title: A population pharmacokinetic approach to ceftazidime use in burn patients: influence of glomerular filtration, gender and mechanical ventilation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the disposition of ceftazidime in burn patients using a population pharmacokinetic approach, and to identify the clinical and biological parameters influencing its pharmacokinetics.
  
  
  METHODS
  The development of the pharmacokinetic model was based on 237 serum ceftazidime concentrations from 50 burn patients. The determination of the pharmacokinetic parameters and the selection of covariates were performed using a nonlinear mixed-effect modelling method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A two-compartment model with first order elimination incorporating a proportional error model best fitted the data. Ceftazidime clearance (CL, l h(-1)) was significantly correlated with creatinine clearance (CL(CR)), and the distribution volume of the peripheral compartment (V2, l) was correlated with gender, mechanical ventilation and the CL(CR). The final model was defined by the following equations: Ceftazidime clearance was 6.1 and 5.7 l h(-1) for mechanically ventilated males and females, respectively, and 7.2 and 6.6 l h(-1) for nonventilated patients. The total volume of distribution was 31.6 and 49.4 l for mechanically ventilated males and females, respectively, and 22.8 and 28.1 l h (-1)for nonventilated patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have shown that gender, mechanical ventilation and CL(CR) significantly influence the disposition of ceftazidime in burn patients. Interindividual variability in the pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime was significant and emphasizes the need for therapeutic monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Service de Réanimation, Hôpital de Rangueil, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Jean Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Conil
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Georges
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lavit
authors.forename: Jacky
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laguerre
authors.forename: Kamram
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Samii
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Houin
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saivin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002056:Burns / Q000378:metabolism*; D002442:Ceftazidime / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002442:Ceftazidime