title: [Bilateral tumors of the upper urothelium].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of tumors of the upper urothelium is high in our country, apart from their relation to specific regions (BEN and PBEN) and their frequent bilateralism. Bilateral forms are present in significant percentage and are followed, in most cases, by renal failure, which speaks in favor of conservative surgery, if possible.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to present epidemiological, pathoanatomical and clinical characteristics of bilateral tumors of the upper urothelium and evaluate the results of their treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our retrospective study analyzed 12 patients with bilateral tumors of the upper urothelium who were treated in the period from 1992 to 1996, according to their epidemiological, clinical, pathoanatomical and pathohistological characteristics, type of surgical treatment and relevant success.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the observed period, bilateral tumors of the upper urothelium were found in 8.2% of our patients. In the group of 12 patients, 5 females and 7 males, 11 cases were from the region of Balkan Endemic Nephropathy (BEN). Renal failure was recorded in high percentage (66%). Radical surgical treatment--total nephroureterectomy was performed in 9 kidney units, and conservative operation in 15 units. Relapse significantly depended on tumor stage and grade, not on type of surgical treatment in the majority of cases. Five-year survival was 58.33%; major cause of death was associated with further evolution of tumor, recurrence and tumor dissemination, respectively, while renal failure complications were the cause of death in one case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The success of treatment mainly depends on tumor stage and grade and not on type of surgical method in conservative treatment, but renal failure and its complications are an important risk factor in these patients.
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Djokić
authors.forename: Dejan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dragecević
authors.forename: Jovan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nikolić
authors.forename: Svetomir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dragicević
authors.forename: Dragana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Radivojević
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000473:pathology*; D014516:Ureteral Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery