title: Trajectories of adolescent alcohol and cannabis use into young adulthood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Both alcohol and cannabis use carry health risks. Both are commonly initiated in adolescence. To date little research has described trajectories of adolescent cannabis or alcohol use or compared their respective consequences in young adulthood.
  
  
  METHODS
  The design was a 10-year eight-wave cohort study of a state-wide community sample of 1943 Victorians initially aged 14-15 years. Moderate- and high-risk alcohol use was defined according to total weekly alcohol consumption. Moderate- and high-risk cannabis use were defined as weekly and daily use, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Around 90% of young adults used either alcohol or cannabis. Although an association existed between alcohol and cannabis use, there was a tendency for heavy users to use one substance predominantly at any one time. Weekly or more frequent cannabis use in the absence of moderate-risk alcohol use in teenagers predicted a sevenfold higher rate of daily cannabis use in young adults but only a twofold increase in high-risk alcohol use. Conversely, moderate-risk adolescent alcohol use in the absence of weekly cannabis predicted an approximately threefold increased rate of both high-risk drinking and daily cannabis use in young adulthood. Selective heavy cannabis use in both adolescence and young adulthood was associated with greater illicit substance use and poorer social outcomes in young adulthood than selective alcohol use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heavier teenage cannabis users tend to continue selectively with cannabis use. Considering their poor young adult outcomes, regular adolescent cannabis users appear to be on a problematic trajectory.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne. Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: George C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Patton
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coffey
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Lynskey
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: Sheryl
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hemphill
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Carlin
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D014739:Victoria / Q000453:epidemiology