title: High levels of organochlorines in mothers' milk from Chennai (Madras) city, India.
abstract: Mothers' milk from Chennai (formerly Madras), India and three other places Perungudi, the municipal dumping site of south Chennai area (situated at the suburb of Chennai), Chidambaram, a predominantly agricultural town situated 250 km south of Chennai and Parangipettai, a fishing village 15 km north of Chidambaram, all situated at or near the southeastern Bay of Bengal coast of India were found to contain measurable concentrations of HCHs, DDTs, PCBs, CHLs and HCB. A notable finding in this study is that Chennai mothers have higher levels of HCHs in their milk and hence may transfer considerably higher amounts of the chemical than the mothers from all the other three places of the present study indicating a higher health risk to Chennai's children. It was also found that the levels of the two organochlorine pesticides (HCHs and DDTs) increased in Chennai mothers' milk in the last decade. Food items collected from Chennai markets did not show any remarkably higher levels of any of the chemicals measured in this study. Levels of the two classical organochlorines (DDTs and HCHs) have declined in many of the food items when compared with our data collected two decades before in the same locations, showing the effectiveness of the recent ban on both these chemicals in the country. The sources, possible health risks and the ways to curtail the effects of HCHs, especially at Chennai, should be investigated further.
authors.affiliation: Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Annamalai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Subramanian
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohtake
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kunisue
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanabe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003634:DDT / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005843:Geography; D006581:Hexachlorobenzene / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D007194:India; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D009035:Mothers; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D006581:Hexachlorobenzene; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane; D003634:DDT; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls