title: Influence of controlled immediate loading and implant design on peri-implant bone formation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tissue formation at the implant interface is known to be sensitive to mechanical stimuli. The aim of the study was to compare the bone formation around immediately loaded versus unloaded implants in two different implant macro-designs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A repeated sampling bone chamber with a central implant was installed in the tibia of 10 rabbits. Highly controlled loading experiments were designed for a cylindrical (CL) and screw-shaped (SL) implant, while the unloaded screw-shaped (SU) implant served as a control. An F-statistic model with alpha=5% determined statistical significance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significantly higher bone area fraction was observed for SL compared with SU (p<0.0001). The mineralized bone fraction was the highest for SL and significantly different from SU (p<0.0001). The chance that osteoid- and bone-to-implant contact occurred was the highest for SL and significantly different from SU (p<0.0001), but not from CL. When bone-to-implant contact was observed, a loading (SL versus SU: p=0.0049) as well as an implant geometry effect (SL versus CL: p=0.01) was found, in favour of the SL condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Well-controlled immediate implant loading accelerates tissue mineralization at the interface. Adequate bone stimulation via mechanical coupling may account for the larger bone response around the screw-type implant compared with the cylindrical implant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthetic Dentistry/BIOMAT Research Group, School of Dentistry, Oral Pathology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, K.U.Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Katleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vandamme
authors.forename: Ignace
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Naert
authors.forename: Liesbet
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Geris
authors.forename: Jozef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vander Sloten
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Puers
authors.forename: Joke
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duyck
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D005260:Female; D023421:Models, Animal; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D011817:Rabbits; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013977:Tibia; D016474:Weight-Bearing
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants