title: Lactobaciilus casei ssp. rhamnosus enhances non specific protection against Plasmodium chabaudi AS in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the capacity of Lactobacillus casei ssp. rhamnosus to enhance resistance against Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS.
  
  
  METHODS
  NIH mice were IP injected with viable lactobacillus casei seven days (LC1 group) or 7 and 14 days (LC2 group) before the challenge (day 0) with Plasmodium chabaudi parasitized red blood cells (pRBC). Control mice were inoculated with pRBC only. When parasitaemia was resolved, naive mice were injected with spleen cells from each group. The parasitaemia was measured. Nitric oxide (NO*) in serum was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mice from the LC1 group presented a reduction in parasitaemia, with a prepatent period of five days, parasitaemia lasted 11 days, and the peak was (36.3 % pRBC) on the 12th day post-infection. Mice from the LC2 group showed a prepatent period of five days, parasitaemia lasted eight days, and the peak (30 % pRBC) was of on the 11th day. In the control, the prepatent period was three days, the parasitaemia lasted 15 days, and the peak (51% pRBC) was on day nine. Mice inoculated with spleen cells from the LC2 group showed a prepatent period of 21 days, parasitaemia lasted seven days, and the peak (13.5% pRBC) was on the 26th day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  L. casei enhanced nonspecific resistance to P. chabaudi, as indicated by longer prepatent periods, reduced parasitaemia, and reduction in the viability of the parasites recovered from the spleen of infected mice, along with high concentrations of NO* in serum.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Parasitología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. f_mar07@yahoo.com.mx
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martínez-Gómez
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ixta-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Blanca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aguilar-Figueroa
authors.forename: Ranulfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hernández-Cruz
authors.forename: Amalia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Monroy-Ostria
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000469:parasitology; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007780:Lacticaseibacillus casei / Q000276:immunology*; D008288:Malaria / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood; D018512:Parasitemia / Q000175:diagnosis; D016788:Plasmodium chabaudi / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019936:Probiotics; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide