title: Immobilization of free-ranging maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) with tiletamine and zolazepam in central Brazil.
abstract: A tiletamine hydrochloride-zolazepam hydrochloride combination was used successfully to immobilize 27 free-ranging maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus) at a mean dose of 2.77+/-0.56 (mean+/-SD) mg/kg. The induction time ranged from 3-15 min. Animals remained immobilized for periods of 48.56 +/-12.65 min. Compulsive licking, excessive salivation, muscle twitching, muscle tremors, tachypnea, and bradycardia were observed associated with the induction of the anesthesia in 13 of 27 maned wolves. Muscle twitching, pedal withdrawal reflex, muscle tremors, and ataxia were observed during recovery in three (11%) maned wolves. There were no significant differences in heart rates (P = 0.44), respiratory rates (P = 0.82), and rectal temperatures (P = 0.54) recorded at 5, 15, and 25 min after induction at these dosages. The tiletamine hydrochloride-zolazepam hydrochloride combination was shown to be an effective and safe immobilizing agent for free-ranging maned wolves.
authors.affiliation: Jaguar Conservation Fund, P.O. Box 193, Mineiros-GO, 75830-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana Malzoni
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Furtado
authors.forename: Cynthia Kayo
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Kashivakura
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferro
authors.forename: Jácomo Anah Tereza
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.forename: Leandro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Astete
mesh_terms: D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D001938:Brazil; D046028:Canidae / Q000502:physiology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007103:Immobilization / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D013992:Tiletamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D015041:Zolazepam / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D013992:Tiletamine; D015041:Zolazepam