title: Prevention of serious vascular events by aspirin amongst patients with peripheral arterial disease: randomized, double-blind trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prophylactic efficacy of aspirin and a high-dose antioxidant vitamin combination in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in terms of reduction of the risk of a first vascular event (myocardial infarction, stroke, vascular death) and critical limb ischaemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial with 2 x 2 factorial design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven European angiology/vascular medicine units.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 366 outpatients with stage I-II PAD documented by angiography or ultrasound, with ankle/brachial index <0.85 or toe index <0.6; 210 patients completed the follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four treatment groups: (i) oral aspirin (100 mg daily), (ii) oral antioxidant vitamins (600 mg vitamin E, 250 mg vitamin C and 20 mg beta-carotene daily), (iii) both or (iv) neither, given for 2 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Major vascular events (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction or stroke) and critical leg ischaemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven of 185 patients allocated aspirin and 20 of 181 allocated placebo suffered a major vascular event (risk reduction 64%, P = 0.022); five and eight patients, respectively, suffered critical leg ischaemia (total 12 vs. 28, P = 0.014). There was no evidence that antioxidant vitamins were beneficial (16/185 vs. 11/181 vascular events). Neither treatment was associated with any significant increase in adverse events. Inclusion of this trial in a meta-analysis of other randomized trials of anti-platelet therapy in PAD makes the overall results highly significant (P < 0.001) and suggests that low-dose aspirin reduces the incidence of vascular events by 26%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the first time direct evidence shows that low-dose aspirin should routinely be considered for PAD patients, including those with concomitant type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Research Centre on Vascular Diseases, University of Milan, L Sacco Hospital, Italy. mariella.catalano@unimi.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Catalano
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Born
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D001241:Aspirin