title: Enhanced photodegradation of phenolic compounds by adding TiO2 to soil in a rotary reactor.
abstract: Photodegradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and p-nitrophenol (PNP) in soil was carried out in a designed rotary reactor, which can provide the soil particles with continually uniform irradiation, and on a series of thin soil layers. TiO2, as a kind of environmental friendly photocatalyst, was introduced to the soil to enhance the processes. Compared with that on the soil layers, photodegradation of PCP at initial concentration of 60 mg/kg was improved dramatically in the rotary reactor no matter whether TiO2 was added, with an increase of 3.0 times in the apparent first-order rate constants. The addition of 1 wt% TiO2 furthered the improvement by 1.4 times. Without addition of TiO2, PNP (initial concentration of 60 mg/kg) photodegradation rate in the rotary reactor was similar to that on the soil layers. When 1 wt% additional TiO2 was added, PNP photodegradation was enhanced obviously, and the enhancement in the rotary reactor was 2 times of that on the soil layers, which may be attributed to the higher frequency of the contact between PNP on soil particles and the photocatalyst. The effect of soil pH and initial concentrations of the target compounds on the photodegradation in the rotary reactor was investigated. The order of the degradation rate at different soil pH was relative to the aggregation of soil particles during mixing in the rotary reactor. Photodegradation of PCP and PNP at different initial concentrations showed that addition of TiO2 to enhance the photodegradation was more suitable for contaminated soil with higher concentration of PCP, while was effective for contaminated soil at each PNP concentration tested in our study.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116023, China.
authors.forename: Jing-xian
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Quan
authors.forename: Hui-min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Ya-zhi
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009596:Nitrophenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D010416:Pentachlorophenol / Q000737:chemistry*; D010782:Photolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D009596:Nitrophenols; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium; D010416:Pentachlorophenol; C024836:4-nitrophenol