title: Dental practice during a world cruise: characterisation of oral health at sea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe oral health of passengers and crew attending the dental service aboard during a two months world cruise.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective, descriptive epidemiologic study design the routine documentation of all dental treatment provided at sea was analysed after the voyage. Subjects were n = 57 passengers (3.5 % of 1619) with a mean age of 71 (+/- 9.8) years and n =56 crew (5.6 % of 999) with a mean age of 37 (+/- 12.0) years. Age, gender, nationality, number of natural teeth and implants were extracted. The prosthetic status was described by recording the number of teeth replaced by fixed prosthesis and number of teeth replaced by removable prosthesis. Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) was measured using the 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) and characterised by the OHIP sum score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women attended for treatment more often than men. Passengers had a mean number of 20 natural teeth plus substantial fixed and removable prosthodontics. Crew had a mean of 26 teeth. British crew and Australian passengers attended the dental service above average. Crew tended to have a higher average OHIP-14 sum score than passengers indicating an increased rate of perceived problems. Emergency patients from both crew and passengers have a higher sum score than patients attending for routine treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In passengers the average number of teeth appears to be higher than that of an age matched population of industrialized countries. However, the passengers' socioeconomic status was higher which has an effect on this finding. Socioeconomic factors also serve to explain the high standard of prosthetic care in passengers. Crew in general present with less sophisticated prosthetic devices. This is in line with their different socioeconomic status and origin from developing countries. The level of dental fees aboard in comparison to treatment costs in home countries may explain some of the differences in attendance. Passengers have enjoyed high standards of prosthetic care in the past and will expect a similarly high standard from ship based facilities. The ease of access to quality dental care may explain the relatively low level of perceived problems as characterised by oral health-related quality of life scores. The dental officer aboard has to be prepared to care for very varied diagnostic and treatment needs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics and Materials Science, University of Leipzig, Nürnberger Str. 57 D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. bernhard.sobotta@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
authors.forename: Bernhard A J
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Sobotta
authors.forename: Mike T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: John
authors.forename: Ina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nitschke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D003813:Dentistry; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009326:Naval Medicine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011998:Recreation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012767:Ships; D014076:Tooth Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control