title: Specific pattern of attentional changes in impulsive individuals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although impulsivity is recognised as a major psychopathological feature, its cognitive correlates remain controversial. We evaluated readiness to act induced by a warning signal and attentional engagement in healthy impulsive participants.
  
  
  METHODS
  People with high impulsivity scores (HI) and low impulsivity (LI) scores on Barratt's Impulsivity Scale (BIS) were selected among 1250 students from top and bottom deciles. Subjects with personal or family of lifetime Axis I disorders were excluded. Motor preparation was evaluated by a Choice Reaction Time task (CRT) with a randomly presented warning signal with a delay before target of 500 ms or 2000 ms depending on the trial block. Attentional engagement and maintenance of fixation was evaluated by a Cued Target Detection task (CTD) comparing cued (valid, invalid, or double cue) and uncued trials and contrasting fixation offset (gap) or maintenance (overlap) conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HI, but not LI participants had a shortened reaction time in the 2000 ms condition of CRT with warning signal, indicating a persistent readiness to act. In contrast to LI, HI showed a decreased reinforcement of attention in the overlap condition of CTD with a hyperreactivity to all types of visual stimuli.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Impulsivity per se appears to be associated with hyperreactivity to warning or cue signals and on inability to maintain attentional fixity.
authors.affiliation: Université Paris V, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Santé Mentale et Thérapeutique, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France. bayle@chsa.broca.inserm.fr
authors.forename: Franck J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Baylé
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Daban
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Willard
authors.forename: Marie-Chantal
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bourdel
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Olié
authors.forename: Marie-Odile
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Krebs
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Amado-Boccara
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires