Pentraxins in innate immunity and inflammation.
C-reactive protein, the first innate immunity receptor identified, and serum amyloid P component are classic short pentraxins produced in the liver. Long pentraxins, the prototype of which is PTX3, are expressed in a variety of tissues. PTX3 is produced by a variety of cells and tissues, most notably dendritic cells and macrophages, in response to TLR engagement and inflammatory cytokines. PTX3 acts as a functional ancestor of antibodies, recognizing microbes, activating complement, facilitating pathogen recognition by phagocytes, hence playing a non-redundant role in resistance against selected pathogens, in particular in the lung. Thus, the prototypic long pentraxin PTX3 is a multifunctional soluble pattern recognition receptor at the crossroads between innate immunity, inflammation, matrix deposition and female fertility.
Garlanda
Cecilia
C
Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Via Manzoni, 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
Bottazzi
Barbara
B
Salvatori
Giovanni
G
De Santis
Rita
R
Cotena
Alessia
A
Deban
Livija
L
Maina
Viriginia
V
Moalli
Federica
F
Doni
Andrea
A
Veliz-Rodriguez
Tania
T
Mantovani
Alberto
A
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D008024:Ligands; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000099153:Pentraxins
D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D008024:Ligands; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D000099153:Pentraxins