title: Specificity in retraining craniocervical flexor muscle performance.
abstract: METHODS
  A multivariate repeated-measures independent-group study design.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effect of a craniocervical flexion exercise (CCFEx) program to that of a conventional cervical flexion exercise (CFEx) program in training isometric craniocervical flexor muscle performance.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The craniocervical flexor muscles are important muscles of the cervical spine, as they have been shown to be impaired in persons with chronic neck pain. While both CCFEx and CFEx protocols have been advocated to train craniocervical flexor muscle performance, at present there is no consensus as to the most effective method.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fiftyfemales with chronic mild neck pain and disability status were randomly allocated into a 6-week program of either CCFEx (n = 27) or CFEx (n = 23). Isometric dynamometry measurements of craniocervical flexor muscle performance (maximal voluntary contraction, endurance at 50%'of maximal voluntary contraction) were recorded before and following the exercise program. Changes in craniocervical flexor muscle performance (pretraining-posttraining) within and between exercise groups were analyzed with analysis of variance models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both exercise interventions significantly improved isometric craniocervical flexor muscle performance (P<.02). No significant differences in improvement of muscle performance were observed between the2 exercise interventions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It appearsthat isometric craniocervical flexor muscle performance can be Strained with either a CCFEx protocol or a conventional CFEx protocol in patients with mild neck pain and disability.
authors.affiliation: Division of Physiotherapy, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. s.oleary@shrs.uq.edu.au
authors.forename: Shaun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Leary
authors.forename: Gwendolen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jull
authors.forename: Mehwa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Bill
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vicenzino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology; D019547:Neck Pain; D011793:Queensland; D020196:Trauma, Nervous System / Q000628:therapy*