title: Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B is not a major susceptibility gene for type 2 diabetes mellitus or obesity among Pima Indians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B gene (PTPN1) have been reported to be associated with type 2 diabetes in white subjects, and insulin sensitivity and fasting glucose levels in Hispanic Americans. In this study, we determined whether SNPs in PTPN1 also have a role in type 2 diabetes susceptibility in Pima Indians, a population with the world's highest reported prevalence and incidence rates of this disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one SNPs across a 161-kb region encompassing PTPN1 were genotyped in 1,037 Pima Indians for association studies with type 2 diabetes and obesity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-five of the SNPs had allele frequencies >0.05, and these SNPs fell into two linkage disequilibrium blocks (D' > 0.9). Block 1 contains six SNPs that span a 61-kb region upstream of PTPN1, while block 2 contains 19 SNPs that cover the entire PTPN1 gene. None of the SNPs, analysed individually or as haplotypes, was associated with either type 2 diabetes or obesity. However, three SNPs located in block 1 were nominally associated (p values ranging from 0.01 to 0.05) with insulin sensitivity as measured by the hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp technique.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on our association results, we conclude that SNPs within PTPN1 are unlikely to have a major role in the aetiology of type 2 diabetes or obesity in Pima Indians.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Molecular Genetics Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Traurig
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kobes
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bogardus
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Baier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001130:Arizona / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics*; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases