title: Urinary tract injuries in patients with multiple trauma.
abstract: This article mainly reviews urinary tract injuries in patients with multiple trauma. Approximately 10% of all traumatic injuries resulting from an external force will involve the genitourinary system. The article discusses mechanisms of injury, diagnosis, and therapeutical approaches for renal, ureteral, bladder, and urethral trauma. Due to the complexity of such injuries--despite several attempts to provide a standard strategy in trauma patients with urinary tract involvement--an individual and patient-specific-therapeutic approach is mandatory in most cases. However, the availability of classified guidelines may help the surgeon to reach the most accurate decision. Because of the similarity of American and European guidelines on urological trauma, this article adapts injury severity scales and classification from the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hanover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tezval
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tezval
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: von Klot
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dresing
authors.forename: Udo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Jonas
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burchardt
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000293:injuries*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures