title: Development of therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review and summarize the latest development of the therapy for the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  The recently-published articles related to the therapies for DMD were extensively reviewed and briefly summarized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The therapeutic approaches for DMD included the gene therapy, the cell therapy, and the pharmacological therapy. The gene therapy and the cell therapy were focused on the treatment for the cause of DMD by the delivery of the missing gene, the modification of the mutated gene, and the transfer of the normal cells including the stem cells, while the pharmacological therapy dealt with the downstream events caused by the dystrophin gene defect, slowed down the pathologic progress of DMD, and improved the DMD patient's life quality and life span, by medication and other factor treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is still no cure for DMD because of various difficulties in replacing or repairing the defected gene and of the multifaceted nature of the severe symptoms. Therefore, it is imperative for us to find out a more effective treatment that can solve these problems.
authors.affiliation: Division of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China. szz02@163.com
authors.forename: Suzhen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Huiqi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Guangqian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Zhiming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017690:Cell Transplantation; D016189:Dystrophin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020388:Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000637:transplantation; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000627:therapeutic use; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D016189:Dystrophin; D005839:Gentamicins; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense