Integration of external and internal dosimetry in Switzerland.
Individual monitoring regulations in Switzerland are based on the ICRP60 recommendations. The annual limit of 20 mSv for the effective dose applies to the sum of external and internal radiation. External radiation is monitored monthly or quarterly with TLD, DIS or CR-39 dosemeters by 10 approved external dosimetry services and reported as Hp(10) and Hp(0.07). Internal monitoring is done in two steps. At the workplace, simple screening measurements are done frequently in order to recognise a possible incorporation. If a nuclide dependent activity threshold is exceeded then one of the seven approved dosimetry services for internal radiation does an incorporation measurement to assess the committed effective dose E50. The dosimetry services report all the measured or assessed dose values to the employer and to the National Dose Registry. The employer records the annually accumulated dose values into the individual dose certificate of the occupationally exposed person, both the external dose Hp(10) and the internal dose E50 as well as the total effective dose E=Hp(10)+E50. Based on the national dose registry an annual report on the dosimetry in Switzerland is published which contains the statistics for the total effective dose, as well as separate statistics for external and internal exposure.
Frei
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D
Expert Group on Dosimetry, Swiss Federal Commission for Radiological Protection and Monitoring of Radioactivity in the Environment, Bern, Switzerland. daniel.frei@bag.admin.ch
Wernli
C
C
Baechler
S
S
Fischer
G
G
Jossen
H
H
Leupin
A
A
Lörtscher
Y
Y
Mini
R
R
Otto
T
T
Schuh
R
R
Weidmann
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U
D000465:Algorithms; D003198:Computer Simulation; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000592:standards*; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000592:standards*; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000592:standards*; D012015:Reference Standards; D012062:Relative Biological Effectiveness; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000592:standards; D017751:Safety Management / Q000592:standards*; D013557:Switzerland