title: Psychological sequelae of acne vulgaris: results of a qualitative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the psychological sequelae of acne vulgaris.
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative study using a grounded-theory approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  General practices and specialty dermatology practices in Newcastle, Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with current acne recruited from the practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used semistructured interviews and recorded participants' comments verbatim. Data analysis was cumulative and concurrent throughout the data-collection period. Coding and analysis was done in the inductive tradition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interviews were conducted with 26 subjects who represented a range of ages and acne severity. Psychological morbidity was considerable. Though participants had mood and anxiety symptoms, these symptoms tended to be subsyndromal and evanescent. More prominent symptoms were embarrassment, impaired self-image, low self-esteem, self-consciousness, frustration, and anger. Some subjects thought that acne had affected their personalities permanently and adversely. Psychological sequelae were attributed to the effects of facial acne on appearance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The psychological effects of acne can be considerable. The psychological morbidity is complex and often does not conform to standard psychiatric disease criteria. Recognition and management of the psychological sequelae of acne by general practitioners is of considerable importance.
authors.affiliation: University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia. parker.magin@newcastle.edu.au
authors.forename: Parker
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Magin
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Gaynor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Heading
authors.forename: Dimity
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pond
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000152:Acne Vulgaris / Q000523:psychology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012649:Self Concept; D014505:Urban Population