title: Carbachol induction of REM sleep in the rat is more effective at lights-out than lights-on.
abstract: Long-lasting increases in REM sleep are induced in the rat following injection of small amounts of muscarinic receptor agonists into the caudal oral pontine reticular formation. By injecting carbachol at the beginning of the light period or beginning of the dark period, we sought to determine whether the muscarinic, REM sleep induction is influenced by the time of day it is initiated. We found that carbachol is more effective at increasing REM sleep when administered at the beginning of the dark in 87% of the cases. Of these cases, 43% showed evidence of a decreased potency of carbachol by a shift in the dose-response curve to the right. The lack of agreement in efficacy and potency to increase REM sleep supports a conclusion that alterations in local muscarinic receptors are not mediating the effect of time of day. REM sleep control mechanisms down stream of the muscarinic receptors may be the responsible factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center and Dallas VA, Dallas TX 75216, USA. gerald.marks@utsouthwestern.edu <gerald.marks@utsouthwestern.edu>
authors.forename: Gerald A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: Christian G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Birabil
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018679:Cholinergic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008027:Light; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D018679:Cholinergic Agonists; D002217:Carbachol