title: Biphasic regulation of levofloxacin on lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-1beta production.
abstract: Fluoroquinolones have been known to exert modulatory activity on immune responses to microbial infection. However, the mechanism of this immunomodulation has not been well elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effect of levofloxacin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in RAW264.7 cells. We showed that LPS-stimulated release of pre-synthesized IL-1beta was promoted by levofloxacin, in part via the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. On the other hand, newly synthesized IL-1beta production was inhibited by levofloxacin. This immunoregulatory function of levofloxacin in the later phase as well as promotion of pre-synthesized IL-1beta release by levofloxacin in the early phase might be advantageous in the host defense to microbial pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Takatoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitazawa
authors.forename: Kuniko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okugawa
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shibasaki
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ota
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D064704:Levofloxacin; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D064704:Levofloxacin; D015242:Ofloxacin