title: Effects of passengers on bus driver celeration behavior and incident prediction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Driver celeration (speed change) behavior of bus drivers has previously been found to predict their traffic incident involvement, but it has also been ascertained that the level of celeration is influenced by the number of passengers carried as well as other traffic density variables. This means that the individual level of celeration is not as well estimated as could be the case. Another hypothesized influence of the number of passengers is that of differential quality of measurements, where high passenger density circumstances are supposed to yield better estimates of the individual driver component of celeration behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparisons were made between different variants of the celeration as predictor of traffic incidents of bus drivers. The number of bus passengers was held constant, and cases identified by their number of passengers per kilometer during measurement were excluded (in 12 samples of repeated measurements).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After holding passengers constant, the correlations between celeration behavior and incident record increased very slightly. Also, the selective prediction of incident record of those drivers who had had many passengers when measured increased the correlations even more.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The influence of traffic density variables like the number of passengers have little direct influence on the predictive power of celeration behavior, despite the impact upon absolute celeration level. Selective prediction on the other hand increased correlations substantially. This unusual effect was probably due to how the individual propensity for high or low celeration driving was affected by the number of stops made and general traffic density; differences between drivers in this respect were probably enhanced by the denser traffic, thus creating a better estimate of the theoretical celeration behavior parameter C. The new concept of selective prediction was discussed in terms of making estimates of the systematic differences in quality of the individual driver data.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, PO Box 1225, 751 42 Uppsala, Sweden. anders.af_wahlberg@psyk.uu.se
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Af Wåhlberg
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000062:Accidents, Occupational / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000328:Adult; D003441:Crowding / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018986:Motor Vehicles / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011336:Probability; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012309:Risk-Taking; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D014186:Transportation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014505:Urban Population; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology