title: Coccidioidomycosis and pregnancy: a review.
abstract: Coccidioidomycosis (CM) is a fungal infection endemic to the southwestern United States, northwestern Mexico, and parts of Central and South America. CM has been recognized as a complicating factor in pregnancy since at least the 1940s, and seems to be a relatively uncommon infection during pregnancy. The disease presentation during pregnancy includes a wide clinical spectrum that ranges from mild influenza-like illness and pneumonia, especially in the first two trimesters of pregnancy. The third trimester of pregnancy is a time of high risk for dissemination. Immunologic and hormonal changes during pregnancy and the postpartum period may account for any increased frequency and severity of disease observed during pregnancy. Early diagnosis and appropriate aggressive therapeutic intervention with careful monitoring usually result in good outcome.
authors.affiliation: David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Chief, Critical Care and Pulmonary Services, Kern Medical Center, 1830 Flower Street, Bakersfield, CA 93305, USA. spinelloi@kernmedctr.com
authors.forename: Irene M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Spinello
authors.forename: Royce H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Shehla
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baqi
mesh_terms: D001393:Azoles; D003047:Coccidioidomycosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D008800:Mexico; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D015206:Southwestern United States
chemical_list: D001393:Azoles