title: Evaluation of the multiple pass, low fluence algorithm for radiofrequency tightening of the lower face.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Non-ablative monopolar radiofrequency technology delivers heat to the deep dermis and subdermal layers of the skin to improve facial laxity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the multiple pass, low fluence treatment algorithm for lower face laxity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-six subjects with moderate facial laxity were treated with a maximum of 5 passes over the lower face and neck. Treated areas were evaluated using the Leal Laxity Classification System and by independent photographic assessment. Measurements of skin stiffness and energy absorption were taken with the BTC2000 device.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average treatment level was 62.0 (83 J/cm(2)) with 556 pulses per treatment. At the 6 month follow-up visit, 92% of patients had a measurable improvement in overall appearance. Independent photographic review revealed improvement in 84% of subjects at 6 months. Objective measures utilizing the BTC2000 device demonstrated improvement that diminished with time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The low-fluence, multiple pass technique is an effective algorithm for radiofrequency skin tightening.
authors.affiliation: SkinCare Physicians, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA. mabogle@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Melissa A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bogle
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ubelhoer
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Flor
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mayoral
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kaminer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D005145:Face; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009333:Neck; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D000078702:Radiofrequency Therapy; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012867:Skin / Q000528:radiation effects*; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000528:radiation effects*