title: Biodegradability of dispersed crude oil at two different temperatures.
abstract: Laboratory experiments were initiated to study the biodegradability of oil after dispersants were applied. Two experiments were conducted, one at 20 degrees C and the other at 5 degrees C. In both experiments, only the dispersed oil fraction was investigated. Each experiment required treatment flasks containing 3.5% artificial seawater and crude oil previously dispersed by either Corexit 9500 or JD2000 at a dispersant-to-oil ratio of 1:25. Two different concentrations of dispersed oil were prepared, the dispersed oil then transferred to shake flasks, which were inoculated with a bacterial culture and shaken on a rotary shaker at 200 rpm for several weeks. Periodically, triplicate flasks were removed and sacrificed to determine the residual oil concentration remaining at that time. Oil compositional analysis was performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to quantify the biodegradability. Dispersed oil biodegraded rapidly at 20 degrees C and less rapidly at 5 degrees C, in line with the hypothesis that the ultimate fate of dispersed oil in the sea is rapid loss by biodegradation.
authors.affiliation: US Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States. venosa.albert@epa.gov
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Venosa
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Holder
mesh_terms: D000473:Alkanes / Q000378:metabolism; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic / Q000378:metabolism; D010578:Petroleum / Q000378:metabolism*; D012623:Seawater; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000473:Alkanes; D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; D010578:Petroleum; D013501:Surface-Active Agents