title: Reversible anesthesia of Southeast Asian primates with medetomidine, zolazepam, and tiletamine.
abstract: Medetomidine (0.02-0.06 mg/kg) in combination with zolazepam-tiletamine (0.8-2.3 mg/kg) were evaluated for reversible anesthesia in four species of Southeast Asian primates: Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus), Bornean gibbon (Hylobates muelleri), long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis), and pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina). Twenty-three anesthetic procedures of captive-held and free-ranging primates were studied in Sabah, Malaysia. The induction was smooth and rapid. Respiratory and heart rates were stable throughout anesthesia, whereas body temperature and systolic arterial blood pressure decreased significantly. Atipamezole at five times the medetomidine dose effectively reversed anesthesia, with first signs of recovery within 3-27 min.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7018, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Asa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fahlman
authors.forename: Edwin J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Bosi
authors.forename: Girel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nyman
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006922:Hylobates / Q000502:physiology*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008252:Macaca fascicularis / Q000502:physiology*; D008254:Macaca nemestrina / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D020926:Medetomidine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011148:Pongo pygmaeus / Q000502:physiology*; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D013045:Species Specificity; D013992:Tiletamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013997:Time Factors; D015041:Zolazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D007093:Imidazoles; C050701:atipamezole; D013992:Tiletamine; D015041:Zolazepam; D020926:Medetomidine