title: High cardiovascular fitness is associated with low metabolic risk score in children: the European Youth Heart Study.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to examine the associations of cardiovascular fitness (CVF) with a clustering of metabolic risk factors in children, and to examine whether there is a CVF level associated with a low metabolic risk. CVF was estimated by a maximal ergometer bike test on 873 randomly selected children from Sweden and Estonia. Additional measured outcomes included fasting insulin, glucose, triglycerides, HDLC, blood pressure, and the sum of five skinfolds. A metabolic risk score was computed as the mean of the standardized outcomes scores. A risk score <75th percentile was considered to indicate a low metabolic risk. CVF was negatively associated with clustering of metabolic risk factors in children. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed a significant discriminatory accuracy of CVF in identifying the low/high metabolic risk in girls and boys (p < 0.001). The CVF level for a low metabolic risk was 37.0 and 42.1 mL/kg/min in girls and boys, respectively. These levels are similar to the health-related threshold values of CVF suggested by worldwide recognized organizations. In conclusion, the results suggest a hypothetical CVF level for having a low metabolic risk, which should be further tested in longitudinal and/or intervention studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Unit for Preventive Nutrition, NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 14157, Sweden. ruizj@ugr.es
authors.forename: Jonatan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: Francisco B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.forename: Nico S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.forename: Inga
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Villa
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hurtig-Wennlöf
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Oja
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sjöström
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005060:Europe; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors