title: Mechanical stimulation of paralyzed vibrissal muscles following facial nerve injury in adult rat promotes full recovery of whisking.
abstract: Many patients suffer lifelong disabilities after peripheral nerve injury. Insufficient recovery has been attributed to excessive axonal branching, axonal regrowth to improper targets and polyneuronal reinnervation of motor endplates. We used the rat facial nerve transection/suture model to quantify the effects of mechanical stimulation on the paralyzed whisker musculature. "Manual" stimulation involved briskly stroking the whiskers by hand in a manner that specifically mimicked normal whisker movement. "Environmental" stimulation involved enhanced whisker use as rats encountered objects in an enriched environment. Manual and environmental stimulation were also combined. Video-based motion analysis of vibrissal motor performance showed that daily manual, but not environmental, stimulation for 2 months resulted in full recovery of whisking. Polyneuronal reinnervation of motor endplates was reduced but not misdirected axonal regrowth. Our findings indicate the potential of use-specific training to enhance appropriate functional outcome after peripheral nerve injury and may be useful in a clinical rehabilitation setting.
authors.affiliation: Anatomical Institute I, University of Cologne, Germany. angelov.anatomie@uni-koeln.de
authors.forename: Doychin N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Angelov
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ceynowa
authors.forename: Orlando
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Guntinas-Lichius
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Streppel
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grosheva
authors.forename: Silviya I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Kiryakova
authors.forename: Emmanouil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Skouras
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maegele
authors.forename: Andrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Irintchev
authors.forename: Wolfram F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Neiss
authors.forename: Nektarios
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sinis
authors.forename: Athanasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alvanou
authors.forename: Sarah A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Dunlop
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D004777:Environment; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D020220:Facial Nerve Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006234:Handling, Psychological; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009045:Motor Endplate / Q000502:physiology; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D010243:Paralysis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014738:Vibrissae / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes