title: Poststroke shoulder pain: its relationship to motor impairment, activity limitation, and quality of life.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the relationship between poststroke shoulder pain, upper-limb motor impairment, activity limitation, and pain-related quality of life (QOL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional, secondary analysis of baseline data from a multisite clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient rehabilitation clinics of 7 academic medical centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Volunteer sample of 61 chronic stroke survivors with poststroke shoulder pain and glenohumeral subluxation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured poststroke shoulder pain with the Brief Pain Inventory question 12 (BPI 12), a self-reported 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS) that assesses "worst pain" in the last 7 days. Motor impairment was measured with the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA). Activity limitation was measured with the Arm Motor Ability Test (AMAT) and the FIM instrument. Pain-related QOL was measured with BPI question 23, a self-reported 11-point NRS that assesses pain interference with general activity, mood, walking ability, normal work, interpersonal relationships, sleep, and enjoyment of life.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stepwise regression analyses indicated that poststroke shoulder pain is associated with the BPI 23, but not with the FMA, FIM, or AMAT scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Poststroke shoulder pain is associated with reduced QOL, but not with motor impairment or activity limitation.
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Functional Electrical Stimulation Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA. jchae@metrohealth.org
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mascarenhas
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kirsteins
authors.forename: Elie P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Elovic
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Flanagan
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Zorowitz
authors.forename: Zi-Ping
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Fang
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011788:Quality of Life; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020521:Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology*