title: Salmeterol and fluticasone propionate and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Long-acting beta-agonists and inhaled corticosteroids are used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but their effect on survival is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a randomized, double-blind trial comparing salmeterol at a dose of 50 microg plus fluticasone propionate at a dose of 500 microg twice daily (combination regimen), administered with a single inhaler, with placebo, salmeterol alone, or fluticasone propionate alone for a period of 3 years. The primary outcome was death from any cause for the comparison between the combination regimen and placebo; the frequency of exacerbations, health status, and spirometric values were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 6112 patients in the efficacy population, 875 died within 3 years after the start of the study treatment. All-cause mortality rates were 12.6% in the combination-therapy group, 15.2% in the placebo group, 13.5% in the salmeterol group, and 16.0% in the fluticasone group. The hazard ratio for death in the combination-therapy group, as compared with the placebo group, was 0.825 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.681 to 1.002; P=0.052, adjusted for the interim analyses), corresponding to a difference of 2.6 percentage points or a reduction in the risk of death of 17.5%. The mortality rate for salmeterol alone or fluticasone propionate alone did not differ significantly from that for placebo. As compared with placebo, the combination regimen reduced the annual rate of exacerbations from 1.13 to 0.85 and improved health status and spirometric values (P<0.001 for all comparisons with placebo). There was no difference in the incidence of ocular or bone side effects. The probability of having pneumonia reported as an adverse event was higher among patients receiving medications containing fluticasone propionate (19.6% in the combination-therapy group and 18.3% in the fluticasone group) than in the placebo group (12.3%, P<0.001 for comparisons between these treatments and placebo).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reduction in death from all causes among patients with COPD in the combination-therapy group did not reach the predetermined level of statistical significance. There were significant benefits in all other outcomes among these patients. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00268216 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, United Kingdom. pmacal@liverpool.ac.uk
authors.forename: Peter M A
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Calverley
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Bartolome
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Celli
authors.forename: Gary T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Julie C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Yates
authors.forename: Jørgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vestbo
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000368:Aged; D000420:Albuterol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D000068298:Fluticasone; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D012306:Risk; D000068299:Salmeterol Xinafoate; D012907:Smoking; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D000730:Androstadienes; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D000068299:Salmeterol Xinafoate; D000068298:Fluticasone; D000420:Albuterol