title: Comparison of dinner with bedtime administration of insulin glargine in type 1 diabetic patients treated with basal-bolus regimen.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the equivalence in efficacy (HbA(1c)) of insulin glargine injected at dinner versus bedtime in a large number of patients with type 1 diabetes using a fast-acting analogue (FAA) or regular human insulin (RHI) as prandial insulin in an insulin glargine-bolus regimen.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a 26-week trial, 1178 patients with type 1 diabetes and treated with different basal-bolus regimens were randomized to receive insulin glargine once daily at dinner (n=589) or at bedtime (n=589) while continuing their previous prandial insulin (FAA: 75%; RHI: 25% of patients). The primary objective was to demonstrate equivalence in terms of HbA(1c) levels at endpoint.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline characteristics were similar in the two groups. At endpoint, HbA(1c) (mean+/-standard deviation [S.D.]) had decreased by 0.25+/-0.66% to 7.77+/-0.96% in the dinnertime group (P<0.0001), and by 0.24+/-0.76% to 7.83+/-1.07% in the bedtime group (P<0.0001). The HbA(1c) difference between dinner and bedtime was -0.022% (two-sided 90% confidence interval [CI] -0.09; 0.05), demonstrating statistical equivalence of HbA(1c) at endpoint between the two groups. Equivalence was also demonstrated within prandial groups: HbA(1c) difference between dinner and bedtime was -0.03% (two-sided 90% CI: -0.11; 0.06) for FAAs and -0.04% (two-sided 90% CI: -0.19; 0.11) for RHIs. The incidence of severe hypoglycaemia did not differ between the treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data confirm that insulin glargine in combination with either FAA or RHI is equally effective and safe, whether it is administered at dinner or bedtime.
authors.affiliation: Service de diabétologie et métabolisme, groupe hospitalier, 47-83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France. andre.grimaldi@psl.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grimaldi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vialettes
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blayo
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Brun
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Halimi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000453:epidemiology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000453:epidemiology; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000453:epidemiology; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009443:Neuritis / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting