title: Dietary fat intake and the risk of osteoporotic fractures in the elderly.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the association between fat intake, serum lipids and the risk of osteoporotic fractures in the elderly.
  
  
  METHODS
  A hospital-based case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted at a tertiary centre and referral hospital for the province of Jaén (Spain).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cases (n=167) were patients aged 65 years or more with a low-energy fracture selected from the population attended at the hospital. Controls (patients without antecedents of any fracture) were 1:1 matched to cases by sex and age (n=167).
  
  
  METHODS
  Diet was assessed by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Serum total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants in the two upper quartiles of polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) intake showed an increased risk of fracture, with statistically significant differences with respect to the first quartile in the adjusted model (odds ratio (OR)=3.59; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.06-12.1 and OR=5.88; 95% CI=1.38-25.02); P=0.01 for the trend test). A higher ratio of monounsaturated fat (MUFA) to PUFA was associated with a reduced risk of fracture (OR=0.20; 95% CI=0.07-0.60 for the fourth quartile; P=0.002 for the trend test). The intake of omega-6 fatty acids was associated with an elevated risk of fracture (OR=3.41; 95% CI=1.05-11.15 for the fourth quartile; P=0.01 for the trend test). HDL-cholesterol levels were inversely associated with the risk of fracture (test for trend P=0.03 across quartiles).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PUFA intake was associated with an increased risk of osteoporotic fractures in the elderly, whereas a high ratio of MUFA:PUFA was associated with decreased risk.
authors.affiliation: Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital of Jaén & Division of Medicine, University of Jaén, Navarra, Spain. mamartinez@unav.es
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Martínez-Ramírez
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Palma
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martínez-González
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Delgado-Martínez
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de la Fuente
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Delgado-Rodríguez
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D008055:Lipids; D002784:Cholesterol