title: Changes induced in Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818) following trials for artificial stimulation of its internal defense system.
abstract: Biomphalaria glabrata can react through different pathways to Schistosoma mansoni miracidium penetration, according to the degree of resistance/susceptibility presented by different snail strains, which is a genetically determined character, resistance being the dominant feature. However, it has been observed that previous susceptible snail strain may change its reactive behavior along the course of infection, exhibiting later a pattern of cercarial shedding and histopatopathological picture compatible with high resistance. Such observation suggests the possibility of B. glabrata to develop a sort of adaptative immunity face a schistosome infection. To explore on this aspect, the present investigation looked for the behavior of S. mansoni infection in B. glabrata previously subjected to different means of artificial stimulation of its internal defense system. Snails previously inoculated with irradiated miracídia (Group I); treated with S. mansoni antigens (Group II) or with a non-related parasite antigen (Group III) were challenged with 20 viable S. mansoni miracidia, and later looked for cercarial shedding and histopathologic changes at different times from exposition. Nodules of hemocyte accumulations were found at the site of antigen injection. These nodules resembled solid granulomas, and were larger and more frequent in snails injected with S. mansoni products as compared to those injected with Capillaria hepatica. However, the presence of such granulomas did not avoid the S. mansoni challenge infection from developing in a similar way as that seen in controls. The data are indicative that hemocytes are able to proliferate locally when stimulated, such capacity also remaining localized, not being shared by the population of hemocytes located elsewhere within the snail body.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Patologia Experimental, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz-Fiocruz, Rua Valdemar Falcão 121, 40295-001 Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carine Machado
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.forename: Claudia Cunha
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.forename: Zilton A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Andrade
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000947:Antigens, Helminth / Q000276:immunology*; D001700:Biomphalaria / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology*; D002452:Cell Count; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology*; D010587:Phagocytosis; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000947:Antigens, Helminth