title: Cross-coupling in a body-translating reaction: interaural optokinetic stimulation reflects a gravitational cue.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  The velocity storage integrator does not play a dominant role in the postural response to vertical visual cues; more likely, retinal slip provides the main driving force. By contrast, sideways eye movement can drive the velocity storage integrator and preserve a gravitational cue, which would be observed as a cross-coupling effect on the postural response.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the mechanism by which optokinetic stimulation causes the body to translate and to determine whether the optokinetic information is accompanied by a gravitational cue, which would appear as a cross-coupling effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  Directionally diverse optokinetic stimuli were presented to seven healthy subjects, with and without a fixation target, and the body-translation of the subjects was recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Horizontal optokinetic stimulation with a fixation target caused the body to translate in the same direction as the optic flow. Upward or downward vertical optokinetic stimulation caused the body to translate backward or forward, respectively, only when a fixation target was present. When the subject's interaural axis was parallel to the optokinetic flow, diagonal optokinetic stimulation in the absence of a fixation target elicited responses in the pitch plane similar to those elicited by vertical stimulation in the presence of a fixation target.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ome Municipal General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. tsutsumi-t@mghp.ome.tokyo.jp
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsutsumi
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inaoka
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukuoka
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitamura
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D000328:Adult; D003463:Cues; D004585:Electrooculography; D005260:Female; D005403:Fixation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006112:Gravitation; D006801:Humans; D007699:Kinesthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009039:Motion Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D017120:Nystagmus, Optokinetic / Q000502:physiology*; D009903:Optical Illusions / Q000502:physiology*; D009949:Orientation / Q000502:physiology*; D010037:Otolithic Membrane / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D012160:Retina / Q000502:physiology*; D014741:Video Recording