title: Primary stability of simultaneously placed dental implants in extraoral donor graft sites: a human cadaver study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the primary stability of dental implants placed in fibula, iliac crest, and scapula of human cadavers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Straumann Dental Implants (Institut Straumann, Basel, Switzerland) 4.1 mmx10 mm in diameter were placed into bilateral fibula, iliac crest, and scapula of 4 fresh human cadavers. For the assessment of primary stability of implants, installation torque values (ITV) and removal torque values (RTV) were measured using a custom-made strain-gauged torque wrench, and resonance frequency analysis was carried out to quantify the implant stability quotients (ISQ). Bone specimens from each donor site were harvested to perform radiographic and histomorphometric analyses. Linear distance and optical density (OD) measurements were made on digitized parallel periapical radiographs and bone area fraction (BAF) was calculated on digitized images of decalcified histologic sections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fibula donor site presented higher ITVs and RTVs and cortical bone height for implants than other sites (P<.05). BAF measurements for iliac crest were higher than fibula and scapula bone donor sites. OD was higher in the iliac crest followed by scapula and fibula.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The primary mechanical stability of implants placed in the fibula is higher than those placed in the iliac crest and the scapula, although the bone mass and density around implants in latter sites are higher.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akkocaoglu
authors.forename: Murat Cavit
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Cehreli
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tekdemir
authors.forename: Ayhan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Comert
authors.forename: Elif
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Güzel
authors.forename: Attila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dağdeviren
authors.forename: Kivanc
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akca
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015519:Bone Density; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000502:physiology*; D002102:Cadaver; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D017268:Dental Prosthesis Retention; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D005260:Female; D005360:Fibula / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007085:Ilium / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016348:Osseointegration; D012540:Scapula / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D019415:Torque; D014732:Vibration