title: Polymorphonuclear leukocytes increase the adhesion of circulating tumor cells to microvascular endothelium.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reactive oxygen species (ROS) released from activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) during surgery may play a crucial role in the enhanced distant tumor recurrence after surgical trauma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of PMN on the adhesion of the human colon carcinoma cells HT29, Caco2 and the pancreatic carcinoma cells PanC1 and BxPC3 to microvascular endothelium (MEC) was studied in a reproducible human in vitro model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pre-incubation of MEC with tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)-activated PMN resulted in more than 200% increase of tumor cell adhesion to MEC compared to control (p < 0.01). Exposure of MEC to TPA or non-activated PMN did not significantly affect adhesion. Addition of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase or catalase significantly decreased tumor cell adhesion to MEC exposed to PMN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that activated PMN promote tumor cell adhesion to the microvascular wall by production of ROS. This indicates that in tackling the ROS production, preventing tumor recurrence at distant sites, might be feasible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Miranda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ten Kate
authors.forename: Arend G J
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Aalbers
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sluiter
authors.forename: Leo J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Hofland
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sonneveld
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jeekel
authors.forename: Casper H J
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Van Eijck
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000502:physiology; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D018375:Neutrophil Activation / Q000502:physiology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D013481:Superoxides