title: Kallikrein 7 enhances pancreatic cancer cell invasion by shedding E-cadherin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pancreatic cancer (PaC) is characterized by local invasion and early metastasis. Serine proteases have been associated with invasion and metastasis of many cancers due to their ability to degrade extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and to activate other proteases; thus, the serine proteases expressed in PaC were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  An expression profile of serine proteases was generated from both normal and malignant pancreatic tissues using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based screen and differential expression of kallikrein 7 was examined by reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical analyses. The ability of human kallikrein 7 (hK7) to cleave the epithelial cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin was tested in vitro using both recombinant E-cadherin and BxPC-3 cells and the effects of hK7 proteolytic activity on pancreatic cell invasion and aggregation were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression profiling revealed that kallikrein 7 (KLK7) was overexpressed in pancreatic adenocarcinomas and its differential expression was confirmed by RT-PCR analysis. hK7 was observed in neoplastic cells of all tumors examined with moderate-to-intense staining in 70% of tumors examined (16/23). In contrast, only 15% of nonmalignant tissue specimens (2/13) displayed moderate hK7 staining, whereas the remaining specimens yielded weak, if any, immunoreactivity. Using in vitro assays, hK7 was shown to cleave E-cadherin and the soluble E-cadherin fragment produced significantly enhanced Panc-1 cell invasion through ECM proteins with a corresponding reduction in Panc-1 cell aggregation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that aberrant expression of KLK7 plays an important role in PaC and provides novel insight into the effects of elevated hK7 proteinase activity in this, and perhaps other, adenocarcinomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-7199, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Vishnu C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Ramani
authors.forename: Leah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hennings
authors.forename: Randy S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Haun
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007610:Kallikreins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; C082472:KLK7 protein, human; D007610:Kallikreins