title: Essential roles of the CC chemokine ligand 3-CC chemokine receptor 5 axis in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis through regulation of macrophage and fibrocyte infiltration.
abstract: We investigated the pathogenic roles of CC chemokine ligand (CCL)3 and its receptors, CC chemokine receptor (CCR)1 and CCR5, in bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF). An intratracheal injection of BLM into wild-type (WT) mice caused a massive infiltration of granulocytes and macrophages, followed by the development of diffuse PF with fibrocyte accumulation. Intrapulmonary CCL3 expression was enhanced rapidly and remained at elevated levels until PF developed. Moreover, CCL3 protein was detected mainly in infiltrating granulocytes and macrophages, whereas transforming growth factor-beta1 protein was detected in macrophages and myofibroblasts. Compared with WT mice, collagen accumulation was reduced in CCL3(-/-) and CCR5(-/-) but not CCR1(-/-) mice. Moreover, the BLM-induced increases in intrapulmonary macrophage and fibrocyte numbers were attenuated in CCL3(-/-) and CCR5(-/-) but not CCR1(-/-) mice, although BLM increased bone marrow (BM) fibrocyte number to a similar extent in these strains. BM transplantation from CCR5(-/-) to WT, but not that from WT to CCR5(-/-) mice, recapitulated the phenotypes in CCR5(-/-) mice. Furthermore, CCR5(+/-) mice exhibited a significant reduction in BLM-induced fibrotic changes. These results demonstrated that locally produced CCL3 was involved in BLM-induced recruitment of BM-derived macrophages and fibrocytes, main producers of transforming growth factor-beta1, and subsequent development of PF by interacting mainly with CCR5.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Takahito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Masaya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takakura
authors.forename: Kouji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsushima
authors.forename: Naofumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mukaida
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000633:toxicity; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000633:toxicity; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000378:metabolism*; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000502:physiology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism; D018183:Transplantation Chimera
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; C496534:Ccl3 protein, mouse; C503460:Ccl5 protein, mouse; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D001761:Bleomycin