title: TNF polymorphisms modify endotoxin exposure-associated longitudinal lung function decline.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endotoxin exposure induces airway inflammation, hyper-responsiveness and higher expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF). This study was conducted to investigate whether TNF polymorphisms modify the effect of endotoxin exposure on chronic declines in lung function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Associations between TNF and LTA polymorphisms, endotoxin exposure and lung function were analysed in 263 cotton workers and 230 silk workers as a reference group, who were prospectively followed for 20 years. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the association, with adjustment for smoking and other covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endotoxin exposure was associated with faster lung function decline among genotypes associated with higher TNF expression levels, with estimates of annual FEV1 change in relation to endotoxin exposure of -2.9 ml and -6.8 ml in the G/G and G/A+AA genotypes, respectively, for the TNF polymorphism; and -2.0 ml, -4.0 ml and -3.6 ml in A/A, A/G and G/G genotypes, respectively, for the LTA polymorphism. When joint effects of endotoxin exposure and smoking were considered, the effect modification of TNF and LTA polymorphisms was prominent in never smokers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TNF and LTA polymorphisms may modify the association between occupational endotoxin exposure and longitudinal lung function decline, which was more clearly observed in never smokers.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Hongxi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jingqing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hang
authors.forename: Xiaorong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Bixiong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Helian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Christiani
mesh_terms: D002095:Byssinosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D003368:Gossypium / Q000633:toxicity*; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D004731:Endotoxins; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors