title: Eco-labelling of shampoos, shower gels and foam baths.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Environmental issues of personal care products have been met with little attention in the past. Monitoring data as well as preliminary environmental risk assessments indicate that some ingredients in personal care products might be relevant pollutants in the environment. Following the precautionary principle, eco-labelling is proposed as an effective tool for source control of one major group of personal care products, shampoos, shower gels and foam baths (SSBs). Eco-labelling is a soft, but effective market driven and product specific approach to lower discharge of environmentally detrimental substances. Products that fulfil the criteria proposed help to minimise the impact of SSBs on the environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Available assessment tools for dangerous substances (e.g. current legislation on environmental risk assessments and classification, and labelling, eco-labelling criteria for similar products, the calculation of the critical dilution volume) were adapted and integrated into the criteria for the eco-labelling of SSBs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A short outline of the eco-labelling criteria developed for SSBs is provided. The basic criteria concern the effects of the substances discharged into the waste water during and after use. Products with an eco-label award may exclusively contain substances for which basic information about their effects on the environment is available. They may not contain persistent, bioaccumulating, toxic or ecotoxicological substances. In addition, the basic criteria include requirements for the container and consumer information.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The basic criteria for eco-labelling SSBs are based on the actual state of science and are at the same time as simple and transparent as possible to ensure the best applicability. SSBs that comply with the described basic criteria can contribute to a lower chemical burden of waste water treatment plants and surface water.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposal for basic criteria described should stimulate discussion on eco-labelling of SSBs. It should help to pass valid criteria supported by authorities, producers and consumer groups for a national or international eco-label, e.g. for the European Flower or the German Blue Angel. In future, the successful introduction of labelled SSBs into the market will raise the awareness of the general public about the environmental effects of personal care products and it will help to promote environmentally compatible products.
authors.affiliation: Fachhochschule Ulm, Prittwitzstr. 10, 89075 Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Klaschka
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liebig
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Knacker
mesh_terms: D001494:Baths; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006795:Household Products; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D011356:Product Labeling; D012648:Self Care