title: Unofficial policy: access to housing, housing information and social services among homeless drug users in Hartford, Connecticut.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Much research has shown that the homeless have higher rates of substance abuse problems than housed populations and that substance abuse increases individuals' vulnerability to homelessness. However, the effects of housing policies on drug users' access to housing have been understudied to date. This paper will look at the "unofficial" housing policies that affect drug users' access to housing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative interviews were conducted with 65 active users of heroin and cocaine at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Participants were purposively sampled to reflect a variety of housing statuses including homeless on the streets, in shelters, "doubled-up" with family or friends, or permanently housed in subsidized, unsubsidized or supportive housing. Key informant interviews and two focus group interviews were conducted with 15 housing caseworkers. Data were analyzed to explore the processes by which drug users receive information about different housing subsidies and welfare benefits, and their experiences in applying for these.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A number of unofficial policy mechanisms limit drug users' access to housing, information and services, including limited outreach to non-shelter using homeless regarding housing programs, service provider priorities, and service provider discretion in processing applications and providing services.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unofficial policy, i.e. the mechanisms used by caseworkers to ration scarce housing resources, is as important as official housing policies in limiting drug users' access to housing. Drug users' descriptions of their experiences working with caseworkers to obtain permanent, affordable housing, provide insights as to how access to supportive and subsidized housing can be improved for this population.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Community Research, 2 Hartford Square West, Suite 100, Hartford, CT 06106, USA. julia.dickson@icrweb.org
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dickson-Gomez
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Convey
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hilario
authors.forename: A Michelle
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Corbett
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weeks
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003153:Community Health Services; D003237:Connecticut; D055030:Drug Users; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006703:Ill-Housed Persons / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D033181:Information Dissemination; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011640:Public Policy; D012944:Social Support; D012947:Social Work