title: Previous palliation in patients with tetralogy of Fallot does not influence the outcome of later repair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Primary repair is the treatment of choice in patients with tetralogy of Fallot. The timing of repair, however, remains controversial, and an initial palliative procedure might be considered a valuable option in the early management of symptomatic young infants and in those with either unfavourable anatomy, major associated lesions or chromosomal abnormalities with a poor life expectancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the management of 100 consecutive patients with tetralogy of Fallot who were operated upon at our department during an 8-year period from June 1995 to March 2003. The rationale for the choice of the initial management and the outcome in terms of morbidity and mortality in patients who underwent primary repair was compared to that observed in patients who had had a two-stage repair.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age less than 3 months, the presence of either an unfavourable anatomy or major associated defects and genetic disorders with poor life expectancy were the indications for an initial palliation, which was carried out in 31 patients. There were no hospital deaths, and 28 of these patients underwent later repair with one hospital death (3.5%). Two patients with severe chromosomal abnormalities died at home and the remainder required a further palliation because of severely hypoplastic pulmonary arteries. Primary repair was carried out in 69 patients with one hospital death (1.4%). A transannular patch, which was used in 80% of our patients, was not an incremental risk factor for death regardless of the type of repair. Eight patients were reoperated on because of either residual right ventricular outflow tract obstruction with (four patients) or without (one patient) residual ventricular septal defect or isolated residual ventricular septal defect (three patients). All reoperations occurred in patients undergoing primary repair.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The outcome of patients undergoing repair of tetralogy of Fallot is not influenced in terms of either mortality or morbidity by an initial palliative procedure.
authors.affiliation: Centre for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Heart Defects, Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Seddio
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Migliazza
authors.forename: Adele
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borghi
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Crupi
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007558:Italy; D007902:Length of Stay; D010166:Palliative Care; D012086:Reoperation; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome