title: Violence and substance use as risk factors for depressive symptoms among adolescents in an urban emergency department.
abstract: Violence and substance use were examined as multiple risk factors for depressive symptoms among 115 adolescents presenting to an urban emergency department. Using a hierarchical multivariate model, significant risk factors for increasing depression symptoms included female gender, increased involvement in substance use and greater exposure to community violence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. abbyg@yorku.ca
authors.forename: Abby L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Maureen A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Walton
authors.forename: Rebecca M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Trowbridge
authors.forename: Ronald F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Maio
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D002648:Child; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006786:Hospitals, Urban / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008824:Michigan / Q000453:epidemiology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014754:Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*