The prevalence of atherosclerosis in cirrhotic patients: assessment of two aspects of atherosis and sclerosis.
OBJECTIVE
In general, cirrhotic patients are known to have a low prevalence of cardiovascular disease. Cirrhosis is often accompanied by diabetes mellitus, while blood pressure and serum cholesterol levels are low in liver cirrhosis. We examined the atherosclerosis of patients with chronic liver disease by two phases of atherosis "lipid deposition" and sclerosis "arterial fibrosis."


METHODS
Atherosis was assessed by carotid intima-media thickness and the ratio of the systolic blood pressure at the ankle to the average systolic blood pressure at the right arm (ankle brachial pressure index), while sclerosis was evaluated by brachial ankle pulse wave velocity.


RESULTS
There were no significant differences in intima-media thickness and ankle brachial index among grades of cirrhosis. Brachial ankle pulse wave velocity decreased closely as the severity of cirrhosis progressed (F = 4.90, P < 0.05). In univariate analysis, brachial ankle pulse wave velocity was correlated with systolic blood pressure, age, total bilirubin, albumin, prothrombin time, retention rate of indocyanine green at 15 min, blood ammonia, branched chain amino acids/tyrosine molar rate and fasting blood sugar. Multiple regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure and total bilirubin were independent factors for the inhibition of vascular sclerosis progression.


CONCLUSIONS
Although no difference in atherosis between cirrhotic patients and healthy controls was found, vascular sclerosis was decreased with the severity of cirrhosis through hypotension and hyperbilirubinemia.
Kawakami
Manri
M
Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan.
Koda
Masahiko
M
Murawaki
Yoshikazu
Y