title: Undergoing prenatal screening for Down's syndrome: presentation of choice and information in Europe and Asia.
abstract: To date, studies assessing whether the information given to people about screening tests facilitates informed choices have focussed mainly on the UK, US and Australia. The extent to which written information given in other countries facilitates informed choices is not known. The aim of this study is to describe the presentation of choice and information about Down's syndrome in written information about prenatal screening given to pregnant women in five European and two Asian countries. Leaflets were obtained from clinicians in UK, Netherlands, Spain, Italy, Czech Republic, China and India. Two analyses were conducted. First, all relevant text relating to the choice about undergoing screening was extracted and described. Second, each separate piece of information or statement about the condition being screened for was extracted and then coded as either positive, negative or neutral. Only Down's syndrome was included in the analysis since there was relatively little information about other conditions. There was a strong emphasis on choice and the need for discussion about prenatal screening tests in the leaflets from the UK and Netherlands. The leaflet from the UK gave most information about Down's syndrome and the smallest proportion of negative information. By contrast, the Chinese leaflet did not mention choice and gave the most negative information about Down's syndrome. Leaflets from the other countries were more variable. This variation may reflect cultural differences in attitudes to informed choice or a failure to facilitate informed choice in practice. More detailed studies are needed to explore this further.
authors.affiliation: King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychology at Guy's, Health Psychology Section, London, UK.
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Lyn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chitty
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dormandy
authors.forename: Amelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hollywood
authors.forename: Hajo I J
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Wildschut
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fortuny
authors.forename: Bianca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Masturzo
authors.forename: Jiøí
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Santavý
authors.forename: Madhulika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kabra
authors.forename: Runmei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Theresa M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Marteau
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001208:Asia; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010174:Pamphlets; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D014342:Truth Disclosure