title: Toll-like receptor-7 tolerizes malignant B cells and enhances killing by cytotoxic agents.
abstract: Chronic activation through Toll-like receptors (TLR) occurs in a number of pathologic settings, but has not been studied to the same extent as primary activation. TLR7, expressed by B cells and some dendritic cells, recognizes molecular patterns associated with viruses that can be mimicked by synthetic imidazoquinolines. In response to primary stimulation with the imidazoquinoline, S28690, human mononuclear cells produced tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but were unable to do so upon restimulation with S28690. This state of "tolerization" lasted at least 5 days. Using chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells as a model to facilitate biochemical analysis, the tolerized state was found to be associated with altered receptor components, including down-regulated expression of TLR7 mRNA and decreased levels of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1. Tolerization was characterized by a transcriptionally regulated block in stress-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappaB activation, with relatively preserved activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Tolerized chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells were found to be more sensitive to cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents, in part through altered stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. This property of the TLR7-tolerized state may potentially be exploited in the treatment of B cell cancers.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Yonghong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Dionne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Liwei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Spaner
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D053592:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011804:Quinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051199:Toll-Like Receptor 7 / Q000819:agonists / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D014750:Vincristine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D011804:Quinolines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C508708:S 28690; C495348:TLR7 protein, human; D051199:Toll-Like Receptor 7; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014750:Vincristine; C507768:IRAK1 protein, human; C507773:IRAK4 protein, human; D053592:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases