title: A ubiquitin ligase transfers preformed polyubiquitin chains from a conjugating enzyme to a substrate.
abstract: In eukaryotic cells, many short-lived proteins are conjugated with Lys 48-linked ubiquitin chains and degraded by the proteasome. Ubiquitination requires an activating enzyme (E1), a conjugating enzyme (E2) and a ligase (E3). Most ubiquitin ligases use either a HECT (homologous to E6-associated protein C terminus) or a RING (really interesting new gene) domain to catalyse polyubiquitination, but the mechanism of E3 catalysis is poorly defined. Here we dissect this process using mouse Ube2g2 (E2; identical at the amino acid level to human Ube2g2) and human gp78 (E3), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated conjugating system essential for the degradation of misfolded ER proteins. We demonstrate by expressing recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli that Ube2g2/gp78-mediated polyubiquitination involves preassembly of Lys 48-linked ubiquitin chains at the catalytic cysteine of Ube2g2. The growth of Ube2g2-anchored ubiquitin chains seems to be mediated by an aminolysis-based transfer reaction between two Ube2g2 molecules that each carries a ubiquitin moiety in its active site. Intriguingly, polyubiquitination of a substrate can be achieved by transferring preassembled ubiquitin chains from Ube2g2 to a lysine residue in a substrate.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Daqi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Axel T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Brunger
authors.forename: Yihong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ye
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002384:Catalysis; D006801:Humans; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D025821:Polyubiquitin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D060285:Receptors, Autocrine Motility Factor; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine / Q000378:metabolism*; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D044763:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018121:Receptors, Cytokine; D025821:Polyubiquitin; C518699:UBE2G2 protein, mouse; D044763:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes; C555000:AMFR protein, human; C555002:Amfr protein, mouse; D060285:Receptors, Autocrine Motility Factor; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D008239:Lysine