title: Clinical management of a pregnant patient with type I osteogenesis imperfecta using quantitative ultrasonometry--a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We present a case report on the clinical management of a pregnant patient with type I osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). OI is an inherited disease with an incidence in pregnancy of 1 in 25 000 to 30 000. The basic pathology is a defective maturation of type I collagen.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 35-year-old primigravida with OI and a prior history of 30 fractures is presented. During pregnancy, all antenatal ultrasound scans showed normal fetal development. At 21 weeks of gestation, the patient had to be immobilised for 3 weeks due to premature labour. At 32 weeks of gestation, the patient developed increasing pain of the lumbar spine and arthralgia of the hip joints leading to hospitalisation. After a new fracture could be excluded, treatment with metamizole and a daily dose of 1000 mg of calcium and 800 IU of vitamin D was initiated. Since her first visit at 13 weeks of gestation, the patient was monitored by Quantitative Ultrasonometry (QUS) of the phalanges to estimate the fracture risk. There was a clinically relevant continuous decrease in the amplitude-dependent speed of sound (AD-SOS) and the T-score from 2052 m/sec and - 1.03 at 12 weeks 6 days of gestation to 2004 m/sec and - 1.71 at 32 weeks 5 days of gestation which correlated with the increase in pain. At 33 weeks 5 days of gestation, an elective caesarean section was performed due to intolerable pain and increased fracture risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During pregnancy, our patient with OI showed a continuous decline in QUS variables and T-scores as well as a clinically significant increase in lumbar pain and arthralgia of the hip joints finally leading to an elective caesarean section. During pregnancy, no maternal fracture occurred, and the neonate showed a normal skeletal status without clinical signs of OI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Osteoporosis and Reproductive medicine, Clinic for Gynaecology and Oncology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Anderer
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hellmeyer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hadji
mesh_terms: D018771:Arthralgia / Q000209:etiology; D002585:Cesarean Section; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010013:Osteogenesis Imperfecta / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography