title: Low dietary sodium and exogenous angiotensin II infusion decrease plasma adiponectin concentrations in healthy men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adiponectin has antiinflammatory and vascular protective effects and may improve insulin sensitivity. Animal data suggest a role of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) in the regulation of adiponectin.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to investigate the role of the RAAS in regulation of adiponectin in humans in vivo. To this purpose we studied the effects of physiological (change in sodium status) and pharmacological modulation of RAAS activity (angiotensin II infusion and enalapril treatment) on plasma adiponectin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five healthy male volunteers (aged 26 +/- 9 yr) were studied after two 7-d periods: one on a low-sodium diet (LS, 50 mmol Na(+) per day) and one on a high-sodium diet (HS, 200 mmol Na(+) per day). At the end of each period, adiponectin was measured, and its response to angiotensin II infusion (0.3, 1, and 3 ng/kg.min all during 1 h) was determined. Additionally, all subjects received 1 wk treatment of enalapril 20 mg once daily (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition) during the HS.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured plasma adiponectin concentrations during LS and HS and in response to angiotensin II infusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The suppression of the RAAS by HS elicited a significant rise in adiponectin [LS baseline, 11.9 (8.3-16.2) microg/liter; HS baseline, 14.4 (11.2-20.4) microg/liter; P < 0.05]. All doses of angiotensin II elicited a profound decrease in adiponectin during both conditions [LS 3 ng/kg.min, 7.4 (6.3-8.9) microg/liter; HS 3 ng/kg.min, 8.4 (7.3-9.9) microg/liter; both P < 0.001 vs. baseline]. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition induced a significant rise in adiponectin [16.6 (10.6-20.9) microg/liter, P < 0.05 vs. HS].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physiological and pharmacological modulation of RAAS affects plasma adiponectin with lower concentrations during the high angiotensin II conditions. The therapeutic potential of RAAS blockade as a tool to correct hypoadiponectinemia should be explored further.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands. a.t.lely@int.umcg.nl
authors.forename: A Titia
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Lely
authors.forename: Jan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Krikken
authors.forename: Stephan J L
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.forename: Frans
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boomsma
authors.forename: Robin P F
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Dullaart
authors.forename: Bruce H R
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Wolffenbuttel
authors.forename: Gerjan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Navis
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000097:blood; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003864:Depression, Chemical; D004039:Diet, Sodium-Restricted; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004656:Enalapril / Q000494:pharmacology; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D000804:Angiotensin II; D000450:Aldosterone; D004656:Enalapril; D012964:Sodium; D012083:Renin