title: Infants' timing strategies to optical collisions: a longitudinal study.
abstract: Blinking is a good indication of awareness to optical collisions in early infancy. In the current longitudinal study, infants were presented with the image of a looming virtual object approaching on a collision course under different constant velocities and constant accelerations. The aim was to investigate which timing strategies the infants used to determine when to make the defensive blink. Blinking when the virtual object reaches a threshold visual angle (angle-strategy) or angular velocity would result in difficulties with accelerating approaches, while blinking when the object is a certain time away (time-strategy) would enable successful responses to all approaches. Eleven infants were tested longitudinally at 22, 26, and 30 weeks. Five infants switched from an angle- to a time-strategy, while one infant switched from using angular velocity to a time-strategy. Five infants used a time-strategy already at 22 weeks. These findings show that with age there is an attunement in the perceptual systems of infants which makes them switch to better specifying variables, enabling them to successfully time their defensive blinking to impending optical collisions.
authors.affiliation: Developmental Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway. Nanna.Kayed@svt.ntnu.no
authors.forename: Nanna Sønnichsen
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Kayed
authors.forename: Audrey L H
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: van der Meer
mesh_terms: D001767:Blinking / Q000502:physiology*; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D004215:Distance Perception; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009039:Motion Perception; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011930:Reaction Time; D013028:Space Perception; D013997:Time Factors; D013998:Time Perception; D014796:Visual Perception