title: [Gene mutation analysis in four Chinese patients with multiple carboxylase deficiency].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Multiple carboxylase deficiency (MCD) is an autosomal recessive disorder. MCD is characterized by skin rash, metabolic acidosis, vomiting and psychomotor retardation. Depending on deficiency of the enzyme, MCD includes two different forms, biotinidase deficiency (BTD, OMIM 253260) and holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency (HLCSD, OMIM 253270). In this study, we analyzed gene mutations of four Chinese MCD patients and to explore the mutation spectrum and possibility of a molecular diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  All exons and their flanking introns of biotinidase gene and HLCS gene were screened by polymerase chain reaction combined with DNA direct sequencing in four Chinese MCD patients. Genomic DNA was extracted using a kit from the peripheral blood leukocytes of each patient. PCR amplification products were checked by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis and were subsequently sequenced with both the forward and reverse primers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients showed mutations in HLCS gene, whereas no mutation was found in biotinidase gene, proving that all the four patients had HLCS deficiency. Four previously reported mutations in HLCS gene were detected (Y456C, R508W, D634N and 780delG). A missense mutation of 1522C > T in exon 11 of HLCS gene, which was a homozygotic mutation, was identified in patient 1; a mutation of 1522C > T in exon 11 combined with a mutation of 1367A > G in exon 9, which was a compound heterozygotic mutation, was identified in patient 2; a mutation of 1522C > T in exon 11 combined with a mutation of 1900G > A in exon 13, which was a compound heterozygotic mutation, was identified in patient 3; a mutation of 1522C > T in exon 11 combined with a mutation of 780delG in exon 7, which was a compound heterozygotic mutation, was identified in patient 4. All the parents were carriers of mutations. No additional carrier of this four mutations was identified from 50 samples of Chinese controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 1522C > T (R508W) mutation probably represents a mutational hot-spot in Chinese HLCS deficiency patients while the 780delG mutation which was reported only in Japanese patients was found firstly in Chinese patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangzhou Children's Hospital, Guangzhou 510120, China.
authors.forename: Duan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiu-zhen
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Xiao-yuan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D043523:Biotinidase / Q000235:genetics*; D019731:Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D028922:Holocarboxylase Synthetase Deficiency / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007438:Introns; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D043523:Biotinidase; D019731:Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases; C023312:holocarboxylase synthetases