title: Bed-wetting in Chinese children: epidemiology and predictive factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence and severity of bed-wetting in 1-18-year-old Chinese children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study of bed-wetting was performed by using 13,515 self-administered questionnaires distributed to the parents of 1-18-year-old Chinese children in Henan province. The prevalence of bed-wetting was determined. The relationship of wetting to age, gender, community characteristics (rural or urban), arousal dysfunction, associated day-time symptoms (frequency, urgency, and incontinence), and family history were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a response rate of 87% (5,978 boys and 5,786 girls). The overall prevalence of bed-wetting was 23.03% in those aged 1-4, 5.66% in those 5-12, and 1.37% in those 13-18. When a logistic regression analysis was applied to determine risk factors for the bed-wetting, a positive relationship was seen with male gender and living in rural areas. Further, living in rural areas, arousal dysfunction, and associated day symptoms were significantly related to more severe bed-wetting. Only 3.64% of the children had undergone professional evaluation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of bed-wetting is significant in Chinese children, but lower than in most western countries, which is likely due to cultural differences. Living in rural areas, having arousal dysfunction, and having associated day-time symptoms may be predicative factors for marked bed-wetting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Urodynamic Centre of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan, China.|Institute of Clinical Medical Research of Henan Universities, Zhengzhou City, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Qing Wei
authors.initials: QW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Urodynamic Centre of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan, China.|Institute of Clinical Medical Research of Henan Universities, Zhengzhou City, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Jian Guo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Dong Kui
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medical Research of Henan Universities, Zhengzhou City, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: The Nursing College of Henan University, Kaifeng City, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Qing Hua
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Urodynamic Centre of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Kui
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Urodynamic Centre of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Ying Yu
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Che
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medical Research of Henan Universities, Zhengzhou City, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Ai Min
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Jin Xing
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D053206:Nocturnal Enuresis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D012737:Sex Factors; D014505:Urban Population