title: Nanotoxicity of iron oxide nanoparticle internalization in growing neurons.
abstract: Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have shown great promise for use as tools in a wide variety of biomedical applications, some of which require the delivery of large numbers of MNPs onto or into the cells of interest. Here we develop a quantifiable model cell system and show that intracellular delivery of even moderate levels of iron oxide (Fe(2)O(3)) nanoparticles may adversely affect cell function. More specifically, we show that exposure to increasing concentrations of anionic MNPs, from 0.15 to 15 mm of iron, results in a dose-dependent diminishing viability and capacity of PC12 cells to extend neurites in response to their putative biological cue, i.e. nerve growth factor. The cytotoxicity results of biomaterials in our model system imply that more study into the acute and long-term effects of cellular Fe(2)O(3) internalization is both warranted and necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. tomp@magnes.com
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Pisanic
authors.forename: Jennifer D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Blackwell
authors.forename: Veronica I
authors.initials: VI
authors.lastname: Shubayev
authors.forename: Rita R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Fiñones
authors.forename: Sungho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000633:toxicity; D002470:Cell Survival; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D008280:Magnetics; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D005290:Ferric Compounds; C000499:ferric oxide; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor