Nonpharmaceutical influenza mitigation strategies, US communities, 1918-1920 pandemic.
We studied nonpharmaceutical interventions used to mitigate the second, and most deadly, wave of the 1918-1920 influenza pandemic in the United States. We conclude that several small communities implemented potentially successful attempts at preventing the introduction of influenza.
Markel
Howard
H
The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. howard@umich.edu
Stern
Alexandra M
AM
Navarro
J Alexander
JA
Michalsen
Joseph R
JR
Monto
Arnold S
AS
DiGiovanni
Cleto
C
D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000266:history* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000254:growth & development*; D011790:Quarantine / Q000266:history / Q000592:standards; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology