title: Scale-up of a pan-coating process.
abstract: The purpose of this work was to develop a practical scale-up model for a solvent-based pan-coating process. Practical scale-up rules to determine the key parameters (pan load, pan speed, spray rate, air flow) required to control the process are proposed. The proposed scale-up rules are based on a macroscopic evaluation of the coating process. Implementation of these rules does not require complex experimentation or prediction of model parameters. The proposed scale-up rules were tested by conducting coating scale-up and scale-down experiments on 24-inch and 52-inch Vector Hi-coaters. The data demonstrate that using these rules led to similar cumulative drug release profiles (f2 >> 50; and P Analysis of Variance [PANOVA] >> 0.05 for cumulative percentage of drug released after 12 hours [Cum12]) from tablets made at 24- and 52-inch scales. Membrane characteristics such as opacity and roughness were also similar across the 2 scales. The effects of the key process variables on coat weight uniformity and membrane characteristics were also studied. Pan speed was found to be the most significant factor related to coating uniformity. Spray droplet size was found to affect the membrane roughness significantly, whereas opacity was affected by the drying capacity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
authors.forename: Preetanshu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Turton
authors.forename: Nitin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hammerman
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ergun
mesh_terms: D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010316:Particle Size; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012212:Rheology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013607:Tablets / Q000737:chemistry*; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D013607:Tablets