title: APOBEC-mediated viral restriction: not simply editing?
abstract: The APOBEC family of cytidine deaminases inhibit the mobility of diverse retroviruses, retrotransposons and other viruses. Initial reports proposed that these effects were due to the DNA editing capabilities of these enzymes; however, many recent studies have provided evidence suggesting that APOBEC proteins can inhibit these elements by several mechanisms, including editing-dependent and editing-independent processes. Investigating these modes of action and the potential contribution that each one makes to the antiviral activities of various APOBEC proteins is vital if we are to understand how APOBEC proteins protect host genomes from invading nucleic acids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London School of Medicine, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
authors.forename: Rebecca K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Malim
authors.forename: Kate N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Bishop
mesh_terms: D000071479:APOBEC-1 Deaminase; D000071480:APOBEC-3G Deaminase; D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase / Q000378:metabolism*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000378:metabolism; D017977:Deltaretrovirus / Q000187:drug effects; D016346:Gene Products, vif / Q000378:metabolism; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D009052:Leukemia Virus, Murine / Q000187:drug effects; D009700:Nucleoside Deaminases / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018626:Retroelements / Q000502:physiology; D013045:Species Specificity; D016092:Spumavirus / Q000187:drug effects; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*; D054320:vif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral; D016346:Gene Products, vif; D011506:Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D018626:Retroelements; D054320:vif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D009700:Nucleoside Deaminases; D000071479:APOBEC-1 Deaminase; C000605089:APOBEC1 protein, human; D000071480:APOBEC-3G Deaminase; C121399:APOBEC3A protein, human; C464924:APOBEC3G protein, human; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase