title: Sealing properties of two contemporary single-cone obturation systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the sealing of root canals filled with two single-cone obturation systems and a warm vertical compaction technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two single-rooted teeth were decoronated to obtain 17-mm-long root segments. The root canals were cleaned and shaped to size 40, 0.06 taper and filled with: (i) warm vertical compaction with AH Plus (control); (ii) ActiV GP and (iii) GuttaFlow with single master cones. Leakage was evaluated by fluid filtration at 10 psi before root resection, and after 3, 6, 9 and 12 mm apical resections. Repeated measures anovas on ranks and Dunn's multiple comparison tests were performed to examine differences in fluid flow rates amongst different resection lengths for each filling technique. The surface and interior aspects of glass-ionomer filler-coated ActiV GP gutta-percha cones was evaluated with SEM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistical difference amongst the filling techniques was seen at 0 and 3 mm root resections. ActiV GP and GuttaFlow exhibited more leakage than AH Plus at 6, 9 and 12 mm resections. AH Plus recorded the best overall results. A nonhomogeneous coating of glass-ionomer fillers on the surface of ActiV GP cones was detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The two single-cone techniques examined are as effective in sealing the apex as AH Plus when the latter was used with warm vertical compaction. It is further hypothesized that the inferior coronal seal of these single-cone techniques may be improved with the placement of accessory cones to reduce sealer thickness or an immediate coronal adhesive restoration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry and Dental Materials, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Monticelli
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sword
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Weller
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Pashley
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Tay
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012389:Root Canal Obturation / Q000379:methods*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D006171:Gutta-Percha