title: Differentiated expression patterns of growth factors in routine formalin-fixed endomyocardial biopsies in the early postoperative phase after heart transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) seem to play a key role in immunological reactions shortly after heart transplantation (HTx). The aim of this study was to analyze the time course of the expression of PDGF A and B, PDGF-receptor alpha (PDGF-Ralpha) and beta, aFGF, and bFGF on formalin-fixed routine endomyocardial biopsies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Right ventricular endomyocardial biopsies were obtained from 36 heart transplant recipients up to 2 weeks after HTx. According to the clinical course in the first postoperative year, 3 groups were formed: (1) clinically uneventful course (n = 12); (2) cardiac/systemic infections (n = 12); (3) acute rejection (n = 12). The growth factor expression was examined immunohistochemically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the early phase after HTx, PDGF A, PDGF B, PDGF-Ralpha, and PDGF-Rbeta were predominantly expressed in endothelial cells. The main expression of PDGF-Ralpha and bFGF was found in cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells. During the first 2 postoperative weeks, PDGF A, PDGF B, and PDGF-Rbeta showed a similar time course of expression: A significantly elevated expression in the first week was followed by a decrease in the second week. In the rejection group, PDGF A was significantly elevated after the first week.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increased expression of PDGF in the first postoperative week can be interpreted as an unspecific reaction to peritransplant injury. The prolonged expression of PDGF A, PDGF B, and PDGF-Rbeta showed that there were ongoing immunological reactions in the transplant during week 2. The persistence of elevated PDGF A expression might be of prognostic value in terms of a risk factor for either infection or rejection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Achim_Koch@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: C I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Dengler
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Remppis
authors.forename: F-U
authors.initials: FU
authors.lastname: Sack
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schirmacher
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hagl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karck
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Schnabel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000032:analysis; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000473:pathology; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000032:analysis*; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000032:analysis; D011184:Postoperative Period; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016276:Ventricular Function
chemical_list: D006133:Growth Substances; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors