title: [Research on mechanism of Tougu Xiaotong Granule in preventing and treating knee osteoarthritis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the mechanism of Tougu Xiaotong Granula (TXG) on prevention and treatment of knee osteoarthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 6 groups. Except those in the normal control group, all the rabbits were replicated into knee osteoarthritis model using modified Hulth method. They were administered by gastrogavage once every day respectively with 100 ml of normal saline to the rabbits in the normal group and those in the model group, with 10 g of Zhuanggu Guanjie Pill to those in the control group, and 5 g, 10 g and 20 g of TXG to those in the three TXG tested groups (tested group 1, 2 and 3). The levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) in joint fluid, the blood content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) absorbance as well as the SOD activity in synovia were observed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overexpressions of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha and MMP-3 in joint fluid, increased blood content of NO and MDA were shown in the 8th and 16th week, and decreased SOD activity in synovia was shown in the 16th week of the experiment in all the model rabbits, as compared to those in the normal group, the difference was significant respectively (P < 0.05 or P<0.01). After 8 weeks of treatment, the levels of IL-1, TNF-alpha, MMP-3, NO and MDA in the control group, tested group 2 and 3 were significantly different to those in the model group respectively (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and significant difference was also shown in the comparisons of those indexes between the control group and the tested group 1 vs the tested group 3 (P < 0.05). As for the level of IL-6, significant difference was shown in comparisons of the model group with the control group, tested group 2 and 3 in the 8th and 16th week of the treatment (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), also in comparison of the tested group 3 with the tested group 1 in the 8th week, and in that of the tested group 2 with the control group and the tested group 1 in the 16th week (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TXG could effectively postpone the degeneration of cartilage through effectively inhibiting the biological effects of cytokines, MMP-3 and oxygen free radical.
authors.affiliation: Fujian College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou. liuxianxiang@163.com
authors.forename: Xian-xiang
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xi-hai
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jiang-tao
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D011817:Rabbits; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; C528129:tougu xiaotong; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3