title: Monitoring plasma voriconazole levels may be necessary to avoid subtherapeutic levels in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low voriconazole levels have been associated with a higher failure rate in patients with confirmed fungal infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Steady-state plasma trough voriconazole levels were measured after at least 5 days of therapy in 87 patients with hematologic malignancies on 201 separate occasions (1-5 levels per patient; median, 2). Most patients (90%) had undergone allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The daily voriconazole dose, administered in 2 divided doses, was 200 mg (n = 4), 400 mg (n = 151), 500 mg (n = 20), 600 mg (n = 18), and 800 mg (n = 8); corresponding to 2.0-16.3 (median, 5.4) mg/kg. Plasma voriconazole levels were 0-12.5 microg/mL (median, 1.2). Voriconazole was undetectable (<0.2 mug/mL) in 15%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The correlation between dose and levels was weak (r = 0.14; P = .045). The median absolute daily drug dose (400 mg) was identical in groups of patients with levels of 0, 0.2 to 0.5, >0.5 to 2.0, >2.0 to 5.0, and >5.0. Whereas the daily drug dose in mg/kg was significantly higher when the levels were >5.0 microg/mL, there was no consistent relation between dose and level below that threshold. In adult patients getting standard doses of voriconazole orally, the drug levels are highly variable. Based on limited available data, between a quarter and two-thirds of these levels could potentially be associated with a lower likelihood of response or a higher likelihood of failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future voriconazole studies should incorporate prospective therapeutic drug monitoring and consideration should be given to checking levels in patients receiving the drug for confirmed, life-threatening fungal infections.
authors.affiliation: Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Trifilio
authors.forename: Gennethel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pennick
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pi
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zook
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Golf
authors.forename: Kimberley
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaniecki
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singhal
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tallman
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Frankfurt
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Evens
authors.forename: Jayesh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mehta
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000097:blood*; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D009181:Mycoses / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000097:blood*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014230:Triazoles / Q000097:blood*; D065819:Voriconazole
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D011743:Pyrimidines; D014230:Triazoles; D065819:Voriconazole