title: Application of nutrigenomic concepts to Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: The genetic makeup that individuals inherit from their ancestors is responsible for variation in responses to food and susceptibility to chronic diseases such as Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Common variations in gene sequences, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms, produce differences in complex traits such as height or weight potential, food metabolism, food-gene interactions, and disease susceptibilities. Nutritional genomics, or nutrigenomics, is the study of how foods affect the expression of genetic information in an individual and how an individual's genetic makeup affects the metabolism and response to nutrients and other bioactive components in food. Since both diet and genes alter one's health and susceptibility to disease, identifying genes that are regulated by diet and that cause or contribute to chronic diseases could result in the development of diagnostic tools, individualized intervention, and eventually strategies for maintaining health. Translating this research through clinical studies promises contributions to the development of personalized medicine that includes nutritional as well as drug interventions. Reviewed here are the key nutrigenomic concepts that help explain aspects of the development and complexity of T2DM.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nutrigenomic Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois Chicago, 840 South Wood Street MC 958, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. jkaput@uic.edu <jkaput@uic.edu>
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaput
authors.forename: Janelle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Noble
authors.forename: Betul
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hatipoglu
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kohrs
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: Amelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bartholomew
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D004032:Diet; D004435:Eating / Q000235:genetics*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000235:genetics*; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity