title: Facial soft tissue thickness in skeletal type I Japanese children.
abstract: Facial reconstruction techniques used in forensic anthropology require knowledge of the facial soft tissue thickness of each race if facial features are to be reconstructed correctly. If this is inaccurate, so also will be the reconstructed face. Knowledge of differences by age and sex are also required. Therefore, when unknown human skeletal remains are found, the forensic anthropologist investigates for race, sex, and age, and for other variables of relevance. Cephalometric X-ray images of living persons can help to provide this information. They give an approximately 10% enlargement from true size and can demonstrate the relationship between soft and hard tissue. In the present study, facial soft tissue thickness in Japanese children was measured at 12 anthropological points using X-ray cephalometry in order to establish a database for facial soft tissue thickness. This study of both boys and girls, aged from 6 to 18 years, follows a previous study of Japanese female children only, and focuses on facial soft tissue thickness in only one skeletal type. Sex differences in thickness of tissue were found from 12 years of age upwards. The study provides more detailed and accurate measurements than past reports of facial soft tissue thickness, and reveals the uniqueness of the Japanese child's facial profile.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Oral Anatomy, Matsumoto Dental University, Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan. hajimeu@po.mdu.ac.jp <hajimeu@po.mdu.ac.jp>
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Utsuno
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kageyama
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Deguchi
authors.forename: Yasunobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Umemura
authors.forename: Mineo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Hiroo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyazawa
authors.forename: Katsuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D044466:Asian People; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D005145:Face / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D018732:Forensic Anthropology / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D044469:Racial Groups; D012737:Sex Factors