title: Subcellular localization determines the delicate balance between the anti- and pro-apoptotic activity of Livin.
abstract: Livin is a member of the Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein family which inhibits apoptosis induced by a variety of stimuli. We previously identified Livin and demonstrated that following apoptotic stimuli, Livin is cleaved by effector caspases to produce a truncated form with paradoxical pro-apoptotic activity. In the present study, we reveal that while full-length Livin shows diffuse cytoplasmic localization, truncated Livin (tLivin) is found in a peri-nuclear distribution with marked localization to the Golgi apparatus. Using mutation analysis, we identified two domains that are crucial for the pro-apoptotic activity of tLivin: the N-terminal region of tLivin which is exposed by cleavage, and the RING domain. We demonstrate that, of the N-terminal sequence, only the first N-terminal glycine residue dictates the peri-nuclear distribution of tLivin. However, while the perinuclear localization of tLivin is essential, it is not sufficient for tLivin to exert its pro-apoptotic function. Once tLivin is properly localized, an intact RING domain enables its pro-apoptotic function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, P.O.B. 12000, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
authors.forename: Boaz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nachmias
authors.forename: Itay
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lazar
authors.forename: Meital
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elmalech
authors.forename: Ihab
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Abed-El-Rahaman
authors.forename: Yaqoub
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Asshab
authors.forename: Ofer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mandelboim
authors.forename: Riki
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Perlman
authors.forename: Dina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ben-Yehuda
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism*; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C419866:BIRC7 protein, human; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D020169:Caspases