title: Congenital anomalies of the esophagus.
abstract: Normal anatomy, embryology, and congenital anomalies of the esophagus are discussed in this article. The classification, epidemiology, embryology, diagnosis, and management, including outcome following repair of esophageal atresia with or without an associated tracheoesophageal fistula, are described. The diagnosis and management of less common anomalies, such as congenital esophageal stenosis and congenital esophageal duplication, are outlined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Temple University School of Medicine, 3420 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Achildi
authors.forename: Harsh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Grewal
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures; D004933:Esophageal Atresia / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000196:embryology / Q000266:history / Q000601:surgery; D004940:Esophageal Stenosis / Q000151:congenital; D004947:Esophagus / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D013906:Thoracoscopy; D013908:Thoracotomy; D014138:Tracheoesophageal Fistula / Q000266:history