title: Nodularin induces oxidative stress in the Baltic Sea brown alga Fucus vesiculosus (Phaeophyceae).
abstract: In the Baltic Sea regular, intensive cyanobacterial blooms rich in the cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena occur during the summer season. N. spumigena is known to produce the cyclic pentapeptide nodularin (NOD) in high concentrations. Marine macroalgae, together with sea-grass meadows, are an extremely important habitat for life in the sea. In addition to this, the decaying macroalgae substantially contribute to the substrate for the microbial loop in coastal food webs. Uptake of nodularin into the brown macroalga Fucus vesiculosus was assessed using an ELISA technique resulting in an uptake of up to 45.1 microg kg(-1) fresh weight (fw). Nodularin was also detected in the reproductive part of the algae (receptacle) at 14.1 microg kg(-1) fw. The induction of oxidative stress in F. vesiculosus, after exposure to NOD, was also shown by monitoring cellular damage as changes in lipid peroxidation and the activation of antioxidative defence systems (antioxidative capacity, superoxide dismutase and soluble glutathione S-transferase).
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, AG Biochemical Regulation, Müggelseedamm 301, 12587 Berlin, Germany. pflugmacher@IGB-Berlin.de
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pflugmacher
authors.forename: Miikka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olin
authors.forename: Harri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kankaanpää
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D002457:Cell Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D044645:Fucus / Q000187:drug effects*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D046932:Nodularia / Q000737:chemistry; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D002457:Cell Extracts; D008387:Marine Toxins; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; C063998:nodularin