title: Chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells possess multiple unique features of resistance to BCR-ABL targeted therapies.
abstract: The leukemic stem cells in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are well known to be clinically resistant to conventional chemotherapy and may also be relatively resistant to BCR-ABL-targeted drugs. Here we show that the lesser effect of imatinib mesylate (IM) on the 3-week output of cells produced in vitro from lin(-)CD34(+)CD38(-) CML (stem) cells compared with cultures initiated with the CD38(+) subset of lin(-)CD34(+) cells is markedly enhanced (>10-fold) when conditions of reduced growth factor stimulation are used. Quantitative analysis of genes expressed in these different CML subsets revealed a differentiation-associated decrease in IL-3 and G-CSF transcripts, a much more profound decrease in expression of BCR-ABL than predicted by changes in BCR expression, decreasing expression of ABCB1/MDR and ABCG2 and increasing expression of OCT1. p210(BCR-ABL) and kinase activity were also higher in the lin(-)CD34(+)CD38(-) cells and formal evidence that increasing BCR-ABL expression decreases IM sensitivity was obtained from experiments with a cell line model. Nevertheless, within the entire CD34(+) subset of CML cells, BCR-ABL expression was not strongly affected by changes in cell cycle status. Taken together, these results provide the first evidence of multiple mechanisms of innate IM resistance in primitive and quiescent CML cells.
authors.affiliation: Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada. xjiang@bccrc.ca
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gasparetto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Turhan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eaves
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eaves
mesh_terms: D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 / Q000032:analysis; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000378:metabolism; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000032:analysis; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001549:Benzamides; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl / Q000032:analysis / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D007377:Interleukin-3 / Q000032:analysis; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D050811:Octamer Transcription Factor-1 / Q000032:analysis; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D018952:Antigens, CD34; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001549:Benzamides; C082869:CRKL protein; D007377:Interleukin-3; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D050811:Octamer Transcription Factor-1; C494165:POU2F1 protein, human; D010879:Piperazines; D011743:Pyrimidines; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1