Room-temperature quantum Hall effect in graphene.
The quantum Hall effect (QHE), one example of a quantum phenomenon that occurs on a truly macroscopic scale, has attracted intense interest since its discovery in 1980 and has helped elucidate many important aspects of quantum physics. It has also led to the establishment of a new metrological standard, the resistance quantum. Disappointingly, however, the QHE has been observed only at liquid-helium temperatures. We show that in graphene, in a single atomic layer of carbon, the QHE can be measured reliably even at room temperature, which makes possible QHE resistance standards becoming available to a broader community, outside a few national institutions.
Novoselov
K S
KS
Department of Physics, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
Jiang
Z
Z
Zhang
Y
Y
Morozov
S V
SV
Stormer
H L
HL
Zeitler
U
U
Maan
J C
JC
Boebinger
G S
GS
Kim
P
P
Geim
A K
AK