title: Porosity and the effect of structural changes on the mechanical glass transition temperature.
abstract: Continuing an investigation on the fundamentals and applications of a recently proposed concept, i.e., the mechanical or network glass transition temperature, we now report data on the macrostructural changes in dehydrated apple tissue in relation to apparent porosity. Care was taken to keep the moisture content of the matrix constant (approximately 81%) while the volume fraction of total pores ranged from 0.38 to 0.79. Reproducible mechanical profiles identified the first derivative of shear storage modulus as a function of temperature to be the appropriate indicator of the mechanical Tg at the conjunction of the William-Landel-Ferry/free volume theory and the modified Arrhenius equation. Information on the microstructural characteristics and morphology of porous apple preparations was also made available via modulated differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The work reveals and discusses discrepancies in the Tg-porosity relationship obtained from calorimetry and mechanical analysis attributable to the different extent to which the two techniques respond to degrees of molecular mobility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Block S8, Level 5, Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543. chmsk@nus.edu.sg
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kasapis
authors.forename: Shyam S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Sablani
authors.forename: M Shafiur
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Insaf M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Al-Marhoobi
authors.forename: Issa S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Al-Amri
mesh_terms: D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D005898:Glass; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry*; D019563:Mechanics; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D044367:Phase Transition; D013816:Thermodynamics