl (physiological medium). The results from these leaching experiments are compared and discussed in the article.
authors.affiliation: Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK. kmr48@cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: Madeleine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramstedt
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Azzaroni
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mossialos
authors.forename: Hans Jörg
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Mathieu
authors.forename: Wilhelm T S
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Huck
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D015195:Drug Design; D007477:Ions; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D009566:Nitrates / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000378:metabolism; D012825:Silicon / Q000737:chemistry; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000378:metabolism; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D007477:Ions; D008689:Methacrylates; D009566:Nitrates; D011108:Polymers; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; C520891:poly(3-sulfopropylmethacrylate); D012834:Silver; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; C031618:sodium nitrate; D012825:Silicon