title: Decision or no decision: how do patient-physician interactions end and what matters?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A clearly stated clinical decision can induce a cognitive closure in patients and is an important investment in the end of patient-physician communications. Little is known about how often explicit decisions are made in primary care visits.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To use an innovative videotape analysis approach to assess physicians' propensity to state decisions explicitly, and to examine the factors influencing decision patterns.
  
  
  METHODS
  We coded topics discussed in 395 videotapes of primary care visits, noting the number of instances and the length of discussions on each topic, and how discussions ended. A regression analysis tested the relationship between explicit decisions and visit factors such as the nature of topics under discussion, instances of discussion, the amount of time the patient spoke, and competing demands from other topics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  About 77% of topics ended with explicit decisions. Patients spoke for an average of 58 seconds total per topic. Patients spoke more during topics that ended with an explicit decision, (67 seconds), compared with 36 seconds otherwise. The number of instances of a topic was associated with higher odds of having an explicit decision (OR = 1.73, p < 0.01). Increases in the number of topics discussed in visits (OR = 0.95, p < .05), and topics on lifestyle and habits (OR = 0.60, p < .01) were associated with lower odds of explicit decisions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although discussions often ended with explicit decisions, there were variations related to the content and dynamics of interactions. We recommend strengthening patients' voice and developing clinical tools, e.g., an "exit prescription," to improving decision making.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Rural Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas 77843-1266, USA. mtaiseale@srph.tamhsc.edu
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tai-Seale
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bramson
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003142:Communication; D003657:Decision Making; D003933:Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000379:methods; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010821:Physicians, Family; D014741:Video Recording / Q000379:methods