title: Histone deacetylase inhibitors induce apoptosis in both Type I and Type II endometrial cancer cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the molecular pathways involved in apoptosis following administration of histone deacetylase inhibitors to Type I and II endometrial cancer cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ark2, Ishikawa, and AN3 cell lines representing both Type I and II endometrial cancers were treated with various concentrations of oxamflatin and HDAC inhibitor-1. Cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry, nuclear staining, Western blotting, and mitochondrial membrane potential assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to controls, there was a 95% reduction in the growth of Ark2 cells following administration of histone deacetylase inhibitors and this response was dose-dependent. These agents also caused profound morphologic changes and loss of mitochondrial membrane potentials consistent with the induction of apoptosis. Cleavage of PARP, caspase-9, and caspase-8 was detected, confirming the activation of apoptotic cascades in endometrial carcinoma cells. This effect was present in both serous and endometrioid cell types.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that oxamflatin and HDAC inhibitor-1 have potent cytotoxicity in endometrial cancer cells by inducing cell apoptosis. Histone deacetylase inhibitors are promising agents for the treatment of both Type I and II endometrial carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Shujuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Sean C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Dowdy
authors.forename: Xue W
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Zhaoyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Monica B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Karl C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Podratz
authors.forename: Shi-Wen
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; C100692:oxamflatin