title: Reduced olfactory sensitivity in subjects with depressive symptoms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinical studies suggest that olfactory sensitivity is reduced in major depression. Nevertheless, only little is known about the relationship between depressive symptoms and olfactory functions in healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study investigated the association between depressive symptoms and olfactory performance in 48 healthy subjects (14 male). First depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory, following by olfactory testing. Olfactory threshold and discrimination performance was assessed as well as emotional arousal and pleasantness during the testing procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed a significant negative correlation between olfactory sensitivity and depressive symptoms while olfactory discrimination was not related to depressive symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The degree of depressive symptoms was assessed by questionnaire. A clinical interview might assess depressive symptoms more accurate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that depressive symptoms are related to a reduced olfactory sensitivity. The observed relation between reduced olfactory sensitivity and depressive symptoms could be mediated by functional deviations within brain structures subserving primary olfactory processing such as amygdala and piriform cortex which is in line with results showing abnormal activity pattern in the amygdala and other brain regions in depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany. pollatos@psy.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pollatos
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Albrecht
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kopietz
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Linn
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schoepf
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kleemann
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schreder
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schandry
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wiesmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000857:Olfaction Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires