title: Anesthetic concentrations in enclosed chambers using an innovative delivery device.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify factors influencing anesthetic concentration when an innovative anesthetic delivery device (vapor wand) was used with enclosed chambers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two experimental chambers (57.4 and 171 L) were constructed. Anesthetic volumes necessary to reach a target concentration of 3% or 5% isoflurane with complete vaporization were calculated for each chamber. After centering the distal end of the vapor wand and multi-orifice sampler, each chamber was sealed. Air (450 mL) was cycled through the vapor wand in a to-and-fro fashion with an electric, modified air pump at either 20 or 40 cycles minute(-1). Samples taken at 30-second intervals were analyzed for isoflurane concentration. Times to reach 2.8% isoflurane concentration were compared for eight treatment combinations replicated three times. Curves were constructed to display the rate of rise to endpoint concentration. Analysis of variance was applied to the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chamber size, pump stroke rate, and target isoflurane concentration all affected time to reach 2.8%, and their three-way interaction was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Generally time to 2.8% was less with small chambers, more rapid pumping and a target concentration of 5%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When a wild or aggressive animal is presented for clinical veterinary care, introduction of a vapor wand into its cage offers a safer, more convenient, and less stressful alternative for anesthesia than transfer to an induction chamber. By quantifying factors affecting the rate of rise of anesthetic concentration with its use in experimental chambers, this study should promote greater safety and predictability when used clinically. This information will be useful when anesthetic induction needs to be hastened or delayed depending on the responses of the patient and the clinical judgment of the anesthetist.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA. hodgson@vet.ksu.edu
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Hodgson
mesh_terms: D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000662:veterinary*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000502:physiology*; D004867:Equipment Design; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D007530:Isoflurane