title: Synergistic vascular protective effects of combined low doses of PPARalpha and PPARgamma activators in angiotensin II-induced hypertension in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Protective cardiovascular effects of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)alpha and PPARgamma activators have been demonstrated. If used as vasoprotective agents in high risk vascular patients rather than for their metabolic benefits, these agents could be associated with unwanted side effects. As a proof of concept to support the use of combined low doses of PPARalpha and PPARgamma as vascular protective agents in high risk vascular patients, we tested the hypothesis that combined low doses of PPARalpha (fenofibrate) and PPARgamma (rosiglitazone) activators would provide vascular protective benefits similar to full individual doses of these PPAR agonists.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats infused with Ang II (120 ng kg(-1) min(-1)) were treated with rosiglitazone (1 or 2 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) alone or concomitantly with fenofibrate (30 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) for 7 days. Thereafter, vessels was assessed on a pressurized myograph, while NAD(P)H oxidase activity was determined by lucigenin chemiluminescence. Inflammation was evaluated using ELISA for NFkappaB and Western blotting for adhesion molecules.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ang II-induced blood pressure increase, impaired acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation, altered vascular structure, and enhanced vascular NAD(P)H oxidase activity and inflammation were significantly reduced by low dose rosiglitazone+fenofibrate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined low doses of PPARalpha and PPARgamma activators attenuated development of hypertension, corrected vascular structural abnormalities, improved endothelial function, oxidative stress, and vascular inflammation. These agents used in low-dose combination have synergistic vascular protective effects. The clinical effects of combined low-dose PPARalpha and PPARgamma activators as vascular protective therapy, potentially with reduced side-effects and drug interactions, should be assessed.
authors.affiliation: Vascular and Hypertension Research Unit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Ciuceis
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Amiri
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iglarz
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Cohn
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Touyz
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Schiffrin
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000097:blood; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D047493:PPAR alpha; D047495:PPAR gamma; D000804:Angiotensin II; D019255:NADPH Oxidases