title: Epidemiological profile of 806 Italian children with hepatitis C virus infection over a 15-year period.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the epidemiological profile of Italian children with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection over a 15-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen tertiary care centers, belonging to a national Observatory established in 1998, retrospectively/prospectively recruited 806 consecutive HCV-infected, otherwise healthy, children seen from 1990 to 2004.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven hundred and sixty four were Italian and 42 from foreign countries. Newly-diagnosed cases declined from 332 in 1995-1999 to 196 in 2000-2004, while the proportion of foreign children rose from 3% to 13%. Transfusion-transmitted infection disappeared after 1992. Maternal infection (with drug abuse in 63% of cases in the North) has become the most important mode of HCV diffusion throughout Italy and the exclusive source for all children infected in 2000-2004. The prevalence of HCV genotypes 3 and 4 increased and that of genotype 1b decreased significantly (p<0.02). Male/female ratio was significantly (p<0.001) lower among vertically infected (0.6) than in transfused children (1.3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The number of children with newly-diagnosed HCV infection is declining in Italy and most post-transfusion cases are now young adults. Thus foreign children could significantly contribute to the reservoir of pediatric infection in years to come. New infections result from maternal transmission and seem to privilege females and genotypes 3 and 4.
authors.affiliation: Clinica Medica 5, Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale - University Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35100 Padua, Italy. flavia.bortolotti@unipd.it
authors.forename: Flavia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bortolotti
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Iorio
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jorio
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Resti
authors.forename: Calogero
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cammà
authors.forename: Matilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marcellini
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giacchino
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Marazzi
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Verucchi
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zancan
authors.forename: Cristiana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barbera
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maggiore
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vajro
authors.forename: Antonietta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giannattasio
authors.forename: Samuela
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bartolacci
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000635:transmission*; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution
chemical_list: D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies