title: Fluctuating prostate-specific antigen levels in patients with initial negative biopsy: should we be reassured?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether the risk of having a positive repeat prostate biopsy is lower in patients with fluctuating prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels than in patients with a steady or steadily increasing PSA level.
  
  
  METHODS
  Files were extracted from the 2000-2003 databases of two teaching hospitals; 191 patients who had a first negative biopsy followed by one or more sets of biopsies and at least two PSA measurements were included. A 'fluctuating PSA level' in a patient was defined as a PSA series including at least one PSA value lower than the one immediately preceding it.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median PSA level at the first biopsy was 7 ng/mL, while that for the second, third and fourth biopsies were 8.0, 8.0 and 8.7 ng/mL, respectively. The median time between the first and second, and the second and third PSA tests was 290 and 317 days, respectively. Prostate cancer was eventually detected in 53 men (27.7%) in whom 39 it was at the first repeat biopsy. Among the 79 patients with a fluctuating PSA level, 17 (22%) had prostate cancer, vs 36 (32%) among the 112 with a 'steady' PSA level; the difference was not significant (P=0.14). When considering the 53 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer, the 17 with a fluctuating PSA level and the 36 others had no significant difference in age, T stage, first PSA level and Gleason score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the present study, by contrast with the common and unfounded view, the risk of having a positive repeat prostate biopsy was no lower in men with a fluctuating PSA level than in those with a steady or steadily increasing PSA level. The practical and economical implications warrant further studies to confirm these findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire La Miletrie, Poitiers, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Celhay
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de la Taille
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Salomon
authors.forename: Bertrand
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Doré
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Irani
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen