title: Awakening cortisol response in lean, obese, and reduced obese individuals: effect of gender and fat distribution.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our goal was to assess the awakening cortisol response (ACR) in obese and reduced obese men and women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-one men (16 lean, 19 abdominally obese, and 16 reduced obese) and 31 women (12 lean, 10 subcutaneously obese, and 9 reduced obese) were selected to participate to this study. Strict ranges of BMI and waist circumference were used to select the participants. Medical examination, psychological assessment, anthropometric measurements, and blood sampling were undergone at the laboratory. Cortisol response to awakening was determined with saliva cortisol sampling being taken immediately at the time of awakening and 30 minutes thereafter over 3 days within a period of 2 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Men with visceral obesity exhibited an enhanced ACR, whereas this response tends to return to normal in a reduced obese state. In women, peripheral fat accumulation does not modify ACR, but weight loss increased the response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results highlight gender effects on ACR of obese and reduced obese subjects, which could be accounted for by the different fat distribution profiles that characterize men and women. They also provide further support for the usefulness of ACR in assessing the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Laval University, Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Fanny
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Therrien
authors.forename: Vicky
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Drapeau
authors.forename: Josée
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lalonde
authors.forename: Sonia J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lupien
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beaulieu
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tremblay
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Richard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal; D050218:Body Fat Distribution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013851:Thinness / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin; D006854:Hydrocortisone