title: Documentation of medication management by graduate nurses in patient progress notes: a way forward for patient safety.
abstract: Nursing documentation provides evidence of nurses' management, the patient response, and evaluation of care. The aim of the study was to examine how graduate nurses document their medication management in the progress notes. A prospective clinical audit of patient medication charts and the progress notes made by 12 graduate nurses was undertaken. Graduate nurses were also individually interviewed and asked clarifying questions about their medication management. Documentation was examined based on four areas: assessment, planning care, administration of medications, and evaluating outcomes of medications. Recorded information about assessment focused on cues of a biomedical rather than a psychosocial nature. Planning care involved non-specific documentation of discharge planning needs, and little information about communication with doctors, pharmacists, nurses, patients and next of kin. Administration of medications included details about the names of medications given to patients, but no information about medication education provided to patients during this time. Evaluation of outcomes of medication administration was poorly documented. Graduate nurses tended to focus on assessing medications before their administration without considering how the patient responded to treatment. Recommendations are proposed for improving the quality of graduate nurses' progress notes. These recommendations include implementing and evaluating protocols that link nurses' decision-making to documentation processes. Adopting a supportive multidisciplinary approach to quality improvement and providing education that emphasises written documentation of verbal communication are also recommended.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, The University of Melbourne, Victoria.
authors.forename: Robyn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aitken
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Manias
authors.forename: Trisha
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dunning
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001315:Australia; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards; D004282:Documentation / Q000592:standards*; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000451:nursing / Q000592:standards; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000451:nursing*; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006786:Hospitals, Urban; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000451:nursing / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D024802:Nurse's Role; D009730:Nursing Assessment / Q000592:standards; D009731:Nursing Audit; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D009737:Nursing Records / Q000592:standards*; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000193:education / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010347:Patient Care Planning / Q000592:standards; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017751:Safety Management / Q000458:organization & administration*; D016896:Treatment Outcome