title: Factors influencing glycemic control in type 2 diabetes during acute- and maintenance-phase treatment of major depressive disorder with bupropion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Depression management in both short- and longer-term treatment studies has been associated with improvement in glycemic control. We used bupropion hydrochloride (Wellbutrin XL) to determine whether this improvement could be attributed to changes in anthropometrics or diabetes self-care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-three patients with type 2 diabetes and major depressive disorder (MDD) received bupropion hydrochloride in a two-phase, open-label treatment trial. Those who completed the acute phase (10 weeks; n = 75) and whose depression remitted (n = 63) continued bupropion at the remission dose and were followed in the maintenance phase (24 weeks) until attrition (n = 8) or relapse of MDD (n = 0). Self-report scales were used to measure depression symptom severity and diabetes self-care behaviors. Body composition and glycemic control were determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and serial determinations of A1C.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BMI, total fat mass, and A1C decreased and composite diabetes self-care improved over the acute phase (-0.5 kg/m2, -0.7 kg, -0.5%, and +0.4, respectively, P < 0.01 for each), effects that persisted through the maintenance phase for BMI, A1C, and self-care (P < or = 0.01 for each). Reductions in BMI (B = 0.30, P = 0.01) and depression severity (B = 0.04, P = 0.046) independently predicted lower A1C after acute-phase treatment, whereas only reduction in depression severity (B = 0.08, P = 0.001) predicted A1C over the maintenance interval.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the short term, improvement in glycemic control during bupropion treatment is predicted independently by improvements in mood and body composition. Longer-term improvements in glycemic control are predicted primarily by sustained improvement in mood via mechanisms independent of anthropometric and self-care modifications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Campus Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. lustmanp@wustl.edu
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lustman
authors.forename: Monique M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Gregory S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Sayuk
authors.forename: Billy D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Nix
authors.forename: Ray E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Clouse
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001823:Body Composition; D016642:Bupropion / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D001786:Blood Glucose; D016642:Bupropion; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin