title: Ultrasound imaging of acute biceps tendon changes after wheelchair sports.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate acute changes in the biceps tendon after a high-intensity wheelchair propulsion activity and to determine whether these changes are related to subject characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  The biceps tendon was imaged with ultrasound before and after wheelchair basketball or quad rugby. The average diameter of the tendon was calculated as well as the echogenicity ratio (the pixel intensity ratio of the biceps tendon to a reference just superficial to the tendon sheath).
  
  
  METHODS
  National Veterans Wheelchair Games in 2004 and 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two subjects who participated in wheelchair basketball or quad rugby at the Veterans Games.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biceps tendon diameter and biceps echogenicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The echogenicity ratio of the tendon significantly decreased from 1.97 to 1.73 after the event (P=.038). The diameter of the biceps tendon increased from 4.60 to 4.82 mm (P=.178). Also, it was found that the change in tendon diameter positively correlated with the time of play (P=.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute changes in biceps tendon properties after exercise were found and likely represent edema, a first sign of overuse injury. The significance of continuous activity was shown by the fact that subjects who had more playing time showed a larger increase in tendon diameter.
authors.affiliation: Human Engineering Research Laboratories, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van Drongelen
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Boninger
authors.forename: Bradley G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Impink
authors.forename: Tagreed
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Khalaf
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D001132:Arm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000503:physiopathology; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000503:physiopathology; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology*; D013710:Tendons / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014910:Wheelchairs