title: Statins and the risk of pneumonia: a population-based, nested case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if the use of statins affects pneumonia-related outpatient visits, hospitalizations with survival, and deaths.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based, retrospective, nested case-control analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  United Kingdom-based General Practice Research Database.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population (134,262 patients aged > or = 30 yrs) consisted of 55,118 patients who took statins and/or fibrates, 29,144 patients with hyperlipidemia not taking lipid-lowering agents, and 50,000 randomly selected patients without hyperlipidemia and without lipid-lowering treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 1253 patients with pneumonia and matched them with 4838 control subjects based on age, sex, general practice, and index date. After adjusting for comorbidity and frequency of visits to general practitioners, we calculated the risks (odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals) of uncomplicated pneumonia, hospitalization for pneumonia with survival, and fatal pneumonia in participants who used statins compared with those who did not. Current statin users had a significantly reduced risk of fatal pneumonia (adjusted odds ratio 0.47, 95% confidence interval 0.25-0.88) and slightly but not significantly reduced risks of uncomplicated pneumonia and pneumonia hospitalization with survival. Recent or past statin use and fibrate use at any time were not associated with a reduced risk of pneumonia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current use of statins was associated with a reduced risk of pneumonia. The risk reduction was particularly strong in the subgroup of patients with fatal pneumonias.
authors.affiliation: Basel Pharmacoepidemiology Unit, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Raymond G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Schlienger
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Fedson
authors.forename: Susan S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Jick
authors.forename: Hershel
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jick
authors.forename: Christoph R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Meier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002995:Clofibric Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019992:Databases as Topic; D005194:Family Practice / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D002995:Clofibric Acid