title: Ultrasonographic evaluation of the supraspinous ligament in a series of ridden and unridden horses and horses with unrelated back pathology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Injury to the supraspinous ligament (SSL) is reported to cause back pain in the horse. The diagnosis is based on clinical examination and confirmed by ultrasonographic examination. The ultrasonographic appearance of the supraspinous ligament has been well described, but there are few studies that correlate ultrasonographic findings with clinical pain and/or pathology. This preliminary study aims to test the hypothesis that unridden horses (n = 13) have a significantly reduced frequency of occurrence of ultrasonographic changes of the SSL consistent with a diagnosis of desmitis when compared to ridden horses (n = 13) and those with clinical signs of back pain (n = 13).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The supraspinous ligament of all horses was imaged between T(thoracic)6-T18 and ultrasonographic appearance. There was an average of 2.08 abnormal images per horse from the whole group. The average number of abnormalities in unridden horses was 4.92, in ridden horses 2.92 and in horses with clinical back pain 4.69. No lesions were found between T6 and T10 and 68% of lesions were found between T14 and T17. No significant difference (p < 0.05) was found between the three groups in the number or location of abnormal images.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The main conclusion was that every horse in this study (n = 39) had at least one site of SSL desmitis (range 2 to 11). It was clear that ultrasonographically diagnosed SSL desmitis cannot be considered as prima facie evidence of clinically significant disease and further evidence is required for a definitive diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK. fmdh1@cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: Frances M D
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Henson
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lamas
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Knezevic
authors.forename: Leo B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Jeffcott
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001416:Back Pain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006736:Horses; D008022:Ligaments / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D014463:Ultrasonography