title: Endoluminal clip closure of a circular full-thickness colon resection in a porcine model (with videos).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Linear perforations of the colon can be closed by the application of clips through a colonoscope. It is unclear whether circular perforations after full-thickness resection of the colon can be closed with clips.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop an animal model for circular perforation of the colon and to study different techniques to accomplish a leakproof sealing of the circular perforation of the colon.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pilot study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten pigs: 2 perforations in the 1st pig and 1 perforation in the 2nd to 9th pigs were closed with clips. In the 10th pig, 5 perforations were created, and the dimensions of the perforation were measured.
  
  
  METHODS
  Creation of a circular full-thickness resection of the colon with a band-ligation-resection device, followed by longitudinal or transverse endoluminal closure of the perforation by using the first clip opened and applied in the 3- to 9-o'clock or the 6- to 12-o'clock direction in relation to the circular perforation, respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  The mean (standard deviation) size of circular perforation was 1.7 +/- 0.075 cm (range, 1.5-2.0 cm). Necropsy immediately after closure of the perforation was done to examine the closure and to confirm the quality of sealing with the methylene blue dye leak test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The transverse closure was unsuccessful in the closure of 3 perforations, whereas the longitudinal closure resulted in a leakproof sealing in 6 of the 7 closures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perforation of the adjacent viscera limits it to a nonsurvival study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoluminal application of clips by using the longitudinal closure technique results in a leak proof sealing of circular perforations of the colon.
authors.affiliation: Center for Endoscopic Research, Training, and Innovation (CERTAIN), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
authors.forename: Gottumukkala S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Raju
authors.forename: Ijaz
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Goro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shibukawa
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poussard
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brining
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003082:Colectomy / Q000379:methods*; D003108:Colonic Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004867:Equipment Design; D007416:Intestinal Perforation / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008026:Ligation / Q000295:instrumentation; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012422:Rupture, Spontaneous; D013536:Suture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013552:Swine; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014741:Video Recording