title: Changes of anterior clinical crown height in patients provided with single-implant restorations after more than 15 years of follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure the long-term changes of clinical crown height in patients treated with single-implant crowns and compare them to those of an adult population with normal dentition.
  
  
  METHODS
  The test group comprised 23 patients, consecutively restored with a total of 48 single-implant crowns in the anterior maxilla. Mean age was 26.1+/-11.4 years at inclusion. Original master casts were stored after treatment, and patients were recalled for new study casts an average of 15.8+/-0.74 years later. The control group comprised 141 dental students with a mean age of 22.9 +/-1.20 years at inclusion. Study casts were made at inclusion and after 10 (n = 141) and 20 years (n = 60). Clinical crown height was measured for maxillary anterior teeth, and data were pooled and compared regarding clinical crown height and changes in height.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Implant clinical crowns were an average of 0.6+/-1.04 mm longer than the contralateral teeth (P < .05). Central and lateral incisors showed mucosal recession at an average of 0.4+/-0.53 mm (P < .05) and 0.6+/-0.58 mm (P < .01), respectively. In the control group, only minor insignificant changes (+/-0.1 mm) in mean clinical crown height could be observed during the follow-up period. However, obvious individual variations of changes could be found in the control group, and were more pronounced for women. Altogether, 15% and 9% of measured teeth showed > or = 1.0 mm increase or decrease of clinical crown height during 20 years, respectively. Initially, shorter teeth presented a trend (P < .05 to .001) of more mucosal recession than longer teeth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mean values of clinical crown height disguise significant individual variations of changes. To perform a risk evaluation for potential future mucosal recession, it could be suggested that greater changes in clinical crown height may occur in patients provided with implant-supported crowns than in untreated control subjects, possibly more for women than men, and more for initially shorter teeth than for longer adjacent teeth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthetic Dentistry/Dental Material Science, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden. torsten.jemt@vgregion.se
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jemt
authors.forename: Gunilla
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ahlberg
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Henriksson
authors.forename: Olav
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bondevik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003442:Crowns; D019250:Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005889:Gingival Recession; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric