title: Bioaccumulation, bioavailability and environmental fate of chlorophenol impurities, polychlorinated hydroxydiphenylethers and their methoxy analogues.
abstract: The bioaccumulation potential and environmental fate of polychlorinated hydroxydiphenyl ethers (HO-PCDEs; polychlorinated phenoxyphenols, PCPP), the major impurities of chlorophenol formulations and their methoxy analogues (MeO-PCDEs; polychlorinated methoxyanisoles, PCPAs) were investigated. Oligochaete worms (Lumbriculus variegatus) exposed to sediment spiked with a model substance of one HO-hexaCDE (4'-HO-PCDE 161) or its methoxy analogue (4'-MeO-PCDE 161) clearly accumulated the test compounds revealing the potential for environmental risk of HO-PCDEs and MeO-PCDEs. The HO-PCDE tested has earlier been reported as an abundant component in a Finnish chlorophenol formulation (Ky-5) and its methoxy analogue is recognized as an abundant MeO-PCDE in sawmill soil contaminated by the formulation. The occurrence of 4'-HO-PCDE 161 and its methoxy analogue among other HO-PCDEs and MeO-PCDEs in lake mussels (Anodonta piscinalis) incubated in a river contaminated via the manufacture of Ky-5 showed that these compounds are bioavailable and transported in the aquatic environment. Mussel comparison with sediment data pointed to a higher accumulation potential for MeO-PCDEs than for HO-PCDEs. The finding of HO-PCDEs in groundwater samples collected from a groundwater reservoir, which had been contaminated by chlorophenols, points to potential of HO-PCDEs for transport with water in soil.
authors.affiliation: National Public Health Institute, PO Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland. Jaana.Koistinen@uku.fi
authors.forename: Jaana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koistinen
authors.forename: Jussi V K
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Kukkonen
authors.forename: Arto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sormunen
authors.forename: Erkki
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mannila
authors.forename: Sirpa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Herve
authors.forename: Terttu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vartiainen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000378:metabolism*; D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D002733:Chlorophenols; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls