title: CTX-M ESBL enzyme in Escherichia coli from urology patients in Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To detect CTX-M phenotype utilizing disc diffusion and MIC testing in Escherichia coli isolated from a tertiary care urology setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty single, non duplicate ESBL producing isolates from a tertiary care urology hospital were evaluated for the presence of CTX-M phenotype. Initially all the urinary isolates were tested for ESBL production. The isolates were identified by using API 20E galleries and screened for ESBL production by combination disc methods. Representative 4 ESBL isolates were sent to Antibiotic Resistance Monitoring and Reference Laboratory (ARMRL), Health Protection Agency, Colindale, London, UK where those were further subjected to MIC testing by agar dilution and E-test strips.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 4 ESBL producing E. coli isolates were characterized to be CTX-M on phenotypic characterization. The overall yield of CTX-M phenotypes was 75%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The emergence of CTX-M from Pakistan is alarming; however, further studies are required to study the epidemiology and genetic characterization of CTX-M types of ESBLs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Sajjad Hussain
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Mirza
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salman
authors.forename: Umar
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Khurshid
authors.forename: M Amin
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Wiqar
mesh_terms: D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D010154:Pakistan; D010641:Phenotype; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000652:urine; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: C055184:beta-lactamase TEM-3; D001618:beta-Lactamases