title: Otitis media in Brazilian human immunodeficiency virus infected children undergoing antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess changes in the prevalence of otitis media, associated with the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy, in Brazilian human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Division of otorhinolaryngology, Hospital das Clínicas, Sao Paulo University Medical School, Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 459 HIV-infected children aged below 13 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prevalence of otitis media and the serum cluster of differentiation four glycoprotein T lymphocyte count were compared for children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (with protease inhibitors) and those receiving standard antiretroviral therapy (without protease inhibitors).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Otitis media was present in 33.1 per cent of the children. Children aged from zero years to five years 11 months receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy had a higher prevalence of acute otitis media (p=0.02) and a lower prevalence of chronic otitis media (p=0.02). Children who were receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy had a mean serum cluster of differentiation four glycoprotein T lymphocyte count greater than that of those who were receiving standard antiretroviral therapy (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy in Brazilian HIV-infected children was associated with a lower prevalence of chronic otitis media.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Ophthalmology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. miz@uol.com.br
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Miziara
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: B Cunha
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Araújo Filho
authors.forename: C Diógenes
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Pinheiro Neto
mesh_terms: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents