title: [Palliative treatment of primary lung tumors with transpulmonary chemoembolization (TPCE)].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate transpulmonary chemoembolization (TPCE) as a symptomatic palliative method for treating inoperable primary lung tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 2002 to 2005, 17 patients (17 males, 3 females; average age: 64.5 years) suffering from primary lung tumors were treated in 3.6 sessions (range: 2 to 8) using TPCE. The patients had the following primary tumors: adenocarcinoma (n = 6), pleural mesothelioma (n = 2), squamous cell carcinoma (n = 1), small cell carcinoma (n = 1), and non-small cell carcinoma (n = 7). After femoral vein puncture, tumor-supplying pulmonary arteries were selectively explored, and 5 - 10 mg mitomycin C and 5 - 10 mL lipiodol and microsphere particles (Spherex) (20 - 70 microm in diameter) were applied with balloon protection. Diagnosis and follow-up were performed in 4-week intervals with unenhanced and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT). The mean follow-up was 11.3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment was well tolerated by all patients with no major side effects or complications. The laboratory parameters were not significantly influenced. 11.8 % of the patients (n = 2) showed high or moderate lipiodol uptake, and 76.5 % (n = 13) showed low lipiodol uptake. After evaluation of morphologic criteria, a mean volume regression of 12.1 ml (40.4 %) of the embolized areas was achieved in four patients (23.5 %), while a constant value was identified during follow-up for seven patients (41.2 %). In six patients (35.3 %), progression of the treated lung tumors was recorded. The tumor increased by a mean of 38.37 ml (165.38 %).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TPCE is a well-tolerated palliative treatment option for patients with primary lung tumors.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, J. W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt. T.vogl@em.uni-frankfurt.de
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Vogl
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Herzog
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zangos
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lindemayr
mesh_terms: D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D010166:Palliative Care; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome