title: EMG activity of the muscular and stromal layer of the cervix in relation to EMG activity of the myometrium and cervical dilatation in PGF2alpha induced parturition in the cow.
abstract: The goal of this study was to quantify and characterize the electromyographic (EMG) activities in the cervical outer muscular layer and in the cervical stromal layer, and to characterize their relationship with myometrial EMG activity and cervical dilatation during PGF2alpha-induced parturition in term pregnant cows. We continuously measured the EMG activity of the uterine myometrium and cervical outer muscular layer as well as the cervical stromal layer in five cows using bipolar electrodes while at the same time measuring changes in the cervical diameter with ultrasound cervimetry. This we did from the moment a prostaglandin analogue was injected until the expulsion of the calf. In contrast to the cervical stromal layer, the cervical outer muscular layer showed distinct EMG activity, which began to increase at about the same time as the EMG activity of the myometrium, i.e. some 12 h before the start of cervical dilatation. However, the rate of this increase was lower than in the myometrium and it was not characterized, like in the myometrium, by an increase in maximum EMG amplitude. Although the cervical outer muscular layer showed contracture and contraction like EMG activity in unison with in the myometrium, it was also characterized by a more irregular EMG activity, which occurred independently from the myometrium. These data suggest that while the outer muscular layer of the cervix may be considered to be a caudal continuation of the myometrium, it also displays activity independently from the myometrium. The physiological relevance of this activity remains to be explored.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Division of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.158, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands. e.vanengelen@vet.uu.nl
authors.forename: Eibert
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van Engelen
authors.forename: Marcel A M
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Taverne
authors.forename: Maria E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Everts
authors.forename: Gijsbert C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: van der Weijden
authors.forename: Arie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Doornenbal
authors.forename: Vidya N A
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Breeveld-Dwarkasing
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004576:Electromyography / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D007746:Labor Presentation; D007751:Labor, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D007743:Labor, Obstetric / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009215:Myometrium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010120:Oxytocics / Q000494:pharmacology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014590:Uterine Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D010120:Oxytocics; D011374:Progesterone; D015237:Dinoprost