title: Is the malononitrilamide FK778 better for the prevention of acute or chronic rejection?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of FK778 to prevent acute and chronic allograft rejection compared with other immunosuppressive agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Heterotopic Brown-Norway (BN)-to-Lewis rat cardiac transplantations and heterotopic BN-to-Lewis tracheal transplantations were performed to study acute heart rejection and the development of chronic obliterative airway disease (OAD), respectively. Recipients were treated with FK778, tacrolimus, MMF, or sirolimus for 10 days (acute rejection study) or 28 days (chronic OAD study) at varying doses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In untreated recipients, cardiac allograft survival was 6.2 +/- 0.4 days. FK778 (20 mg/kg), tacrolimus (2 or 8 mg/kg), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF; 40 mg/kg), or sirolimus (0.5 or 2 mg/kg) significantly prolonged graft survival to 17.0 +/- 2.8, 18.5 +/- 2.7, 25.0 +/- 2.5, 20.7 +/- 3.8, 14.5 +/- 2.2, and 23.2 +/- 1.5 days, respectively (P < .05). Tracheal grafts in untreated recipients showed intense infiltration and complete luminal obliteration by day 28. FK778 (20 mg/kg), tacrolimus (1 or 4 mg/kg), MMF (10 or 40 mg/kg), or sirolimus (0.5 or 2 mg/kg) significantly inhibited tracheal luminal obliteration (19.5% +/- 16.4%, 44.2% +/- 33.6%, 12.3% +/- 3.3%, 61.7% +/- 18.6%, 18.3% +/- 11.3%, 55.0% +/- 30.9%, and 8.5% +/- 3.5% (P < .05). All 4 high-dose groups showed similar efficacy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When used in therapeutic doses, tacrolimus and sirolimus were more effective than FK778 to prolong cardiac allograft survival. However, with its antiproliferative effects on smooth muscle cells, its good tolerability, and its blockade of cytomegalovirus replication, FK778 proved effective to prevent chronic OAD development. Thus, FK778 may acquire an important role in maintenance therapy for the prevention of long-term fibroproliferative complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. t.deuse@uke.uni-hamburg.de
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Deuse
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schrepfer
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Pelletier
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Fischbein
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Reichenspurner
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000480:Alkynes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009570:Nitriles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D011914:Rats, Inbred BN; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014132:Trachea / Q000637:transplantation*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000480:Alkynes; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D007555:Isoxazoles; D009570:Nitriles; C115284:2-cyano-3-hydroxy-N-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-hepten-6-ynamide; D020123:Sirolimus; D016559:Tacrolimus