title: Effect of bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 7 on septal chondrocytes in alginate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP)-2 and -7, and serum, on extracellular matrix production by human septal chondrocytes in alginate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human nasal septal chondrocytes were expanded, suspended in alginate, and cultured in BMP-2 or 7, with and without serum. The optimal concentration of each growth factor was determined based on matrix production. Next, the synergistic effects of BMP-2 and -7 at optimal concentrations were determined on separate beads, based on matrix quantity and histology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Matrix content was highest with concentrations of BMP-2 and -7 of 100 ng/ml and 20 ng/ml, respectively, with serum. Adding both BMP-2 and -7, with serum, increased matrix content by factors of 5.1 versus serum-only cultures, 2.7 versus only BMP-2 with serum, and 2.4 versus only BMP-7 with serum. All comparisons were statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BMP-2 and -7 significantly increase production of extracellular matrix by septal chondrocytes suspended in alginate. The presence of serum improves matrix production.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BMP-2 and -7 have great potential for use in cartilage tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Division of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA. dalahicks@yahoo.com <dalahicks@yahoo.com>
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hicks
authors.forename: August B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Sage
authors.forename: Elliot
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shelton
authors.forename: Barbara L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Schumacher
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Sah
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Watson
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates; D001769:Blood; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002452:Cell Count; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D003470:Culture Media; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000032:analysis; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D006801:Humans; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; C525718:BMP2 protein, human; C525819:BMP7 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D003470:Culture Media; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C020341:glucosaminoglycans; D020723:Glucuronic Acid