title: Somatostatinergic modulation of firing pattern and calcium-activated potassium currents in medium spiny neostriatal neurons.
abstract: Somatostatin is synthesized and released by aspiny GABAergic interneurons of the neostriatum, some of them identified as low threshold spike generating neurons (LTS-interneurons). These neurons make synaptic contacts with spiny neostriatal projection neurons. However, very few somatostatin actions on projection neurons have been described. The present work reports that somatostatin modulates the Ca(2+) activated K(+) currents (K(Ca) currents) expressed by projection cells. These actions contribute in designing the firing pattern of the spiny projection neuron; which is the output of the neostriatum. Small conductance (SK) and large conductance (BK) K(Ca) currents represent between 30% and 50% of the sustained outward current in spiny cells. Somatostatin reduces SK-type K(+) currents and at the same time enhances BK-type K(+) currents. This dual effect enhances the fast component of the after hyperpolarizing potential while reducing the slow component. Somatostatin then modifies the firing pattern of spiny neurons which changed from a tonic regular pattern to an interrupted "stuttering"-like pattern. Semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tissue expression analysis of dorsal striatal somatostatinergic receptors (SSTR) mRNA revealed that all five SSTR mRNAs are present. However, single cell RT-PCR profiling suggests that the most probable receptor in charge of this modulation is the SSTR2 receptor. Interestingly, aspiny interneurons may exhibit a "stuttering"-like firing pattern. Therefore, somatostatin actions appear to be the entrainment of projection neurons to the rhythms generated by some interneurons. Somatostatin is then capable of modifying the processing and output of the neostriatum.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biofísica, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, PO Box 70-253, México City, DF 04510, Mexico. egalarra@ifc.unam.mx
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Galarraga
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vilchis
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tkatch
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Salgado
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tecuapetla
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Perez-Rosello
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Perez-Garci
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hernandez-Echeagaray
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Surmeier
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bargas
mesh_terms: D015761:4-Aminopyridine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001030:Apamin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000494:pharmacology; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000166:cytology*; D049229:Dendritic Spines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques / Q000379:methods; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D024681:Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D024681:Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin; D001030:Apamin; D013779:Tetrodotoxin; D013004:Somatostatin; C037553:katacalcin; D002116:Calcitonin; D015761:4-Aminopyridine