title: Nucleus accumbens D2/3 receptors predict trait impulsivity and cocaine reinforcement.
abstract: Stimulant addiction is often linked to excessive risk taking, sensation seeking, and impulsivity, but in ways that are poorly understood. We report here that a form of impulsivity in rats predicts high rates of intravenous cocaine self-administration and is associated with changes in dopamine (DA) function before drug exposure. Using positron emission tomography, we demonstrated that D2/3 receptor availability is significantly reduced in the nucleus accumbens of impulsive rats that were never exposed to cocaine and that such effects are independent of DA release. These data demonstrate that trait impulsivity predicts cocaine reinforcement and that D2 receptor dysfunction in abstinent cocaine addicts may, in part, be determined by premorbid influences.
authors.affiliation: Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK. jwd20@cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: Jeffrey W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Dalley
authors.forename: Tim D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Fryer
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brichard
authors.forename: Emma S J
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: David E H
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Theobald
authors.forename: Kristjan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lääne
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Peña
authors.forename: Emily R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Yasmene
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Probst
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Abakumova
authors.forename: Franklin I
authors.initials: FI
authors.lastname: Aigbirhio
authors.forename: Hugh K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: Young
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Baron
authors.forename: Barry J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Everitt
authors.forename: Trevor W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Robbins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D001549:Benzamides / Q000378:metabolism; D003042:Cocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D007175:Impulsive Behavior; D008297:Male; D009714:Nucleus Accumbens / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011930:Reaction Time; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D050637:Receptors, Dopamine D3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D012646:Self Administration; D009435:Synaptic Transmission
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; C094948:N-((1-allyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl)-5-(3-fluoropropyl)-2,3-dimethoxybenzamide; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D050637:Receptors, Dopamine D3; D003042:Cocaine; D004298:Dopamine