title: Is global cardiovascular risk considered in current practice? Treatment and control of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes according to patients' risk level.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the pharmacological treatment and the control of major modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in everyday practice according to the patients' cardiovascular risk level.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional study general practitioners (GPs) had to identify a random sample of their patients with cardiovascular risk factors or diseases and collect essential data on the pharmacological treatment and control of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes according to the patients' cardiovascular risk level and history of cardiovascular disease. Participants were subjects of both sexes, aged 40-80 years, with at least one known cardiovascular risk factor or a history of cardiovascular diseases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From June to December 2000, 162 Italian GPs enrolled 3120 of their patients (2470 hypertensives, 1373 hyperlipidemics, and 604 diabetics). Despite the positive association between the perceived level of global cardiovascular risk and lipid-lowering drug prescriptions in hyperlipidemic subjects (from 26% for lowest risk to 56% for highest risk p < 0.0001) or the prescription of combination therapy in hypertensives (from 41% to 70%, p < 0.0001) and diabetics (from 24% to 43%, p = 0.057), control was still inadequate in 48% of diabetics, 77% of hypertensives, and 85% of hyperlipidemics, with no increase in patients at highest risk. Trends for treatment and control were similar in patients with cardiovascular diseases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even in high-risk patients, despite a tendency towards more intensive treatment, pharmacological therapy is still under used and the degree of control of blood pressure, cholesterol level and diabetes is largely unsatisfactory.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Daria
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Roccatagliata
authors.forename: Fausto
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Avanzini
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Monesi
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Caimi
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lauri
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Longoni
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marchioli
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tombesi
authors.forename: Gianni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tognoni
authors.forename: Maria Carla
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Roncaglioni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005194:Family Practice / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents