title: Immunohistochemical evaluation of endothelial cell adhesion molecules in human dental pulp: effects of tooth preparation and adhesive application.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studies have demonstrated that restorative procedures can initiate pulpal inflammation. Adhesion molecules on endothelial cells mediate the leukocyte-endothelium interaction, which is the fundamental event of inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible changes in the endothelial cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) of human dental pulp with tooth preparation, and after the application of one-step self-etch adhesive.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty healthy human premolars and third molars scheduled to be extracted for orthodontic reasons were randomly assigned to four experimental groups. Group 1 involved sound intact teeth representing the controls. In group 2, teeth were prepared for full crown and extracted within 2h. Groups 3 and 4 comprised the teeth coated with one-step self-etch adhesive, iBond Gluma inside following the preparation and extracted after 24 and 48h, respectively. Tissue distribution and staining intensity of CAMs including E-selectin, P-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and PECAM-1 was investigated in the pulp samples using monoclonal antibodies and the streptavidin-biotin-horse-radish immunoperoxidase procedure. The assessment of immunohistochemical reactions was performed by two independent observers using a semi-quantitative scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the CAMs evaluated were expressed by the healthy pulp tissues. Significant alterations in the distribution and staining intensity of CAMs were detected following tooth preparation. One-step self-etch adhesive tested in the present study induced inflammatory reactions in the pulp (P<0.05, Mann-Whitney U-test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It seems evident that tooth preparation for full crown and application of one-step self-etch adhesive on prepared teeth had a potential to interfere with the inflammatory response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bora
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bagis
authors.forename: Pergin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Atilla
authors.forename: Nur
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cakar
authors.forename: Ufuk
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hasanreisoglu
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000032:analysis*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000032:analysis; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005976:Glutaral / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000032:analysis; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000494:pharmacology; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D019231:Tooth Preparation, Prosthodontic / Q000379:methods*; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D004396:Coloring Agents; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D019040:E-Selectin; D019007:P-Selectin; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D019279:Resin Cements; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; C477386:iBond; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; C044372:Gluma; D005976:Glutaral