title: Cerebral perfusion and oxygenation after the Norwood procedure: comparison of right ventricle-pulmonary artery conduit with modified Blalock-Taussig shunt.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The proposed physiologic advantage of the modified Norwood procedure using a right ventricle-pulmonary artery conduit to supply pulmonary blood flow, compared with a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt, is reduced runoff from the systemic-to-pulmonary circulation during diastole, resulting in a higher diastolic blood pressure and improved systemic perfusion. We hypothesized that the modified Norwood procedure is associated with improved cerebral perfusion and oxygenation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transcranial Doppler sonography and near-infrared spectroscopy were performed in neonates undergoing the Norwood procedure with either a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt (n = 14) or right ventricle-pulmonary artery conduit (n = 13).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher in the right ventricle-pulmonary artery group at 6 hours after bypass (46 +/- 7 vs 40 +/- 4 mm Hg; P = .03), on postoperative day 1 (45 +/- 6 vs 37 +/- 5 mm Hg; P = .002), and on postoperative day 2 (46 +/- 7 vs 37 +/- 4 mm Hg; P = .001). Cerebral diastolic blood flow velocity did not differ significantly between groups at any time point or over time, but cerebral systolic blood flow velocity was higher over time in the Blalock-Taussig group (P = .01). No significant differences in regional cerebral oxygen saturation were found between groups at baseline or after bypass. Blood flow velocities and cerebral oxygen saturation did not differ significantly according to use of regional low-flow perfusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The higher diastolic blood pressure after the modified Norwood procedure is not associated with higher cerebral blood flow velocities or regional cerebral oxygen saturation. This may imply an equal vulnerability to the cerebral injury associated with hemodynamic instability in the early postoperative period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass, USA. barry.kussman@childrens.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Barry D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Kussman
authors.forename: Kimberlee
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gauvreau
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: DiNardo
authors.forename: Jane W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Newburger
authors.forename: Andrew S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Mackie
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Booth
authors.forename: Pedro J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: del Nido
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Laussen
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006334:Heart Function Tests; D006801:Humans; D018636:Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010477:Perfusion / Q000379:methods; D011336:Probability; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000601:surgery*; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen