title: Mortalin sensitizes human cancer cells to MKT-077-induced senescence.
abstract: Mortalin is a chaperone protein that functions in many cellular processes such as mitochondrial biogenesis, intracellular trafficking, cell proliferation and signaling. Its upregulation in many human cancers makes it a candidate target for therapeutic intervention by small molecule drugs. In continuation to our earlier studies showing mortalin as a cellular target of MKT-077, a mitochondrion-seeking delocalized cationic dye that causes selective death of cancer cells, in this work, we report that MKT-077 binds to the nucleotide-binding domain of mortalin, causes tertiary structural changes in the protein, inactivates its chaperone function, and induces senescence in human tumor cell lines. Interestingly, in tumor cells with elevated level of mortalin expression, fairly low drug doses were sufficient to induce senescence. Guided by molecular screening for mortalin in tumor cells, our results led to the idea that working at low doses of the drug could be an alternative senescence-inducing cancer therapeutic strategy that could, in theory, avoid renal toxicities responsible for the abortion of MKT-077 clinical trials. Our work may likely translate to a re-appraisal of the therapeutic benefits of low doses of several classes of anti-tumor drugs, even of those that had been discontinued due to adverse effects.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 4, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 8562, Japan.
authors.forename: Custer C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Deocaris
authors.forename: Nashi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Widodo
authors.forename: Bhupal G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Shrestha
authors.forename: Kamaljit
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.forename: Manami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohtaka
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.forename: Sunil C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kaul
authors.forename: Renu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wadhwa
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000187:drug effects*; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D011725:Pyridines; D013844:Thiazoles; C080352:mortalin; C097880:MKT 077