title: Fatigue in the masseter and temporalis muscles at constant load.
abstract: Fatigue is usually defined as the point at which a particular level of force can be no longer maintained. In the present study, surface EMG of the masseter and temporalis anterior muscles was measured in ten healthy young adults performing a unilateral molar (right side) clench. The subjects clenched on a bite force transducer at a fixed force level of 13 kg (127 N) as long as they could (endurance). The test ended when the subjects could no longer produce the required bite force. From the EMG recordings, the median power frequency was calculated at the beginning of the task (T0), after one minute of clenching (T1), and at the end of the task (T2, endurance time). For each subject and muscle, percentage decrements in the median power frequency were also computed at T1 and T2. Endurance time ranged between 79 and 470 s. Significant modifications in the median power frequency in both masseter muscles (right side, p=0.003; left side, p=0.02, analysis of variance) were found, with a significant difference for the median frequency at T2 (p<0.02 at post hoc test). The modifications in the temporalis muscles were not significant (p>0.05). Additionally, at T1, significant percentage decrements in the median power frequency were found for both right side muscles (p<0.05, paired Student's ). The left side muscles modifications (p>0.05) were not significant. A significant effect of side was found (p=0.007, analysis of variance), without effects of muscle and no muscle x side interaction. At T2, both masseter muscles and the right side temporalis had a significant modification in their median power frequency. Overall, the modifications were larger in the masseter than in the temporalis muscles (p=0.022, analysis of variance), without effects of side and no muscle x side interaction. In conclusion, a fixed submaximal muscular contraction provoked fatigue modifications in the EMG power spectra that were well comparable to those obtained in previous investigations using forces computed as percentages of individually assessed maximum bite forces The present protocol (endurance clenching at a fixed force level) could be used as both a research and a clinical tool that would allow an easier and less troublesome assessment of both healthy persons and patients.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Human Morphology, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 31, 1-20133 Milan, Italy. farc@unimi.it
authors.forename: Chiarella
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sforza
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zanotti
authors.forename: Enrica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mantovani
authors.forename: Virgilio F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Ferrario
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001732:Bite Force; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008406:Masseter Muscle / Q000502:physiology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology*; D010807:Physical Endurance; D013703:Temporal Muscle / Q000502:physiology*; D014159:Transducers