title: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of ascites.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to report a large single-center experience with endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of ascites.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients at our institution in whom EUS-guided paracentesis was performed between January 1997 and July 2005 were identified retrospectively. All procedures were performed by or under the supervision of 1 of 5 experienced endosonographers with available on-site cytopathology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty consecutive patients (33 men; mean age, 67 y) were identified. Previously attempted percutaneous paracentesis was unsuccessful in 3 of 6 patients. Ascites confirmed by EUS FNA was visible in 28 of 54 (52%) computerized tomography, 3 of 11 (27%) transabdominal ultrasound, and 4 of 8 (50%) magnetic resonance imaging examinations before EUS. Transgastric (n = 55) or transduodenal (n = 5) EUS-guided paracentesis (mean, 8.9; range, 1-40 mL) revealed malignancy in 16 (27%) from primary pancreatic (n = 9), gastric (n = 2), urothelial (n = 1), esophageal (n = 1), gallbladder (n = 1), bile duct (n = 1) cancer, and lymphoma (n = 1). The cytology from 2 patients was atypical (1 suspicious for malignancy and 1 considered reactive) and the remaining 42 were benign. Potential complications occurred in 2 of 60 (3%) patients with self-limited fever. Of the 8 of 60 (13%) patients who underwent subsequent surgery, 3 had metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (n = 2) and metastatic small intestinal carcinoid (n = 1) to the peritoneum after negative EUS-FNA cytology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EUS frequently identifies ascites missed by other imaging studies. EUS-guided paracentesis may identify malignancy in a subset of patients. Negative ascitic fluid cytology from EUS FNA does not exclude possible peritoneal carcinomatosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: DeWitt
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: LeBlanc
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McHenry
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McGreevy
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sherman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001201:Ascites / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle / Q000379:methods; D019160:Endosonography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019152:Paracentesis / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted; D016896:Treatment Outcome