title: Clinical management recommendations for surveillance and risk-reduction strategies for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer among individuals carrying a deleterious BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Canada, there are wide variations in services for patients at risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC), and clinical interventions and recommendations differ between regions and/or provinces. National strategies for the clinical management of HBOC exist in the United Kingdom, France, and Australia, and clinical programs in Canada would benefit from similar national recommendations and a consistent approach to clinical management. The National Hereditary Cancer Task Force developed recommendations to address the clinical management of patients at high risk of HBOC and related cancers. These recommendations are based on current practice in high-risk cancer clinics that provide care for individuals with known BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Canadian consensus recommendations were generated by the National Hereditary Cancer Task Force and compared mainly with two recently published guidance documents on the clinical management of women with increased risk of HBOC, one from the United Kingdom and the other from France. After review of these documents and the associated supporting scientific evidence, the Canadian consensus recommendations were modified and rated using predefined criteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These recommendations pertain to (1) surveillance options including breast self-examination, clinical breast examination, breast surveillance by imaging, ovarian cancer surveillance, and surveillance for men; (2) risk-reduction strategies including prophylactic mastectomy, prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy, and pharmacoprevention; and (3) the use of exogenous hormones. Regular updates should occur as new evidence becomes available.
authors.affiliation: British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Doug
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Horsman
authors.forename: Brenda J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Avard
authors.forename: Wendy S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Meschino
authors.forename: Charmaine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kim Sing
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plante
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eisen
authors.forename: Heather E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Howley
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Simard
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D019398:Genes, BRCA1; D024522:Genes, BRCA2; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012307:Risk Factors