title: Iron supplementation for postoperative anaemia following major paediatric orthopaedic surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is increasing evidence that the anaemia of surgery is not iron deficient and is, therefore, unresponsive to iron supplementation. Oral iron is best avoided postoperatively, particularly in children, due to its dose-dependent side effects. We undertook a national survey of major paediatric orthopaedic surgical units in the UK to investigate the current management of postoperative anaemia with particular reference to iron supplementation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Middle-grade doctors and charge nurses at 23 major paediatric orthopaedic units in the UK were contacted by telephone and a structured questionnaire was used to determine the management of postoperative anaemia in major hip, pelvic and spinal surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only one (4.3%) of the units surveyed had a formally established protocol for the management of postoperative anaemia. Only 10 out of 23 units (43.5%) did not routinely prescribe iron postoperatively. Of the remaining units, 11 commenced iron based on the postoperative haemoglobin level while only 2 used iron supplementation after investigation of serum haematinics for iron deficiency. One unit used erythropoietin in the treatment of postoperative anaemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Iron supplementation continues to be used in major paediatric orthopaedic surgery in the treatment of postoperative anaemia in the absence of iron deficiency. Given the current available evidence, we call for an end to the practice of routine iron supplementation for postoperative anaemia following major paediatric orthopaedic surgery in the UK.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK. jarrungmed@hotmail.co.uk
authors.forename: Kelvin K W
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Murali M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Utukuri
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramachandran
authors.forename: David H A
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002648:Child; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011364:Professional Practice; D006113:United Kingdom; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D004921:Erythropoietin; D007501:Iron; D014805:Vitamin B 12