title: Characteristics and treatment outcome of patients requiring additional intravenous analgesia during extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy with Dornier Compact Delta Lithotriptor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of additional intravenous analgesia (besides oral analgesic premedication) on the treatment outcome in patients receiving extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) with Dornier Compact- Delta lithotriptor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred and twenty adults receiving SWL for solitary urinary stone of size </=10 mm were retrospectively reviewed. They received the same analgesic protocol--oral diclofenac 50 mg as premedication and additional intravenous bolus alfentanil if they experienced discomfort during ESWL. After reviewing the analgesic usage, they were divided into two groups, Group-A--received oral analgesic alone and Group-B--received both oral and additional intravenous analgesia during ESWL. Treatment outcome of the two groups was then compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 306 patients in Group-A and 214 patients in Group-B. The stone-free rates at 3-month for Group-A and -B were 38.2% and 44.9% respectively (P = 0.100). The re-treatment/auxiliary procedure rates for the Group-A and Group-B were 40.8%/12.7%, and 35.0%/18.2% respectively. The additional use of intravenous analgesia improved the effectiveness quotient by 17.7% [from 0.249 (Group-A) to 0.293(Group-B)].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The additional use of intravenous analgesia during SWL with Dornier Compact Delta lithotriptor resulted in improvement of effectiveness quotient.
authors.affiliation: Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4th floor, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, Hong Kong. ngcf@surgery.cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: Chi-Fai
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Trevor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tolley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015760:Alfentanil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000698:Analgesia; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000295:instrumentation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D015760:Alfentanil