title: The effect of Cissus quadrangularis (CQR-300) and a Cissus formulation (CORE) on obesity and obesity-induced oxidative stress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obesity is generally linked to complications in lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of a proprietary extract of Cissus quadrangularis (CQR-300) to that of a proprietary formulation containing CQR-300 (CORE) on weight, blood lipids, and oxidative stress in overweight and obese people.
  
  
  METHODS
  The first part of the study investigated the in vitro antioxidant properties of CQR-300 and CORE using 3 different methods, while the second part of the study was a double-blind placebo controlled design, involving initially 168 overweight and obese persons (38.7% males; 61.3% females; ages 19-54), of whom 153 completed the study. All participants received two daily doses of CQR-300, CORE, or placebo and were encouraged to maintain their normal levels of physical activity. Anthropometric measurements and blood sampling were done at the beginning and end of the study period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CQR-300 as well as CORE exhibited antioxidant properties in vitro. They also acted as in vivo antioxidants, bringing about significant (p < 0.001) reductions in plasma TBARS and carbonyls. Both CQR-300 and CORE also brought about significant reductions in weight, body fat, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting blood glucose levels over the respective study periods. These changes were accompanied by a significant increase in HDL-cholesterol levels, plasma 5-HT, and creatinine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CQR-300 (300 mg daily) and CORE (1028 mg daily) brought about significant reductions in weight and blood glucose levels, while decreasing serum lipids thus improving cardiovascular risk factors. The increase in plasma 5-HT and creatinine for both groups hypothesizes a mechanism of controlling appetite and promoting the increase of lean muscle mass by Cissus quadrangularis, thereby supporting the clinical data for weight loss and improving cardiovascular health.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nutrition and Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon. juliusoben@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Julius E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Oben
authors.forename: Damaris Mandob
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Enyegue
authors.forename: Gilles I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Fomekong
authors.forename: Yves B
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Soukontoua
authors.forename: Gabriel A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Agbor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D032422:Cissus; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D050177:Overweight; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010919:Placebos; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D059808:Polyphenols; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D010919:Placebos; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols