title: Dual endothelin receptor blockade acutely improves insulin sensitivity in obese patients with insulin resistance and coronary artery disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endothelin (ET)-1 is a vasoconstrictor and proinflammatory peptide that may inhibit glucose uptake. The objective of the study was to investigate if ET (selective ET(A) and dual ET(A)+ET(B)) receptor blockade improves insulin sensitivity in patients with insulin resistance and coronary artery disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven patients (aged 58 +/- 2 years) with insulin resistance and coronary artery disease completed three hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp protocols: a control clamp (saline infusion), during ET(A) receptor blockade (BQ123), and during combined ET(A) (BQ123) and ET(B) receptor blockade (BQ788). Splanchnic blood flow (SBF) and renal blood flow (RBF) were determined by infusions of cardiogreen and p-aminohippurate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total-body glucose uptake (M) differed between the clamp protocols with the highest value in the BQ123+BQ788 clamp (P < 0.05). The M value corrected by insulin was higher in the BQ123+BQ788 than in the control clamp (P < 0.01) or the BQ123 clamp (P < 0.05). There was no difference between the control clamp and the BQ123 clamp. Mean arterial pressure did not change during the control clamp, whereas it decreased during both the BQ123 (P < 0.01) and BQ123+BQ788 (P < 0.05) clamps. RBF increased and renal vascular resistance decreased in the BQ123+BQ788 clamp (P < 0.05) but not in the BQ123 clamp. There was no change in SBF in either clamp.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dual ET(A)+ET(B) receptor blockade acutely enhances insulin sensitivity in patients with insulin resistance and coronary artery disease, indicating an important role for endogenous ET-1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Gunvor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ahlborg
authors.forename: Alexey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shemyakin
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Böhm
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gonon
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pernow
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D007328:Insulin; D009842:Oligopeptides; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D010880:Piperidines; C086539:BQ 788; C072247:cyclo(Trp-Asp-Pro-Val-Leu)