title: Videoscopic assessment of the maintenance status of gamma radiography exposure containers employed in Brazil.
abstract: Industrial radiography is the most frequent method of non-destructive testing (NDT) used by Brazilian industrial facilities for investigating the material integrity of a test object. In Brazil, industrial radiography employs around 220 x-ray and 290 gamma radiography machines. About 90% of the latter uses iridium ((192)Ir) sources. The large majority of (192)Ir projectors in operation in Brazil have been in continuous usage for more than 25 years, which means that they are old and worn-out. Usually the majority of accidents concerning gamma radiography occur during the return of the source into the exposure container. Poor maintenance or imperfections of the internal channel of the exposure container can lead to accidental source exposure. In the present work the internal tube of 65 gamma machines from nine Brazilian companies that render gamma radiography services were analysed using an industrial videoscope. The internal images from the projectors were compared with the internal image of an apparatus that had never been used, i.e. has never received a radioactive source. From the 65 machines evaluated, nine showed irregularities of the internal tube. It was also observed that each company follows a different methodology for the maintenance and lubrication of the exposure containers and drive cables.
authors.affiliation: IME, Military Institute of Engineering, Praça Gal Tibúrcio 80, Praia Vermelha, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Candeias
authors.forename: J J S
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Estrada
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Pinho
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: D'Avila
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Ramalho
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D005720:Gamma Rays; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods*; D018788:Radioactive Hazard Release / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011859:Radiography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014741:Video Recording