title: Characterization of immunological activities of peanut stilbenoids, arachidin-1, piceatannol, and resveratrol on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation of RAW 264.7 macrophages.
abstract: Biological activities of peanut stilbenoids, mainly resveratrol and its derivatives, have attracted increased attention and interest because of peanut being a potent producer and a dietary channel to convey these polyphenols to the human body. As arachidin-1 and piceatannol are structurally close to resveratrol, it is worthy to investigate their immunological activities on inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of PGE2 and NO and mediation of the related transcription factors (NF-kappaB and C/EBP) of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Productions of PGE2 and NO were inhibited by all the test stilbenoids in a dose-dependent manner while gene and protein expressions of COX-2 and iNOS were not inhibited. As shown by NF-kappaB-driven luciferase assay, LPS-induced NF-kappaB activities were also reduced by the stilbenoids. In further, when these stilbenoids were subjected to monitoring their inhibitory effectiveness on LPS-induced transcription factor expressions of C/EBPdelta and C/EBPbeta, only C/EBPdelta expressions were reduced. Thus, these stilbenoids were effective in inhibition of PGE2- or NO-mediated inflammation and NF-kappaB- or C/EBPdelta-mediated inflammatory gene expression. In comparison, the highest inhibitory activity on LPS-induced PGE2/NO production, C/EBPdelta gene expression, and NF-kappaB activation was piceatannol which was followed in order by arachidin-1 and resveratrol. The observed anti-inflammatory activities of these peanut stilbenoids are of merit in further consideration for nutraceutical applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Bambang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Djoko
authors.forename: Robin Y-Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Chiou
authors.forename: Jia-Jen
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Shee
authors.forename: Yi-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D010367:Arachis / Q000737:chemistry*; D002460:Cell Line; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D000077185:Resveratrol; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D013267:Stilbenes; C520888:arachidin-1; C041525:3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene; D000077185:Resveratrol