title: Some dinophycean red tide plankton species generate a superoxide scavenging substance.
abstract: Recent studies indicate that some raphidophycean red tide flagellates produce substances able to scavenge superoxide, whereas there have been no reports on superoxide scavenger production by dinophycean red tide flagellates. In this study, we examined the superoxide-scavenging activity of aqueous extracts from dinophycean red tide flagellates, Gymnodinium spp., Scrippsiella trochoidea, and Karenia sp., by a luminol analog L-012-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) method and an electron spin resonance (ESR)-spin trapping method, and compared the activity to that of raphidophycean red tide flagellates, Chattonella spp., Heterosigma akashiwo, and Fibrocapsa japonica. In the experiment applying the L-012-dependent CL method, only the aqueous extracts from raphidophycean red tide flagellates showed superoxide-scavenging activity. On the other hand, applying the ESR-spin trapping method, we found that the aqueous extracts from dinophycean red tide flagellates also showed superoxide-scavenging activity. This is the first report on the production of a superoxide-scavenger by dinophycean red tide flagellates.
authors.affiliation: New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
authors.forename: Emiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Yoshimi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niwano
authors.forename: Yukihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuyama
authors.forename: Daekyung
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Takuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kohno
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000378:metabolism*; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000378:metabolism*; D008165:Luminol / Q000737:chemistry; D010839:Phytoplankton / Q000378:metabolism*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D013481:Superoxides; D008165:Luminol