title: Treatment and disposal alternatives for health-care waste in developing countries--a case study in Istanbul, Turkey.
abstract: Efficient health-care waste management is crucial for the prevention of the exposure of health-care workers, patients, and the community to infections, toxic wastes and injuries as well as the protection of the environment (Safe Management of Wastes from Health-care Activities. World Health Organization, Geneva). The amount of health-care waste produced in the Istanbul Metropolitan City in Turkey is 30 ton day(-1) in total. The method used for the final disposal of most of the health-care waste of Istanbul is incineration. However, a great portion of the infectious waste is disposed of with the domestic waste into the sanitary landfill because of improper segregation practices applied in the health-care institutions. Therefore the alternatives for the treatment and disposal of health-care waste were evaluated. The technical information related to the available treatment technologies including incineration, microwave irradiation, mobile or stationary sterilization, etc. were also investigated. The capital investment cost, transportation/operational costs for each alternative method and the different locations for installation were compared. When the data collected were evaluated, it was found that separate handling and disposal of health-care waste generated on the European and the Asian sides of the city was the most economic and practicable solution. As a result, it was concluded that the capacity of the Kemerburgaz-Odayeri incineration plant is enough to incinerate the health-care waste generated on the European side of Istanbul, the construction of a new incineration plant or a stationary sterilization unit for the disposal of health-care waste generated on the Asian side was the most effective alternative.
authors.affiliation: Boğaziçi University, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hisar Campus, 34342 Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey. aylin.zeren@boun.edu.tr
authors.forename: B Aylin Zeren
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Alagöz
authors.forename: Günay
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kocasoy
mesh_terms: D003906:Developing Countries; D017745:Incineration; D008506:Medical Waste; D017744:Medical Waste Disposal / Q000379:methods*; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D008506:Medical Waste; D017744:Medical Waste Disposal