title: [Clinical variability and characteristics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in girls].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobiological condition essentially characterised by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsiveness, and has a prevalence of around 5%. Because it is a biological disorder, both boys and girls with ADHD display these same symptoms, but more boys are diagnosed with ADHD (in a ratio of 3 to 1).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the differences between the two sexes, their prevalence and possible female subtypes in ADHD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective study of 172 patients of both sexes who were attended as hospital neuropaediatric outpatients in the year 2004 according to Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV-TR) criteria. Their ages ranged between 4 and 14 years and they were divided into three groups: under 6, between 6 and 10, and from 11 to 14 years old. The girls were subdivided into four subtypes, in order of greater to lesser prevalence: shy, hypersociable, hyperactive and changeable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both sexes showed the same response to methylphenidate. Only the group of boys presented other comorbidities such as negativism and conduct disorders; approximately 25% of them required treatment with atypical neuroleptic drugs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  a) Girls have certain specific clinical manifestations within the three common symptoms; b) methylphenidate is equally effective in both sexes; c) only boys display other disorders such as negativism and conduct disorders; and d) the brains of males and females are quite similar, but symptoms are expressed differently depending on environments and levels.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Espana. jrvaldizan@auna.com
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Valdizán
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mercado
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mercado-Undanivia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index