title: NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 and nrh:quinone oxidoreductase 2 activity and expression in bladder and ovarian cancer and lower NRH:quinone oxidoreductase 2 activity associated with an NQO2 exon 3 single-nucleotide polymorphism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  NRH:quinone oxidoreductase 2 (NQO2) is a homologue of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Despite 54% homology with human NQO1, NQO2 has little endogenous enzymatic activity. However, NQO2 has potential as a therapeutic target because the addition of the nonbiogenic electron donor dihydronicotinamide riboside (NRH) selectively potentiates the bioactivation of the alkylating agent tretazicar (CB 1954). The NQO activity of ovarian and bladder tumors was determined and the effect of NQO polymorphisms on NQO activity was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intraperitoneal ovarian metastases and bladder tumor clinical samples were analyzed for NQO1 and NQO2 activity, mRNA expression by semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR, and genotype by RFLP analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NQO1 activity was higher in the bladder cohort than in the ovarian cohort (0-283 and 0-30 nmol/min/mg, respectively; P < 0.0001). In contrast, NQO2 activity was higher in the ovarian tissue than in the bladder samples (0.15-2.27 and 0-1.14 nmol/min/mg, respectively; P = 0.0004). In both cohorts, the NQO1 C609T single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was associated with approximately 7-fold lower NQO1 activity. The NQO2 exon 3 T14055C SNP was associated with lower NQO2 activity relative to wild-type [median values of 0.18 and 0.37 nmol/min/mg in the bladder samples (P = 0.007) and 0.82 and 1.16 nmol/min/mg in the ovarian cohort (P = 0.034)].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first observation reporting an apparent association between an NQO2 exon 3 SNP and lower enzymatic activity. The high NQO2 activity of intraperitoneal ovarian metastases relative to other tissues indicates a potential for tretazicar therapy in the treatment of this disease. In contrast, the low level of NQO1 activity and expression relative to other tissues suggests that NQO1-directed therapies would not be appropriate.
authors.affiliation: Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom. david.jamieson@ncl.ac.uk
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jamieson
authors.forename: Kerrie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pridgeon
authors.forename: Jane P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Margetts
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Edmondson
authors.forename: Hing Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Knox
authors.forename: Alan V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Boddy
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds; D011808:Quinone Reductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D011726:Pyridinium Compounds; C018613:nicotinamide-beta-riboside; D009536:Niacinamide; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone); C447479:NQO1 protein, human; C419642:NRH - quinone oxidoreductase2; D011808:Quinone Reductases