title: Conflict about expressing emotions and chronic low back pain: associations with pain and anger.
abstract: There has been growing interest among researchers and clinicians in the role of ambivalence over emotional expression (AEE) in adjustment to chronic illness. Because of the salience of anger in chronic low back pain, this condition provides a particularly good model in which to examine the role of AEE. This study examined the relation of AEE to pain and anger in a sample of 61 patients with chronic low back pain. Patients completed standardized measures of AEE, pain, and anger. Correlational analyses showed that patients who had higher AEE scores reported higher levels of evaluative and affective pain as well as higher levels of state and trait anger and the tendency to hold in angry thoughts and feelings. Mediational analyses revealed that most of the associations between AEE and pain, and AEE and anger, were independent of one another. These findings suggest that a potentially important relationship exists between AEE and key aspects of living with persistent pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary study suggests that there is a relation between ambivalence over emotional expression and pain and anger in patients with chronic low back pain. Patients who report greater conflict with regard to expressing emotions may be experiencing higher pain and anger.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA. jim.carson@duke.edu
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Carson
authors.forename: Francis J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Keefe
authors.forename: Kathryn P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Lowry
authors.forename: Laura S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: Veeraindar
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Goli
authors.forename: Anne Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fras
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000786:Anger; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D019260:Expressed Emotion; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D010552:Personality Assessment; D011594:Psychometrics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires