title: A novel glucagon receptor antagonist, NNC 25-0926, blunts hepatic glucose production in the conscious dog.
abstract: Elevated glucagon is associated with fasting hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. We assessed the effects of the glucagon receptor antagonist (2R)-N-[4-({4-(1-cyclohexen-1-yl)[(3,5-dichloroanilino)carbonyl]anilino}methyl)benzoyl]-2-hydroxy-b-alanine (NNC 25-0926) on hepatic glucose production (HPG) in vivo, using arteriovenous difference and tracer techniques in conscious dogs. The experiments consisted of equilibration (-140 to -40 min), control (40-0 min), and experimental [0-180 min, divided into P1 (0-60 min) and P2 (60-180 min)] periods. In P1, NNC 25-0926 was given intragastrically at 0 (veh), 10, 20, 40, or 100 mg/kg, and euglycemia was maintained. In P2, somatostatin, basal intraportal insulin, and 5-fold basal intraportal glucagon (2.5 ng/kg/min) were infused. Arterial plasma insulin levels remained basal throughout the study in all groups. Arterial plasma glucagon levels remained basal during the control period and P1 and then increased to approximately 70 pg/ml in P2 in all groups. Arterial plasma glucose levels were basal in the control period and P1 in all groups. In P2, the arterial glucose level increased to 245+/-22 and 172+/-15 mg/dl in the veh and 10 mg/kg groups, respectively, whereas in the 20, 40, and 100 mg/kg groups, there was no rise in glucose. Net hepatic glucose output was approximately 2 mg/kg/min in all groups during the control period. In P2, it increased by 9.4+/-2 mg/kg/min in the veh group. In the 10, 20, 40, and 100 mg/kg groups, the rise was only 4.1+/-0.9, 1.6+/-0.6, 2.4+/-0.7, and 1.5+/-0.3 mg/kg/min, respectively, due to inhibition of glycogenolysis. In conclusion, NNC 25-0926 effectively blocked the ability of glucagon to increase HGP in the dog.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 704 Robinson Research Bldg., Nashville, TN 37232-0615, USA.
authors.forename: Noelia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.forename: Carrie A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Everett-Grueter
authors.forename: Dale S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Edgerton
authors.forename: Tiffany
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rodewald
authors.forename: Doss W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Neal
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Marianne O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: Lene O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kristensen
authors.forename: Christian L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Brand
authors.forename: Alan D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Cherrington
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000032:analysis; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005943:Gluconeogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D005947:Glucose / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D050261:Glycogenolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D015091:beta-Alanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D002096:C-Peptide; C520028:N-(4-((4-(1-cyclohexen-1-yl)((3,5-dichloroanilino)carbonyl)anilino)methyl)benzoyl)-2-hydroxy-beta-alanine; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon; D015091:beta-Alanine; D005947:Glucose