title: Giant cell tumor of the uterus: case report and response to chemotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Giant cell tumor (GCT) is usually a benign but locally aggressive primary bone neoplasm in which monocytic macrophage/osteoclast precursor cells and multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells infiltrate the tumor. The etiology of GCT is unknown, however the tumor cells of GCT have been reported to produce chemoattractants that can attract osteoclasts and osteoclast precursors. Rarely, GCT can originate at extraosseous sites. More rarely, GCT may exhibit a much more aggressive phenotype. The role of chemotherapy in metastatic GCT is not well defined.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a case of an aggressive GCT of the uterus with rapidly growing lung metastases, and its response to chemotherapy with pegylated-liposomal doxorubicin, ifosfamide, and bevacizumab, along with a review of the literature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aggressive metastasizing GCT may arise in the uterus, and may respond to combination chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, and the Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. skubi001@umn.edu
authors.forename: Keith M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Skubitz
authors.forename: J Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Manivel
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005870:Giant Cell Tumors / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D004317:Doxorubicin; D007069:Ifosfamide