title: Imatinib combined with mitoxantrone/etoposide and cytarabine is an effective induction therapy for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in myeloid blast crisis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite advances in drug therapy and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT), the prognosis of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in blast crisis remains poor. Imatinib has demonstrated synergistic effects in vitro with mitoxantrone, etoposide, and cytarabine.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Phase I/II trial was performed in patients with CML myeloid blast crisis. Patients were treated with imatinib + mitoxantrone/etoposide in four cohorts: mitoxantrone 10 mg/m(2)/day and etoposide 100 mg/m(2)/day for 2 or 3 consecutive days and imatinib 600 mg/day from Day 15 (cohorts 1 and 2) or from Day 1 (cohorts 3 and 4). After hematologic reconstitution after the cytopenic phase, cytarabine was given at a dose of 10 mg/m(2)/day in addition to imatinib as maintenance treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 16 patients were available for analysis, median age 59 years (range, 37-74). All patients who received more intensive induction treatment (cohorts 3 and 4, n = 7) achieved a hematologic response (HR). In contrast, HR was achieved in only 6 of 9 patients treated in cohorts 1 and 2. The induction treatment was well tolerated. Six patients who achieved HR received an allo-SCT with myeloablative conditioning. The median survival in the transplant group was 16.2 months vs 4.7 months in the group with conventional treatment only (P = .067).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of mitoxantrone/etoposide and imatinib is well tolerated, with mild nonhematologic toxicity even in older patients. Eligible patients benefit from allo-SCT after response to the induction treatment.
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. prof.stefan.fruehauf@pk-mx.de
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fruehauf
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Topaly
authors.forename: Eike C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Buss
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Oliver G
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Ottmann
authors.forename: Bertold
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Emmerich
authors.forename: Martin C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schuld
authors.forename: Leopold
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Balleisen
authors.forename: Rüdiger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hehlmann
authors.forename: Anthony D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hochhaus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001549:Benzamides; D001752:Blast Crisis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008942:Mitoxantrone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D010879:Piperazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D010879:Piperazines; D011743:Pyrimidines; D003561:Cytarabine; D005047:Etoposide; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D008942:Mitoxantrone