Pain in the emergency department: results of the pain and emergency medicine initiative (PEMI) multicenter study.
Pain is the most common reason for emergency department (ED) use, and oligoanalgesia in this setting is known to be common. The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations has revised standards for pain management; however, the impact of these regulatory changes on ED pain management practice is unknown. This prospective, multicenter study assessed the current state of ED pain management practice. After informed consent, patients aged 8 years and older with presenting pain intensity scores of 4 or greater on an 11-point numerical rating scale completed structured interviews, and their medical records were abstracted. Eight hundred forty-two patients at 20 US and Canadian hospitals participated. On arrival, pain intensity was severe (median, 8/10). Pain assessments were noted in 83% of cases; however, reassessments were uncommon. Only 60% of patients received analgesics that were administered after lengthy delays (median, 90 minutes; range, 0 to 962 minutes), and 74% of patients were discharged in moderate to severe pain. Of patients not receiving analgesics, 42% desired them; however, only 31% of these patients voiced such requests. We conclude that ED pain intensity is high, analgesics are underutilized, and delays to treatment are common. Despite efforts to improve pain management practice, oligoanalgesia remains a problem for emergency medicine.


CONCLUSIONS
Despite the frequency of pain in the emergency department, few studies have examined this phenomenon. This study documents high pain intensity and suboptimal pain management practices in a large multicenter ED network in the United States and Canada. These findings suggest that there is much room for improvement in this area.
Todd
Knox H
KH
Pain and Emergency Medicine Institute, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York 10003, USA. ktodd@chpnet.org
Ducharme
James
J
Choiniere
Manon
M
Crandall
Cameron S
CS
Fosnocht
David E
DE
Homel
Peter
P
Tanabe
Paula
P
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002170:Canada; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends*; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States
D000700:Analgesics