title: Efficacy of selected coccidiostats in sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) following challenge.
abstract: The anticoccidial efficacy of amprolium, clazuril, and monensin were studied in sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) infected with a mixture of Eimeria spp. oocysts. Five groups of four 1-day-old sandhill crane chicks were maintained on a crumbled ration containing no coccidiostat, amprolium at 2.2 ppm, clazuril at 1.1 ppm, clazuril at 5.5 ppm, or monensin at 99 ppm. After 2 wk on their respective feeding regimens, birds in each of the five groups were administered 25 x 10(3) pooled sporulated Eimeria spp. oocysts per os and observed for another 3 wk. A sixth group of four chicks served as nonmedicated, nonchallenged control during the study. Clinical signs and lesions consistent with disseminated visceral coccidiosis were observed in all challenged controls and birds fed amprolium and clazuril. Birds in these groups died 9-10 days after challenge. In contrast, only one monensin-medicated bird had clinical signs of disseminated visceral coccidiosis, and it died 13 days after challenge (DAC). This and an asymptomatic bird that were necropsied at study termination had less-severe gross and microscopic lesions of disseminated visceral coccidiosis. Two of three monensin-treated birds that survived challenge passed from 50 to 500 coccidial oocysts 11 to 18 DAC but were negative at study termination. Of the coccidiostats tested, monensin, at the dietary level of 99 ppm, was the only anticoccidial drug that provided protection against experimentally induced disseminated visceral coccidiosis in sandhill cranes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66505, USA.
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.forename: Meliton N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Novilla
authors.forename: Jeff S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hatfield
mesh_terms: D000097:Acetonitriles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000670:Amprolium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D001717:Birds; D003048:Coccidiosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D003049:Coccidiostats / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004539:Eimeria / Q000187:drug effects*; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D008985:Monensin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010270:Parasite Egg Count / Q000662:veterinary; D011897:Random Allocation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014227:Triazines / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000097:Acetonitriles; D003049:Coccidiostats; D014227:Triazines; D008985:Monensin; D000670:Amprolium; C056172:clazuril