title: Highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza: entry pathways into North America via bird migration.
abstract: Given the possibility of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza arriving in North America and monitoring programs that have been established to detect and track it, we review intercontinental movements of birds. We divided 157 bird species showing regular intercontinental movements into four groups based on patterns of movement-one of these groups (breed Holarctic, winter Eurasia) fits well with the design of the monitoring programs (i.e., western Alaska), but the other groups have quite different movement patterns, which would suggest the importance of H5N1 monitoring along the Pacific, Atlantic, and Gulf coasts of North America.
authors.affiliation: Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America. town@ku.edu
authors.forename: A Townsend
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Brett W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Benz
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Papeş
mesh_terms: D025041:Animal Migration; D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology; D001110:Arctic Regions; D001208:Asia; D001717:Birds / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology*; D003132:Commerce; D005060:Europe; D005426:Flight, Animal; D016679:Genome, Viral; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D009656:North America; D011200:Poultry / Q000821:virology; D012621:Seasons; D013045:Species Specificity