title: Association of vitamin B12, folate and homocysteine with functional and pathological characteristics of the elderly in a mountainous village in Sicily.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Homocysteine is associated with age, folate and vitamin B(12). Our study investigated the functional and clinical characteristics of the elderly (aged 60-85 years) of San Teodoro, a village in Central Sicily, and evaluated associations with vitamin B(12), folate and homocysteine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects (n=280) were examined after door-to-door recruitment using interview, physician examination and laboratory tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 19.3% of the population had a low blood level of folate (<7 nmol/L) and 3.2% had low vitamin B(12) concentration (<100 pmol/L). The level of dependency, determined by the Barthel index, influenced homocysteine blood levels (p<0.0001), independent of age (p<0.0001), folate (p=0.0028) and vitamin B(12) (p=0.0165). Homocysteine was significantly associated with stroke (p=0.0027) and peripheral arterial vascular disease (p=0.0001), but not with myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, venous thrombosis or cancer. Vitamin B(12) was lower in myocardial infarction and higher in diabetes and venous thrombosis compared to the other diseases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of deficits in folate and vitamin B(12) was paradoxically high in the mountainous northeastern area of Sicily. Our study also underlines the association of homocysteine with dependency of the elderly and with stroke and peripheral arteriopathy.
authors.affiliation: Oasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Troina (EN), Italy. rsspada@oasi.en.it
authors.forename: Rosario Sebastiano
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Spada
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stella
authors.forename: Santa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Calabrese
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bosco
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Anello
authors.forename: Rosa-Maria
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Guéant-Rodriguez
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: Lahoucine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Benamghar
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fontaine
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Guéant
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases; D012802:Sicily / Q000453:epidemiology; D020521:Stroke; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D006710:Homocysteine; D005492:Folic Acid; D014805:Vitamin B 12