[Morphology of Parasitengona mites (Acariformes: Parasitengona) and their possible evolutionary scenario].
On the basis of the analysis of morphology and biology of representatives of the Parasitengona, mostly trombiculids, trombidiids and water mites, a new attempt is made to clarify probable evolutionary scenario in this group of the higher trombidiform mites (Actinedida). It is supposed that the very old ancestral group of terrestrial arachnids, having bite-sucking mouth-parts, poorly differentiated sac-like midgut and capability to extra-oral digestion, fed predatory on different small soil arthropods at all phases of the life cycle. They were small segmented orthotrichous homeomorphic arachnids at the rank of genus or family. The favorable feeding conditions of the adult phase have led to the small eggs rich in yolk and the small larva. The latter have led in turn to the necessity of intensive feeding at the larval stage to complete the ontogenesis. Further in evolution, this group gave rise at once to two or even more large paraphyletic branches. Most of them retained feeding on arthropods with transition of larvae to much more effective parasitic feeding provided with the additional specialization of the larval stage. This branch comprise divergently radiated paraphyletic terrestrial and secondary-water water mites each having long course of evolution resulted in the recent groups of Calyptostomatoidea, Erythraeoidea, Trombidioidea and several superfamilies of water mites. Another branch of the ancestral Parasitengona has followed the way of adaptation of larvae to feeding on vertebrates, which were being attacked by the larvae in the environment of pasture. The parasitism on vertebrates has lead to several radical specializations of these mites and their significant evolutionary progress. At the same time, the similar ontogenetic dynamics, as well as synchronous reduction of particular developmental stages in all parasitengones, inevitably indicate the monophyletic origin of the whole branch of Parasitengona with Pterygosomatidae as the most probable sister group.
Shatrov
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AB
D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D001181:Arthropods / Q000469:parasitology; D005075:Biological Evolution; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions / Q000502:physiology; D008925:Mites / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D014714:Vertebrates / Q000469:parasitology