title: Randomised controlled trial of nasal continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) in bronchiolitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) with standard treatment (ST) in the management of bronchiolitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children <1 year of age with bronchiolitis and capillary PCO2 >6 kPa were recruited and randomised to CPAP or ST and then crossed over to the alternative treatment after 12 h. ST was intravenous fluids and supplemental oxygen by nasal prongs or face mask. The change in PCO2 was compared between the groups after 12 and 24 h. Secondary outcomes were change in capillary pH, respiratory rate, pulse rate and the need for invasive ventilatory support.
  
  
  RESULTS
  29 of 31 children completed the study. PCO2 after 12 h fell by 0.92 kPa in children treated with CPAP compared with a rise of 0.04 kPa in those on ST (p<0.015). If CPAP was used first, there was a significantly better reduction in PCO2 than if it was used second. There were no differences in secondary outcome measures. CPAP was well tolerated with no complications identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that CPAP compared with ST improves ventilation in children with bronchiolitis and hypercapnoea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Road, London, UK. lthia@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: Lena P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Thia
authors.forename: Sheila A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.forename: Tom P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Blyth
authors.forename: Caro C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Minasian
authors.forename: Wanda J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kozlowska
authors.forename: Siobhan B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Carr
mesh_terms: D001988:Bronchiolitis / Q000628:therapy*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D006801:Humans; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000628:therapy; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide