title: Effects of moisture damage and renovation on microbial conditions and pupils' health in two schools--a longitudinal analysis of five years.
abstract: Airborne microbes and pupils' symptoms were monitored in a moisture-damaged (index) school and a reference school for five consecutive years. These surveys were carried out in two separate years before the renovation of the index school, during the renovation, and one and two years after the renovation. Microbial concentrations were higher in the index school than those in the reference school before and during renovation, but afterwards, the levels decreased to the level of the reference school. The effect of remediation was seen as an altered mycobiota in the index school. Year-to-year variation of microbial concentrations, probably due to climatic factors, caused a peak in both schools but their difference remained. Several symptoms were more prevalent in the moisture-damaged school than in the reference school, but the differences disappeared during the renovations. These results emphasize the importance of using a reference building in assessing the microbial conditions of a moisture damaged building. Furthermore, microbial concentrations reflected well the technical condition of the construction, but the reported symptoms of the occupants did not strictly follow the timely fluctuation in microbial conditions.
authors.affiliation: National Public Health Institute, Department of Environmental Health, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland. ulla.lignell@ktl.fi
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lignell
authors.forename: Teija
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meklin
authors.forename: Tuula
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Putus
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rintala
authors.forename: Asko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vepsäläinen
authors.forename: Pentti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kalliokoski
authors.forename: Aino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nevalainen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D003252:Construction Materials; D003625:Data Collection; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005160:Facility Design and Construction; D005387:Finland; D005658:Fungi / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D012574:Schools; D013334:Students; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water