title: Premature ovarian failure: a review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present an updated review on the etiology, consequences and management of premature ovarian failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  A search of the English language literature using the Cochrane Library database and Medline 1966-2006, with a hand search of the references.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Premature ovarian failure is defined as the occurrence of amenorrhea, hypergonadotropinemia and estrogen deficiency in women under the age of 40 years, with the prevalence being 0.9-1.2%. In the majority of cases, the etiology is unknown, but known causes include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, genetic disorders, particularly involving the X chromosome, associations with autoimmune diseases, infections, smoking and other toxins. The three critical issues of management in these women are the effect of the diagnosis on the psychological health of the patient, the consequent infertility and the long- and short-term effects of estrogen deficiency arising from ovarian decline. Promising methods of screening for premature ovarian failure are being developed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, and The University of Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Nippita
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Baber
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D004967:Estrogens / Q000172:deficiency; D005260:Female; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000209:etiology; D016649:Primary Ovarian Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004967:Estrogens