title: Transfer of lens-specific transcripts to retinal RNA samples may underlie observed changes in crystallin-gene transcript levels after ischemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Retinal ischemia appears to lead to alterations in retinal transcript levels of a group of genes known to be abundantly expressed in the lens. Our purpose is to study whether these alterations are truly the result of retinal ischemia or whether they could be caused by contamination of the retinal tissue with trace amounts of lens tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Changes occurring in the retinal gene expression profile after induction of retinal ischemia were assessed by oligonucleotide microarrays and by real-time quantitative PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microarray analysis of the retinal gene expression profile after 5 or 60 min ischemia showed altered transcript levels for a group of genes with functions related to "structural constituent of eye lens" (23 genes, predominantly crystallins). Subsequent qPCR assays for this set of genes showed extremely high variations in transcript levels between individual animals of both control and ischemia-treated groups. However, the relative transcript levels, or expression profile, of these genes was constant in all samples. The transcript levels of these genes were on average 2624-times higher in tissue samples isolated from the superficial layers of the total lens. Moreover, all 23 genes had high expression levels in lens compared to retina as was shown by microarray.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From these data, it appears plausible that during isolation of the retina, trace amounts of lens tissue may end up in the studied retinal samples. This would explain the high level of variability in transcript levels of genes, the strong correlation of relative levels between samples, and the link with lens-specific function of the "altered" genes. Changes in crystallin gene expression in other models of retinal degeneration have been reported and a careful examination of the transcript level of other lens-specific genes is essential to rule out a possible confounding effect of lens-material transfer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Ophthalmogenetics, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience-KNAW, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. w.kamphuis@nin.knaw.nl <w.kamphuis@nin.knaw.nl>
authors.forename: Willem
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kamphuis
authors.forename: Frederike
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dijk
authors.forename: Willem
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kraan
authors.forename: Arthur A B
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bergen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003459:Crystallins / Q000235:genetics*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D007511:Ischemia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000378:metabolism*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism*; D012171:Retinal Vessels
chemical_list: D003459:Crystallins; D012313:RNA