title: Brief report: plasma leptin levels are elevated in autism: association with early onset phenotype?
abstract: There is evidence of both immune dysregulation and autoimmune phenomena in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We examined the hormone/cytokine leptin in 70 children diagnosed with autism (including 37 with regression) compared with 99 age-matched controls including 50 typically developing (TD) controls, 26 siblings without autism, and 23 children with developmental disabilities (DD). Children with autism had significantly higher plasma leptin levels compared with TD controls (p<.006). When further sub-classified into regression or early onset autism, children with early onset autism had significantly higher plasma leptin levels compared with children with regressive autism (p<.042), TD controls (p<.0015), and DD controls (p<.004). We demonstrated an increase in leptin levels in autism, a finding driven by the early onset group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ashwood
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kwong
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Irva
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hertz-Picciotto
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Croen
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krakowiak
authors.forename: Wynn
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Isaac N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Pessah
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van de Water
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin