title: The cytokine, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), can deliver Bcl-XL as an extracellular fusion protein to protect cells from apoptosis and retain differentiation induction.
abstract: Bcl-XL, a member of the Bcl-2 protein family, is able to suppress cell death induced by diverse stimuli in many cell types, including hematopoietic cells. Human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a cytokine that promotes the proliferation and maturation of neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages from bone marrow progenitors. We fused GM-CSF to Bcl-XL and examined the capacity of this chimera to bind human cells through the GM-CSF receptor and prevent apoptosis. We found that the chimeric protein increased the proliferation of human monocytes in culture from 24 h until at least 72 h. In the presence of different apoptotic agents, GM-CSF-Bcl-XL protected cells from induced cell death and promoted proliferation, whereas GM-CSF alone was completely inhibited. In the presence of cytarabine, GM-CSF-Bcl-XL was able also to promote the differentiation of the CD34+ myeloid precursor whereas Lfn-Bcl-XL, lacking the GM-CSF domain-stimulated cell proliferation and not differentiation. We conclude that recombinant GM-CSF-Bcl-XL binds the GM-CSF receptor on human monocyte/macrophage cells and bone marrow progenitors inducing differentiation and allowing Bcl-XL entry into cells where it blocks cell death and allows amplified cell proliferation. This fully human fusion protein has potential to prevent monocytopenia and represents a new strategy for engineering anti-apoptotic therapeutics.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Section, Surgical Neurology Branch, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antignani
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Youle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor