title: Recombination of CXCR4, VEGF, and MMP-9 predicting lymph node metastasis in human breast cancer.
abstract: We investigated the expression of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 to elucidate whether these markers could predict lymph node metastasis in human breast cancer. Higher rates of CXCR4 (61%), VEGF (68%), and MMP-9 (63%) expression were found in breast cancer tissues than in normal and atypical hyperplasia tissues. The expression of these markers was significantly associated with primary tumor progression, histological grade, and lymph node status. We found there were significant correlations between the expressions of any two of the three markers (P<0.001). Furthermore, our studies indicated that concomitant expression of CXCR4/VEGF (P=0.007), CXCR4/MMP-9 (P<0.001) or VEGF/MMP-9 (P=0.003) had stronger correlation with lymph node metastasis than did each alone and that combined expression of all three makers strongly correlated with lymph node metastasis (P<0.001). Thus, simultaneously examining the expression of CXCR4, VEGF, and MMP-9 in cancer tissues of breast cancer will provide valuable prognostic diagnosis of lymph node metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Joint Immunology Laboratory of Shanghai Institute of Immunology and Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Chunhui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yuhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yunbao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Taylor B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Kouji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsushima
authors.forename: Yanyun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9