title: (-)-Adrenaline elicits positive inotropic, lusitropic, and biochemical effects through beta2 -adrenoceptors in human atrial myocardium from nonfailing and failing hearts, consistent with Gs coupling but not with Gi coupling.
abstract: Activation of either coexisting beta1- or beta2 -adrenoceptors with noradrenaline or adrenaline, respectively, causes maximum increases of contractility of human atrial myocardium. Previous biochemical work with the beta2 -selective agonist zinterol is consistent with activation of the cascade beta2 -adrenoceptors-->Gsalpha-protein-->adenylyl cyclase-->cAMP-->protein kinase (PKA)-->phosphorylation of phospholamban, troponin I, and C-protein-->hastened relaxation of human atria from nonfailing hearts. However, in feline and rodent myocardium, catecholamines and zinterol usually do not hasten relaxation through activation of beta2 -adrenoceptors, presumably because of coupling of the receptors to Gi protein. It is unknown whether the endogenously occurring beta2 -adrenoceptor agonist adrenaline acts through the above cascade in human atrium and whether its mode of action could be changed in heart failure. We assessed the effects of (-)-adrenaline, mediated through beta2 -adrenoceptors (in the presence of CGP 20712A 300 nM to block beta1 -adrenoceptors), on contractility and relaxation of right atrial trabecula obtained from nonfailing and failing human hearts. Cyclic AMP levels were measured as well as phosphorylation of phospholamban, troponin I, and protein C with Western blots and the back-phosphorylation procedure. For comparison, beta1 -adrenoceptor-mediated effects of (-)-noradrenaline were investigated in the presence of ICI 118,551 (50 nM to block beta2 -adrenoceptors). The positive inotropic effects of both (-)-noradrenaline and (-)-adrenaline were accompanied by reductions in time to peak force and time to reach 50% relaxation. (-)-Adrenaline caused similar positive inotropic and lusitropic effects in atrial trabeculae from failing hearts. However, the inotropic potency, but not the lusitropic potency, of (-)-noradrenaline was reduced fourfold in atrial trabeculae from heart failure patients. Both (-)-adrenaline and (-)-noradrenaline enhanced cyclic AMP levels and produced phosphorylation of phospholamban, troponin I, and C-protein to a similar extent in atrial trabeculae from nonfailing hearts. The hastening of relaxation caused by (-)-adrenaline together with the PKA-catalyzed phosphorylation of the three proteins involved in relaxation, indicate coupling of beta2 -adrenoceptors to Gs protein. The phosphorylation of phospholamban at serine16 and threonine17 evoked by (-)-adrenaline through beta2 -adrenoceptors and by (-)-noradrenaline through beta1 -adrenoceptors was not different in atria from nonfailing and failing hearts. Activation of beta2 -adrenoceptors caused an increase in phosphorylase a activity in atrium from failing hearts further emphasizing the presence of the beta2 -adrenoceptor-Gsalpha-protein pathway in human heart. The positive inotropic and lusitropic potencies of (-)-adrenaline were conserved across Arg16Gly- and Gln27Glu-beta2 -adrenoceptor polymorphisms in the right atrium from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery, chronically treated with beta1 -selective blockers. The persistent relaxant and biochemical effects of (-)-adrenaline through beta2 -adrenoceptors and of (-)-noradrenaline through beta1 -adrenoceptors in heart failure are inconsistent with an important role of coupling of beta2 -adrenoceptors with Gialpha-protein in human atrial myocardium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, The University of Queensland, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Queensland, 4032, Australia. p.molenaar@uq.edu.au
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Molenaar
authors.forename: Santiyagu M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Savarimuthu
authors.forename: Doreen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sarsero
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Annalese B T
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Semmler
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carle
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bartel
authors.forename: Donate
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vetter
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Beyerdörfer
authors.forename: Ernst-Georg
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: Alberto J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Kaumann
mesh_terms: D000322:Adrenergic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D058671:Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists; D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D020517:Atrial Appendage / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D003971:Diastole / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019206:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D019205:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005838:Genotype; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010762:Phosphorylase a / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D019210:Troponin I / Q000378:metabolism; D000099211:Phospholamban; D000099163:Myosin Binding Protein C
chemical_list: D000322:Adrenergic Agonists; D058671:Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists; D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D004837:Epinephrine; D019206:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go; D019205:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs; D007545:Isoproterenol; D009638:Norepinephrine; D010762:Phosphorylase a; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; D019210:Troponin I; D000099211:Phospholamban; D000099163:Myosin Binding Protein C