title: HAART and the heart: changes in coronary risk factors and implications for coronary risk in men starting antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate changes in coronary risk factors and their implications for coronary heart disease (CHD) rates in men starting highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
  
  
  METHODS
  Men participating in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study with measurements of coronary risk factors both before and up to 3 years after starting HAART were identified. Fractional polynomial regression was used to graph associations between risk factors and time on HAART. Mean risk factor changes associated with starting HAART were estimated using multilevel models. A prognostic model was used to predict corresponding CHD rate ratios.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 556 eligible men, 259 (47%) started a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and 297 a protease inhibitor (PI) based regimen. Levels of most risk factors increased sharply during the first 3 months on HAART, then more slowly. Increases were greater with PI- than NNRTI-based HAART for total cholesterol (1.18 vs. 0.98 mmol L(-1)), systolic blood pressure (3.6 vs. 0 mmHg) and BMI (1.04 vs. 0.55 kg m(2)) but not HDL cholesterol (0.24 vs. 0.32 mmol L(-1)) or glucose (1.02 vs. 1.03 mmol L(-1)). Predicted CHD rate ratios were 1.40 (95% CI 1.13-1.75) and 1.17 (0.95-1.47) for PI- and NNRTI-based HAART respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coronary heart disease rates will increase in a majority of patients starting HAART: however the increases corresponding to typical changes in risk factors are relatively modest and could be offset by lifestyle changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: J A C
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sterne
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Bucher
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ledergerber
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Furrer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cavassini
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bernasconi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hirschel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Egger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000139:chemically induced*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013557:Switzerland
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents