title: Identification of IGF2 signaling through phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 as a growth-promoting axis in glioblastoma.
abstract: Amplification or overexpression of growth factor receptors is a frequent occurrence in malignant gliomas. Using both expression profiling and in situ hybridization, we identified insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) as a marker for a subset of glioblastomas (GBMs) that lack amplification or overexpression of EGF receptor. Among 165 primary high-grade astrocytomas, 13% of grade IV tumors and 2% of grade III tumors expressed IGF2 mRNA levels >50-fold the sample population median. IGF2-overexpressing tumors frequently displayed PTEN loss, were highly proliferative, exhibited strong staining for phospho-Akt, and belonged to a subclass of GBMs characterized by poor survival. Using a serum-free culture system, we discovered that IGF2 can substitute for EGF to support the growth of GBM-derived neurospheres. The growth-promoting effects of IGF2 were mediated by the insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 and phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 (PIK3R3), a regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase that shows genomic gains in some highly proliferative GBM cases. PIK3R3 knockdown inhibited IGF2-induced growth of GBM-derived neurospheres. The current results provide evidence that the IGF2-PIK3R3 signaling axis is involved in promoting the growth of a subclass of highly aggressive human GBMs that lack EGF receptor amplification. Our data underscore the importance of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway for growth of high-grade gliomas and suggest that multiple molecular alterations that activate this signaling cascade may promote tumorigenesis. Further, these findings highlight the parallels between growth factors or receptors that are overexpressed in GBMs and those that support in vitro growth of tumor-derived stem-like cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tumor Biology and Angiogenesis, Molecular Biology, Biostatistics, and Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
authors.forename: Liliana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Soroceanu
authors.forename: Samir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kharbanda
authors.forename: Ruihuan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Soriano
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aldape
authors.forename: Anjan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Misra
authors.forename: Jiping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zha
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Forrest
authors.forename: Janice M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Nigro
authors.forename: Zora
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Modrusan
authors.forename: Burt G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Feuerstein
authors.forename: Heidi S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D017451:Receptors, Somatomedin / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C035170:IGF2 protein, human; D011506:Proteins; D017451:Receptors, Somatomedin; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases