title: Comparative study of single- and double-patch techniques for sinus venosus atrial septal defect with partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The correction of sinus venosus atrial septal defect with a partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the superior vena cava has been associated with obstruction to the venous return and sinus node dysfunction. We present our follow-up of 2 approaches of managing the lesion and compare their postoperative results.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients underwent operation between March 1999 and January 2005, of whom 37 patients (aged 3-50 years) are on follow-up. These patients were divided into 2 groups: single-patch repair (group A, 18 patients) and double-patch repair (group B, 19 patients). Echocardiography and electrocardiography were performed 7 days after surgery and during the subsequent follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean duration of follow-up was 22.56 months. There were no postoperative deaths or residual defects. Six patients in group A and 2 patients in group B had turbulence and a significant superior vena cava-right atrium pressure gradient of more than 6 mm Hg. Nine patients in group A had a significant gradient causing turbulence across the right superior pulmonary vein at the level of the patch, whereas no patients in group B had turbulence across the pulmonary vein. Four patients in group A and no patients in group B had postoperative rhythm abnormalities on late follow-up. There was no other complication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection can be safely managed with multiple techniques with low morbidity. The double-patch technique is technically reproducible and offers better results in terms of superior vena cava narrowing and gradient across the pulmonary vein without any increase in complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India. anandcvts@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Anand P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Iyer
authors.forename: Krishnamanohar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Somanrema
authors.forename: Sameet
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pathak
authors.forename: Prashant Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Manjunath
authors.forename: Suraj
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pradhan
authors.forename: Shyam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krishnan
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010496:Pericardium / Q000637:transplantation*; D011336:Probability; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior / Q000601:surgery*