title: Patient and hospital correlates of clinical outcomes and resource utilization in severe pediatric sepsis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our goal was to describe patient and hospital characteristics associated with in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and charges for critically ill children with severe sepsis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our study consisted of a retrospective study of children 0 to 19 years of age hospitalized with severe sepsis using the 2003 Kids' Inpatient Database. We generated national estimates of rates of hospitalization and then compared in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and total charges according to patient and hospital characteristics using multivariable regression methods. Severity of illness was measured by using all-patient refined diagnosis-related group severity of illness classification into minor, moderate, major, and extreme severity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were an estimated 21,448 hospitalizations for severe pediatric sepsis nationally in 2003. The in-hospital mortality rate was 4.2%. Comorbid illness was present in 34% of hospitalized children. Most (70%) of the extremely ill children were admitted to children's hospitals. Length of stay was longer among patients with higher illness severity and nonsurvivors compared with survivors (13.5 vs 8.5 days). Hospitalizations at urban or children's hospitals were also associated with longer length of stay than nonchildren's or rural hospitals, respectively. Higher charges were associated with higher illness severity, and nonsurvivors had 2.5-fold higher total charges than survivors. Also, higher charges were observed among hospitalizations in urban or children's hospitals. In multivariable regression analysis, multiple comorbid illnesses, multiple organ dysfunction, and greater severity of illness were associated with higher odds of mortality and longer length of stay. Higher hospital charges and longer length of stay were observed among transfer hospitalizations and among hospitalizations to children's hospitals and nonchildren's teaching hospitals compared with hospitals, which had neither children's nor teaching status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mortality from severe pediatric sepsis is associated with patient illness severity, comorbid illness, and multiple organ dysfunction. Many characteristics are associated with resource consumption, including type of hospital, source of admission, and illness severity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. fodetola@med.umich.edu
authors.forename: Folafoluwa O
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Odetola
authors.forename: Achamyeleh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gebremariam
authors.forename: Gary L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Freed
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D017722:Hospital Charges / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D040841:Resource Allocation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018805:Sepsis / Q000145:classification / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology