title: Dose dependent elevation of plasma tocotrienol levels and its effect on arterial compliance, plasma total antioxidant status, and lipid profile in healthy humans supplemented with tocotrienol rich vitamin E.
abstract: Tocotrienols are a class of vitamin E reported to be potent antioxidants, besides having the ability to inhibit the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme. This study assessed the effects of 3 doses of tocotrienol-rich vitamin E (TRE) on plasma tocotrienol isomer concentration, arterial compliance, plasma total antioxidant status (TAS), aortic systolic blood pressure (ASBP), serum total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in healthy males.
  
  
  METHODS
  This randomised, blinded end-point, placebo-controlled clinical trial with a parallel design involved 36 healthy male subjects who took either an oral placebo or TRE at doses of 80, 160 or 320 mg daily for 2 mo. Baseline and end-of-treatment measurements of vitamin E concentration, arterial compliance [assessed by aortic femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AI)], ASBP, plasma TAS, serum TC and LDL-C were taken.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline tocotrienol isomer concentrations were low and not detectable in some subjects. Upon supplementation, all TRE-treated groups showed significant difference from placebo for their change in alpha, gamma and delta tocotrienol concentrations from baseline to end of treatment. There was a linear dose and blood level relationship for all the isomers. There was no significant difference between groups for their change in PWV, AI, plasma TAS, ASBP, TC or LDL-C from baseline to end of treatment. Groups 160 mg (p = 0.024) and 320 mg (p = 0.049) showed significant reductions in their ASBP. Group 320 mg showed a significant 9.2% improvement in TAS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TRE at doses up to 320 mg daily were well tolerated. Treatment significantly increased alpha, delta, and gamma tocotrienol concentrations but did not significantly affect arterial compliance, plasma TAS, serum TC or LDL-C levels in normal subjects.
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kelantan, Malaysia. aida@kb.usm.my
authors.forename: Aida H G
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Rasool
authors.forename: Kah H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Yuen
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yusoff
authors.forename: Abdul R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Abdul R A
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Rahman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003187:Compliance / Q000187:drug effects; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D024508:Tocotrienols / Q000097:blood*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008055:Lipids; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D024508:Tocotrienols; D014810:Vitamin E; D002784:Cholesterol