Cosmetic treatments and strategies for the upper face.
Botulinum toxin type A injection have become commonplace and are an essential part of the aesthetic management of the upper face. A through understanding of the interrelationships between relevant facial muscles allows clinicians to use Botox for a wide range of conditions in addition to those for which it was initially approved. This article provides an overview and strategy for using Botox to address various cosmetic issues in the upper face. The information provided serves as a practical guide for practitioners who wish to expand their everyday use of the neurotoxin.
Frankel
Andrew S
AS
Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. afrankel@laskyclinic.com
Markarian
Alex
A
D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects
D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A