title: Why does dieting predict weight gain in adolescents? Findings from project EAT-II: a 5-year longitudinal study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dieting has been found to predict weight gain in adolescents, but reasons for this association remain unclear. This study aimed to explore potential mechanisms by which dieting predicts weight gain over time in adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based, 5-year longitudinal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adolescents (n=2,516) from diverse ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds who completed Project EAT (Eating Among Teens) surveys in 1999 (Time 1) and 2004 (Time 2).
  
  
  METHODS
  Body mass index (BMI) change over 5 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multiple regressions were used to examine associations between Time 1 dieting and Time 2 binge eating, breakfast consumption, fruit and vegetable intake, and physical activity. Associations were then examined between these behaviors and BMI change. Finally, to test for mediating effects, associations between dieting and BMI change were examined with and without the inclusion of these behaviors, and regression coefficients were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In female adolescents, dieting predicted increased binge eating (P<0.001) and decreased breakfast consumption (P=0.030). In male adolescents, dieting predicted increased binge eating (P<0.001), decreased physical activity (P=0.006), and a trend toward decreased breakfast consumption (P=0.064). These behaviors were also associated with increases in BMI. The association between dieting and BMI increase was weakened, but still remained significant, after binge eating, breakfast consumption, fruit/vegetable intake, and physical activity were included in the model being tested. Thus, the longitudinal association between dieting and BMI increase was partially mediated by these behaviors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In part, dieting may lead to weight gain via the long-term adoption of behavioral patterns that are counterproductive to weight management.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA. neumark@epi.umn.edu
authors.forename: Dianne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Neumark-Sztainer
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wall
authors.forename: Jess
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haines
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Story
authors.forename: Marla E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Eisenberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D017195:Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology*