title: Protective effects of antioxidant medications on limb ischemia reperfusion injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  N-acetylcysteine, beta-glucan, and coenzyme Q(10) were shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on reperfusion injury. The aim of our study was to determine and evaluate the effects of these agents on ischemia reperfusion injury of limb.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four New Zealand white rabbits, all female, weighing between 2.3 to 4.2 (mean 3.8) kg, were used in the study. Four study groups were arranged of 11 animals each, by randomization. The first group was the control group (Group C), the other groups were the Group Q, which was medicated with coenzyme Q10, the Group betaG, which was medicated with beta-glucan, and the Group N, medicated with N-acetylcysteine. After baseline measurements, for the ischemia-reperfusion experiments, common iliac artery was clamped and collateral flow was occluded by a rubber arterial tourniquet wrapped around the thigh at the proximal third of the leg. After 60 min of transient ischemic period, the limb was perfused for 180 min. After perfusion, biopsy was taken from the adductor magnus muscle. Second blood sampling was done after reperfusion period. Blood and tissue analysis were done and evaluated statistically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline and post-reperfusion levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), super oxide dismutase (SOD), malonyldialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) changed significantly. While MDA levels increased in the control group, it decreased in the other study groups. The increase in GPx and SOD levels were significant in all groups except the control group. Levels of NO were found to have decreased in the control group, whereas it had increased in the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antioxidant medication may help lowering limb ischemia reperfusion injury. All mentioned medications in our study are shown to be able to have an effective role for preventing ischemia reperfusion injury to some extent through their antioxidant properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Gulhane Military Academy of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cengiz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bolcal
authors.forename: Vedat
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Yildirim
authors.forename: Suat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Doganci
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sargin
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.forename: Ayse
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eken
authors.forename: Ertugrul
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozal
authors.forename: Erkan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kuralay
authors.forename: Ufuk
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Demirkilic
authors.forename: Harun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tatar
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003067:Coenzymes; D019610:Cytoprotection; D005260:Female; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000098:blood supply*; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003067:Coenzymes; D047071:beta-Glucans; D014451:Ubiquinone; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C024989:coenzyme Q10; D000111:Acetylcysteine