title: Scurvy and rickets masked by chronic neurologic illness: revisiting "psychologic malnutrition".
abstract: The North American epidemic of overeating, combined with a sedentary lifestyle, has led to a growing prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and the "metabolic syndrome" in children. Excessive caloric intake does not imply adequate nutrition, and vitamin-deficiency syndromes still occur in some American children. Here we describe cases of scurvy and vitamin D deficiency in 2 children with cognitive disorders. Thorough dietary histories suggested the diagnosis in each patient and, had they been obtained at presentation, would likely have obviated invasive diagnostic workup, unnecessary stress to the patients and their families, and significant functional disability. Overnutrition and malnutrition may coexist, particularly among those with abnormal cognition or autistic spectrum disorders. Classic nutritional deficiencies must not be omitted from the differential diagnosis. A comprehensive dietary history and screening for vitamin deficiencies in at-risk children are important aspects of preventive health care and are essential for prompt diagnosis and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital of New York, New York, NY 10032, USA. jn2054@columbia.edu
authors.forename: James McCallum
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Noble
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mandel
authors.forename: Marc C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Patterson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012279:Rickets / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D012614:Scurvy / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014815:Vitamins / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins