title: Noise in timing and precision of gene activities in a genetic cascade.
abstract: Biological developmental pathways require proper timing of gene expression. We investigated timing variations of defined steps along the lytic cascade of bacteriophage lambda. Gene expression was followed in individual lysogenic cells, after induction with a pulse of UV irradiation. At low UV doses, some cells undergo partial induction and eventually divide, whereas others follow the lytic pathway. The timing of events in cells committed to lysis is independent of the level of activation of the SOS response, suggesting that the lambda network proceeds autonomously after induction. An increased loss of temporal coherence of specific events from prophage induction to lysis is observed, even though the coefficient of variation of timing fluctuations decreases. The observed temporal variations are not due to cell factors uniformly dilating the timing of execution of the cascade. This behavior is reproduced by a simple model composed of independent stages, which for a given mean duration predicts higher temporal precision, when a cascade consists of a large number of steps. Evidence for the independence of regulatory modules in the network is presented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
authors.forename: Amnon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amir
authors.forename: Oren
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kobiler
authors.forename: Assaf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rokney
authors.forename: Amos B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Oppenheim
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stavans
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000166:cytology / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000821:virology; D001433:Bacteriolysis / Q000235:genetics; D010582:Bacteriophage lambda / Q000235:genetics; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005814:Genes, Viral; D013014:SOS Response, Genetics; D049490:Systems Biology; D013997:Time Factors; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays