title: RCAN3, a novel calcineurin inhibitor that down-regulates NFAT-dependent cytokine gene expression.
abstract: The regulators of calcineurin (RCAN) proteins, previously known as calcipressins, have been considered to be a well conserved family from yeast to human based on the conservation of their FLISPP motif. Here, after performing a RCAN comparative genomic analysis we propose the existence of a novel functionally closely related RCAN subfamily restricted to vertebrates, the other RCAN proteins being considered only as distantly related members of the family. In addition, while three paralogous RCAN genes are found in vertebrates, there is only one in the other members of Eukarya. Moreover, besides the FLISPP motif, these paralogous genes have two others conserved motifs, the Cn-inhibitor RCAN (CIC) and the PxIxxT, which are restricted to vertebrates. In humans, RCAN1 and RCAN2 bind and inhibit Cn through their C-terminal region. Given the high amino acid identity in this region among human RCANs, authors in the field have hypothesized a role for RCAN3 in inhibiting Cn activity. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that human RCAN3, encoded by the RCAN3 (also known as DSCR1L2) gene, interacts physically and functionally with Cn. This interaction takes place only through the RCAN3 CIC motif. Overexpression of this sequence inhibits Cn activity towards the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcription factors and down-regulates NFAT-dependent cytokine gene expression in activated human Jurkat T cells.
authors.affiliation: Medical and Molecular Genetics Center, Institut de Recerca Oncològica, IDIBELL, Gran Via s/n Km 2.7, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: M Carme
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Mulero
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aubareda
authors.forename: Agatha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schlüter
authors.forename: Mercè
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pérez-Riba
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D019703:Calcineurin / Q000378:metabolism; D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D015536:Down-Regulation; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D011485:Protein Binding; D011506:Proteins / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D016207:Cytokines; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D011506:Proteins; C108612:RCAN1 protein, human; C408372:RCAN3 protein, human; D019703:Calcineurin; D002118:Calcium