title: Evaluation and management of recurrent early pregnancy loss.
abstract: Recurrent pregnancy loss affects up to 5% of couples trying to establish a family. Evaluation classically begins after 3 consecutive miscarriages of less than 10 weeks of gestation but may be warranted earlier if a prior miscarriage was found to be euploid, or if there is concomitant infertility and/or advancing maternal age. The evaluation begins with an extensive history and physical, followed by a diagnostic screening protocol. Management must be evidence-based; unproven treatments should be avoided. If no factor is identified, many couples will still eventually have a successful pregnancy outcome with supportive therapy alone.
authors.affiliation: Section of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA. mstephen@babies.bsd.uchicago.edu
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stephenson
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kutteh
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D003376:Counseling / Q000379:methods; D020732:Cytogenetic Analysis / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000235:genetics; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D019836:Preimplantation Diagnosis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000145:classification; D012307:Risk Factors; D013533:Gestational Carriers