title: Current disparities in the prices of medical materials between Japan and the United States: further investigation of cardiovascular medical devices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prices of medical devices in Japan were previously reported to be 2 to 4 times higher than those in the United States in 1996 and 1997. However, such data are out of date. We previously compared the market prices in early 2005 between Japan and the US for 16 items in 10 categories of medical materials, and showed that price differences still existed for all these items. However, the number of items investigated was small for each category, and generalization of the results might have been limited. The present study conducted a further investigation into price information for multiple items for each category, focusing on 5 cardiovascular devices.
  
  
  METHODS
  The US market price information was obtained from interviews of a healthcare provider network and 2 different group-purchasing organizations. We could obtain price information on 19 items in 5 categories. We substituted the Japanese reimbursement prices for the Japanese market prices.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The price ratio (Japanese reimbursement price / US market price)was 2.0-3.5 for coronary stents, 5.9-6.8 for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty catheters, 2.2-3.5 for pacemakers, 1.6-2.5 for mechanical valves, and 3.4-4.7 for oxygenators.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The price disparities for cardiovascular devices between Japan and the US were reconfirmed. Japan's healthcare system should establish group-purchasing organizations, promote centers of clinical excellence, and abolish regulation of parallel imports and protectionism under the Japanese Pharmaceutical Affairs Law.
authors.affiliation: Department of Planning, Information, and Management, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo. yasunagah-jyo@h.u-tokyo.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yasunaga
authors.forename: Hiroo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ide
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imamura
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000295:instrumentation; D002404:Catheterization / Q000191:economics; D003132:Commerce / Q000639:trends; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004864:Equipment and Supplies / Q000191:economics*; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis / Q000191:economics; D007564:Japan; D010106:Oxygenators / Q000191:economics; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000191:economics; D015607:Stents / Q000191:economics; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States