Reforming the Swiss nurse education system: a policy review.
BACKGROUND
Western Europe has been swept in the last three decades by ongoing reforms within the nurse education systems. Within the Western European region, Switzerland is one of the last countries initiating the integration of nursing programs into higher education institutions.


OBJECTIVE
This article examines the nurse education reforms recently enacted in Switzerland. The specific aims of the analysis were to: (a) examine modes of reform implementation and the current status of the Swiss nurse education system; (b) compare between two new Swiss nurse education models developed in the various linguistic regions.


METHODS
A documentary search for policy documents, reports and studies related to the implementation processes of reforms was conducted through websites of various legal institutions and the Swiss university library system.


RESULTS
The analysis indicated that although a fit between environmental pressures and the reform agenda exists, the implementation of the nursing reform varied considerably between the various Swiss linguistic regions. This variation resulted in two newly created models of nurse education programs revealing a high level of variability and inconsistency. As such, the development of a unified system of nurse education, which was set as the primary goal of the reformed system, was not achieved.


CONCLUSIONS
Overall, Switzerland is contributing to the widening heterogeneity rather than to the aspired homogeneity across Western European countries.
Spitzer
Ada
A
University of Haifa, Israel and University of Lausanne, Switzerland. aspitzer@univ.haifa.ac.il
Perrenoud
Béatrice
B
D004508:Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004510:Education, Nursing, Diploma Programs / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005181:Faculty, Nursing / Q000458:organization & administration; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D017145:Models, Educational; D019303:Multilingualism; D020380:Needs Assessment / Q000458:organization & administration*; D024802:Nurse's Role; D015402:Nursing Education Research; D009937:Organizational Objectives; D016134:Organizational Policy; D011050:Policy Making; D011057:Politics; D017009:Professional Autonomy; D011361:Professional Competence; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012570:School Admission Criteria; D013557:Switzerland