title: Double-bundle reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament: anatomic and biomechanical rationale.
abstract: Patients continue to suffer residual pain and instability following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Although overall outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction are favorable, improved outcomes can be achieved. Recent biomechanical studies have questioned the ability of conventional single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament constructs to adequately restore normal knee kinematics. Consequently, the use of double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament constructs has been recommended to restore knee stability more effectively. Recent biomechanical data indicate that double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction may provide better anteroposterior and rotational knee stability than do conventional single-bundle techniques. Studies are needed to evaluate the clinical impact of double-bundle reconstruction techniques on long-term functional outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
authors.forename: Boris A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Zelle
authors.forename: Armando F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.forename: Peter U
authors.initials: PU
authors.lastname: Brucker
authors.forename: Freddie H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000601:surgery*; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*