title: Endotoxin attenuates growth hormone-induced hepatic insulin-like growth factor I expression by inhibiting JAK2/STAT5 signal transduction and STAT5b DNA binding.
abstract: Gram-negative sepsis with release of endotoxin is a frequent cause of cachexia that develops partly because of resistance to growth hormone (GH) with reduced insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) expression. We set out to more fully characterize the mechanisms for the resistance and to determine whether in addition to a defect in the janus kinase 2 (JAK2)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 5b pathway, required for GH-induced IGF-I expression, there might also be a more distal defect. Conscious rats were given endotoxin and studied 4 h later. In liver of these animals, GH-induced JAK2 and STAT5 phosphorylation was impaired and appeared to be caused, at least in part, by a marked increase in hepatic tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 mRNA expression accompanied by elevated levels of inhibitors of GH signaling, namely cytokine-inducible suppressors of cytokine signaling-1 and -3 and cytokine-inducible SH2 protein (CIS). Nuclear phosphorylated STAT5b levels were significantly depressed to 61% of the control values and represent a potential cause of the reduced GH-induced IGF-I expression. In addition, binding of phosphorylated STAT5b to DNA was reduced to an even greater extent and averaged 17% of the normal control value. This provides a further explanation for the impaired IGF-I gene transcription. Interestingly, when endotoxin-treated rats were treated with GH, there was a marked increase in proinflammatory cytokine gene expression in the liver. If such a response were to occur in humans, this might provide a partial explanation for the adverse effect of GH treatment reported in critically ill patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Difei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Vidya M R
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Krishnamurthy
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rabkin
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D004247:DNA / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000378:metabolism; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D053614:Janus Kinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004731:Endotoxins; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013006:Growth Hormone; D004247:DNA; C507927:Jak2 protein, rat; D053614:Janus Kinase 2