title: Tamoxifen as prophylaxis for prevention of gynaecomastia and breast pain associated with bicalutamide 150 mg monotherapy in patients with prostate cancer: a randomised, placebo-controlled, dose-response study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define the optimum tamoxifen dose for reducing bicalutamide (CASODEX) 150 mg monotherapy-induced breast events (ie, gynaecomastia or breast pain or both) without compromising disease control.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a double-blind, parallel-group, multicentre trial in which 282 patients with prostate cancer were randomised to receive bicalutamide 150 mg/d plus either daily tamoxifen (1, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20mg) or placebo for 12 mo, followed by 12 mo of treatment with bicalutamide only. Primary end points were incidence of breast events and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) inhibition and were analysed at 6 mo (the primary analysis) and also at 12 and 24 mo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 6 and 12 mo, tamoxifen decreased the incidence of breast events in a dose-dependent manner, with breast events observed in 86.2%, 60.0%, 55.3%, 23.5%, and 8.8% of patients receiving tamoxifen 1, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg, respectively, compared with 96.7% of patients receiving placebo at 6 mo. At 24 mo (ie, after 12 mo of bicalutamide monotherapy), a high incidence of breast events was seen in all groups. There was no evidence of a negative effect on PSA inhibition at any assessment. Other nonbreast adverse effects were similar across groups, except for an increase in hot flushes with tamoxifen doses > or =5 mg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that prophylactic tamoxifen 20 mg/d is an effective dose for reduction of bicalutamide-induced breast events and does not appear to affect disease control based on PSA suppression.
authors.affiliation: Centre De Recherche, Chuq-Hotel-Dieu de Quebec, Quebec, PQ, Canada. yves.fradet@rhdq.ulaval.ca
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fradet
authors.forename: Blair
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Egerdie
authors.forename: Morten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Teuvo L J
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Tammela
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nachabe
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Navani
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000813:Anilides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006177:Gynecomastia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009570:Nitriles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014105:Tosyl Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000813:Anilides; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D009570:Nitriles; D014105:Tosyl Compounds; D013629:Tamoxifen; C053541:bicalutamide