title: Diagnostic value of differential expression of CK19, Galectin-3, HBME-1, ERK, RET, and p16 in benign and malignant follicular-derived lesions of the thyroid: an immunohistochemical tissue microarray analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several immunohistochemical markers have been used to aid in the diagnosis of follicular-derived lesions of the thyroid (FDLT). In this study we analyze the diagnostic efficacy of an immunopanel of antibodies to cytokeratin-19 (CK19), galectin-3 (GAL-3), HBME-1, anti-MAP kinase (ERK), ret-oncoprotein (RET), and p16 using a tissue microarray consisting of both benign and malignant FDLT.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study cohort consisted of 90 cases of FDLT (53 benign, 37 malignant) embedded in a microarray and immunostained with antibodies to CK19, Gal-3, HMBE-1, ERK, RET, and p16. Staining was scored as positive when >25% of the lesional cells showed positive immunostaining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HMBE-1 was expressed in 70% of malignant and 10% of benign FDLT (p value: <0.0001). CK19 and GAL-3 were positive in 70% and 73% of malignant lesions, respectively, and 34% of benign FDLT (p value 0.0005 and 0.0015, respectively). ERK was positive in 4% of the benign and 32% of the malignant cases (p value 0.0002). p16 was expressed in 2% and 46% of the benign and malignant lesions, respectively (p value 0.0001). RET positivity was identified in 15% of the benign lesions and 27% of the malignant cases (p value 0.0016).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HBME-1, ERK, and p16 were more specific for malignancy, whereas CK19 and GAL-3 stained benign lesions with a higher frequency and were not specific for malignant FDLT. RET-oncoprotein showed poor sensitivity and specificity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Barroeta
authors.forename: Z W
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Baloch
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lal
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Pasha
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: LiVolsi
mesh_terms: D018263:Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D037502:Galectin 3 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D037502:Galectin 3; D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; C432845:HBME-1 antigen; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm