title: Feasibility of temporary biventricular pacing in patients with reduced left ventricular function after coronary artery bypass grafting.
abstract: METHODS
  Biventricular pacing improves hemodynamics after weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with severely reduced left ventricular (LV) function undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We examined the feasibility of temporary biventricular pacing for 96 hours postoperatively. Unipolar epicardial wires were placed on the roof of the right atrium (RA), the right ventricular (RV) outflow tract, and the LV free lateral wall and connected to an external pacing device in 51 patients (mean LV ejection fraction 35 +/- 4%). Pacing and sensing thresholds, lead survival and incidence of pacemaker dysfunction were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Atrial and RV pacing thresholds increased significantly by the 4th postoperative day, from 1.6 +/- 0.2 to 2.5 +/- 0.3 V at 0.5 ms (P = 0.03) at the RA, 1.4 +/- 0.3 V to 2.7 +/- 0.4 mV (P = 0.01) at the RV, and 1.9 +/- 0.6 V to 2.9 +/- 0.7 mV (P = 0.3) at the LV, while sensing thresholds decreased from 2.0 +/- 0.2 to 1.7 +/- 0.2 mV (P = 0.18) at the RA, 7.2 +/- 0.8 to 5.1 +/- 0.7 mV (P = 0.05) at the RV, and 9.4 +/- 1.3 to 5.5 +/- 1.1 mV (P = 0.02) at the LV. The cumulative overall incidence of lead failure was 24% by the 4th postoperative day, and was similar at the RV and LV. We observed no ventricular proarrhythmia due to pacing or temporary pacemaker malfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biventricular pacing after CABG using a standard external pacing system was feasible and safe.
authors.affiliation: Medical Clinic II, Universitatsklinik Schleswig Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Leubeck, Germany. eberhard@uni-luebeck.de
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Eberhardt
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hanke
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heringlake
authors.forename: Maximilian S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Massalme
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bechtel
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Misfeld
authors.forename: Uwe K H
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Wiegand
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D013997:Time Factors; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*