title: Case report: Use of two balloon-tipped catheters during thoracoscopic repair of a type C tracheoesophageal fistula in a neonate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a novel airway management technique for thoracoscopic repair of a type C tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) in a neonate.
  
  
  METHODS
  A full-term neonate with a type C TEF presented for thoracoscopic repair. The fistula was at the level of the carina, making its isolation from positive pressure ventilation using traditional techniques difficult. In addition, non-ventilation of the right lung was required. The use of two Fogarty type balloon-tipped embolectomy catheters placed alongside the endotracheal tube successfully achieved the goal of blocking ventilation of the fistula and the right lung. The use of fibreoptic bronchoscopy greatly facilitated placement of the blockers. The patient made an uneventful recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Placing two balloon-tipped blockers, one in the TEF and the other in the right mainstem bronchus, is a viable technique for thoracoscopic fistula repair when the fistula is at or very close to the level of the carina.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR. hoamh@cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: Anthony M-H
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Joyce C P
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Po T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Chui
authors.forename: Manoj K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Karmakar
mesh_terms: D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013906:Thoracoscopy; D014138:Tracheoesophageal Fistula / Q000601:surgery*