title: Independent prognostic value of C-reactive protein and coronary artery disease extent in patients affected by unstable angina.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have reported conflicting results on the association between C-reactive protein (CRP) and extent of atherosclerosis, suggesting that the association between CRP and outcome in patients with acute coronary syndromes is independent of coronary artery disease extent. We tested this hypothesis in a selected population of patients with unstable angina undergoing coronary angiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-seven consecutive patients with unstable angina were enrolled in this single-centre study. All patients underwent coronary angiography. CRP was measured by an ultrasensitive nephelometric method. We also measured serum levels of soluble CD40 ligand by ELISA and plasma fibrinogen levels by use of the Clauss method. Atherosclerotic disease severity and extent were assessed by angiography using the Bogaty score. The extent index refers to the proportion of the coronary tree affected by detectable atheroma on angiography. The primary end-point at 6 months was a composite of: (a) death, (b) myocardial infarction, and (c) recurrence of unstable angina requiring hospitalization. Cardiac death was the secondary end-point.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant correlation was found between baseline CRP serum levels and angiographic measures of atherosclerotic disease severity and extent, whereas a trend for a significant correlation was found between soluble CD40 ligand and extent index (p=0.06). Diabetic patients exhibited a higher extent index compared to non-diabetic patients (0.94+/-0.1 versus 0.7+/-0.04, p=0.04). Predictors of primary end-point at both univariate and multivariate analysis were: extent index (p=0.04 and 0.04, respectively), CRP levels (p=0.05 and 0.02, respectively), and lack of revascularization (p=0.03 and 0.02, respectively). Fibrinogen levels were the only independent predictor of cardiac death at follow-up (p=0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study we demonstrate that in patients with unstable angina, CRP serum levels and coronary atherosclerosis are not correlated, but both are independently associated with a worse outcome at 6-month follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy. gniccoli73@hotmail.it
authors.forename: Giampaolo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Niccoli
authors.forename: Luigi M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Biasucci
authors.forename: Carmine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Biscione
authors.forename: Beatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fusco
authors.forename: Italo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Porto
authors.forename: Antonio Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.forename: Roberta Della
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Bona
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dato
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liuzzo
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Crea
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000097:blood*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000097:blood; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D023201:CD40 Ligand; D002097:C-Reactive Protein