title: [Pharmacists' interventions before and after prescription computerization in an internal medicine department].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare and analyze the number and types of pharmacist interventions when prescriptions were handwritten (period 1) or entered on 2 different computerized physician order entry systems (CPOE): Phedra (period 2) and Actipidos (period 3).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study took place over 54 weeks (18 weeks for each period) in a 46-bed internal medicine department. Pharmacist interventions were categorized as either simple substitution to an available drug or "complex" interventions such as changing dosage (D), changing drug (M), stopping or substituting in cases of contraindication or overdosing (CO), new medication (N) and identifying errors due to CPOE (C).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study analyzed 12420 prescriptions that led to 1420 interventions. There were 720 substitutions and 98 interventions in period 1, 40 and 238 in period 2, and 97 and 227 in period 3. The percentage of interventions by types for each of the three periods, respectively were D: 52, 37 and 34%; M: 21, 22 and 35%; CO: 16, 12 and 16%; N: 11, 5 and 2%; and C: 0, 24 and 13%. The errors due to CPOE were mainly wrong dosage units and duplicate orders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Introduction of CPOE drastically reduced the number of simple substitutions and significantly increased the complex interventions. CPOE introduced new risks of serious errors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our study, CPOE did not prevent medication errors and led to new types of errors. The presence and intervention of clinical pharmacists remained necessary.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacie GH Cochin, Paris.
authors.forename: Frédérique
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bouchand
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Lilia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zerhouni
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dauphin
authors.forename: Ornella
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Conort
mesh_terms: D016303:Clinical Pharmacy Information Systems; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D005602:France; D006748:Hospital Departments; D006801:Humans; D007388:Internal Medicine; D050316:Medical Order Entry Systems; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000517:prevention & control; D008510:Medication Systems, Hospital; D010595:Pharmacists; D013997:Time Factors