[The risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in females in Chinese rural areas].
OBJECTIVE
To explore the risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in females in Chinese rural areas.


METHODS
Based on a national multi-center, population-based and cross-sectional survey on prevalence of COPD in seven provinces/cities of China, an analysis on the risk factors for the rural females was conducted in six areas, e.g. Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Liaoning, Tianjin and Shanxi. In the national survey, for each area, one rural and one urban cluster samples were randomly selected using a multi-stage strategy. Residents who were 40 years old or older were interviewed with questionnaires and tested with spirometry. The post-bronchodilators forced expired volume in one second to forced vital capacity ratio (FEV(1)/FVC) x 100% < 70% was used as diagnostic criteria of COPD.


RESULTS
The average prevalence of COPD in females in the six Chinese rural areas was 5.4%. The prevalence varied with risk factor exposure among different areas, and the prevalence in Guangdong province was the highest among all areas. Logistic regression model was conducted, and statistical association of COPD was found with a family history of respiratory diseases (OR = 2.46, 95% CI = 1.86 - 3.26), frequent coughing during childhood (frequent coughing vs never coughing: OR = 3.93, 95% CI = 2.02 - 7.63), lower body mass index (lower body mass index vs normal body mass index: OR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.47 - 3.29), age (70 years or older vs 40 - 49 years: OR = 8.98, 95% CI = 5.90 - 13.67), smoking (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.20 - 2.35), exposure to occupational dusts (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.07 - 1.96), worse ventilation in kitchen room (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.06 - 2.03) and lower educational level (OR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.38 - 3.46).


CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of COPD in females in rural areas was associated with multiple factors and prevention of COPD for Chinese women in rural areas is warranted.
Ran
Pi-xin
PX
Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou 510120, China. pxran@gzhmc.edu.cn
Wang
Chen
C
Yao
Wan-zhen
WZ
Chen
Ping
P
Kang
Jian
J
Huang
Shao-guang
SG
Chen
Bao-yuan
BY
Wang
Chang-zheng
CZ
Ni
Dian-Tao
DT
Zhou
Yu-min
YM
Liu
Sheng-ming
SM
Wang
Xiao-ping
XP
Wang
Da-li
DL
Lü
Jia-chun
JC
Zheng
Jin-ping
JP
Zhong
Nan-shan
NS
D000328:Adult; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012423:Rural Health; D012494:Sampling Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires