title: CARRISMA: a new tool to improve risk stratification and guidance of patients in cardiovascular risk management in primary prevention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Risk stratification is important for decisions about the intensity of treatment in primary prevention. Risk factors and lifestyle factors are responsible for over 80% of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, body mass index (BMI), physical activity and smoking (cigarettes/day) are not or not quantitatively represented in the risk stratification system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CARdiovascular RISk MAnagement (CARRISMA) is a software program considering the prognostic impact of BMI, physical activity and cigarettes per day adjusted for age and sex based on multivariate regression analyses from the literature on top of one of the three major scores to improve risk stratification. The 10-year European Society of Cardiology Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) cardiovascular mortality risk for an intermediate risk region, e.g. increases from 3 to 6% by considering smoking of 30 cigarettes per day instead of just 'smoking' and by taking into account a BMI of 34. Whereas the 10-year ESC cardiovascular mortality risk of a 55-year-old active individual decreases from 5 to 3%, by considering a physical activity equivalent of 2100 kcal/week, the Framingham or PROspective CArdiovascular Münster (PROCAM) risks change accordingly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CARRISMA facilitates the application of knowledge of the current literature in the individual patient in a user-friendly manner allowing a more detailed and yet time-efficient risk stratification and risk management in primary prevention, particularly in the intermediate risk range.
authors.affiliation: Klinische Kardiologie II, Herz-Zentrum, Bad Krozingen, Germany. helmut.gohlke@herzzentrum.de
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gohlke
authors.forename: Moritz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: Marthin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karoff
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Held
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003658:Decision Making, Computer-Assisted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012907:Smoking; D012984:Software