title: Adenoviruses associated with acute gastroenteritis in hospitalized and community children up to 5 years old in Rio de Janeiro and Salvador, Brazil.
abstract: Acute gastroenteritis is a major source of morbidity and mortality among young children in developed and developing countries. Human adenoviruses (HAdVs), and in particular species F, are related to childhood diarrhoea worldwide. This study presents the results obtained during an investigation of HAdVs causing acute gastroenteritis in children hospitalized in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, from April 1996 to September 2003, as well as in children with diarrhoea living in the slums of Salvador, BA, Brazil, from October 2001 to September 2003. A total of 3060 stool samples was analysed by an enzyme immunoassay for rotavirus and adenovirus (EIARA) and 61 (2%) were found to be positive. HAdV presented with low prevalence throughout the year, with a slight but not significant increase in incidence in late summer and early autumn. Children up to 2 years of age were the most frequently affected (79% of all positive samples). All positive samples were analysed further by generic and species-specific HAdV PCR protocols, confirming 100% specificity of this rapid and inexpensive EIARA. Species F was the most prevalent (65%), despite the occurrence of species A (12%), C, D and co-infection F/D (5% each) and species B and co-infections F/A, F/C and B/D (2% each). In order to type the species F strains as HAdV-40 or -41, generic PCR and a HinfI restriction digest were performed. HAdV-40 and -41 were found to represent 62% (23/37) and 38% (14/37), respectively. These results demonstrated that a combination of generic and species-specific PCRs is useful and reliable for HAdV species and type identification directly from faecal specimens. The results confirmed the endemism of human adenoviruses, mainly species F, in children as aetiological agents of diarrhoea, although the limited sensitivity of EIARA as a screening method may have underestimated their prevalence.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365 - Pavilhão Cardoso Fontes, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21045-900, Brazil.|Subdivisão de Pesquisa, Instituto de Biologia do Exército, Rua Francisco Manuel 102, Benfica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20911-270, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edson Pereira
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Filho
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365 - Pavilhão Cardoso Fontes, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21045-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nieli R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: da Costa Faria
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365 - Pavilhão Cardoso Fontes, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21045-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fialho
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365 - Pavilhão Cardoso Fontes, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21045-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosane S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: de Assis
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365 - Pavilhão Cardoso Fontes, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21045-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marilda Maria S
authors.initials: MMS
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: Setor de Pediatria, Hospital Municipal Jesus, Rua Oito de Dezembro 717, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20550-200, Brazil.
authors.forename: Myrna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: Setor de Pediatria, Hospital Municipal Salles Neto, Praça Condessa Paulo de Frontin 52, Rio Comprido, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20260-010, Brazil.
authors.forename: Márcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galvão
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365 - Pavilhão Cardoso Fontes, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21045-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávia B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Padre Feijó 29, Canela, Salvador, BA, CEP 40110-170, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maurício L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Barreto
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365 - Pavilhão Cardoso Fontes, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21045-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Paulo G
authors.initials: JPG
authors.lastname: Leite
mesh_terms: D000258:Adenovirus Infections, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D015995:Prevalence; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D004279:DNA, Viral