title: Nonsurgical management of primary hyperparathyroidism.
abstract: Primary hyperparathyroidism is the most common cause of hypercalcemia in the outpatient setting and is typically caused by a single benign parathyroid adenoma. Most patients with hyperparathyroidism are postmenopausal women. Patients can be asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic. Parathyroidectomy is the definitive cure for primary hyperparathyroidism, and no medical therapies have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for this disorder. Guidelines for surgery have been established by a National Institutes of Health consensus panel, but many patients do not meet these guidelines or have comorbid conditions that prohibit surgery. This review describes alternative treatment options for patients who decide against or are unable to proceed with surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Fla, USA.
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Farford
authors.forename: R John
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Presutti
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Moraghan
mesh_terms: D000069449:Cinacalcet; D004032:Diet; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D049950:Hyperparathyroidism, Primary / Q000628:therapy*; D008019:Life Style; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015911:Sclerotherapy / Q000379:methods; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D004164:Diphosphonates; D009281:Naphthalenes; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride; D000069449:Cinacalcet