title: Hierarchical Feedback and Learning for Multi-joint Arm Movement Control.
abstract: This paper presents a general method for hierarchical feedback control of redundant systems, and applies it to the problem of arm movement control. A high-level feedback controller, designed using optimal control techniques, operates on a simplified virtual plant. A low-level controller is responsible for performing a feedback transformation of the physical plant into the desired virtual plant. The method is applied in the context of reaching with two realistic models of the human arm: a 2-DOF, 6-muscle model, and a 7-DOF, 14-muscle model. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0411 USA. wwli@mechanics.ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Emanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Todorov
authors.forename: Xiuchuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pan