title: Spatial distribution and vertical profile of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and hexabromocyclododecanes in sediment core from Tokyo Bay, Japan.
abstract: Brominated flame retardants (BFRs), hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) and polybrominated diethyl ethers (PBDEs) were detected in three sediment cores and six surface sediments of Tokyo Bay, Japan. HBCDs were detected for the first time in this region with concentrations ranging from 0.056 to 2.3 ng/g dry wt, implying their widespread contamination, even though their concentrations were lower than summation operatorPBDEs (di- to nona-BDEs) and BDE-209. Levels of these compounds were higher near to the highly populated industrial area of the bay implicating industrial and human activities as sources of these compounds. Summation operatorPBDEs increased in the sediment layer up to the mid-1990s and decreased afterwards, whereas BDE-209 showed an increasing trend until now, following the usage of different commercial BDE mixtures. HBCDs first appeared in the mid-1970s and increased until today. The annual surficial flux of HBCDs (0.62-2.4 ng/cm2/yr) is equal to summation operatorPBDEs (0.95-2.6 ng/cm2/yr) but lower than that of BDE-209 (17-58 ng/cm2/yr).
authors.affiliation: Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Nguyen Hung
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Minh
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Isobe
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Keizo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mine
authors.forename: Natsuko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kajiwara
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanabe
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D007536:Isomerism; D007564:Japan; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005411:Flame Retardants; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; C089796:hexabromocyclododecane