title: Cytokines and cell adhesion receptors in the regulation of immunity to Trypanosoma cruzi.
abstract: Pathophysiology of Chagas' disease is not completely defined, although innate and adaptative immune responses are crucial. In acute infection some parasite antigens can activate macrophages, and this may result in pro-inflammatory cytokine production, nitric oxide synthesis, and consequent control of parasitemia and mortality. Cell-mediated immunity in Trypanosoma cruzi infection is also modulated by cytokines, but in addition to parasite-specific responses, autoimmunity can be also triggered. Importantly, cytokines may also play a role in the cell-mediated immunity of infected subjects. Finally, leukocyte influx towards target tissues is regulated by cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular matrix components which may represent potential therapeutic targets in infected patients. Here we will discuss recent findings on the role of cytokines, chemokines and extracellular matrix components in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity during T. cruzi infection.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Thymus Research, Department of Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ave. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. savino@fiocruz.br
authors.forename: Wilson
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Savino
authors.forename: Déa Maria S
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Villa-Verde
authors.forename: Daniella Areas
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Mendes-da-Cruz
authors.forename: Elizangela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Silva-Monteiro
authors.forename: Ana Rosa
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: María del Pilar
authors.initials: Mdel P
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bottasso
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Guiñazú
authors.forename: Suse Dayse
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Silva-Barbosa
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gea
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000276:immunology*; D014355:Chagas Disease / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018925:Chemokines / Q000276:immunology*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018512:Parasitemia / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D018925:Chemokines