title: A novel ATR-FTIR approach for characterisation and identification of ex situ immobilised species.
abstract: We demonstrate a novel method to analyse ex situ prepared protein chips by attenuated total reflection Fourier IR spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), which circumvents tedious functionalisation steps of internal reflection elements (IREs), and simultaneously allows for complementary measurements by other analytical techniques. This concept is proven by utilising immobilised metal affinity capture (IMAC) chips containing about 10 mum thick films of copolymers coated with nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) groups, which originally was manufactured for surface enhanced laser desorption ionisation (SELDI) spectrometry. Three immobilisation steps were analysed by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy: 1) NTA complexation with nickel(II) ions 2) binding of two histidine (His)-tagged synthetic peptides of 25 (25-His6) and 48 (48-His6) amino acids to the NTA-groups and 3) attachment of a ligand, mesyl amide, to the surface-bound 48-His6. Despite interference from H(2)O, both amide I and II were well resolved. Utilising peptide adsorption in the thick copolymer matrix yields a high saturation peptide concentration of approximately 100 mg mL(-1) and a dissociation constant of 116+/-11 muM, as determined by a detailed analysis of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The mesyl amide ligand was directly seen in the raw ATR-FTIR spectrum with specific peaks in the fingerprint region at 1172 and 1350 cm(-1). Several aspects of the fine structure of the amide I band of the peptide were analysed: influences from secondary structure, amino side chains and competing contamination product. We believe that this approach has great potential as a stand-alone or complementary analytical tool for determination of the chemical composition of functionalised surfaces. We emphasise further that with this approach no chemical treatment of IREs is needed; the chips can be regenerated and reused, and applied in other experimental set-ups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environment and Protection, FOI NBC Defence, 901 82 Umeå, Sweden. perola.andersson@foi.se
authors.forename: Per Ola
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Margaretha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lundquist
authors.forename: Lotta
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tegler
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Börjegren
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baltzer
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Osterlund