title: Characterization of the potency, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic profile for six adenosine A2A receptor antagonists.
abstract: Antagonists of adenosine A2A receptors (A2A -antagonists) with different chemical structures have been developed by several pharmaceutical companies for the potential treatment of Parkinson's disease. Pharmacological characterization of these antagonists was incomplete, and different assay conditions were used in different labs. Therefore, we characterized the potencies, selectivities, and pharmacokinetic profiles of six prototypical A2A -antagonists. Displacements of [3H]MSX-2 and of [3H]CGS21680 binding to the human cloned and rat A2A receptors were performed. The rank order of potency of antagonists to displace [(3)H]MSX-2 binding to the human A2A was SCH58261 > or = Biogen-34 > or = Ver-6623 > or = MSX-2 > KW-6002 > > DMPX. For the rat striatal A2A, the order of potency was Biogen-34 > or = SCH58261 > or = Ver-6623 > or = MSX-2 > or = KW-6002 > > DMPX. SCH58261 was the most potent antagonist of the human A2A with a K(i) value of 4 nM, whereas Biogen-34 was the most potent antagonist of the rat A2A with a K(i) value of 1.2 nM. Similar results were obtained from cAMP assays. Selectivities of A2A-antagonists were determined using radioligands [3H]DPCPX, [3H]ZM241385, and [125I]-AB-MECA for A1, A2B, and A3 receptors, respectively. KW-6002 and Biogen-34 exhibited the highest selectivity for A2A vs A1 (human and rat), respectively. The pharmacokinetic profiles of antagonists were evaluated in vivo in rats. DMPX and KW-6002 had the greatest oral bioavailability. In contrast, SCH58261, MSX-2, and Ver-6623 had low or poor oral bioavailability. In summary, SCH58261, Biogen-34, MSX-2, and Ver-6623 had high affinities for both human and rat A2A receptors, with reasonable selectivity for A2A over A1 and A2B receptors. They are suitable as A2A -antagonists for in vitro pharmacological studies. Among the six A2A-antagonists, KW-6002 is the best for use in in vivo animal studies, particularly for a CNS target, based on its bioavailability, half life, and brain penetration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, CV Therapeutics, Inc., Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. ming.yang@cvt.com
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Soohoo
authors.forename: Sandriyana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soelaiman
authors.forename: Rao
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kalla
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zablocki
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Kwan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Diamond
authors.forename: Luiz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Belardinelli
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Shryock
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D058917:Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists; D058918:Adenosine A3 Receptor Antagonists; D000818:Animals; D001667:Binding, Competitive / Q000187:drug effects; D001682:Biological Availability; D002460:Cell Line; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D015394:Molecular Structure; D016716:PC12 Cells; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D011687:Purines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A / Q000235:genetics; D043684:Receptor, Adenosine A3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013805:Theobromine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D014227:Triazines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D014230:Triazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D014970:Xanthines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C113601:3-(3-hydroxypropyl)-8-(3-methoxystyryl)-7-methyl-1-propargylxanthine; C098657:5-amino-7-(2-phenylethyl)-2-(2-furyl)pyrazolo(4,3-e)-1,2,4-triazolo(1,5-c)pyrimidine; D058917:Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists; D058918:Adenosine A3 Receptor Antagonists; C521775:Biogen-34; D010627:Phenethylamines; D011687:Purines; D011743:Pyrimidines; D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A; D043684:Receptor, Adenosine A3; D014227:Triazines; D014230:Triazoles; C481343:VER6623; D014970:Xanthines; C061282:2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine; C111599:istradefylline; C057837:3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine; C089722:N(6)-(4-amino-3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D000241:Adenosine; D013805:Theobromine