title: Validation of transcranial Doppler with computed tomography angiography in acute cerebral ischemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Both transcranial Doppler (TCD) and spiral computed tomography angiography (CTA) are used for noninvasive vascular assessment tools in acute stroke. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of TCD against CTA in patients with acute cerebral ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients presenting to the Emergency Department with symptoms of acute (<24 hours) cerebral ischemia underwent emergent high-resolution brain CTA with a multidetector helical scanner. TCD was performed at bedside with a standardized, fast-track insonation protocol before or shortly (<2 hours) after completion of the CTA. Previously published diagnostic criteria were prospectively applied for TCD interpretation independent of angiographic findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 132 patients (74 men, mean+/-SD age 63+/-15 years) underwent emergent neurovascular assessment with brain CTA and TCD. Compared with CTA, TCD showed 34 true-positive, 9 false-negative, 5 false-positive, and 84 true-negative studies (sensitivity 79.1%, specificity 94.3%, positive predictive value 87.2%, negative predictive value 90.3%, and accuracy 89.4%). In 9 cases (7%), TCD showed findings complementary to the CTA (real-time embolization, collateralization of flow with extracranial internal carotid artery disease, alternating flow signals indicative of steal phenomenon).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bedside TCD examination yields satisfactory agreement with urgent brain CTA in the evaluation of patients with acute cerebral ischemia. TCD can provide real-time flow findings that are complementary to information provided by CTA.
authors.affiliation: Neurosonology and Stroke Research Program, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA. tsivgoulisgiorg@yahoo.gr
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tsivgoulis
authors.forename: Vijay K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Annabelle Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Lao
authors.forename: Marc D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Malkoff
authors.forename: Andrei V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Alexandrov
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data