title: EGb 761 enhances adult hippocampal neurogenesis and phosphorylation of CREB in transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: Standardized Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 exhibits beneficial effects to patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). It was previously demonstrated that EGb 761 inhibits amyloid beta (Abeta) oligomerization in vitro, protects neuronal cells against Abeta toxicity, and improves cognitive defects in a mouse model of AD (Tg 2576). In this study, the neurogenic potential of EGb 761 and its effect on cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) were examined in a double transgenic mouse model (TgAPP/PS1). EGb 761 significantly increases cell proliferation in the hippocampus of both young (6 months) and old (22 months) TgAPP/PS1 mice, and the total number of neuronal precursor cells in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, Abeta oligomers inhibit phosphorylation of CREB and cell proliferation in the hippocampus of TgAPP/PS1 mice. Administration of EGb 761 reduces Abeta oligomers and restores CREB phosphorylation in the hippocampus of these mice. The present findings suggest that 1) enhanced neurogenesis by EGb 761 may be mediated by activation of CREB, 2) stimulation of neurogenesis by EGb 761 may contribute to its beneficial effects in AD patients and improved cognitive functions in the mouse model of AD, and 3) EGb 761 has therapeutic potential for the prevention and improved treatment of AD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
authors.forename: Flaubert
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tchantchou
authors.forename: Yanan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yanjue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Christen
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020441:Ginkgo biloba; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000096983:Ginkgo Extract
chemical_list: D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C063170:Ginkgo biloba extract; D000096983:Ginkgo Extract