title: Characteristics of thymoma successfully resected by videothoracoscopic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The inclusion criteria were established for a videothoracoscopic resection of early-stage thymoma. We retrospectively evaluated the validity of these criteria in the treatment of early-stage thymoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The computed tomography (CT) image characteristics and clinical information comprised these criteria. The image considerations included the location of the tumor in the anterior mediastinum, a distinct fat plane between the tumor and vital organs, unilateral tumor predominance, tumor encapsulation, the existence of residual normal-appearing thymic tissue, and no mass compression effect. All enrollees were expected to be free of pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, paralysis of the hemidiaphragm, and the encasement of great vessels. An elevation of either the serum alpha-fetoprotein or beta-human chorionic gonadotropin levels, severe chest pain, superior vena cava syndrome, hoarseness, and age less than 20 years excluded the patient from enrollment. The heterogeneous content of the tumor was not an exclusion criterion, and the tumor size was not considered important. According to the above criteria, 44 patients were enrolled between November 1999 and November 2005.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-seven patients had stage I thymoma and 17 had stage II thymoma. All patients successfully underwent a complete tumor resection using a three-port endoscopic technique. There was no open conversion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on these criteria, we can select suitable patients to confidently perform a thoracoscopic resection of early-stage thymoma.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, 1 E-Da Road, Jiau-shu Tsuen, Yan-chau Shiang, Kaohsiung County, Taiwan 824.
authors.forename: Yu-Jen
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Jui-Sheng
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Eing-Long
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Kao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted; D013945:Thymoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D013953:Thymus Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed