title: Importance of phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma in the host defense against pneumococcal infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pivotal role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma (PI3Kgamma) in leukocyte recruitment makes it an attractive target for immunomodulatory therapy. However, interfering with PI3Kgamma signaling might increase the risk of bacterial infections in humans.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We hypothesized that deletion or pharmacologic inhibition of PI3Kgamma would impair the lung inflammatory response to the prototypic gram-positive bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae.
  
  
  METHODS
  PI3Kgamma knockout (KO) and wild-type mice were infected with S. pneumoniae or challenged with the pneumococcal virulence factor pneumolysin (PLY), and inflammatory leukocyte recruitment, bacterial pathogen elimination, and resolution/repair processes were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PI3Kgamma KO mice challenged with PLY responded with lung edema and neutrophilic alveolitis, but showed a drop in alveolar macrophages and failed to recruit exudate macrophages when compared with wild-type mice. S. pneumoniae-infected PI3Kgamma KO mice and wild-type mice pretreated with the pharmacologic inhibitor AS-605240 recruited similar numbers of neutrophils but substantially fewer exudate macrophages into their lungs than control animals. They also displayed a significantly reduced lung pneumococcal clearance and showed an impaired resolution/repair process, leading to progressive pneumococcal pneumonia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PI3Kgamma gene deletion or pharmacologic inhibition of PI3Kgamma leads to perturbations of critical innate immune responses of the lung to challenge with S. pneumoniae. These data are of clinical relevance for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases where pharmacologic inhibition of PI3Kgamma signaling to attenuate effector cell recruitment may have implications for innate immune surveillance of remote organ systems.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Experimental Lung Research, Hannover School of Medicine, Hannover, Germany. maus.ulrich@mh-hannover.de
authors.forename: Ulrich A
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: Maus
authors.forename: Myriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Backi
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: Mrigank
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: Matthias K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rückle
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Paton
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Briles
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mack
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Welte
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maus
authors.forename: Rainer M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bohle
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Seeger
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rommel
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lohmeyer
authors.forename: Klaus T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Preissner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; D058544:Class Ib Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D017353:Gene Deletion; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000502:physiology*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D011018:Pneumonia, Pneumococcal / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000494:pharmacology; D013301:Streptolysins; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D058544:Class Ib Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D011810:Quinoxalines; D013301:Streptolysins; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; C505144:5-quinoxalin-6-ylmethylenethiazolidine-2,4-dione; C491768:Ccl2 protein, mouse; C032290:plY protein, Streptococcus pneumoniae; C546760:PIK3CG protein, human; C546764:Pik3cg protein, mouse