title: Epidemiology of infective endocarditis in Tunisia: a 10-year multicenter retrospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since the first description of infective endocarditis, the profile of the disease has evolved continuously with stable incidence. However, epidemiological features are different in developing countries compared with western countries.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe epidemiological, microbiological and outcome characteristics of infective endocarditis in Tunisia.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a descriptive multicenter retrospective study of inpatients treated for infective endocarditis from 1991 to 2000. Charts of patients with possible or definite infective endocarditis according to the Duke criteria were included in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four hundred and forty episodes of infective endocarditis among 435 patients (242 males, 193 females; mean (SD) age=32.4 (16.8) years, range 1-78 years) were reviewed. The most common predisposing heart disease was rheumatic valvular disease (45.2%). Infective endocarditis occurred on prosthetic valves in 17.3% of cases. Causative microorganisms were identified in 50.2% of cases: streptococci (17.3%), enterococci (3.9%), staphylococci (17.9%), and other pathogens (11.1%). Blood cultures were negative in 53.6% and no microorganism was identified in 49.8%. Early valve surgery was performed in 51.2% of patients. The in-hospital mortality was 20.6%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infective endocarditis is still frequently associated with rheumatic disease among young adults in Tunisia, with a high frequency of negative blood cultures and high in-hospital mortality, given that the population affected is relatively young.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Avenue Ibn El Jazzar, Sousse 4000, Tunisia. amel.letaief@famso.rnu.tn
authors.forename: Amel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Letaief
authors.forename: Essia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boughzala
authors.forename: Naoufel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kaabia
authors.forename: Samia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ernez
authors.forename: Fekria
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abid
authors.forename: Taoufik
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ben Chaabane
authors.forename: Mounir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ben Jemaa
authors.forename: Rachid
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boujnah
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chakroun
authors.forename: Moncef
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Daoud
authors.forename: Rafika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gaha
authors.forename: Naceur
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kafsi
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khalfallah
authors.forename: Lotfi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Slimane
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaouali
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004696:Endocarditis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012214:Rheumatic Heart Disease / Q000382:microbiology; D014416:Tunisia / Q000453:epidemiology