Myogenic gene expression signature establishes that brown and white adipocytes originate from distinct cell lineages.
Attainment of a brown adipocyte cell phenotype in white adipocytes, with their abundant mitochondria and increased energy expenditure potential, is a legitimate strategy for combating obesity. The unique transcriptional regulators of the primary brown adipocyte phenotype are unknown, limiting our ability to promote brown adipogenesis over white. In the present work, we used microarray analysis strategies to study primary preadipocytes, and we made the striking discovery that brown preadipocytes demonstrate a myogenic transcriptional signature, whereas both brown and white primary preadipocytes demonstrate signatures distinct from those found in immortalized adipogenic models. We found a plausible SIRT1-related transcriptional signature during brown adipocyte differentiation that may contribute to silencing the myogenic signature. In contrast to brown preadipocytes or skeletal muscle cells, white preadipocytes express Tcf21, a transcription factor that has been shown to suppress myogenesis and nuclear receptor activity. In addition, we identified a number of developmental genes that are differentially expressed between brown and white preadipocytes and that have recently been implicated in human obesity. The interlinkage between the myocyte and the brown preadipocyte confirms the distinct origin for brown versus white adipose tissue and also represents a plausible explanation as to why brown adipocytes ultimately specialize in lipid catabolism rather than storage, much like oxidative skeletal muscle tissue.
Timmons
James A
JA
Wenner-Gren Institute, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. J.Timmons@hw.ac.uk
Wennmalm
Kristian
K
Larsson
Ola
O
Walden
Tomas B
TB
Lassmann
Timo
T
Petrovic
Natasa
N
Hamilton
D Lee
DL
Gimeno
Ruth E
RE
Wahlestedt
Claes
C
Baar
Keith
K
Nedergaard
Jan
J
Cannon
Barbara
B
D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019070:Cell Lineage; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D020868:Gene Silencing; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D056564:Sirtuin 1; D037761:Sirtuins / Q000378:metabolism
D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D008055:Lipids; D010100:Oxygen; D056564:Sirtuin 1; D037761:Sirtuins; C112923:Tcf21 protein, mouse; C470545:Sirt1 protein, mouse