title: Self-reported health problems and sickness absence in different age groups predominantly engaged in physical work.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the associations between self-reported health problems and sickness absence from work.
  
  
  METHODS
  The results of a questionnaire survey were combined with archival data of sickness absence of 1341 employees (88% males; 62% blue-collar) in the construction, service and maintenance work within one corporation in Finland. Sex, age and occupational grading were controlled as confounders. A zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression model was used in the statistical analysis of sickness absence data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of self-reported health problems increased with age, from 23% in 18-30-year-olds to 54% in 55-61-year-olds. However, in those aged 18-30 years, 71% had been absent from work and in those aged 55-61 years this proportion was 53%. When health problems and occupational grading were accounted for in the ZINB model, age as such was not associated with the number of days on sick leave, but the young workers still had higher propensity for (any) sickness absence than the old. Self-rated future working ability and musculoskeletal impairment were strong determinants of sickness absence. Among those susceptible to taking sick leave, the estimated mean number of absence days increased by 14% for each rise of 1 unit of the impairment score (scale 0-10).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Young subjects had surprisingly high probability for sickness absence although they reported better health than their older colleagues. A higher total count of absence days was found among subjects reporting health problems and poorer working ability, regardless of age, sex and occupational grade. These findings have implications for both management and the healthcare system in the prevention of work disability.
authors.affiliation: Evalua International, Vantaa, Finland. simo.taimela@evalua.fi
authors.forename: Simo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taimela
authors.forename: Esa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Läärä
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malmivaara
authors.forename: Jaakko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tiekso
authors.forename: Harri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sintonen
authors.forename: Selina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Justén
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aro
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D005160:Facility Design and Construction; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008283:Maintenance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D012307:Risk Factors; D012650:Self Disclosure; D018582:Sick Leave / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014937:Work