title: No association between HIV disease and its treatment and thyroid function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of the study were (i) to investigate the prevalence of overt and subclinical thyroid disease in HIV-positive patients in a London teaching hospital; (ii) to determine risk factors associated with the development of thyroid dysfunction, including highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and individual antivirals, and (iii) to determine the occurrence of thyroid dysfunction longitudinally over 3 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study consisted of retrospective analyses of thyroid function tests (TFT) in HIV-positive patients. The period prevalence of and factors associated with clinical and subclinical thyroid dysfunction were investigated. Patients with normal TFT but previous thyroid disease were identified from pharmacy records and included in the overt category.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1565 patients (73% of the clinic population) had at least one TFT taken since 2001. Overall, 3584 samples were analysed. Of the patients included in the study, 1233 (79%) were male, 1043 (66%) were white and 365 (23%) were black African, and in 969 (62%) the main risk for HIV was homosexual sex. Median age at baseline was 37 years. Nine hundred patients (58%) were on HAART at the start of the study. Thirty-nine (2.5%) were found to have overt hypothyroidism, and eight (<1%) had overt hyperthyroidism. Sixty-one (4%) had subclinical hypothyroidism, five (<1%) had subclinical hyperthyroidism and 263 (17%) had a nonthyroidal illness. A normal TFT was obtained for 1118 patients (75.5%). Multivariate analysis suggested that no independent variables were significantly associated with overt hypothyroidism, including HAART and stavudine use specifically. Repeated measurements over 3 years were available for 825 patients and only eight new cases (1%) of overt thyroid disease occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of overt thyroid disease was low in this cohort, suggesting that screening is not warranted.
authors.affiliation: Royal Free Centre for HIV Medicine and Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Royal Free and UC Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, UK. s.madge@pcps.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Madge
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Lampe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Youle
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vanderpump
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013960:Thyroid Function Tests; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents