title: Propofol reduces the incidence of emergence agitation in preschool-aged children as well as in school-aged children: a comparison with sevoflurane.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Young age is considered as one of the factors associated with emergence agitation (EA) following sevoflurane anesthesia. The relationship between EA following propofol anesthesia and young age has not yet been examined. This study was designed to compare the incidence of EA in younger children and older children following either propofol or sevoflurane anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-six preschool-aged (2-5 years) children and 90 school-aged (6-11 years) children (American Society of Anesthesiologists [ASA] I or II) scheduled to undergo otorhinolaryngological surgery were randomly assigned to receive either propofol or sevoflurane. These children were divided into the following four groups: propofol-preschool (P-pre), sevoflurane-preschool (S-pre), propofol-school (P-school), and sevoflurane-school (S-school) groups. Recovery times and incidence of EA were compared among the four groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed that the recovery times were similar in the four groups. After extubation, the incidence of EA in the S-pre group was significantly higher than that in the other groups. After eye opening, the incidence of EA in the S-pre and S-school groups was significantly higher than that in the P-pre or P-school groups. At all recovery times, no difference was observed in the incidence of EA between the P-pre and P-school groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Propofol, in comparison with sevoflurane, resulted in a lower incidence of EA, with no relation to age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Iwaki Kyoritsu General Hospital, 16 Kusehara, Mimaya, Uchigoh, Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: Hiromune
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yanai
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D017109:Akathisia, Drug-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D015742:Propofol