title: Are pain intensity and pain related fear related to functional capacity evaluation performances of patients with chronic low back pain?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pain related fear and pain intensity have been identified as factors negatively influencing Functional Capacity Evaluation (FCE) performances in patients with CLBP. Conflicting results have been reported in the literature. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationships between pain intensity and pain-related fear on the one hand, and performances during an FCE on the other hand in two samples of patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two cross sectional observation studies were performed with two samples of patients with CLBP (study 1: n = 79; study 2: n = 58). Pain related fears were operationally defined as the score on the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia in study 1, and the Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) in study 2. Pain intensity was measured with a Numeric Rating Scale in both studies. Avoidance behavior observed during FCE was in both studies operationally defined as the unwillingness to engage in high intensity performance levels of three different functional activities: high intensity lifting, prolonged standing in a forward bend position, and fast repetitive bending at the waist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 25 correlations between pain and pain related fear, and performance variables were calculated, out of which 7 were significant (p < 0.05). The strength of these significant correlations ranged from r = -0.23 to r = -0.50. Multivariate linear regression analyses revealed non-significant relationships in most instances. Pain and pain related fear contributed little if any to these models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relation between pain and pain related fear and FCE performance is weak or non-existent in patients with CLBP.
authors.affiliation: Center for Rehabilitation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, P.O. Box 30.002, 9750, RA, Haren, The Netherlands. m.reneman@cvr.umcg.nl
authors.forename: Michiel F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Reneman
authors.forename: Henrica R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Schiphorts Preuper
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kleen
authors.forename: Jan H B
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Geertzen
authors.forename: Pieter U
authors.initials: PU
authors.lastname: Dijkstra
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D010054:Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement