title: Sarcolemmal cation channels and exchangers modify the increase in intracellular calcium in cardiomyocytes on inhibiting Na+-K+-ATPase.
abstract: Although inhibition of the sarcolemmal (SL) Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase is known to cause an increase in the intracellular concentration of Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)) by stimulating the SL Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX), the involvement of other SL sites in inducing this increase in [Ca(2+)](i) is not fully understood. Isolated rat cardiomyocytes were treated with or without different agents that modify Ca(2+) movements by affecting various SL sites and were then exposed to ouabain. Ouabain was observed to increase the basal levels of both [Ca(2+)](i) and intracellular Na(+) concentration ([Na(+)](i)) as well as to augment the KCl-induced increases in both [Ca(2+)](i) and [Na(+)](i) in a concentration-dependent manner. The ouabain-induced changes in [Na(+)](i) and [Ca(2+)](i) were attenuated by treatment with inhibitors of SL Na(+)/H(+) exchanger and SL Na(+) channels. Both the ouabain-induced increase in basal [Ca(2+)](i) and augmentation of the KCl response were markedly decreased when cardiomyocytes were exposed to 0-10 mM Na(+). Inhibitors of SL NCX depressed but decreasing extracellular Na(+) from 105-35 mM augmented the ouabain-induced increase in basal [Ca(2+)](i) and the KCl response. Not only was the increase in [Ca(2+)](i) by ouabain dependent on the extracellular Ca(2+) concentration, but it was also attenuated by inhibitors of SL L-type Ca(2+) channels and store-operated Ca(2+) channels (SOC). Unlike the SL L-type Ca(2+)-channel blocker, the blockers of SL Na(+) channel and SL SOC, when used in combination with SL NCX inhibitor, showed additive effects in reducing the ouabain-induced increase in basal [Ca(2+)](i). These results support the view that in addition to SL NCX, SL L-type Ca(2+) channels and SL SOC may be involved in raising [Ca(2+)](i) on inhibition of the SL Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase by ouabain. Furthermore, both SL Na(+)/H(+) exchanger and Na(+) channels play a critical role in the ouabain-induced Ca(2+) increase in cardiomyocytes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: Harjot K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Saini
authors.forename: Naranjan S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Dhalla
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008297:Male; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010042:Ouabain / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012508:Sarcolemma / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; D010042:Ouabain; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D002118:Calcium