title: Mastoiditis complicated with Gradenigo syndrome and a hypertrophic pachymeningitis with consequent communicating hydrocephalus.
abstract: We present the clinical, radiological and pathological features of a case of a cranial hypertrophic pachymeningitis that developed in the course of mastoiditis and petrous apex inflammation and responded to immunosuppressive therapy only. Documented by the development of clinical findings, magnetic resonance imaging, cerebrospinal fluid changes, histopathology findings, by otosurgical intervention and finally by the insertion of a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt, the case illustrates a gradual development of pachymeningitis with consequent hydrocephalus and intracranial hypertension. We consider this disease development an example of immune-induced proliferative fibrotic changes in meninges.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Charles University, 3rd Medical Faculty and Faculty Hospital Královské Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic. d.bravo@seznam.cz
authors.forename: Dina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bravo
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Machová
authors.forename: Ales
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Marková
authors.forename: Lukás
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Otruba
authors.forename: Václav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mandys
authors.forename: Ladislav
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Houstava
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kalvach
mesh_terms: D020434:Abducens Nerve Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000276:immunology; D002701:Chloramphenicol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000473:pathology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008417:Mastoiditis / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D008578:Meninges / Q000473:pathology; D008581:Meningitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D010579:Petrous Bone / Q000473:pathology*; D013577:Syndrome; D020433:Trigeminal Nerve Diseases / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D002701:Chloramphenicol; D002443:Ceftriaxone; D008775:Methylprednisolone; D008727:Methotrexate