title: An approach to the management of paroxysmal laryngospasm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the presentation, risk factors and management of paroxysmal laryngospasm.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  A teaching hospital otolaryngology department with a subspecialty interest in airway disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients diagnosed with laryngospasm over a two-year period were reviewed. Information was obtained about disease presentation, risk factors, management and symptom resolution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Laryngospasm was diagnosed in nine women and six men. The average age at presentation was 56+/-6.5 years, and there was an 80 per cent association with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Proton pump inhibitors led to complete symptom resolution in six patients and to partial symptomatic relief, requiring no further treatment, in a further four patients. Of the remaining five patients unresponsive to proton pump inhibitor therapy, two continued to experience syncopal episodes due to laryngospasm. Both these patients achieved complete remission after laryngeal botulinum toxin injection. Symptoms recurred after three to four months and were successfully treated with a repeat injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The primary risk factor for spontaneous laryngospasm is laryngopharyngeal reflux. Symptoms are distressing and may be relieved in most cases by treatment aimed at suppressing gastric acid secretion. Laryngeal botulinum toxin injection appears to be a viable treatment modality in selected patients with refractory symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK. robholzer@waitrose.com
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Obholzer
authors.forename: S A R
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Nouraei
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kadhim
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Sandhu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007826:Laryngismus / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A