title: [Association between parental transforming growth factor alpha gene TaqI variant, paternal smoking and the cleft lip with or without cleft palate].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the association between transforming growth factor alpha gene (TGFalpha) TaqI variant and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (nsCL/P) in Chinese population, and the interaction with parental smoking.
  
  
  METHODS
  TGFalpha TaqI variant was detected using RFLP-PCR for DNA samples of the 170 triads with nsCL/P affected child. We performed the transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) and the family-based association study (FBAT) to test the associations between this variant and risk of nsCL/P.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was not found significant distortion of C2 allele at TGFalpha TaqI locus in nsCL/P groups (P > 0.05), however, by stratified analysis, we found that the rate of C2 allele transmission among nuclear families whose fathers were smoking was 1/5 (0.062 - 0.711) as compared with that among nuclear families whose fathers were not smoking, and the OR of interaction between TGFalpha variant and parental smoking is 0.102 (0.017 - 0.619).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The parental smoking may interact with TGFalpha variants of Chinese populations in occurrence of nsCL/P, but it remains to have more investigations.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, National Reference Laboratory on Reproductive Health Research, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Jiang-Hui
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Ai-Guo
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Li-Jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.forename: Bo-Lan
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Min-Xia
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xia-Mei
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Mei-Fang
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Hai-Lan
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zhu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005220:Fathers; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011247:Pregnancy; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha