title: Predominant expression of Th1-type cytokines in primary hepatic cancer and adjacent liver tissues.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Research has revealed a shift towards Th2 in many types of malignant tumor, but the state of Th1/Th2 is not clear in patients with primary hepatic cancer (PHC). This study was designed to determine the expression of Th1- versus Th2-type cytokines in primary hepatic cancer and the adjacent liver tissue in order to provide evidence for treatment of the Th1/Th2 shift.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples were collected from 11 patients with PHC. The gene expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using IFN-gamma and IL-2 as Th1-type cytokine genes, and IL-4 and IL-10 as Th2-type cytokine genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Th1-type cytokines were expressed in 7/11 PHCs and 9/11 adjacent liver tissues, while Th0 type cytokines occurred in 4/11 PHCs and 2/11 adjacent liver tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Th1-type cytokines are expressed predominantly in primary hepatic cancer and the adjacent liver tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266003, China. qiufabo@sina.com.cn
authors.forename: Fa-Bo
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Li-Qun
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Shun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Bing-Yuan
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000276:immunology*; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000276:immunology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines