title: Up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-8 by betel quid extract and arecoline and its role in 2D motility.
abstract: Betel quid (BQ) and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) play roles in oral diseases. Here, we analyzed the regulation of MMP-8 by BQ and its effect on cell migration. We found that BQ extract (BQE) increased the secretion of an 85kDa caseinolytic proteinase, specifically precipitated by an anti-MMP-8 antibody, in the culture medium of OECM-1, an oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell line. BQE also stimulated MMP-8 secretion in an esophageal carcinoma cell line, CE81T/VGH, in a dose-dependent manner, and MMP-8 protein was maximally expressed at 24h after BQE treatment in OECM-1. The BQE-induced MMP-8 expression was dose-dependently inhibited by PD98059. Arecoline, the major alkaloid of areca nut, was tested to dose-dependently up-regulate MMP-8 protein level. Moreover, both arecoline- (4.7-fold) and BQE-selected (5.5-fold) CE81T/VGH cells expressed higher MMP-8 protein level and exhibited enhanced two-dimensional (2D) motility (p=0.009 in both cells) than parental cells. The enhanced motility of arecoline- (p=0.006) and BQE-selected (p=0.002) cells was both specifically blocked by an anti-MMP-8 antibody. We conclude that BQ may accelerate tumor migration by stimulating MMP-8 expression through MEK pathway in at least some carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract. Furthermore, arecoline may be one of the positive MMP-8 regulators among BQ ingredients.
authors.affiliation: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Section, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Shyun-Yeu
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Young-Chau
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wen-Tsung
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Guan-Cheng
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Tai-Chi
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Mei-Huei
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D001114:Areca / Q000737:chemistry*; D001115:Arecoline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000201:enzymology*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000032:analysis; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D001115:Arecoline; D010450:Endopeptidases; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8