title: Semiquantitative assessment of surgical lung biopsy: predictive value and impact on survival of patients with diffuse pulmonary infiltrate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Surgical lung biopsy has been studied in distinct populations, mostly going beyond clinical issues to impinge upon routine histopathological diagnostic information in diffuse infiltrates; however, detailed tissue analyses have rarely been performed. The present study was designed to investigate the prognostic contribution provided by detailed tissue analysis in diffuse infiltrates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records and surgical lung biopsies from the period of 1982 to 2003 of 63 patients older than 18 years with diffuse infiltrates were retrospectively examined. Lung parenchyma was histologically divided into 4 anatomical compartments: interstitium, airways, vessels, and alveolar spaces. Histological changes throughout these anatomical compartments were then evaluated according to their acute or chronic evolutional character. A semiquantitative scoring system was applied to histologic findings to evaluate the intensity and extent of the pathological process. We applied logistic regression to predict the risk of death associated with acute and chronic histological changes and to estimate the odds ratios for each of the independent variables in the model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Impact on survival was found for male gender (P = 0.03), presence of diffuse alveolar damage (P = 0.001), and chronic histological changes (P = 0.0004) on biopsy. Thus, being male was associated with a slightly lower risk (O.R. = 0.18; P=0.03) of dying than being female. Death risk was increased 17 times in the presence of acute histological changes such as diffuse alveolar damage and 2.5 times in the presence of chronic histological changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Detailed analysis of histological specimens can provide more than a nosological diagnosis: this approach can provide valuable information concerning prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Diseases, Heart Institute, Medical School, São Paulo University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Canzian
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Matos Soeiro
authors.forename: Marcel Frederico
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: de Lima Taga
authors.forename: Cecília
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Farhat
authors.forename: Carmen Silvia Valente
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Barbas
authors.forename: Vera Luiza
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Capelozzi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D001988:Bronchiolitis / Q000473:pathology; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology*; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000473:pathology; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000473:pathology; D012737:Sex Factors; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000473:pathology