title: First detection of Bacillus anthracis in feces of free-ranging raptors from central Argentina.
abstract: Prevalence of anthrax spores in feces of raptors was determined from samples collected in November-December 2000 and April-May 2001 in an agricultural region of Santa Fé province, Argentina. Feces were tested from 48 birds of six raptor species. One of 14 chimango caracaras (Milvago chimango) and one of eight road-side hawks (Buteo magnirostris) tested positive. The prevalence of Bacillus anthracis spores in feces for the six species was 4% (n=48). The prevalence was 7% (n=14) for chimango caracaras, 13% for road-side hawks (n=8), and 0% for the remaining species (Burrowing owl [Speotyto cunicularia] [n=17], Swainson's hawk [Buteo swainsoni] [n=3], Aplomado falcon [Falco femoralis] [n=2], and American kestrel [Falco sparverius] [n=4]). Grouped by their feeding habits, prevalence for scavenger species was not significantly different than for predators (7% vs. 3%, P>0.999). This study provides evidence that in central Argentina scavenger and non-scavenger raptors may have a role in the epidemiology of anthrax. Long-term studies to determine the extent of this potential involvement in the epidemiology of anthrax in central Argentina are required.
authors.affiliation: Area de Animales No Tradicionales, Departamento de Producción, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires (1427), Argentina. msaggese@cvm.tamu.edu
authors.forename: Miguel D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Saggese
authors.forename: Ramón P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Noseda
authors.forename: Marcela M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Uhart
authors.forename: Sharon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Deem
authors.forename: Hebe
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ferreyra
authors.forename: Marcelo C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: María C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ferreyra-Armas
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hugh-Jones
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000382:microbiology; D000881:Anthrax / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary*; D001118:Argentina / Q000453:epidemiology; D001408:Bacillus anthracis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000662:veterinary; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D020304:Raptors / Q000382:microbiology*; D012621:Seasons; D018571:Sentinel Surveillance / Q000662:veterinary; D013045:Species Specificity; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000302:isolation & purification