title: Glove and gender effects on muscular fatigue evaluated by endurance and maximal voluntary contraction measures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of gender and gloves on hand fatigue, measured by the reduction in grip strength (delta MVC), the shift in time needed to reach maximal voluntary contraction (MVC; deltaTMC), and the maximal endurance time (MET).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Information about the effect of gloves on muscle fatigue seems to be less plentiful than that on hand strength, dexterity, sensation, and so on.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten male and 10 female volunteers served as participants. A task of sustained gripping until exhaustion was used as the designated fatigue protocol. Three gloved conditions were evaluated: bare-handed and single (Cotton 1) and double (Cotton 2) cotton gloves.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After completion of the fatigue protocol, a greater reduction in grip strength was found for men than for women in both magnitude and percentage. Male deltaTMVC was significantly greater; that is, there was more delay in time needed to reach the MVC for men than for women when the fatigue protocol was completed. MET was longer for men than for women. During gloved conditions, except for the deltaMVC, glove use did not change any of the other responses. Specifically, the gloved effect on deltaMVC depended upon gender.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Men had a greater reduction in grip strength and took longer to reach the MVC than did women after the fatigue protocol. Except for decreasing the deltaMVC, whether or not gloves were worn did not change any of the other responses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data are useful for glove design, manufacture, and selection.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Logistics Management, National Defense University, P.O. Box 90046-15, Beitou, Taipei, 112, Taiwan. river.amy@msa.hinet.net
authors.forename: Yuh-Chuan
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Shih
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D017575:Gloves, Protective; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D012737:Sex Factors