title: Rational synthesis of p-type zinc oxide nanowire arrays using simple chemical vapor deposition.
abstract: We report, for the first time, the synthesis of the high-quality p-type ZnO NWs using a simple chemical vapor deposition method, where phosphorus pentoxide has been used as the dopant source. Single-crystal phosphorus doped ZnO NWs have their growth axis along the 001 direction and form perfect vertical arrays on a-sapphire. P-type doping was confirmed by photoluminescence measurements at various temperatures and by studying the electrical transport in single NWs field-effect transistors. Comparisons of the low-temperature PL of unintentionally doped ZnO (n-type), as-grown phosphorus-doped ZnO, and annealed phosphorus-doped ZnO NWs show clear differences related to the presence of intragap donor and acceptor states. The electrical transport measurements of phosphorus-doped NW FETs indicate a transition from n-type to p-type conduction upon annealing at high temperature, in good agreement with the PL results. The synthesis of p-type ZnO NWs enables novel complementary ZnO NW devices and opens up enormous opportunities for nanoscale electronics, optoelectronics, and medicines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0407, USA.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Pengwei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xingzheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shadi A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Dayeh
authors.forename: David P R
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Aplin
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Soci
authors.forename: Dapeng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Deli
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang