title: Cellular origins and thrombogenic activity of microparticles isolated from human atherosclerotic plaques.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we evaluated the cellular origins and thrombogenic potential of microparticles.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Human atherosclerotic plaques contain submicron vesicles (microparticles) released during cell activation or apoptosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Microparticles were purified from plaques and platelet-free plasma from 26 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. Flow cytometry analysis revealed the presence of large amounts of microparticles in plaques but not in healthy vessels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most plaque microparticles originated from leukocytes, of which 29 +/- 5% were macrophages, 15 +/- 3% lymphocytes, and 8 +/- 1% granulocytes. Plaques microparticles also derived from erythrocytes (27 +/- 4%), smooth muscle (13 +/- 4%) and endothelial cells (8 +/- 2%), but not from platelets. Plaques from asymptomatic and symptomatic patients showed no differences in microparticle origins. Microparticles were at least 200-fold more concentrated in plaque than in plasma. Plasma microparticles were primarily platelet-derived in contrast with those of plaque and showed no smooth muscle cell origin. Both plaque and plasma microparticles exposed tissue factor and generated thrombin, but this activity was twice as high in microparticles isolated from plaques, reflecting the thrombogenic contribution of the individual classes of microparticles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that microparticles are more abundant and more thrombogenic in human atherosclerotic plaques than in plasma. The different cellular origins of plaque and plasma microparticles might explain the increased thrombogenic activity of plaque microparticles.
authors.affiliation: INSERM Cardiovascular Research Center Lariboisière, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Aurélie S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Leroyer
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Isobe
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lesèche
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Castier
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wassef
authors.forename: Ziad
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mallat
authors.forename: Bernd R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Binder
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tedgui
authors.forename: Chantal M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Boulanger
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D013917:Thrombin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D013917:Thrombin