title: Transposition of the biceps tendon to reduce lateral scapulohumeral luxation in three species of nondomestic ruminant.
abstract: Open reduction of lateral luxation of the scapulohumeral joint was performed in a Mhorr gazelle (Gazella dama mhorr), a southern pudu (Pudu puda), and an Alpine ibex (Capra ibex ibex) by transposition of the biceps brachii tendon lateral to the greater tubercle of the humerus. The ibex had a very large greater tubercle that required a second osteotomy to allow successful lateral transfer of the tendon. Although all three animals were non-weight bearing in the first 2-3 wk after surgery, ambulation improved at 3 wk and was almost normal by 6 wk after surgery. Postoperative follow-up of 8 yr, 7 mo, and 3 mo in the gazelle, pudu, and ibex, respectively, revealed normal ambulation with no gait deficits. The gazelle was euthanized 8 yr after surgery for unrelated disease and necropsy demonstrated mild to moderate degenerative joint disease. Similar lateral shoulder luxations in comparably sized, nondomestic ruminants, without concurrent fractures or significant joint abnormality, have a good prognosis for return to function after surgical reduction using a biceps tendon transposition.
authors.affiliation: Paul Harter Veterinary Medical Center, San Diego Wild Animal Park, 15500 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, California 92027, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: G Lynn
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Richardson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000866:Antelopes / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D012418:Ruminants / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D012540:Scapula; D012783:Shoulder Dislocation / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D013709:Tendon Transfer / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D016896:Treatment Outcome