title: Prenatal weight gain following smoking cessation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association of changes in smoking habit with maternal weight gain.
  
  
  METHODS
  We questioned 4000 pregnant women > or =20 years about previous and current smoking habits during a second trimester visit to general prenatal clinics in 6 Brazilian cities, from 1991 to 1995, and followed their weight, through chart review, to term.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of women who reported stopping smoking (915, 23% of the total), 240 (26.2%) stopped during pregnancy. The median number of cigarettes smoked/day among those who reported continued smoking (717, 18%) decreased from 10 to 5 with pregnancy. In linear regression models adjusting for age, educational attainment, ethnicity, prepregnancy body mass index, parity and clinical center, ex-smokers gained 1.03 kg (95%CI 0.59-1.46) more than those reporting never smoking, this difference being greater: 1.54 kg (95%CI 0.78-2.30) in those who reported quitting while pregnant. The size of weight gain in both continuing smokers and ex-smokers was proportional to the reduction in daily number of cigarettes smoked during pregnancy, being 0.38 kg (95%CI 0.07-0.68) greater for each 10 cigarettes reduced (p=0.007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Decreasing the quantity of cigarettes smoked in pregnancy, although important for maternal and child health, is associated with maternal weight gain.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Studies Program in Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. anlenise@terra.com.br
authors.forename: Ana L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Favaretto
authors.forename: Bruce B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: Sotero S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Mengue
authors.forename: Luciana B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Nucci
authors.forename: Enrique F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.forename: Locimara R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Kroeff
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vigo
authors.forename: Maria I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology*