title: Carotid artery compliance in users of plant stanol ester margarine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of stanol ester margarine use in healthy subjects on arterial compliance, endothelial function and intima-media thickness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study comparing regular stanol ester margarine users to non-users.
  
  
  METHODS
  Occupational health service clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 50 cases and 50 controls (mean age 51+/-8, range 26-65 years). All subjects were non-smokers and the study groups were matched for age and sex. As cases, we invited subjects who had been using regularly (daily) plant stanol ester margarine for a period of 2 years or longer. Non-invasive ultrasound was used to measure carotid artery compliance, carotid intima-media thickness and brachial artery flow-mediated endothelial dependent vasodilatation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The carotid artery compliance was non-significantly higher in cases compared with controls, 1.84+/-1.02 vs 1.58+/-0.76 %/10 mm Hg (P=0.13). The difference in compliance became statistically significant (P=0.04) when the unbalance between the groups in family history of coronary artery disease and years of education were taken into account. There was also a significant dose-response relationship between stanol margarine use and carotid compliance, longer use being associated with higher compliance. Serum lipoproteins, blood pressure, flow-mediated dilation and intima-media thickness values did not differ between cases and controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data raise the possibility that regular stanol ester margarine use may be associated with beneficial changes in arterial compliance. Intervention studies are needed to test this hypothesis and to reveal possible mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. olli.raitakari@utu.fi
authors.forename: O T
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: Raitakari
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Salo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahotupa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008383:Margarine / Q000032:analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D012855:Sitosterols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000473:pathology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D012855:Sitosterols; C407042:plant stanol ester; D008383:Margarine