title: Persistent platelet activation is related to very early cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndromes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Persistent platelet function while on antiplatelet therapy affects outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether platelet reactivity measured by collagen-epinephrine (CEPI) or collagen-ADP (CADP) closure times (CT) with Platelet Function Analyzer 100 (PFA-100) is related to very early, in-hospital cardiovascular events in patients with ACS.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 91 patients with ACS undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent implantation who were treated with aspirin and clopidogrel. Patients were stratified in accordance with both CEPI-CT (<190 s or >190 s), reflecting aspirin resistance, and our own cut-off point for CADP-CT measured at a mean of 6 days after admission. In-hospital events included re-infarction, cardiac arrest, recurrent angina, severe arrythmias, pulmonary oedema and cardiogenic shock.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients were divided into 4 study groups: group 1 with CADP-CT <104 s (n=10, 11.0%), group 2 with CEPI-CT <190 s (n=10, 11.0%), group 3 with CADP-CT <104 s and CEPI-CT <190 s (n=9, 9.9%) and a control group with both CT values above the cut-off limits (n=62, 68.1%). The baseline clinical characteristics and received treatment of each subgroup were similar. A test for a trend between controls, group 1 or 2 and group 3 disclosed statistical significance (p <0.001). When analysed separately, only patients from group 3 had a higher incidence of negative outcomes compared to controls (p <0.005; relative risk RR - 9.0; 95% CI 2.4-33.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enhanced platelet function after PCI when measured under high shear rates by both PFA-100 cartridges is independently associated with the most unfavourable in-hospital clinical outcome.
authors.affiliation: I Katedra i Klinika Kardiologii, Akademia Medyczna, ul. Banacha 1a, Warszawa. lamalek@amwaw.edu.pl
authors.forename: Łukasz A
authors.initials: ŁA
authors.lastname: Małek
authors.forename: Mateusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spiewak
authors.forename: Krzysztof J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Filipiak
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grabowski
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szpotańska
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosiak
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Główczyńska
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imiela
authors.forename: Zenon
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huczek
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Opolski
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010979:Platelet Function Tests; D012008:Recurrence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013577:Syndrome; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine; D001241:Aspirin