title: Carbon inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor- and fibroblast growth factor-promoted angiogenesis.
abstract: Angiogenesis is important for normal growth and wound healing processes. An imbalance of the growth factors involved in this process, however, causes the acceleration of several diseases including malignant, ocular, and inflammatory diseases. Inhibiting angiogenesis through interfering with its pathway is a promising methodology to hinder the progression of these diseases. Herein, we studied the anti-angiogenic effects of various carbon materials such as graphite, multiwalled carbon nanotubes and fullerenes in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2)-induced angiogenesis evaluated in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. All the carbon materials tested showed substantial anti-angiogenic activity against either FGF2- or VEGF-induced angiogenesis in the CAM model. Those carbon materials did not have any significant effects on basal angiogenesis in the absence of the added growth factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
authors.forename: Saravanababu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murugesan
authors.forename: Shaker A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mousa
authors.forename: Laura J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: O'connor
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Lincoln
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Linhardt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002244:Carbon / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002642:Chick Embryo; D049033:Chorioallantoic Membrane; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D037741:Fullerenes; D006108:Graphite; D023421:Models, Animal; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D037741:Fullerenes; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D002244:Carbon; D006108:Graphite