title: Proton pump inhibitor therapy for peptic ulcer bleeding: Cochrane collaboration meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in treating peptic ulcer bleeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Cochrane Library, and metaRegister of Controlled Trials databases and published proceedings of major meetings through November 2004 for randomized controlled trials that compared oral or intravenous PPIs with placebo or a histamine2-receptor antagonist for peptic ulcer bleeding. Pharmaceutical companies and relevant experts were contacted. Data extraction and assessment of study validity were performed independently in duplicate. Assessed outcomes were 30-day all-cause mortality, rebleeding, surgery, and repeated endoscopic treatment. Influence of study characteristics on outcomes was examined by subgroup analyses and meta-regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We included 24 trials (4373 participants). Statistical heterogeneity was evident only for rebleeding. Treatment with PPIs had no significant effect on mortality (odds ratio [OR], 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74-1.40; number needed to treat [NNT], incalculable) but significantly reduced rebleeding (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.37-0.65; NNT, 13) and the need for surgery (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.48-0.78; NNT, 34) and repeated endoscopic treatment (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.20-0.51; NNT, 10). Results were similar when analysis was confined to trials with adequate allocation concealment. Treatment with PPIs significantly reduced mortality in Asian trials (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.16-0.74; NNT, 34) and in patients with active bleeding or a nonbleeding visible vessel (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.31-0.91; NNT, 50).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In ulcer bleeding, PPIs reduce rebleeding and the need for surgery and repeated endoscopic treatment. They improve mortality among patients at highest risk.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace School of Medicine, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
authors.forename: Grigoris I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Leontiadis
authors.forename: Virender K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Colin W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Howden
mesh_terms: D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D010438:Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy*; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors