title: Atrial natriuretic peptide inhibits the production of adipokines and cytokines linked to inflammation and insulin resistance in human subcutaneous adipose tissue.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increased adipose tissue secretion of adipokines and cytokines has been implicated in the chronic low-grade inflammation state and insulin resistance associated with obesity. We tested here whether the cardiovascular and metabolic hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was able to modulate adipose tissue secretion of several adipokines (derived from adipocytes) and cytokines (derived from adipose tissue macrophages).
  
  
  METHODS
  We used protein array to measure the secretion of adipokines and cytokines after a 24-h culture of human subcutaneous adipose tissue pieces treated or not with a physiological concentration of ANP. The effect of ANP on protein secretion was also directly studied on isolated adipocytes and macrophages. Gene expression was measured by real-time RT-quantitative PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ANP decreased the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha, of several chemokines, and of the adipokines leptin and retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4). The secretion of the anti-inflammatory molecules IL-10 and adiponectin remained unaffected. The cytokines were mainly expressed in macrophages that expressed all components of the ANP-dependent signalling pathway. The adipokines, leptin, adiponectin and RBP-4 were specifically expressed in mature adipocytes. ANP directly inhibited the secretion of IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 by macrophages. The inhibitory effects of ANP on leptin and growth-related oncogene-alpha secretions were not seen under selective hormone-sensitive lipase inhibition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggest that ANP, either by direct action on adipocytes and macrophages or through activation of adipocyte hormone-sensitive lipase, inhibits the secretion of factors involved in inflammation and insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U586, Obesity Research Unit, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moro
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Klimcakova
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lolmède
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berlan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lafontan
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stich
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bouloumié
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Galitzky
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arner
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Langin
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008264:Macrophages / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D050177:Overweight; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D016207:Cytokines; D012313:RNA; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor