title: [The risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in females in Chinese rural areas].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in females in Chinese rural areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on a national multi-center, population-based and cross-sectional survey on prevalence of COPD in seven provinces/cities of China, an analysis on the risk factors for the rural females was conducted in six areas, e.g. Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Liaoning, Tianjin and Shanxi. In the national survey, for each area, one rural and one urban cluster samples were randomly selected using a multi-stage strategy. Residents who were 40 years old or older were interviewed with questionnaires and tested with spirometry. The post-bronchodilators forced expired volume in one second to forced vital capacity ratio (FEV(1)/FVC) x 100% < 70% was used as diagnostic criteria of COPD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average prevalence of COPD in females in the six Chinese rural areas was 5.4%. The prevalence varied with risk factor exposure among different areas, and the prevalence in Guangdong province was the highest among all areas. Logistic regression model was conducted, and statistical association of COPD was found with a family history of respiratory diseases (OR = 2.46, 95% CI = 1.86 - 3.26), frequent coughing during childhood (frequent coughing vs never coughing: OR = 3.93, 95% CI = 2.02 - 7.63), lower body mass index (lower body mass index vs normal body mass index: OR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.47 - 3.29), age (70 years or older vs 40 - 49 years: OR = 8.98, 95% CI = 5.90 - 13.67), smoking (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.20 - 2.35), exposure to occupational dusts (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.07 - 1.96), worse ventilation in kitchen room (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.06 - 2.03) and lower educational level (OR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.38 - 3.46).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of COPD in females in rural areas was associated with multiple factors and prevention of COPD for Chinese women in rural areas is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou 510120, China. pxran@gzhmc.edu.cn
authors.forename: Pi-xin
authors.initials: PX
authors.lastname: Ran
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wan-zhen
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Shao-guang
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Bao-yuan
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chang-zheng
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Dian-Tao
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Yu-min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Sheng-ming
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiao-ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Da-li
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jia-chun
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lü
authors.forename: Jin-ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Nan-shan
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Zhong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012423:Rural Health; D012494:Sampling Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires