title: Postoperative recovery: a concept analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper presents a concept analysis of the phenomenon of postoperative recovery.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Each year, millions of patients throughout the world undergo surgical procedures. Although postoperative recovery is commonly used as an outcome of surgery, it is difficult to identify a standard definition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Walker and Avant's concept analysis approach was used. Literature retrieved from MEDLINE and CINAHL databases for English language papers published from 1982 to 2005 was used for the analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The theoretical definition developed points out that postoperative recovery is an energy-requiring process of returning to normality and wholeness. It is defined by comparative standards, achieved by regaining control over physical, psychological, social and habitual functions, and results in a return to preoperative level of independence/dependency in activities of daily living and optimum level of psychological well-being.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The concept of postoperative recovery lacks clarity, both in its meaning in relation to postoperative recovery to healthcare professionals in their care for surgical patients, and in the understanding of what researchers in this area really intend to investigate. The theoretical definition we have developed may be useful but needs to be further explored.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Orebro University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden.
authors.forename: Renée
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Allvin
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Idvall
authors.forename: Ulrica
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Nilsson
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000451:nursing; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011379:Prognosis; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*