title: The role of imported cases in the epidemiology of urban Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Quibdó, Colombia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the role of imported cases in the local epidemiology of malaria and population genetics of Plasmodium falciparum in an urban endemic area in Colombia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 679 P. falciparum cases presenting in the city were interviewed, mapped, and genotyped using msp1 and msp2 molecular markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the cases, 75% were classified as imported and harboured single-clone infections. The P. falciparum parasite population had low genetic diversity with a preponderant haplotype (mean genetic diversity H = 0.36), even when microsatellite markers were used (H = 0.49), partly because of the small scale at which population movement was studied. Nevertheless, indigenous and potentially introduced cases were identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Migration is a confounder in planning malaria control in this endemic urban area. Longitudinal studies which monitor the P. falciparum population in imported and autochthonous cases at larger spatial scales would be necessary to study the effect of population movement on malaria transmission and, with suitable molecular markers, on the spread of drug resistance.
authors.affiliation: International Center for Medical Research and Training, Cali, Colombia. lydaosorio@cideim.org.co
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Osorio
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Todd
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bradley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003105:Colombia / Q000453:epidemiology; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D019353:Endemic Diseases; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000635:transmission; D016780:Malaria, Vivax / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000235:genetics*; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014504:Urban Health
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers