title: Curcumin downregulates homeobox gene NKX3.1 in prostate cancer cell LNCaP.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the effect and the mechanisms of curcumin on the expression of the human homeobox gene NKX3.1 in the prostate cancer cell LNCaP.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression change of NKX3.1 in cells incubated with varying concentrations of curcumin was observed by Western blotting and RT-PCR. A dual luciferase reporter assay was used to test the effect of curcumin on the activity of the NKX3.1 1040 bp promoter. Curcumin-treated cells disposed to a designated amount of androgen analog R1881 and the androgen receptor (AR) antagonist flutamide, then the expression of NKX3.1 or the activity of the NKX3.1 promoter were investigated by Western blotting or reporter gene assay, respectively. Finally, Western blotting and electrophoretic mobility shift assay were performed to demonstrate the effect of curcumin on the expression of AR and its binding activity to the androgen response element (ARE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Curcumin downregulated the expression of NKX3.1 and the activity of the NKX3.1 1040 bp promoter in LNCaP cells. R1881 increased the expression of NKX3.1, and the AR antagonist flutamide decreased the expression of NKX3.1 in LNCaP cells, while curcumin could inhibit androgen-AR mediated induction of NKX3.1 expression. Curcumin decreased the expression of AR and the binding activity to ARE directly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Curcumin could downregulate NKX3.1 expression in LNCaP cells. It could also inhibit the androgen-AR mediated induction of NKX3.1 expression by downregulating AR expression and blocking its DNA binding activity.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Shandong University, Ji-nan 250012, China. zhjy@sdu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hui-Na
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Chun-Xiao
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Peng-Ju
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wei-Wen
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: An-Li
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Jing-Ti
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Jian-Ye
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Charles Yf
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000494:pharmacology; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015741:Metribolone / Q000494:pharmacology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C491178:NKX3-1 protein, human; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D014157:Transcription Factors; D015741:Metribolone; D003474:Curcumin