title: Diffusion tensor imaging eigenvalues: preliminary evidence for altered myelin in cocaine dependence.
abstract: Reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) in Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) has been reported in cocaine dependent subjects compared to non-drug using controls. There are several pathological mechanisms that could be responsible for these findings, since FA can be reduced through damage to axonal tracts and by neuronal loss. One way of obtaining more information about pathology underlying changes in FA on DTI is diffusion tensor eigenvalues, representing diffusion along the fiber tract (lambda(1)) or perpendicular to the fiber tract (lambda(T)). Thirteen cocaine dependent subjects and 18 healthy controls underwent full brain DTI. Eigenvalues lambda(1) and lambda(T) of the corpus callosum were compared between cocaine users and controls. For lambda(T) there was a significant interaction of group x region of corpus callosum. Exploratory analysis of the subregions showed higher lambda(T) in the genu of the anterior corpus callosum of cocaine dependent subjects compared to control subjects. For lambda(1) there was no significant interaction of group x region of corpus callosum. Based on prior studies suggesting that alteration or damage to myelin increases diffusion perpendicular to the direction of fiber tracts (lambda(T)) with minimal effect on lambda(1) these findings are consistent with altered myelin in the corpus callosum in cocaine dependent subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, 1300 Moursund, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Frederick.g.moeller@uth.tmc.edu
authors.forename: F Gerard
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Moeller
authors.forename: Khader M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.forename: Joel L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.forename: Larry A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Valdes
authors.forename: Lingo Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Alan C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Swann
authors.forename: Ponnada A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Narayana
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000473:pathology; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000473:pathology*