title: Nicorandil decreases cardiac events during and after noncardiac surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether nicorandil reduces the likelihood of cardiac events during and after intermediate risk surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicenter study.
  
  
  METHODS
  13 hospitals in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intermediate-risk patients were identified by the presence of risk factors such as angina, a history of myocardial infarction, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and abnormal electrocardiography (ECG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Nicorandil was given to these patients during the operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cardiac events during the operation and the following 5 days were monitored. The frequency of cardiac events in nicorandil-treated patients was compared with those in nontreated patients. Eighty-four patients received nicorandil during surgery and 237 patients received standard care. Cardiac events in the nicorandil-treated group occurred less frequently both during the operation (odds ratio, 0.15; 95% confidence interval, 0.03-0.76; P=0.02) and after it (odds ratio, 0.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.06-0.90; P=0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nicorandil reduces the frequency of cardiac events in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery, both during and after the operation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Tamaho, Yamanashi 409-3898, and Department of Anesthesia, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. satoshik@yamanashi.ac.jp
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kashimoto
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishiguro
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Kinya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Motoyo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwade
authors.forename: Akibumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Omi
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: Atsuhiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Yukihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogihara
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakaigawa
authors.forename: Jitsu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Junzo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Takeda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020108:Nicorandil / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D020108:Nicorandil