title: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1- and 2-mediated gastric mucosal injury and repair in gastric ischemia-reperfusion of rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The current study was undertaken to investigate the time course of gastric ischemia-reperfusion (GI-R)-induced gastric mucosal injury and repair and whether extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) were involved in GI-R-induced gastric mucosal injury and repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gastric mucosal injury induced by ischemia alone was mild. However, the injury worsened after reperfusion, reaching a maximum at 1 h, and was accompanied by increased apoptotic cells and decreased proliferative cells. Then, the gastric mucosal cells began to repair the injury by enhanced proliferation, which peaked at 24 h after reperfusion, and by 72 h the damaged gastric mucosa was mostly repaired. The ERK1/2 (nonactivated ERK1/2) protein expression level and distribution profile showed no significant changes during the entire reperfusion phase, but the p-ERK1/2 (activated ERK1/2) level changed dramatically. The p-ERK1/2 protein level was decreased at 0.5 h after reperfusion began, and then gradually increased, peaking after 3 h of reperfusion; these changes in p-ERK1/2 occurred simultaneously in the cytoplasm and nucleus. On the other hand, inhibition of the activation of ERK1/2, induced by PD98059, a specific ERK1/2 upstream inhibitor, aggravated the gastric mucosal injury, and apoptosis was increased and proliferation was reduced in the gastric mucosal cells after the same duration of reperfusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serious gastric mucosal damage involving apoptotic cells occurred rapidly at an early stage of reperfusion and was closely related to the suppression of ERK1/2 activation. The activated ERK1/2 signaling transduction pathway played an important role. Activated ERK1/2 participated in the regulation of gastric mucosal injury and repair induced by GI-R, and might be mediated by the inhibition of apoptosis and the promotion of proliferation in gastric mucosal cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical College, 84 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Li
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yong-Mei
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jian-Fu
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Guang-Ming
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000502:physiology*; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one