title: [Frontal sinus fractures: five years of treatment experience].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Frontal sinus fractures are commonly encountered in major trauma centers. They are almost exclusively seen in young adults and are usually caused by high velocity impacts. The intimate association of the frontal sinuses with structures such as frontal lobes and the eyes makes the appropriate management of this injury essential.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review patients that suffered from frontal sinus fractures and underwent surgery, and to evaluate the efficacy and complications of this treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective study. The study population included all the patients that suffered from frontal sinus fracture and underwent a surgical intervention between the years 1998-2002. The data that was collected included demographic parameters, cause of injury, timing and kind of surgery, postoperative complications and patient satisfaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 47 patients were operated on due to frontal sinus fractures during the years 1998-2002. Only 38 had adequate follow-up. Seventy percent of the patients suffered from bitable fractures. The other 30% had only anterior wall fractures. A total of 47% of the patients had additional facial fractures and 39% had intracranial injuries. Most of the patients were operated on during the first 24 hours (50%). The incidence of major postoperative complications was 2.5% (1 patient had meningitis). Minor complications occurred in 15% of the patients (mainly decreased forehead sensation).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Frontal sinus fractures are commonly seen in major trauma centers. High index of suspicion, careful physical examination and imaging assistance are essential for accurate diagnosis. Lack of appropriate treatment can lead to serious intracranial complications. The surgical intervention achieves good cosmetic and functional outcomes in a majority of the patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel. gordina@bezeqint.net
authors.forename: Arie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gordin
authors.forename: Dimitry
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ostrovsky
authors.forename: Aviram
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Netzer
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Danino
authors.forename: Avishay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Golz
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005626:Frontal Sinus; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome