title: Effects of stroke severity and training duration on locomotor recovery after stroke: a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Locomotor training using partial body weight-supported treadmill (BWST) walking has been widely investigated for people after stroke, yet there remains a lack of evidence concerning the optimal training duration and the effect of locomotor impairment severity. Previous protocols have not emphasized the transfer of locomotor skills from the BWST environment to overground.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the feasibility of a program combining locomotor training using BWST with task-specific overground training and to obtain pilot data on the effects of severity and training duration on recovery of locomotion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven adults with chronic poststroke hemiparesis and gait speed less than 0.8 m/s were recruited to participate in a 12-week (36 session) locomotor training program. Each session comprised 20 to 30 minutes of training using BWST with manual assistance, followed by 10 to 15 minutes of overground training to transfer the skills trained in the BWST environment. Gait speed was the primary outcome measure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six out of the 7 enrolled individuals completed the intervention program; 1 was withdrawn due to transportation difficulties affecting compliance with the training schedule. Four of the 6 participants had a functionally significant improvement in walking speed after 36 sessions, defined as having achieved a 0.4 m/s gait speed or greater for those with initial severe gait speed impairment (<0.4 m/s) or as having achieved a 0.8 m/s gait speed or greater for persons with initial moderate gait speed impairment (>or=0.4 m/s and <0.8 m/s). All participants improved in balance and distance walked over 6 minutes, and 5 of the 6 participants showed increases in their daily home and community step activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A locomotor training program combining walking using BWST and manual assistance with overground practice is feasible for people with chronic poststroke hemiparesis and moderate or severe gait speed impairment. This intervention shows promise for achieving functionally significant improvements in walking speed.
authors.affiliation: University of Florida, Brooks Center for Rehabilitation Studies, Jacksonville, FL, USA. pdamato@ucla.edu
authors.forename: Prudence
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Plummer
authors.forename: Andrea L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Behrman
authors.forename: Pamela W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: Pam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Spigel
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Saracino
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thigpen
authors.forename: Steve A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kautz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D010291:Paresis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D010807:Physical Endurance; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D010865:Pilot Projects; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D016138:Walking