title: Relationship of common pain conditions in mothers and children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The scientific evidence is conflicting as to whether there is an association between parental and child pain. The goal of this study was to assess whether there is an association between: (1) site-specific pain conditions in mothers and children and (2) the presence of multiple pain conditions in mothers and children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based sample of 2466 children aged 11 to 17 years who were members of a prepaid health were interviewed about the occurrence of common pain conditions-back pain, headache, facial pain, and stomach pain. Their mothers were also interviewed about the presence of pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children were at significantly increased risk of having back pain, headache, and stomach pain if their mothers also reported pain at the same site (index pain). The association between maternal and child back pain and headache remained significant after adjusting for mother and child demographic variables. A dose-response relationship was observed between maternal multiple pain sites (1, 2, 3, or more) and the presence of back pain, headache, and stomach pain in the child after adjusting for the mother having the index pain and other potential confounders. In multivariate analyses, children were at increased risk of having multiple (2 or more) pain conditions if their mothers had pain at multiple sites, with a dose-response relationship evident with increasing number of maternal pain sites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was an association between maternal and child pain in this population-based sample. The presence of multiple pain sites in the mother consistently predicted the presence of site-specific pains and multiple pains in the child. Future research on the association of child and parental pain should include multiple pain sites as both outcome and predictor variables.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Studies, Group Health Cooperative Departments of Oral Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. saunders.k@ghc.org
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Von Korff
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leresche
authors.forename: Lloyd
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mancl
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D018672:Community Health Planning; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D010146:Pain / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D015995:Prevalence