title: Overexpression of human X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1) in colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1) is a transcription factor essential for hepatocyte growth, as well as for plasma cell differentiation. Recently, overexpression of XBP-1 has been reported in breast cancer including non-invasive carcinomas, and was suggested to play an important role in breast carcinogenesis. To investigate the involvement of XBP-1 in colorectal tumorigenecity, the expression of XBP-1 was examined in four colon cancer cell lines, six colorectal polyps and five colorectal carcinomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population consisted of eleven patients who had undergone resection for colorectal cancer or adenoma from 2000 to 2002. Four colon cancer cell lines, DLD1, SW480, HCT15 and WiDr, were also analyzed for expression of XBP-1. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed using eleven primary colon tumors. XBP-1 expression was then investigated using an immunohistochemical method for archived paraffin-embedded sections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The XBP-1 gene was overexpressed in four cases out of five primary colorectal carcinomas and in four cases out of six colorectal adenomas. Also all four cancer cell lines expressed XBP-1 mRNA. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that XBP-1 protein was strongly stained in the cytoplasms of cancer cells, whereas it was unreactive in the normal colon epithelial cells and stromal cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that increased expression of XBP-1 gene may play some role in human colon carcinogenesis through impairment of cell differentiation regulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, 2-1-10 Nishiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-8567, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimatsu
authors.forename: Kiyo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokomizo
authors.forename: Taisuke
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Otani
authors.forename: Atsuo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Gakuji
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Osawa
authors.forename: Masamitsu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Onda
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000236:Adenoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000368:Aged; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D000071701:Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000071717:X-Box Binding Protein 1
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000071701:Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000071717:X-Box Binding Protein 1; C000605543:XBP1 protein, human