title: Changes in causes of death in systemic sclerosis, 1972-2002.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Survival of scleroderma has changed since the renal crisis treatment has become possible.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To document the changes in survival and organ system causes of mortality in systemic sclerosis (SSc) over the past 25 years in patients from a single medical centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients evaluated at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA between 1 January 1972 and 31 December 1996 were studied. Survival was determined in five 5-year time periods between 1972 and 1997. Causes of death included scleroderma-related (scleroderma renal crisis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis (PF), gastrointestinal (GI), heart and multiorgan failure) and non-scleroderma-related (cancer, atherosclerotic cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, infection, sudden death, other and unknown) causes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 10-year survival improved steadily from 54% to 66% during each of the time intervals. There was a significant improvement in survival for patients during 1982-91 compared with those during 1972-81 (p<0.001), even when patients with renal crisis were excluded (p<0.005). The frequency of deaths due to renal crisis significantly decreased over the 30-year time period, from 42% to 6% of scleroderma-related deaths (p<0.001), whereas the proportion of patients with scleroderma who died of PF increased from 6% to 33% (p<0.001). The frequency of pulmonary hypertension, independent of PF, also significantly increased during this time period (p<0.05). There were no changes in scleroderma GI- and heart-related deaths, nor in any of the non-scleroderma-related causes, although patients with scleroderma were less likely to die from scleroderma-related problems in the past 15 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The change in the pattern of scleroderma-related deaths over the past 30 years demonstrates that the lung (both pulmonary hypertension and PF) is the primary cause of scleroderma-related deaths today. It is important that aggressive searches continue to develop better therapies for these severe pulmonary complications of SSc.
authors.affiliation: Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA. steenv@georgetown.edu
authors.forename: Virginia D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Steen
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Medsger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D010414:Pennsylvania / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality*; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors