title: Paradoxical changes in muscle gene expression in insulin-resistant subjects after sustained reduction in plasma free fatty acid concentration.
abstract: Lipid oversupply plays a role in developing insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, decreasing expression of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes, and increasing extracellular matrix remodeling. To determine if a decrease in plasma lipid content reverses these abnormalities, insulin-resistant subjects with a family history of type 2 diabetes had euglycemic clamps and muscle biopsies before and after acipimox treatment to suppress free fatty acids. Free fatty acids fell from 0.584 +/- 0.041 to 0.252 +/- 0.053 mmol/l (P < 0.001) and glucose disposal increased from 5.28 +/- 0.46 to 6.31 +/- 0.55 mg . kg(-1) . min(-1) (P < 0.05) after acipimox; intramuscular fatty acyl CoA decreased from 10.3 +/- 1.9 to 4.54 +/- 0.82 pmol/mg muscle (P < 0.01). Paradoxically, expression of PGC-1-and nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes decreased after acipimox, and expression of collagens I and III alpha-subunits (82- and 21-fold increase, respectively, P < 0.05), connective tissue growth factor (2.5-fold increase, P < 0.001), and transforming growth factor-beta1 increased (2.95-fold increase, P < 0.05). Therefore, a reduction in lipid supply does not completely reverse the molecular changes associated with lipid oversupply in muscle. Changes in expression of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes do not always correlate with changes in insulin sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA.
authors.forename: Mandeep
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bajaj
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Medina-Navarro
authors.forename: Swangjit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suraamornkul
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Ralph A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: DeFronzo
authors.forename: Lawrence J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Mandarino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D011719:Pyrazines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C027696:acipimox