title: Asking the right question of informal caregivers about patient symptom experiences: multiple proxy perspectives and reducing interrater gap.
abstract: Recent conceptual work on multiple proxy perspectives indicates that clinicians should be more reflective in terms of how they question or prompt informal caregivers to report on patient illness experiences. There are different ways in which therapeutic questions might be posed that can influence perceptual agreement between patients and caregivers. The purpose of this randomized, between-subjects study was to test the hypothesis that "The interrater gap between patient self-assessment and caregiver assessment on patient multidimensional symptom experiences will be reduced when caregivers are prompted to imagine-patient perspective-take." We also tested the hypothesis that "Regardless of the perspective-taking prompt provided to the caregiver, gender will have no impact on patient and caregiver discrepancy scores on patient symptom experiences." This study comprised a convenience sample of 126 dyads consisting of breast and prostate cancer patients, and their informal caregivers. Patients provided self-reports on the abbreviated Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS). Informal caregivers also completed the abbreviated MSAS under one of three randomly assigned instructional set conditions: neutral, imagine-patient perspective-taking, and imagine-self perspective-taking. The imagine-patient prompt was effective in reducing caregiver discrepancy across symptoms and underlying dimensions in comparison to the imagine-self prompt. However, the least discrepancy between patients and caregivers occurred in the neutral condition. The greatest discrepancy by caregivers occurred in imagine-self condition. For the most part, there was no significant interaction effect between caregiver gender and induced perspective-taking across each of the symptoms and underlying frequency, severity, and distress. These results lend support for Pickard and Knight's multiple proxy perspectives model in that different perspective-taking prompts can result in varying levels of perceptual agreement, of which clinicians need to be aware to deliver sensitive patient and family centered care.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing, Medical Oncology/Palliative Medicine, University of Manitoba, and St. Boniface General Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Michelle_Lobchuk@umanitoba.ca
authors.forename: Michelle M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lobchuk
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: McClement
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Daeninck
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shay
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Elands
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000451:nursing*; D017028:Caregivers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009730:Nursing Assessment / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015588:Observer Variation; D009859:Oncology Nursing / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018802:Patient-Centered Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000451:nursing*