title: The redox imbalanced mutants of Arabidopsis differentiate signaling pathways for redox regulation of chloroplast antioxidant enzymes.
abstract: A network of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants protects chloroplasts from photooxidative damage. With all enzymatic components being nuclear encoded, the control of the antioxidant capacity depends on chloroplast-to-nucleus redox signaling. Using an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) reporter gene line expressing luciferase under control of the redox-sensitive 2-cysteine peroxiredoxin A (2CPA) promoter, six mutants with low 2CPA promoter activity were isolated, of which five mutants show limitations in redox-box regulation of the 2CPA promoter. In addition to 2CPA, the transcript levels for other chloroplast antioxidant enzymes were decreased, although a higher oxidation status of the ascorbate pool, a higher reduction state of the plastoquinone pool, and an increased oxidation status of the 2-Cys peroxiredoxin pool demonstrated photooxidative stress conditions. Greening of the mutants, chloroplast ultrastructure, steady-state photosynthesis, and the responses to the stress hormone abscisic acid were wild type like. In the rosette state, the mutants were more sensitive to low CO2 and to hydrogen peroxide. Comparison of gene expression patterns and stress sensitivity characterizes the mutants as redox imbalanced in the regulation of nuclear-encoded chloroplast antioxidant enzymes and differentiates redox signaling cascades.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants , Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Heiber
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ströher
authors.forename: Bodo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Raatz
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Busse
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kahmann
authors.forename: Mike W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Bevan
authors.forename: Karl-Josef
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Dietz
authors.forename: Margarete
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baier
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000201:enzymology*; D017931:DNA Primers; D004579:Electron Transport; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009154:Mutation; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010788:Photosynthesis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017931:DNA Primers; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000040:Abscisic Acid; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide