Review of venous thromboembolism associated with air travel.
The issue of travel related thromboembolism (VTE) remains controversial. Prospective studies have found rates of between 0 and 10% in passengers using no preventative measures. A review of the literature and current therapeutic studies was performed. We conclude that VTE is a risk in air passengers on long-haul flights, particularly those with pre-existing risk factors and that preventative measures should be considered in accordance with an individual's VTE risk category. There is little evidence to support empirical preventative measures such as in-flight exercises and avoiding dehydration. However, they have a reasonable theoretical basis and are easily implemented, thereby supporting their use. The evidence validates the use of graduated compression stockings (GCS) and we recommend their use for flights of longer duration, in passengers at moderate or high risk of VTE. The use of low molecular weight heparins is probably justified in high risk individuals.
Tasker
Andrew
A
Vascular Diseases Research Group, Academic Department of Surgery, King's Denmark Hill Campus, Bessemer Road, London SE5 9PJ, UK.
Akinola
Oluwakemi
O
Cohen
Alexander T
AT