title: [Effects of carbon source and nitrogen source on callus growth and flavonoid content in Glycyrrhiza uralensis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of carbon source and nitrogen source on callus growth, and flavonoid content in Glycyrrhiza uralensis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Induction and culture of callus were conducted in the media of different concentrations of sucrose, and fructose and ratio of NH4+/NO3- ,and flavonoid content was measured by HPLC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that fructose was superior to sucrose for callus growth and flavonoid formation, and the optimum concentration was 2%. The flavonoids content was 2 times higher than that of sucrose as carbon sources. In the range of 2% -6% of fructose concentration, the flavonoid content was decreased along with the concentration of fructose, but the licochalcone was increased 5-fold. The highest flavonoid content of 151.47 microg x g(-1) was obtained when the ratio of NH4+/NO3- in the medium was 1/2. NH; inhibited the callus growth and flavonoid formation of G. uralensis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fructose as carbon source was superior to sucrose for callus growth and flavonoid formation, and NO3- was favorable to the callus growth and flavonoids accumulation.
authors.affiliation: College of Chinese Medicinal Material, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China. jlyangs@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Shi-hai
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Xiao-feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: De-an
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Jun-hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D003470:Culture Media / Q000494:pharmacology; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005632:Fructose / Q000494:pharmacology; D029882:Glycyrrhiza uralensis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D009566:Nitrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D017672:Nitrogen Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D013395:Sucrose / Q000494:pharmacology; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D004187:Disaccharides; D005419:Flavonoids; D009566:Nitrates; D017672:Nitrogen Compounds; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D005632:Fructose; D013395:Sucrose