title: Costs and coverage of reproductive health interventions in three rural refugee-affected districts, Uganda.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Uganda has hosted an estimated 200,000 refugees in post-emergency phase settlements interspersed within host communities since 1990. However, refugee health service runs parallel to host in most refugee-affected districts. The process of integration of health services began in 1999.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To estimate and compare the costs and coverage of reproductive health (RH) interventions in refugee and host populations in three rural West Nile refugee-affected districts of Uganda.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on costs of RH interventions were collected through a survey in 38/116 (33%) health facilities (3 public hospitals and 35 health centres). Data on coverage of RH interventions were collected from all 116 health facilities in the three rural refugee-affected districts for 2 years, 2003 and 2004.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The costs and coverage of RH interventions significantly varied between population categories and among levels of refugee and host health facilities. Per capita cost of health care is 2.7 times higher for the refugee than the host population (US$13.12 vs. US$4.85). The cost per RH intervention is higher in the refugee than in the host health system (US$3.02 vs. US$2.73). Significantly more refugees attend antenatal care [99.4% (95% CI, 97.5-100) vs. 53.5% (53.22-53.78); P < 0.0001]. The proportion of births in health facilities was significantly greater among refugees [37.3% (36.12-38.48) vs. 15.2% (15.01-15.39); P < 0.05]. Major obstetrical interventions for absolute maternal indications were significantly more frequent among refugees than the host population living in the same region [1.02% (0.79-1.25) vs. 0.85% (0.80-0.90); P < 0.05].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study has shown higher costs and coverage in refugee than host health services. The findings suggest policy recommendations for improving the capacity, financing, organization and the performance of host health system in the refugee-affected settings.
authors.affiliation: Makerere University Institute of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda. cgarimoi@itg.be
authors.forename: Christopher Garimoi
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Orach
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dubourg
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: De Brouwere
mesh_terms: D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000191:economics; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000191:economics*; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000191:economics; D005193:Family Planning Services / Q000191:economics; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D008427:Maternal Health Services / Q000191:economics*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000191:economics; D012036:Refugees; D018456:Reproductive Medicine / Q000193:education*; D012423:Rural Health; D019035:Rural Health Services / Q000191:economics; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D013587:Syphilis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D014454:Uganda / Q000453:epidemiology