title: Malaria and pregnancy: the perspective in Pakistan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of malaria on pregnancy outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case control study conducted on patients identified by ICD-9 coding system of the hospital medical records. Demographic and clinical data recorded on standardized data sheet and analyzed using SPSS 11.5 software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the total patients, 67.4% were multigravid and 32.6% were primigravid with 78.6% of patients having platelets < 150,000. Mean haemoglobin was 9.4 gm/dl in patients and 12.2 gm/dl in controls. Plasmodium Vivax was accounted for 55.8%, P. Falciparum for 41.9%, and P. Ovale 2.3% of infections. In all, 48.8% of patients received oral Chloroquine, 16.3% oral Quinine, 30.3% intravenous Quinine, 20.9% of patients received combination treatment with IV Clindamycin, and one each patient received oral Artemether or oral halofantrine. Two patients had an abortion. One of the following complications including, threatened abortion, preterm labour, ARDS or Cerebral malaria, was observed in one patient each. Mean weight of babies born to cases was 2.8 kg (range 1.4-3.8) and of control babies was 3.2 kg (range 2.5-4.0 kg). No congenital malformations were reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasmodium falciparum sp, moderate parasitic load, haemoglobin < 10 gm/dL, platelet count < 50,000/mm3 and IV quinine with loading dose of 20 mg/kg are identified as few of the potential risk factors for poor outcome in pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi.
authors.forename: Maqsood A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bhatti
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Azharuddin
authors.forename: Samreen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhatti
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: Muhammad Aslam
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000150:complications*; D010154:Pakistan; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000302:isolation & purification; D041122:Plasmodium ovale / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010966:Plasmodium vivax / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011247:Pregnancy; D015597:Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors