title: Bias in psychiatric case-control studies: literature survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Case-control studies are vulnerable to selection and information biases which may generate misleading findings.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the quality of methodological reporting of case-control studies published in general psychiatric journals.
  
  
  METHODS
  All the case-control studies published over a 2-year period in the six general psychiatric journals with impact factors of more than 3 were assessed by a group of psychiatrists with training in epidemiology using a structured assessment devised for the purpose. The measured study quality was compared across type of exposure and journal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The reporting of methods in the 408 identified papers was generally poor, with basic information about recruitment of participants often absent. Reduction of selection bias was described best in the "pencil and paper" studies and worst in the genetic studies. Neuroimaging studies reported the most safeguards against information bias. Measurement of exposure was reported least well in studies determining the exposure with a biological test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Poor reporting of recruitment strategies threatens the validity of reported results and reduces the generalisability of studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Weston Education Centre, 10 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RJ, UK.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bindman
authors.forename: Tamsin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Glozier
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hotopf
mesh_terms: D015982:Bias; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015588:Observer Variation; D010506:Periodicals as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*