title: Pre-operative chemoradiotherapy with oral capecitabine in locally advanced, resectable rectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of pre-operative chemoradiotherapy with oral capecitabine in Greek patients with locally advanced, resectable rectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients, 16 men and 14 women with a median age of 58 years (range, 21-75 years), with potentially resectable T3NO (30%), T3N1 (53%) and T4NO-1 (17%) rectal cancer, were treated with capecitabine (825 mg/m(2), twice daily for 7 days/week) and concomitant radiotherapy (50.4 Gy/28 fractions) for 5.5 weeks. Patients underwent surgery with total mesorectal excision 4-6 weeks later followed by 4-months of post-operative treatment with capecitabine. The primary end-point was to determine the clinical and pathological response, safety profile, preservation of the sphincter mechanism and rate of peri-operative complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median distance of rectal tumors from the anal verge was 7 cm. All patients had curative resection. Downstaging rate was 84% (25/30) on endorectal ultrasonography and 75% (22/30) on pathology findings. Pathological complete response rate was 23% (7/30). No patient had grade 4 toxicity. Grade 3 toxicity occurred in 3 patients (10%) and consisted mainly of leucopenia (6%) and hand-foot syndrome (4%). Mild or moderate toxicity was frequent, but always reversible. Twenty-four patients (80%) received sphincter-preserving surgical procedures. Peni-operative complications were seen in 6 (20%) patients and included mechanical ileus (3%), delayed wound healing (7%), wound infection (7%) and anastomotic leakage (3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pre-operative chemoradiotherapy with oral capecitabine in locally advanced, resectable rectal cancer achieves significant rates of tumor downstaging and sphincter preservation with a favorable safety profile.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Hellenic Anticancer Institute, St. Savvas Hospital, Athens, Greece. dkorkolis_2000@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Dimitris P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Korkolis
authors.forename: Christos S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Boskos
authors.forename: George D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Plataniotis
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gontikakis
authors.forename: Ioannis J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Karaitianos
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Avgerinos
authors.forename: Aggeliki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Katopodi
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xinopoulos
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dimitroulopoulos
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Beroukas
authors.forename: Perikles P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Vassilopoulos
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069287:Capecitabine; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D011355:Prodrugs; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000069287:Capecitabine; D005472:Fluorouracil