title: [Clinical characteristics and incidence of infectious and non-infectious endophthalmitis after intravitreous injection of triamcinolone acetonide].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the incidence of infectious and noninfectious endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of 4 mg of triamcinolone acetonide (Kenalog - 40 mg/ml; 0.1 ml) and to evaluate distinguishing characteristics that may assist the clinician in differentiating these entities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational nonconcurrent prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Charts of 121 patients (154 injections) who consecutively underwent intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide to treat various chorioretinal diseases were evaluated. All procedures were performed in an operating room with careful antiseptic protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two eyes (1.29%/injection and 1.65%/patient) presented a noninfectious endophthalmitis characterized by decreased vision, hyperemia, hypopyon and vitreous inflammatory reaction, on the first day after the injection. These eyes were treated with topical and subconjunctival corticosteroids with complete resolution of the inflammatory reaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the present case series, no case of infectious endophthalmitis occurred. Despite being relatively rare, noninfectious endophthalmitis can be associated with intravitreal injection of triamcinolone simulating an infectious endophthalmitis. In selected cases, the differential diagnosis can be made solely by clinical evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Rua dos Otoni 881, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Magalhães
authors.forename: Patrícia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nehemy
authors.forename: Daniel Vítor de Vasconcelos
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Gildo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fujji
authors.forename: Márcio Bittar
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Nehemy
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007267:Injections; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide