title: Relation between vascular risk factors and neuropsychological test performance among elderly persons with Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vascular risk factors increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The mechanisms for these associations are unclear, and may be due to misdiagnosis of a vascular dementia syndrome as AD.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine differences in neuropsychological profile among persons diagnosed clinically with AD with and without vascular risk factors or stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community based cohort study. Individual and composite scores of neuropsychological tests at the time of clinical diagnosis of incident AD were compared among 243 persons with and without vascular risk factors or stroke.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among subjects with incident AD, diabetes was associated with lower performance in Delayed Recall of the Selective Reminding Test (SRT), while persons diagnosed with hypertension scored lower in consistent long term recall (CLTR) of the SRT and current smokers scored lower in Category Fluency. None of the risk factors was associated with differences in composite scores in memory, abstract/visuospatial or language domain, nor was the number of risk factors per person. Persons with stroke had a higher delayed recall score at the time of AD diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of vascular risk factors among persons with clinically diagnosed AD was associated with subtle differences in neuropsychological profile at the time of diagnosis. This study needs to be replicated in samples with brain imaging, a comprehensive executive abilities battery, and pathological diagnosis of AD.
authors.affiliation: The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reitz
authors.forename: Bindu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Ming-Xin
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manly
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mayeux
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Luchsinger
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity / Q000639:trends; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E