title: Endoscopic diode laser cyclophotocoagulation in the management of aphakic and pseudophakic glaucoma in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (ECP) has been shown to be a useful adjunct in the management of a variety of difficult pediatric and adult glaucomas. This study reports the efficacy and safety of this procedure for pediatric aphakic and pseudophakic glaucoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  ECP was performed on 34 eyes of 25 patients under 16 years of age with aphakic or pseudophakic glaucoma between April 1994 and November 2004. Patients were followed for a minimum of 12 months or until a treatment failure had been declared. Treatment failure was defined as postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) of >24 mm Hg and IOP lowering of less than 15% despite the addition of glaucoma medications or the occurrence of any visually significant complications. Aphakic eyes of patients with congenital glaucoma or an anterior segment dysgenesis were not included in the study group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pretreatment IOP averaged 32.6 mm Hg in the 34 eyes, compared with a final postoperative average of 22.9 mm Hg. Mean follow-up period for study eyes was 44.4 months, and the average number of procedures per eye was 1.5. Overall success rate was 53% (18/34). Thirteen of the 34 eyes (38%) received one treatment only and were deemed a success. Retinal detachments developed in two eyes within the first postoperative month.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ECP is a useful tool in the treatment of aphakic and pseudophakic glaucoma, with a low rate of visually significant complications. Retreatment of eyes improved the overall success rate, although experience with cases beyond two treatment sessions is limited. Hypotony was not encountered despite 8 of the 34 eyes receiving 360 degrees of total endocyclophotoablation to the ciliary processes.
authors.affiliation: Indiana University Medical Center, 702 Rotary Circle, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors.forename: B Christian
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Plager
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Neely
authors.forename: Derek T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Sprunger
authors.forename: Naval
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sondhi
authors.forename: Gavin J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Roberts
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001036:Aphakia, Postcataract / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002386:Cataract / Q000150:complications / Q000151:congenital; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002924:Ciliary Body / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D019591:Pseudophakia / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome