title: Short-term effects of a non-dieting lifestyle intervention program on weight management, fitness, metabolic risk, and psychological well-being in obese premenopausal females with the metabolic syndrome.
abstract: Lifestyle modification has been widely acknowledged as the primary treatment for the metabolic syndrome (MetS). We examined the short-term effects of a non-dieting lifestyle intervention program, within the theoretical psychological framework of self-determination theory (SDT), on metabolic fitness and psychological well-being among premenopausal, clinically obese women. A secondary analysis of a randomized, controlled, 3 month, intensive, community-based lifestyle intervention study was performed on 31 pre-menopausal obese women with the MetS (56.4% of original study sample). These participants had been randomly allocated to a non-dieting lifestyle intervention group (n = 17) or waiting list control (n = 14). Among participants who completed repeat anthropometric and cardiorespiratory fitness measurements after 3 months intervention, the lifestyle intervention group showed a significant improvement in VO2 (mL.kg(-1).min(-1)) compared with control (test for interaction, p = 0.003). No significant difference was found for body mass. Metabolic improvements were evident for diastolic blood pressure and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in both groups. The lifestyle intervention group also showed significantly improved general psychological well-being compared with the control group (test for interaction, p = 0.0005). All of the psychological well-being subscales showed significant favourable changes in the intervention group as compared with controls. This short-term, non-dieting lifestyle intervention, consistent with the "Health at Every Size" (HAES) obesity treatment paradigm, significantly improved cardiorespiratory fitness and psychological well-being. Metabolic risk tended to improve after 3 months intervention with no significant difference in the resolution of the MetS between intervention and control participants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, The University of Hull, Cottingham Road, HU6 7RX Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, UK. s.carroll@hull.ac.uk
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Borkoles
authors.forename: Remco
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Polman
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000523:psychology*; D017697:Premenopause / Q000523:psychology*; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D013997:Time Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol