title: Effect of ovotransferrin, protamine sulfate and EDTA combination on biofilm formation by catheter-associated bacteria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of a composition comprising ovotransferrin (OT), protamine sulfate (PS) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on biofilm formation by catheter-associated bacteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The in vitro activity of OT, PS and EDTA alone and in combinations against biofilm formation by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus epidermidis was investigated. All the three compounds either alone or in combinations failed to inhibit the growth completely at the concentrations tested. However, the subinhibitory concentrations of three compounds in a composition showed synergistic inhibitory effect on biofilm formation by K. pneumoniae, Ps. aeruginosa and S. epidermidis. Furthermore, 79-95% reduction in Ps. aeruginosa and S. epidermidis biofilm formation was observed in a clear vinyl urinary catheter treated with the composition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The subinhibitory concentrations of OT, PS and EDTA in a composition were effective in reducing biofilm formation by catheter-associated bacteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that a synergistic composition-comprising non-antibiotic generally regarded as safe (GRAS) compounds such as OT, PS and EDTA may be used in the prevention of catheter-related infections.
authors.affiliation: Kane Biotech Inc., Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yakandawala
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Gawande
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lovetri
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Madhyastha
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D002404:Catheterization; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003207:Conalbumin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects; D011479:Protamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011513:Proteus mirabilis / Q000187:drug effects; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002614:Chelating Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D011479:Protamines; D003207:Conalbumin; D004492:Edetic Acid