title: Blood pressure response to isometric exercise in patients with peripheral atherosclerotic disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to compare the circulatory responses to isometric exercise in patients with peripheral atherosclerotic disease (PAD) with healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven patients with diagnosed PAD, a control group of eleven healthy young adults, and a control group of eleven healthy age-matched adults participated. Blood pressure, heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, blood velocity in the brachial artery, acral skin perfusion was continuously recorded and total peripheral resistance calculated before, during and after 2 min of 40% maximum voluntary contraction of the forearm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At rest we found a consistently higher level of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and systolic pressure (SP) in the elderly, both PAD patients and elderly controls, compared with the young controls. We found no significant difference in diastolic blood pressure. Two minutes isometric handgrip exercise induced a similar increase in MAP in all three groups (patients 32.6 (17.9) mm Hg [mean (SD)], young control group 25.3 (8.9) mm Hg, age-matched control group 36.1 (10.6) mm Hg). No significant differences were found in the other measured cardiovascular variables during isometric handgrip. Increased TPR is the main factor contributing to the increase in blood pressure in all three groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study indicates that the pressor response continues to be well regulated with age, also when the cardiovascular system is altered by marked atherosclerosis. The consequence is that both PAD patients and elderly controls reach higher SP values during isometric exercise due to higher SP baseline values.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Diagnosis and Research, Aker University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Espen F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Bakke
authors.forename: Jonny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hisdal
authors.forename: Andries J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Kroese
authors.forename: Jørgen J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.forename: Einar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stranden
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000503:physiopathology; D002302:Cardiac Output; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply; D013599:Systole; D013997:Time Factors; D014655:Vascular Resistance