title: Anal endosonography: a survey of equipment, technique and diagnostic criteria adopted in nine Italian centers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anal endosonography (AES) has become an essential part of the pre-operative diagnostic workup in both organic and functional anal diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine Italian centres with an average volume activity of >10 exams/week each were surveyed with the aim of determining the concordance with respect to indications for the procedure and interpretation of the results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, anal sepsis, faecal incontinence and anorectal tumours were the more common indications for AES while evacuation dysfunctions and anal pain were not always considered indications. All centres use the same diagnostic criteria for simple and complicated perirectal sepsis and sphincteric defects, but adopt different classifications for stage 1 and stage 2 anal tumours. Participants agreed in that lymph-node staging by AES is less precise than tumour staging, especially after chemoradiation therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A list of recommendations and guidelines based on the groups's experience has been produced for those radiologists and coloproctologists interested in the use of AES and accreditation of their centres.
authors.affiliation: Coloproctology Unit, Department of Surgery, S. Croce Hospital, Cuneo, Italy.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Dal Corso
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Elia
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Nardi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cavallari
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Favetta
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pulvirenti D'Urso
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ratto
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Santoro
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tricomi
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Piloni
mesh_terms: D001004:Anus Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D019160:Endosonography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires