title: Post-traumatic stress disorder among wives of Kuwaiti veterans of the first Gulf War.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among wives of Gulf War Kuwaiti military men, divided into four groups according to degree of combat exposure: the retired, an active-in-the-army group (AIA) (involved in duties at the rear); an in-battle group (IB) (involved in combat); and a prisoners-of-war (POWs) group. To assess the relationship between wives' PTSD and indices of family adjustment, husbands' level of combat exposure, and PTSD status.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and seventy-six wives were assessed with the PTSD Checklist for DSM-IV, the family adjustment device, and for anxiety/depression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty (28.4%) fulfilled criteria for probable PTSD. The prevalence was significantly associated with husbands' combat exposure, her presence in Kuwait, but not with husbands' PTSD status. Wives' PTSD was mostly predicted by their depression/anxiety scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings support the salience of effective social support, and the need for women empowerment issues in psychosocial intervention for this group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, College of Education, Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, Kuwait P.O. Box 117, Safat 13002, Kuwait.
authors.forename: Fawziyah A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Al-Turkait
authors.forename: Jude U
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Ohaeri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D047830:Gulf War; D006801:Humans; D007730:Kuwait; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology*; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014481:United States; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology*