title: Strain rate imaging differentiates hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy from physiologic cardiac hypertrophy (athlete's heart).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study sought to determine whether strain rate imaging could distinguish between individuals with hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and those with strength-training athletic LVH.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 108 participants (30 hypertensive LVH, 30 strength-training LVH, 48 control) were enrolled. In addition to a baseline echocardiogram, strain, peak systolic strain rate (SR(S)), peak early diastolic strain rate (SR(E)), and peak late diastolic strain rate values were compared in the apical 4-chamber view.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Athletes had no significant differences in strain, SR(S), SR(E), or peak late diastolic strain rate compared with control subjects (P = .11, .99, .85, and .09, respectively). Individuals with hypertensive LVH had significantly decreased strain, SR(S), and SR(E) (-16.8 +/- 3.2%, -0.99 +/- 0.15 s(-1), and 1.54 +/- 0.40 s(-1), respectively) compared with control subjects (-21.7 +/- 3.5%, -1.31 +/- 0.27 s(-1), and 2.35 +/- 0.57 s(-1), respectively; all P < .0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypertensive LVH has significant longitudinal strain, SR(S), and SR(E) reductions versus control. The lack of these reductions in athletes suggests that strain rate imaging may have clinical use in discerning the physiologic LVH state.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saghir
authors.forename: Marianela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Areces
authors.forename: Majesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013177:Sports