title: Left ventricular volume and function in cynomolgus monkeys using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of evaluating cardiac function by real time three-dimensional (RT3D) echocardiography in isoflurane-anesthetized male cynomolgus monkeys. Additionally differences between inhibitory effects of beta-blockers and a Ca channel blocker on left ventricular (LV) function were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  End-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV) and ejection fraction (EF) in the control (without any drug effect) were not significantly changed by repetitive measurement at a 30-day interval. Propranolol and metoprolol (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg/10 minutes, i.v.) caused a dose-dependent increase in ESV, but little effect on EDV, resulting in a decrease in EF. Verapamil (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg/10 minutes, i.v.) increased both EDV and ESV, but decreased EF was noted at 0.3 mg/kg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate the feasibility of RT3D echocardiography in providing reproducible estimations of LV volume and EF in monkeys when evaluating drugs that may affect cardiac function.
authors.affiliation: Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories (SNBL) Ltd, Miyanoura, Kagoshima, Japan. tsusaki-hideshi@snbl.co.jp
authors.forename: Hideshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsusaki
authors.forename: Haruno
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yonamine
authors.forename: Asako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tamai
authors.forename: Mutsuko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimomoto
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuwano
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwao
authors.forename: Ryoichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Go
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kito
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects; D008252:Macaca fascicularis / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008790:Metoprolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D016276:Ventricular Function; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D011433:Propranolol; D014700:Verapamil; D008790:Metoprolol