title: Caregiver burden associated with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in elderly people in the local community.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite many studies about the association between caregiver burden and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), there have been no population-based studies to evaluate caregiver burden associated with each BPSD.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate caregiver burden associated with the individual BPSD in elderly people living in the community.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 67 participants with dementia living with their caregivers (diagnosed in the third Nakayama study): 51 Alzheimer's disease, 5 vascular dementia and 11 other. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and NPI Caregiver Distress Scale (NPI-D) were used to assess subjects' BPSD and related caregiver distress, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the subjects exhibiting BPSD, aberrant motor behavior had the highest mean NPI score, and depression/dysphoria had the lowest. Agitation/aggression had the highest mean NPI-D score, and euphoria/elation had the lowest. Delusion, agitation/aggression, apathy/indifference, irritability/lability and aberrant motor behavior showed a correlation between the NPI and NPI-D scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The burden associated with BPSD is different for each symptom and does not always depend on frequency and severity of BPSD. These findings suggest that some symptoms, such as agitation/aggression and irritability/lability, may affect the caregivers significantly, although their frequency and severity are low.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Neuroscience, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Ryuji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fukuhara
authors.forename: Shunichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shinagawa
authors.forename: Tomohisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Yasutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Toyota
authors.forename: Teruhisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Hiroyoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Nobutsugu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hirono
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanabe
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology; D001526:Behavioral Symptoms / Q000209:etiology; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003702:Delusions / Q000209:etiology; D003704:Dementia / Q000150:complications / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000150:complications / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007508:Irritable Mood; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000209:etiology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology