title: Cerebellar cryptococcoma in a patient with undiagnosed sarcoidosis: case report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We describe a patient with undiagnosed sarcoidosis who presented with a rare isolated cerebellar cryptococcoma masquerading as a metastatic brain tumor.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 58-year-old man with a history of resected squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and pulmonary nodules was found to have a left cerebellar lesion on neuroimaging after presenting with a 4-month history of occipital headaches. Neuroimaging revealed a large, lobulated, intra-axial, left cerebellar hemispheric mass with peripheral nodular enhancement, mild adjacent edema, and dense focal areas of calcification.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient underwent a left suboccipital craniotomy for gross total resection of the left cerebellar mass. Pathological examination of the resected specimen demonstrated a cryptococcoma, which was confirmed with a positive cerebrospinal fluid cryptococcal antigen. Postoperative evaluation revealed pulmonary sarcoidosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Central nervous system cryptococcoma is a rare infection that may present in a patient with no known history of immunosuppression and no clinical signs of infection. Diagnostically, this can be difficult to distinguish from a brain tumor. Central nervous system cryptococcoma is an opportunistic infection that typically occurs in the presence of an immunosuppressed state. Sarcoidosis should be considered a predisposing factor because patients with this underlying disease have an increased susceptibility to this central nervous system fungal infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Charles W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Kanaly
authors.forename: Lee A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Selznick
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.forename: D Cory
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Adamson
mesh_terms: D002526:Cerebellar Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016919:Meningitis, Cryptococcal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017565:Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome