Extracellular enzymes and the pathogenesis of nematophagous fungi.
Nematophagous fungi are an important group of soil microorganisms that can suppress the populations of plant-parasitic nematodes. The pathogenic mechanisms of nematophagous fungi are diverse: They can be parasitical-mechanical through producing specialized capturing devices, or toxin-dependent. During infections, a variety of virulence factors may be involved against nematodes by nematophagous fungi. In this review, we present up-to-date information on the modes of infection by nematophagous fungi. The roles of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes and other virulence factors involved in infection against nematodes were summarized. The biochemical properties and peptide sequences of a special group of enzymes, the serine proteases, were compared, and their implications in infections were discussed. We also discussed the impact of emerging new techniques on our understanding of this unique group of fungi.
Yang
Jinkui
J
Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Yunnan University, Kunming, PR China.
Tian
Baoyu
B
Liang
Lianming
L
Zhang
Ke-Qin
KQ
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002688:Chitinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017364:Collagenases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005658:Fungi / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009348:Nematoda / Q000382:microbiology*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D010802:Phylogeny; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014774:Virulence; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D037521:Virulence Factors; D002688:Chitinases; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D017364:Collagenases