title: Swine cysticercosis hotspots surrounding Taenia solium tapeworm carriers.
abstract: We estimated the Taenia solium swine cysticercosis risk gradient surrounding tapeworm carriers in seven rural communities in Peru. At baseline, the prevalences of taeniasis by microscopy and swine cysticercosis by serology were 1.2% (11 of 898) and 30.8% (280 of 908), respectively. The four-month cumulative seroincidence was 9.8% (30 of 307). The unadjusted swine seroprevalence and seroincidence rates increased exponentially by 12.0% (95% confidence [CI] = 9.7-14.3%) and 32.8% (95% CI = 25.0-41.0%), respectively when distance to carriers decreased by half. Swine seroprevalence was 18.4% at > 500 meters from a carrier, 36.5% between 51 and 500 meters, and 68.9% within 50 meters (P < 0.001). Swine seroincidence also displayed a strong gradient near tapeworm carriers (3.8%, 12.2%, and 44.0%; P < 0.001). Within 50 meters, swine seroprevalence appeared unaffected if the owners harbored tapeworms, although pigs owned by a tapeworm carrier had a four times higher seroincidence compared with other pigs (P = 0.005). In rural areas, swine cysticercosis occurs in high-risk hotspots around carriers where control interventions could be delivered.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Administration and Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: Andres G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Lescano
authors.forename: Hector H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Gilman
authors.forename: M Claudia
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Guezala
authors.forename: Victor C W
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Tsang
authors.forename: Cesar M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Gavidia
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Lawrence H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Moulton
authors.forename: Justin A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Armando E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth / Q000097:blood; D002353:Carrier State / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D003551:Cysticercosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D003552:Cysticercus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010568:Peru / Q000453:epidemiology; D012424:Rural Population; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D041201:Taenia solium / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D000909:Antibodies, Helminth