title: A single episode of neonatal seizures permanently alters glutamatergic synapses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The contribution of seizures to cognitive changes remains controversial. We tested the hypothesis that a single episode of neonatal seizures (sNS) on rat postnatal day (P) 7 permanently impairs hippocampal-dependent function in mature (P60) rats because of long-lasting changes at the synaptic level.
  
  
  METHODS
  sNS was induced with subcutaneously injected kainate on P7. Learning, memory, mossy fiber sprouting, spine density, hippocampal synaptic plasticity, and glutamate receptor expression and subcellular distribution were measured at P60.
  
  
  RESULTS
  sNS selectively impaired working memory in a hippocampal-dependent radial arm water-maze task without inducing mossy fiber sprouting or altering spine density. sNS impaired CA1 hippocampal long-term potentiation and enhanced long-term depression. Subcellular fractionation and cross-linking, used to determine whether glutamate receptor trafficking underlies the alterations of memory and synaptic plasticity, demonstrated that sNS induced a selective reduction in the membrane pool of glutamate receptor 1 subunits. sNS induced a decrease in the total amount of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2A and an increase in the primary subsynaptic scaffold, PSD-95.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These molecular consequences are consistent with the alterations in plasticity and memory caused by sNS at the synaptic level. Our data demonstrate the cognitive impact of sNS and associate memory deficits with specific alterations in glutamatergic synaptic function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
authors.forename: Brandon J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Cornejo
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Mesches
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coultrap
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Browning
authors.forename: Timothy A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Benke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D003712:Dendrites / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000076122:Disks Large Homolog 4 Protein; D004594:Electrophysiology; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D005260:Female; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000502:physiology*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007608:Kainic Acid; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000502:physiology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology; D019599:Mossy Fibers, Hippocampal / Q000473:pathology; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000235:genetics; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000473:pathology; D013569:Synapses / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D000076122:Disks Large Homolog 4 Protein; C501449:Dlg4 protein, rat; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C120997:NR2A NMDA receptor; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D007608:Kainic Acid