What's wrong with my mouse model? Advances and strategies in animal modeling of anxiety and depression.
Stress plays a key role in pathogenesis of anxiety and depression. Animal models of these disorders are widely used in behavioral neuroscience to explore stress-evoked brain abnormalities, screen anxiolytic/antidepressant drugs and establish behavioral phenotypes of gene-targeted or transgenic animals. Here we discuss the current situation with these experimental models, and critically evaluate the state of the art in this field. Noting a deficit of fresh ideas and especially new paradigms for animal anxiety and depression models, we review existing challenges and outline important directions for further research in this field.
Kalueff
A V
AV
Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1264, USA. kalueff@inbox.ru.
Wheaton
M
M
Murphy
D L
DL
D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology*; D035841:Behavioral Research / Q000379:methods; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000209:etiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications*