title: Mg2+ deprivation elicits rapid Ca2+ uptake and activates Ca2+/calcineurin signaling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
abstract: To learn about the cellular processes involved in Mg(2+) homeostasis and the mechanisms allowing cells to cope with low Mg(2+) availability, we performed RNA expression-profiling experiments and followed changes in gene activity upon Mg(2+) depletion on a genome-wide scale. A striking portion of genes up-regulated under Mg(2+) depletion are also induced by high Ca(2+) and/or alkalinization. Among the genes significantly up-regulated by Mg(2+) starvation, Ca(2+) stress, and alkalinization are ENA1 (encoding a P-type ATPase sodium pump) and PHO89 (encoding a sodium/phosphate cotransporter). We show that up-regulation of these genes is dependent on the calcineurin/Crz1p (calcineurin-responsive zinc finger protein) signaling pathway. Similarly to Ca(2+) stress, Mg(2+) starvation induces translocation of the transcription factor Crz1p from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. The up-regulation of ENA1 and PHO89 upon Mg(2+) starvation depends on extracellular Ca(2+). Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer microscopy, we demonstrate that removal of Mg(2+) results in an immediate increase in free cytoplasmic Ca(2+). This effect is dependent on external Ca(2+). The results presented indicate that Mg(2+) depletion in yeast cells leads to enhanced cellular Ca(2+) concentrations, which activate the Crz1p/calcineurin pathway. We provide evidence that calcineurin/Crz1p signaling is crucial for yeast cells to cope with Mg(2+) depletion stress.
authors.affiliation: Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Genetics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Gerlinde
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wiesenberger
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Steinleitner
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malli
authors.forename: Wolfgang F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Graier
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vormann
authors.forename: Rudolf J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Schweyen
authors.forename: Jochen A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Stadler
mesh_terms: D019703:Calcineurin / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000187:drug effects; D005508:Food Deprivation; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects; D016681:Genome, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D019703:Calcineurin; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium