title: Utilization of antenatal care services by a semi-nomadic Bedouin Arab population: evaluation of the impact of a local Maternal and Child Health Clinic.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in antenatal care (ANC) utilization among semi-nomadic Bedouin Arab women living in the Negev desert of Israel before and after the establishment of a local Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective record review of ANC utilization by pregnant women in two successive pregnancies, one before and one after the establishment of a local MCH Clinic. The study population was comprised of all 85 women who registered their newborns for care at MCH Clinic A, regardless of whether or not they had registered at the clinic for ANC. Records of their care in previous pregnancies were obtained from other MCH Clinics previously utilized by the family.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant increase in the percent of women receiving ANC from 31.8% to 57.6% with the establishment of the local MCH Clinic (p = 0.004), increase in the percent of pregnant women who had at least one physician examination from 27% to 45% (p = 0.003), in the percent who had at least 3 nursing visits from 25% to 39% (p = 0.011) and in the compliance with screening tests. There was no significant change in birth week and birth weight between pregnancies before and after the establishment of Clinic A.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study demonstrated improvement in utilization of ANC in the study population. However, after the establishment of a local MCH clinic, over 40% of pregnant women still received no ANC. Non-geographic barriers to ANC are important and need to be addressed through community-based intervention programmes.
authors.affiliation: Southern Region Office, Israeli Ministry of Health, Beer-Sheva, Israel. natalya@bgu.ac.il
authors.forename: Natalya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bilenko
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hammel
authors.forename: Ilana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Belmaker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018912:Arabs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D002662:Child Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007229:Infant Welfare; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007557:Israel; D008427:Maternal Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014171:Transients and Migrants / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*