title: Serum zinc level and coronary heart disease events in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Low serum zinc level may predispose nondiabetic subjects to cardiovascular diseases. Our aim was to investigate whether serum zinc level predicts coronary heart disease (CHD) events in subjects with type 2 diabetes
  
  
  METHODS
  The original study population consisted of 1,059 patients with type 2 diabetes, aged 45-64 years. Mean duration of diabetes was 8 years. Serum zinc values were available from 1,050 subjects. CHD mortality and the incidence of nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) were assessed in a 7-year follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the follow-up, 156 patients died from CHD and 254 patients had a fatal or nonfatal MI. Patients with serum zinc concentration < or = 14.1 micromol/l at baseline had a higher risk for death from CHD than patients with serum zinc level > 14.1 micromol/l (20.8 and 12.8%, respectively; P = 0.001) The risks for fatal or nonfatal MI were 30.5 and 22.0%, respectively (P = 0.005). In Cox regression analyses, low serum zinc concentration was significantly associated with CHD mortality (relative risk [RR] 1.7, P = 0.002) and all CHD events (RR 1.37, P = 0.030), even after adjustment for confounding variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients, low serum zinc level was an independent risk factor for CHD events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. minna.soinio@tyks.fi
authors.forename: Minna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soinio
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marniemi
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laakso
authors.forename: Kalevi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pyörälä
authors.forename: Seppo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lehto
authors.forename: Tapani
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rönnemaa
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D015032:Zinc