title: Antithrombotic and antiplatelet activities of Korean red ginseng extract.
abstract: The antithrombotic and antiplatelet activities of Korean red ginseng extract (KRGE) were examined on rat carotid artery thrombosis in vivo and platelet aggregation in vitro and ex vivo. The KRGE significantly prevented rat carotid arterial thrombosis in vivo in a dose-dependent manner. Administration of the KRGE to rats significantly inhibited adenosine diphosphate (ADP)- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation ex vivo, although it failed to prolong coagulation times such as activated partial thromboplastin and prothrombin time indicating that the antithrombotic effect of the red ginseng may be due to its antiplatelet aggregation rather than anticoagulation effect. In line with the above observations, the red ginseng inhibited the U46619-, arachidonic acid-, collagen- and thrombin-induced rabbit platelet aggregations in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner, with IC(50) values of 390 +/- 15, 485 +/- 19, 387 +/- 11 and 335 +/- 15 microg/ml, respectively. Consistently, serotonin secretion was also inhibited by ginseng in the same pattern. These results suggest that the red ginseng has a potent antithrombotic effect in vivo, which may be due to the antiplatelet rather than the anticoagulation activity, and the red ginseng intake may be beneficial for individuals with high risks of thrombotic and cardiovascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Research Center for Bioresource and Health, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Ri
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Ji Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jung-Jin
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Soon-Hyang
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: Jin-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Ji-Yoon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Noh
authors.forename: Ji-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Im
authors.forename: Xiang-Hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Tack-Joong
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyeong-Soeb
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Jae Joon
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wee
authors.forename: Yeo-Pyo
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Yun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests; D002341:Carotid Artery Thrombosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007723:Korea; D008297:Male; D005894:Panax; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011517:Prothrombin Time; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D012701:Serotonin