Hyperoxia-induced signal transduction pathways in pulmonary epithelial cells.
Mechanical ventilation with hyperoxia is necessary to treat critically ill patients. However, prolonged exposure to hyperoxia leads to the generation of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can cause acute inflammatory lung injury. One of the major effects of hyperoxia is the injury and death of pulmonary epithelium, which is accompanied by increased levels of pulmonary proinflammatory cytokines and excessive leukocyte infiltration. A thorough understanding of the signaling pathways leading to pulmonary epithelial cell injury/death may provide some insights into the pathogenesis of hyperoxia-induced acute inflammatory lung injury. This review focuses on epithelial responses to hyperoxia and some of the major factors regulating pathways to epithelial cell injury/death, and proinflammatory responses on exposure to hyperoxia. We discuss in detail some of the most interesting players, such as NF-kappaB, that can modulate both proinflammatory responses and cell injury/death of lung epithelial cells. A better appreciation for the functions of these factors will no doubt help us to delineate the pathways to hyperoxic cell death and proinflammatory responses.
Zaher
Tahereh E
TE
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University College of Pharmacy, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
Miller
Edmund J
EJ
Morrow
Dympna M P
DM
Javdan
Mohammad
M
Mantell
Lin L
LL
D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D018496:Hyperoxia / Q000378:metabolism*; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
D016207:Cytokines; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014157:Transcription Factors