title: Decreasing prevalence and seasonal variation of gunshot trauma in raptors admitted to the wildlife center of Virginia: 1993-2002.
abstract: A retrospective study was conducted to identify the epidemiologic factors associated with gunshot injuries in raptors presented to the Wildlife Center of Virginia from 1993 to 2002. Of the 3,156 raptors admitted, 118 raptors (3.7%), representing 15 species, were admitted with gunshot trauma as the primary cause of morbidity and mortality. The majority of cases consisted of four species: red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis; 47%), red-shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus; 14%), turkey vulture (Cathartes aura; 10%), and bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus; 8%). For species with greater than 40 admissions during the study period, the proportion of gunshot trauma of all causes of morbidity and mortality ranged from <1% to 11%. Greater numbers of raptors with gunshot trauma were admitted during the fall and winter months (75%) compared with the spring and summer (25%). A significant decrease in the absolute number of gunshot cases per year was observed over the time period studied. The population-level effect of gunshot trauma is unknown for these species; however, it appears to be minor compared with other causes of morbidity and mortality.
authors.affiliation: Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: Adrienne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lickey
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sleeman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000293:injuries; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D020304:Raptors / Q000293:injuries*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012621:Seasons; D014768:Virginia; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*