title: Deltamethrin-impregnated bed nets and curtains in an anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis control program in northeastern Iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) has long been a significant public health problem in northeastern Iran. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of deltamethrin-impregnated vs. nonimpregnated bed nets (NIBs) and curtains (NICs) in ACL control.
  
  
  METHODS
  Deltamethrin-impregnated bed nets (IBs) and curtains (ICs) with 25 mg ai/m2 were distributed among 160 households in one district and NIBs and NICs were distributed among the same number of households in another district. A third district with a similar numbers of households served as a control. Health education mes- sages were disseminated to ensure the populationâs complicance with the proper use of bed nets and curtains. Sticky paper traps were used to assess the effect of insecticide-impregnated bed nets and curtains on the density of Phlebotomus sergenti. Deltamethrin susceptibility and also bioassay tests were carried out on the species by WHO standard method. Case findings were done by house-to-house visits once a season and all the inhabitants of the selected households in each district were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IBs and ICs provided good protection against sandfly bites and reduced the transmission of ACL in the intervention district, while NIBs and NICs provided no protection. There was no significant difference in monthly density of P. sergenti indoors and outdoors among the districts (P>0.05). This species was susceptible to delta- methrin in the field population in the area. Bioassays confirmed that the nets treated with deltamethrin remained effective for more than 3 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Personal protection is an effective and sustainable means of preventing and controlling ACL and can reduce dependence on insecticides. We encourage the use of IBs and ICs to control ACL in other high-risk areas of Iran and Afghanistan during the active season of sandflies.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed-Hassan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Moosa-Kazemi
authors.forename: Mohammad-Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Yaghoobi-Ershadir
authors.forename: Amir-Ahmad
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Akhavan
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abdoli
authors.forename: Ali-Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Zahraei-Ramazani
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jafari
authors.forename: Badakhshan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Houshmand
authors.forename: Abolhassan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nadim
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosseini
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001512:Bedding and Linens; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019353:Endemic Diseases; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007306:Insecticides; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D009570:Nitriles; D010691:Phlebotomus; D011722:Pyrethrins; D012423:Rural Health; D015047:Zoonoses
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017180:decamethrin