title: Radical lymph node dissection for gallbladder cancer: indications and limitations.
abstract: Radical lymph node dissection provides survival benefit for patients with pT2 or more advanced gallbladder carcinoma tumors only if potentially curative resection is feasible; it must always be considered when planning a resection or re-resection for robust patients with pT2 or more advanced gallbladder carcinoma tumors. The degree of radical lymphadenectomy depends on clinically assessed nodal status: portal lymph node dissection is limited to cN0 disease; extended portal nodal dissection is indicated for cN0 and a modest degree of cN1 disease; peripancreatic lymph node dissection with pancreaticoduodenectomy is indicated for selected cases of evident peripancreatic nodal disease and/or direct organ involvement. Extended resection with extensive lymphadenectomy should be limited to expert surgeons because it may cause serious morbidity and mortality.
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata City, 951-8510 Japan. shiray@med.niigata-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shirai
authors.forename: Toshifumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wakai
authors.forename: Katsuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hatakeyama
mesh_terms: D002763:Cholecystectomy / Q000379:methods*; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods; D008208:Lymphatic System / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016019:Survival Analysis