title: Risk factors for human infection with avian influenza A H5N1, Vietnam, 2004.
abstract: To evaluate risk factors for human infection with influenza A subtype H5N1, we performed a matched case-control study in Vietnam. We enrolled 28 case-patients who had laboratory-confirmed H5N1 infection during 2004 and 106 age-, sex-, and location-matched control-respondents. Data were analyzed by matched-pair analysis and multivariate conditional logistic regression. Factors that were independently associated with H5N1 infection were preparing sick or dead poultry for consumption < or =7 days before illness onset (matched odds ratio [OR] 8.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.98-81.99, p = 0.05), having sick or dead poultry in the household < or =7 days before illness onset (matched OR 4.94, 95% CI 1.21-20.20, p = 0.03), and lack of an indoor water source (matched OR 6.46, 95% CI 1.20-34.81, p = 0.03). Factors not significantly associated with infection were raising healthy poultry, preparing healthy poultry for consumption, and exposure to persons with an acute respiratory illness.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam. peter.horby@gmail.com
authors.forename: Pham Ngoc
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Dinh
authors.forename: Hoang Thuy
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Nguyen Thi Kim
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Tien
authors.forename: Nguyen Tran
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Hien
authors.forename: Le Thi Quynh
authors.initials: le TQ
authors.lastname: Mai
authors.forename: Le Hong
authors.initials: le H
authors.lastname: Phong
authors.forename: Le Van
authors.initials: le V
authors.lastname: Tuan
authors.forename: Hoang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Van Tan
authors.forename: Nguyen Binh
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Phan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van Tu
authors.forename: Nguyen Thi Minh
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Phuong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000254:growth & development*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D011200:Poultry; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000821:virology; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014744:Vietnam / Q000453:epidemiology; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology