title: Injuries in combat from 1982-2005 with particular reference to those to the head and neck: A review.
abstract: The aim of this review was to examine the range of combat injuries with particular reference to those of the head and neck. We evaluated 10 retrospective studies selected from the period 1982-2005 that covered war injuries from Vietnam, Lebanon, Slovenia, Croatia, Iraq, Somalia, and Afghanistan. We found differences in the causes of injuries. Injuries from fragments were more common during the 90s than during the Vietnam War, where shooting injuries predominated. Injuries to the trunk were reduced in conflicts from 1991 onwards as military personal armour systems including protective vests were used. However, the mortality of wounded soldiers in all conflicts was consistently between 10% and 14%. There was a high incidence of injuries to the head and neck (up to 40%) though they affected only 12% of the body surface area. Though the data from the different military conflicts are not totally comparable, there are trends in the type of injuries and mortality, which may lead to changes in existing systems of medical care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Klinikum Bremen Mitte, Bremen, Germany. janrustem@t-online.de
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rustemeyer
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kranz
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bremerich
mesh_terms: D000346:Afghanistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D001753:Blast Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D017523:Croatia / Q000453:epidemiology; D020197:Head Injuries, Penetrating / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D007493:Iraq / Q000453:epidemiology; D054542:Iraq War, 2003-2011; D007861:Lebanon / Q000453:epidemiology; D008887:Military Medicine / Q000639:trends; D019838:Neck Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D011481:Protective Clothing / Q000639:trends; D017524:Slovenia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012998:Somalia / Q000453:epidemiology; D014744:Vietnam / Q000453:epidemiology; D047829:Vietnam Conflict; D014857:Warfare; D054041:Weapons; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality