title: Single blastocyst transfer after ICSI from ejaculate spermatozoa, percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA) or testicular sperm extraction (TESE).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the outcome of IVF following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) from ejaculate, percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA) and testicular sperm extraction (TESE), with subsequent blastocyst culture and single blastocyst transfer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single blastocyst transfer was performed after ejaculate ICSI (oligozoospermia) in 587 patients, TESE/PESA (azoospermia) in 31 patients, and standard IVF in 680 women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were only minor differences in IVF characteristics between the standard IVF and the PESA-TESE couples. Couples where ejaculate ICSI were performed seemed to represent a slightly poorer prognostic group. A viable fetus after the 12th gestational week, i.e. ongoing pregnancy, was present in 41.4% after ICSI/ET, 51.6% after PESA-TESE/ET and in 40.4% after standard IVF/ET (no significant differences).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Single blastocyst transfer after ejaculate ICSI or after PESA/TESE appears to give similar results as conventional IVF blastocyst culture.
authors.affiliation: IVF Unit, Falun Hospital, Falun, Sweden. staffan.j.nilsson@ltdalarna.se
authors.forename: Staffan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: Urban
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Waldenström
authors.forename: Ann-Britt
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Engström
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hellberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000502:physiology*; D015925:Cryopreservation; D004542:Ejaculation; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D004822:Epididymis; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D013076:Sperm Count; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D053625:Sperm Retrieval; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology*; D013737:Testis