title: Postcholecystectomy sphincter of oddi dyskinesia--a diagnostic dilemma--role of noninvasive nuclear and invasive manometric and endoscopic aspects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Persistent abdominal pain after cholecystectomy is not uncommon. Sphincter of oddi dysfunction (SOD) is one of the causes for this entity. However, diagnosing SOD is often difficult. Sphincter of oddi manometry (SOM) is the gold standard. Because it is invasive and needs experienced person to perform, simple noninvasive imaging techniques are needed. Other invasive endoscopic methods also play an important role in difficult cases and before therapeutic intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of the charts of postcholecystectomy patients who presented with persistent abdominal pain and underwent quantitative hepatobiliary studies (QHBS) as per Sostre et al scoring protocol and simultaneous endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with SOM between 2003 and 2004. Additional 6 studies with SOM data that had routine nonscoring hepatobiliary study (HBS) were later identified and were included in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 24 HBS studies (22 patients) were identified, 19 performed with scoring (Sostre) and 5 with nonscoring methods. ERCP results were available for 16 patients. SOM results were available for 10 patients. Of the 19 who had Sostre's QHBS, 3 were positive and 16 were negative. All 3 QHBS positive patents also had ERCP with SOM findings of SOD. Of the 16 negative Sostre's QHBS, 8 had ERCP with SOM of which 6 had SOD, 1 had no SOD, and 1 was inconclusive. Eight patients who had negative QHBS/ HBS did not undergo further invasive gastrointestinal procedures and were followed conservatively. The rest of 5 patients with negative HBS had ERCP with SOM findings of biliary and pancreatic SOD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From our limited retrospective review, when QHBS by Sostre's is positive there is good correlation to ERCP with SOM. When negative, the agreement with ERCP with SOM is less. However, correlation of Sostre's QHBS is slightly better than nonscoring HBS. Hence, QHBS by Sostre protocol is a simple, noninvasive, and easy to use initial procedure in the management of postcholecystectomy pain syndromes and when positive can guide the gastrointestinal physicians to proceed to invasive ERCP with SOM with confidence.
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine Section, Department of Radiology, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA. vavijaya@utmb.edu
authors.forename: Vani
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vijayakumar
authors.forename: Elma G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Briscoe
authors.forename: Nonko D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Pehlivanov
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D017562:Postcholecystectomy Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D046628:Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016717:Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic