title: Total liquid ventilation provides ultra-fast cardioprotective cooling.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We tested whether total liquid ventilation (TLV) can be used to rapidly cool and protect the infarcting heart.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Decreasing myocardial temperature during ischemia is a powerful cardioprotective strategy, but clinical application has been impaired by lack of practical methodology to quickly cool the heart.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed 30-min coronary artery occlusion/3-h reperfusion in rabbits. Upon occlusion, rabbits underwent either oxygen (Gas), normothermic liquid (Liquid Warm), or cold liquid (Liquid Cool) ventilation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Left atrial chamber temperature decreased to 32.4 degrees +/- 0.2 degrees C within 5 min of onset of cold TLV. Blood gases were within acceptable limits during TLV. In the Liquid Warm group, perfluorocarbon inhalation did not alter infarct size compared with Gas (37.7 +/- 1.3% and 42.5 +/- 4.9% of risk zone, respectively). However, infarction was significantly reduced in the Liquid Cool group (4.0 +/- 0.5%). Cooling only during the initial 30 min of reperfusion did not reduce infarction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Total liquid ventilation can elicit rapid cardioprotective cooling during ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama 36688, USA.
authors.forename: Renaud
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tissier
authors.forename: Kazutoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hamanaka
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuno
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Michael V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Downey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D021061:Liquid Ventilation / Q000379:methods*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011817:Rabbits; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005466:Fluorocarbons