title: Adaptor protein SH2-B linking receptor-tyrosine kinase and Akt promotes adipocyte differentiation by regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma messenger ribonucleic acid levels.
abstract: Adipocyte differentiation is regulated by insulin and IGF-I, which transmit signals by activating their receptor tyrosine kinase. SH2-B is an adaptor protein containing pleckstrin homology and Src homology 2 (SH2) domains that have been implicated in insulin and IGF-I receptor signaling. In this study, we found a strong link between SH2-B levels and adipogenesis. The fat mass and expression of adipogenic genes including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) were reduced in white adipose tissue of SH2-B-/- mice. Reduced adipocyte differentiation of SH2-B-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) was observed in response to insulin and dexamethasone, whereas retroviral SH2-B overexpression enhanced differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to adipocytes. SH2-B overexpression enhanced mRNA level of PPARgamma in 3T3-L1 cells, whereas PPARgamma levels were reduced in SH2-B-deficient MEFs in response to insulin. SH2-B-mediated up-regulation of PPARgamma mRNA was blocked by a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, but not by a MAPK kinase inhibitor. Insulin-induced Akt activation and the phosphorylation of forkhead transcription factor (FKHR/Foxo1), a negative regulator of PPARgamma transcription, were up-regulated by SH2-B overexpression, but reduced in SH2-B-deficient MEFs. These data indicate that SH2-B is a key regulator of adipogenesis both in vivo and in vitro by regulating the insulin/IGF-I receptor-Akt-Foxo1-PPARgamma pathway.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Daigo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yoshiga
authors.forename: Naoichi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Takehiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Torisu
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Ryoko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Giichi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Takaesu
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D017931:DNA Primers; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics*; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018909:src Homology Domains
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D017931:DNA Primers; D047495:PPAR gamma; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C518910:SH2B1 protein, human; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt