title: Primary progressive aphasia: relationship between gender and severity of language impairment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Factors influencing the course and severity of symptoms in primary progressive aphasia (PPA), a language-based dementia, have not been fully elucidated. The current study examined the influence of gender on performance on tests of naming and verbal fluency in patients with PPA. Comparisons were also made within a group of probable Alzheimer disease (AD) patients to determine whether gender differences were present in the most common form of neurodegenerative dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Performance was compared by gender within each diagnostic group on 3 language measures: the Boston Naming Test, category fluency (animals), and lexical fluency (FAS). Scores were compared at baseline (Visit 1) and in a subset of participants 6 to 15 months later (Visit 2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to men, women with PPA demonstrated significantly greater impairment on word fluency tests at both visits and also had a more aggressive rate of decline between visits. AD patients showed no differences by gender on any measure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest gender-based vulnerability in PPA where women express more severe language impairments than men given a similar duration of illness.
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. e-rogalski@northwestern.edu
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rogalski
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rademaker
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weintraub
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018888:Aphasia, Primary Progressive / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007807:Language Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors