title: Neuronal nitric oxide synthase protects neuroblastoma cells from oxidative stress mediated by garlic derivatives.
abstract: In this study, we further examined the effects of diallyl disulfide (DADS), one of the major components of oil-soluble garlic extracts (GE) and of raw water GE on SH-SY5Y and NSC34 neuronal cell lines. Both treatments with DADS and GE were able to induce growth arrest and apoptosis, and we observed an increased flux of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as early signs of cytotoxicity. We demonstrated that the content of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) increased as early as 1 h of treatment demonstrating to be a very early sensor of DADS and GE cytotoxicity. Treatments with L-nitropropyl-arginine, an inhibitor of nNOS, increased the rate of apoptosis whereas the overexpression of nNOS significantly reduced cell death by inhibiting DNA damage, protein oxidation, and the activation of the JNK/c-Jun apoptotic signaling cascade. Overall these results demonstrate that garlic derivatives may modulate nNOS and suggest an important contribution of nitric oxide in counteracting their reactive oxygen species-mediated cytotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Katia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aquilano
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Filomeni
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baldelli
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Piccirillo
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Martino
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rotilio
authors.forename: Maria Rosa
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ciriolo
mesh_terms: D000498:Allyl Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004220:Disulfides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005737:Garlic / Q000737:chemistry*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / Q000502:physiology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000498:Allyl Compounds; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004220:Disulfides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; C028009:diallyl disulfide; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I