title: Expression of activin and inhibin subunits, receptors and binding proteins in human pheochromocytomas: a study based on mRNA analysis and immunohistochemistry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pheochromocytomas are uncommon tumours arising from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and related paraganglia. So far, one of the few reported markers to discriminate malignant from benign tumours is the betaB-subunit of inhibin and activin, members of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta superfamily of growth and differentiation factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the expression of the mRNAs coding for activin and inhibin subunits, their receptors and binding proteins by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and studied the presence of the inhibin betaB-subunit in human pheochromocytomas by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples from resected pheochromocytomas of patients operated between 1973 and 2003 were used for experiments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The immunohistochemical investigations revealed that staining of the inhibin betaB-subunit was positive in 12 of 36 (33%) benign and 5 of 34 (15%) malignant pheochromocytomas (P > 0.05). Therefore, it was not possible to discriminate between benign and malignant tumours solely on the basis of inhibin betaB-subunit immunohistochemistry. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR in nine benign and four malignant tumours showed expression of inhibin alpha-, betaA- and betaB-subunits, the activin receptors Alk-4, ActRIIA, and ActRIIB, and the inhibin- and activin-binding proteins betaglycan and follistatin in all samples. No correlations were detected between individually coupled expression of mRNAs of these activin- and inhibin-related genes in the 13 pheochromocytomas. Only inhibin betaA-subunit expression was different in malignant compared to benign pheochromocytomas (P = 0.020).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No clear role for activin and inhibin was found in discriminating between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hofland
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: van Nederveen
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Timmerman
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Korpershoek
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: de Herder
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lenders
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Verhofstad
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: de Krijger
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: de Jong
mesh_terms: D030201:Activin Receptors, Type I / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D030301:Activin Receptors, Type II / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000175:diagnosis; D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D015152:Blotting, Northern / Q000379:methods; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D038681:Follistatin / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D028322:Inhibin-beta Subunits / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D007265:Inhibins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010673:Pheochromocytoma / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000175:diagnosis; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D038681:Follistatin; D011509:Proteoglycans; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; C103008:inhibin beta A subunit; C094377:inhibin-alpha subunit; C071736:betaglycan; D007265:Inhibins; D028322:Inhibin-beta Subunits; C498932:ACVR1B protein, human; D030201:Activin Receptors, Type I; D030301:Activin Receptors, Type II; C425585:activin receptor type II-A; C425584:activin receptor type II-B