Recovery of nitrotoluenes from wastewater by solvent extraction enhanced with salting-out effect.
Toluene extraction enhanced by salting-out effect was employed to recover dinitrotoluene isomers and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (2,4,6-TNT) from wastewater of toluene nitration processes (e.g. dinitration or trinitration). The batchwise experiments were conducted to elucidate the influence of various operating variables on the extracting performance, including concentrations and species of inorganic salts, such as NaCl, KCl, Na(2)SO(4), K(2)SO(4) and MgSO4, acidity of wastewater, volume ratios of solvent versus wastewater and extraction stages in existence of inorganic salts. It was found that recovery of total organic compounds (TOC) was significantly elevated with increasing concentrations of salts, whose promoting effects were in the following order: NaCl>Na(2)SO(4)>K(2)SO(4)>MgSO4>KCl on the weight basis of wastewater. Besides, high volume ratio of toluene/wastewater (ca. 2.0) was more suitable for recovery of TOC from wastewater with or without addition of NaCl, of which extractable priority was as follows: 2,6-DNT>2,4-DNT>2,4,6-TNT. It is remarkable that TOC in wastewater would be almost completely recovered by sequential four stages toluene extraction, promoted continuously by salting-out effect.
Chen
Wen-Shing
WS
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 640, Taiwan, ROC. chenwen@yuntech.edu.tw
Chiang
Wen-Chih
WC
Wei
Kuo-Ming
KM
D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000517:prevention & control; D012492:Salts; D012997:Solvents; D014050:Toluene / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014303:Trinitrotoluene / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*
D007220:Industrial Waste; D012492:Salts; D012997:Solvents; D014303:Trinitrotoluene; D014050:Toluene