title: Neck flexor muscle fatigue in adolescents with headache: an electromyographic study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Muscular disorders of the neck region may be of importance for the etiology of tension-type headache. However, in adolescents, there are no data on the association between neck muscle fatigue and headache.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study differences in fatigue characteristics of the neck flexor muscles in adolescents with and without headache.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based sample of 17-year-old adolescents with migraine-type headache (N=30), tension-type headache (N=29) and healthy controls without headache (N=30) was examined. Surface EMG data were recorded from the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles bilaterally during an isometric neck flexor endurance test. The spectral median frequency (MF) change during the total endurance time (TMF) and the initial time of 30s (IMF) was calculated. The intensity of discomfort in the neck area was assessed with the visual analogue scale (VAS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of decline in TMF of both SCM muscles was significantly increased in the tension-type headache group compared with controls (right SCM, P=0.030, OR 2.0, 95% 1.2-3.7; left SCM, P=0.009, OR 2.5, 95% 1.4-4.9), while no significant differences were found between controls and subjects with migraine. The rate of decline in IMF, the total endurance time (P=0.050), and VAS did not differ significantly among the study groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary finding shows that increased neck flexor muscle fatigue in adolescents seems to be associated with tension-type headache.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Turku University Central Hospital, FIN-20521, Turku, Finland. airi.oksanen@tyks.fi
authors.forename: Airi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oksanen
authors.forename: Tapani
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pöyhönen
authors.forename: Liisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Metsähonkala
authors.forename: Pirjo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Anttila
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hiekkanen
authors.forename: Katri
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Laimi
authors.forename: Jouko J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Salminen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction; D008297:Male; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018763:Muscle Fatigue; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D010807:Physical Endurance; D018781:Tension-Type Headache / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*