title: Analysis of bone minerals by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry: a comparative study using monoatomic and cluster ions sources.
abstract: Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) is an important tool for the analysis of bone minerals at implant surfaces. Most studies have been performed with monoatomic primary ion sources such as Ga(+) with poor secondary molecular ion production efficiency and only elemental distributions and minor fragments of bone minerals have been reported. By using cluster ion sources, such as Au(1-3) (+) and Bi(1-3) (+), identification of larger hydroxyapatite species at m/z 485, 541, 597 and 653, identified as Ca(5)P(3)O(12), Ca(6)P(3)O(13), Ca(7)P(3)O(14) and Ca(8)P(3)O(15), respectively, became possible. The ions appear to be fragments of the hydroxyapatite unit cell Ca(10)(PO(4))(6)(OH)(2). Each ion in the series is separated by 55.9 m/z units, corresponding to CaO, and this separation might reflect the columnar nature of the unit cell.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Malmberg
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bexell
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nygren
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Richter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry*; D006224:Cricetinae; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000737:chemistry*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007477:Ions / Q000737:chemistry; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D018629:Spectrometry, Mass, Secondary Ion / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D017886:Durapatite