title: [Effects of dietary fat on onset of gestational diabetes mellitus].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the effects of dietary fat on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Nulliparous pregnant women with GDM (GDM group, n = 85) were compared with normal pregnant women (normal pregnant group, NP group, n = 159). A 24 hours recall dietary assessment was obtained before dietary intervention. From the dietary record a list of the amount of foods consumed, were entered into a software program. The analysis was focused on three nutrients (carbohydrate, protein and fat), especially on dietary fat and fat subtypes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) Total calorie per day in GDM group (8970 +/- 2115) kJ was higher than that in NP group (8799 +/- 1785) kJ, but there was no significant difference between two groups (P > 0.05). (2) Carbohydrate, protein and fat intake in GDM group (as % kJ) was 51.9 +/- 7.2, 17.5 +/- 0.9 and 30.6 +/- 1.3, respectively. Carbohydrate, protein and fat intake in NP group (as % kJ) was 53.6 +/- 8.1, 18.3 +/- 1.1 and 28.1 +/- 2.3 respectively. Fat intake (as % kJ) in GDM group was significantly higher than that in NP group (P < 0.05), while carbohydrate and protein intake (as % kJ) in GDM group was not significantly different compared with NP group (P > 0.05). (3) Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in GDM group (as % kJ) (8.3 +/- 0.5) was lower than that in NP group (10.1 +/- 0.4) (P < 0.05), but saturated fatty acids (SFA) in GDM group (as % kJ) (15.2 +/- 0.4) was higher than that in NP group (11.7 +/- 0.6) (P < 0.05). Although monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in GDM group (as % kJ) (7.1 +/- 0.5) was higher than that in NP group (6.3 +/- 0.3), there was no significant difference between two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High dietary fat, high SFA and low PUFA may be one of the high-risk factors triggering GDM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternal and Infant Health Care Hospital, Shanghai 200040, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.forename: De-Fen
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015930:Diet Records; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D007328:Insulin