title: Structure and function of bacterial kid-kis and related toxin-antitoxin systems.
abstract: Toxin-antitoxin systems were discovered as plasmid auxiliary maintenance cassettes. In recent years, an increasing amount of structural and functional information has become available about the proteins involved, allowing the understanding of bacterial cell growth inhibition by the toxins on a molecular level. A well-studied TA system is formed by the proteins Kid and Kis, encoded by the parD operon of the Escherichia coli plasmid R1. The toxicity of Kid has been related to its endoribonuclease activity, which is counteracted by binding of the antitoxin Kis at the proposed active site. In this review, the structural studies on the Kid-Kis system are compared to those of three related toxin-antitoxin systems: MazF-MazE, CcdB-CcdA and RelE-RelB.
authors.affiliation: Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of NMR Spectroscopy, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Monique B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Kamphuis
authors.forename: Maria Chiara
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Monti
authors.forename: Robert H H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: van den Heuvel
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: López-Villarejo
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Díaz-Orejas
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boelens
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000992:Antitoxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008024:Ligands; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011815:R Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000992:Antitoxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C068353:Kid protein, Bacteria; C068354:Kis protein, Bacteria; D008024:Ligands; D012313:RNA