title: Adaptation of HIV-1 depends on the host-cell environment.
abstract: Many viruses have the ability to rapidly develop resistance against antiviral drugs and escape from the host immune system. To which extent the host environment affects this adaptive potential of viruses is largely unknown. Here we show that for HIV-1, the host-cell environment is key to the adaptive potential of the virus. We performed a large-scale selection experiment with two HIV-1 strains in two different T-cell lines (MT4 and C8166). Over 110 days of culture, both virus strains adapted rapidly to the MT4 T-cell line. In contrast, when cultured on the C8166 T-cell line, the same strains did not show any increase in fitness. By sequence analyses and infections with viruses expressing either yellow or cyan fluorescent protein, we were able to show that the absence of adaptation was linked to a lower recombination rate in the C8166 T-cell line. Our findings suggest that if we can manipulate the host-cellular factors that mediate viral evolution, we may be able to significantly retard viral adaptability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Retrovirology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Tim.van_Opijnen@tufts.edu
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: van Opijnen
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Ronde
authors.forename: Maarten C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Boerlijst
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Berkhout
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002460:Cell Line; D018450:Disease Progression; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000503:physiopathology; D016325:HIV Long Terminal Repeat / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D006801:Humans; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000821:virology; D013997:Time Factors; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000502:physiology