title: Room-temperature quantum Hall effect in graphene.
abstract: The quantum Hall effect (QHE), one example of a quantum phenomenon that occurs on a truly macroscopic scale, has attracted intense interest since its discovery in 1980 and has helped elucidate many important aspects of quantum physics. It has also led to the establishment of a new metrological standard, the resistance quantum. Disappointingly, however, the QHE has been observed only at liquid-helium temperatures. We show that in graphene, in a single atomic layer of carbon, the QHE can be measured reliably even at room temperature, which makes possible QHE resistance standards becoming available to a broader community, outside a few national institutions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Novoselov
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Morozov
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Stormer
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Zeitler
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Maan
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Boebinger
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Geim