title: Phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylcholine-containing liposomes inhibit amyloid beta and interferon-gamma-induced microglial activation.
abstract: There is increasing evidence that microglial activation is one of the major pathogenic factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the inhibition of the inflammatory activation of the microglia thus appears to be neuroprotective and a potentially useful treatment for AD. Phospholipids such as phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) have been reported to modulate the immune function of phagocytes. In addition, PS has been reported to be a nootropics that can be used as nonprescription memory or cognitive enhancers. We therefore evaluated the effects of liposomes, which comprise both PS and PC (PS/PC liposomes), on the microglial production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), nitric oxide (NO), and superoxide (*O(2)-) induced by amyloid beta (Abeta) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Pretreatment of microglia with PS/PC liposomes considerably inhibited the TNF-alpha, NO and *O(2)- production induced by Abeta/IFN-gamma. These results suggest that PS/PC liposomes have both neuroprotective and antioxidative properties through the inhibition of microglial activation, thus supporting the nootropic and antidementia effect of PS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. hashioka@interchange.ubc.ca
authors.forename: Sadayuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hashioka
authors.forename: Youn-Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Monji
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Utsumi
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: Shigenobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanba
mesh_terms: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D017931:DNA Primers; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008081:Liposomes; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000378:metabolism*; D010718:Phosphatidylserines / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D017931:DNA Primers; D008081:Liposomes; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D010718:Phosphatidylserines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma