title: Borrelia garinii in seabird ticks (Ixodes uriae), Atlantic Coast, North America.
abstract: Borrelia garinii is the most neurotropic of the genospecies of B. burgdorferi sensu lato that cause Lyme disease in Europe, where it is transmitted to avian and mammalian reservoir hosts and to humans by Ixodes ricinus. B. garinii is also maintained in an enzootic cycle in seabirds by I. uriae, a tick found at high latitudes in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. To determine whether B. garinii is present in seabird ticks on the Atlantic Coast of North America, we examined 261 I. uriae ticks by polyclonal antiborrelial fluorescent antibody. Ten of 61 ticks from Gull Island, Newfoundland, were positive for borreliae by this screen. Amplicons of DNA obtained by PCR that targeted the B. garinii rrs-rrla intergenic spacer were sequenced and matched to GenBank sequences for B. garinii. The potential for introduction of this agent into the North American Lyme disease enzootic is unknown.
authors.affiliation: Maine Medical Center Research Institute, South Portland, Maine 04106, USA. smithr@mmc.org
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Sabir Bin
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Muzaffar
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lavers
authors.forename: Eleanor H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Lacombe
authors.forename: Bruce K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Cahill
authors.forename: Charles B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Lubelczyk
authors.forename: Allen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kinsler
authors.forename: Amy J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Mathers
authors.forename: Peter W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Rand
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001717:Birds / Q000469:parasitology*; D015748:Borrelia burgdorferi Group / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D018884:Ixodes / Q000382:microbiology*; D008193:Lyme Disease / Q000382:microbiology*; D008281:Maine; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009523:Newfoundland and Labrador; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; C075526:RNA, ribosomal, 12S