title: Objective risk definition for endometrial lesion spectrum: a diagnostic algorithm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Investigations for risk definition in endometrial lesion spectrum still go on. In this study, molecular, morphometric, immunohistochemical techniques were combined with conventional morphology to realize whether an algorithm is definable for risk assessment to progress an invasive carcinoma in endometrial glandular lesion spectrum is possible.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was carried out on 20 benign endometria, 35 hyperplasias, and 20 adenocarcinoma cases. Clonality of glandular cells, the volume percent of endometrial stroma (VPS), PTEN inactivation, and proliferative index (PI) were evaluated. Statistical analysis was evaluated to set an objective algorithm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All benign tissues had polyclonal (PC), whereas all malignant tissues had monoclonal (MC) glandular epithelium. Of hyperplasias, 19 were MC, and 16 were PC. VPS value of 55% had 100% sensitivity, and 80% specificity (n=67) to distinguish MC from PC. Neither PTEN nor PI data augmented the specificity or the sensitivity of clonal distinction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clonality and VPS values were found to be significant in differential of endometrial lesions. With this rationale, a diagnostic algorithm for endometrial risk lesions was set. This algorithm is based on HE morphology, VPS and clonality findings, and has 100% sensitivity and specificity to discriminate neoplastic endometrium from hyperplasia.
authors.affiliation: Gulhane Medical Academy, Haydarpasa Teaching Hospital, Department of Pathology, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Baloglu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haholu
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Berber
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yildirim
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Ergur
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D018269:Carcinoma, Endometrioid / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D014591:Uterine Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human