title: Plasma lipoprotein(a) indicates risk for 4 distinct forms of vascular disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] concentrations are predictive for coronary artery disease (CAD). The risk conferred by Lp(a) for other types of vascular disease compared with CAD has not been investigated within a single population. This study aimed to investigate Lp(a) risk association for 4 different types of vascular disease (including CAD) within a predominantly white population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used an Lp(a) ELISA that measures Lp(a) independently of apolipoprotein(a) size to measure plasma Lp(a) in patients [384 CAD, 262 peripheral vascular disease, 184 ischemic stroke (stroke), 425 abdominal aortic aneurysm] and 230 disease-free controls. We then conducted association studies with logistic regression, integrating the potential confounding effects of age, sex, diabetes, plasma lipids, and a history of previous hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate analyses with Lp(a) concentrations of >45 nmol/L (the 75th percentile value for controls) as the clinical cutoff showed increased Lp(a) concentrations to be a risk factor for all disease groups, with adjusted odds ratios ranging from 1.96 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24-3.08] for CAD to 2.33 (95% CI 1.39-3.89) for PVD. The risk conferred by Lp(a) appeared to be independent of other confounders, including exposure to statin/fibrate therapies. Similar odds ratios and CIs between disease groups indicated that increased Lp(a) conferred a similar risk for all groups studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lp(a) constitutes a stable risk factor of similar magnitude for 4 major forms of vascular disease. This association was not altered by exposure to standard lipid-lowering therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. greg.jones@otago.ac.nz
authors.forename: Gregory T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Andre M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: van Rij
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: Michael J A
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Emma H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Bateman
authors.forename: Santica M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Marcovina
authors.forename: Meiying
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Sally P A
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: McCormick
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017270:Lipoprotein(a) / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D010949:Plasma; D012016:Reference Values; D012306:Risk; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology*; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D017270:Lipoprotein(a)