title: British and Canadian views on the ethics of paediatric clinical trials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ethical problems are quoted as a reason not to perform clinical trials in children. Little is known about the views of researchers regarding ethics.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  A pilot study was conducted to assess the applicability of a questionnaire design containing trial scenarios to examine views regarding the use of children in drug trials and to elicit possible international differences.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paediatricians and researchers in the United Kingdom and Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  Responders were presented with a questionnaire containing direct questions and six trial scenarios, each containing an ethical dilemma. Responders were asked regarding their own approval and their perceived opinion of whether an ethical review board (ERB) would approve.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred questionnaires (50 each country) were received. Few responders had research ethics training (14% United Kingdom and 8% Canada). Most (80 and 88%) felt children could be harmed by participation in trials and half (47 and 59%) felt children should only participate if they receive direct benefit. Many (58 and 61%) disagreed with payments beyond travel expenses. In the trial scenarios, 34% of responders were willing to enter healthy children in a pharmacokinetics study of an antibiotic for cystic fibrosis and 22% considered their ERBs would approve. Only a third (33%) would enter children in an analgesia trial that was placebo-controlled.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using healthy children and placebos in trials caused concern. Similar views were found between the two countries. The majority had no training in research ethics. The study highlights the usefulness of a questionnaire with clinical trial scenarios to try to elicit views on the ethics of conducting research in children.
authors.affiliation: Academic Division of Child Health, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Derbyshire Children's Hospital, Uttoxeter Road, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK. helen.sammons@nottingham.ac.uk
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Sammons
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Malhotra
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Choonara
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Sitar
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rieder
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002170:Canada; D002648:Child; D018849:Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000941:ethics*; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D028744:Ethics Committees, Research; D032984:Ethics, Research; D006805:Human Experimentation / Q000941:ethics*; D006801:Humans; D010372:Pediatrics; D010820:Physicians; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010919:Placebos; D012108:Research Personnel; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos