title: Tissue ingrowth and bowel adhesion formation in an animal comparative study: polypropylene versus Proceed versus Parietex Composite.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The optimal prosthesis for laparoscopic ventral hernia repair would combine excellent parietal surface tissue ingrowth with minimal visceral surface adhesiveness. Currently, few data are available from randomized trials comparing the commercially available prostheses.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a pig model designed to incite adhesions, three 10 x 15-cm pieces of mesh (Proceed, Parietex Composite [PCO], and polypropylene [PPM]) were randomly positioned intraperitoneally in each of 10 animals using sutures and tack fixation. After a 28-day survival, the amount of shrinkage, the area and peel strength of visceral adhesions, the peak peel strength, the work required to separate mesh from the abdominal wall, and a coefficient representing the adhesiveness of tissue ingrowth were averaged for each type of mesh and then compared with the averages for the other prostheses. The histologic appearance of each prosthesis was documented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Proceed had more shrinkage (99.6 cm2) than PCO (105.8 cm2) or PPM (112 cm2), although the difference was not statistically significant. The mean area of adhesions to PCO (11%) was significantly less than for Proceed (48%; p < 0.008) or PPM (46%; p < 0.008). Adhesion peel strength was significantly less for PCO (5.9 N) than for Proceed (12.1 N; p < 0.02) or PPM (12.9 N; p < 0.02). According to a filmy-to-dense scale of 1 to 5, adhesions were more filmy with PCO (1.7) than with PPM (2.9) or Proceed (3.7) (p < 0.007). Peak peel strength from the abdominal wall was significantly higher for PCO (17.2 N) than for Proceed (10.7 N) or PPM (10 N; p < 0.002). The histology of each prosthesis showed a neoperitoneum only with PCO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With less shrinkage, fewer and less dense adhesions to the viscera, and significantly stronger abdominal wall adherence and tissue ingrowth at 28 days in this animal study, PCO was superior to both Proceed and PPM in all categories. Furthermore, PCO demonstrated all the favorable qualities needed in an optimal prosthesis for laparoscopic ventral hernia repair, including the rapid development of a neoperitoneum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1010 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Hogle
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Durak
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Fowler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006555:Hernia, Ventral / Q000601:surgery; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D010529:Peritoneal Cavity / Q000601:surgery; D011091:Polyesters; D011126:Polypropylenes; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000473:pathology; D011336:Probability; D011897:Random Allocation; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013526:Surgical Mesh / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013552:Swine; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D011091:Polyesters; D011126:Polypropylenes