title: Intrauterine contraception: evaluation of clinician practice patterns in Kaiser Permanente Northern California.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the medical evidence, few women of reproductive age in the United States use intrauterine contraception (IUC) in comparison with women worldwide. To reduce cost as a barrier, Kaiser Permanente removed the cost to the patient for IUC throughout California in 2002. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether providing evidence-based information about IUC would result in changes in the knowledge, attitudes and practice patterns of clinicians and in greater IUC utilization as compared with removing cost alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive education intervention was conducted in half of Kaiser Permanente Northern California ob-gyn departments. To make comparisons between the intervention and comparison sites, we surveyed clinicians in both groups before and after the intervention about their IUC knowledge, attitudes as well as practice patterns and collected utilization data for 27 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant changes in attitudes and practice patterns were reported by the intervention group as compared with the usual care comparison group. By the end of the study, change in IUC utilization was significantly greater in the intervention group (utilization rate=9.57/1000) as compared with the comparison group (utilization rate=7.35/1000) (p=.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A multifaceted approach to providing evidence-based clinician and patient education resulted in statistically significant reported changes in attitudes and practice patterns and in greater IUC utilization as compared with usual practice.
authors.affiliation: Kaiser Permanente Women's Health Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94612, USA. Debbie.A.Postlethwaite@kp.org
authors.forename: Debbie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Postlethwaite
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shaber
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mancuso
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.forename: Mary Anne
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Armstrong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D006176:Gynecology / Q000193:education*; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006266:Health Education; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007434:Intrauterine Devices / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009720:Nurse Clinicians / Q000193:education; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires