title: Depression-anxiety relationships with chronic physical conditions: results from the World Mental Health Surveys.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prior research on the association between affective disorders and physical conditions has been carried out in developed countries, usually in clinical populations, on a limited range of mental disorders and physical conditions, and has seldom taken into account the comorbidity between depressive and anxiety disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen general population surveys were carried out among adults in 17 countries as part of the World Mental Health Surveys initiative (N=42, 249). DSM-IV depressive and anxiety disorders were assessed using face-to-face interviews with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0). Chronic physical conditions were ascertained via a standard checklist. The relationship between mental disorders and physical conditions was assessed by considering depressive and anxiety disorders independently (depression without anxiety; anxiety without depression) and conjointly (depression plus anxiety).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All physical conditions were significantly associated with depressive and/or anxiety disorders but there was variation in the strength of association (ORs 1.2-4.5). Non-comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders were associated in equal degree with physical conditions. Comorbid depressive-anxiety disorder was more strongly associated with several physical conditions than were single mental disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physical conditions were ascertained via self report, though for a number of conditions this was self-report of diagnosis by a physician.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the prevalence and clinical consequences of the co-occurrence of mental and physical disorders, attention to their comorbidity should remain a clinical and research priority.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, PO Box 7343 Wellington South, New Zealand. kate.scott@otago.ac.nz
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bruffaerts
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ormel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Angermeyer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Benjet
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bromet
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Girolamo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Graaf
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gasquet
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gureje
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Haro
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levinson
authors.forename: Z N
authors.initials: ZN
authors.lastname: Mneimneh
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Oakley Browne
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Posada-Villa
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeshima
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Von Korff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D019263:Dysthymic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012803:Sick Role