title: Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling is involved in suramin-induced neurite outgrowth in a neuronal cell line.
abstract: Suramin is a well-known antitrypanosomal drug and a novel experimental agent for the treatment of several cancers. Previous study showed that suramin is an activator of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) signaling in several cell lines including Chinese hamster ovary cells, although the physiological relevance of this activation remains uncertain. Here, it was shown that suramin enhances neurite outgrowth concomitant with activation of ERK1/2 in Neuro-2a cells, a neuronal cell line. These neurite outgrowth and ERK1/2 activation were significantly inhibited by PD98059, an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, as well as by activation of endogenous adenosine A2A receptors. The suramin-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was also inhibited by inhibitors of Src family kinases. This attenuation of ERK1/2 activity was accompanied by a significant decrease in suramin-induced neurite outgrowth. These results suggest that suramin activates the Src/ERK1/2 signaling pathway that induces neurite outgrowth, both of which are negatively regulated by cAMP produced in response to activation of endogenous adenosine A2A receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cell Signaling, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8526, Japan. nakata@tmin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakata
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D058908:Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D016501:Neurites / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013498:Suramin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D058908:Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists; D005419:Flavonoids; D010627:Phenethylamines; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents; C061282:2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine; D013498:Suramin; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D019061:src-Family Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D000241:Adenosine; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one