title: MAPK phosphatases--regulating the immune response.
abstract: Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatases (MKPs) are protein phosphatases that dephosphorylate both the phosphothreonine and phosphotyrosine residues on activated MAPKs. Removal of the phosphates renders MAPKs inactive, effectively halting their cellular function. In recent years, evidence has emerged that, similar to MAPKs, MKPs are pivotal in the regulation of immune responses. By deactivating MAPKs, MKPs can modulate both innate and adaptive immunity. A number of immunomodulatory agents have been found to influence the expression of MKP1 in particular, highlighting the central role of this phosphatase in immune regulation. This Review discusses the properties, function and regulation of MKPs during immune responses.
authors.affiliation: Center for Perinatal Research, Columbus Children's Research Institute, Columbus Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA. liuy@pediatrics.ohio-state.edu
authors.forename: Yusen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Edward G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Shepherd
authors.forename: Leif D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Nelin
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D054638:Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007239:Infections / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000502:physiology*; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1; C517019:DUSP1 protein, human; D054638:Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases