title: Antibiotic prophylaxis in clean-contaminated head and neck oncological surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis has significantly reduced wound infection rates in clean-contaminated head and neck surgical procedures but controversy still remains regarding the optimal antibiotic regime.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the efficacy of different antibiotics in head and neck oncological surgery prophylaxis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective, double-blind clinical trial, 189 patients with carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract were randomized to receive amoxicillin-clavulanate or cefazolin intravenously up to 1h before surgery and at 8-h intervals for an additional three doses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An overall wound infection rate of 22% was observed. The infection rate in patients receiving cefazolin was 24% (22/92) vs. 21% (20/97) in those receiving amoxicillin-clavulanate; the difference was not statistically significant. Postoperative overall non-wound infection developed in 12% (22/189) patients; the rate of infection was 9.8% (9/92) in patients receiving cefazolin vs. 13.4% (13/97) in those receiving amoxicillin-clavulanate, without a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Gram-negative bacteria were more often isolated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the dominant species. The risk of postoperative infection was more influenced by the type of surgical procedure than by disease stage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In clean-contaminated head and neck oncologic surgery amoxicillin-clavulanate prophylaxis was at least as efficient as cefazolin. However, when taking into account the fact that beta-lactamase containing strains have recently been spreading, amoxicillin-clavulanate should be the logical first choice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zadar General Hospital, Croatia. neven.skitarelic@zd.htnet.hr
authors.forename: Neven
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Skitarelić
authors.forename: Miro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morović
authors.forename: Darko
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Manestar
mesh_terms: D019980:Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D001991:Bronchitis / Q000382:microbiology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000601:surgery; D002437:Cefazolin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D010610:Pharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000209:etiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000382:microbiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014136:Tracheitis / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D019980:Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; D002437:Cefazolin