title: Vivotif--a 'magic shield' for protection against typhoid fever and delivery of heterologous antigens.
abstract: The attenuated Salmonella typhi strain Ty21a is the main constituent of Vivotif, the only attenuated live oral vaccine against typhoid fever. In comparison with antibiotics, the 'magic bullets' which Paul Ehrlich was striving for to treat infectious diseases, this vaccine should be viewed as a 'magic shield', because rather than treating typhoid fever after the infection has started, immunisation with this vaccine strain prevents infection and disease by the induction of specific immune responses. Ty21a is also an attractive carrier for the delivery of heterologous antigens. Recently, we successfully used Ty21a for antigen delivery via the haemolysin secretion system of Escherichia coli, which allows efficient protein secretion from the carrier bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Berna Biotech Ltd., Berne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ivaylo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gentschev
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spreng
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sieber
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ures
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mollet
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Collioud
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pearman
authors.forename: Monika E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Griot-Wenk
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fensterle
authors.forename: Ulf R
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Rapp
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Goebel
authors.forename: Simon A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rothen
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dietrich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015478:Antigens, Heterophile / Q000276:immunology*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014436:Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated
chemical_list: D015478:Antigens, Heterophile; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; C072772:Ty21a typhoid vaccine; D014436:Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated