title: IGF-1 stimulates de novo fatty acid biosynthesis by Schwann cells during myelination.
abstract: Schwann cell (SC) differentiation to the myelinating phenotype is characterized by the elaboration of a lipid-rich membrane and the expression of myelin-specific proteins. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has been identified as a growth factor that stimulates the early events of myelination in SCs that signals via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Given the role of IGF-1 in promoting myelination, we performed studies to determine if the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway was a target of IGF-1 signaling in the formation of myelin membrane in dorsal root ganglion neuron/Schwann cell (DRG/SC) cocultures. We report that the fatty acid profile of lipid extracts of cocultures treated with IGF-1 match that reported for native myelin membrane by electrospray mass spectroscopy analysis. We also demonstrate de novo fatty acid biosynthesis in response to IGF-1 treatment in DRG/SC cocultures metabolically labeled with (13)C-acetate as a carbon source for fatty acid synthesis. Consistent with this finding, Western blot analysis of lysates from both cocultures and purified SCs reveal that IGF-1 stimulates two key fatty acid synthesizing enzymes. Additionally, we show that stimulation of fatty acid synthesizing enzymes is mediated by the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. We also show that the fatty acid synthesizing enzymes and associated signaling pathways are elevated during the period of myelin membrane formation in sciatic nerve. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that IGF-1 plays an important regulatory function during myelin membrane formation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8020, USA.
authors.forename: Guoying
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Gary W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Cline
authors.forename: Carolyn M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Macica
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D017933:Peripheral Nervous System / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012583:Schwann Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D005227:Fatty Acids; D008563:Membrane Lipids; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt