title: FR-167653, a selective p38 MAPK inhibitor, exerts salutary effect on liver cirrhosis through downregulation of Runx2.
abstract: Liver cirrhosis remains a difficult-to-treat disease with a substantial morbidity and mortality rate. There is an emerging body of data purporting a pivotal role of the activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the process of cirrhosis. Several anticirrhotic agents have been developed over the past few years, and most of them exert their effects by indirectly inhibiting the p38 pathway. Effect of a selective p38 inhibitor is yet to be reported. In this study, we evaluated the salutary effect of FR-167653 (FR), a selective p38 inhibitor, in a carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced rat cirrhotic model. Twenty rats were assigned into four groups: Sham, olive oil only; Control, CCl(4) in olive oil; FR50, FR 50 mg/kg/day and CCl(4); and FR100, FR 100 mg/kg/day and CCl(4). FR dose-dependently inhibited activation of p38 and had an ameliorating effect on cirrhosis formation. Significant dose-dependent reduction in alpha-smooth muscle actin immunostaining and hydroxyproline content of the liver was noticed in the FR-treated rats. Also densitometric analysis showed a significant reduction in azan-stained area in the FR-treated rats. These fibrotic changes were observed in the myofibroblasts including the hepatic stellate cells and portal fibroblasts. mRNA expression of runt-related protein 2 (Runx2), a profibrogenic transcription factor, was significantly low in FR-treated livers, indicating that Runx2 might be a key downstream regulator of the p38 pathway. A similar reduction in expression of Smad4 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 was noticed in the FR-treated rats. In conclusion, FR treatment exerted a significant beneficial effect in a CCl(4)-induced rat cirrhotic model. The ameliorating effect of FR could be partially attributable to an inhibition of the Smad4/p38/Runx2 axis in the cirrhotic liver.
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan. shinji-h@med.shimane-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: Dipok K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Dhar
authors.forename: Nobumasa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Yasuhito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tonomoto
authors.forename: Toshinao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Onoda
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamanoi
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tachibana
authors.forename: Mikako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.forename: Naofumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagasue
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride / Q000633:toxicity; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000502:physiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008106:Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C104334:FR 167653; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011725:Pyridines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C493717:Runx2 protein, rat; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases