title: The influence of interimplant distance and attachment type on the retention characteristics of mandibular overdentures on 2 implants: initial retention values.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This in vitro study aimed to investigate the influence of (1) the interimplant distance and (2) the type of attachment on the retention of mandibular overdentures on 2 implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three stone casts were fabricated, each with 2 implant analogues embedded at distances of 19, 23, and 29 mm apart. Three different interchangeable mandibular overdenture attachments were secured onto the analogues: Hader bars, ball abutments, and stainless steel keepers for new generation neodymium-iron-boron magnets. In total, 45 groups of paired attachments were tested for initial vertical peak tensile load at the 3 interimplant distances.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interimplant (interclip) distance played a significant role only in the retention produced by the Hader bar/red clip configuration. At 19 and 23 mm, the ball/socket attachments were statistically more retentive than the yellow clips, white clips, and magnets, but not compared to the red clips. At 29 mm, the ball abutments showed statistical superiority compared with all other attachments. Mean clinical intercanine distance for conventional full dentures was 22.88 mm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interimplant distance can affect the initial retention of mandibular overdentures on 2 implants depending on the type of attachment used. For a predetermined interimplant distance, attachment performance varies greatly.
authors.affiliation: gmichelinakis@hotmail.com
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Michelinakis
authors.forename: Craig W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Barclay
authors.forename: Phillip W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016734:Dental Clasps; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D003834:Denture Precision Attachment; D003781:Denture Retention / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003826:Denture, Complete, Lower; D003828:Denture, Overlay; D006801:Humans; D008280:Magnetics / Q000295:instrumentation; D003765:Models, Dental; D013718:Tensile Strength