title: Investigation of thin filament near-neighbour regulatory unit interactions during force development in skinned cardiac and skeletal muscle.
abstract: Ca(2+)-dependent activation of striated muscle involves cooperative interactions of cross-bridges and thin filament regulatory proteins. We investigated how interactions between individual structural regulatory units (RUs; 1 tropomyosin, 1 troponin, 7 actins) influence the level and rate of demembranated (skinned) cardiac muscle force development by exchanging native cardiac troponin (cTn) with different ratio mixtures of wild-type (WT) cTn and cTn containing WT cardiac troponin T/I + cardiac troponin C (cTnC) D65A (a site II inactive cTnC mutant). Maximal Ca(2+)-activated force (F(max)) increased in less than a linear manner with WT cTn. This contrasts with results we obtained previously in skeletal fibres (using sTnC D28A, D65A) where F(max) increased in a greater than linear manner with WT sTnC, and suggests that Ca(2+) binding to each functional Tn activates < 7 actins of a structural regulatory unit in cardiac muscle and > 7 actins in skeletal muscle. The Ca(2+) sensitivity of force and rate of force redevelopment (k(tr)) was leftward shifted by 0.1-0.2 -log [Ca(2+)] (pCa) units as WT cTn content was increased, but the slope of the force-pCa relation and maximal k(tr) were unaffected by loss of near-neighbour RU interactions. Cross-bridge inhibition (with butanedione monoxime) or augmentation (with 2 deoxy-ATP) had no greater effect in cardiac muscle with disruption of near-neighbour RU interactions, in contrast to skeletal muscle fibres where the effect was enhanced. The rate of Ca(2+) dissociation was found to be > 2-fold faster from whole cardiac Tn compared with skeletal Tn. Together the data suggest that in cardiac (as opposed to skeletal) muscle, Ca(2+) binding to individual Tn complexes is insufficient to completely activate their corresponding RUs, making thin filament activation level more dependent on concomitant Ca(2+) binding at neighbouring Tn sites and/or crossbridge feedback effects on Ca(2+) binding affinity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Todd E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Gillis
authors.forename: Donald A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Martyn
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Regnier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D002118:Calcium