title: Possible role of nuclear factor kappaB detected by in situ hybridization in the pathogenesis of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder remains a significant health problem worldwide. The molecular mechanisms of tumor development and progression are complicated but likely involve the interaction of tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, cell cycle regulatory proteins and other factors. Hence, this study attempts to explore the role of nuclear factor-KB (NF-kappaB) in the TCC of the bladder in correlation with different clinicopathological criteria which are tumor grade, muscle invasion by the tumor, schistosomiasis and presentation whether primary or recurrent tumor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with TCC of the bladder were included in the study from June 2003 to June 2004, and were diagnosed by histopathology. The expressions of the transcription factor NF-kappaB were studied by in situ hybridization technique (ISH).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that there was a significant correlation (p < 0.05) with muscle invasion and schistosomiasis but not with other criteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study showed the possible role of the transcription factor (NF-kappaB) in TCC of the bladder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Medical College, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq. haider_kadhim@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Haider Sabah
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kadhim
authors.forename: Tariq I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Al-Jeboori
authors.forename: Mohammed S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Tawfik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000473:pathology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D012553:Schistosomiasis haematobia / Q000150:complications; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B