title: Physical activity and risk of endometrial cancer: the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition.
abstract: The etiologic role of physical activity in endometrial cancer risk remains unclear given the few epidemiologic studies that have been conducted. To investigate this relation more fully, an analysis was undertaken in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC). During an average 6.6 years of follow-up, 689 incident endometrial cancer cases were identified from an analytic cohort within EPIC of 253,023 women. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the associations between type of activity (total, occupational, household, recreational) and endometrial cancer risk. For total activity, women in the highest compared with the lowest quartile of activity had a risk of 0.88 (95% confidence interval (95% CI=0.61-1.27). No clear associations between each type of activity and endometrial cancer risk were found for the total study population combined. Associations were more evident in the stratified results, with premenopausal women who were active versus inactive experiencing a risk of 0.66 (95% CI=0.38-1.14) overall. Among premenopausal women, for household and recreational activities the risk estimates in the highest as compared with the lowest quartiles were, respectively, 0.48 (95% CI=0.23-0.99) and 0.78 (95% CI=0.44-1.39). No effect modification by body mass index, hormone replacement therapy, oral contraceptive use or energy intake was found. This study provides no evidence of a protective effect of increased physical activity in endometrial cancer risk in all women but some support for a benefit among premenopausal women. The relative risk reductions are most apparent for household activities.
authors.affiliation: Division of Population Health and Information, Alberta Cancer Board, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. chrisf@cancerboard.ab.ca
authors.forename: Christine
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authors.lastname: Friedenreich
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authors.lastname: Lahmann
authors.forename: Karen
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authors.lastname: Steindorf
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authors.lastname: Boutron-Ruault
authors.forename: Françoise
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authors.lastname: Mesrine
authors.forename: Jakob
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authors.lastname: Tjønneland
authors.forename: Nina Fons
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authors.lastname: Arguelles
authors.forename: Carmen Martinez
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Nerea
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authors.lastname: Larrañaga
authors.forename: María-Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Chirlaque
authors.forename: Eva
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authors.lastname: Ardanaz
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bingham
authors.forename: Kay-Tee
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Khaw
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Tim
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authors.lastname: Key
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trichopoulou
authors.forename: Vardis
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dilis
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trichopoulos
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pala
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Palli
authors.forename: Rosario
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authors.lastname: Tumino
authors.forename: Salvatore
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authors.lastname: Panico
authors.forename: Paolo
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authors.lastname: Vineis
authors.forename: H Bas
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Bueno-de-Mesquita
authors.forename: Petra H M
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: Evelyn
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authors.lastname: Monninkhof
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berglund
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manjer
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Slimani
authors.forename: Pietro
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authors.lastname: Ferrari
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authors.lastname: Kaaks
authors.forename: Elio
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authors.lastname: Riboli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008019:Life Style; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires