Physiopathologic implications of the structural and functional domains of the prion protein.
Prion diseases are invariably fatal neurodegenerative disorders affecting man and various animal species. A large body of evidence supports the notion that the causative agent of these diseases is the prion, which, devoid of nucleic acids, is composed largely, if not entirely, of a conformationally abnormal isoform (PrP(Sc) of the cellular prion protein (PrPc). PrPc is a highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed sialoglycoprotein, the normal function of which is, however, still ill defined. Several modules have been recognised in PrPc structure. Their extensive analysis by different experimental approaches, including transgenic animal models, has allowed to assigning to several modules a putative role in PrPc physiology. Concurrently, it has underscored the possibility that alteration of specific domains may determine the switching from a beneficial role of PrPc into one that becomes detrimental to neurons, and/or promote the conversion of PrPc into the pathogenic PrP(Sc) conformer.
Sorgato
M Catia
MC
Dipartimento di Chimica Biologica, Istituto CNR di Neuroscienze, Università di Padova, Padova, Italia. catia.sorgato@unipd.it
Bertoli
Alessandro
A
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D003300:Copper / Q000378:metabolism; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D006801:Humans; D021962:Membrane Microdomains / Q000502:physiology; D018621:PrPC Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology*; D018620:PrPSc Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011328:Prions / Q000502:physiology; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; C501125:PRND protein, human; D018621:PrPC Proteins; D018620:PrPSc Proteins; D011328:Prions; D003300:Copper