title: Cognitive impairment and MRI correlates in the elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  exact mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunction in diabetes mellitus (DM) remain unclear. Imaging studies of the brain could help to identify possible structural brain lesions underlying cognitive dysfunction.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  to describe a detailed neuropsychological profile in patients functioning independently with type 2 DM. Secondly, correlations were studied between cognitive impairment and brain lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), i.e. periventricular hyperintensities (PVH), deep white matter lesions (DWML), medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA), cerebral atrophy and lacunar infarcts. In addition, the influence of relevant disease variables of DM was studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  92 patients with type 2 DM (mean age 73.2 +/- 5.7 years, mean duration 13.8 +/- 10.8 years) and 44 control subjects (mean age 72.9 +/- 5.3 years) were included and underwent an extensive neuropsychological test battery and an MRI of the brain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  neuropsychological scores were worse for each cognitive domain except for memory functions after adjustment for hypertension in a group of elderly patients with type 2 DM compared to healthy control subjects. Only PVH were independently associated with motor speed, whereas all other MRI measures were not independently associated with cognitive impairment. Interactions between the different MRI measures were not present. Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) and duration of DM were significantly associated with cognitive dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  the data of this cross-sectional study show that type 2 DM is associated with diminished cognitive function in different cognitive domains, while memory is less affected after adjustment for hypertension. The association of cognitive impairment with MRI measures is equivocal, whereas HbA(1c) and duration of DM were significantly associated with cognitive dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, St Lucas Andreas Hospital, Jan Tooropstraat 164, 1061 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands. bvanharten@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Barbera
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van Harten
authors.forename: Joukje
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oosterman
authors.forename: Dino
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Muslimovic
authors.forename: Bert-Jan Potter
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: van Loon
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scheltens
authors.forename: Henry C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Weinstein
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001284:Atrophy; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin