title: Homeopathy for childhood and adolescence ailments: systematic review of randomized clinical trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the evidence of any type of therapeutic or preventive intervention testing homeopathy for childhood and adolescence ailments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic literature searches were conducted through January 2006 in MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL, Cochrane Central, British Homeopathic Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the UK National Research Register. Bibliographies were checked for further relevant publications. Studies were selected according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. All double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials of any homeopathic intervention for preventing or treating childhood and adolescence ailments were included. According to the classification of the World Health Organization, the age range defined for inclusion was 0 to 19 years. Study selection, data extraction, and assessment of methodological quality were performed independently by 2 reviewers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 326 articles were identified, 91 of which were retrieved for detailed evaluation. Sixteen trials that assessed 9 different conditions were included in the study. With the exception of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and acute childhood diarrhea (each tested in 3 trials), no condition was assessed in more than 2 double-blind randomized clinical trials. The evidence for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and acute childhood diarrhea is mixed, showing both positive and negative results for their respective main outcome measures. For adenoid vegetation, asthma, and upper respiratory tract infection each, 2 trials are available that suggest no difference compared with placebo. For 4 conditions, only single trials are available.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The evidence from rigorous clinical trials of any type of therapeutic or preventive intervention testing homeopathy for childhood and adolescence ailments is not convincing enough for recommendations in any condition.
authors.affiliation: Complementary Medicine, Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Umut
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Altunç
authors.forename: Max H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Pittler
authors.forename: Edzard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ernst
mesh_terms: D000234:Adenoids / Q000473:pathology; D000293:Adolescent; D001249:Asthma / Q000628:therapy; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D003231:Conjunctivitis / Q000628:therapy; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000628:therapy; D006705:Homeopathy; D006801:Humans; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000628:therapy; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000628:therapy; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000628:therapy; D014860:Warts / Q000628:therapy