title: Hypoxic condition- and high cell density-induced expression of Redd1 is regulated by activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and Sp1 through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway.
abstract: Redd1, a recently discovered stress-response gene, is regulated by hypoxia via hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) and by DNA damage via p53/p63; however, the signaling pathway by which its expression is induced by hypoxia has not been elucidated. In the present study, we demonstrated that the expression of Redd1 in response to hypoxia (1% O(2)), hypoxia-mimetic agent, cobalt chloride (CoCl(2)) and high cell density (HCD) requires coactivation of HIF-1alpha and Sp1. CoCl(2) and HCD induced the activation of HIF-1alpha and Sp1 in HeLa cells, and siRNAs targeting HIF-1alpha and Sp1 abrogated Redd1 expression. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) by LY294002 and by a dominant-negative PI3K mutant reduced the expression of Redd1 and activation of HIF-1alpha and Sp1 by CoCl(2) and HCD. Also, suppression of Akt activation blocked the expression of Redd1 and the activation of HIF-1alpha and Sp1 by CoCl(2) and HCD. Furthermore, we found that the induction of Redd1 expression by CoCl(2) can be mediated by activation of Sp1 in HIF-1alpha-deficient cells but that a higher level of Redd1 expression is achieved when these cells are transfected with HIF-1alpha. These results demonstrate that hypoxic condition-and HCD-induced expression of Redd1 is mediated by coactivation of Sp1 and HIF-1alpha downstream of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 215-4 Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeon-Ok
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Sungkwan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Hyung-Chahn
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sang-Hyeok
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Sung-Keum
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Tae-Boo
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.forename: Doo-Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Seung-Bum
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hong-Duck
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Um
authors.forename: Su-Jae
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Myung-Jin
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jong-Il
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seok-Il
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Chang-Hun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.forename: In-Chul
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D002452:Cell Count; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C469991:DDIT4 protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt