Precision, signal-to-noise ratio, and dose optimization of magnitude and phase arterial input functions in dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI.
OBJECTIVE
To determine optimal conditions for precise measurement of arterial input function (AIFs) in dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion MRI.


METHODS
Magnitude-based (DeltaR(2)*) and phase-based (Deltaphi) AIFs were numerically simulated for several doses and baseline MRI noise levels [SNR(I(0))]. Random noise (1000 realizations) was added to real/imaginary MRI signals (derived from an internal carotid AIF), and AIF signal, noise, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were determined. The optimal dose was defined as the dose that maximizes mean AIF SNR over the first-pass (SNR(mean)), rather than SNR at the AIF peak (SNR(peak)) because, compared to SNR(peak), doses predicted by SNR(mean) reduced the AIF-induced variability in cerebral blood flow (CBF) by 24% to 40%.


RESULTS
The AIF SNR is most influenced by choice of AIF signal, then optimal dosing, each with little penalty. Compared to DeltaR(2)*, Deltaphi signal has 4 to 80 times the SNR over all doses and time points, and approximately 10-fold SNR(mean) at respective optimal doses. Optimal doses induce 85% to 90% signal drop for the DeltaR(2)* method, and 70% to 75% for Deltaphi, with two-fold dose errors causing approximately 1.7-fold loss in SNR(mean). Increases in SNR(I(0)) proportionally increase AIF SNR, but at a cost.


CONCLUSIONS
AIF SNR is affected most by signal type, then dosing, and lastly, SNR(I(0)).
Kotys
Melanie S
MS
Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
Akbudak
Erbil
E
Markham
Joanne
J
Conturo
Thomas E
TE
D000328:Adult; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000473:pathology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013997:Time Factors
D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C112666:gadoversetamide