title: Trends in childhood cancer incidence: review of environmental linkages.
abstract: Cancer in children is rare and accounts for about 1% of all malignancies. In the developed world, however, it is the commonest cause of disease-related deaths in childhood, carrying with it a great economic and emotional cost. Cancers are assumed to be multivariate, multifactorial diseases that occur when a complex and prolonged process involving genetic and environmental factors interact in a multistage sequence. This article explores the available evidence for this process, primarily from the environmental linkages perspective but including some evidence of the genetic factors.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit, Misericordia Hospital, 3 West, 16940 - 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T5R 4H5, Canada. ibuka@cha.ab.ca
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Buka
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koranteng
authors.forename: Alvaro R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Osornio Vargas
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D018876:Environmental Illness / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D020031:Epstein-Barr Virus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007938:Leukemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000009:adverse effects; D011886:Radon / Q000009:adverse effects; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D010575:Pesticides; D011886:Radon