title: Prognostic significance of akinesis becoming dyskinesis during dobutamine stress echocardiography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Akinesis becoming dyskinesis (AKBD) at high-dose dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) has been disregarded as a marker of myocardial ischemia. However, its prognostic significance is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to assess the long-term outcome of patients with AKBD during DSE.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 731 patients (age 62 +/- 15 years, 628 men) with two or more akinetic left ventricular segments at rest underwent DSE and were followed up for a mean period of 5 +/- 2.7 years. The end points considered during follow-up were hard cardiac events (cardiac death and nonfatal myocardial infarction) and heart failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dyskinesis in two or more segments at peak stress developed in 60 patients (8%). Resting wall-motion score index was 2.6 +/- 0.56 in patients with AKBD versus 2.3 +/- 0.55 in patients without AKBD (P = .0002). Ischemia occurred in 197 patients (27%). During follow-up, 254 patients (35%) developed hard cardiac events and 204 patients (28%) developed heart failure. In all, 226 patients (31%) died of various causes (cardiac death in 172 patients). The annualized hard cardiac event rate was 11% in patients with AKBD and 6% in patients without (P = .03). The incidence of heart failure was significantly higher in patients with AKBD than without (47% vs 26%, P < .001). Independent predictors of hard cardiac events were age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.03 [confidence interval {CI} = 1.01-1.04]), previous myocardial infarction (HR 1.4 [CI = 1.1-1.9]), diabetes mellitus (HR 1.8 [CI = 1.3-2.5]), resting wall-motion score index (HR 1.11 [CI = 1.01-1.04]), and AKBD (HR 1.6 [CI = 1.1-2.4]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AKBD at peak DSE is associated with increased risk of cardiac events in patients with akinetic segments at baseline echocardiogram.
authors.affiliation: Thoraxcentre, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Fabiola B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Sozzi
authors.forename: Abdou
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elhendy
authors.forename: Vittoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rizzello
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Biagini
authors.forename: Ron T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: van Domburg
authors.forename: Eleni C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Vourvouri
authors.forename: Arend F L
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Schinkel
authors.forename: Gian Battista
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Danzi
authors.forename: Jeroen J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bax
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Poldermans
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality*; D004280:Dobutamine; D025401:Echocardiography, Stress / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality*
chemical_list: D004280:Dobutamine