title: Recanalization and outcome after intra-arterial thrombolysis in middle cerebral artery and internal carotid artery occlusion: does sex matter?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent studies have reported sex differences in recanalization and outcome after intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in acute ischemic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed sex differences in outcome in consecutive patients with middle cerebral artery (MCA) M1 or M2 and internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion treated with intra-arterial thrombolysis (IAT). Recanalization immediately after thrombolysis and outcome after 3 months were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred five patients (111 men) with MCA and 43 (22 men) with ICA occlusion were identified. Baseline variables did not differ between the sexes except for a higher prevalence of smokers among men in the MCA group (31% vs 12%; P=0.001). Partial or complete recanalization (TIMI flow 2 or 3) of the MCA was observed in 71 (75%) women and 80 (72%) men (P=0.488). In the ICA group, 14 (67%) women and 11 men (50%) showed TIMI 2 or 3 recanalization (P=0.425). Favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0 to 2) was seen in 57 women (61%) and 63 men (57%) with MCA occlusion (P=0.512) and in 6 women (28%) and 4 men (18%) with ICA occlusion (P=0.656). After multiple-regression analyses, there was still no association between sex and outcome (P=0.763 for MCA and P=0.813 for ICA occlusion) or recanalization (P=0.488 for MCA and P=0.104 for ICA occlusion).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no association between sex and recanalization or outcome after IAT. These findings are in contrast to previous studies reporting better recanalization and outcome after IVT in women and might have implications in the selection of patients for IAT or IVT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Hospital Berne, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Liliane
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kappeler
authors.forename: Krassen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nedeltchev
authors.forename: Caspar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brekenfeld
authors.forename: Urs
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Borbala
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Keserue
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Remonda
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schroth
authors.forename: Heinrich P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Mattle
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002341:Carotid Artery Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016896:Treatment Outcome