title: Evoked-potential recovery during double click stimulation in a whale: a possibility of biosonar automatic gain control.
abstract: False killer whale Pseudorca crassidens auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were recorded using a double-click stimulation paradigm specifically measuring the recovery of the second response (to the test click) as a function of the inter-click interval (ICI) at various levels of the conditioning and test click. At all click intensities, the slopes of recovery functions were almost constant: 0.6-0.8 microV per ICI decade. Therefore, even when the conditioning-to-test-click level ratio was kept constant, the duration of recovery was intensity-dependent: The higher intensity the longer the recovery. The conditioning-to-test-click level ratio strongly influenced the recovery time: The higher the ratio, the longer the recovery. The dependence was almost linear using a logarithmic ICI scale with a rate of 25-30 dB per ICI decade. These data were used for modeling the interaction between the emitted click and the echo during echolocation, assuming that the two clicks simulated the transmitted and echo clicks. This simulation showed that partial masking of the echo by the preceding emitted click may explain the independence of echo-response amplitude of target distance. However, the distance range where this mechanism is effective depends on the emitted click level: The higher the level, the greater the range. @ 2007 Acoustical Society of America.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninsky Prospect, 119071 Moscow, Russia. alex_supin@sevin.ru
authors.forename: Alexander Ya
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Supin
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Nachtigall
authors.forename: Marlee
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Breese
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000162:Acoustics; D000818:Animals; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D004289:Dolphins / Q000502:physiology*; D004455:Echolocation / Q000502:physiology*; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000502:physiology*; D010470:Perceptual Masking / Q000502:physiology