title: The costs of non-insurance in Maryland.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study calculates expenditures and costs related to a lack of health insurance coverage in the State of Maryland.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study is based on detailed primary and secondary data collection on the following sources of payment and care related to non-insurance: (1) uncompensated hospital care; (2) other public subsidies; (3) ambulatory services; (4) philanthropic spending; and (5) uninsured individuals' costs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expenditures by and for the uninsured in Maryland total $1.47 billion dollars. On a per-capita basis, this is equivalent to $2,371 per full-year uninsured person in the state. Twenty-seven percent of this total, or $633 per uninsured person, is paid directly by the uninsured themselves in out-of-pocket medical expenditures. The state and local governments spent $497 per uninsured person (21% of the total), and the federal government spent an additional $401 (17%). Private payers (including insurance, physicians, and philanthropy) accounted for $460 (19%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sources and flows of spending on the uninsured are complex, and these expenditure levels should not be interpreted as savings that would directly result from an expansion of insurance coverage. Our results are consistent with earlier studies completed at the national level, and add considerable detail.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. hwaters@jhsph.edu
authors.forename: Hugh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Waters
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Steinhardt
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Milner
mesh_terms: D017281:Cost of Illness; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005102:Health Expenditures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008396:Maryland; D017057:Medically Uninsured; D017664:Uncompensated Care / Q000191:economics*