title: Increase in GSK3beta gene copy number variation in bipolar disorder.
abstract: The analysis of submicroscopic copy number variations (CNVs), also known as copy number polymorphisms (CNPs), is emerging as a new tool for understanding the genetic basis of cancer, developmental disorders, and complex traits. One area where this may be particularly useful is in the identification of genetic variants underlying schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). Linkage analysis and pharmacological studies carried out over the past decade have implicated a number of positional and physiological candidate genes. Yet, despite extensive analysis, the underlying allelic variants responsible for disease susceptibility have remained, largely, elusive. Although the borders of most CNV have not been precisely mapped, it appears that a considerable number of SZ and BD candidate genes have their coding elements disrupted by polymorphic CNVs, suggesting that these would be good variants to consider for underlying disease susceptibility. One such gene is GSK3beta, which codes for glycogen synthase kinase, a key component of the Wnt signaling pathway and a target of lithium salts. A CNV in the GSK3beta locus at chromosome 3q13.3 appears to disrupt the gene's 3'-coding elements. The CNV also affects two other annotated genes. We now report that patients with BD have an increased frequency of this CNV-primarily the duplication variant-compared with controls (P = 0.002). The finding suggests that GSK3beta may be involved in BD susceptibility in some individuals and that CNVs in this and other candidate genes for psychiatric disorders should be analyzed as causative functional genetic variants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Basic Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA. Lachman@aecom.yu.edu
authors.forename: Herbert M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Lachman
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pedrosa
authors.forename: Oriana A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Petruolo
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cockerham
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papolos
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Novak
authors.forename: Demitri F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Papolos
authors.forename: Pavla
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stopkova
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000235:genetics*; D002237:Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D018628:Gene Dosage; D020440:Gene Duplication; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000235:genetics*; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D002237:Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases; C020552:galactose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; C000605506:GSK3B protein, human; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3