title: [Defense mechanisms of the surface epithelium of the human esophageal mucosa].
abstract: This review, which is based on the literature data and the results of personal research, contains an analysis of the current concepts on the tissue, cellular and molecular mechanisms, protecting human esophageal epithelium (EE) from gastric juice, bile, hot and rough food, microorganisms, alcohol, carcinogens, drugs and oxidizing agents. The response of EE to concrete environmental factors includes both specific and non-specific components, which depend on the nature of injurious agent. EE is damaged structurally and functionally only when it is exposed to the injurious factors of high intensity and/or long duration, which result in the exhaustion of resources of defense mechanisms. The insufficiency of EE defense mechanisms may be based on various genetic defects.
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Bykov
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Iseeva
mesh_terms: D001471:Barrett Esophagus / Q000473:pathology; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D004947:Esophagus / Q000166:cytology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000633:toxicity; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000166:cytology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D000431:Ethanol