title: U language-related differences between discrepancy-defined and non-discrepancy-defined poor readers: a longitudinal study of dyslexia in New Zealand.
abstract: Language-related differences between discrepancy-defined and non-discrepancy-defined poor readers were examined in a three-year longitudinal study that began at school entry. The discrepancy-defined (dyslexic) poor readers (n=19) were identified in terms of poor reading comprehension and average or above average listening comprehension performance, and the non-discrepancy-defined (non-dyslexic) poor readers (n=19) in terms of both poor reading and listening comprehension performance. The two poor reader groups and a group of normally developing readers (n=55) were given several oral language, phonological processing, and reading performance measures at six testing occasions. Results indicated that in addition to expected differences on the oral language measures, the non-discrepancy-defined poor readers also showed greater phonological processing deficits than the dyslexic poor readers. The results are discussed in terms of the lack of official recognition of dyslexia in New Zealand, the whole language orientation of classroom reading instruction, and the inadequacy of Reading Recovery for minimizing reading problems.
authors.affiliation: College of Education, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand. w.tunmer@massey.ac.nz
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Tunmer
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chapman
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009520:New Zealand; D010700:Phonetics; D013067:Speech Perception; D014705:Verbal Behavior