title: Cytologic diagnosis of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma presenting as an orbital mass. A case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasizing to the orbit is extremely rare. In the 13 cases reported in the English-langnage literature, the diagnosis was confirmed by fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology only once. This is the second such case to be diagnosed by FNA cytology and the first to be reported from the Indian subcontinent.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 76-year-old woman presented with progressive proptosis, bulging of the globe and loss of vision in the right eye. Clinical and radiologic evidence favored a primary orbital tumor with liver metastasis. Cytologic examination of aspirated material from the orbital and liver masses showed features similar to those of HCC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recognition of the cytologic features of HCC permits its diagnosis in metastatic sites. FNA can be employed as an effective tool for diagnosing HCC at metastatic sites, especially when biopsy is technically difficult.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka State, India. srirang72@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Rangarajan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: Geetha
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Krishnanand
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*; D005094:Exophthalmos / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*