title: Evidence for the role of aberrant DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of Lynch syndrome adenomas.
abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) forms through a series of histologic steps that are accompanied by mutations and epigenetic alterations, which is called the polyp-cancer sequence. The role of epigenetic alterations, such as aberrant DNA methylation, in the polyp-cancer sequence in sporadic CRC and particularly in hereditary colon cancer is not well understood. Consequently, we assessed the methylation status of CDKN2A/p16, MGMT, MLH1 and p14(ARF) in adenomas arising in the Lynch syndrome, a familial colon cancer syndrome caused by MLH1 and MSH2 mutations, to determine if DNA methylation is a "second hit" mechanism in CRC and to characterize the role of DNA methylation in the polyp phase of the Lynch syndrome. We found MLH1 and p14(ARF) are methylated in 53 and 60% of the Lynch syndrome adenomas and in 4 and 20% of sporadic adenomas, whereas CDKN2A/p16 and MGMT are methylated in 6 and 14% of the Lynch syndrome adenomas versus 50 and 64% of sporadic adenomas. Therefore, the frequency and pattern of gene methylation varies between the Lynch syndrome and sporadic colon adenomas, implying differences in the molecular pathogenesis of the tumors. MLH1 methylation in the Lynch syndrome adenomas suggests gene methylation might have a role in the initiation of these neoplasms.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaz
authors.forename: Young-Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Slavomir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dzieciatkowski
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kay Washington
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Grady
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000236:Adenoma / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D003123:Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes; D005260:Female; D019942:Genes, p16; D006801:Humans; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF / Q000235:genetics; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C501486:MLH1 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases; C515491:MGMT protein, human; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes