title: Whole body MR imaging in ankylosing spondylitis: a descriptive pilot study in patients with suspected early and active confirmed ankylosing spondylitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disorder which usually begins in early adulthood. The diagnosis is often delayed by many years. MR imaging has become the preferred imaging method for detection of early inflammation of the axial skeleton in ankylosing spondylitis. The goal of this study was to assess the frequency and distribution of abnormalities on whole body MR imaging in patients with suspected early ankylosing spondylitis and with active confirmed ankylosing spondylitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients with suspected early ankylosing spondylitis and ten patients with confirmed ankylosing spondylitis were enrolled. On an 18-channel MR system, coronal and sagittal T1 weighted and STIR sequences were acquired covering the entire spine, sacrum, anterior chest wall, shoulder girdle, and pelvis. The total examination time was 30 minutes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both groups inflammatory lesions of the lower thoracic spine were frequent (number of patients with suspected early/confirmed ankylosing spondylitis: 7/9). In confirmed ankylosing spondylitis the upper thoracic spine (3/6) and the lumbar spine (4/8) were more commonly involved. The inferior iliac quadrant of the sacroiliac joints was frequently altered in both groups (8/8). The superior iliac (2/5), inferior sacral (6/10) and superior sacral (3/6) quadrants were more frequently affected in confirmed ankylosing spondylitis. Abnormalities of the manubriosternal joint (2/4), the sternoclavicular joints (1/2) and hip joint effusion (4/3) were also seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In both suspected early ankylosing spondylitis and confirmed ankylosing spondylitis, whole body MR examinations frequently demonstrate inflammatory lesions outside the sacroiliac joints. These lesions are similarly distributed but occur less frequently in suspected early compared to confirmed ankylosing spondylitis. Due to the small sample size in this pilot study these results need to be confirmed in larger studies with this emerging technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Balgrist University Hospital, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland. ulrich.weber@balgrist.ch
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Christian W A
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Pfirrmann
authors.forename: Rudolf O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Kissling
authors.forename: Juerg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hodler
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zanetti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002968:Clavicle / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010388:Pelvis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012446:Sacroiliac Joint / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018401:Sample Size; D013131:Spine / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013167:Spondylitis, Ankylosing / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013249:Sternum / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D021801:Zygapophyseal Joint / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology