title: [Clinical characteristics of urolithiasis with stone analysis conducted over a 26-year period].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stone analysis is an important examination for treatment and prevention of recurrence in urolithiasis. A twenty-six years clinical study of patient with urinary stone formers performed stone analysis was conducted.
  
  
  METHODS
  1,108 stone formers (male 726, female 382) who performed stone analysis from 1977 to 2002 was conducted. Location of the stone, sex, age, treatment and stone analysis was examined in this study. Phase 1 is from 1977 to 1983 mainly performed open surgery, phase 2 is from 1984 to 1992 mainly performed endoscopic surgery, and phase 3 is from 1993 to 2002 mainly performed extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analytic numbers per year increased, especially phase 3. In the treatment of upper urinary tract (UUT) stone, open surgery, endoscopic surgery and SWL was carried out 78.4%, 72.8% and 71.4% of all cases in each phase. Many transurethral lithotripsy were performed for lower urinary tract (LUT) stone. The numbers of UUT and LUT stone were 1,007 and 101 cases. The frequency of LUT stone was higher than that found in a nationwide urolithiasis survey carried out in Japan in 1995. The male-female ratio of UUT stone was 2.35:1, 1.74:1 in phase 2 and 3. The frequency of female increased in phase 2 more than that in phase 3. The incidence of calcium oxalate stone was increased, calcium phosphate stone and infectious stone was significantly decreased in UUT and calcium containing stone in LUT was decreased. The average age for incidence of UUT stone rose in man step by step. The frequency in male was significantly higher than that in female under 50's, not significantly higher over 50's in calcium oxalate with calcium phosphate stone former (p = 0.009).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the present study, the clinical features were as follows : important urinary stone analysis, high frequency of LUT stone, high frequency in females, tendency to aging, high frequency of calcium containing stone in LUT, resolution of the difference in male and female over 50's in calcium oxalate with calcium phosphate stone former.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Asahikawa Medical College.
authors.forename: Mitsuhiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okuyama
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kita
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Hidehiro
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kakizaki
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujisawa
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Niibori
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000032:analysis*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000032:analysis*; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000150:complications; D012008:Recurrence; D012737:Sex Factors; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000150:complications; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000628:therapy; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002129:Calcium Oxalate; C020243:calcium phosphate