title: Lipids and related parameters in Saudi type II diabetes mellitus patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (type II DM) is frequently associated with abnormal levels of lipids, particularly in patients with poor diabetic control. This study was designed to investigate the influence of type II DM on levels of plasma lipids and other related parameters in Saudi patients. Saudi Arabia has a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the adult population. Since the Saudi population presents a unique group with different dietary habits, lifestyle and genetic make-up, we investigated the lipids, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein pattern in Saudi type II DM patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted on 2835 diabetic patients (1361 males, 1474 females) and 200 age-matched healthy adults from the same areas with no history of diabetes mellitus. Data collected included height, weight, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and other relevant parameters. Lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins were estimated, and correlation studies were carried out between these parameters. Lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins were also correlated with the fasting blood glucose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results showed significant elevation in cholesterol and triglyceride, apo A and apo B levels in the diabetic males and females compared to the controls. Approximately 37% of the total DM patients fell in the borderline risk group, while 28.4% fell in the high-risk group for development of cardiovascular disease. Lipoproteins did not differ significantly. Cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL, LDL and Hb A1c correlated positively with glucose (P<0.05), while triglyceride, VLDL, HDL, LDL, apo A and apo B showed significant correlation with cholesterol, where all parameters increased with cholesterol except HDL, which decreased as cholesterol increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings point toward high prevalence of dyslipidemia in type II DM Saudi patients.
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, King Saud University, Ministry of Health, and College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: El-Hazmi
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Al-Swailem
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Warsy
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Al-Meshari
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sulaimani
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Al-Swailem
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Magbool