title: Effects of individual or combined xylanase and phytase supplementation on energy, amino acid, and phosphorus digestibility and growth performance of grower pigs fed wheat-based diets containing wheat millrun.
abstract: The objective of these studies was to determine if dietary enzymes increase the digestibility of nutrients bound by nonstarch polysaccharides, such as arabinoxylans, or phytate in wheat millrun. Effects of millrun inclusion rates (20 or 40%), xylanase (0 or 4,375 units/kg of feed), and phytase (0 or 500 phytase units/kg of feed) on nutrient digestibility and growth performance were investigated in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with a wheat control diet (0% millrun). Diets were formulated to contain 3.34 Mcal of DE/kg and 3.0 g of true ileal digestible Lys/Mcal of DE and contained 0.4% chromic oxide. Each of 18 cannulated pigs (36.2 +/- 1.9 kg of BW) was fed 3 diets at 3x maintenance in successive 10-d periods for 6 observations per diet. Feces and ileal digesta were collected for 2 d. Ileal energy digestibility was reduced (P < 0.01) linearly by millrun and increased by xylanase (P < 0.01) and phytase (P < 0.05). Total tract energy digestibility was reduced linearly by millrun (P < 0.01) and increased by xylanase (P < 0.01). For 20% millrun, xylanase plus phytase improved DE content from 3.53 to 3.69 Mcal/kg of DM, a similar content to that of the wheat control diet (3.72 Mcal/kg of DM). Millrun linearly reduced (P < 0.01) ileal digestibility of Lys, Thr, Met, Ile, and Val. Xylanase improved (P < 0.05) ileal digestibility of Ile. Phytase improved ileal digestibility of Lys, Thr, Ile, and Val (P < 0.05). Millrun linearly reduced (P < 0.05) total tract P and Ca digestibility and retention. Phytase (P < 0.01) and xylanase (P < 0.05) improved total tract P digestibility, and phytase and xylanase tended to improve (P < 0.10) P retention. Phytase improved Ca digestibility (P < 0.05) and retention (P < 0.01). The 9 diets were also fed for 35 d to 8 individually housed pigs (36.2 +/- 3.4 kg of BW) per diet. Millrun reduced (P < 0.05) ADFI, ADG, and final BW. Xylanase increased (P < 0.05) G:F; phytase reduced (P < 0.05) ADFI; and xylanase tended to reduce (P = 0.07) ADFI. In summary, millrun reduced energy, AA, P, and Ca digestibility and growth performance compared with the wheat control diet. Xylanase and phytase improved energy, AA, and P digestibility, indicating that nonstarch polysaccharides and phytate limit nutrient digestibility in wheat byproducts. The improvement by xylanase of energy digestibility coincided with improved G:F but did not translate into improved ADG.
authors.affiliation: Prairie Swine Centre Inc., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Nortey
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Patience
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Simmins
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Trottier
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Zijlstra
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology; D043364:Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D007082:Ileum / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism*; D010833:Phytic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D014908:Triticum
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D010758:Phosphorus; D010833:Phytic Acid; D043364:Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases; D002118:Calcium