title: Heritability of lung disease severity in cystic fibrosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obstructive lung disease, the major cause of mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF), is poorly correlated with mutations in the disease-causing gene, indicating that other factors determine severity of lung disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To quantify the contribution of modifier genes to variation in CF lung disease severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pulmonary function data from patients with CF living with their affected twin or sibling were converted into reference values based on both healthy and CF populations. The best measure of FEV(1) within the last year was used for cross-sectional analysis. FEV(1) measures collected over at least 4 years were used for longitudinal analysis. Genetic contribution to disease variation (i.e., heritability) was estimated in two ways: by comparing similarity of lung function in monozygous (MZ) twins (approximately 100% gene sharing) with that of dizygous (DZ) twins/siblings (approximately 50% gene sharing), and by comparing similarity of lung function measures for related siblings to similarity for all study subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-seven MZ twin pairs, 10 DZ twin pairs, and 231 sibling pairs (of a total of 526 patients) with CF were studied. Correlations for all measures of lung function for MZ twins (0.82-0.91, p < 0.0001) were higher than for DZ twins and siblings (0.50-0.64, p < 0.001). Heritability estimates from both methods were consistent for each measure of lung function and ranged from 0.54 to 1.0. Heritability estimates generally increased after adjustment for differences in nutritional status (measured as body mass index z-score).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our heritability estimates indicate substantial genetic control of variation in CF lung disease severity, independent of CFTR genotype.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Lori L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Vanscoy
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Blackman
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Collaco
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bowers
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Naughton
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Algire
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McWilliams
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoover-Fong
authors.forename: Ada
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamosh
authors.forename: Dave
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cutler
authors.forename: Garry R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Cutting
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014429:Twins, Dizygotic; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic
chemical_list: D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator