Determination of pindolol enantiomers in amniotic fluid and breast milk by high-performance liquid chromatography: applications to pharmacokinetics in pregnant and lactating women.
A method for the determination of pindolol enantiomers in amniotic fluid and breast milk was developed, validated, and applied to the investigation of six pregnant women treated with rac-pindolol (10 mg/12 h). Biological samples were extracted with tert-methyl-butyl ether, and the pindolol enantiomers were resolved on a Chiralpak AD column. Amniotic fluid/plasma and milk/plasma concentrations ratios ranged from 0.4 to 4.5 and from 0.6 to 3.7, respectively, for (+)-R-pindolol and from 0.5 to 3.5 and from 1.1 to 2.8, respectively, for (-)-S-pindolol. Preliminary data suggest that amniotic fluid and breast milk are routes of fetal exposure to pindolol enantiomers.
Gonçalves
Paulo Vinicius Bernardes
PV
Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Avenida do Café s/n, University of São Paulo Campus, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
Cavalli
Ricardo Carvalho
RC
da Cunha
Sergio Pereira
SP
Lanchote
Vera Lucia
VL
D000328:Adult; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007774:Lactation; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D010869:Pindolol / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011247:Pregnancy; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013237:Stereoisomerism
D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D010869:Pindolol