title: Analysis of the effects diclofenac has on Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) using real-time PCR.
abstract: The expression levels of cytochrome P450 1A, p53 and vitellogenin were investigated in three different tissues of male medaka fish after exposure to diclofenac that is one of the main concerns among pharmaceuticals frequently found in sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents. The results showed that cytochrome P450 1A, p53 and vitellogenin were highly expressed in tissue-specific gene expression patterns after exposure to 8 mg/l and 1 microg/l of diclofenac. These elevated expression levels of three biomarkers suggested that diclofenac has potential to cause cellular toxicity, p53-related genotoxicity and estrogenic effects. It is also noteworthy that diclofenac has the potential to cause these effects even at an environmentally relevant concentration of diclofenac, 1 microg/l.
authors.affiliation: National Research Laboratory on Environmental Biotechnology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Han Na
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Han Na
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyeong Seo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sung-Kyu
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Man Bock
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000633:toxicity*; D015415:Biomarkers; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics; D017931:DNA Primers; D004260:DNA Repair; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000633:toxicity*; D004527:Egg Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016158:Genes, p53 / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D015335:Molecular Probes; D009990:Oryzias / Q000502:physiology*; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014819:Vitellogenins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D015415:Biomarkers; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004527:Egg Proteins; D015335:Molecular Probes; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S; D014819:Vitellogenins; D004008:Diclofenac; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System