title: Findings from non-participant observational data concerning health promoting nursing practice in the acute hospital setting focusing on generalist nurses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper reports on the non-participant observational findings from a study, which examined hospital-based nurses' health promoting nursing practice in an acute setting.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Nurses are considered to have a key role in health promotion. However, the development of the role of the generalist hospital-based nurse in health promotion has been slow and is not well-understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  The conceptual framework used was based on the Ottawa Charter (WHO 1986). A single qualitative embedded case study, employing data source and methodological triangulation was used. A framework for identifying nurse's use of health promotion methods was developed and used to collect non-participant observations on a purposive sample of eight nurses working on an acute hospital ward. Following the observations a semi structured one-to-one interview was conducted with each observed nurse. One randomly selected patient that the observed nurse had cared for during the observations was also interviewed. Qualitative data analysis based on the work of Miles and Huberman was employed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two categories were identified 'health promotion strategies and content' and 'patient participation'. The findings indicated that, overall, the strategies used by nurses to promote health were prescriptive and individualistic. The main strategy observed was information giving and the content was 'preparatory information'. Predominantly, nurses practised traditional health education. Overall, patient participation was limited to minor personal aspects of care as nurses focused on the routine and getting the tasks completed. There was no evidence of a ward culture which valued health promotion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ward managers are key in creating a culture for health promotion. A review of the methods of organizing nursing care is warranted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nursing programmes must highlight health promotion as integral to practice and emphasis the socio-political dimensions of health promotion.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nursing Studies, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland. dympna.casey@nuigalway.ie
authors.forename: Dympna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Casey
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease / Q000451:nursing; D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006757:Hospital Units / Q000458:organization & administration; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006786:Hospitals, Urban; D006801:Humans; D007494:Ireland; D008875:Middle Aged; D016294:Models, Nursing; D024802:Nurse's Role / Q000523:psychology*; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000193:education / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000523:psychology*; D019370:Observation; D015279:Organizational Culture; D010344:Patient Advocacy; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000523:psychology; D011209:Power, Psychological; D036301:Qualitative Research