title: The effect of additives on the treatment of oil-in-water emulsions by vacuum evaporation.
abstract: A simple batch vacuum evaporation process for the treatment of several oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions is reported. The experiments were carried out with waste emulsions from an industrial copper rolling process and with model emulsions prepared in the laboratory. No detailed information on the formulation of the industrial waste O/W emulsions was available. Several model emulsions were formulated using the same base oil (an 85-15% (w/w) mixture of a synthetic poly-alpha-olefin and a trimethylol propane trioleate ester, respectively) and one of the three following surfactants: Brij-76 (polyethylene glycol octadecyl ether, non-ionic), CTAB (hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, cationic), and Oleth-10 (glycolic acid ethoxylate oleyl ether, anionic). Experimental results show a strong influence of operating conditions, such as pressure or bath temperature, on the evaporation performance. As a general trend, the higher the values of these parameters, the higher the pollutant content in the obtained aqueous effluent. The presence of surfactants increase the evaporation rate, especially at low operating vacuum pressures, the solubility of oil molecules in water and the evaporation temperature of model O/W emulsions. Furthermore, COD reductions higher than 99.5% for the treated waste O/W emulsions were achieved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cambiella
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Benito
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pazos
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Coca
mesh_terms: D003300:Copper; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry*; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008669:Metallurgy; D009821:Oils / Q000737:chemistry; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature; D014618:Vacuum; D014835:Volatilization; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D007220:Industrial Waste; D009821:Oils; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014867:Water; D003300:Copper