title: Extrapancreatic inflammation on abdominal computed tomography as an early predictor of disease severity in acute pancreatitis: evaluation of a new scoring system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To introduce a new scoring system based on signs of systemic inflammation on computed tomography (CT) [ExtraPancreatic Inflammation on CT (EPIC) score] and evaluate this score as an early prognostic tool.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients with acute pancreatitis who received an abdominal CT within 24 h after admission were included in the study. The Balthazar score, the CT Severity Index, and the EPIC score (based on the presence of pleural effusion, ascites, and retroperitoneal fluid collections) were calculated for all patients. The end points were the occurrence of severe acute pancreatitis (local complication or presence of organ failure for more than 48 h) and in hospital mortality. This score was evaluated by calculating receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the ROC curve.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of the patients was 50 (+/-17.7) years, and Ranson score was 3.3. Fourteen (35%) patients developed severe disease; in hospital mortality was 15% (6/40). The mean EPIC score was 3.6 (+/-2.0). The area under the ROC curve for predicting severe disease and mortality was 0.91 (95% confidence interval, 0.83-0.99) and 0.85 (95% confidence interval, 0.71-0.99), respectively. An EPIC score of 4 or more had a 100% sensitivity and 70.8% specificity for predicting severe pancreatitis. The EPIC score was superior to the Balthazar score and CT Severity Index to predict outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with acute pancreatitis, extrapancreatic inflammation assessed by abdominal CT scan and quantified with the EPIC score allows accurate estimation of disease severity and mortality within 24 h of admission.
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Gent, Belgium. jan.dewaele@UGent.be
authors.forename: Jan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: De Waele
authors.forename: Louke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Delrue
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hoste
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Vos
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Duyck
authors.forename: Francis A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Colardyn
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001201:Ascites / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality; D015331:Cohort Studies; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011860:Radiography, Abdominal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*