title: Genetic polymorphisms in the nucleotide excision repair pathway and lung cancer risk: a meta-analysis.
abstract: Various DNA alterations can be caused by exposure to environmental and endogenous carcinogens. Most of these alterations, if not repaired, can result in genetic instability, mutagenesis and cell death. DNA repair mechanisms are important for maintaining DNA integrity and preventing carcinogenesis. Recent lung cancer studies have focused on identifying the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes, among which DNA repair genes are increasingly being studied. Genetic variations in DNA repair genes are thought to modulate DNA repair capacity and are suggested to be related to lung cancer risk. We identified a sufficient number of epidemiologic studies on lung cancer to conduct a meta-analysis for genetic polymorphisms in nucleotide excision repair pathway genes, focusing on xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA), excision repair cross complementing group 1 (ERCC1), ERCC2/XPD, ERCC4/XPF and ERCC5/XPG. We found an increased risk of lung cancer among subjects carrying the ERCC2 751Gln/Gln genotype (odds ratio (OR) = 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.14 - 1.49). We found a protective effect of the XPA 23G/G genotype (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.59 - 0.95). Considering the data available, it can be conjectured that if there is any risk association between a single SNP and lung cancer, the risk fluctuation will probably be minimal. Advances in the identification of new polymorphisms and in high-throughput genotyping techniques will facilitate the analysis of multiple genes in multiple DNA repair pathways. Therefore, it is likely that the defining feature of future epidemiologic studies will be the simultaneous analysis of large samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. chikako@phealth.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Chikako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kiyohara
authors.forename: Kouichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimasu
mesh_terms: D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004720:Endonucleases / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D051760:Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group A Protein / Q000235:genetics; D051759:Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein / Q000235:genetics; D000099250:DNA Excision Repair Protein ERCC-5
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004720:Endonucleases; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051760:Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group A Protein; D051759:Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein; D000099250:DNA Excision Repair Protein ERCC-5; C497314:XPA protein, human; C095888:xeroderma pigmentosum group F protein; C071447:ERCC1 protein, human; C497292:ERCC2 protein, human