title: The clinical nurse specialist and nurse practitioner roles: room for both or take your pick?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this paper is to contribute to pertinent discussions regarding advanced practice nursing roles. In particular discussion will focus on the potential implications for the developing nurse ractitioner (NP) role on the existing clinical nurse specialist (CNS) roles.
  
  
  METHODS
  The literature presented originates primarily from the United States of America (USA), United Kingdom and Australia. Specific emphasis is placed on the psychiatric/mental health nursing context.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Amidst the confusion in terminology to describe and explain advanced, expanded or extended nursing roles, and to distinguish between the clinical nurse specialist and the nurse practitioner, there is a need to establish clarity. The need for both clinical nurse specialist and nurse practitioner roles has been hotly debated in the USA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The roles of clinical nurse specialist and nurse practitioner may be complementary but fulfil different functions. It is therefore important that both roles be maintained and implemented in response to consumer and health service needs.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Psychiatric Nursing Research and Practice, School of Nursing, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elsom
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Happell
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Manias
mesh_terms: D009722:Nurse Practitioners; D024802:Nurse's Role; D011793:Queensland; D013041:Specialties, Nursing