title: Reduced mRNA and protein expression of BCL-2 versus decreased mRNA and increased protein expression of BAX in breast cancer brain metastases: a real-time PCR and immunohistochemical evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Brain metastases are an increasingly common complication in breast cancer patients. Apoptosis regulating genes are promising candidates for further treatment options. We examined the mRNA and protein expression of p53, BCL-2 and BAX in breast cancer brain metastases versus primary tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a two-step approach p53, BCL-2 and BAX mRNA expression in ductal invasive breast cancer brain metastases was examined by: (1) reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) mRNA expression screening (band appearance in relation to an internal standard) and (2) quantitative real-time RT-PCR (CT-values in relation to an internal standard). Protein expression using immunohistochemistry. Results were compared with primary tumors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found significantly lower BCL-2 mRNA and protein expression in breast cancer brain metastases versus primary tumors. P53 mRNA and protein expression was also lower in metastases. However, this difference was only significant on mRNA but not on the protein level. BAX expression evaluation revealed was contradictory results: mRNA expression was significantly lower whereas protein expression was significantly higher in metastatic lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mRNA and protein expression of p53 and BCL-2 seems to be reduced in breast cancer brain metastases. BAX mRNA and protein may be regulated differentially in metastatic lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Schleswig-Holstein Medical Center, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. starka@nch.uni-kiel.de
authors.forename: Andreas M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Stark
authors.forename: Saskia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pfannenschmidt
authors.forename: Hauke
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tscheslog
authors.forename: Nicolai
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maass
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rösel
authors.forename: H Maximilian
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Mehdorn
authors.forename: Janka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Held-Feindt
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein