title: Adjuvant hypofractionated radiation therapy for breast cancer after conserving surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the incidence of locoregional recurrence (LRR) and the cosmetic results in a group of patients with breast cancer treated with a hypofractionated schedule of adjuvant radiotherapy after conservative surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 539 patients with pTis-pT1-pT2 breast cancer underwent radiotherapy treatment after conservative surgery at the University of Florence and at the Pistoia Hospital. The dose delivered was 44 Gy (2.75 Gy daily fraction). The tumour bed boost (10 Gy) was given by electrons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the time of the analysis, 1.8% of patients (10/539) had breast relapse. No patients developed nodal recurrence (supraclavicular, axillary and internal mammary nodes). The 3- and 5-year actuarial rates for LRR were 1.2% (+/- 0.5% standard error) and 2.1% (+/- 0.6% standard error), respectively. Considering the late toxicity, we found that 412 (76.4%) patients had grade 0 or grade 1 late toxicity, 113 patients (20.9%) had grade 2 late toxicity and 14 patients (2.5%) had grade 3 late toxicity. No patients developed grade 4 toxicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This type of approach resulted in an effective treatment in terms of local control in patients with negative or one to three positive axillary nodes and negative surgical margins. Patients treated with a hypofractionated schedule showed very good cosmesis.
authors.affiliation: Radiotherapy Department, Florence University, Florence, Italy. l.livi@dfc.unifi.it
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Livi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stefanacci
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scoccianti
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dicosmo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Borghesi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nosi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Simontacchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mangoni
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paiar
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ponticelli
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nori
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chiavacci
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Biti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001365:Axilla; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D018275:Carcinoma, Lobular / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D015996:Survival Rate