title: Preemptive ropivacaine local anaesthetic infiltration versus postoperative ropivacaine wound infiltration in mastectomy: postoperative pain and drain outputs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate if preemptive local infiltration (PLA) with ropivacaine could improve postoperative pain and determine its effect on drain output postmastectomy with axillary dissection.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, randomized trial comprising 30 women allocated to two groups: one to receive postoperative wound infiltration (POW) of 20 mL of 0.2% (40 mg) ropivacaine (Naropin) versus PLA with 20 mL of 0.2% ropivacaine (Naropin) diluted with 80 mL of 0.9% saline, total volume 100 mL. A visual analogue scale (0-100 mm) and angle of shoulder abduction were used for evaluation of pain. Postoperatively, all patients received oral ibuprofen 400 mg tds.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in postoperative pain for the first 3 days between the two groups. There were wider shoulder abduction angles in the 1st and 3rd postoperative days in the PLA group, but this was not significant. Operative time was significantly shorter in the PLA group than in the POW group (69.34+/-59.37 minutes vs. 109.67+/-26.96 minutes; p=0.02). The axillary drain was removed earlier in the preemptive group, 5.4+/-1.55 days versus 6.8+/-2.04 days in the postoperative group (p=0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found no difference in postoperative pain between preemptive tumescent ropivacaine infiltration and postoperative ropivacaine wound infiltration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. rica@mail.hukm.ukm.my
authors.forename: M A I
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rica
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Norlia
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rohaizak
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Naqiyah
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D004322:Drainage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008408:Mastectomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000077212:Ropivacaine
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077212:Ropivacaine