title: Cyclo-oxygenase (COX) inhibiting nitric oxide donating (CINODs) drugs: a review of their current status.
abstract: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used drugs but their use is hampered by gastrointestinal side effects. Cyclo-oxygenase Inhibitor Nitric Oxide Donors (CINODs) are a new class of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs generated by adding a nitric oxide generating moiety to the parent NSAID via an ester linkage. The combination of balanced inhibition of the two main COX isoforms with release of NO confers to CINODs a reduced gastrointestinal toxicity and a potent anti-inflammatory activity. It is suggested that the NO, which is released by the metabolism of nitrate as the compounds are broken down, may counteract the consequences of the NSAID-induced decrease in gastric mucosal prostaglandins. Recent clinical trials with CINODs (previously termed NO-NSAIDs) have provided data consistent with pre-clinical observations.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Policlinico Monteluce, Via E. dal Pozzo, 06100 Perugia, Italy. fiorucci@unipg.it
authors.forename: Fiorucci
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stefano
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Distrutti
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015195:Drug Design; D006801:Humans; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors