title: There's no place like home: a qualitative study of the working conditions of home health care providers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Home health care (HHC) is one of the fastest growing US industries. Its working conditions have been challenging to evaluate, because the work environments are highly variable and geographically dispersed. This study aims to characterize qualitatively the work experience and hazards of HHC clinicians, with a focus on risk factors for bloodborne pathogen exposures.
  
  
  METHODS
  The researchers conducted five focus group discussions with HHC clinicians and ten in-depth interviews with HHC agency managers and trade union representatives in Massachusetts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HHC clinicians face serious occupational hazards, including violence in neighborhoods and homes, lack of workstations, heavy patient lifting, improper disposal of dressings or sharp medical devices, and high productivity demands.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The social context of the home-work environment challenges the implementation of preventive interventions to reduce occupational hazards in HHC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Work Environment, School of Health and Environment, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA. Pia_Markkanen@uml.edu
authors.forename: Pia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Markkanen
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Galligan
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chalupka
authors.forename: Letitia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laramie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017848:Blood-Borne Pathogens; D017028:Caregivers / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards*; D017144:Focus Groups; D006699:Home Care Services / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008404:Massachusetts; D008875:Middle Aged; D016602:Needlestick Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000592:standards*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012307:Risk Factors