title: Cure of ventriculitis and central nervous system shunt infection by Staphylococcus epidermidis with vancomycin by intraventricular injection in a liver transplant recipient.
abstract: A 19-year-old female underwent orthotopic liver transplantation for acute hepatic failure because of fulminant Wilson's disease. Three months post transplantation she developed systemic fungal meningoencephalitis and obstructive hydrocephalus that required cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting by a ventriculo-atrial shunt. Subsequently, she contracted Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteremia, ventriculitis, and shunt infection. Treatment with vancomycin either by conventional intravenous (i.v.) or continuous i.v. injection proved ineffective because of insufficient drug concentrations in the CSF. Eradication of S. epidermidis from CSF and cure of chronic ventriculitis and shunt infection was readily achieved by delivering vancomycin by intraventricular injection (5 mg/24 h) via an extraventricular drain together with continuous i.v. infusion (4 g/24 h) over a period of 18 days. This treatment was well tolerated and free of untoward side effects despite the patient's chronic immunosuppression subsequent to liver transplantation. Intraventricular injection of vancomycin is an effective and safe procedure to eradicate S. epidermidis from the central nervous system when i.v. vancomycin treatment fails.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Oncology, Univerity of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany. schwabe@mm11.ukl.uni-freiburg.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwabe
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jüttner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blaich
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Potthoff
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pisarski
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Waller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D020314:Central Nervous System Fungal Infections / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control; D006527:Hepatolenticular Degeneration / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016921:Meningitis, Fungal / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D014640:Vancomycin