title: A clinical study of all-trans-retinoid-induced differentiation therapy of advanced thyroid cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the changes in differentiation markers and therapeutic effects in all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)-treated patients with dedifferentiated thyroid cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between September 2001 and July 2004 eleven patients were analysed retrospectively. They had dedifferentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) (four follicular, five papillary, two oxyphilic) and were selected for treatment with ATRA (1.00+/-0.09 mg x kg x d) for 30 or 60 days. All patients had advanced stage tumours with prior operative and radioiodine treatment. Extensive tumour invasion, distant metastatic spread, and insufficient or non-existent uptake of radioiodine precluded conventional therapeutic options. Changes in I uptake, response of target lesions, and serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels were measured and compared in these patients before and after ATRA therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 11 patients with DTC, iodine uptake was increased in four and there was a partial response (PR) of target lesions in five patients as well as two patients with stable disease. Tg was assessed in eight patients, in whom two responders showed increased radioiodine uptake or no change and decreased Tg level, as well as PR after ATRA-induced differentiation therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ATRA has an effect on the differentiation status of DTC and deserves further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. zhangyifan1992@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Yifan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shiquan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Biao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhaohui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Chengmo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013954:Thyroglobulin / Q000097:blood*; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D014212:Tretinoin; D013954:Thyroglobulin