title: Prevalence of qnr genes in Salmonella in France.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To detect the qnrA, qnrB and qnrS genes among Salmonella isolates received at the French National Reference Centre for Salmonella in Paris, France.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disc diffusion for 499 Salmonella isolates including 320 Salmonella Typhimurium, 100 Salmonella Enteritidis and 79 Salmonella Hadar collected in 2002. Amplification with specific primers of qnrA, qnrB and qnrS genes was performed for all Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Hadar isolates resistant to quinolones and for 17 additional isolates that produced expanded-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of quinolone resistance was 3.75%, 11% and 79.7% for Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Hadar serovars, respectively. A single isolate (0.2%) was qnrA-positive (QnrA1 determinant) being a Salmonella serovar Concord carrying also the ESBL gene bla(CTX-M-15). This strain was probably from East Africa. No qnrB or qnrS genes were identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Whereas plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance of the Qnr type is emerging in Enterobacteriaceae worldwide, it remains rare in Salmonella in France.
authors.affiliation: Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique/Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Université Paris XI, K.-Bicêtre, France.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cattoir
authors.forename: François-Xavier
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Weill
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Poirel
authors.forename: Laëtitia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fabre
authors.forename: Claude-James
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Soussy
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nordmann
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003227:Conjugation, Genetic; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D015363:Quinolones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015363:Quinolones