title: Applied force during vitreoretinal microsurgery with handheld instruments.
abstract: Applied force was measured in vivo during vitreoretinal surgery in rabbits, in three types of task: membrane peeling, vessel puncture/cannulation, and vessel dissection. Quantitative results are presented and compared with similar measurements taken in vitro in a porcine retina, in which no scleral interaction is present.
authors.affiliation: Robotics Inst., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Anirudha S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Jagtap
authors.forename: Cameron N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Riviere