title: Dysregulation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 (PKG-1) impairs erectile function in diabetic rats: influence of in vivo gene therapy of PKG1alpha.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the expression of cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 (PKG1)alpha and PKG1beta in the corpus cavernosum, and to evaluate the effect of adenoviral gene transfer of PKG1alpha to the erectile compartment on erectile function in a rat model of diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diabetic (DM; induced by streptozotocin) male Sprague Dawley rats were transfected with adenoviruses (AdCMVbetagal or AdCMVPKG1alpha, in 10 rats each) 2 months after the induction of DM. Intracavernosal pressure (ICP) during stimulation of the cavernosal nerve (CN) was assessed, and compared with mean arterial pressure (MAP). Erectile tissue was harvested for Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry and total PKG activity. Ten age-matched rats without DM served as the control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to controls, AdCMVbetagal-transfected DM rats had significantly lower peak ICP responses, ICP/MAP ratios, and filling rates during CN stimulation. In DM rats transfected with AdCMVPKG1alpha, peak ICP, ICP/MAP ratios and filling rates were significantly better than in DM rats transfected with the reporter gene. As assessed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry, expression of PKG1alpha and PKG1beta was lower in corporal tissue from DM AdCMVbetagal-transfected rats than in controls. PKG1alpha expression was improved after AdCMVPKG1alpha gene therapy. Total PKG activity was lower in DM rat corporal tissue than in controls, and PKG1alpha gene transfer significantly improved DM corporal PKG activity to a value greater than in the control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PKG1alpha and PKG1beta activities are reduced in the erectile tissue of the diabetic rat, and gene transfer of PKG1alpha to the penis restored PKG activity and erectile function in vivo in diabetic rats. Gene therapy procedures targeting PKG1alpha might be an interesting future therapeutic approach to overcome diabetic erectile dysfunction resistant to oral pharmacotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. tbivala1@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Trinity J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Bivalacqua
authors.forename: Muammer
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kendirci
authors.forename: Hunter C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Champion
authors.forename: Wayne J G
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Hellstrom
authors.forename: Karl-Erik
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Petter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hedlund
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases