title: Insulin growth factor-based dosing of growth hormone therapy in children: a randomized, controlled study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Weight-based dosing of GH is the standard of care for short children, although IGF-I is thought to be the main mediator of GH actions on growth.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to test whether IGF-I levels achieved during GH therapy are determinants of the growth responses to GH treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a 2-yr, open-label, randomized, IGF-I concentration-controlled trial. Prepubertal short children [n = 172, mean age 7.53 yr, mean height sd score (HT-SDS) -2.64] with low IGF-I levels (mean IGF-I SDS -3.56) were randomized to receive one of two GH dose-titration arms in which GH dosage was titrated to achieve an IGF-I SDS at the mean [IGF((low)) group, n = 70] or the upper limit of the normal range [+2 SDS, IGF((high)) group, n = 68] or to a comparison group of conventional GH dose of 40 microg/kg/d (n = 34).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in a multicenter, outpatient setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Change in HT-SDS over 2 yr was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred forty-seven patients completed the trial. Target IGF-I levels were achieved in the dose-titration arms within 6-9 months. The changes in HT-SDS were +1.0, +1.1, and +1.6 for conventional, IGF((low)), and IGF((high)), respectively, with IGF((high)) showing significantly greater linear growth response (P < 0.001, compared with the other two groups). The IGF((high)) arm required higher doses (>2.5 times) than the IGF((low)) arm, and these GH doses were highly variable (20-346 microg/kg/d). Multivariate analyses suggested that the rise in the IGF-I SDS significantly impacted height outcome along with the GH dose and the pretreatment peak-stimulated GH level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IGF-I-based GH dosing is clinically feasible and allows maintaining serum IGF-I concentrations within the desired target range. Titrating the GH dose to achieve higher IGF-I targets results in improved growth responses, although at higher average GH doses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Mattel Children's Hospital at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, MDCC 22-315, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. hassy@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Pinchas
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Alan D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Rogol
authors.forename: Campbell P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: George M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Bright
authors.forename: Anne-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kappelgaard
authors.forename: Ron G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Rosenfeld
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001827:Body Height / Q000187:drug effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I