title: Day length affects the dynamics of leaf expansion and cellular development in Arabidopsis thaliana partially through floral transition timing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Plant aerial development is well known to be affected by day length in terms of the timing and developmental stage of floral transition. Arabidopsis thaliana is a 'long day' plant in which the time to flower is delayed by short days and leaf number is increased. The aim of the work presented here was to determine the effects of different day lengths on individual leaf area expansion. The effect of flower emergence per se on the regulation of leaf expansion was also tested in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Care was taken to ensure that day length was the only source of micro-meteorological variation. The dynamics of individual leaf expansion were analysed in Ler and Col-0 plants grown under five day lengths in five independent experiments. Responses at cellular level were analysed in Ler plants grown under various day lengths and treatments to alter the onset of flowering.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When the same leaf position was compared, the final leaf area and both the relative and absolute rates of leaf expansion were decreased by short days, whereas the duration of leaf expansion was increased. Epidermal cell number and cell area were also altered by day-length treatments and some of these responses could be mimicked by manipulating the date of flowering.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both the dynamics and cellular bases of leaf development are altered by differences in day length even when visible phenotypes are absent. To some extent, cell area and its response to day length are controlled by whole plant control mechanisms associated with the onset of flowering.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes Sous Stress Environnementaux, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes UMR 759, Montpellier Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: Sarah Jane
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Cookson
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chenu
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Granier
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D035264:Flowers / Q000254:growth & development; D017440:Photoperiod; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development