title: Major biological effects induced by the skin secretion of the tree frog Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis.
abstract: Amphibian skin secretions contain several bioactive compounds such as biogenic amines, alkaloids, steroids, proteins and peptides; being peptides a continuously growing field of interest. This work aims to describe the main physiopathological properties of the tree frog Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis skin secretion, obtained by manual stimulation of the dorsal skin surface. Intravenous skin secretion administration provoked lethal effect in mice after 5min. Low doses induced significant systemic and local effects like edema and nociception in mice and topic administration induced myonecrosis in the endothelium of cremaster mice. The presence of phospholipase A(2) activity, proteolytic activity and creatine kinase activity (in the plasma of treated mice) are reported and are very likely to be related to the physiopathological (edematic and myotoxic) activities observed. These data provide in vivo evidence of the complex toxic effects of the P. hypochondrialis skin secretion as well as possible mechanisms of action for these effects.
authors.affiliation: LETA (Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada) Center for Applied Toxinology (CAT/CEPID), Instituto Butantan, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Katia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Conceição
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Miriane Bruni
authors.forename: Marta M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Antoniazzi
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jared
authors.forename: Antonio Carlos M
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.forename: Mônica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lopes-Ferreira
authors.forename: Daniel C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Pimenta
mesh_terms: D000664:Amphibian Venoms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura / Q000378:metabolism*; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000097:blood; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000664:Amphibian Venoms; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D010741:Phospholipases A; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases