title: Does resection of the medial temporal lobe improve the outcome of temporal lobe epilepsy surgery?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Surgical removal of the hippocampus is the standard of care of patients with drug-resistant medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). The procedure carries a success rate of approximately 75%, but the reasons that some patients fail to achieve seizure control after surgery remain inexplicable. The question of whether the resection of medial temporal lobe structures in addition to the hippocampus would influence the surgical outcome in patients with MTLE was examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted voxel-based statistical analyses of postoperative high-resolution MRI of MTLE patients who underwent anteromedial temporal resection. We applied a cost function transformation of the resection maps for each patient to a common set of spatial coordinates, and we analyzed the contribution of histologically distinct segments of the medial temporal lobe cortex to the surgical outcome. We also performed a voxel-wise mapping of surgical outcome to the temporal lobe.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed that the extent of hippocampal removal was associated with better outcomes. However, when the resection of the hippocampus was combined with the resection of the medial temporal lobe, specifically the entorhinal cortex, a greater likelihood of higher seizure control after surgery was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on this finding, it is possible that the efficiency of the surgical treatment of MTLE can be improved by adjusting the procedure to include the resection of the entorhinal cortex, in addition to the resection of the hippocampus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bonilha
authors.forename: Clarissa Lin
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rorden
authors.forename: Li M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Helder
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tedeschi
authors.forename: Evandro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cendes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004351:Drug Resistance; D018728:Entorhinal Cortex / Q000601:surgery; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000601:surgery*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants