title: External stimuli mediate collective rhythms: artificial control strategies.
abstract: The artificial intervention of biological rhythms remains an exciting challenge. Here, we proposed artificial control strategies that were developed to mediate the collective rhythms emerging in multicellular structures. Based on noisy repressilators and by injecting a periodic control amount to the extracellular medium, we introduced two typical kinds of control models. In one, there are information exchanges among cells, where signaling molecules receive the injected stimulus that freely diffuses toward/from the intercellular medium. In the other, there is no information exchange among cells, but signaling molecules also receive the stimulus that directionally diffuses into each cell from the common environment. We uncovered physical mechanisms for how the stimulus induces, enhances or ruins collective rhythms. We found that only when the extrinsic period is close to an integer multiplicity of the averaged intrinsic period can the collective behaviors be induced/enhanced; otherwise, the stimulus possibly ruins the achieved collective behaviors. Such entrainment properties of these oscillators to external signals would be exploited by realistic living cells to sense external signals. Our results not only provide a new perspective to the understanding of the interplays between extrinsic stimuli and intrinsic physiological rhythms, but also would lead to the development of medical therapies or devices.
authors.affiliation: School of Mathematics and Computational Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. mcszhtsh@mail.sysu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Tianshou
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Jiajun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhanjiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Anlong
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D001683:Biological Clocks / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D005813:Genes, Synthetic; D056968:Lac Repressors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D053038:Quorum Sensing / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D056968:Lac Repressors; C539064:LacI protein, E coli; C085427:LuxI protein, Bacteria; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C470187:TetR(B) protein, E coli; D014157:Transcription Factors