title: Intra-operative quick insulin assay to confirm complete resection of insulinomas guided by selective arterial calcium injection (SACI).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Insulinomas are rare endocrine disorders. Pre-operatively, conventional imaging techniques often fail to localise the tumor. In addition, due to the lack of quick insulin assays, intra-operative confirmation of complete resection was impossible until recently.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six patients with biochemical evidence of an insulinoma underwent pre-operative localisation studies and selective arterial calcium injection (SACI). In addition, insulin was measured before surgery and every 10-15 min after resection of the tumor using a quick insulin assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pre-operative localisation studies identified the tumor correctly as follows: endosonography: three of four, magnetic resonance imaging: two of four and SACI: six of six. Tumors in the head and body were enucleated while those in the tail were resected (n = 2, each). Those three patients, in whom magnetic resonance imaging and/or endosonography could localise the tumors pre-operatively, underwent laparoscopic surgery while the remaining three patients underwent open surgery. Intra-operatively, insulin dropped to normal levels within 20 min in all cases. After a follow-up of 0.8-3 years, all patients remained biochemically cured.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pre-operatively, SACI appears to be a very sensitive localisation technique and may be most helpful in guiding the surgeon if conventional imaging techniques fail to localise the tumor. Complete removal of an insulinoma can be reliably predicted using a quick insulin assay.
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, University of Halle, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06097 Halle, Germany. oliver.gimm@medizin.uni-halle.de
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gimm
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: König
authors.forename: Phuong Nguyen
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Thanh
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brauckhoff
authors.forename: Wolfram
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Karges
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dralle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002118:Calcium; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007340:Insulinoma / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010180:Pancreatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D002118:Calcium