title: Poor nutritional habits: a modifiable predecessor of chronic illness? A North Carolina Family Medicine Research Network (NC-FM-RN) study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine associations between personal nutritional patterns and various indicators of health, disease risk, and chronic illness in a diverse, representative sample of adult patients from primary care settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  As part of a survey of adult patients conducted in the waiting rooms of 4 primary care practices in North Carolina (recruitment rate 74.8%), a 7-item nutrition screen was administered to 1788 study participants. Other questionnaire items addressed disease and functional status, race/ethnicity, health habits, and demographic factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Respondents included 292 African Americans (17.3%), 1004 non-Hispanic whites (59.4%), 255 Hispanics (15.1%), and 126 American Indians (7.4%); mean age 47.5 years. Thirty percent reported eating 3 or more fast food meals weekly, 29% drank 3 or more high-sugar beverages weekly, 22% ate 3 or more high-fat snacks weekly, 36% ate 3 or more desserts weekly, 11% reported eating "a lot" of margarine, butter, or meat fat; 62% ate 2 or fewer fruits or vegetables daily; and 42% reported consuming protein less than 3 times a week. Scores on a summary measure were worse for pre-diabetics than for diabetics, for young adults compared with older persons, and for persons reporting good/excellent health versus fair/poor health.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  People at high risk for developing chronic illnesses later in life reported poorer diets in comparison with people who are already ill. This probably represents increased nutritional awareness and motivation among people with chronic diseases. Because primary care patients have a high prevalence of chronic disease risk factors, the primary care office setting may constitute a particularly appropriate location for nutrition education.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
authors.forename: Nicole D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Gaskins
authors.forename: Philip D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Sloane
authors.forename: C Madeline
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ammerman
authors.forename: Scott B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Ickes
authors.forename: Christianna S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D035843:Biomedical Research; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005194:Family Practice / Q000379:methods*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009657:North Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires