title: Speciation and phylogeography of the Southeast Asian Anopheles sundaicus complex.
abstract: Anopheles sundaicus s.l. is a malaria vector in coastal areas of Southeast Asia. Previous studies showed at least four distinct species within the complex. The present study investigated the phylogeography and the status of A. sundaicus s.l. populations from Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia with regard to A. sundaicus s.s. from Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo and A. epiroticus in Vietnam and Thailand. Three lineages recovered by analyses of Cyt-b and COI (mtDNA) confirmed the presence of A. sundaicus s.s. in Malaysian Borneo, the distribution of A. epiroticus from southern Vietnam to peninsular Malaysia, and recognised a distinct form in Indonesia that is named A. sundaicus E. The phylogenetic and demographic analyses suggest that the three species were separated during the Early Pleistocene (1.8-0.78 Myr) and experienced bottlenecks followed by a genetic expansion in more recent times. Based on the results and knowledge of the biogeography of the area, we hypothesise that the combination of cyclical island and refugium creation was the cause of lineage isolation and bottleneck events during the Pleistocene.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR22 Biologie et Gestion des Populations (CBGP), Campus de Baillarguet, CS30016, Montferrier sur Lez 34988, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dusfour
authors.forename: Johan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Michaux
authors.forename: Ralph E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Harbach
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manguin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D001210:Asia, Southeastern; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000235:genetics; D017753:Ecosystem; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D049810:Genetic Speciation; D005843:Geography; D006239:Haplotypes; D007814:Larva; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer