title: The polycomb group protein Suz12 is required for embryonic stem cell differentiation.
abstract: Polycomb group (PcG) proteins form multiprotein complexes, called Polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs). PRC2 contains the PcG proteins EZH2, SUZ12, and EED and represses transcription through methylation of lysine (K) 27 of histone H3 (H3). Suz12 is essential for PRC2 activity and its inactivation results in early lethality of mouse embryos. Here, we demonstrate that Suz12(-/-) mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells can be established and expanded in tissue culture. The Suz12(-/-) ES cells are characterized by global loss of H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) and higher expression levels of differentiation-specific genes. Moreover, Suz12(-/-) ES cells are impaired in proper differentiation, resulting in a lack of repression of ES cell markers as well as activation of differentiation-specific genes. Finally, we demonstrate that the PcGs are actively recruited to several genes during ES cell differentiation, which despite an increase in H3K27me3 levels is not always sufficient to prevent transcriptional activation. In summary, we demonstrate that Suz12 is required for the establishment of specific expression programs required for ES cell differentiation. Furthermore, we provide evidence that PcGs have different mechanisms to regulate transcription during cellular differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Epigenetics and BRIC, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pasini
authors.forename: Adrian P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Bracken
authors.forename: Jacob B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Capillo
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Helin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism; D008745:Methylation; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D063151:Polycomb Repressive Complex 2; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006657:Histones; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; C475540:Nanog protein, mouse; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; C494174:Pou5f1 protein, mouse; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C494163:Suz12 protein, mouse; D063151:Polycomb Repressive Complex 2; D008239:Lysine