title: Aspirin reduces cutaneous flushing after administration of an optimized extended-release niacin formulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Niacin is an effective treatment for dyslipidemia due to its favorable effects on multiple lipid parameters. Clinical utility of niacin is sometimes limited, however, because of cutaneous flushing. A once-daily, extended-release (ER) niacin formulation has been shown to significantly reduce flushing compared to immediate-release niacin. An optimized (reformulated) version of niacin ER has recently been developed and was shown in a previous study to significantly reduce flushing intensity (severity) compared to the non-optimized (commercial) formulation. The current study was designed to evaluate the effect of aspirin on various indices of flushing when administered with the optimized niacin ER formulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled flush provocation crossover study in healthy males. To increase the probability of flushing, subjects received a single dose of reformulated niacin ER 2,000 mg, which is the upper limit of the approved dosage range. Subjects received 650 mg aspirin orally either 30 minutes before or concomitantly with niacin ER, or placebo with niacin ER, in 3-way crossover fashion. The primary endpoint was the number of subjects who reported at least one flushing event. Secondary endpoints included the perceived intensity and duration of flushing symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 148 men who completed all treatments, aspirin significantly reduced flushing incidence (the primary endpoint) following administration of niacin ER compared with placebo. Among subjects receiving placebo, 77% of subjects reported flushing with niacin ER. Among subjects receiving aspirin, 53-61% of subjects reported flushing (pretreatment and concomitant treatment, respectively, both p < 0.001 compared with placebo) with niacin ER. Aspirin also significantly reduced intensity and duration of flushing (by 30-40%) compared with no aspirin. The two aspirin-containing treatments (i.e. pre- or concomitant treatment) were similar in their effects on flushing incidence, intensity and duration. Median intensity on a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS) was reduced from 33 mm with placebo to 19-23 mm with aspirin. Median duration was reduced from approximately 1 hour with placebo to 37-48 minutes with aspirin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aspirin significantly reduced the incidence, intensity and duration of flushing associated with reformulated niacin ER. These results support the administration of aspirin prophylactically to decrease niacin-induced cutaneous flushing and to improve patient adherence and acceptability of chronic niacin treatment at therapeutic doses.
authors.affiliation: Kos Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cranbury, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Cefali
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Stanek
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: McGovern
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kissling
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005483:Flushing / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D009525:Niacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D009525:Niacin; D001241:Aspirin