title: Alcohol/cholecystokinin-evoked pancreatic acinar basolateral exocytosis is mediated by protein kinase C alpha phosphorylation of Munc18c.
abstract: The pancreatic acinus is the functional unit of the exocrine pancreas whose role is to secrete zymogens into the gut lumen for food digestion via apical exocytosis. We previously reported that supramaximal CCK induced apical blockade and redirected exocytosis to ectopic sites on the basolateral plasma membrane (BPM) of this polarized cell, leading to pancreatitis. Basolateral exocytosis was mediated by protein kinase C phosphorylation of BPM Munc18c, causing its displacement into the cytosol and activation of BPM-bound Syntaxin-4 to form a SNARE complex. To mimic the conditions of alcoholic pancreatitis, we now examined whether 20 mm alcohol followed by submaximal CCK might mimic supramaximal CCK in inducing these pathologic exocytotic events. We show that a non-secretory but clinically relevant alcohol concentration (20 mm) inhibited submaximal CCK (50 pM)-stimulated amylase secretion by blocking apical exocytosis and redirecting exocytosis to less efficient BPM, indeed mimicking supramaximal CCK (10 nM) stimulation. We further demonstrate that basolateral exocytosis caused by both stimulation protocols is mediated by PKC alpha-induced phosphorylation of Munc18c: 1) PKC alpha is activated, which binds and induces phosphorylation of PM-Munc18c at a Thr site, and these events can be inhibited by PKC alpha blockade; 2) PKC alpha inhibition blocks Munc18c displacement from the BPM; 3) PKC alpha inhibition prevents basolateral exocytosis but does not rescue apical exocytosis. We conclude that 20 mm alcohol/submaximal CCK as well supramaximal CCK stimulation can trigger pathologic basolateral exocytosis in pancreatic acinar cells via PKC alpha-mediated activation of Munc18c, which enables Syntaxin-4 to become receptive in forming a SNARE complex in the BPM; and we further postulate this to be an underlying mechanism contributing to alcoholic pancreatitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
authors.forename: Laura I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Cosen-Binker
authors.forename: Patrick P L
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Marcelo G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Binker
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reeve
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pandol
authors.forename: Herbert Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Gaisano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000633:toxicity*; D002756:Cholagogues and Choleretics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002766:Cholecystokinin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000378:metabolism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000633:toxicity*; D005089:Exocytosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051938:Munc18 Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D046790:Pancreas, Exocrine / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019512:Pancreatitis, Alcoholic / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000187:drug effects; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D050765:Qa-SNARE Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D050600:SNARE Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D002756:Cholagogues and Choleretics; D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D051938:Munc18 Proteins; D050765:Qa-SNARE Proteins; D050600:SNARE Proteins; C497944:Stxbp3 protein, rat; D000431:Ethanol; D002766:Cholecystokinin; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha