title: Prenatal cocaine exposure: cardiorespiratory function and resilience.
abstract: Cardiac vagal tone (VT) was studied as a resilience factor in children prenatally exposed to cocaine and nonexposed controls (n = 550). A cumulative risk index was derived and used to classify children as high versus low risk. VT was measured during mildly stressful observations at 1 and 36 months of age. Children were classified as having consistently high, consistently low, or fluctuating VT. Risk and VT interacted to predict adaptive behaviors. For high-risk children, low VT was related to higher ratings of adaptive behaviors. This finding suggests that regulatory functioning, as indexed by VT, may be a protective factor in prenatal CE.
authors.affiliation: Brown Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA. Stephen_Sheinkopf@brown.edu
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Sheinkopf
authors.forename: Linda L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Lagasse
authors.forename: Barry M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Lester
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seifer
authors.forename: Charles R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Seetha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shankaran
authors.forename: Henrietta
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bada
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: Abhik
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: DAS
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D003042:Cocaine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000523:psychology*; D012119:Respiration; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D003042:Cocaine