title: Identifying mechanisms of treatment effects and recovery in rehabilitation of schizophrenia: longitudinal analytic methods.
abstract: The longitudinal dimension of schizophrenia and related severe mental illness is a key component of theoretical models of recovery. However, empirical longitudinal investigations have been underrepresented in the psychopathology of schizophrenia. Similarly, traditional approaches to longitudinal analysis of psychopathological data have had serious limitations. The utilization of modern longitudinal methods is necessary to capture the complexity of biopsychosocial models of treatment and recovery in schizophrenia. The present paper summarizes empirical data from traditional longitudinal research investigating recovery in symptoms, neurocognition, and social functioning. Studies conducted under treatment as usual conditions are compared to psychosocial intervention studies and potential treatment mechanisms of psychosocial interventions are discussed. Investigations of rehabilitation for schizophrenia using the longitudinal analytic strategies of growth curve and time series analysis are demonstrated. The respective advantages and disadvantages of these modern methods are highlighted. Their potential use for future research of treatment effects and recovery in schizophrenia is also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA. jason.peer@va.gov
authors.forename: Jason E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Peer
authors.forename: Zeno
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kupper
authors.forename: Jeffrey D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Brekke
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Spaulding
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008960:Models, Psychological; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018187:Personal Construct Theory; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012917:Social Adjustment
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents