title: Television viewing is associated with prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Hispanic elders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined associations between television viewing and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among a representative sample of Caribbean-origin Hispanic elders living in Massachusetts.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 350 Puerto Rican and 105 Dominican elders (> or = 60 years). Information on television viewing hours was collected by a questionnaire. The metabolic syndrome was defined by using the definition from the National Cholesterol Education Program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalences for the metabolic syndrome were 50.1 and 56.9% among Puerto Ricans and Dominicans, respectively. Of the subjects, 82.6% had high blood pressure and 61.4% had high fasting glucose. Prevalence of the syndrome was significantly associated with television viewing. Each additional hour of television viewing was associated with a 19% greater likelihood of having the metabolic syndrome (odds ratio [OR] 1.19, 95% CI 1.1-1.3, P for trend 0.002), after adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, BMI, education, alcohol use, smoking, household arrangement, physical activity, intake of energy and fat, and activities-of-daily-living score. We did not observe significant interactions of television viewing with sex, smoking status, alcohol use, or BMI (P for interaction > 0.15 for all) in relation to presence of the metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in a representative sample of Caribbean-origin Hispanic elders was associated with prolonged television viewing, independent of physical activity and energy intake. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the causality of this relationship.
authors.affiliation: Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA at Tufts University, 711 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111-1524, USA.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Miriam E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Katherine L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Tucker
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D017691:Caribbean Region / Q000208:ethnology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004041:Dietary Fats; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts / Q000453:epidemiology; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D013690:Television
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats