title: Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins IGFBP3, IGFBP4, and IGFBP5 predict endocrine responsiveness in patients with ovarian cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to explore the predictive value of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins (IGFBP) as markers of response in ovarian cancer patients treated with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole.
  
  
  METHODS
  IGFBP mRNA expression in cell lines was measured by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and IGFBP protein expression measured in sections from primary tumors of patients treated with letrozole by semiquantitative immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis showed that IGFBP3 and IGFBP5 were down-regulated and IGFBP4 was up-regulated by 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) in an estrogen receptor (ER)-positive ovarian cancer cell line. Expressions of IGFBP1, IGFBP2, and IGFBP6 were unaffected by E(2). The E(2) modulation of these genes was reversed by tamoxifen. Using ERalpha-specific (propyl pyrazole triol) and ERbeta-specific (diarylpropionitrile) agonists, the gene expression modulations produced by E(2) could be replicated by propyl pyrazole triol but not by diarylpropionitrile. For ovarian cancer patients being treated with letrozole, we tested the predictive value of the IGFBPs in paraffin-fixed sections from their primary tumors by semiquantitative immunohistochemistry. Using serum CA125 as an indicator of progression/response, significant differences in expression levels of IGFBPs were observed between tumors from CA125 responding/stable patients compared with tumors from progressing patients. Mean immunoscores for IGFBP3 and IGFBP5 were significantly lower, and mean expression of IGFBP4 was significantly higher in tumors from patients demonstrating CA125 response or stabilization compared with CA125 progression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that expression levels of certain IGFBP family members in ovarian cancers are estrogen regulated and can, thus, help identify patients who could benefit from endocrine therapy.
authors.affiliation: Edinburgh Cancer Research Center, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Graeme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: MacLeod
authors.forename: Alistair R W
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Smyth
authors.forename: Simon P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Langdon
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018394:CA-125 Antigen / Q000097:blood; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D004958:Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D018974:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 4 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018975:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 5 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000187:drug effects; D000077289:Letrozole; D009570:Nitriles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014230:Triazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018394:CA-125 Antigen; C515497:IGFBP3 protein, human; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D018974:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 4; D018975:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 5; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins; D009570:Nitriles; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D014230:Triazoles; D004958:Estradiol; D000077289:Letrozole