title: Stage-dependent Olig2 expression in motor neurons and oligodendrocytes differentiated from embryonic stem cells.
abstract: Although embryonic stem (ES) cells are capable of forming any cell type in the body, the mechanisms that control cell type-specific differentiation are largely unknown. In the present study, we examined the process of differentiation to motor neurons and oligodendrocytes from mouse (Olig2GFP) ES cells. Mouse ES cells undergo a sequential process of differentiation over a 3-week period to generate motor neurons and oligodendrocytes. At day 7 of differentiation, Olig2-expressing cells are biased to a neuronal lineage. However, further differentiation (day 32) resulted in the majority of Olig2-expressing cells exhibiting an oligodendrocyte phenotype as well as a reduced ability to make motor neurons. Exposure of human ES cells to Sonic hedgehog (Shh) likewise resulted in enhanced motor neuron differentiation. Our results establish the requirements for directing ES cells to become motor neurons and oligodendrocytes and show that ES cell-derived Olig2 + cells can give rise to both motor neurons and oligodendrocytes, depending on the time at which differentiation is initiated.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
authors.forename: Soojung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Haipeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Mattson
authors.forename: Mahendra S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000166:cytology; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D000076104:Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000166:cytology*; D013569:Synapses / Q000378:metabolism; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D000076104:Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2; D014212:Tretinoin; C512773:Olig2 protein, mouse; C465570:Shh protein, mouse