title: [The diagnosis and treatment of cerebrospinal rhinorrhea caused by transsphenoidal cephalocele through transnasal endoscopic surgery].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To inquire into the feasibility of transnasal endoscopic surgery for the diagnosis and treatment of cerebrospinal rhinorrhea caused by transsphenoidal meningo encephalocele.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three cases of cerebrospinal rhinorrhea caused by transsphenoidal meningo encephaloceles were managed by transnasal endoscopic surgery. Different repair materials such as muscle, fascia, artificial dural material were applied into the defect site.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All cases were successful treated, 1 of them complicated with meningitis, the others were cured without any complication. One reoccurred after 6 months and was successful repaired after second surgery during 1-3 year follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The treatment of transnasal endoscopic surgery for cerebrospinal rhinorrhea caused by transsphenoidal cephalocele is a feasible, mini-wound and safe approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing 100053, China. lvhaili@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Haili
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lü
authors.forename: Qiuhang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Zhili
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Haisheng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002559:Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D004677:Encephalocele / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008581:Meningitis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome