title: Cosmetic treatments and strategies for the upper face.
abstract: Botulinum toxin type A injection have become commonplace and are an essential part of the aesthetic management of the upper face. A through understanding of the interrelationships between relevant facial muscles allows clinicians to use Botox for a wide range of conditions in addition to those for which it was initially approved. This article provides an overview and strategy for using Botox to address various cosmetic issues in the upper face. The information provided serves as a practical guide for practitioners who wish to expand their everyday use of the neurotoxin.
authors.affiliation: Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. afrankel@laskyclinic.com
authors.forename: Andrew S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Frankel
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Markarian
mesh_terms: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A