title: Glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor-related protein-mediated macrophage stimulation may induce cellular adhesion and cytokine expression in rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: Glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-related protein (GITR) is one of the T cell co-stimulatory molecules and is associated with the pathogenesis of a number of autoimmune diseases. We investigated the expression patterns of GITR in human arthritic synovium and the role of GITR in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Immunohistochemical analyses revealed the expression of GITR and its cognate ligand, GITRL, in macrophages in RA, but not in osteoarthritis (OA), synovium. To investigate the role of GITR in macrophage functions, primary macrophages from RA patients and a human macrophage cell line, THP-1, were analysed. Stimulation of the macrophages with anti-GITR monoclonal antibody induced up-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and subsequent aggregation/adhesion, which was enhanced by the presence of extracellular matrix proteins and blocked by anti-ICAM-1 monoclonal antibody. The validity of these in vitro observations was confirmed by immunohistochemical analyses of RA synovium, which showed strong expression of ICAM-1 in GITR-positive macrophages. Additionally, GITR stimulation induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in synovial macrophages. These data indicate that GITR, expressed on macrophages in human RA synovium, may enhance inflammatory activation of macrophages by promoting cytokine gene expression and adhesion between cells and to extracellular matrix in RA synovium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: W-J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Y-M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suk
authors.forename: E-M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: H-S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: K-S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: T-L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.forename: W-H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000276:immunology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000276:immunology; D002449:Cell Aggregation / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D053450:Glucocorticoid-Induced TNFR-Related Protein; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000276:immunology; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000276:immunology; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D016207:Cytokines; D053450:Glucocorticoid-Induced TNFR-Related Protein; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; C491405:TNFRSF18 protein, human; C478967:TNFSF18 protein, human; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9