title: Pharmacokinetics and hepatic extraction of metoprolol in rats with glycerol-induced acute renal failure.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of glycerol-induced acute renal failure (ARF) on the pharmacokinetics and hepatic extraction of metoprolol in rats. Experimental ARF in rats was induced by injections of 50% glycerol into the leg muscle (10 ml/kg). Pharmacokinetics and hepatic extraction of metoprolol was evaluated by means of intravenous, intra-intestinal, and intra-portal administration of the drug. The blood metoprolol concentration following intravenous infusion in ARF rats was similar to that in control rats. On the other hand, the blood metoprolol concentration at 5--10 min after intra-intestinal administration in ARF rats was significantly higher than that in control rats, and the oral clearance (CL/F) of the drug was significantly decreased in ARF rats. Hepatic extraction following intra-portal infusion was not altered by glycerol-induced ARF; however, hepatic first-pass extraction of metoprolol was dose-dependent and saturable in both ARF and control rats. These results suggested that the decreased CL/F of metoprolol in rats with glycerol-induced ARF is mainly a result of the increased initial absorption rate in the intestine followed by partial saturation of hepatic first-pass metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: Shigehiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taira
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.forename: Yukiya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004386:Duodenum / Q000187:drug effects; D005990:Glycerol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007700:Kinetics; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008790:Metoprolol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D003404:Creatinine; D008790:Metoprolol; D005990:Glycerol