Toxin profiles and resistances to macrolides and newer fluoroquinolones as epidemicity determinants of clinical isolates of Clostridium difficile from Warsaw, Poland.
Amplified fragment length polymorphism genotypes, antibiotic resistance profiles, and toxin profiles of Clostridium difficile strains from Warsaw were determined. The isolates segregate in six major genotypes, coinciding with toxin profiles. Most of the toxin A-negative toxin B-positive toxin CDT-negative strains possess ermB, and several strains were resistant to fluoroquinolones. Resistograms and toxin types of C. difficile strains are epidemicity determinants.
Pituch
Hanna
H
Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinski Street, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland. hanna.pituch@ib.amwaw.edu.pl
van Leeuwen
Willem
W
Maquelin
Kees
K
Wultańska
Dorota
D
Obuch-Woszczatyński
Piotr
P
Nurzyńska
Grazyna
G
Kato
Haru
H
Reijans
Martin
M
Meisel-Mikołajczyk
Felicja
F
Łuczak
Mirosław
M
van Belkum
Alex
A
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003015:Clostridium Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D018942:Macrolides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D018942:Macrolides