title: Positioning of the wrist for scaphoid radiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this cadaver study was to determine the ideal position of the wrist for scaphoid radiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four cadaver wrists were rotated around their longitudinal axis in 15 degrees increments and exposures were taken. Seven postero-anterior images were taken as well. Thus, 18 images of each wrist were available for assessment. Views were determined in which the main anatomic regions of the scaphoid were visualized undistorted. The size and localization of the overlap of other carpal bones were also evaluated. Finally, views with the best visualization of anatomic landmarks were selected. The results of these three investigations were compared to literature data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We consider the following four images the most valuable in the diagnostic imaging of scaphoid bone: (1) Postero-anterior view in ulnar deviation of wrist and fist position of the hand; (2) oblique view in 60 degrees of pronation; (3) oblique view in 60 degrees of supination; (4) lateral view.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We concluded that our four views are sufficient for proper radiographic evaluation of the scaphoid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Traumatology and Hand Surgery, Medical School of Pecs University, PF.: 99, Akac utca 1, H-7601 Pecs, Hungary. tothf2@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ferenc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Toth
authors.forename: Andor
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sebestyen
authors.forename: Lehel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Balint
authors.forename: Sandor
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mester
authors.forename: Gyorgy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Szabo
authors.forename: Jozsef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nyarady
authors.forename: Csaba
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weninger
authors.forename: Miklos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Angyal
authors.forename: Gyorgy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lovasz
mesh_terms: D001175:Arthrography / Q000379:methods*; D002102:Cadaver; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011187:Posture; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D021361:Scaphoid Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014953:Wrist / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*