title: Sensory ciliogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans: assignment of IFT components into distinct modules based on transport and phenotypic profiles.
abstract: Sensory cilium biogenesis within Caenorhabditis elegans neurons depends on the kinesin-2-dependent intraflagellar transport (IFT) of ciliary precursors associated with IFT particles to the axoneme tip. Here we analyzed the molecular organization of the IFT machinery by comparing the in vivo transport and phenotypic profiles of multiple proteins involved in IFT and ciliogenesis. Based on their motility in wild-type and bbs (Bardet-Biedl syndrome) mutants, IFT proteins were classified into groups with similar transport profiles that we refer to as "modules." We also analyzed the distribution and transport of fluorescent IFT particles in multiple known ciliary mutants and 49 new ciliary mutants. Most of the latter mutants were snip-SNP mapped and one, namely dyf-14(ks69), was cloned and found to encode a conserved protein essential for ciliogenesis. The products of these ciliogenesis genes could also be assigned to the aforementioned set of modules or to specific aspects of ciliogenesis, based on IFT particle dynamics and ciliary mutant phenotypes. Although binding assays would be required to confirm direct physical interactions, the results are consistent with the hypothesis that the C. elegans IFT machinery has a modular design, consisting of modules IFT-subcomplex A, IFT-subcomplex B, and a BBS protein complex, in addition to motor and cargo modules, with each module contributing to distinct functional aspects of IFT or ciliogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Center for Genetics and Development, Section of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Guangshuo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: Makato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Oliver E
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Blacque
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murayama
authors.forename: Yasumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohshima
authors.forename: Jenny C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Schafer
authors.forename: Chunmei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Bradley K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Yoder
authors.forename: Michel R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Leroux
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Scholey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D001693:Biological Transport, Active; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D002923:Cilia / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017238:Genes, Helminth; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008954:Models, Biological; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins