Botulinum toxins for facial wrinkles: beyond glabellar lines.
Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) has been used for years with excellent results for upper facial cosmetic applications. Because of this success, the use of BOX-A for facial aesthetics has expanded to the lower facial and neck regions. BTX-A, especially when used in combination with fillers, has generally proven to be safe and efficacious in these areas. For optimal results, however, several issues must be taken into considerations, including dosing differences versus upper facial applications, the specific type of botulinum toxin used and the importance of precise placement and injection technique. In this article, the authors present their experience with BTX-A in the lower face and neck, and compare and contrast their current practices with those reported by others.
Dayan
Steven H
SH
Department of Otolaryngology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. sdayan@drdayan.com
Maas
Corey S
CS
D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005145:Face; D005546:Forehead; D006801:Humans; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects*
D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A