title: Clinical relevance of intra-operative sentinel lymph node examination in breast cancer management.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the sensitivity, accuracy, and clinical relevance of intra-operative examination of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer management.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Private anatomical pathology practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred breast cancer patients who underwent axillary sentinel lymph node biopsies for intra-operative assessment between January 2004 and March 2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  Correct identification of metastatic carcinoma in sentinel lymph nodes during intra-operative examination, sparing patient a second surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intra-operative diagnosis of sentinel lymph node biopsies from 300 consecutive patients were compared with the final pathological diagnoses. The final pathology results showed metastatic carcinoma in 74 patients, of whom 63 (85%) were correctly diagnosed during frozen section examination. There was no false-positive case (positive predictive value 100%). The sensitivity for detecting macro- and micro-metastases were 95% and 50%, respectively (P<0.01). The sensitivity for detecting metastases in T1 and T2/above tumours were 72% and 90%, respectively (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intra-operative examination is a reliable and sensitive method for the detection of sentinel lymph node metastasis. Eighty-five percent of the patients with metastatic disease were correctly diagnosed and spared a second operation for axillary dissection. The disadvantage of missing a positive lymph node is by far outweighed by the advantage of a single stage operation in case of a positive diagnosis. The benefit of intra-operative examination was slightly less in patients with smaller tumours.
authors.affiliation: Diagnostix Pathology Laboratories Ltd, Canossa Hospital, 1 Old Peak Road, Hong Kong. kmleung@diagnostix.com.hk
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Gary P S
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Yeoh
authors.forename: John K C
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Polly S Y
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Cheung
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005629:Frozen Sections; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy