title: "Lumpy jaw" in exotic hoof stock: a histopathologic interpretation with a treatment proposal.
abstract: "Lumpy jaw" of artiodactyls and macropods, although often considered a manifestation of actinomycosis, is actually an osteomyelitis, perhaps commencing with a dental root abscess or trauma to the jaw. Anaerobes may be cultured from the lesions, and vegetable matter may be impacted in them. It is a chronic disease and difficult to treat. Successful treatment may include draining the abscess, cleaning the cavity with saline and antibiotics, flushing with a combination of hydrogen peroxide-sodium hypochlorite and Betadine, and apicoectomy and endodontic filling when active inflammation has subsided.
authors.affiliation: From the Colyer Institute, P.O. Box 26118, San Diego, California 92196-0118, USA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Fagan
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Oosterhuis
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Benirschke
mesh_terms: D000196:Actinomycosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001188:Artiodactyla; D003751:Dental Fistula / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary; D004322:Drainage / Q000662:veterinary; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D005547:Foreign Bodies; D007571:Jaw Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D010482:Periapical Abscess / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D011379:Prognosis; D018987:Salivary Ducts / Q000293:injuries; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents