title: Simulating complicated human birth for research and training.
abstract: We report on the design, testing and implementation of a novel birthing simulator developed specifically to research the delivery process and improve clinical training in uncommon but inevitable complicated human births. The simulator consists of a maternal model and an instrumented fetal model, used in conjunction with an existing force-sensing system and a data-acquisition system. The maternal model includes a bony, rotatable pelvis, flexible legs, and a uterine expulsive system. The fetal model, which can be delivered repeatedly through the maternal model, is instrumented with potentiometers to measure neck extension, rotation and flexion during delivery. Simulation of the brachial plexus within the model fetal neck allows measurement of stretch in those nerves at risk for injury during difficult deliveries. Wooden elements mimic the properties of neonatal bone and can break either spontaneously or purposely. Two methods for measuring clinician-applied force during simulated deliveries provide trainees with real-time assessment of their own traction force and allow researchers to correlate fetal neck motion and nerve stretch parameters with clinician-applied traction. Preliminary testing indicates the system is biofidelic for the final stages of the birthing process, and can be used for training and research in obstetrics.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Biomed. Eng., Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Esther J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Jason H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Mary K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.forename: Edith D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Gurewitsch