title: Inhaled corticosteroids for recurrent respiratory symptoms in preschool children in general practice: randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Therapy with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) is beneficial in patients with asthma. However, in preschool children with symptoms like cough, wheeze, or shortness of breath diagnosing asthma is difficult. Therefore, the role of ICS in the management of preschool children with recurrent respiratory symptoms is unclear. We assessed the effectiveness of ICS in preschool children with recurrent respiratory symptoms in general practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this multicenter, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial, 96 children aged 1-5 years consulting their general practitioners for recurrent respiratory symptoms and in whom treatment with ICS was considered by the general practitioner were randomly allocated to receive ICS (fluticasone propionate 200 mcg/day by metered dose inhaler/spacer combination) or placebo for 6 months. Outcome assessments were carried out 1, 3, and 6 months after randomization. The primary outcome measure was the symptom score (cough, shortness of breath and wheeze during day and night) as measured by a symptom diary card. Secondary endpoints were symptom-free days, use of rescue medication, adverse events, and lung function variables as measured by the interrupter technique and forced oscillation technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the 6 months treatment period, symptoms improved in both groups, with no differences between ICS and placebo. In addition, none of the secondary outcome parameters showed differences between both treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ICS treatment has no beneficial effect in preschool children with recurrent respiratory symptoms in general practice. We therefore recommend a watchful waiting policy with only symptomatic treatment in these children. General practitioners and pediatricians should be aware of the high probability of overtreatment when prescribing ICS in these children.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 196, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands. s.schokker@med.umcg.nl <s.schokker@med.umcg.nl>
authors.forename: Siebrig
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schokker
authors.forename: Elisabeth M W
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Kooi
authors.forename: Tjalling W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: Paul L P
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Brand
authors.forename: Paul G H
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Duiverman
authors.forename: Thys
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: van der Molen
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D000068298:Fluticasone; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D036501:Metered Dose Inhalers; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D000068298:Fluticasone