title: Ixodes ticks belonging to the Ixodes ricinus complex encode a family of anticomplement proteins.
abstract: The alternative pathway of complement is an important innate defence against pathogens including ticks. This component of the immune system has selected for pathogens that have evolved countermeasures. Recently, a salivary protein able to inhibit the alternative pathway was cloned from the American tick Ixodes scapularis (Valenzuela et al., 2000; J. Biol. Chem. 275, 18717-18723). Here, we isolated two different sequences, similar to Isac, from the transcriptome of I. ricinus salivary glands. Expression of these sequences revealed that they both encode secreted proteins able to inhibit the complement alternative pathway. These proteins, called I. ricinus anticomplement (IRAC) protein I and II, are coexpressed constitutively in I. ricinus salivary glands and are upregulated during blood feeding. Also, we demonstrated that they are the products of different genes and not of alleles of the same locus. Finally, phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that ticks belonging to the Ixodes ricinus complex encode a family of relatively small anticomplement molecules undergoing diversification by positive Darwinian selection.
authors.affiliation: Immunology-Vaccinology (B43b), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Daix
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Praet
authors.forename: J-P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Georgin
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chiappino
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gillet
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: de Fays
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Decrem
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leboulle
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Godfroid
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bollen
authors.forename: P-P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Pastoret
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gern
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vanderplasschen
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D003169:Complement Inactivator Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018884:Ixodes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000378:metabolism; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000737:chemistry*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D003169:Complement Inactivator Proteins; C411881:Isac protein, Ixodes scapularis; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides