Cutoff and aubergine mutations result in retrotransposon upregulation and checkpoint activation in Drosophila.
Gametogenesis is a highly regulated process in all organisms. In Drosophila, a meiotic checkpoint which monitors double-stranded DNA breaks and involves Drosophila ATR and Chk2 coordinates the meiotic cell cycle with signaling events that establish the axis of the egg and embryo. Checkpoint activity regulates translation of the transforming growth-factor-alpha-like Gurken signaling molecule which induces dorsal cell fates in the follicle cells [1-3]. We found that mutations in the Drosophila gene cutoff (cuff) affect germline cyst development and result in ventralized eggs as a result of reduced Grk protein expression. Surprisingly, cuff mutations lead to a marked increase in the transcript levels of two retrotransposable elements, Het-A and Tart. We found that small interfering RNAs against the roo element are still produced in cuff mutant ovaries. These results indicate that Cuff is involved in the rasiRNA pathway and most likely acts downstream of siRNA biogenesis. The eggshell and egg-laying defects of cuff mutants are suppressed by a mutation in chk2. We also found that mutations in aubergine (aub), another gene implicated in the rasiRNA pathway, are significantly suppressed by the chk2 mutation. Our results indicate that mutants in rasiRNA pathways lead to elevated transposition incidents in the germline, and that this elevation activates a checkpoint that causes a loss of germ cells and a reduction of Gurken protein in the remaining egg chambers.
Chen
Yu
Y
Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
Pane
Attilio
A
Schüpbach
Trudi
T
D000818:Animals; D064447:Checkpoint Kinase 2; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000166:cytology; D008540:Meiosis; D009154:Mutation; D009866:Oogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D010448:Peptide Initiation Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018626:Retroelements / Q000235:genetics*; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
C000590395:Cuff protein, Drosophila; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D010448:Peptide Initiation Factors; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D018626:Retroelements; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; C436124:aub protein, Drosophila; C083730:grk protein, Drosophila; D064447:Checkpoint Kinase 2; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases