title: Stereoselective determination of hydroxychloroquine and its metabolites in human urine by liquid-phase microextraction and CE.
abstract: Liquid-phase microextraction based on polypropylene hollow fibers and CE were applied for the chiral determination of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and its metabolites (desethylchloroquine, DCQ; desethylhydroxychloroquine, DHCQ; bisdesethylchloroquine, BDCQ) in human urine. The analytes were extracted from 3 mL of urine spiked with the internal standard (metoprolol) and alkalinized with 250 muL of 2 M NaOH. The analytes were extracted into 1-octanol impregnated in the pores of the hollow fiber, and into an acid acceptor solution inside the hollow fiber. The electrophoretic separations were carried out in 100 mmol/L Tris buffer (pH adjusted to 9.0 with phosphoric acid) containing 1% w/v S-beta-CD and 30 mg/mL HP-beta-CD with a constant voltage of +18 kV. The method was linear over the concentration range of 10-1000 ng/mL for each HCQ stereoisomer and 21-333 ng/mL for each metabolite stereoisomer. Within-day and between-day assay precision and accuracy for the analytes were studied at three concentration levels for each stereoisomer and were lower than 15%. The developed method was applied for the determination of the cumulative urinary excretion of HCQ, DCQ, and DHCQ after oral administration of rac-HCQ to a health volunteer. The results obtained are in agreement with previous literature data.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anderson Rodrigo Moraes
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Carmen Dickow
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.forename: Pierina Sueli
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Bonato
mesh_terms: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary; D006801:Humans; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D007536:Isomerism
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine