Evacuation support system for improved medical documentation and information flow in the field.
OBJECTIVE
Documentation of medical treatment and observation of patients during evacuation from the point of injury to definitive treatment is important both for optimizing patient treatment and managing the evacuation process. The current practice in military medical field documentation uses paper forms and voice communication. There are many shortcomings associated with this approach, especially with respect to information capture and sharing processes. Current research addresses the use of new technology for civilian ambulance-to-hospital communication. The research work presented in this article addresses information capture and sharing in extreme military conditions by evaluating a targeted computerized information system called EvacSys during a military exercise in northern Norway in December 2003.


METHODS
EvacSys was designed and implemented in close cooperation with military medical personnel in both Norway and the USA. The system was evaluated and compared to the traditional paper-based documentation method during a military exercise. The on-site evaluation was conducted in a military medical platoon in the Norwegian Armed Forces, using questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, observation and video recording to capture the users' system acceptance.


RESULTS
A prototype software system running on a commercial off-the-shelf hardware platform was successfully developed. The evaluation of this system shows that the usability of digital information capturing and sharing are perceived to be at least as good as the traditional paper-based method. The medics found the new digital method to be more viable than the old one. No technical problems were encountered.


CONCLUSIONS
Our research shows that it is feasible to utilize digital information systems for medical documentation in extreme outdoor environments. The usability concern is of utmost importance, and more research should be put into the design and alignment with existing workflow. Successful digitalization of information at the point of care will provide accurate and timely information for the management of resources during disaster response.
Walderhaug
Ståle
S
SINTEF ICT, SP Andersensvei 15b, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway. stale.walderhaug@sintef.no
Meland
Per Håkon
PH
Mikalsen
Marius
M
Sagen
Terje
T
Brevik
John Ivar
JI
D003199:Computer Systems; D004282:Documentation; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D019451:Information Management; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized; D008889:Military Personnel; D009664:Norway; D018635:Rescue Work / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013673:Technology Assessment, Biomedical; D014481:United States; D014857:Warfare