title: Serum lipids and glucose control: the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the relationship of serum lipid concentrations with glucose control in youth with diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional analyses of data from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicenter study of youth with diabetes onset at younger than 20 years. PATIENTS/ PARTICIPANTS: Nineteen hundred seventy-three SEARCH participants aged 10 years or older with hemoglobin A(1c) and fasting total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride measured at the SEARCH study examination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hemoglobin A(1c).
  
  
  METHODS
  Lipid concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant trends of higher levels of TC, LDL-C, triglyceride, and non-HDL-C (but not HDL-C) with higher hemoglobin A(1c) concentrations for both diabetes types. The slopes of TC increase were 7.8 mg/dL (0.20 mmol/L) per unit increase in hemoglobin A(1c) for type 1 and 8.1 mg/dL (0.21 mmol/L) for type 2. Levels of TC, LDL-C, triglyceride, and non-HDL-C were all significantly higher (all P values <.001) in type 2 than in type 1 diabetes (mean differences in milligrams per deciliter [millimoles per liter], +13.6 [+0.35] for TC; +8.3 [+0.22] for LDL-C; +66.3 [+0.75] for triglyceride; +25.5 [+0.66] for non-HDL-C). Levels of HDL-C were lower in youth with type 2 diabetes (mean difference, -11.9 mg/dL [-0.31 mmol/L]). Among those with type 1 diabetes in poor glycemic control, 35%, 27%, and 12% had high concentrations of TC (>or=200 mg/dL [5.17 mmol/L]), LDL-C (>or=130 mg/dL [3.36 mmol/L]), and triglyceride (>or=200 mg/dL [2.26 mmol/L]), respectively. In youth with type 2 diabetes in poor glycemic control, percentages with high levels of TC, LDL-C, and triglycerides were 65%, 43%, and 40%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Glycemic control and lipid levels are independently associated in youth with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, 393 E Walnut St, Pasadena, CA 91188, USA. diana.b.petitti@kp.org
authors.forename: Diana B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Petitti
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Imperatore
authors.forename: Shana L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Palla
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Daniels
authors.forename: Lawrence M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Dolan
authors.forename: Ann K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Kershnar
authors.forename: Santica
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marcovina
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Pettitt
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pihoker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D002648:Child; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012042:Registries; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D014280:Triglycerides