title: Parent outcome expectancies for purchasing fruit and vegetables: a validation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To validate four scales -- outcome expectancies for purchasing fruit and for purchasing vegetables, and comparative outcome expectancies for purchasing fresh fruit and for purchasing fresh vegetables versus other forms of fruit and vegetables (F&V).
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey instruments were administered twice, separated by 6 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recruited in front of supermarkets and grocery stores; interviews conducted by telephone.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and sixty-one food shoppers with children (18 years or younger).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Single dimension scales were specified for fruit and for vegetable purchasing outcome expectancies, and for comparative (fresh vs. other) fruit and vegetable purchasing outcome expectancies. Item Response Theory parameter estimates revealed easily interpreted patterns in the sequence of items by difficulty of response. Fruit and vegetable purchasing and fresh fruit comparative purchasing outcome expectancy scales were significantly correlated with home F&V availability, after controlling for social desirability of response. Comparative fresh vegetable outcome expectancy scale was significantly bivariately correlated with home vegetable availability, but not after controlling for social desirability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These scales are available to help better understand family F&V purchasing decisions.
authors.affiliation: Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-2600, USA. tbaranow@bcm.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baranowski
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Mariam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Missaghian
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Broadfoot
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baranowski
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cullen
authors.forename: Theresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nicklas
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003132:Commerce / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005260:Female; D005523:Food Supply; D005638:Fruit; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D052756:Nutritional Sciences / Q000193:education; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D011594:Psychometrics; D012928:Social Desirability; D014675:Vegetables