title: Hind limb ischemia-reperfusion in the leptin receptor deficient (db/db) mouse.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetic patients have high incidence of peripheral vascular disease and limb loss after acute extremity injury. Experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that acute tissue injury in leptin receptor deficient (Db) diabetic (type2) mice would be more severe than in non-diabetic mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Db and wild type (Wt) mice were subjected to 3 h of ischemia followed by either 4 or 24 h of reperfusion (3/4 IR, 3/24 IR). Muscle analyzed for tissue viability (mitochondrial activity), cytokines (KC-murine equivalent of human IL-8, TNFalpha, IL-6), growth factor, and histological evaluation (neutrophils/uninjured muscle fibers). Tissue perfusion was detected during basal and reperfusion conditions using laser Doppler imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mitochondrial activity and histological evaluation for tissue injury did not differ in the Db versus Wt mice at the time intervals studied. When compared with their respective sham animals, both Db and Wt mice had similarly increased levels of KC, IL-6, and VEGF after 3/24 IR. TNFalpha levels increased in Db but not Wt mice after IR. Although absolute increases in TNFalpha and KC were higher in Db mice, VEGF levels were actually lower in the Db mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The patterns of tissue perfusion, cytokines, and growth factors were different in Db versus Wt mice. At the acute time intervals studied, these differences did not correlate with an expected greater degree of acute muscle injury in Db mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Fateh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Entabi
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Albadawi
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: Rameses
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sroufe
authors.forename: Mark F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Conrad
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Watkins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000032:analysis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000098:blood supply*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D051379:Mice; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000276:immunology; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000172:deficiency*; D054411:Receptors, Leptin; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; C475895:Cxcl1 protein, mouse; D015850:Interleukin-6; C515448:LEPR protein, human; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D054411:Receptors, Leptin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C515447:leptin receptor, mouse