[Association between parental transforming growth factor alpha gene TaqI variant, paternal smoking and the cleft lip with or without cleft palate].
OBJECTIVE
To study the association between transforming growth factor alpha gene (TGFalpha) TaqI variant and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (nsCL/P) in Chinese population, and the interaction with parental smoking.


METHODS
TGFalpha TaqI variant was detected using RFLP-PCR for DNA samples of the 170 triads with nsCL/P affected child. We performed the transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) and the family-based association study (FBAT) to test the associations between this variant and risk of nsCL/P.


RESULTS
It was not found significant distortion of C2 allele at TGFalpha TaqI locus in nsCL/P groups (P > 0.05), however, by stratified analysis, we found that the rate of C2 allele transmission among nuclear families whose fathers were smoking was 1/5 (0.062 - 0.711) as compared with that among nuclear families whose fathers were not smoking, and the OR of interaction between TGFalpha variant and parental smoking is 0.102 (0.017 - 0.619).


CONCLUSIONS
The parental smoking may interact with TGFalpha variants of Chinese populations in occurrence of nsCL/P, but it remains to have more investigations.
Zhu
Jiang-Hui
JH
Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Reference Laboratory on Reproductive Health Research, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China.
Ren
Ai-Guo
AG
Hao
Ling
L
Pei
Li-Jun
LJ
Zhang
Bo-Lan
BL
Zhou
Min-Xia
MX
Sun
Xia-Mei
XM
Jiang
Mei-Fang
MF
Chen
Hai-Lan
HL
Li
Zhu
Z
D000483:Alleles; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005220:Fathers; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011247:Pregnancy; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000235:genetics*
D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha