Development of a PC-based diabetes simulator in collaboration with teenagers with type 1 diabetes.
BACKGROUND
The main aim of this study was to develop and test in a pilot study a PC-based interactive diabetes simulator prototype as a part of future Internet-based support systems for young teenagers and their families. A second aim was to gain experience in user-centered design (UCD) methods applied to such subjects.


METHODS
Using UCD methods, a computer scientist participated in iterative user group sessions involving teenagers with Type 1 diabetes 13-17 years old and parents. Input was transformed into a requirements specification by the computer scientist and advisors. This was followed by gradual prototype development based on a previously developed mathematical core. Individual test sessions were followed by a pilot study with five subjects testing a prototype. The process was evaluated by registration of flow and content of input and opinions from expert advisors.


RESULTS
It was initially difficult to motivate teenagers to participate. User group discussion topics ranged from concrete to more academic matters. The issue of a simulator created active discussions among parents and teenagers. A large amount of input was generated from discussions among the teenagers. Individual test runs generated useful input. A pilot study suggested that the gradually elaborated software was functional.


CONCLUSIONS
A PC-based diabetes simulator may create substantial interest among teenagers and parents, and the prototype seems worthy of further development and studies. UCD methods may generate significant input for computer support system design work and contribute to a functional design. Teenager involvement in design work may require time, patience, and flexibility.
Nordfeldt
S
S
Diabetes Research Centre, Division of Pediatrics, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. sam.nordfeldt@lio.se
Hanberger
L
L
Malm
F
F
Ludvigsson
J
J
D000293:Adolescent; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012985:Software Design
D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin