title: Nasopharyngeal co-colonization with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae in children is bacterial genotype independent.
abstract: Bacterial interference between Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae in the nasopharynx has been observed during colonization, which might have important clinical implications for the widespread use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in young children. This study aimed to determine whether the capacity of Staph. aureus to compete with Strep. pneumoniae is dependent on bacterial genotype. Demographic and microbiological determinants of carriage of specific genotypes of Staph. aureus in children were also studied. Children (n=3198) were sampled in the nasopharynx to detect carriage of Staph. aureus, Strep. pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis. Staph. aureus genotypes and pneumococcal sero- and genotypes were determined. Age, gender, zip code, active smoking and co-colonization with N. meningitidis or Strep. pneumoniae, both vaccine- and non-vaccine types, were not associated with colonization by specific Staph. aureus genotypes. Based on the whole-genome typing data obtained, there was no obvious correlation between staphylococcal and pneumococcal genotypes during co-colonization. Passive smoking showed a significant association (P=0.003) with carriage of a specific Staph. aureus cluster. This study suggests that there are no major differences between Staph. aureus clones (with different disease-invoking potential) in their capacity to compete with Strep. pneumoniae subtypes. Further studies should demonstrate whether differences in bacterial interference are due to more subtle genetic changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Damian C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Melles
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Debby
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bogaert
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial Genomics, Keygene NV, Agro Business Park 90, 6708 PW Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Raymond F J
authors.initials: RFJ
authors.lastname: Gorkink
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Justine K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Moorhouse
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Alewijn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ott
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Willem B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: van Leeuwen
authors.affiliation: PathoFinder BV, Oxfordlaan 70, 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands.|Department of Microbial Genomics, Keygene NV, Agro Business Park 90, 6708 PW Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Guus
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Simons
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Henri A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Verbrugh
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center St Radboud, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.|Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Peter W M
authors.initials: PWM
authors.lastname: Hermans
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Belkum
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002353:Carrier State / Q000382:microbiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000382:microbiology*; D009345:Neisseria meningitidis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D012703:Serotyping; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014611:Vaccination