title: Why African-American women are at greater risk for pregnancy-related death.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our study aim was to identify factors that may contribute to the racial disparity in pregnancy-related mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined differences in severity of disease, comorbidities, and receipt of care among 608 (304 African-American and 304 white) consecutive patients of non-Hispanic ethnicity with one of three pregnancy-related morbidities (pregnancy-related hypertension, puerperal infection, and hemorrhage) from hospitals selected at random from a statewide region.
  
  
  RESULTS
  African-American women had more severe hypertension, lower hemoglobin concentrations preceding hemorrhage, more antepartum hospital admissions, and a higher rate of obesity. The rate of surgical intervention for hemorrhage was lower among African-Americans, although the severity of hemorrhage did not differ between the two racial groups. More African-American women received eclampsia prophylaxis. After stratifying by severity of hypertension, we found that more African-Americans received antihypertensive therapy. The rate of enrollment for prenatal care was lower in the African-American group. Among women receiving prenatal care, African-American women enrolled significantly later in their pregnancies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have identified racial differences in severity of disease, comorbidities, and care status among women with pregnancy-related complications that would place African-Americans at disadvantage to survive pregnancy. These differences are potentially modifiable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. mharper@wfubmc.edu
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dugan
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Espeland
authors.forename: Anibal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martinez-Borges
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mcquellon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008428:Maternal Mortality; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality*; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data