title: Obesity and pulmonary function in Navajo and Hopi children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although several reports have shown an adverse cardiovascular and metabolic risk profile associated with childhood obesity, few reports have examined the effects of childhood obesity on pulmonary function.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of obesity on pulmonary function in Navajo and Hopi children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects included 256 (110 males, 146 females) Hopi children 6-12 years of age and 557 (274 males, 283 females) Navajo children 6-12 years of age (N = 813). The body mass index was used to classify subjects as normal weight, overweight, or obese on the basis of international reference values. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expired volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1% (FEV1 to FVC ratio; FEV1/FVC), and forced expiratory flow between 25%-75% of vital capacity (FEF25-75) were determined according to the American Thoracic Society recommendations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 26% of Navajo and Hopi children were defined as overweight additional 16% (14.6% of boys and 17.7% of girls) were defined as obese. In general, the patterns showed an increase in pulmonary function between normal weight and overweight children and a decrease in pulmonary function of obese children. Significant differences among groups existed for FEV1% and FEF25-75 in boys and FVC and FEV1 in girls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate the pulmonary consequences of obesity in children and provide further evidence of the adverse consequences of pediatric obesity among Native Americans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Human Performance, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA. jce@iastate.edu
authors.forename: Joey C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Eisenmann
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Arnall
authors.forename: Verdell
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kanuho
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Interpretter
authors.forename: J Richard
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Coast
mesh_terms: D001130:Arizona / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012119:Respiration; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests