title: Inhibition of T helper 2 chemokine production by narrowband ultraviolet B in cultured keratinocytes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) has recently been used for the treatment of various skin disorders. Its effects on the production of cytokines and chemokines by keratinocytes are unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of NB-UVB on production of chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines by keratinocytes in comparison with broadband (BB)-UVB.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normal human epidermal keratinocytes (or the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT in some experiments) at semiconfluency were irradiated with NB-UVB at 10, 100, 500 or 1000 mJ cm(-2) or BB-UVB at 10 or 100 mJ cm(-2). The cultures were maintained in the presence or absence of interferon (IFN)-gamma at 200 U mL(-1). The 72-h culture supernatants were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantify T helper (Th)1 chemokines (IFN-inducible protein 10 and monokine induced by IFN-gamma), Th2 chemokines [macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC)] and proinflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1alpha and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha]. The expression of mRNA for these molecules was simultaneously assessed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The culture supernatants were also tested for their chemotactic activity for Th1 and Th2 cells. The two UVB sources were compared on the basis of their minimal erythemal doses and clinically used doses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although both NB-UVB and BB-UVB increased the production of IL-1alpha and TNF-alpha, the augmentative effect of NB-UVB was less than that of BB-UVB. Both wavelength ranges of UVB enhanced or had no effect on Th1 chemokine production, but suppressed the production of Th2 chemokines MDC and TARC. This was confirmed by chemotactic assay, which showed decreased chemotactic activity for Th2 cells by the culture supernatants from NB-UVB-irradiated keratinocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NB-UVB reduces the production of Th2 chemokines without excess production of proinflammatory cytokines, suggesting its therapeutic effectiveness on Th2-mediated skin disorders as well as its relative safety in clinical usage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan. hinoti@med.uoeh-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Orimo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimauchi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kabashima
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tokura
mesh_terms: D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha