title: Nanopore sequencing technology: nanopore preparations.
abstract: For the past decade, nanometer-scale pores have been developed as a powerful technique for sensing biological macromolecules. Various potential applications using these nanopores have been reported at the proof-of-principle stage, with the eventual aim of using them as an alternative to de novo DNA sequencing. Currently, there have been two general approaches to prepare nanopores for nucleic acid analysis: organic nanopores, such as alpha-hemolysin pores, are commonly used for DNA analysis, whereas synthetic solid-state nanopores have also been developed using various conventional and non-conventional fabrication techniques. In particular, synthetic nanopores with pore sizes smaller than the alpha-hemolysin pores have been prepared, primarily by electron-beam-assisted techniques: these are more robust and have better dimensional adjustability. This review will examine current methods of nanopore preparation, ranging from organic pore preparations to recent developments in synthetic nanopore fabrications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Minsoung
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Burns
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D016062:Porosity; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends
chemical_list: D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; C036507:Hlya protein, E coli; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D004247:DNA