title: Self-disclosure in psychotherapy supervisors: gender differences.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article will explore the possible reasons for gender differences found in self-disclosure in psychotherapy supervisors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Trainees and supervisors in the Brown University Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior completed a questionnaire that asked about the appropriateness of the actions of a psychotherapy supervisor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On three items, male and female supervisors differed significantly in their perceptions of appropriate boundaries. These items were: interacting with the resident alone outside of supervision e.g. playing tennis (p = .0005), publishing identifiable content of supervision discussions with resident's consent (p = .0006), and disclosing the supervisor's prior struggles with substance abuse (p = .0008). Female supervisors answered "never" to these items in greater numbers than the male supervisors, who, for the most part answered "occasionally".
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Traditional gender role behaviors and differential gender socialization patterns are possible reasons for the gender difference in perception of boundaries by supervisors.
authors.affiliation: Brown Medical School and Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, Rhode Island 02906, USA. aheru@butler.org
authors.forename: Alison M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Heru
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Strong
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: Patricia R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Recupero
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005178:Faculty; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000193:education; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000193:education*; D012650:Self Disclosure; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires