title: Attitudes to prenatal testing and termination of pregnancy for fetal abnormality: a comparison of white and Pakistani women in the UK.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the attitudes of women from two different ethnic backgrounds to prenatal testing for a range of conditions, and to see if "clusters" of attitudes to different conditions could be identified, for which prenatal testing might be offered as a package.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred and twenty white and Pakistani women living in the UK were surveyed about their attitudes to prenatal testing and termination for 30 different fetal conditions. All participants had recently had a baby.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pakistani women held more favourable attitudes to prenatal testing, but less favourable attitudes to termination than their white counterparts. Both groups were most in favour of termination for the same four conditions: anencephaly, trisomy 13 or 18, quadriplegia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The rank ordering of conditions was also similar. Only 4% of Pakistani and 2% of white women wanted no prenatal testing at all. Fewer than a quarter of participants would consider a termination of pregnancy for 85% of the conditions, but only 25% of Pakistani women and 6% of white women would consider termination for none of the conditions. More advanced statistical analyses were used to measure how closely associated the 30 conditions were in respondents' answers. These analyses identified a principal dimension, reflecting the overall perceived seriousness of the conditions, and a cluster of severely disabling conditions-anencephaly, trisomy 13 or 18, quadriplegia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and severe learning difficulties-which stood out from the rest. Even within this cluster there remained a considerable amount of individual variation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women in the study wanted to make up their own minds about the conditions that to them merited testing or termination. These findings have implications for obtaining informed consent.
authors.affiliation: Professor of the Psychology of Healthcare, Institute of Health Sciences and Public Health Research, University of Leeds School of Medicine, 15 Hyde Terrace, Leeds LS2 9LT, UK. j.hewison@leeds.ac.uk
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hewison
authors.forename: Josephine M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Shenaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Howard S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Cuckle
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hirst
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hucknall
authors.forename: Jim G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Thornton
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000025:Abortion, Eugenic / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D005817:Genetic Counseling; D006801:Humans; D010154:Pakistan / Q000208:ethnology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000208:ethnology