title: Caudal block anesthesia for transrectal prostate biopsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transrectal prostate biopsy is a potentially painful procedure. Our service has significant experience with caudal anesthesia for perianal procedures. This study is aimed to determine the effectiveness of caudal anesthesia for transrectal prostate biopsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy consecutive patients undergoing transrectal prostate biopsy were entered into the study. The patients were requested to complete a questionnaire structured to assess the pain felt during the procedure using the visual analog score (VAS). The effectiveness of the caudal anesthesia was determined by the anesthesia of the perineum and the laxity of the anal sphincter. Complications from the procedures were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the patients completed and returned the questionnaire. The average age of the respondents is 65.8 years. Among the 34 patients with caudal block, effective anesthesia was achieved in 28 patients and ineffective in six patients. However, the mean VAS for the pain from transrectal prostate biopsy was 1.49 +/- 1.93 SD (range 0-6.0) for the patients with effective caudal anesthesia and 8.02 +/- 1.79 SD (range 5.0-10.0) for patients with no caudal anesthesia. There was a reduced requirement for analgesics after prostate biopsy for patients with effective caudal anesthesia. Three patients (8.8%) had minor complications (transient dizziness) following the injection of the anesthetic into the caudal epidural space.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Satisfactory analgesia for transrectal prostate biopsy can be achieved with the use of CA and it results in better cooperation of the patient during the procedure.
authors.affiliation: Urology Unit, Department of Surgery, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, P.O. Box 8661, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria. kerowq@yahoo.com
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Ikuerowo
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Popoola
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Olapade-Olaopa
authors.forename: L I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Okeke
authors.forename: O B
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: Shittu
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Adebayo
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sanusi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000763:Anesthesia, Caudal; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology*; D012007:Rectum