title: The federal government commissioner for patient issues in Germany: initial analysis of the user inquiries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The political objective in many countries worldwide is to give better consideration to the interests of patients within the health system. The establishment of a federal government commissioner for the issues of patients in the health system in Germany in 2004 is part of these endeavours. The structure and field of activities of this institution has been unique so far. This study investigates for the first time the inquiries the commissioner receives from the public.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 33% sampling (n = 850) of the written inquiries (correspondence and e-mails) addressed to the commissioner in the first six months of the year 2005 (n = 2580) was investigated. In a procedure comprising combined qualitative and quantitative levels, the material was thematically encoded and the inquiries allocated to the resulting categories (multiple nominations). The results are presented in descriptive form and investigated especially with respect to sex and age-specific differences. The interdependences between the categorized criteria are analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The inquirers are equally spread out amongst the sexes (49% women, 51% men). Older persons outweigh the younger (69% over 60 years). In most cases the issues take the form of claims (72%, n = 609). In every fifth inquiry (n = 168) the personal financial burden for health services is considered as being too high; about equally high (n = 159) is the proportion of persons who criticize the communication with health professionals, especially hospitals and doctors' surgeries. Every third who mentions a medical practice uses terms such as "uncertainty" and "anxiety". It is conspicuous that men more often than women write that they feel unfairly treated in the health system (62% vs. 38%, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Predominantly older persons seek the assistance of the federal government commissioner for patient issues. Considerable uncertainty and anxiety with respect to services and charges within the system of the German health insurances become evident. It is not possible from the data to draw conclusions concerning the impact of the commissioner's work on the health system. Nor do we gain any knowledge about the usefulness of the service for the individual. Therefore, evaluation of the political impact and the user satisfaction should follow.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Social Medicine and Health System Research, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str, 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany. schneider.nils@mh-hannover.de
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Marie-Luise
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Dierks
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Seidel
authors.forename: Friedrich W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003142:Communication; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006077:Government Agencies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017678:Sex Distribution