title: No deterioration in epilepsy and motor function in children with medically intractable epilepsy ineligible for surgery.
abstract: The aim of this study was to examine whether severity of epilepsy, motor functioning, and epilepsy-related restrictions change in children with medically intractable epilepsy who are ineligible for epilepsy surgery. The study was a prospective, longitudinal, 2-year follow-up of 28 children (14 females, 14 males). Their median age was 6 years 1 month (range 7mo-15y 4mo). Seizure types were: complex partial seizures (n=16), secondary generalized seizures (n=7), simple partial seizures (n=2), and mixed seizures (n=3). Severity of seizures, motor impairments, motor development, activities of daily life, and epilepsy-related restrictions were rated at baseline and 6, 12, and 24 months thereafter. Seizure severity did not change significantly, nor did muscle strength, range of motion, or muscle tone. Motor retardation was ubiquitous but did not increase in 20 children without spasticity. Motor function of eight children with spasticity improved (Gross Motor Function Measure: baseline 70.5 [SD 35.5]; 24 months later 81.6 [SD 29.6], p < 0.05) but remained below reference values in four children. In the entire group, functional skills increased and caregiver assistance lessened. Restrictions did not change significantly. We conclude that during a 2-year follow-up period, in children with medically intractable epilepsy who do not have surgical intervention, seizure severity does not deteriorate, motor impairments do not increase, motor development does not deflect negatively, and activities of daily living and restrictions do not worsen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Physical Therapy and Exercise Physiology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, the Netherlands. r.vanempelen@umcutrecht.nl
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Empelen
authors.forename: Paul J M
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Helders
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: van Rijen
authors.forename: Aag
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jennekens-Schinkel
authors.forename: Onno
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: van Nieuwenhuizen
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D018450:Disease Progression; D004608:Eligibility Determination; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric