title: Diallyl tetrasulfide improves cadmium induced alterations of acetylcholinesterase, ATPases and oxidative stress in brain of rats.
abstract: Cadmium (Cd) is a neurotoxic metal, which induces oxidative stress and membrane disturbances in nerve system. The garlic compound diallyl tetrasulfide (DTS) has the cytoprotective and antioxidant activity against Cd induced toxicity. The present study was carried out to investigate the efficacy of DTS in protecting the Cd induced changes in the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), membrane bound enzymes, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant status in the brain of rats. In rats exposed to Cd (3mg/kg/day subcutaneously) for 3 weeks, a significant (P<0.05) increase in the levels of LPO and protein carbonyls along with significant (P<0.05) decrease in the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and total sulphydryl groups (TSH) and the activities of AChE, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, gluthione-S-transeferase, membrane bound enzymes (ATPases: Na(+)K(+)-ATPase, Mg(2+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase) were observed in brain tissue. Oral administration of DTS (40mg/kg/day) with Cd significantly (P<0.05) diminished the levels of LPO and protein carbonyls and significantly (P<0.05) increased the activities of ATPases, antioxidant enzymes, GSH and TSH in brain. These results indicate that DTS attenuate the LPO and alteration of antioxidant and membrane bound enzymes in Cd exposed rats, which suggest that DTS protects the brain function from toxic effects of Cd.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamilnadu, India. paribalaji@gmail.com
authors.forename: Leelavinothan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pari
authors.forename: Ponnusamy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Murugavel
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000498:Allyl Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D019256:Cadmium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D013440:Sulfides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000498:Allyl Compounds; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D013440:Sulfides; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D010544:Peroxidases; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D005978:Glutathione; D019256:Cadmium Chloride; C431585:diallyl tetrasulfide