title: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone type II antagonists induce apoptotic cell death in human endometrial and ovarian cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: In human endometrial and ovarian cancers, gonadotropin-releasing hormone type I (GnRH-I), GnRH-II, and their receptors are parts of a negative autocrine regulatory system of cell proliferation. Based on a tumor-specific signal transduction, GnRH-I and GnRH-II agonists inhibit the mitogenic signal transduction of growth factor receptors and related oncogene products associated with tyrosine kinase activity via activation of a phosphotyrosine phosphatase resulting in down-regulation of cancer cell proliferation. Induction of apoptosis is not involved. In this study, we show that treatment of human endometrial and ovarian cancer cells with GnRH-II antagonists results in apoptotic cell death via dose-dependent activation of caspase-3. The antitumor effects of the GnRH-II antagonists could be confirmed in nude mice. GnRH-II antagonists inhibited the growth of xenotransplants of human endometrial and ovarian cancers in nude mice significantly, without any apparent side effects. Thus, GnRH-II antagonists seem to be suitable drugs for an efficacious and less toxic endocrine therapy for endometrial and ovarian cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch-Street 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fister
authors.forename: Andreas R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Günthert
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Emons
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gründker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D037342:Pertussis Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011966:Receptors, LHRH / Q000378:metabolism; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: C484844:GNRHR protein, human; C427484:GNRHR2 protein, human; D011966:Receptors, LHRH; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; C047717:LHRH, His(5)-Trp(7)-Tyr(8)-; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D053148:Caspase 3