title: Comparative effects of curcumin and its synthetic analogue on tissue lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status during nicotine-induced toxicity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tobacco consumption is one of the leading preventable causes of death and disease worldwide. Nicotine, a major toxic component of tobacco, has been identified as an important risk factor for lung-related diseases. Increasing evidence demonstrates that oxidative stress plays a crucial aetiological role in the development of lung-related diseases. The present study aims at evaluating the protective role of curcumin and a synthetic analogue of curcumin (BDMC-A) on nicotine-induced oxidative stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male albino rats of Wistar strain were used for the experimental study. Lung toxicity was induced by subcutaneous injection of nicotine at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight (five days a week, for 22 weeks) and curcuminoids were given simultaneously by intragastric intubation for 22 weeks. Measurement of lipid peroxidation indices, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and hydroperoxides, nitric oxide and antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, vitamin E and vitamin C, were used as biomarkers for testing the antioxidant potential of the drugs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oxidative stress, as evidenced by lipid peroxidation indices, was significantly increased in nicotine-treated groups. Administration of curcumin and BDMC-A abrogated this effect. The antioxidant status which was decreased in nicotine was effectively modulated by both curcumin and BDMC-A treatment. However, the reduction in oxidative stress was more pronounced in BDMC-A treatment groups compared to those treated with curcumin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study suggests that BDMC-A exerts its protective effect by modulating the extent of lipid peroxidation and augmenting the antioxidant defence system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, India.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kalpana
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sudheer
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Rajasekharan
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Menon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003474:Curcumin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine / Q000633:toxicity*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; C514299:bis-1,7-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione; D009538:Nicotine; D003474:Curcumin