title: Analysis of human bone alkaline phosphatase isoforms: comparison of isoelectric focusing and ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several isoforms of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) can be identified in human tissues and serum after separation by anion-exchange HPLC and isoelectric focusing (IEF).
  
  
  METHODS
  We purified four soluble bone ALP (BALP) isoforms (B/I, B1x, B1 and B2) from human SaOS-2 cells, determined their specific pI values by broad range IEF (pH 3.5-9.5), compared these with commercial preparations of bone, intestinal and liver ALPs and established the effects of neuraminidase and wheat germ lectin (WGA) on enzyme activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Whilst the isoforms B1x (pI=4.48), B1 (pI=4.32) and B2 (pI=4.12) resolved as well-defined bands, B/I resolved as a complex (pI=4.85-6.84). Neuraminidase altered the migration of all BALP isoforms to pI=6.84 and abolished their binding to the anion-exchange matrix, but increased their enzymatic activities by 11-20%. WGA precipitated the BALP isoforms in IEF gels and the HPLC column and attenuated their enzymatic activities by 54-73%. IEF resolved the commercial BALP into 2 major bands (pI=4.41 and 4.55).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Migration of BALP isoforms is similar in IEF and anion-exchange HPLC and dependent on sialic acid content. HPLC is preferable in smaller scale research applications where samples containing mixtures of BALP isoforms are analysed. Circulating liver ALP (pI=3.85) can be resolved from BALP by either method. IEF represents a simpler approach for routine purposes even though some overlapping of the isoforms may occur.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linköping University Hospital, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden. chris.sharp@rjah.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Linder
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Magnusson
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000201:enzymology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000201:enzymology; D007525:Isoelectric Focusing; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000737:chemistry; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D014909:Wheat Germ Agglutinins / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D020033:Protein Isoforms; D014909:Wheat Germ Agglutinins; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D009439:Neuraminidase