title: [One drink, one drunk--controlled drinking by alcoholics? 3-year-outcome after intensive outpatient treatment].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Up to now, controlled drinking as an alternative to abstinence for alcohol-dependents has been discussed controversially. In the present study we examined in a sample of alcohol-dependent patients whether or not controlled drinking is possible during a three years period following treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  103 consecutively recruited alcohol-dependent participants (ICD-10) which took part in an abstinence-orientated outpatient treatment were re-interviewed 6, 12, 24, 36 months following treatment (follow-up ratio ca. 90 %).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis revealed that 43 % of patients were abstinent during total follow-up period and 12 % of patients were classified as improved at follow-up using the classification proposed by Feuerlein and Küfner. Of these patients, no patient at all was able to practise self-controlled drinking alcohol during the entire follow-up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Only four patients had a drinking pattern similar to controlled drinking during a maximum period of 24 months. Though the primary aim of the evaluated outpatient clinic was to achieve abstinence and not controlled drinking, controlled drinking in alcohol-dependent patients nevertheless seems to be a rare phenomenon, which cannot be recommended. Moreover, recent animal models for alcoholism indicate alcoholism being an irreversible pattern.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatrische Klinik und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. miriam.bottlender@btinternet.com
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bottlender
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Spanagel
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soyka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients