title: Resonance frequency analysis in relation to jawbone characteristics and during early healing of implant installation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To monitor resonance frequency analysis (RFA) in relation to the jawbone characteristics and during the early phases of healing and incorporation of Straumann dental implants with an SLA surface.
  
  
  METHODS
  17 Straumann 4.1 mm implants (10 mm) and 7 Straumann 4.8 mm implants (10 mm) were installed and ISQ determined at baseline and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 12 weeks. Central bone cores were analyzed from the 4.1 mm implants using micro CT for bone volume density (BVD) and bone trabecular connectivity (BTC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pocket probing depths ranged from 2-4 mm and bleeding on probing from 5-20%. At baseline, BVD varied between 24% and 65% and BTC between 4.9 and 25.4 for the 4.1 mm implants. Baseline ISQ varied between 55 and 74 with a mean of 61.4. No significant correlations were found between BVD or BTC and ISQ Values. For the 4.8 mm diameter implants baseline ISQ values ranged from 57-70 with a mean of 63.3. Over the healing period ISQ values increased at 1 week and decreased after 2-3 weeks. After 4 weeks ISQ values, again increased slightly, no significant differences were noted over time. One implant (4.1 mm) lost stability at 3 weeks. Its ISQ value had dropped from 68 to 45. However the latter value was determined after the clinical diagnosis of instability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ISQ values of 57-70 represented homeostasis and implant stability. However no predictive value for loosing implant stability can be attributed to RFA since the decrease occurred after the fact.
authors.affiliation: School of Dental Medicine, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Huwiler
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Pjetursson
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Bosshardt
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Salvi
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Lang
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000473:pathology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015519:Bone Density; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D010512:Periodontal Index; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants