Cigarette-smoke-induced vasoconstriction of peripheral arteries: evaluation by synchrotron radiation microangiography.
BACKGROUND
Although cigarette smoking is thought to constrict peripheral vessels, details have not been clarified because of the limitation of spatial resolution in conventional X-ray angiography systems. Synchrotron radiation microangiography can identify small arteries down to 50 microm in diameter.


RESULTS
Male Wistar rats (n=9) were made to smoke a cigarette using the modified Griffith snout exposure system. Angiography of the rat hind limb was performed before, during, and 15 min after smoking. Arteries were classified into 3 groups based on the pre-smoking diameter: Group S: <100 microm, Group M 100-200 microm, Group L: >200 microm). In Groups M and L, arteries were constricted with smoking (mean diameter 140-106 microm; p<0.001, 260-162 microm; p<0.00001, respectively), whereas no constriction was noted in Group S (82-83 microm). Constricted arteries in Groups M and L returned to pre-smoking levels at 15 min after cessation of smoking.


CONCLUSIONS
The acute changes brought about by cigarette smoking in rat peripheral arteries could be identified by synchrotron radiation microangiography. Cigarette smoking exclusively constricted arteries greater than 100 mum in diameter, which means there is vessel-size dependency of the impairment.
Akishima
Shinji
S
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ibaraki-higashi Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan. akishima-ths@umin.ac.jp
Matsushita
Shonosuke
S
Sato
Fujio
F
Hyodo
Kazuyuki
K
Imazuru
Tomohiro
T
Enomoto
Yoshiharu
Y
Noma
Mio
M
Hiramatsu
Yuji
Y
Shigeta
Osamu
O
Sakakibara
Yuzuru
Y
D000792:Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000098:blood supply; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017356:Synchrotrons; D014661:Vasoconstriction
D012906:Smoke