title: Using caveolin-1 knockout mouse to study impaired detrusor contractility and disrupted muscarinic activity in the aging bladder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The caveolin-1 knockout mouse has been proposed as an animal model to study impaired bladder contractility and detrusor overactivity. This study investigated the effects of aging on detrusor contraction in wild type and caveolin-1 knockout mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Young (3-month-old) and old (1-year-old) male caveolin-1 knockout mice and their age-matched male wild type littermates (controls) were used. Longitudinal bladder strips were stimulated electrically (20 Hz) and pharmacologically using 1 to 10 microM carbachol (a nonsubtype selective cholinergic receptor agonist), 10 microM alpha,beta-methylene adenosine triphosphate (a purinergic receptor agonist), and 100 mM potassium (a depolarizing agent). Isometric bladder strip contractions were compared between the young wild type and knockout groups and between the old wild type and knockout groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bladder strips from the 1-year-old knockout mice exhibited a 40% to 42% decrease in electrical neural contractions and carbachol-evoked contractions compared with the 1-year-old wild type controls (P <0.05). Even though the bladder strips from the 3-month-old knockout mice demonstrated a smaller decrease (29% to 32%) in electrical neural contractions and carbachol-evoked contractions compared with their age-matched controls, the trend did not reach statistical significance (P >0.05). The postjunctional cholinergic pathway was specifically disrupted in caveolin-1 knockout animals because no difference was found in contractility between the knockout and wild type mice (young or old) when the bladders were stimulated by alpha,beta-methylene adenosine triphosphate or potassium. The differences in cholinergic contractility between the knockout and wild type mice became significantly greater as the animals aged from 3 months old (young bladders) to 1 year old (aged bladders).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The male caveolin-1 knockout mouse provides a much-needed animal model for the study of impaired detrusor contractility in the aging bladder.
authors.affiliation: Neurourology Laboratory, Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: H Henry
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Timothy B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Boone
authors.forename: Timothy C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Christopher P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: George T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Somogyi
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D051242:Caveolin 1; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000378:metabolism*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D051242:Caveolin 1; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D002217:Carbachol