title: Expert-type knowledge structure in medical students is associated with increased odds of diagnostic success.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The relation between knowledge structure and diagnostic performance is unclear. Similarly, variables affecting knowledge structure are poorly understood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The 1st objective was to examine the relation between concepts in knowledge structure and diagnostic performance. The 2nd objective was to examine the relation between the use of diagnostic schemes by small-group preceptors and knowledge structure of medical students.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study of 1st-year medical students in 4 clinical presentations: hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, and metabolic alkalosis. The 1st dependent variable was diagnostic success with the number of expert-type concepts in knowledge structure (determined by concept sorting), diagnostic scheme use by preceptors, and clinical presentation as independent variables. The 2nd dependent variable was the number of expert-type concepts in knowledge structure with diagnostic scheme use by preceptors and clinical presentation as independent variables. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic and linear regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty 1st-year medical students participated. After adjusting for clinical presentation and scheme use by preceptors, the number of expert-type concepts in knowledge structure was associated with increased odds of diagnostic success (odds ratio 1.18 [1.03, 1.35], p = .016). After adjustment for clinical presentation, scheme use by preceptors was associated with increased number of expert-type concepts in knowledge structure (2.22 vs. 1.86, p = .01, d = 0.23).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The number of expert-type concepts in knowledge structure is associated with increased odds of diagnostic success. Scheme use by small-group preceptors is associated with an increased number of expert-type concepts in knowledge structure.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. kevin.mclaughlin@calgaryhealthregion.ca
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coderre
authors.forename: Garth
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mortis
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mandin
mesh_terms: D002170:Canada; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004521:Educational Measurement; D006801:Humans; D019359:Knowledge; D007858:Learning; D011231:Preceptorship / Q000379:methods; D011340:Problem Solving; D012577:Schools, Medical; D013337:Students, Medical; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods