title: Cooperative demethylation by JMJD2C and LSD1 promotes androgen receptor-dependent gene expression.
abstract: Posttranslational modifications of histones, such as methylation, regulate chromatin structure and gene expression. Recently, lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), the first histone demethylase, was identified. LSD1 interacts with the androgen receptor and promotes androgen-dependent transcription of target genes by ligand-induced demethylation of mono- and dimethylated histone H3 at Lys 9 (H3K9) only. Here, we identify the Jumonji C (JMJC) domain-containing protein JMJD2C as the first histone tridemethylase regulating androgen receptor function. JMJD2C interacts with androgen receptor in vitro and in vivo. Assembly of ligand-bound androgen receptor and JMJD2C on androgen receptor-target genes results in demethylation of trimethyl H3K9 and in stimulation of androgen receptor-dependent transcription. Conversely, knockdown of JMJD2C inhibits androgen-induced removal of trimethyl H3K9, transcriptional activation and tumour cell proliferation. Importantly, JMJD2C colocalizes with androgen receptor and LSD1 in normal prostate and in prostate carcinomas. JMJD2C and LSD1 interact and both demethylases cooperatively stimulate androgen receptor-dependent gene transcription. In addition, androgen receptor, JMJD2C and LSD1 assemble on chromatin to remove methyl groups from mono, di and trimethylated H3K9. Thus, our data suggest that specific gene regulation requires the assembly and coordinate action of demethylases with distinct substrate specificities.
authors.affiliation: Universitäts-Frauenklinik und Zentrum für Klinische Forschung, Klinikum der Universität Freiburg, Breisacherstrasse 66, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wissmann
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Judith M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Greschik
authors.forename: Barna D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Fodor
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jenuwein
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vogler
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Günther
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buettner
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Metzger
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schüle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006367:HeLa Cells; D056466:Histone Demethylases; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D056484:Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases; D008297:Male; D015741:Metribolone / Q000494:pharmacology; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010089:Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020218:Response Elements / Q000235:genetics; D020840:Tissue Kallikreins / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D006657:Histones; C413655:KDM4C protein, human; D035683:MicroRNAs; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D014157:Transcription Factors; D015741:Metribolone; D056466:Histone Demethylases; D056484:Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases; C495195:KDM1A protein, human; D010089:Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating; D020840:Tissue Kallikreins; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen