title: Population genetic studies of Alouatta caraya (Alouattinae, Primates): inferences on geographic distribution and ecology.
abstract: Cytochrome b DNA sequence data (ca. 1,140 bp) of 44 Alouatta caraya, including 42 specimens from three localities of Brazil and two from Bolivia, were used for phylogenetic reconstructions and population studies. Seventeen haplotypes were identified, eight of which were present in more than one individual. Seven of these eight haplotypes were shared by individuals from a same locality and one by individuals from two localities. We found 26 variable sites along the entire gene, consisting of 18 transitions and eight transversions; most replacements occurring at the third codon position (65.39%) in contrast to first and second positions (26.92 and 7.69%, respectively). In the sample collected at Chapada dos Guimarães (Brazil), nucleotide and haplotype diversity estimates were pi=0.002325 and h=0.8772, respectively. Maximum parsimony analysis grouped all haplotypes in two clades, separating Bolivian haplotypes from Brazilian haplotypes, the grouping of which did not show a straightforward correspondence with geographic distribution. Median-joining and TCS network pointed to haplotypes 11 or 12 as the most likely ancestral ones. Mismatch distribution and the goodness-of-fit test (SSD estimate=0.0027; P=0.6999) indicated that the population from Chapada dos Guimarães experienced a demographic expansion, in agreement with the median-joining star-like pattern, although this finding could not be confirmed by Fu's F(s) test.
authors.affiliation: Pos-graduate Programme in Molecular and Cell Biology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabrícia F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Do Nascimento
authors.forename: Cibele R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Bonvicino
authors.forename: Héctor N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Seuánez
mesh_terms: D000508:Alouatta / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D001838:Bolivia; D001938:Brazil; D045303:Cytochromes b / Q000235:genetics*; D004463:Ecology; D005260:Female; D005828:Genetics, Population; D005843:Geography; D006239:Haplotypes; D008297:Male; D010802:Phylogeny
chemical_list: D045303:Cytochromes b