title: Aldosterone antagonists: the most underutilized class of heart failure medications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aldosterone antagonists have been proven to be beneficial in severe heart failure (HF) as a result of systolic dysfunction. We sought to determine if there is a disparity in their utilization compared with ACE inhibitors and beta-adrenoceptor antagonists (beta-blockers).
  
  
  METHODS
  In the first part of the study, we asked physicians to answer a questionnaire presenting a hypothetical HF patient. In the second part, we reviewed hospital charts of patients with HF exacerbation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Spironolactone was used less frequently than other drugs. At home, 75.0% of patients were receiving ACE inhibitors, 66.7% received beta-blockers, and 38.2% received spironolactone (p < 0.001). During the admission, 93.1% of patients received ACE inhibitors and 58.3% received spironolactone (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite good evidence, underutilization of aldosterone antagonists in patients matching the population of the RALES (Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study) trial persists in both outpatient and inpatient settings. The difference between the usage of ACE inhibitors and spironolactone is significant in patients with systolic dysfunction equally qualifying for both medications.
authors.affiliation: Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA. mguglin@gmail.com
authors.forename: Maya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guglin
authors.forename: Khaled Esmaeel
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Awad
authors.forename: Latha
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Polavaram
authors.forename: Hema
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vankayala
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000077545:Eplerenone; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010351:Patient Discharge / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013148:Spironolactone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; D013148:Spironolactone; D000077545:Eplerenone