title: Angiotensin type-1 receptor blockade with losartan increases insulin sensitivity and improves glucose homeostasis in subjects with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A growing body of evidence supports the concept that treatment with the newer angiotensin type-1 receptor blockers (ARBs) improves glucose homeostasis under conditions wherein it is impaired. Controversy exists, however, regarding the ability of losartan, an older ARB, to exert comparable improvement. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of losartan on glucose homeostasis in subjects with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven subjects with type 2 diabetic nephropathy were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, controlled study. Losartan (100 mg daily) or the calcium channel blocker amlodipine (10 mg daily) was administered for a period of 3 months. Fasting blood glucose, serum insulin and C-peptide concentrations were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed to evaluate insulin sensitivity and beta-cell responsiveness. Insulin resistance was measured using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, AUC glucose, and urinary protein values were significantly decreased in the losartan group as compared with the amlodipine group (P<0.05). Furthermore, C-peptide concentrations, the insulin sensitivity index, and the insulin-to-glucose ratio were significantly increased after 3 months of therapy with losartan as compared to amlodipine (P<0.05). Reductions of fasting insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR were also observed for the losartan group; however, reductions were not significant when compared with the amlodipine group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to reducing urinary protein excretion, losartan at 100 mg daily increases insulin sensitivity and improves glucose homeostasis in subjects with type 2 diabetic nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, No.3 People's Hospital of the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China. hmjgli@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Hui-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017311:Amlodipine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D019808:Losartan / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017311:Amlodipine; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; D019808:Losartan