title: Reference values of Forced Expiratory Volumes and pulmonary flows in 3-6 year children: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aims of this study were to verify the feasibility of respiratory function tests and to assess their validity in the diagnosis of respiratory disorders in young children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed spirometry and collected information on health and parents' lifestyle on a sample of 960 children aged 3-6.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cooperation rate was 95.3%. Among the valid tests, 3 or more acceptable curves were present in 93% of cases. The variability was 5% within subjects in 90.8% of cases in all the parameters. We propose regression equations for FVC (Forced Vital Capacity), FEV1, FEV0.5, FEV0.75 (Forced Expiratory Volume in one second, in half a second and in 3/4 of a second), and for Maximum Expiratory Flows at different lung volume levels (MEF75, 50, 25). All parameters are consistent with the main reference values reported in literature. The discriminating ability of respiratory parameters versus symptoms always shows a high specificity (>95%) and a low sensitivity (<20%) with the highest OR (10.55; CI 95% 4.42-25.19) for MEF75. The ability of FEV0.75 to predict FEV1 was higher than that of FEV0.50: FEV0.75 predicts FEV1 with a determination coefficient of 0.95.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study confirms the feasibility of spirometry in young children; however some of the current standards are not well suited to this age group. Moreover, in this restricted age group the various reference values have similar behaviour.
authors.affiliation: SC Pneumologia CPA ASL 4 Torino--Strada dell'arrivore 25/A--10154 Torino, Italy. ppiccioni@qubisoft.it
authors.forename: Pavilio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Piccioni
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borraccino
authors.forename: Maria Pia
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Forneris
authors.forename: Enrica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Migliore
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carena
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bignamini
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fassio
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cordola
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Arossa
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bugiani
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005540:Forced Expiratory Flow Rates / Q000502:physiology*; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013147:Spirometry / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*