title: Leptin suppresses ghrelin-induced activation of neuropeptide Y neurons in the arcuate nucleus via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase- and phosphodiesterase 3-mediated pathway.
abstract: Neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) play a central role in stimulation of feeding. They sense and integrate peripheral and central signals, including ghrelin and leptin. However, the mechanisms of interaction of these hormones in NPY neurons are largely unknown. This study explored the interaction and underlying signaling cross talk between ghrelin and leptin in NPY neurons. Cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in single neurons isolated from ARC of adult rats was measured by fura-2 microfluorometry. Ghrelin increased [Ca(2+)](i) in 31% of ARC neurons. The [Ca(2+)](i) increases were inhibited by blockers of phospholipase C, adenylate cyclase, and protein kinase A. Ghrelin-induced [Ca(2+)](i) increases were suppressed by subsequent administration of leptin. Fifteen of 18 ghrelin-activated, leptin-suppressed neurons (83%) contained NPY. Leptin suppression of ghrelin responses was prevented by pretreatment with inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) but not MAPK. ATP-sensitive potassium channel inhibitors and activators did not prevent and mimic leptin suppression, respectively. Although leptin phosphorylated signal-transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in NPY neurons, neither STAT3 inhibitor nor genetic STAT3 deletion altered leptin suppression of ghrelin responses. Furthermore, orexigenic effect of intracerebroventricular ghrelin in rats was counteracted by leptin in a PDE3-dependent manner. These findings indicate that ghrelin increases [Ca(2+)](i) via mechanisms depending on phospholipase C and adenylate cyclase-PKA pathways in ARC NPY neurons and that leptin counteracts ghrelin responses via a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-PDE3 pathway. This interaction may play an important role in regulating ARC NPY neuron activity and, thereby, feeding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Division of Integrative Physiology, Jichi Medical University, School of Medicine, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakata
authors.forename: Fumihiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maekawa
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maejima
authors.forename: Motoki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuramochi
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimazaki
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okano
authors.forename: Tatsushi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Onaka
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yada
mesh_terms: D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001111:Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D054684:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D054439:Ghrelin; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D009478:Neuropeptide Y / Q000378:metabolism; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D054439:Ghrelin; D020738:Leptin; D009478:Neuropeptide Y; D036361:Peptide Hormones; D015221:Potassium Channels; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D005576:Colforsin; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; D054684:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; D002118:Calcium