title: Antimalarial properties of Goniothalamin in combination with chloroquine against Plasmodium yoelii and Plasmodium berghei growth in mice.
abstract: Malaria is a disease which is still endemic and has become a disastrous scourge because of the emergence of antimalarial drug resistant Plasmodium falciparum. A new approach in addressing this is in developing a combination drug. This study is to show the enhancement of antimalarial properties, when single compound, goniothalamin combine with standard drug, chloroquine. Based on 4 Day Test, percentage of parasite growth on treated infected mice were determined. Oral treatment with 1 mg/kg BW of chloroquine on experimental mice suppressed 70% and 76.7% of both Plasmodium yoelii and Plasmodium berghei, respectively. The infection of P. berghei in mice was inhibited less than 50% by goniothalamin individual treatment at all doses in this study. About 27.8% and 18.5% inhibition of infection were observed in P. yoelii infected mice treated with 30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg of goniothalamin respectively and the suppression exceed more than 50% at higher doses (90 and 120 mg/kg). Combination of 1 mg/kg chloroquine with either 30 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg of goniothalamin decreased the parasitemia of P. yoelii infected mice more than 90% and prolong the survival up to 100% after treatment. Similar treatment to P. berghei infected mice only shows about 60% reduction of parasitemia. The study findings showed that antimalarial property of goniothalamin was enhanced by combination with chloroquine at lower dose of each drug.
authors.affiliation: Herbal Medicine Research Center, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ridzuan@imr.gov.my
authors.forename: M A R
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mohd Ridzuan
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ruenruetai
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Noor Rain
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khozirah
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zakiah
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D008288:Malaria / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051379:Mice; D018512:Parasitemia / Q000188:drug therapy; D010962:Plasmodium berghei / Q000187:drug effects*; D010967:Plasmodium yoelii / Q000187:drug effects*; D011753:Pyrones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D011753:Pyrones; C103280:goniothalamin; D002738:Chloroquine