title: Gap junctional uncoupling plays a trigger role in the antiarrhythmic effect of ischaemic preconditioning.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine whether uncoupling of gap junctions (GJ) prior to ischaemia would modify the antiarrhythmic effect of ischaemic preconditioning (PC) in a canine model of ischaemia/reperfusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty control dogs, anaesthetised with chloralose and urethane, were thoracotomised and subjected either to a 25 or a 60 min occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. This prolonged ischaemia was preceded 20 min earlier by a single 5 min LAD occlusion in preconditioned dogs (PC group; n=14) or by a 20 min intracoronary infusion of 50 microM carbenoxolone (CBX group; n=15), a relatively selective uncoupler of gap junctions. CBX was also infused in PC dogs (CBX+PC group; n=11). The severity of ischaemia (epicardial ST-segment changes, inhomogeneity of electrical activation) and of ventricular arrhythmias, such as ventricular premature beats (VPBs), ventricular tachycardiac (VT) episodes and ventricular fibrillation (VF), as well as changes in electrical impedance was assessed throughout the experiments. Connexin 43 (Cx43) phosphorylation and GJ permeability were determined at the end of the occlusion periods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the controls PC and, interestingly, CBX markedly reduced, e.g. the total number of VPBs (440+/-104 vs 47+/-11 and 60+/-15; P<0.05) during the prolonged occlusion. This protection was, however, attenuated when CBX was infused in PC dogs (VPBs: 203+/-32). Changes in electrical impedance, GJ permeability and Cx43 dephosphorylation were significantly less in the PC and CBX groups than in the controls but these were again increased in the CBX+PC group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Uncoupling of GJs prior to ischaemia either by PC or CBX preserves the electrical coupling of cells and results in an antiarrhythmic effect during a subsequent ischaemic insult, indicating that a partial closure of gap junctions may play a trigger role in the protection. In contrast, when CBX is administered in PC dogs the protection both against GJ uncoupling and arrhythmias is markedly attenuated, suggesting that the antiarrhythmic protection, at least in part, is mediated through GJs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Dóm tér 12, Hungary.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Papp
authors.forename: Márton
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gönczi
authors.forename: Mária
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kovács
authors.forename: György
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Seprényi
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Végh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D002229:Carbenoxolone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002450:Cell Communication; D018031:Connexin 43 / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D017629:Gap Junctions / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial; D008297:Male; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D011897:Random Allocation; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D014475:Uncoupling Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018031:Connexin 43; D014475:Uncoupling Agents; D002229:Carbenoxolone