title: Caregiver burden in partners of Heart Failure patients; limited influence of disease severity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In complying with required life style changes Heart Failure (HF) patients often depend on their partners. However providing care may cause burden and affect the health of these partners. The aim of this study was to investigate determinants of caregiver burden in order to identify caregivers who are at risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a cross-sectional design, caregiver burden and potential determinants were measured in partners of HF patients. Demographic and clinical data were assessed in HF patients, partners completed questionnaires on caregiver burden (the Caregiver Reaction Assessment, CRA), caregiving tasks performed, physical and mental health status and quality of the marital relationship.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total 357 partners (75% female, mean age 67 years) participated. The physical health status of HF patients was only significantly associated with two domains of caregiver burden, 'disruption of daily schedule' (p<0.01) and 'loss of physical strength' (p<0.01). No associations were found with age, co-morbidity and LVEF. All domains of the CRA were mainly associated with the partner's own mental health (p<0.01) and with providing personal care to HF patients (p<0.01). Gender differences were only found with regard to the domain of 'feeling a lack of family support'.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The assessment of caregiver burden should focus on the mental strength of partners. Furthermore when assistance in personal care is needed, additional support, either informal or professional, may be indicated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. m.l.a.luttik@thorax.umcg.nl <m.l.a.luttik@thorax.umcg.nl>
authors.forename: Marie Louise
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Luttik
authors.forename: Tiny
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jaarsma
authors.forename: Nic
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Veeger
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tijssen
authors.forename: Robbert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sanderman
authors.forename: Dirk J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: van Veldhuisen
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000368:Aged; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003376:Counseling; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008393:Marriage; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D012944:Social Support; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy