title: Up-regulation of galanin and corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNAs in the key hypothalamic and amygdaloid nuclei in a mouse model of visceral pain.
abstract: Cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced cystitis is often used as an animal model of visceral pain. Various neuropeptides in the hypothalamic and amygdaloid nuclei are implicated in pain-induced responses. However, little information is available regarding the regulation of the neuropeptides in response to visceral pain. In the present study, we examined the effects of CP-induced cystitis on the levels of mRNAs encoding galanin, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), substance P, and enkephalins in the hypothalamic and limbic nuclei using in situ hybridization histochemistry in mouse. Galanin mRNA levels in CP-treated group increased significantly in the arcuate nucleus and the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) but not in the medial preoptic area after the intraperitoneal administration of CP (200 mg/kg body weight) in comparison to those in saline-treated group. CRH mRNA levels in CP-treated group also increased significantly in the central amygdala as well as the PVN after the CP administration. In contrast, CP-induced cystitis failed to upregulate the preprotachykinin-A and preproenkephalin genes which encode substance P and enkephalins, respectively in the hypothalamic and limbic nuclei at any of the time points examined. These results suggest that visceral nociception may upregulate both galanin and CRH gene expression in the hypothalamic and limbic nuclei.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisae
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishii
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Hisami
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aono
authors.forename: Naohiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
mesh_terms: D000679:Amygdala / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001111:Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus / Q000502:physiology*; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000235:genetics*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D003556:Cystitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019004:Galanin / Q000235:genetics*; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010146:Pain; D010286:Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019004:Galanin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone