title: Association of television viewing with fasting and 2-h postchallenge plasma glucose levels in adults without diagnosed diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the associations of television viewing time with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-h postchallenge plasma glucose (2-h PG) levels in Australian adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 8,357 adults aged > 35 years who were free from diagnosed diabetes and who attended a population-based cross-sectional study (Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study [AusDiab]) were evaluated. Measures of FPG and 2-h PG were obtained from an oral glucose tolerance test. Self-reported television viewing time (in the previous week) was assessed using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) of insulin sensitivity (HOMA-%S) and beta-cell function (HOMA-%B) were calculated based on fasting glucose and insulin concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment for confounders and physical activity time, time spent watching television in women was positively associated with 2-h PG, log fasting insulin, and log HOMA-%B and inversely associated with log HOMA-%S (P < 0.05) but not with FPG. No significant associations were observed with glycemic measures in men. The beta-coefficients across categories of average hours spent watching television per day (< 1.0, 1.0-1.9, 2.0-2.9, 3.0-3.9, and > or = 4.0) for 2-h PG in women were 0 (reference), 0.009, 0.047, 0.473, and 0.501, respectively (P for trend = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings highlight the unique deleterious relationship of sedentary behavior (indicated by television viewing time) and glycemic measures independent of physical activity time and adiposity status. These relationships differed according to sex and type of glucose measurement, with the 2-h PG measure being more strongly associated with television viewing. The findings suggest an important role for reducing sedentary behavior in the prevention of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, especially in women.
authors.affiliation: International Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia. ddunstan@idi.org.au
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Dunstan
authors.forename: Jo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salmon
authors.forename: Genevieve N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Healy
authors.forename: Jonathan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jolley
authors.forename: Paul Z
authors.initials: PZ
authors.lastname: Zimmet
authors.forename: Neville
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Owen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001315:Australia; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006686:Hobbies; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D013690:Television
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin