title: Effects of potassium ions on dentine sensitivity in man.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of applying 500 mmol/l KCl at a pressure of 150 mm Hg above atmospheric to exposed dentine on pain sensation evoked by probing and air blast stimuli in human subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The experiments were carried out on 14 pairs of premolars in 14 human subjects (aged 17-30 years). Dentine was exposed at the tip of the buccal cusp, etched with acid and covered with saline, then 500 mmol/l KCl in Ringer's was applied at a pressure of 150 mm Hg for 4 min. Mechanical probing and air-drying stimuli were performed before and 2, 10, 20, 30 min after applying the KCl solution. The subject indicated the intensity of any pain produced on a visual analogue scale (VAS). Pulpal blood flow was recorded with a laser Doppler flow meter. Exactly the same procedure was carried out on the contralateral tooth except that 500 mmol/l NaCl in Ringer's was used in place of the KCl solution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pain responses to mechanical probing and air blast stimuli were significantly reduced during the first 10 min after applying the KCl but not the NaCl solution. Pulpal blood flow did not change significantly after either treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Potassium ions, when applied to exposed dentine at a pressure of 150 mm Hg above atmospheric, produced temporary block of impulse conduction in sensory nerve endings in the dentine or pulp.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Mahidol University, Yothi Street, Rajthavee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
authors.forename: Orapin
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ajcharanukul
authors.forename: Petcharat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kraivaphan
authors.forename: Sitthichai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wanachantararak
authors.forename: Noppakun
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vongsavan
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Matthews
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000098:blood supply; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003807:Dentin Sensitivity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry / Q000295:instrumentation; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011312:Pressure; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D016369:Smear Layer; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride; D011189:Potassium Chloride