title: Hybrid therapy in patients with complex peripheral multifocal steno-obstructive vascular disease: two-year results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the 2-year results after hybrid (combined surgical-endovascular) therapy in patients with complex peripheral multifocal steno-obstructive vascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  From September 2001 through April 2003, 47 combined surgical-endovascular procedures were performed in a single session in 44 patients with peripheral occlusive artery disease. Although the common femoral artery is usually treated with open surgery, endoluminal procedures were performed upward in 23 patients (group A), distally in 18 patients (group B), and both upward and downward of the area treated with open surgery in 3 patients (group C). Patients underwent clinical assessment and color duplex ultrasonography examination at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after the procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The technical success rate was 100%. Two patients died, at 2 and 19 months after treatment, respectively, both from myocardial infarction. Primary and primary-assisted patency rates were 86.2% and 90.8% at 6 months and 79.1% and 86.1% at 24 months, respectively. Thirty-three patients remained free of symptoms, without any secondary interventions, which corresponded to a primary patency rate of 78.6% (33 of 42).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined therapy simplifies and allows the one-step treatment of patients with complex peripheral multifocal steno-obstructive vascular disease that has indications for revascularization, and it provides excellent long-term patency rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science and Bioimaging, Section of Radiology, University G. D'Annunzio, SS. Annunziata Hospital, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio Raffaele
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Cotroneo
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Iezzi
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marano
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fonio
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nessi
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gandini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D017073:Atherectomy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004691:Endarterectomy; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000601:surgery*; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome