Coinfection with Schistosoma mansoni reactivates viremia in rhesus macaques with chronic simian-human immunodeficiency virus clade C infection.
We tested the hypothesis that helminth parasite coinfection would intensify viremia and accelerate disease progression in monkeys chronically infected with an R5 simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) encoding a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) clade C envelope. Fifteen rhesus monkeys with stable SHIV-1157ip infection were enrolled into a prospective, randomized trial. These seropositive animals had undetectable viral RNA and no signs of immunodeficiency. Seven animals served as virus-only controls; eight animals were exposed to Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. From week 5 after parasite exposure onward, coinfected animals shed eggs in their feces, developed eosinophilia, and had significantly higher mRNA expression of the T-helper type 2 cytokine interleukin-4 (P = 0.001) than animals without schistosomiasis. Compared to virus-only controls, viral replication was significantly increased in coinfected monkeys (P = 0.012), and the percentage of their CD4(+) CD29(+) memory cells decreased over time (P = 0.05). Thus, S. mansoni coinfection significantly increased viral replication and induced T-cell subset alterations in monkeys with chronic SHIV clade C infection.
Ayash-Rashkovsky
Mila
M
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115-6084, USA.
Chenine
Agnès-Laurence
AL
Steele
Lisa N
LN
Lee
Sandra J
SJ
Song
Ruijiang
R
Ong
Helena
H
Rasmussen
Robert A
RA
Hofmann-Lehmann
Regina
R
Else
James G
JG
Augostini
Peter
P
McClure
Harold M
HM
Secor
W Evan
WE
Ruprecht
Ruth M
RM
D000818:Animals; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004802:Eosinophilia; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D019012:Integrin beta1 / Q000032:analysis; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni; D012555:Schistosomiasis mansoni / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D019562:Viral Load; D014766:Viremia; D014779:Virus Replication
D015704:CD4 Antigens; D019012:Integrin beta1; D012367:RNA, Viral; D015847:Interleukin-4