title: Patient variables that predict atypical cytology by nipple duct lavage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nipple duct lavage (NDL) may be useful for breast cancer risk stratification. Published guidelines recommend that women with a 5-year Gail risk >/=1.7% should consider undergoing lavage for any fluid-yielding ducts, but it is not known whether increased breast cancer risk or nipple fluid production predict lavage atypia.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred fifty women unselected for breast cancer risk underwent NDL with cannulation of all nipple aspirate fluid (NAF)-producing ducts and at least 1 dry duct. This resulted in 516 lavage samples. The rate of cytologic atypia was compared for NAF-positive ducts and NAF-negative ducts and for women with 5-year Gail risks >/=1.7% and <1.7%. Ducts from breasts with cancer (N = 113) were excluded from the analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cytologic atypia rate was similar for the 240 NAF-producing ducts (19%) and the 163 dry ducts (15%; P = .36). No significant differences were observed when atypia was categorized as mild (13% vs 10%; P = .63) or marked (6% vs 4%; P = .53). Among the 83 patients who were unaffected by breast cancer, atypia was diagnosed in 15 of 44 patients (34%) with a 5-year Gail risk <1.7% and in 11 of 39 patients (28%) with a 5-year Gail risk >/=1.7% (P = .74).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neither NAF production nor 5-year Gail risk predicted lavage atypia. Limiting NDL to fluid-producing ducts in women with a 5-year Gail risk >/=1.7% significantly reduced the sensitivity of the test for population screening.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Zinaida I
authors.initials: ZI
authors.lastname: Bushnaq
authors.forename: Raheela
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ashfaq
authors.forename: A Marilyn
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Leitch
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Euhus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001940:Breast / Q000166:cytology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D018275:Carcinoma, Lobular / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D003581:Cytodiagnosis / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009558:Nipples / Q000473:pathology*; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000473:pathology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation