title: Multiple environmental monitoring techniques for assessing spatial patterns of airborne tungsten.
abstract: This paper describes the application of the chemistry of total suspended particulates, lichens/mosses, and surface dust for assessing spatial patterns of airborne tungsten and other metals. These techniques were used recently in Fallon, NV, where distinctive spatial patterns of airborne tungsten were demonstrated. However, doubt has been raised about the extent of airborne tungsten in Fallon. Therefore, these techniques were tested specifically for W in another town that has a small industry known to emit tungsten particles. Airborne particulates were collected in Sweet Home, OR, as well as in nearby comparison towns to provide baseline data. Lichens/mosses were collected in Sweet Home near the known source of W as well as outside of Sweet Home. Surface dust was collected throughout Sweet Home to map concentrations of metals. All three of these environmental monitoring techniques confirm that W is elevated right near the known source of airborne W in Sweet Home but no where else in Sweet Home. This test should allay doubts about the multiple findings of elevated airborne W in Fallon, NV, and this should also instill confidence in these techniques generally for assessing W and other metals in urban environments.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research and Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA. sheppard@ltrr.arizona.edu
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Sheppard
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Speakman
authors.forename: Calvin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Farris
authors.forename: Mark L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Witten
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D044002:Bryophyta / Q000737:chemistry*; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008011:Lichens / Q000737:chemistry*; D009922:Oregon; D014414:Tungsten / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D004391:Dust; D014414:Tungsten