title: Long-term outcome after an early invasive versus selective invasive treatment strategy in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome and elevated cardiac troponin T (the ICTUS trial): a follow-up study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The ICTUS trial was a study that compared an early invasive with a selective invasive treatment strategy in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (nSTE-ACS). The study reported no difference between the strategies for frequency of death, myocardial infarction, or rehospitalisation after 1 year. We did a follow-up study to assess the effects of these treatment strategies after 4 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  1200 patients with nSTE-ACS and an elevated cardiac troponin were enrolled from 42 hospitals in the Netherlands. Patients were randomly assigned either to an early invasive strategy, including early routine catheterisation and revascularisation where appropriate, or to a more selective invasive strategy, where catheterisation was done if the patient had refractory angina or recurrent ischaemia. The main endpoints for the current follow-up study were death, recurrent myocardial infarction, or rehospitalisation for anginal symptoms within 3 years after randomisation, and cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality within 4 years. Analysis was by intention-to-treat. This study is registered as an International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial, number ISRCTN82153174.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The in-hospital revascularisation rate was 76% in the early invasive group and 40% in the selective invasive group. After 3 years, the cumulative rate for the combined endpoint was 30.0% in the early invasive group compared with 26.0% in the selective invasive group (hazard ratio 1.21; 95% CI 0.97-1.50; p=0.09). Myocardial infarction was more frequent in the early invasive strategy group (106 [18.3%] vs 69 [12.3%]; HR 1.61; 1.19-2.18; p=0.002). Rates of death or spontaneous myocardial infarction were not different (76 [14.3%] patients in the early invasive and 63 [11.2%] patients in the selective invasive strategy [HR 1.19; 0.86-1.67; p=0.30]). No difference in all-cause mortality (7.9%vs 7.7%; p=0.62) or cardiovascular mortality (4.5%vs 5.0%; p=0.97) was seen within 4 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term follow-up of the ICTUS trial suggests that an early invasive strategy might not be better than a more selective invasive strategy in patients with nSTE-ACS and an elevated cardiac troponin, and implementation of either strategy might be acceptable in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology of the Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology of the Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Fons
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Windhausen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology of the Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan Gp
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Tijssen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology of the University Medical Centre St. Radboud, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Freek Wa
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Verheugt
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology of the Medical Centre Alkmaar, Alkmaar, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan Hein
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cornel
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology of the Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Electronic address: r.j.dewinter@amc.uva.nl.
authors.forename: Robbert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: de Winter
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000368:Aged; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012008:Recurrence; D015607:Stents / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013577:Syndrome; D020107:Troponin T / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D015415:Biomarkers; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D020107:Troponin T; D001241:Aspirin