title: Paternally inherited submicroscopic duplication at 11p15.5 implicates insulin-like growth factor II in overgrowth and Wilms' tumorigenesis.
abstract: Loss of imprinting at insulin-like growth factor II (IGFII), in association with H19 silencing, has been described previously in a subgroup of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) patients who have an elevated risk for Wilms' tumor. An equivalent somatic mutation occurs in sporadic Wilms' tumor. We describe a family with overgrowth in three generations and Wilms' tumor in two generations, with paternal inheritance of a cis-duplication at 11p15.5 spanning the BWS IC1 region and including H19, IGFII, INS, and TH. The duplicated region was below the limit of detection by high-resolution karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization, has a predicted minimum size of 400 kb, and was confirmed by genotyping and gene-dosage analysis on a CytoChip comparative genomic hybridization bacterial artificial chromosome array. IGFII is the only known paternally expressed oncogene mapping within the duplicated region and our findings directly implicate IGFII in Wilms' tumorigenesis and add to the mutation spectrum that increases the effective dose of IGFII. Furthermore, this study raises the possibility that sporadic cases of overgrowth and Wilms' tumor, presenting with apparent gain of methylation at IC1, may be explained by submicroscopic paternal duplications. This finding has important implications for determining the transmission risk in these disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia. elizabeth.algar@rch.org.au
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Algar
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: St Heaps
authors.forename: Artur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Darmanian
authors.forename: Vinod
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dagar
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prawitt
authors.forename: Greg B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Felicity
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Collins
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight / Q000235:genetics; D002880:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D020440:Gene Duplication; D050173:Genes, Y-Linked; D006128:Growth / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D010375:Pedigree; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D009396:Wilms Tumor / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C035170:IGF2 protein, human; D011506:Proteins; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II