title: Effect of ginsenosides on glucose uptake in human Caco-2 cells is mediated through altered Na+/glucose cotransporter 1 expression.
abstract: In this study, we measured the effect of ginsenosides on glucose uptake using the Caco-2 cell system. At submicromolar concentrations, these compounds exhibited marked effects on the rate of glucose transport across the differentiated Caco-2 cell monolayer. Compound K (CK), the main intestinal bacterial metabolite of the protopanaxadiol ginsenosides, significantly enhanced the steady-state glucose transport rate to about 50% of the control sample rate (from 1.54 +/- 0.09 to 2.25 +/- 0.15 nmol/min). Conversely, the protopanaxatriol ginsenoside Rg1 inhibited glucose transport to about 70% of the original rate (from 1.54 +/- 0.09 to 1.02 +/- 0.05 nmol/min). Consistent with the effect on glucose uptake rate, CK and Rg1 conferred a significant and paralleled alteration on both the protein and mRNA expression levels of the Na+/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) gene. Unlike SGLT1, there is no significant alteration on the protein or mRNA levels of GLUTs in CK- or Rg1-treated cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that ginsenosides CK and Rg1 elicited potent enhancing and suppressing effects, respectively, on glucose uptake across human intestinal Caco-2 monolayer through modulation of SGLT1 expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. tcchang@mail.ndmctsgh.edu.tw
authors.forename: Tsu-Chung
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Shu-Fen
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Te-Chun
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Fang-Na
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Hang-Ching
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Wen-Liang
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051269:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D036145:Ginsenosides; D005947:Glucose; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051269:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1; C112772:ginsenoside compound K; C035054:ginsenoside Rg1