title: The function of programmed cell death 1 and its ligands in regulating autoimmunity and infection.
abstract: The programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) surface receptor binds to two ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2. Studies have shown that PD-1-PD-L interactions control the induction and maintenance of peripheral T cell tolerance and indicate a previously unknown function for PD-L1 on nonhematopoietic cells in protecting tissues from autoimmune attack. PD-1 and its ligands have also been exploited by a variety of microorganisms to attenuate antimicrobial immunity and facilitate chronic infection. Here we examine the functions of PD-1 and its ligands in regulating antimicrobial and self-reactive T cell responses and discuss the therapeutic potential of manipulating this pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. arlene_sharpe@hms.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Arlene H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Sharpe
authors.forename: E John
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Wherry
authors.forename: Rafi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Gordon J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Freeman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015551:Autoimmunity; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D018448:Models, Immunological; D061027:Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; C423236:CD274 protein, human; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C556977:PDCD1LG2 protein, human; D061027:Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein