title: Physical activity levels in children and adolescents are reduced after the Fontan procedure, independent of exercise capacity, and are associated with lower perceived general health.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine physical activity levels in paediatric patients who underwent the Fontan procedure, and their relationship to functional status and exercise capacity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 147 patients (ages 7-18 years) at a median of 8.1 years after Fontan, as part of the Pediatric Heart Network cross-sectional study of Fontan survivors. Assessment included medical history, self-reported physical activity, parent-completed Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ), cardiopulmonary exercise testing and physical activity level measured by accelerometry (MTI Actigraph).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Measured time spent in moderate and vigorous activity was markedly below normal at all ages, particularly in females, and was not significantly related to self-reported activity levels, or to maximum Vo2, Vo2 at anaerobic threshold or maximum work rate on exercise testing. Lower measured activity levels were significantly related to lower perceived general health but not to self-esteem, physical functioning, social impact of physical limitations or overall physical or psychosocial health summary scores. Reduced exercise capacity was more strongly related than measured activity levels to lower scores in general health, self-esteem and physical functioning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physical activity levels are reduced after Fontan, independent of exercise capacity, and are associated with lower perceived general health but not other aspects of functional status.
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. brian.mccrindle@sickkids.ca
authors.forename: Brian W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: McCrindle
authors.forename: Richard V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mital
authors.forename: Bernard J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Joey C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Eisenmann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D018729:Fontan Procedure / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012649:Self Concept