title: Very high DDT-resistant population of Anopheles pharoensis Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae) from Gorgora, northern Ethiopia.
abstract: Standard WHO insecticide bioassay tests were carried out in Gorgora, northern Ethiopia to evaluate the susceptibility status of Anopheles pharoensis Theobald for the insecticides DDT, malathion, permethrin and deltamethrin. The mortality and when appropriate knockdown effect of the insecticides were observed. The results indicated that this species was resistant to DDT. A high mortality was obtained after exposure to permethrin and deltamethrin but below 97 % which is the limit for susceptibility according to WHO. A prolonged knockdown time was noted for DDT and the two pyrethroids. An. phoaroensis was found to be susceptible to malathion.
authors.affiliation: Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. meshesha_b@yahoo.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balkew
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Elhassen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gebre-Michael
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Engers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000187:drug effects*; D001681:Biological Assay; D003634:DDT / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005002:Ethiopia; D005260:Female; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008294:Malathion / Q000494:pharmacology; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D026023:Permethrin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017180:decamethrin; D026023:Permethrin; D003634:DDT; D008294:Malathion