title: Quantitative ultrasound predicts hip and non-spine fracture in men: the MrOS study.
abstract: Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) is associated with fracture risk in women, but there are few data in men. We studied 5,607 older men and found that QUS predicts hip and any non-spine fracture risk nearly as well as BMD. Combined measurements of QUS and BMD are not superior to either measurement alone.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) predicts fracture risk among older women, but there are few prospective studies among older men. We studied the ability of QUS and BMD measurements to predict hip and other non-spine fractures in a population-based study of older men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Calcaneal QUS and hip BMD were measured in 5,607 men aged > or =65 years recruited from six US centers. At baseline duplicate QUS measurements with repositioning were obtained, and subsequent hip and other non-spine fractures were documented by review of x-rays or x-ray reports. The relationships between QUS and fractures were examined with proportional hazard models adjusted for age and clinic. We used receiver operating characteristic curves and predicted fracture risk models to determine the utility of QUS alone, BMD alone or the combination of QUS+BMD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a mean follow-up of 4.2 years with 99% complete follow-up, 239 men suffered a non-spine fracture, including 49 hip fractures. Each standard deviation reduction in broadband ultrasonic attenuation (BUA) was associated with an increased risk of hip (relative hazard=2.0, CI: 1.5, 2.8) and any non-spine fracture (relative hazard=1.6, CI: 1.4, 1.8). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and the predicted probability of fracture were similar for BUA alone, BMD alone and the combination of BUA+BMD, indicating that once BUA or BMD is known, the other measurement does not add useful information. Other QUS parameters gave similar results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  QUS measurements predict the risk of hip and any non-spine fracture in older men, and do so nearly as well as hip BMD measurements. Combined measurements of QUS and BMD are not superior to either measurement alone.
authors.affiliation: UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA. dbauer@psg.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ewing
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cauley
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Ensrud
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Orwoll
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density; D002111:Calcaneus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000209:etiology*; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D014463:Ultrasonography