title: The Amazons and an analysis of breast mutilation from a plastic surgeon's perspective.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Amazon philosophy has been increasing in popularity because of the evolving status of women in society. Many references point to Themiscrya on the southern coast of the Black Sea in Anatolia as the Amazon homeland. The primary objective of this article is to discuss the different femininity of the Amazons and their breast mutilation from the perspective of a plastic surgeon who has been living in this region that the Amazons inhabited.
  
  
  METHODS
  Findings from archaeology, linguistics, anthropology, medicine, history, psychology, and the fine arts were integrated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The hypotheses that have been proposed to explain the method of breast mutilation include amputation, cauterization, breast searing, and breast pinching. It is generally believed that the primary purpose was to facilitate the efficient use of a bow. Another explanation would be that breast mutilation was performed for medical reasons, including the prevention of breast pain, the development of a tender lump, or cancer. There is another school of thought on this involving religious and sociological reasons that breast mutilation was a badge of honor for warrior women and a sign that a woman had become a real warrior and a sacrifice to Artemis as a sign of service.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Much indirect proof and archaeological evidence point to their historical existence. The Amazons, who lived in an autonomous and original social model, changed their image and function to suit the needs of the society and the times.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey. akaraca@omu.edu.tr
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karacalar
mesh_terms: D018436:Ancient Lands; D005260:Female; D049690:History, Ancient; D006801:Humans; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000266:history*; D009229:Mythology; D012652:Self Mutilation / Q000266:history*; D014421:Turkey; D014857:Warfare