title: Modifiable risk and protective factors for depressive symptoms in low-income African American mothers.
abstract: Low-income African American mothers of young children experience high rates of depression, but many of the risk factors that have been identified provide little direction for intervention. The authors examined modifiable risk and protective factors for probable depression (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale >or= 23) in 824 African American mothers living in the 39 poorest census tracts in Detroit. Household food insufficiency and deteriorated housing significantly increased the odds of likely depression, whereas availability of a loan in a crisis, help with childcare, and transportation were protective. However, more frequent experiences of everyday discrimination greatly increased the odds of elevated depressive symptoms. These findings support the need for interventions that operate across individual and societal levels to address the fundamental causes of poor mental health.
authors.affiliation: Research Center on Poverty, Risk, and Mental Health, School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. ksiefert@umich.edu
authors.forename: Kristine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Siefert
authors.forename: Tracy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Finlayson
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Delva
authors.forename: Amid I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Ismail
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002391:Catchment Area, Health; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007087:Illinois / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011287:Prejudice; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012931:Social Environment; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors