title: Phylogenetic analysis of bacteria preserved in a permafrost ice wedge for 25,000 years.
abstract: Phylogenetic analysis of bacteria preserved within an ice wedge from the Fox permafrost tunnel was undertaken by cultivation and molecular techniques. The radiocarbon age of the ice wedge was determined. Our results suggest that the bacteria in the ice wedge adapted to the frozen conditions have survived for 25,000 years.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Taiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moriizumi
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Anatoli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brouchkov
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: Fusao
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: Kozo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asano
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D017753:Ecosystem; D005615:Freezing; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000382:microbiology*; D007053:Ice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D007053:Ice