Outcome measurements in scleroderma: results from a delphi exercise.
OBJECTIVE
To obtain a consensus on the minimal clinically relevant treatment effect in various scleroderma disease outcome measures to be used in future clinical trials.


METHODS
A Delphi consensus building exercise using a survey was sent out to members of the Scleroderma Clinical Trials Consortium (SCTC). The 65 SCTC members were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 was informed, in a cover letter, of the usual American College of Rheumatology 20% response results in randomized trials using effective biologic treatments for rheumatoid arthritis, while Group 2 was not. The first round of the exercise presented the scleroderma experts with a survey composed of 95 questions/clinical scenarios divided into 8 categories. These included situations where the treatment group improved, or worsened, or where some outcome measures improved, while others worsened. From the responses of this first round, a mean, mode, median, and range of responses for each of the 95 questions was obtained. This information was sent out, in the second round of the Delphi exercise, only to those respondents who answered the first round. The respondent's previous answer and the mean and range from the first round were provided for each question. It gave respondents the option to change any of their initial responses. The median of their responses in the second round was used to calculate the values for the minimal clinically relevant treatment effect.


RESULTS
Thirty-two of the 65 SCTC members returned the first round of the Delphi exercise. Twenty-eight members returned the second round. Intraclass correlation coefficients between responses to round 1 and 2 were calculated for the questions. These varied from 0.99 (excellent agreement) to 0.02 (poor agreement). The p value was under 0.09 for 9 questions and under 0.19 for 20 questions. Standard deviations (SD) were calculated and were found to be lesser for each of the questions in round 2 when compared to the SD in responses from round 1, thus indicating a movement towards a consensus by the second round. An average of 33% of the responses were changed by the respondents in the second round of the Delphi exercise to a value closer to the median/average of the first round's responses. A range in required values for the minimal clinically relevant treatment effect for Modified Rodnan skin score is 3 to 7.5 units, Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI) 0.2 to 0.25 units, HAQ pain 0.2 to 0.3 units, MD global (100 mm visual analog scale) 8 to 13, patient global assessment 10 to 12, and diffusing capacity (percentage predicted) 9 to 10. The scenarios were especially weighted towards overall disease modification, thus organ-specific measures, such as 6 minute walk time (which has been used in many pulmonary artery hypertension trials), forced vital capacity, and a dyspnea rating (which may be important in scleroderma lung trials), were not included in the survey.


CONCLUSIONS
Our study begins to address the current deficiency in our knowledge of appropriate values for the minimal clinically relevant treatment effect in various scleroderma disease outcome measures. A consensus could be achieved, or at least a range of minimal clinically relevant treatment effect values could be found for several outcome measurements. Of course, this consensus statement will be modified by evidence as it accrues in each consensus area.
Gazi
Hashim
H
Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
Pope
Janet E
JE
Clements
Philip
P
Medsger
Thomas A
TA
Martin
Richard W
RW
Merkel
Peter A
PA
Kahaleh
Bashar
B
Wollheim
Frank A
FA
Baron
Murray
M
Csuka
Mary Ellen
ME
Emery
Paul
P
Belch
Jill F
JF
Hayat
Samina
S
Lally
Edward V
EV
Korn
Joseph H
JH
Czirjak
Laszlo
L
Herrick
Ariane
A
Voskuyl
Alexander E
AE
Bruehlmann
Pius
P
Inanc
Murat
M
Furst
Daniel E
DE
Black
Carol
C
Ellman
Michael H
MH
Moreland
Larry W
LW
Rothfield
Naomi F
NF
Hsu
Vivien
V
Mayes
Maureen
M
McKown
Kevin M
KM
Krieg
Thomas
T
Siebold
James R
JR
D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003697:Delphi Technique; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D012219:Rheumatology / Q000592:standards; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome