title: Complete genome sequence of the prototype lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris MG1363.
abstract: Lactococcus lactis is of great importance for the nutrition of hundreds of millions of people worldwide. This paper describes the genome sequence of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris MG1363, the lactococcal strain most intensively studied throughout the world. The 2,529,478-bp genome contains 81 pseudogenes and encodes 2,436 proteins. Of the 530 unique proteins, 47 belong to the COG (clusters of orthologous groups) functional category "carbohydrate metabolism and transport," by far the largest category of novel proteins in comparison with L. lactis subsp. lactis IL1403. Nearly one-fifth of the 71 insertion elements are concentrated in a specific 56-kb region. This integration hot-spot region carries genes that are typically associated with lactococcal plasmids and a repeat sequence specifically found on plasmids and in the "lateral gene transfer hot spot" in the genome of Streptococcus thermophilus. Although the parent of L. lactis MG1363 was used to demonstrate lysogeny in Lactococcus, L. lactis MG1363 carries four remnant/satellite phages and two apparently complete prophages. The availability of the L. lactis MG1363 genome sequence will reinforce its status as the prototype among lactic acid bacteria through facilitation of further applied and fundamental research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Udo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wegmann
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: O'Connell-Motherway
authors.forename: Aldert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zomer
authors.forename: Girbe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Buist
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shearman
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Canchaya
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ventura
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goesmann
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gasson
authors.forename: Oscar P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Kuipers
authors.forename: Douwe
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van Sinderen
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kok
mesh_terms: D017103:Bacillus Phages / Q000235:genetics; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D016679:Genome, Viral; D013294:Lactococcus lactis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D039002:Prophages / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins