title: Early infections of Toxoplasma gondii and the later development of schizophrenia.
abstract: Early exposure to several infectious agents has been associated with the later development of schizophrenia. Two recent studies assessed in utero or early postnatal exposure to Toxoplasma gondii. In one study of 63 individuals, who developed schizophrenia spectrum disorders, maternal sera obtained during pregnancy showed an increased risk (OR 2.61) of having IgG antibodies to T. gondii. In the other study of 71 individuals who developed schizophrenia, sera obtained shortly after birth also showed an increased risk (OR 1.79) of having IgG antibodies to T. gondii. Causal linking mechanisms are at present speculative but include possible direct effects of maternal IgG on the developing central nervous system (CNS) of the offspring. Additional studies are underway.
authors.affiliation: The National Centre for Register-based Research, University of Aarhus, Taasingegade 1, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. pbm@ncrr.dk
authors.forename: Preben Bo
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Mortensen
authors.forename: Bent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nørgaard-Pedersen
authors.forename: Berit L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Waltoft
authors.forename: Tina L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hougaard
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Yolken
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood; D001921:Brain / Q000469:parasitology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000276:immunology; D016781:Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D014125:Toxoplasmosis, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D007074:Immunoglobulin G