title: Seizures lead to elevation of intracranial pressure in children undergoing invasive EEG monitoring.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of intracranial subdural grid electrode placement and seizures on intracranial pressure (ICP) in children undergoing invasive EEG monitoring.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen children with pharmacoresistant epilepsy who underwent two-stage epilepsy surgery with subdural grid placement were included in the study. The ICP was recorded at baseline and with each seizure prospectively. A variety of seizure parameters including type of seizure, length of seizure, extent of seizure spread, and number of subdural grid electrodes inserted were analyzed retrospectively and correlated with the change in ICP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 48 seizures in 16 children were studied. The mean baseline ICP correlated positively with age of the child. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures were associated with the highest rise in ICP. Similarly, ICP rise was associated with seizures involving more electrodes indicating a larger area of brain participating in the seizure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Seizures in general and generalized tonic-clonic seizures, in particular, increase ICP temporarily in patients who are undergoing invasive EEG monitoring with subdural grids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Wayne State University and Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. ashah@med.wayne.edu
authors.forename: Aash K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Darren
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fuerst
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sood
authors.forename: Eishi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ahn-Ewing
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pawlak
authors.forename: Harry T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Chugani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D004830:Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D019586:Intracranial Hypertension / Q000209:etiology*; D007427:Intracranial Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013355:Subdural Space
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants