title: Home screening for sexually transmitted diseases in high-risk young women: randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Home screening tests could eliminate several barriers to testing sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether offering repeated home screening tests would increase the rate of testing for chlamydia and gonorrhoea in a high-risk sample of young women.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this randomised controlled trial, 403 young women (mean age 18.9 years, 70% black) with a recent STD or with STD-related risk factors were enrolled. Participants were recruited from clinics and high-prevalence neighbourhoods and then randomly assigned to receive either a home testing kit or an invitation to attend a medical clinic for testing at 6, 12 and 18 months after enrollment. Over 80% of women were followed for 2 years. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT 00177437.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 197 women in the intervention group, 140 (71%) returned at least one home test and 25 of 249 (10%) home tests were positive. Women who received home screening tests completed significantly more STD tests overall (1.94 vs 1.41 tests per woman-year, p<0.001) and more STD tests in the absence of symptoms (1.18 vs 0.75 tests per woman-year, p<0.001). More women in the intervention group completed at least one test when asymptomatic (162 (82.2%) vs 117 (61.3%), p<0.001). The intervention was most effective among women recruited outside medical clinics. There was no significant difference in the overall rate of STDs detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Home screening significantly increased the utilisation of chlamydia and gonorrhoea testing in this sample of high-risk young women, and thus represents a feasible strategy to facilitate STD testing in young women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, Florida, USA. cookrl@phhp.ufl.edu
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Østergaard
authors.forename: Sharon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hillier
authors.forename: Pamela J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Chung-Chou H
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Diane M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Comer
authors.forename: Roberta B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Ness
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis; D005260:Female; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006699:Home Care Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000523:psychology / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity