title: Control and estimation of posture during quiet stance depends on multijoint coordination.
abstract: This study tested the hypotheses that all major joints along the longitudinal axis of the body are equally active during quiet standing and that their motions are coordinated to stabilize the spatial positions of the center of mass (CM) and head. Analyses of the effect of joint configuration variance on the stability of the CM and head positions were performed using the uncontrolled manifold (UCM) approach. Subjects stood quietly with arms folded across their chests for three 5-min trials each with and without vision. The UCM analysis revealed that the six joints examined were coordinated such that their combined variance had minimal effect on the CM and head positions. Removing vision led to a structuring of the resulting increased joint variance such that little of the increase affected stability of the CM and head positions. The results reveal a control strategy involving coordinated variations of most major joints to stabilize variables important to postural control during quiet stance.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Physical Therapy, Biomechanics and Movement Science Program, 307 McKinly Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
authors.forename: Wei-Li
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Scholz
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schöner
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jeka
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kiemel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007596:Joints / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D017933:Peripheral Nervous System / Q000502:physiology; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D011434:Proprioception / Q000502:physiology; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000502:physiology