title: Does renal function deteriorate more rapidly in diabetic cardiac transplant recipients?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Selection criteria for cardiac transplant candidates with diabetes mellitus (DM) have been liberalized resulting in increased numbers of diabetic patients receiving organs. Calcineurin inhibition results in nephrotoxicity. Whether this nephrotoxicity is accelerated in diabetic heart transplant recipients is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate this question, we derived the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at transplant and at multiple time intervals thereafter for adult heart transplants performed from January 1, 2000 to January 1, 2005. GFR was estimated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation (GFRMDRD) and the Cockcroft-Gault (GFRCG) formula.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 257 patients were nondiabetic and 102 patients were diabetic before and after transplant. The diabetic patients were older (57+/-8 vs. 53+/-13 years; P<0.01) and had greater body mass index (27.5+/-5.1 vs. 25.5+/-4.4 kg/m; P<0.01) than nondiabetic patients. Baseline renal function was significantly reduced in diabetic patients with higher serum creatinine (1.6+/-0.5 vs. 1.4+/-0.5 mg/dL), lower GFRCG (65+/-27 vs. 73+/-35 mL/min), and lower GFRMDRD (54+/-23 vs. 65+/-32 mL/min; all P<0.01) than nondiabetic patients. All patients were treated with cyclosporine or tacrolimus posttransplant. The change in the GFRMDRD in nondiabetic and diabetic patients was constant and comparable at 1, 2, and 3 years posttransplant. In normal subjects, GFRMDRD declined from baseline by 7+/-26, 5+/-23, and 7+/-23 mL/min(2) and in the diabetic patients was 13+/-22, 9+/-26, 10+/-22 ml/min(2) at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively (P=NS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This data suggests that nephrotoxicity posttransplant is not accelerated in diabetic recipients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Almuti
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haythe
authors.forename: Lana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tsao
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naka
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mancini
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000601:surgery; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine