title: In situ detection of nuclear atypia in Barrett's esophagus by using angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Monitoring of patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE) for dysplasia, currently done by systematic biopsy, can be improved through increasing the proportion of at-risk tissue examined.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Optical biopsy techniques, which do not remove the tissue but interrogate the tissue with light, offer a potential method to improve the monitoring of BE. Frequency-domain angle resolved low-coherence interferometry (fa/LCI) is an optical spectroscopic technique applied through an endoscopic fiber bundle and measures the depth-resolved nuclear morphology of tissue, a key biomarker for identifying dysplasia. The aim of the study was to assess the diagnostic capability of fa/LCI for differentiating healthy and dysplastic tissue in patients with BE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Depth-resolved angular scattering data are acquired by using fa/LCI from tissue excised from 3 patients who had esophagogastrectomy. The data are processed to determine the average nuclear size and density as a function of depth beneath the tissue surface. These data are compared with the pathologic classification of the tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Average of depth-resolved nuclear diameter and nuclear density measurements in tissue samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Upon comparison to pathologic diagnosis, the fa/LCI data results report the nuclear atypia characteristic of dysplasia in the epithelial tissue. Examination of the average nuclear morphology over the superficial 150 mum results in complete separation between healthy columnar and BE dysplastic tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lack of in vivo data; lack of nondysplastic BE data because of limited sample size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In complicated tissue structures, such as BE, depth-resolved nuclear morphology measurements provided an excellent means to identify dysplasia. The preliminary results demonstrate the great potential for the in vivo application of fa/LCI as a targeting mechanism for physical biopsy in patients with BE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Pyhtila
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Chalut
authors.forename: Jeffrey D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Boyer
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Keener
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: D'Amico
authors.forename: Marcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gottfried
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gress
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wax
mesh_terms: D001471:Barrett Esophagus / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D002452:Cell Count; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000473:pathology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D020776:Endoscopes, Gastrointestinal; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D016629:Esophagectomy; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D005743:Gastrectomy; D006801:Humans; D007368:Interferometry / Q000379:methods; D008027:Light; D012720:Severity of Illness Index