title: Roles of MMP/TIMP in regulating matrix swelling and cell migration during chick corneal development.
abstract: Tissue remodeling is central to embryonic development. Here, we used immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and RT-PCR analysis to investigate the roles of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the related "a disintegrin and metalloproteinase" (ADAM) family proteinases in chick corneal development. While MMP-13 was expressed in developing chick corneas from embryonic day (ED) 5 to ED 10, its inhibitor, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), was expressed from ED 18 to 2 days post-hatching (P2). Early MMP-13 activity may be associated with degradation of type IX collagen from the primary stroma, which loosens the collagen fibrils and facilitates neural crest (NC) cell migration. The membrane-bound and secreted forms of ADAM10 were both detected throughout corneal development, and active ADAM10 formed a cleavage complex with CD44v6, a CD44 splice variant that is a major cell surface adhesion molecule for hyaluronic acid (HA) and has been implicated in cell migration. Both CD44v6 and its ectodomain cleavage products were detected from ED 5 to ED 14, and a broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor blocked ectodomain cleavage in cultured stromal cells. These findings suggest that ADAM10 mediates CD44v6 cleavage in the developing cornea, facilitating NC cell-derived mesenchymal cell migration. Finally, we identified high levels of active membrane-type 3-MMP (MT3-MMP) in developing corneas at ED 7, ED 14, and ED 18. MT3-MMP takes part in MMP-2 activation and possibly also CD44v6 shedding, suggesting that this pathway may be involved in cell migration. These findings collectively show for the first time that multiple MMPs, ADAMs, and TIMPs appear to functionally interact during corneal development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Man-Il
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.forename: Young-Mi
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Seong-Kyung
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Bong-Seok
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Yongmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Young-Sup
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: M Elizabeth
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Fini
authors.forename: Shin-Sung
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Jae-Chang
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement; D002645:Chickens; D003315:Cornea / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000201:enzymology*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000201:enzymology*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053513:Matrix Metalloproteinase 16 / Q000378:metabolism; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C112697:CD44v6 antigen; D006023:Glycoproteins; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D053513:Matrix Metalloproteinase 16; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2