title: Kinematic analysis of motor dysfunction in Niemann-Pick type C.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide the first descriptive analysis of upper limb motor physiology in Niemann-Pick Type C disease (NP-C).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients with confirmed NP-C underwent motor physiology testing using accelerometry and surface EMG (sEMG). Tremor amplitude and frequency were quantified using accelerometry, and sEMG was examined for abnormal patterns consistent with various movement disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-seven percent of patients had postural tremor in the upper limbs, generally bilateral, with frequencies ranging from 0.3 to 3 Hz, and an average amplitude of 1.20+/-0.98 mm. Eighty-seven percent of patients had bilateral action tremor with frequencies ranging from 2.0 to 3.7 Hz, and an average amplitude of 5.25+/-3.76 mm. sEMG revealed long but variable duration, variable amplitude muscle burst discharges during action in some patients, as well as short high frequency irregularly timed bursts in others.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Accelerometric findings correlated with the clinical findings were most consistent with cerebellar outflow tremors. sEMG revealed a mix of dystonic, myoclonic and choreiform movements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These quantitative methods may serve as ancillary measures of disease pathophysiology, markers of change over time, and methods to evaluate efficacy, and side effects, of new treatments as they are developed.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Motor Physiology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. sp31@columbia.edu
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Floyd
authors.forename: Q P
authors.initials: QP
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Piboolnurak
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wraith
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Pullman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002648:Child; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D052556:Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D014202:Tremor / Q000503:physiopathology; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000502:physiology