title: Mechanisms of inhibited liver tissue repair in toxicant challenged type 2 diabetic rats.
abstract: Liver injury initiated by non-lethal doses of CCl(4) and thioacetamide (TA) progresses to hepatic failure and death of type 2 diabetic (DB) rats due to failed advance of liver cells from G(0)/G(1) to S-phase and inhibited tissue repair. Objective of the present study was to investigate cellular signaling mechanisms of failed cell division in DB rats upon hepatotoxicant challenge. In CCl(4)-treated non-diabetic (non-DB) rats, increased IL-6 levels, sustained activation of extracellular regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) MAPK, and sustained phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (p-pRB) via cyclin D1/cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) 4 and cyclin D1/cdk6 complexes stimulated G(0)/G(1) to S-phase transition of liver cells. In contrast to the non-DB rats, CCl(4) administration led to lower plasma IL-6, decreased ERK1/2 activation, lower cyclin D1, and cdk 4/6 expression resulting in decreased p-pRB and inhibition of liver cell division in the DB rats. Furthermore, higher TGFbeta1 expression and p21 activation may also contribute to decreased p-pRB in DB rats compared to non-DB rats. Similarly, after TA administration to DB rats, down-regulation of cyclin D1 and p-pRB leads to markedly decreased advance of liver cells from G(0)/G(1) to S-phase and tissue repair compared to the non-DB rats. Hepatic ATP levels did not differ between the DB and non-DB rats obviating its role in failed tissue repair in the DB rats. In conclusion, decreased p-pRB may contribute to blocked advance of cells from G(0)/G(1) to S-phase and failed cell division in DB rats exposed to CCl(4) or TA, leading to progression of liver injury and hepatic failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Louisiana at Monroe, 700 University Avenue, Sugar Hall #306, Monroe, LA 71209-0470, USA.
authors.forename: Sharmilee P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Sawant
authors.forename: Ankur V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Dnyanmote
authors.forename: Harihara M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Mehendale
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002252:Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015151:Immunoblotting; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D013853:Thioacetamide / Q000633:toxicity*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D013853:Thioacetamide; D019938:Cyclin D1; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases