title: Protein expression patterns associated with progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in bronchoalveolar lavage of smokers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We modeled the expression of proteins in baseline bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from asymptomatic 60-year-old lifelong current smokers or healthy never-smokers, who were reevaluated after 6 to 7 years to record clinical outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Applying a technology toolbox consisting of replicate 2-dimensional gel separations, image annotation, and mass spectrometry identification, we catalogued a global set of proteins that were differentially expressed in individuals by presence, absence, and intensity scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By use of multivariate analysis, we selected a subset of proteins that accurately separated smokers from never-smokers based on composite scoring. Follow-up after 6 to 7 years identified a group of individuals who had progressed to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stage 2. The baseline BAL samples of these eventual COPD patients shared a distinct protein expression profile that could be identified using partial least-squares discriminant analysis. This pattern was not observed in BAL samples of asymptomatic smokers free of COPD at 6- to 7-year follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our model suggests that certain patterns of protein expression occurring in the airways of long-term smokers may be detected in smokers susceptible to a progression of COPD disease, before disease is clinically evident.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. amelie.plymoth@med.lu.se
authors.forename: Amelie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Plymoth
authors.forename: Claes-Göran
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Löfdahl
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ekberg-Jansson
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dahlbäck
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Broberg
authors.forename: Martyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Fehniger
authors.forename: György
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marko-Varga
mesh_terms: D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D020543:Proteome