title: [Helicobacter pylori infection and eradication are not related to glycosylated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c) in young patients with type 1 diabetes].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is a chronic stomach infection common throughout the world. The pediatric diabetes literature on the relation between Hp and HbA1c is sparse and controversial. This study aimed to investigate this relation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 100 youth with type 1 diabetes and seropositive for Hp (European Caucasians: n=49; Moghrabin Caucasians: n=51). Mean socioeconomic status was lower among the latter. Hp infection was demonstrated by the (13)C-urea breath test and a gastric biopsy for antibiotic susceptibility testing. HbA1c levels were measured for a year (mean: 6 measurements; upper normal limit: 6.2%) before and after Hp eradication, which was proved by the (13)C-urea breath test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 100 Hp-seropositive patients, 49 had active Hp infections and were treated. Mean age+/-SD was 14.2+/-2.8 years, and duration of diabetes at Hp diagnosis was 6.2 +/-2.3 years. Hp infection was eradicated in 38/49 subjects (78%). Eleven (22%) remained infected and required a second treatment. The two subgroups did not differ for age, duration of diabetes or pretreatment HbA1c levels (7.3+/-1.5% versus 7.8+/-0.8%; p=0.16). Mean HbA1c levels in the 49 infected subjects did not differ significantly in the year before and after eradication (7.4+/-1.3% versus 7.9+/-1.1%; p=0.08). Prevalence of infection was higher among youth of North African than European ancestry (47% versus 22%; p<0.001). Their HbA1c levels, however, did not differ (7.3+/-1.5% versus 7.7+/-0.9%; p=0.31), nor did age or duration of diabetes. Among the 100 Hp-seropositive patients, vague abdominal pain was reported by 45 of them; only 24 had active Hp infections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Before treatment, patients seropositive for Hp did not differ in HbA1c levels or abdominal complaints according to whether they had active Hp infection. Hp infection was twice as frequent in Moghrabin Caucasians than in European Caucasians, perhaps associated with their lower socioeconomic status. HbA1c levels were similar in patients with and without Hp eradication after one treatment. After a one-year follow-up, Hp eradication had no significant effect on HbA1c levels.
authors.affiliation: Clinique de diabétologie, Hôpital universitaire des enfants reine Fabiola, Bruxelles, Belgique.
authors.forename: Toufiq
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dorchy
authors.forename: Michèle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scaillon
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Melot
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001944:Breath Tests; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015995:Prevalence; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000658:Amoxicillin; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D017291:Clarithromycin; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008795:Metronidazole; D009853:Omeprazole