title: Management of Morel-Lavallee lesion of the knee: twenty-seven cases in the national football league.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Morel-Lavallee lesion is a closed degloving injury most commonly described in the region of the hip joint after blunt trauma. It also occurs in the knee as a result of shearing trauma during football and is a distinct lesion from prepatellar bursitis and quadriceps contusion.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review the authors' experience with Morel-Lavallee lesion of the knee in the elite contact athlete to construct a diagnostic and treatment algorithm.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series; Level of evidence, 4.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven knees in 24 players were identified from 1 National Football League team's annual injury database as having sustained a Morel-Lavallee lesion between 1993 and 2006. Their charts were retrospectively reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common mechanism of injury was a shearing blow on the playing surface (81%). The most common motion deficit was active flexion (41%). The mean time for resolution of the fluid collection and achievement of full active flexion was 16.3 days. The mean number of practices missed was 1.5. The mean number of games missed was 0.1. Fourteen knees (52%) were treated successfully with compression wrap, cryotherapy, and motion exercises. Thirteen knees (48%) were treated with at least 1 aspiration, and 6 knees (22%) were treated with multiple aspirations for recurrent serosanguineous fluid collections. In 3 cases (11%), the Morel-Lavallee lesion was successfully treated with doxycycline sclerodesis after 3 aspirations failed to resolve the recurrent fluid collections; return to play was immediate thereafter in each case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In football, Morel-Lavallee lesion of the knee usually occurs from a shearing blow from the playing field. Diagnosis is confirmed when examination reveals a large suprapatellar area of palpable fluctuance. Elite athletes are typically able to return to practice and game play long before complete resolution of the lesion. Recurrent fluid collections can occur, necessitating aspiration in approximately half the cases for successful treatment. Recalcitrant fluid collections can be safely and expeditiously treated with doxycycline sclerodesis.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh, Center for Sports Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15203, USA. samtejwani@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Samir G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Tejwani
authors.forename: Steven B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bradley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D017679:Cryotherapy; D005538:Football / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D010329:Patella / Q000293:injuries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017695:Soft Tissue Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States