title: Infusions of rocuronium and cisatracurium exert different effects on rat diaphragm function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aminosteroidal and benzylisoquinoline neuromuscular blocking agents are used in the intensive care unit to facilitate mechanical ventilation. The use of these agents has been associated with development of critical illness myopathy; however, the relative frequency of myopathy development among agents is not known. The aim of our study was to compare the effects of 24 h infusion of rocuronium or cisatracurium on the diaphragm in mechanically ventilated rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, controlled experiment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Basic animal science laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats, 14 weeks old.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were divided into four groups to receive either saline, rocuronium (low dose) or cisatracurium (low or high dose).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 24 h, in vitro diaphragm tetanic force was decreased after rocuronium (-33% vs. saline), while the force was more preserved after cisatracurium, even in the high-dose group. Cross-sectional areas of the different diaphragm and gastrocnemius fibers were unaltered. Diaphragmatic MURF-1 mRNA was increased after rocuronium (+44% vs. saline), while unchanged in both cisatracurium groups. Calpain activity was increased after rocuronium (+75% vs. saline) and unchanged in the cisatracurium groups. MURF-1 mRNA expression and calpain activity were negatively correlated with diaphragm force.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cisatracurium infusion during controlled mechanical ventilation exerted less detrimental effects on diaphragm function and proteolytic activity than infusion of rocuronium, even with the higher effective dose. These data suggest that increased calpain activity and increased activation of the ubiquitin proteasome system play a role in the different effects of these agents.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Muscle Research Unit, Laboratory of Pneumology and Respiratory Division, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, O&N 1, bus 706, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Dries
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Testelmans
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Muscle Research Unit, Laboratory of Pneumology and Respiratory Division, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, O&N 1, bus 706, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maes
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, UZ Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wouters
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Scott K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Muscle Research Unit, Laboratory of Pneumology and Respiratory Division, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, O&N 1, bus 706, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Decramer
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Muscle Research Unit, Laboratory of Pneumology and Respiratory Division, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, O&N 1, bus 706, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. ghislaine.gayan-ramirez@med.kuleuven.be.
authors.forename: Ghislaine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gayan-Ramirez
mesh_terms: D000732:Androstanols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001279:Atracurium / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002154:Calpain / Q000378:metabolism; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D000077123:Rocuronium
chemical_list: D000732:Androstanols; D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; D001279:Atracurium; D002154:Calpain; C101584:cisatracurium; D000077123:Rocuronium