title: Ovarian cancer specific kallikrein profile in effusions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Kallikreins belong to the serine protease family and their roles as cancer associated markers have been proposed. However, a comprehensive and parallel analysis of different secreted kallikreins in ovarian cancer has not been performed. This study was undertaken to profile the secreted kallikreins in cancer effusion supernatants.
  
  
  METHODS
  We applied ELISA to measure the protein levels of nine kallikreins (4-8, 10, 11, 13, and 14) in a total of 221 effusion supernatants obtained from ovarian cancer, benign non-neoplastic diseases and a variety of other neoplastic diseases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results demonstrated that ovarian cancer effusions contained higher levels of all kallikreins analyzed except kallikrein 4, as compared to benign effusions (p<0.0005) and other cancer types (p<0.03). Unsupervised principal component analyses demonstrated a unique cluster of ovarian cancer samples which were distinct from benign effusions and other cancer groups based on measurements of secreted kallikreins 5-8, 10, 11, 13 and 14. Supervised combinations of the eight kallikreins achieved areas under ROC curve of 0.994 and 0.961 in separating ovarian cancer from benign effusion groups and other cancer groups, respectively. Among kallikreins, kallikreins 6, 7, 8, and 10 showed the highest statistical power in distinguishing ovarian cancer from benign controls and other cancer groups and these kallikreins could diagnose false negative cases based on cytology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The above findings indicate that kallikreins 6, 7, 8 and 10 are the four most specific secreted kallikreins in ovarian cancer. These kallikreins may have clinical implications in the differential diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma from benign diseases and other cancer types.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA. ishi@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Ie-Ming
authors.initials: IeM
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Ritu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salani
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fiegl
authors.forename: Tian-Li
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Antoninus
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soosaipillai
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marth
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Müller-Holzner
authors.forename: Gunther
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gastl
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Eleftherios P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Diamandis
mesh_terms: D001201:Ascites / Q000201:enzymology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D007610:Kallikreins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D007610:Kallikreins