title: Cost-effectiveness of aortic valve replacement in the elderly: an introductory study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  With increased life expectancy and improved technology, valve replacement is being offered to increasing numbers of elderly patients with satisfactory clinical results. By using standard econometric techniques, we estimated the relative cost-effectiveness of aortic valve replacement by drawing on a large prospective database at our institution. By using aortic valve replacement as an example, this introductory report paves the way to more definitive studies of these issues in the future.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1961 to 2003, 4617 adult patients underwent aortic valve replacement at our service. These patients were provided with a prospective lifetime follow-up. As of 2005, these patients had accumulated 31,671 patient-years of follow-up (maximum 41 years) and had returned 22,396 yearly questionnaires. A statistical model was used to estimate the future life years of patients who are currently alive. In the absence of direct estimates of utility, quality-adjusted life years were estimated from New York Heart Association class. The cost-effectiveness ratio was calculated by the patient's age at surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall cost-effectiveness ratio was approximately 13,528 dollars per quality-adjusted life year gained. The cost-effectiveness ratio increased according to age at surgery, up to 19,826 dollars per quality-adjusted life year for octogenarians and 27,182 dollars per quality-adjusted life year for nonagenarians.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the limited scope of this introductory study, aortic valve replacement is cost-effective for all age groups and is very cost-effective for all but the most elderly according to standard econometric rules of thumb.
authors.affiliation: Providence Heart and Vascular Institute, Providence Health System, Portland, Ore 97225, USA. yingxing.wu@providence.org
authors.forename: YingXing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ruyun
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Guangqiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Gary L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Grunkemeier
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Starr
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery*; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014481:United States