title: Comparison of recurrence rate and hemodynamic effect among various technical approaches for ligations of great saphenous vein in treatment of varicose veins.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to compare the recurrence rate and hemodynamic effect retrospectively among various technical approaches for ligations of the great saphenous vein in the treatment of primary varicose veins.
  
  
  METHODS
  455 limbs with primary uncomplicated great saphenous varicose veins, which underwent ligations of the great saphenous vein followed by sclerotherapy, were classified into 5 groups according to different ligation techniques. The recurrence rate and hemodynamic effect, evaluated by the photoplethysmographic technique, were compared among the 5 groups at one year intervals up to 5 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 3-ligation technique, in which the great saphenous vein was resected at the groin, thigh, and calf, showed a significantly lower recurrence rate at the 5-year follow-up. The recurrence rates were 27.7, 62.0, 58.5, and 91.9% in the 3-ligation group, 2-ligation group at the groin and thigh, 2-ligation group at the thigh and calf, and 1-ligation group at the thigh, respectively. A lower hemodynamic improvement was observed in the latter two groups. A significantly higher recurrence rate was shown even in the 3-ligation group, when all tributaries were not dissected at the sapheno-femoral junction (50.2 vs. 27.7%, p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 3-ligation technique followed by sclerotherapy, which includes the resection of the great saphenous vein for as long as possible, and dissection of all tributaries at the groin, thigh, and calf, is one of the important choices of minimum invasive treatments for varicose veins, although this technique is not a fully alternative procedure to the stripping operation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Aichi Prefectural Nursing College, Nagoya, Japan. hiraim@aichi-nurs.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sawazaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D015911:Sclerotherapy; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D014689:Venous Insufficiency / Q000601:surgery*