title: Diagnosis of prostate cancer in patients with an elevated prostate-specific antigen level: role of endorectal MRI and MR spectroscopic imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of our study was to determine the accuracy of endorectal MRI and MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) in the diagnosis of prostate cancer in patients with an elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively identified 40 patients with an elevated serum PSA level and without a histologic diagnosis of prostate cancer who underwent endorectal MRI and MRSI at our institution. On the basis of MRI findings alone and then combined MRI and MRSI findings, a single experienced observer rated the presence or absence of prostate cancer in each side of the prostate on a 5-point scale (1 = definitely absent, 5 = definitely present). Areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were calculated using the hemiprostate as the unit of analysis. The presence or absence of cancer on subsequent endorectal sonographically guided sextant biopsy was used as the standard of reference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Biopsy revealed no cancer in 24 patients, bilateral cancer in 11, and unilateral cancer in five. The areas under the ROC curve for the diagnosis of prostate cancer by hemigland was 0.70 for MRI alone and 0.63 for combined MRI and MRSI (no significant difference, p = 0.32).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endorectal MRI and MRSI are reasonably accurate for the diagnosis of prostate cancer in patients with an elevated serum PSA level, but the remaining limitations suggest that MRI and MRSI should be used as a supplement rather than a replacement for biopsy using the current technology and diagnostic criteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave., Rm. M-372, Box 0628, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628, USA.
authors.forename: Nick G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Costouros
authors.forename: Fergus V
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Coakley
authors.forename: Antonio C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Westphalen
authors.forename: Aliya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Qayyum
authors.forename: Benjamin M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Bonnie N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Joe
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kurhanewicz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012007:Rectum / Q000473:pathology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen