title: Rat supraspinatus tendon expresses cartilage markers with overuse.
abstract: The goals of this study were to investigate the response of the rat supraspinatus tendon to overuse at the molecular level using transcriptional profiling, and to identify potential markers of tendinopathy. Adult rats were subjected to an overuse protocol that consists of downhill running (10% grade) at 17 m/min for 1 h/day, 5 days/week, for a total of either 1, 2, or 4 weeks. Another group of rats served as nonrunning time 0 controls. Transcriptional profiling was performed on the supraspinatus and patellar tendons using an Affymetrix rat genome array. A gene was considered to be differentially expressed if the p value from an ANOVA test was less than 0.01 and the difference between runners and controls was at least twofold at any time point. The supraspinatus tendon had increased expression of well-known cartilage genes such as col2a1, aggrecan, and sox9. These genes were not regulated in the patellar tendon, an internal comparator. Few genes associated with inflammation, or angiogenesis, were differentially expressed, and no significant change in the regulation of matrix metalloproteinases was detected. The results of this study suggest that by expressing more cartilage genes, the tendon is converting toward a fibrocartilage phenotype as a result of the repetitive loading and repeated compression of the tendon as it passes through the acromial arch.
authors.affiliation: Wyeth Discovery Research, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Archambault
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Jelinsky
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Lake
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Glaser
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Soslowsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D012090:Cumulative Trauma Disorders / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D051445:Fibrocartilage / Q000293:injuries / Q000503:physiopathology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005819:Genetic Markers; D008297:Male; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010641:Phenotype; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017006:Rotator Cuff / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000070636:Rotator Cuff Injuries; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D016474:Weight-Bearing
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers