title: Late results of catheter-directed recombinant tissue plasminogen activator fibrinolytic therapy of iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of catheter-directed low-dose recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator infusion in the treatment of iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis and prevention of post-thrombotic syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen patients (out of 260 evaluated) with acute iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis and no previous evidence of venous insufficiency were prospectively selected for thrombolytic therapy. Catheter-directed low-dose recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (1 mg/h) was infused into the thrombotic segments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Effective fibrinolysis was achieved in 14 of 18 cases, with correlation between effective fibrinolysis and major/complete resolution of acute signs and symptoms (P <.01). There were no episodes of major complications. Four patients presented with early rethrombosis (1 to 8 weeks). Individuals were followed for a period up to 131 weeks (average, 85.2). The incidence of clinical signs and symptoms of venous insufficiency and duplex-scan findings of valvular reflux was significantly lower in the patients in which lytic therapy succeeded and patency was kept, compared with patients experiencing acute therapeutic failure or rethrombosis (P <.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-dose recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator fibrinolytic therapy is safe and effective in the treatment of acute iliofemoral venous thrombosis. The late evolution as revealed clinically and by ultrasound was superior in patients for whom lytic therapy was effective.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical School, São Paulo University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. ivancasel@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Ivan Benaduce
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Casella
authors.forename: Calógero
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Presti
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aun
authors.forename: Joseph Elias
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Benabou
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Puech-Leão
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D005268:Femoral Vein; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007084:Iliac Vein; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011186:Postphlebitic Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control; D012008:Recurrence; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex; D014654:Vascular Patency; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D005340:Fibrinogen; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator