title: Establishment of a canine spinal cord injury model induced by epidural balloon compression.
abstract: A model that provides reproducible, submaximal yet sufficient spinal cord injury is needed to allow experiments leading to development of therapeutic techniques and prediction of clinical outcome to be conducted. This study describes an experimental model for spinal cord injury that uses three different volumes of balloon inflation and durations of compression to create a controlled gradation outcome in adult dogs. Twenty-seven mongrel dogs were used for this study. A 3-french embolectomy catheter was inserted into the epidural space through a left hemilaminectomy hole at the L(4) vertebral arch. Balloons were then inflated with 50, 100, or 150 microgl of a contrast agent at the L1 level for 6, 12, or 24 h and spinal canal occlusion (SCO) measured using computed tomography. Olby score was used to evaluate the extent of spinal cord injury and a histopathologic examination was conducted 1 week after surgery. The SCO of the 50, 100, and 150 microgl inflations was 22-46%, 51-70%, and 75-89%, respectively (p < 0.05). Olby scores were diminished significantly by a combination of the level of SCO and duration of inflation in all groups. Olby scores in the groups of 150 microgl-12 h, 150 microgl-24 h, and 100 microgl-24 h were 0.5, 0, and 1.7, respectively. Based on these results, a SCO > 50% for 24 h, and > 75% for 12 h induces paraplegia up to a week after spinal cord injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Hey
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Chang Su
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Ye Eun
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Byeon
authors.forename: Wan Hee
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jung Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Kyung Sun
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Oh Kyeong
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Kweon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D004824:Epidural Space / Q000293:injuries; D013117:Spinal Cord Compression / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed