Risk assessment of Magnacide H herbicide at Río Colorado irrigation channels (Argentina). Tier 3: studies on native species.
We evaluated the potential environmental risk of the herbicide Magnacide (Baker Petrolite, TX, USA) using native species from Argentina, representing the ecosystem at the Irrigation Corporation (CORFO) channels at the Colorado River mouth, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Six species including fish, toads, snails, crustaceans, and insects were selected to perform studies on acute toxicity and repeated exposure effects. Magnacide H susceptibility ranking was Bufo arenarum (lethal concentration 50 [LC50] = 0.023 mg/L), Onchorhynchus mykiss (LC50 = 0.038 mg/L), Heleobia parchappii (LC50 = 0.21 mg/L), Hyalella curvispina (LC50 = 0.24 mg/L), Simulium spp. (LC50 = 0.60 mg/L), and Chironomus spp. (LC50 = 2.83 mg/L). The risk limit of 10th percentile (0.013 mg/L) determined by probit analysis on sensitivity distribution was similar to the one calculated from literature data. Risk assessment based on field application data suggested lethal exposures for more than 70 to 90% of the species up to 20 km downstream from the application point. Repeated exposures to Magnacide H of amphibian larvae at the lowest-observed-effect concentration caused some effects during the first exposure, but without cumulative effects. Amphipods were insensitive to repeated exposures, showing no cumulative effects. Whether short-term exposures may result in long-term sublethal effects on the organism's life history was not addressed by these laboratory tests. In conclusion, tier 3 studies indicate that Magnacide H application schedule is extremely toxic for most native species at CORFO-Rio Colorado channels, representing a high potential risk in the environment. The real environmental impact must be addressed by field studies at tier 4 giving more information on population effects and communities.
Venturino
Andrés
A
Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Ruta 151 km 12.5, 8303 Cinco Saltos, Río Negro, Argentina. aventu1@yahoo.com.ar
Montagna
Cristina Mónica
CM
de D'Angelo
Ana María Pechen
AM
D000818:Animals; D001118:Argentina; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013045:Species Specificity; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*
D006540:Herbicides; D014873:Water Pollutants