title: Regulation of chromatin and chromosome morphology by histone H3 modifications in pig oocytes.
abstract: Oocyte growth, maturation, and activation are complex processes that include transcription, heterochromatin formation, chromosome condensation and decondensation, two consecutive chromosome separations, and genomic imprinting. The objective of this study was to investigate changes in histone H3 modifications in relation to chromatin/chromosome morphology in pig oocytes during their growth, maturation, and activation. During the growth phase, histone H3 was acetylated at lysines 9, 14, and 18 (K9, K14, and K18), and became methylated at K9 when the follicles developed to the antral stage (oocyte diameter, 90 mum). When the fully grown oocytes (diameter, 120 mum) started their maturation, histone H3 became phosphorylated at serine 28 (S28) and then at S10, and deacetylated at K9, K14, and K18 as the chromosomes condensed. After the electroactivation of mature oocytes, histone H3 was reacetylated and dephosphorylated concomitant with the decondensation of the chromosomes. Histone H3 kinase activity increased over a similar time course to that of the phosphorylation of histone H3-S28 during oocyte maturation, and this activity decreased as histone H3-S10 and H3-S28 began to be dephosphorylated after the activation of the mature oocytes. These results suggest that the chromatin morphology of pig oocytes is regulated by the acetylation/deacetylation and the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of histone H3, and the phosphorylation of histone H3 is the key event in meiotic chromosome condensation in oocytes. The inhibition of histone deacetylase with trichostatin A (TSA) inhibited the deacetylation and phosphorylation of histone H3, and chromosome condensation. Therefore, the deacetylation of histone H3 is thought to be required for its phosphorylation in meiosis. Although histone H3 acetylation and phosphorylation were reversible, the histone methylation that was established during the oocyte growth phase was stable throughout the course of oocyte maturation and activation.
authors.affiliation: RIKEN-Kobe, Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minamimachi Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan. thuy@cdb.riken.jp
authors.forename: Hong-Thuy
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Bui
authors.forename: Nguyen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Van Thuan
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kishigami
authors.forename: Sayaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wakayama
authors.forename: Takafusa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hikichi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mizutani
authors.forename: Emi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yamaoka
authors.forename: Teruhiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wakayama
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyano
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D005260:Female; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009865:Oocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D009866:Oogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006657:Histones; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; C012589:trichostatin A