title: Remote magnetic navigation to guide endocardial and epicardial catheter mapping of scar-related ventricular tachycardia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study examines the safety and feasibility of using a remote magnetic navigation system to perform endocardial and epicardial substrate-based mapping and radiofrequency ablation in patients with scar-related ventricular tachycardia (VT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using the magnetic navigation system, we performed 27 procedures on 24 consecutive patients with a history of VT related to myocardial infarction, dilated cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or sarcoidosis. Electroanatomic mapping of the left ventricular, right ventricular, and ventricular epicardial surfaces was constructed in 24, 10, and 12 patients, respectively. Complete-chamber VT activation maps were created in 4 patients. A total of 77 VTs were inducible, of which 21 were targeted during VT with the remotely navigated radiofrequency ablation catheter alone. With a combination of entrainment and activation mapping, 17 of 21 VTs (81%) were successfully terminated in a mean of 8.4+/-8.2 seconds; for the remainder, irrigated radiofrequency ablation was necessary. The mean fluoroscopy times for endocardial and epicardial mapping were 27+/-23 seconds (range, 0 to 105 seconds) and 18+/-18 seconds (range, 0 to 49 seconds), respectively. In concert with a manually navigated irrigated ablation catheter, 75 of 77 VTs (97%) were ultimately ablated. Four patients underwent a second procedure for recurrent VT, 3 with the magnetic navigation system. After 1.2 procedures per patient, VT did not recur during a mean follow-up of 7+/-3 months (range, 2 to 12 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrates the safety and feasibility of remote catheter navigation to perform substrate mapping of scar-related VT in a wide range of disease states with a minimal amount of fluoroscopy exposure.
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aryana
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: d'Avila
authors.forename: E Kevin
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Heist
authors.forename: Theofanie
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mela
authors.forename: Jagmeet P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Jeremy N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Ruskin
authors.forename: Vivek Y
authors.initials: VY
authors.lastname: Reddy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018780:Body Surface Potential Mapping / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008280:Magnetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome