title: Lamotrigine inhibition of rotenone- or 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced mitochondrial damage and cell death.
abstract: Defects in mitochondrial function have been shown to participate in the induction of neuronal cell injury. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of antiepileptic lamotrigine against the cytotoxicity of mitochondrial respiratory complex I inhibitors rotenone and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in relation to the mitochondria-mediated cell death process and oxidative stress. Both rotenone and MPP+ induced the nuclear damage, the changes in the mitochondrial membrane permeability, leading to the cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation, the formation of reactive oxygen species and the depletion of GSH in differentiated PC12 cells. Lamotrigine significantly attenuated the rotenone- or MPP+-induced mitochondrial damage leading to caspase-3 activation, increased oxidative stress and cell death. The preventive effect of lamotrigine against the toxicity of rotenone was greater than its effect on that of MPP+. The results show that lamotrigine seems to reduce the cytotoxicity of rotenone and MPP+ by suppressing the mitochondrial permeability transition formation, leading to cytochrome c release and subsequent activation of caspase-3. The preventive effect may be ascribed to its inhibitory action on the formation of reactive oxygen species and depletion of GSH. Lamotrigine seems to exert a protective effect against the neuronal cell injury due to the mitochondrial respiratory complex I inhibition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yun Jeong
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyun Hee
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Eun Sook
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Chung Soo
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D015655:1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D042967:Electron Transport Complex I / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D000077213:Lamotrigine; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016716:PC12 Cells; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012402:Rotenone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D014227:Triazines / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D009498:Neurotoxins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014227:Triazines; D012402:Rotenone; D045304:Cytochromes c; D053148:Caspase 3; D042967:Electron Transport Complex I; D005978:Glutathione; D015655:1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium; D000077213:Lamotrigine