title: Caregiver objective burden and assessments of patient-centered, family-focused care for frail elderly veterans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is a growing consensus that quality of care for frail elders should include family and be evaluated in terms of patient-centered, family-focused care (PCFFC). Family caregivers are in a unique and sometimes sole position to evaluate such care. In the context of caring for physically frail elders, this study examined the extent to which objective burden was associated with caregiver perceptions of PCFFC and the extent to which it mediated the influence of other variables on perceptions of PCFFC.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a study of frail elderly veterans receiving care in U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs ambulatory primary care clinics, informal caregivers assessed quality of care with 13 questions. Factor analysis of these items revealed an eight-item scale that specifically assessed PCFFC (alpha =.90). Regression analysis identified variables associated with caregiver (N = 210) assessments of PCFFC and the potential mediating effect of objective burden.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Caregiver assessments of PCFFC were positively associated with care recipient instrumental activity of daily living limitations (p =.04) and perspectives on the quality of their own patient care (p <.001). Greater objective burden was negatively associated with caregiver assessments of PCFFC (p <.001) and mediated (i.e., reduced) the relationship between care recipient perceptions of the quality of their own patient care and caregiver assessments of PCFFC (DeltaR(2) =.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support recommendations for conducting caregiver assessments as part of routine care and highlight the importance of measuring objective burden and expectations for PCFFC in assisting physically frail elders. Primary care providers will require additional training in order to effectively implement and translate such caregiver assessments into clinical practice improvement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine-Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Case Western Reserve University, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA. Julia.Rose@case.edu
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hannum Rose
authors.forename: Karen F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Bowman
authors.forename: Elizabeth E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: O'Toole
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abbott
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Love
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Neal V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Dawson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology / Q000592:standards*; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018802:Patient-Centered Care; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012938:Social Perception; D014481:United States; D014728:Veterans