title: Differential effects of phosphodiesterase PDE-3/PDE-4-specific inhibitors on vasoconstriction and cAMP-dependent vasorelaxation following balloon angioplasty.
abstract: It is known that cAMP and cGMP are important for vasorelaxation, and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) regulate their levels. Balloon angioplasty (BAL) is associated with reduced cAMP and cGMP levels, and inhibition of PDE-3 reduces restenosis. In this study, we found that BAL increased PDE-3 activity, which affected vasoreactivity of rat aortic rings 24-h post-BAL; these were compared with intact (INT) and ex vivo endothelium-denuded rings (RUB) from sham rats. In BAL and RUB rings, vasorelaxant responses to ACh were abolished. The EC(50) for phenylephrine (PE) was 1.8-fold less in RUB than in INT or BAL, whereas the maximal contractile effect of PE was greater in BAL than in INT or RUB. PDE-3 inhibitors reduced the maximal response to PE by >65% in BAL compared with 10-30% in INT and RUB; the reduction of the maximal response to U-46619 was 37% in BAL compared with 8% in INT with no reduction in RUB. PDE-4 inhibitors reduced PE-induced tone by <30% in an endothelium-dependent manner. Vasorelaxant responses to agonists that utilize cAMP were greatly impaired in BAL and RUB rings, and inhibition of PDE-3 enhanced the vasorelaxant responses in BAL or RUB. Inhibition of PDE-4 increased vasorelaxant responses to isoproterenol (ISO) to a much lesser degree. Thus PDE-3 and PDE-4 inhibitors exhibited differential effects on PE-induced tone and vasorelaxant responses to ISO. Inhibition of PDE-3 also produced a greater increase in cAMP in BAL than INT or RUB rings. These results suggest that increased PDE-3 activity after BAL may promote a vasospastic state and that the reduction in cAMP may, possibly, influence vessel remodeling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA. hong_zhao@nymc.edu
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quilley
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Montrose
authors.forename: Swarna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajagopalan
authors.forename: Qizhi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Carolyn J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000293:injuries / Q000503:physiopathology; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077407:Cilostazol; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D054684:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D020105:Milrinone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D015363:Quinolones / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects*; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; D009570:Nitriles; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D015363:Quinolones; D013777:Tetrazoles; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; C060853:OPC 3911; C433247:Cilomilast; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; D054684:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4; D020105:Milrinone; D000077407:Cilostazol