title: A loop-tendon suture for tendon transfer or graft surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We present a loop-tendon suture technique that was designed for easy tension adjustment and early postoperative rehabilitation in tendon transfer or graft surgeries. This study tested the biomechanical strength of the loop-tendon suture by using chicken flexor tendons and we report the preliminary clinical results.
  
  
  METHODS
  We tested the ultimate strength of the loop-tendon suture against the end-weave suture technique in chicken flexor tendons. Forty flexor digitorum longus tendons of chickens were divided into 2 groups according to the suture technique, loop-tendon suture and end-weave suture groups, and then were subjected to linear loading in a tensile load testing machine. From 2000 to 2002 we performed 27 tendon transfer surgeries clinically, including 4 interpositional tendon grafts in 15 patients, using this technique followed by immediate passive motion exercise after surgery. The mean follow-up time was 20 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ultimate tensile load of chicken flexor tendons was 31 +/- 6 N for the loop-tendon suture group and 23 +/- 8 N for the end-weave suture group, and the difference was statistically significant. Clinically, 6 patients with an extensor indicis proprius to an extensor pollicis longus transfer showed more than good results in the Geldmacher scheme. Three patients with an extensor indicis proprius to a central tendon transfer achieved proximal interphalangeal extension of less than 15 degrees of extension lag. One patient with a flexor digitorum profundus reconstruction obtained total active motion of 210 degrees. The 5 patients with triple transfers for radial nerve palsy showed more than neutral extension of the wrist and metacarpal joint. There were no tendon ruptures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The loop-tendon suture method has greater strength than the conventional end-weave technique, and can be used for secondary tendon reconstruction surgery with favorable clinical outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapeutic IV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sae Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Moon Sang
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Goo Hyun
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.forename: Young Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sanglim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyun Sik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Gong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011885:Radius Fractures / Q000601:surgery; D013536:Suture Techniques; D013709:Tendon Transfer; D013710:Tendons / Q000637:transplantation*; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous