Anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations in the follicular fluid of the preovulatory follicle are predictive of the implantation potential of the ensuing embryo obtained by in vitro fertilization.
BACKGROUND
The strong relationship between serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels and the number of antral follicles supports the use of AMH measurements as a quantitative marker of the ovarian follicular status. Yet, it still is unclear whether the aptitude of an individual follicle to produce AMH reflects its reproductive competence.


OBJECTIVE
This study examined the possible relationship between serum or follicular fluid (FF) AMH concentrations and the fate of the ensuing oocytes and embryos obtained by in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer conducted in monodominant follicle cycles.


METHODS
We conducted a prospective study at the University of Paris XI, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U782.


METHODS
Patients included 118 infertile in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer candidates.


METHODS
Concentrations of AMH, progesterone, and estradiol were measured in the serum on cycle d 3 and on the day of oocyte pickup (dOPU), and in FF. Cycles were sorted into three sets of three distinct groups according to whether serum d 3, serum dOPU, and FF AMH concentrations were 30th centile or below (low AMH), between the 31st and the 70th centiles (average AMH), or above the 70th centile (high AMH) of measurements.


METHODS
Clinical pregnancy and embryo implantation rates were assessed.


RESULTS
Clinical pregnancy rates (5.7, 20.0, and 39.5%, respectively; P < 0.002) and embryo implantation rates (11.8, 30.8, and 65.4, respectively; P <0.001) were markedly different among the low, moderate, and high FF AMH groups but not among the serum (d 3 or dOPU) AMH groups. Fertilization rates and embryo morphology remained similar irrespective of AMH concentrations in the serum or in FF. Incidentally, FF AMH concentrations were negatively correlated with FF progesterone (r = -0.27; P <0.003) and FF estradiol (r = -0.21; P <0.02) concentrations.


CONCLUSIONS
Concentrations of AMH in the FF, but not in the serum, constitute a useful follicular marker of embryo implantation and are negatively related to FF progesterone and estradiol concentrations.
Fanchin
Renato
R
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, 157 rue de la Porte de Trivaux, 92141 Clamart, France. renato.fanchin@abc.ap-hop-paris.fr
Mendez Lozano
Daniel H
DH
Frydman
Nelly
N
Gougeon
Alain
A
di Clemente
Nathalie
N
Frydman
René
R
Taieb
Joëlle
J
D000328:Adult; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000502:physiology*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000378:metabolism*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D015571:Follicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005498:Follicular Phase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D013735:Testicular Hormones / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D014463:Ultrasonography
D006023:Glycoproteins; D013735:Testicular Hormones; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone