title: Anticlastogenic effect of redistilled cow's urine distillate in human peripheral lymphocytes challenged with manganese dioxide and hexavalent chromium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the anticlastogenic effect of redistilled cow's urine distillate (RCUD) in human peripheral lymphocytes (HLC) challenged with manganese dioxide and hexavalent chromium.
  
  
  METHODS
  The anticlastogenic activity of redistilled cow's urine distillate was studied in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (HPNLs) and human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro challenged with manganese dioxide and hexavalent chromium as established genotoxicants and clastogens which could cause induction of DNA strand break, chromosomal aberration and micronucleus. Three different levels of RCUD: 1 microL/mL, 50 microL/mL and 100 microL/mL, were used in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Manganese dioxide and hexavalent chromium caused statistically significant DNA strand break, chromosomal aberration and micronucleus formation, which could be protected by redistilled cow's urine distillate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The redistilled cow's urine distillate posseses strong antigenotoxic and anticlastogenic properties against HPNLs and HLC treated with Cr+6 and MnO2. This property is mainly due to the antioxidants present in RCUD.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur--440020, INDIA.
authors.forename: Dipanwita
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dutta
authors.forename: S Saravana
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Devi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krishnamurthi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chakrabarti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016587:Antimutagenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle / Q000652:urine*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002857:Chromium / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity; D004249:DNA Damage; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D017895:Manganese Compounds / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity; D010087:Oxides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D016587:Antimutagenic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D017895:Manganese Compounds; D009153:Mutagens; D010087:Oxides; D002857:Chromium; C074702:chromium hexavalent ion; C016552:manganese dioxide