title: Colesevelam hydrochloride-ezetimibe combination lipid-lowering therapy in patients with diabetes or metabolic syndrome and a history of statin intolerance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effectiveness and safety of colesevelam hydrochloride (HCl) and ezetimibe combination therapy in statin-intolerant patients with dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus (DM) or metabolic syndrome (MS).
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified potential study subjects through a computerized text search of patient electronic medical records using the terms colesevelam, WelChol, ezetimibe, and Zetia. Medical records were subsequently reviewed to identify all patients with DM or MS. Baseline total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non-HDL-C, and triglyceride levels immediately before the initiation of therapy with colesevelam HCl (1.875 g twice a day) or ezetimibe (10 mg daily) were compared with those after a minimum of 3 months of single drug therapy and after a minimum of 3 months of combination therapy. Drug safety was evaluated by review of transaminase levels and reports of side effects or drug discontinuation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The computerized search initially identified 91 electronic medical records; 16 patients fulfilled all study criteria. Baseline patient demographics included a mean age of 62.5 (+/-11.8) years and a mean body mass index of 31.4 (+/-5.2) kg/m2; 50% of patients were female, 75% had type 2 DM, and 25% had MS. In comparison with baseline, colesevelam HCl-ezetimibe combination therapy was associated with significant reductions in mean levels of total cholesterol (27.5%), LDL-C (42.2%), and non-HDL-C (37.1%). In addition, 50% of patients achieved the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III LDL-C target of less than 100 mg/dL. Therapy was well tolerated, with no significant changes in mean transaminase levels, no reports of myalgia, and no discontinuation of therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Colesevelam HCl-ezetimibe combination therapy was associated with improved TC, LDL-C, and non-HDL-C lipid profiles and was well tolerated. Such therapy may be a reasonable consideration for statin-intolerant patients with DM or MS who have elevated cholesterol levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, Albany College of Pharmacy, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
authors.forename: Shannon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Rivers
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Busch
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bakst
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hamilton
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000499:Allylamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001384:Azetidines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D000069472:Colesevelam Hydrochloride; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D000069438:Ezetimibe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D001384:Azetidines; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D000499:Allylamine; D000069438:Ezetimibe; D000069472:Colesevelam Hydrochloride