Hypoxia-induced and stress-specific changes in chromatin structure and function.
Cellular adaptation to stress relies on specific, regulated responses to evoke changes in gene expression. Stresses such as hypoxia, heat shock, oxidative stress and DNA-damage activate signaling cascades that ultimately lead to either induction or repression of stress-responsive genes. In this review, we concentrate on the mechanisms by which stress-induced signaling promotes alterations in chromatin structure, whether the read-out is activation or repression of transcription. Specific alterations in chromatin are highly regulated and dictated by the type of imposed stress. Our primary focus is on the types of chromatin alterations that occur under hypoxic conditions, which exist within a majority of tumors, and to compare these to changes in chromatin structure that occur in response to a wide variety of cellular stresses.
Johnson
Amber Buescher
AB
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Program in Genes and Development, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Barton
Michelle Craig
MC
D000818:Animals; D002843:Chromatin / Q000737:chemistry*; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; D004249:DNA Damage; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018869:Heat-Shock Response; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D006657:Histones / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011485:Protein Binding; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D002843:Chromatin; D006657:Histones; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases