title: Efficacy and safety of thalidomide in children and young adults with intractable inflammatory bowel disease: long-term results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha antibodies are useful for the treatment of refractory Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Thalidomide is another agent with tumour necrosis factor-alpha suppressive properties.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of thalidomide in a group of children and young adults with refractory inflammatory bowel disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight patients with refractory moderate-severe inflammatory bowel disease (19 Crohn's disease, 9 ulcerative colitis) received thalidomide 1.5-2.5 mg/kg/day. Patients were assessed at baseline, at weeks 2, 4, 8 and 12, and then every 12 weeks by patient's diary, physical examinations, laboratory analyses and scoring on activity indexes. Primary outcomes were: (i) efficacy in inducing remission; and (ii) efficacy in maintaining remission.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Remission was achieved with thalidomide in 21 of 28 (75%) patients (17 with Crohn's disease, 4 with ulcerative colitis). Mean duration of remission was 34.5 months. Sixteen of 20 (80%) patients suspended steroids. Reversible neuropathy occurred in seven of 28 (25%) patients, but only with cumulative doses over 28 g. Other side effects requiring thalidomide suspension were vertigo/somnolence (one of 28), and agitation/hallucinations (one of 28).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thalidomide seems to be effective in inducing long-term remission in children and adolescents with intractable inflammatory bowel disease. Neuropathy is the main adverse effect, but appears to be cumulative dose-dependent, thus allowing long-term remission before drug suspension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lazzerini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martelossi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marchetti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scabar
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bradaschia
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ronfani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ventura
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013792:Thalidomide