title: Antibacterial effect of chlorhexidine- containing glass ionomer cement in vivo: a pilot study.
abstract: This in vivo pilot study was carried out to test the antibacterial effect of glass ionomer containing chlorhexidine (test group) in comparison to conventional glass ionomer (control group). Fifty 6- to 11-year-old children with one occlusal lesion in a molar were randomly allocated to test and control groups in a parallel-group design. The cavity walls and one half of the floor were cleaned and restored with one of the materials without dentine conditioning. The restorations were removed after 7 days. Dentine samples were taken from the cleaned (affected dentine) and noncleaned area (infected dentine) at baseline and at day 7. Samples were anaerobically and aerobically cultivated for mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and total viable bacterial count (TVC) following common laboratory procedures. ANCOVA was used to test for treatment effects. Seven days after treatment, a significant decrease in anaerobic and aerobic bacterial counts (p = 0.0001) was shown. Lower numbers of anaerobic lactobacilli (p = 0.02), TVC (p = 0.008) and aerobic lactobacilli and TVC (p = 0.03), but not of mutans streptococci, were indicated in the test group compared to the control group. A significant reduction in aerobic lactobacilli from infected dentine treated with the glass ionomer containing chlorhexidine (p = 0.05) was observed whereas in affected dentine, anaerobic mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and TVC and aerobic TVC and mutans streptococci were significantly lower in the test group 7 days after treatment (p = 0.01). We conclude that the present pilot study revealed lower microorganism counts in chlorhexidine-containing glass ionomers than in conventional glass ionomers for both affected and infected dentine over a 7-day period.
authors.affiliation: WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Health Care Planning and Future Scenarios, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. j.frencken@dent.umcn.nl
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Frencken
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Imazato
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Toi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mickenautsch
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ebisu
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000379:methods*; D003804:Dentin / Q000382:microbiology; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000187:drug effects*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D002710:Chlorhexidine