title: Phylogeny and ancient DNA of Sus provides insights into neolithic expansion in Island Southeast Asia and Oceania.
abstract: Human settlement of Oceania marked the culmination of a global colonization process that began when humans first left Africa at least 90,000 years ago. The precise origins and dispersal routes of the Austronesian peoples and the associated Lapita culture remain contentious, and numerous disparate models of dispersal (based primarily on linguistic, genetic, and archeological data) have been proposed. Here, through the use of mtDNA from 781 modern and ancient Sus specimens, we provide evidence for an early human-mediated translocation of the Sulawesi warty pig (Sus celebensis) to Flores and Timor and two later separate human-mediated dispersals of domestic pig (Sus scrofa) through Island Southeast Asia into Oceania. Of the later dispersal routes, one is unequivocally associated with the Neolithic (Lapita) and later Polynesian migrations and links modern and archeological Javan, Sumatran, Wallacean, and Oceanic pigs with mainland Southeast Asian S. scrofa. Archeological and genetic evidence shows these pigs were certainly introduced to islands east of the Wallace Line, including New Guinea, and that so-called "wild" pigs within this region are most likely feral descendants of domestic pigs introduced by early agriculturalists. The other later pig dispersal links mainland East Asian pigs to western Micronesia, Taiwan, and the Philippines. These results provide important data with which to test current models for human dispersal in the region.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University Biomedical Center, Box 597, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden. greger.larson@imbim.uu.se
authors.forename: Greger
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cucchi
authors.forename: Masakatsu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Matisoo-Smith
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Robins
authors.forename: Atholl
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rolett
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spriggs
authors.forename: Gaynor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dolman
authors.forename: Tae-Hun
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Nguyen Thi Dieu
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Thuy
authors.forename: Ettore
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Randi
authors.forename: Moira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Doherty
authors.forename: Rokus Awe
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Due
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bollt
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Djubiantono
authors.forename: Bion
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Intoh
authors.forename: Emile
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Keane
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kirch
authors.forename: Kuang-Ti
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morwood
authors.forename: Lolita M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Pedriña
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Piper
authors.forename: Ryan J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Rabett
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shooter
authors.forename: Gert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Van den Bergh
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wickler
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dobney
mesh_terms: D025041:Animal Migration; D000818:Animals; D001210:Asia, Southeastern; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D005843:Geography; D006239:Haplotypes; D049690:History, Ancient; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D044349:Oceania; D010802:Phylogeny; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D013552:Swine / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial