title: Diet-induced obesity causes severe but reversible leptin resistance in arcuate melanocortin neurons.
abstract: Despite high leptin levels, most obese humans and rodents lack responsiveness to its appetite-suppressing effects. We demonstrate that leptin modulates NPY/AgRP and alpha-MSH secretion from the ARH of lean mice. High-fat diet-induced obese (DIO) mice have normal ObRb levels and increased SOCS-3 levels, but leptin fails to modulate peptide secretion and any element of the leptin signaling cascade. Despite this leptin resistance, the melanocortin system downstream of the ARH in DIO mice is over-responsive to melanocortin agonists, probably due to upregulation of MC4R. Lastly, we show that by decreasing the fat content of the mouse's diet, leptin responsiveness of NPY/AgRP and POMC neurons recovered simultaneously, with mice regaining normal leptin sensitivity and glycemic control. These results highlight the physiological importance of leptin sensing in the melanocortin circuits and show that their loss of leptin sensing likely contributes to the pathology of leptin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA.
authors.forename: Pablo J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Enriori
authors.forename: Anne E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Puspha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sinnayah
authors.forename: Erin E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Jobst
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tonelli-Lemos
authors.forename: Sonja K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Billes
authors.forename: Maria M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Glavas
authors.forename: Bernadette E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Grayson
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perello
authors.forename: Eduardo A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Nillni
authors.forename: Kevin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Grove
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cowley
mesh_terms: D054369:Agouti-Related Protein; D000818:Animals; D001111:Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D001823:Body Composition; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020738:Leptin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D053486:Melanocortins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D009478:Neuropeptide Y / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D011333:Pro-Opiomelanocortin / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015431:Weight Loss; D000521:alpha-MSH / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D054369:Agouti-Related Protein; D004041:Dietary Fats; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D020738:Leptin; D053486:Melanocortins; D009478:Neuropeptide Y; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000521:alpha-MSH; D011333:Pro-Opiomelanocortin