title: Applications of Botulinum toxin in urogynaecology.
abstract: Botulinum toxin (BTX) is a neurotoxin produced by bacterium clostridium. It is the most poisonous naturally occurring substance known to mankind. The neurotoxin binds to the peripheral cholinergic terminals and inhibits acetylcholine release at that junction leading to flaccid paralysis. This process appears to offer an attractive therapeutic option, filling the void between anticholinergics and surgery in cases of neurogenic and idiopathic detrusor overactivity, detrusor sphincter dyssynergia (DSD), interstitial cystitis and pelvic pain. This article reviews the application of Botulinum toxin A in these conditions.
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics & Gynaecology, City Hospital, Birmingham B18 7QH, UK. adsinha@hotmail.com
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karri
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Arunkalaivanan
mesh_terms: D001259:Ataxia / Q000188:drug therapy; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018856:Cystitis, Interstitial / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy; D014522:Urethral Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000188:drug therapy; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D009498:Neurotoxins; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A