title: Continuous intracranial administration of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) inhibits tumor growth in an orthotopic glioma model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Current treatments for malignant gliomas produce only a modest increase in survival time. New therapeutic approaches are desperately needed. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) is an effective inhibitor of the growth of many solid and hematological malignancies. Nevertheless, very few studies have investigated the effects of SAHA on glial tumors. The present study was designed to investigate the therapeutic effects of the intracranial local delivery of SAHA in an orthotopic glioma model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The antiproliferative effect of SAHA was examined in six glioblastoma and one endothelial cell lines in vitro. In addition, one glioblastoma cell line (U87MG) used in in vivo short term (14 days) and survival studies in an orthotopic human glioma athymic mice model. Tumor volume, apoptosis rate, microvessel density, and proliferation index were determined by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SAHA treatment inhibited the growth of all cell lines in concentrations ranging from 1 microM to 30 microM. For short-term studies, histological analysis showed an 80% reduction of tumor volume in the treatment group (P < 0.001). This reduction in tumor volume was associated with a significant increase in the apoptosis rate (31.9%, P < 0.001), a significant decrease in the proliferation (36.8%, P < 0.001) and angiogenesis rates (30%, P < 0.05). For survival studies, the mean survival time was 22 days in the control group, whereas it was 42 days in the treatment group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that local delivery with SAHA inhibits intracranial glioma growth in vitro and in vivo. SAHA is a promising candidate for further preclinical and clinical studies on glial tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Ankara University, School of Medicine, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hasan C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Ugur
authors.forename: Naren
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ramakrishna
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bello
authors.forename: Lata G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.forename: Seung-Ki
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Rona S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Carroll
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005910:Glioma / Q000098:blood supply / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015918:Infusion Pumps, Implantable; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D015996:Survival Rate; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000637:transplantation; D000077337:Vorinostat; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D000077337:Vorinostat