title: Trichostatin A increases SMN expression and survival in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy.
abstract: The inherited motor neuron disease spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by mutation of the telomeric survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene with retention of the centromeric SMN2 gene. We sought to establish whether the potent and specific hydroxamic acid class of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors activates SMN2 gene expression in vivo and modulates the SMA disease phenotype when delivered after disease onset. Single intraperitoneal doses of 10 mg/kg trichostatin A (TSA) in nontransgenic and SMA model mice resulted in increased levels of acetylated H3 and H4 histones and modest increases in SMN gene expression. Repeated daily doses of TSA caused increases in both SMN2-derived transcript and SMN protein levels in neural tissues and muscle, which were associated with an improvement in small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) assembly. When TSA was delivered daily beginning on P5, after the onset of weight loss and motor deficit, there was improved survival, attenuated weight loss, and enhanced motor behavior. Pathological analysis showed increased myofiber size and number and increased anterior horn cell size. These results indicate that the hydroxamic acid class of HDAC inhibitors activates SMN2 gene expression in vivo and has an ameliorating effect on the SMA disease phenotype when administered after disease onset.
authors.affiliation: Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, Bethesda, MA 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Amy M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Avila
authors.forename: Barrington G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Burnett
authors.forename: Addis A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Taye
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gabanella
authors.forename: Melanie A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: Parvana
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hartenstein
authors.forename: Ziga
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cizman
authors.forename: Nicholas A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Di Prospero
authors.forename: Livio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pellizzoni
authors.forename: Kenneth H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Fischbeck
authors.forename: Charlotte J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Sumner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051379:Mice; D009134:Muscular Atrophy, Spinal / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017411:Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear; D055532:SMN Complex Proteins; D055533:Survival of Motor Neuron 1 Protein; D055540:Survival of Motor Neuron 2 Protein
chemical_list: D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D017411:Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear; D055532:SMN Complex Proteins; C526471:SMN1 protein, human; C526477:SMN2 protein, human; C526472:Smn1 protein, mouse; D055533:Survival of Motor Neuron 1 Protein; D055540:Survival of Motor Neuron 2 Protein; C012589:trichostatin A