title: Evaluation of the ability of canarypox-vectored equine influenza virus vaccines to induce humoral immune responses against canine influenza viruses in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate canarypox-vectored equine influenza virus (EIV) vaccines expressing hemagglutinins of A/equine/Kentucky/94 (vCP1529) and A2/equine/Ohio /03 (vCP2242) for induction of antibody responses against canine influenza virus (CIV) in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  35 dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs were randomly allocated into 4 groups; group 1 (n = 8) and group 2 (9) were inoculated SC on days 0 and 28 with 1.0 mL (approx 10(5.7) TCID(50)) of vCP1529 and vCP2242, respectively. Dogs in group 3 (n = 9) were inoculated twice with 0.25 mL (approx 10(5.7) TCID(50)) of vCP2242 via the transdermal route. The 9 dogs of group 4 were control animals. All dogs were examined for adverse reactions. Sera, collected on days -1, 7, 13, 21, 28, 35, and 42, were tested by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and virus neutralization (VN) assays for antibodies against CIV antigens A/Canine/FL/43/04-PR and A/Canine/NY/115809/05, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inoculations were tolerated well. The HI and VN antibodies were detected by 7 days after primary inoculation. Most dogs of groups 1 and 2 and all dogs of group 3 had detectable antibodies by 14 days after initial inoculation. The second inoculation induced an anamnestic response, yielding geometric mean HI titers of 139, 276, and 1,505 and VN titers of 335, 937, and 3,288 by day 42 (14 days after booster inoculation) in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Canarypox-vectored EIV vaccines induce biologically important antibodies and may substantially impact CIV transmission within a community and be of great value in protecting dogs against CIV-induced disease.
authors.affiliation: Merial Ltd, Research and Development Division, 115 Transtech Dr, Athens, GA 30601, USA.
authors.forename: Kemal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karaca
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Dubovi
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Siger
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Robles
authors.forename: Jean-Christophe
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Audonnet
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiansheng
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nordgren
authors.forename: Jules M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Minke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D028121:Canarypox virus / Q000235:genetics*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D053123:Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic