title: Inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity: psychobiological and evolutionary underpinnings of ADHD.
abstract: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a prevalent and disabling disorder that is characterized by inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity, impairment in executive functions, structural and functional abnormalities in frontal-striatal circuitry, associations with particular catecholamine gene variants, and responsiveness to dopaminergic and noradrenergic agents. There is a growing integration of findings from basic and clinical studies, of data from different methods (eg, genetics and imaging), and of empirical data with hypotheses drawn from evolutionary thinking. Here we briefly summarize work on the cognitive-affective neuroscience of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Dan J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fossella
authors.forename: Vivienne A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Russell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005075:Biological Evolution; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D007174:Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000503:physiopathology*