title: Gene profiling in Pap-cell smears of high-risk human papillomavirus-positive squamous cervical carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to investigate benign and malignant squamous cervical cells obtained by cervical swabs with regard to differentially expressed genes and gene expression profiling, in order to evaluate the biological behavior and clinical outcome of cervical malignancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cervical squamous cells from six women with high-risk human papillomavirus positive [HR-HPV(+)] cervical carcinoma and from six HPV-negative women with normal ectocervical cells were analyzed by cDNA array.
  
  
  RESULTS
  cDNA over-expression of several genes such as MET (c-met), Nm23-H1 (NME1), EGFR, KGFR, Nm23-H2 (NME2), ERBB2 (c-erbB-2), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 4 (CDKN2A, p16INK4A), cytokeratin 8 (KRT8), KRAS (K-ras), FLT1, KGF (FGF7), BCL2-like 2 protein (BCL2L2), ERBB4, MYCN (N-myc), cyclin D1 (CCND1), KIT (c-kit), secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) and STAT1, was significant in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). Gene expression was downregulated for 13 genes in CSCC, such as interleukin 1 alpha (IL1A), the transforming growth factor receptor beta superfamily (TGFbeta; TGFB), some members of the insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) and the integrin family (ITGA6, ITGB1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study was focused on the gene expression profiling of HR-HPV(-) and (+) cervical squamous cells and CSCC obtained by cytobrush. We observed gene expression patterns and signaling pathways that permit the investigator to distinguish between benign squamous cervical cells and CSCC with and without HPV infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Special Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. mahmood.manavi@meduniwien.ac.at
authors.forename: Mahmood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manavi
authors.forename: Gernot
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hudelist
authors.forename: Anneliese
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fink-Retter
authors.forename: Daphne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gschwandtler-Kaulich
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pischinger
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Czerwenka
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology*; D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018734:Genes, erbB-2; D006801:Humans; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D066247:Receptor, ErbB-4; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology*; D014626:Vaginal Smears; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000235:genetics; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor; C493753:E2F1 protein, human; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins; D051020:bcl-X Protein; C587689:ERBB4 protein, human; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D066247:Receptor, ErbB-4; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1