Structures of the extracellular regions of the group II/III metabotropic glutamate receptors.
Metabotropic glutamate receptors play major roles in the activation of excitatory synapses in the central nerve system. We determined the crystal structure of the entire extracellular region of the group II receptor and that of the ligand-binding region of the group III receptor. A comparison among groups I, II, and III provides the structural basis that could account for the discrimination of group-specific agonists. Furthermore, the structure of group II includes the cysteine-rich domain, which is tightly linked to the ligand-binding domain by a disulfide bridge, suggesting a potential role in transmitting a ligand-induced conformational change into the downstream transmembrane region. The structure also reveals the lateral interaction between the two cysteine-rich domains, which could stimulate clustering of the dimeric receptors on the cell surface. We propose a general activation mechanism of the dimeric receptor coupled with both ligand-binding and interprotomer rearrangements.
Muto
Takanori
T
Biomolecular Engineering Research Institute, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan.
Tsuchiya
Daisuke
D
Morikawa
Kosuke
K
Jingami
Hisato
H
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D003545:Cysteine / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D051381:Rats; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
D008024:Ligands; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; D003545:Cysteine