title: Impairment of hepatic Stat-3 activation and reduction of PPARalpha activity in fructose-fed rats.
abstract: Fructose makes up a significant proportion of energy intake in westernized diets; its increased consumption has paralleled the growing prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome over the past two decades. In the current study, we demonstrate that fructose administration (10% wt/vol) in the drinking water of rats reduces the trans-activating and trans-repressing activity of the hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). As a consequence, fructose decreases hepatic fatty oxidation and increases pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity. These changes were not observed in glucose-administered rats (10% wt/vol), although both carbohydrates produced similar changes in plasma adiponectin and in the hepatic expression of transcription factors and enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis. Fructose-fed, but not glucose-fed, rats were hyperleptinemic and exhibited increased tyrosine phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) transcription factor, although they did not present a similar increase in the serine phosphorylation of nuclear STAT3. Thus, an impairment in the hepatic transduction of the leptin signal could be responsible for the observed alterations in PPARalpha activity in fructose-fed rats. Because PPARalpha activity is lower in human than in rodent liver, fructose ingestion in humans should cause even worse effects, which would partly explain the link between increased consumption of fructose and widening epidemics of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis induced by fructose ingestion result from a reduction in the hepatic catabolism of fatty acids driven by a state of leptin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona and IBUB (Institute of Biomedicine University of Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Núria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Roglans
authors.forename: Laia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vilà
authors.forename: Mireia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farré
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alegret
authors.forename: Rosa María
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vázquez-Carrera
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Laguna
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D005632:Fructose / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D020738:Leptin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin; D047493:PPAR alpha; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494088:Stat3 protein, rat; D005632:Fructose