title: Genetic traceability of the geographical origin of typical Italian water buffalo Mozzarella cheese: a preliminary approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To distinguish Italian Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) water buffalo Mozzarella from different producers on a molecular basis in relation to the place of manufacturing within the production district, and to develop a tool for genetic traceability of typical dairy products.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microbial DNA was isolated from Mozzarella's governing liquid to amplify the whole microflora's ribosomal 16S-23S internal transcribed spacers (ITS)-PCR fingerprinting by means of an original primer pair. Phylogenetic distance analyses were performed on the obtained electrophoretic band patterns by maximum parsimony and neighbour-joining tree construction algorithms for discrete binary data, using a conventional bootstrap resampling test. The observed band profiles showed high repeatability and specificity, allowing unambiguous distinction of each sample; phylogenetic analyses yielded the same tree topology with good strength of nodal support. Moreover, a relationship between the genetic distances among samples and the actual geographical ones separating the respective producing dairies was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The genetic diversity of PDO water buffalo Mozzarella's microflora, observed by ITS-PCR fingerprinting, can be exploited to discriminate cheeses from differently located dairies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the increasing importance of food traceability for safety, quality and typicalness issues, the ITS-PCR fingerprinting protocol described here may represent a suitable tool for tracing the geographical origin of Italian Mozzarella.
authors.affiliation: Istituto Sperimentale Italiano 'Lazzaro Spallanzani', Lodi, Italy. ivan.bonizzi@isils.it
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bonizzi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feligini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aleandri
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Enne
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002020:Buffaloes; D002611:Cheese / Q000382:microbiology*; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting / Q000379:methods; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D021901:DNA, Intergenic / Q000032:analysis; D005506:Food Contamination; D005516:Food Microbiology; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D008892:Milk / Q000382:microbiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D021901:DNA, Intergenic