title: Genetic incorporation of unnatural amino acids into proteins in mammalian cells.
abstract: We developed a general approach that allows unnatural amino acids with diverse physicochemical and biological properties to be genetically encoded in mammalian cells. A mutant Escherichia coli aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS) is first evolved in yeast to selectively aminoacylate its tRNA with the unnatural amino acid of interest. This mutant aaRS together with an amber suppressor tRNA from Bacillus stearothermophilus is then used to site-specifically incorporate the unnatural amino acid into a protein in mammalian cells in response to an amber nonsense codon. We independently incorporated six unnatural amino acids into GFP expressed in CHO cells with efficiencies up to 1 mug protein per 2 x 10(7) cells; mass spectrometry confirmed a high translational fidelity for the unnatural amino acid. This methodology should facilitate the introduction of biological probes into proteins for cellular studies and may ultimately facilitate the synthesis of therapeutic proteins containing unnatural amino acids in mammalian cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Wenshe
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ansgar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brock
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shuibing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Schultz
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution / Q000235:genetics*; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D006801:Humans; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed / Q000379:methods*; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D015202:Protein Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D011994:Recombinant Proteins