title: Use of the new indicator test (Neuropad) for the assessment of the staged severity of neuropathy in type 2 diabetic patients.
abstract: The new indicator test for sudomotor function (Neuropad) has been shown to represent a highly sensitive and reproducible tool for the diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. This study aimed to examine the utility of the indicator test in the assessment of the staged severity of neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study included 120 type 2 diabetic patients (58 men) with a mean age of 67.3+/-5.9 years and a mean diabetes duration of 13.1+/-3.2 years. Neuropathy was diagnosed and staged by clinical examination and nerve conduction study, according to the Michigan classification system. Patients were also examined with the indicator test, applied on the plantar aspect of the feet. Time until complete colour change of the test was recorded and stratified into deciles according to the spread of measurements in the study population. Neuropathy was staged as class 0 in 37 patients, class 1 in 44 patients, class 2 in 28 patients and class 3 in 11 patients. Time until complete colour change was 436.5+/-62.9, 740+/-88.1, 1192.5+/-161 and 1817.3+/-127.4 seconds in patients staged as class 0, 1, 2 and 3 respectively (p=0.001). Use of a threshold lower than 530 seconds until complete colour change had 97% sensitivity and 100% specificity for diagnosis of class 0 neuropathy. Use of a threshold lower than 1000 seconds until complete colour change had 100% sensitivity and 97% specificity for class 1 neuropathy. A threshold lower than 1440 seconds had 93% sensitivity and 100% specificity for class 2 neuropathy. A threshold above 1440 seconds had 100% sensitivity and 99% specificity for class 3 neuropathy. A highly significant (Kendall's tau-b=0.848, p=0.001) correlation was shown between time until complete colour change of the test and Michigan class of neuropathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It appears that the indicator test contributes substantially to the assessment of the staged severity of neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. There is excellent agreement between the indicator test and the Michigan classification system. These results suggest a role for the indicator test in the assessment of diabetic neuropathy.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece. papanasnikos@yahoo.gr
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Papanas
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giassakis
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Papatheodorou
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Papazoglou
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Monastiriotis
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Christakidis
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Piperidou
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maltezos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009431:Neural Conduction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012880:Skin Pigmentation