title: Combined spike-related functional MRI and multiple source analysis in the non-invasive spike localization of benign rolandic epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To localize the irritative zone in children by combined spike-related fMRI and EEG multiple source analysis (MSA) in children with benign rolandic epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interictal spikes were averaged and localized using MSA, and source locations were displayed in the anatomical 3D-MRI in 11 patients (5-12 yrs, median 10). Interictal spikes were additionally recorded during the fMRI acquisition (EEG-fMRI), and the fMRI sequences were correlated off-line with the EEG spikes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MSA revealed an initial central dipole in all patients, including the face or hand area. A second dipolar source was mostly consistent with propagated activity. BOLD activations from EEG-fMRI, consistent with the locations of the initial dipoles, were found in four patients. We found additional large areas of BOLD activations in 3 of these subjects extending into the sylvian fissure and the insula. These were identified as propagated activity by MSA using the short time differences in the source waveforms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MSA provided reliable localization of the spike onset zone in all children with benign rolandic epilepsy. Using the combination of EEG-fMRI and MSA we were able to discriminate the spike onset zone from propagated epileptiform source activity, using the spatial resolution of the EEG-fMRI technique and the temporal resolution of the MSA. However, the sensitivity of the EEG-fMRI technique was low and further improvements of the technique are warranted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that a combination of EEG-fMRI and MSA may be a powerful tool to describe the irritative zone of patients with idiopathic focal epilepsies. Clinical studies in patients with non-idiopathic focal epilepsies may clarify whether both techniques can be used as complementary clinical tools to localize the onset of interictal epileptic activity in focal epilepsies.
authors.affiliation: University Children's Hospital, Pediatric Neurology Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany. r.boor@drk-sutz.de
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boor
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hinzmann
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bauermann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scherg
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boor
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vucurevic
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pfleiderer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kutschke
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stoeter
mesh_terms: D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004569:Electroencephalography; D019305:Epilepsy, Rolandic / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D025341:Principal Component Analysis
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen