title: Adrenomedullin reduces vascular hyperpermeability and improves survival in rat septic shock.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Current therapies of sepsis and septic shock require administration of a large volume of fluid to maintain hemodynamic stability. The vasoregulatory peptide adrenomedullin has been shown to prevent the transition to the fatal hypocirculatory septic state by poorly understood mechanisms. We tested the hypothesis that therapeutic administration of adrenomedullin would reduce vascular hyperpermeability, thereby contributing to improved hemodynamics and survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective randomized controlled animal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats (270 g).
  
  
  METHODS
  We used 4.8 x 10(3) U/kg of Staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin, a pore-forming exotoxin, to induce vascular leakage and circulatory shock in rats. The infusion rate was 24 microg/kg per hour. Adrenomedullin was started 1 h after alpha-toxin administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infusion of alpha-toxin in rats induced cardiocirculatory failure resulting in a 6-h mortality of 53%. alpha-Toxin provoked massive vascular hyperpermeability, which was indicated by an enrichment of Evans blue dye albumin in the tissues of lung, liver, ileum and kidney. Plasma fluid loss led to a significant hemoconcentration. Hemodynamic impairment observed after alpha-toxin infusion was closely correlated to vascular hyperpermeability. Therapeutic administration of 24 microg/kg per hour adrenomedullin reduced 6-h mortality from 53% to 7%. Stabilization of the endothelial barrier by adrenomedullin was indicated by reduced extravasation of albumin and plasma fluid and may have contributed to hemodynamic improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that adrenomedullin-related reduction of vascular hyperpermeability might represent a novel and important mechanism contributing to the beneficial effects of this endogenous vasoregulatory peptide in sepsis and septic shock.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Temmesfeld-Wollbrück
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brell
authors.forename: István
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dávid
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dorenberg
authors.forename: Jörn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Adolphs
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schmeck
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suttorp
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hippenstiel
mesh_terms: D053607:Adrenomedullin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D053607:Adrenomedullin; D010738:Type C Phospholipases