title: LRP5 coding polymorphisms influence the variation of peak bone mass in a normal population of French-Canadian women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bone mineral density has a strong genetic component but it is also influenced by environmental factors making it a complex trait to study. LRP5 gene was previously shown to be involved in rare diseases affecting bone mass. Mutations associated with gain-of-function were described as well as loss-of-function mutations. Following this discovery, many frequent LRP5 polymorphisms were tested against the variation of BMD in the normal population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Heel bone parameters (SOS, BUA) were measured by right calcaneal QUS in 5021 healthy French-Canadian women and for 2104 women, BMD evaluated by DXA at two sites was available (femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS)). Among women with QUS measures and those with DXA measures, 26.5% and 32.8% respectively were premenopausal, 9.2% and 10.7% were perimenopausal and 64.2% and 56.5% were postmenopausal. About a third of the peri- and postmenopausal women never received hormone therapy. Two single nucleotide coding polymorphisms (Val667Met and Ala1330Val) in LRP5 gene were genotyped by allele-specific PCR. All bone measures were tested individually for associations with each polymorphism by analysis of covariance with adjustment for non genetic risk factors. Furthermore, haplotype analysis was performed to take into account the strong linkage disequilibrium between the two polymorphisms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The two LRP5 polymorphisms were found to be associated with all five bone measures (L2L4 and femoral neck DXA as well as heel SOS, BUA and stiffness index) in the whole sample. Premenopausal women drove the association as expected from the proposed role of LRP5 in peak bone mass. Our results suggest that the Val667Met polymorphism is the causative variant but this remains to be functionally proven.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Recherche en Génétique Humaine et Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital St-François d'Assise du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada G1L 3L5.
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giroux
authors.forename: Latifa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Elfassihi
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cardinal
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Laflamme
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rousseau
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D002170:Canada / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000208:ethnology; D006239:Haplotypes; D006728:Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D026502:LDL-Receptor Related Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D060492:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-5; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D026502:LDL-Receptor Related Proteins; C555482:LRP5 protein, human; D060492:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-5