title: Overexpression of hedgehog signaling molecules and its involvement in the proliferation of endometrial carcinoma cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Research has revealed abnormal activation of the hedgehog pathway in human malignancies. The present study was undertaken to examine the expression and functional involvement of the hedgehog pathway in endometrial tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of sonic hedgehog (Shh), patched (Ptch), Smoothened (Smo), and Gli1 was examined in various endometrial tissues and endometrial carcinoma cell lines. The effect of hedgehog signaling on the proliferation of endometrial carcinoma cell lines was also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of Shh, Ptch, Smo, and Gli1 was very weak in normal endometrium, but was increased in endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma stepwisely with significant differences. There was no marked difference in the expression of these molecules in carcinomas according to stages and histologic grades. Treatment with cyclopamine, a specific inhibitor of the hedgehog pathway, for endometrial carcinoma Ishikawa and HHUA cells suppressed growth by 56% and 67%, respectively, compared with the control. The addition of recombinant Shh peptide to HHUA cells enhanced their proliferation by 41%. The silencing of Gli1 using small interfering RNA (siGli1) resulted in the growth suppression and down-regulation of Ptch expression. In addition, the cyclopamine/siGli1-induced growth suppression was associated with the down-regulation of cyclins D1 and A and N-myc. No somatic mutations for ptch and smo genes were detected in the endometrial carcinoma cases examined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The abnormal activation of this pathway is involved in the proliferation of endometrial carcinoma cells possibly in an auto-/paracrine fashion, suggesting the possibility of the hedgehog pathway being a novel candidate for molecular targeting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi, Matsumoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Yu-Zhen
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Tanri
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiozawa
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kashima
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurai
authors.forename: Akihisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ying-Song
authors.forename: Ikuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Konishi
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering