title: Effects of T-tubules on dielectric spectra of skeletal muscle simulated by boundary element method with two-dimensional models.
abstract: In order to investigate the origin of large intensity the alpha-relaxation in skeletal muscles observed in dielectric measurements with extracellular electrode methods, effects of the interfacial polarization in the T-tubules on dielectric spectra were evaluated with the boundary-element method using two-dimensional models in which the structure of the T-tubules were represented explicitly. Each model consisted of a circular inclusion surrounded by a thin shell corresponding to the sarcolemma. The T-tubules were represented by simplified two types of invagination of the shell: straight invagination along the radial directions, and branched one. Each of the models was subjected to two kinds of calculations relevant to experiments with the extracellular and the intracellular electrode methods. Electrical interactions between the cells were omitted in the calculations. Both calculations showed that the dielectric spectra of the models contained two relaxation terms. The low-frequency relaxation term assigned to the alpha-relaxation depended on the structure of the T-tubules. Values of the relaxation frequency of the alpha-relaxation obtained from the two types of calculations agreed with each other. At the low-frequency limit, the permittivity obtained from the extracellular-electrode-type calculations varied in proportion to the capacitance obtained from the intracellular-electrode-type ones. These results were consistent with conventional lumped and distributed circuit models for the T-tubules. This confirms that the interfacial polarization in the T-tubules in a single muscle cell is not sufficient to explain the experimental results in which the intensity of the alpha-relaxation in the extracellular-electrode-type experiments exceeded the intensity expected from the results of the intracellular-electrode-type experiments. The high-frequency relaxation term that was assigned to the beta-relaxation was also affected by the T-tubule structure in the calculations relevant to the extracellular-electrode-type experiments.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Japan. sekine@kenroku.kanazawa-u.ac.jp <sekine@kenroku.kanazawa-u.ac.jp>
authors.forename: Katsuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sekine
authors.forename: Chiharu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hibino
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asami
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003198:Computer Simulation; D017097:Electric Impedance; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D008954:Models, Biological; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D010992:Plethysmography, Impedance / Q000379:methods*; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000502:physiology*