title: Combined array-comparative genomic hybridization and single-nucleotide polymorphism-loss of heterozygosity analysis reveals complex genetic alterations in cervical cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cervical carcinoma develops as a result of multiple genetic alterations. Different studies investigated genomic alterations in cervical cancer mainly by means of metaphase comparative genomic hybridization (mCGH) and microsatellite marker analysis for the detection of loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Currently, high throughput methods such as array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH), single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP array) and gene expression arrays are available to study genome-wide alterations. Integration of these 3 platforms allows detection of genomic alterations at high resolution and investigation of an association between copy number changes and expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Genome-wide copy number and genotype analysis of 10 cervical cancer cell lines by array CGH and SNP array showed highly complex large-scale alterations. A comparison between array CGH and SNP array revealed that the overall concordance in detection of the same areas with copy number alterations (CNA) was above 90%. The use of SNP arrays demonstrated that about 75% of LOH events would not have been found by methods which screen for copy number changes, such as array CGH, since these were LOH events without CNA. Regions frequently targeted by CNA, as determined by array CGH, such as amplification of 5p and 20q, and loss of 8p were confirmed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Genome-wide, we did not find a correlation between copy-number and gene expression. At chromosome arm 5p however, 22% of the genes were significantly upregulated in cell lines with amplifications as compared to cell lines without amplifications, as measured by gene expression arrays. For 3 genes, SKP2, ANKH and TRIO, expression differences were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that copy number data retrieved from either array CGH or SNP array are comparable and that the integration of genome-wide LOH, copy number and gene expression is useful for the identification of gene specific targets that could be relevant for the development and progression in cervical cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. J.N.Kloth@lumc.nl
authors.forename: Judith N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Kloth
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oosting
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: van Wezel
authors.forename: Karoly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Szuhai
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Knijnenburg
authors.forename: Arko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gorter
authors.forename: Gemma G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Kenter
authors.forename: Gert Jan
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Fleuren
authors.forename: Ekaterina S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Jordanova
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002893:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3 / Q000235:genetics; D002898:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8 / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D018628:Gene Dosage; D015894:Genome, Human; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization / Q000379:methods*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*