title: Fu's subcutaneous needling: possible clinical evidence of the subcutaneous connective tissue in acupuncture.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recently it was reported that the loose connective tissue in the subcutaneous layer rapidly responded to mechanical forces evoked by acupuncture, massage, and normal physical movements. However, there were no clinical studies to substantiate these findings so far. Fu's Subcutaneous Needling (FSN) is the innovative needling strategy acting specifically in the subcutaneous layer. A single-blinded and randomized trial was designed to compare the immediate effects of FSN with different needling directions on myofascial trigger points (MTrP) in the neck.
  
  
  METHODS
  For simplicity, we chose two mutually perpendicular needle directions in this study. In one group, the needle was along the local muscle fibers and pointed to the MTrP (Along Group). In the other group, the needle was across the local muscle fibers and also pointed to the MTrP (Across Group).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-seven (47) patients were randomly divided into two groups: the Along Group (n = 22) and the Across Group (n = 25). There were no significant differences with respect to age, duration of pain, and gender between the two groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  FSN needles were inserted and swayed in the subcutaneous layer 200 times in 2 minutes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before and after FSN treatment, patients were subjected to the assessment of the following three parameters: motion-related pain, pain under pressure, and the range of cervical movement. Three parameters were all reduced after the FSN intervention. There were no significant differences in variation of the three parameters between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immediate effects of FSN on alleviating MTrP in the neck were not relevant to the needling directions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Zhong-Hua
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Jin-Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jian-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xin-Yuan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jian-Guo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D015667:Acupuncture Analgesia / Q000379:methods*; D015669:Acupuncture Points; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009209:Myofascial Pain Syndromes / Q000628:therapy*; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D009339:Needles; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019413:Qi; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome