title: Nonpharmaceutical influenza mitigation strategies, US communities, 1918-1920 pandemic.
abstract: We studied nonpharmaceutical interventions used to mitigate the second, and most deadly, wave of the 1918-1920 influenza pandemic in the United States. We conclude that several small communities implemented potentially successful attempts at preventing the introduction of influenza.
authors.affiliation: The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. howard@umich.edu
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Markel
authors.forename: Alexandra M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: J Alexander
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: Joseph R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Michalsen
authors.forename: Arnold S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Monto
authors.forename: Cleto
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: DiGiovanni
mesh_terms: D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000266:history* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000254:growth & development*; D011790:Quarantine / Q000266:history / Q000592:standards; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology