title: Modulation of multidrug resistance gene expression in human breast cancer cells by (-)-gossypol-enriched cottonseed oil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major impediment to successful cancer chemotherapy. P-glycoprotein (P-gp), the product of the multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) gene, acts as an efflux pump and prevents sufficient intracellular accumulation of several anticancer agents, thus, playing a major role in MDR. Tamoxifen (Tam), ICI 182 780 (ICI) and Adriamycin (Adr) alone or with (-)-gossypol-enriched cottonseed oil [(-)-GPCSO] possible effects on cell growth inhibition and regulation of MDR1, mRNA and P-gp expression were examined in both an MDR human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7/Adr cells, and primary cultured human breast cancer epithelial cells (PCHBCEC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cells were treated with 0.05% of (-)-GPCSO either in the absence or presence of either 0.1 microM Tam, ICI or Adr for 24 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using the non-radioactive cell proliferation MTS assay, none of these chemotherapeutic agents alone inhibited MCF-7/Adr cell and PCHBCEC proliferation; meanwhile, the combination of 0.1 microM Tam, ICI or Adr with 0.05% (-)-GPCSO significantly reduced MCF-7/Adr cell growth by approximately 34%, 32% and 23%, respectively, of that of the vehicle-treated cells. For PCHBCEC, the combination of 0.05% (-)-GPCSO with 0.1 microM of Tam, ICI and Adr reduced cell growth to about 94%, 90%, and 71% respectively, of the vehicle treated PCHBCEC. Furthermore, (-)-GPCSO inhibited MDR1/P-gp expression in both MCF- 7/Adr and PCHBCEC in a dose-dependent manner. Our results provide insight into the MDR-reversing potential of (-)-GPCSO in human breast cancer cells resistant to current chemotherapeutic agents.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Reproductive and Molecular Endocrinology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1092, USA.
authors.forename: Weiping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Hsiang-Lin
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Li-Shu
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yi-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Sherry
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Dowd
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Yasuro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: Young C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003369:Cottonseed Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077267:Fulvestrant; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D019450:Genes, MDR / Q000187:drug effects*; D006072:Gossypol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D003369:Cottonseed Oil; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013629:Tamoxifen; D000077267:Fulvestrant; D004958:Estradiol; D004317:Doxorubicin; D006072:Gossypol