title: Clinical characteristics of spontaneous late-onset comitant acute nonaccommodative esotropia in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the clinical characteristics of spontaneous, late-onset comitant acute, nonaccommodative esotropia (ANAET) in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical characteristics of a cohort of patients under 16 years of age with ANAET were studied retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 15 patients eight were females. Mean age was 7.15 years (range 2.5-13, SD 3.34). Mean age of the onset of deviation was 3.2 years (range 1.5-9, SD 2.26). Mean duration of strabismus was 36 months (range 3-132, SD 43). History of a precipitating event was present in five patients (33.3%). Mean cycloplegic refraction was 1.84 diopter sphere (range -5.75 to +7.25, SD 3.55). Mean esodeviation for near and distance fixation was 40 prism diopter (range 15-90, SD 23.9). None had near/distance disparity of more than 5 prism diopter. Amblyopia was present in 13 cases (87%). Strabismus surgery was performed for eight patients. Five patients had orthophoria and three were aligned within 8 prisms esodeviation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ANAET is more common than previously reported, has a variable time of onset and high incidence of amblyopia. Timely management would avert emergence of amblyopia and vertical incomitance thereby promising better binocular outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Bombay City Eye Institute and Research Centre, 5 Victor Villa, Babulnath Road, Mumbai - 400 007, India. drmihirkothari@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Mihir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kothari
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004948:Esotropia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D011379:Prognosis; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D012189:Retrospective Studies