title: Impact of gender on in-hospital percutaneous coronary interventional outcomes in African-Americans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies on outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have shown an increased rate of in-hospital mortality and vascular complications in women compared to men. The impact of gender on post-PCI outcomes in African-Americans has not been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed 835 consecutive African-American patients (n = 392 men and n = 443 women) who underwent PCI using a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI) bolus-only strategy from January 2003 to August 2004 at a single institution. Baseline characteristics, procedural data, and in-hospital outcomes were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women were older and had a higher mean body mass index (BMI) compared to men. Men were more likely to be smokers, more often had triplevessel disease and left ventricular dysfunction compared to women. There were no deaths or repeat revascularizations in either group. After adjustment for baseline risk factors and procedural characteristics, there was no significant difference in the composite endpoint of in-hospital death, myocardial infarction (MI), and repeat revascularization between men and women (6.38% in men and 2.48% in women; p = 0.051), but women had a higher rate of major and minor bleeding (0.5 vs. 2.5; p = 0.019; and 0.5 vs. 2.3; p = 0.021, respectively). On multiple logistic regression analysis, female gender was an independent risk factor for bleeding post-PCI (adjusted odds ratio [OR]-5.6, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.15-27.45).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although there is no difference in the in-hospital composite endpoint of death, MI, and repeat revascularization, African-American women are at increased risk for bleeding complications post-PCI, even when a GPI bolus-only strategy is used.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Shyam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poludasu
authors.forename: Erdal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cavusoglu
authors.forename: Luther T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Marmur
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex