title: Temporal synergism by microencapsulation of piperonyl butoxide and alpha-cypermethrin overcomes insecticide resistance in crop pests.
abstract: A microencapsulated formulation that gives a burst release of piperonyl butoxide (PBO) several hours before a burst release of a conventional pyrethroid can effectively overcome metabolic resistance in Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), Aphis gossypii Glover and Myzus persicae Sulzer. This increase in efficacy against resistant pests was reflected in a field trial against B. tabaci on cotton, eliminating the need for two treatments. The ratio between the active insecticide and the synergist was found to be crucial in reducing resistance factors.
authors.affiliation: Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK.
authors.forename: Georgina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bingham
authors.forename: Robin V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Gunning
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gorman
authors.forename: Linda M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Field
authors.forename: Graham D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Moores
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000633:toxicity; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000187:drug effects*; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity; D007915:Lepidoptera / Q000187:drug effects*; D010574:Pesticide Synergists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D007306:Insecticides; D010574:Pesticide Synergists; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017160:cypermethrin; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide