title: Myozenin 2 is a novel gene for human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
abstract: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in sarcomeric proteins (excluding phenocopy). The causal genes in approximately one-third of the cases remain unknown. We identified a family comprised of 6 clinically affected members. The phenotype was characterized by early onset of symptoms, pronounced cardiac hypertrophy, and cardiac arrhythmias. We excluded MYH7, MYBPC3, TNNT2, and ACTC1 as the causal gene either by direct sequencing or by haplotype analysis. To map the putative candidate sarcomeric gene, we perforbold locus-specific haplotyping to detect cosegregation of the locus haplotype with the phenotype, followed by mutation screening. We genotyped 5 short-tandem-repeat markers that spanned a 4.4-centimorgan region on 4q26-q27 locus and encompassed myozenin 2 (MYOZ2), a Z-disk protein. The maximum logarithm of odds score was 2.03 (P=0.005). All affected members shared a common haplotype, implicating MYOZ2 as the causal gene. To detect the causal mutation, we sequenced all exons and exon-intron boundaries of MYOZ2 in 10 family members and identified a T-->C missense mutation corresponding to S48P substitution, which cosegregated with inheritance of HCM (N=6). It was absent in 4 clinically normal family members and in 658 additional normal individuals. To determine frequency of the MYOZ2 mutations in HCM, we sequenced MYOZ2 in 516 HCM probands and detected another missense mutation (I246M). It was absent in 2 normal family members and 517 controls. Both mutations affect highly conserved amino acids. We conclude MYOZ2 is a novel causal gene for human HCM.
authors.affiliation: Center for Cardiovascular Genetic Research, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Osio
authors.forename: Lily
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Suet N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lombardi
authors.forename: Sherif F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Nagueh
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shete
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Willerson
authors.forename: Ali J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Marian
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D001483:Base Sequence; D044383:Black People / Q000235:genetics; D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008126:Lod Score; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D010375:Pedigree; D019683:Penetrance; D010641:Phenotype; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014429:Twins, Dizygotic
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; C419779:MYOZ2 protein, human; D009124:Muscle Proteins