title: Effect of polymer coating (poly 2-methoxyethylacrylate) of the oxygenator on hemostatic markers during cardiopulmonary bypass in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Heparin and other oxygenator coatings have been used in attempts to reduce hemostatic activation during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). This study evaluated whether an oxygenator coated with poly 2-methoxyethylacrylate (PMEA) (X-coating; Terumo Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) would cause less activation of coagulation and fibrinolytic systems during CPB in children than a noncoated oxygenator.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-affiliated children's hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six patients, 3 months to 5 years old, who underwent congenital heart surgery for repair of a ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, or both.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were divided into 2 age-matched groups based on the type of oxygenator used: a noncoated oxygenator (group NC) versus a PMEA-coated oxygenator (group C).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood samples for coagulation and fibrinolytic markers were compared before, during, and after CPB. Despite increases in thrombin generation markers (F1.2 and TAT) at certain times during CPB in group C compared to group NC, a comparison over all times during CPB were not statistically different between groups. Overall D-dimer concentrations during CPB were elevated in group C compared to group NC (p = 0.02). Active tPA and active PAI-1 were not different between groups during or after CPB. Group C had higher platelet counts (181,000 +/- 29,000) during CPB than group NC (155,000 +/- 57,000, p = 0.04) but not postoperatively. Twelve hours postoperatively, chest tube outputs were 8.8 +/- 3 mL/kg in group C and 19.1 +/- 12 mL/kg in group NC (p = 0.003). The corresponding outputs 24 hours after surgery were 12.4 +/- 3 mL/kg and 24 +/- 11 mL/kg, respectively (p = 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Except for a somewhat higher platelet count during CPB, there was no indication that PMEA coating resulted in less activation of coagulation and fibrinolytic systems. The lower postoperative chest tube output observed after CPB with PMEA-coated oxygenators needs to be studied further.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98105, USA. michael.eisses@seattlechildrens.org
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Eisses
authors.forename: Jeremy M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Geiduschek
authors.forename: Christer
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jonmarker
authors.forename: Gordon A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Wayne L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Chandler
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery; D006487:Hemostasis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010106:Oxygenators; D011108:Polymers; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D011108:Polymers