title: Animal models concerning the role of dopamine in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
abstract: Several models of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been proposed, ranging from administration of neurotoxins to genetically manipulated models. These models are used to gain insight into ADHD as a disorder and assist in the discovery of new therapeutic strategies. However, the information gained from these models differs, depending to a large extent on the validity (or otherwise) of the model. Thus the insights gained from these models with respect to the pathophysiology and aetiology of ADHD remains inconclusive. No animal model resembles the clinical situation of ADHD perfectly but good animal models of ADHD should mimic its characteristics, confirm to an underlying theory of ADHD and ultimately make predictions of future therapies. While the involvement of dopamine (DA) in ADHD has been established, the evaluation of rodent models of ADHD particularly with respect to dopaminergic systems is attempted here. It is concluded that the neonatal 6-hydroxy-dopamine lesioned rat and DA transporter knockout/knockdown mice have the highest degree of validity for ADHD.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Psychoneuroimmunology & Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584EA Utrecht, The Netherlands. m.vanderkooij-2@umcutrecht.nl
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: van der Kooij
authors.forename: Jeffrey C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Glennon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D016627:Oxidopamine; D051381:Rats; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D016627:Oxidopamine; D004298:Dopamine