title: Short-term efficacy of rofecoxib and diclofenac in acute shoulder pain: a placebo-controlled randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the short-term symptomatic efficacy of rofecoxib and diclofenac versus placebo in acute episodes of shoulder pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial of 7 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rheumatologists and/or general practitioners totaling 47.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acute shoulder pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rofecoxib 50 mg once daily, diclofenac 50 mg three times daily, and placebo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pain, functional impairment, patient's global assessment of his/her disease activity, and local steroid injection requirement for persistent pain. The primary variable was the Kaplan-Meier estimates of the percentage of patients at day 7 fulfilling the definition of success (improvement in pain intensity and a low pain level sustained to the end of the 7 days of the study; log-rank test).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in the baseline characteristics between the three groups (rofecoxib n = 88, placebo n = 94, and diclofenac n = 89). At day 7, the Kaplan-Meier estimates of successful patients was higher in the treatment groups than in the placebo (54%, 56%, and 38% in the diclofenac, rofecoxib, and placebo groups respectively, p = 0.0070 and p = 0.0239 for placebo versus rofecoxib and diclofenac, respectively). During the 7 days of the study, there was a statistically significant difference between placebo and both active arms (rofecoxib and diclofenac) in all the evaluated outcome measures A local steroid injection had to be performed in 33 (35%) and 19 (22%) patients in the placebo and rofecoxib group respectively. Number needed to treat to avoid such rescue therapy was 7 patients (95% confidence interval 5-15).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study highlights the methodological aspects of clinical trials, e.g., eligibility criteria and outcome measures, in acute painful conditions. The data also establish that diclofenac and rofecoxib are effective therapies for the management of acute painful shoulder and that they reduce the requirement for local steroid injection.
authors.affiliation: Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France. maxime.dougados@cch.aphp.fr
authors.forename: Maxime
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dougados
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Le Henanff
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Logeart
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ravaud