title: A value-based medicine comparison of interventions for subfoveal neovascular macular degeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To perform a value-based medicine analysis of clinical trials that evaluate the interventions of laser photocoagulation, intravitreal pegaptanib therapy, and photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin for the treatment of classic subfoveal choroidal neovascularization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reference case cost-utility analysis using value-based medicine principles, which use patient-based utility values and standardized, input variable criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from participants in the Macular Photocoagulation Study, Pegaptanib for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Study, and the Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Photodynamic Therapy Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Visual data were converted to a value-based format using time tradeoff utility analysis values from patients with macular degeneration. Costs were obtained from 2005 Medicare data. Outcomes (quality-adjusted life-years [QALYs]) and costs were discounted at a 3% annual rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interventional QALYs gained, percent improvement in quality of life, and dollars spent per QALY gained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Laser photocoagulation confers a 4.4% (P = 0.03 versus pegaptanib therapy) improvement in quality of life for the reference case, whereas pegaptanib therapy confers a 5.9% improvement and PDT confers an 8.1% (P = 0.0002 versus pegaptanib therapy) improvement. The cost-utility associated with laser photocoagulation is $8179, that for pegaptanib therapy is $66978, and that for PDT is $31544. All sensitivity analyses remain within the conventional standards of cost-effectiveness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Photodynamic therapy confers greater patient value than intravitreal pegaptanib therapy and laser photocoagulation for the treatment of classic subfoveal choroidal neovascularization. Despite the fact that laser photocoagulation is the most cost-effective intervention, both PDT and pegaptanib therapy deliver greater value, and thus are both preferred over laser photocoagulation. Using an economic measure, photodynamic therapy is the preferred treatment among these 3 interventions.
authors.affiliation: Center for Value-Based Medicine, Flourtown, Pennsylvania 19031, USA. gbrown@valuebasedmedicine.com
authors.forename: Gary C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Melissa M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Heidi C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kindermann
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020256:Choroidal Neovascularization / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004470:Economics, Medical; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005584:Fovea Centralis; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D017075:Laser Coagulation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics*; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011788:Quality of Life; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D000077362:Verteporfin; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011166:Porphyrins; D000077362:Verteporfin; C495058:pegaptanib