Hepatobiliary MRI: current concepts and controversies.
Evaluation of the liver and biliary system is a frequent indication for abdominal MRI. Hepatobiliary MRI comprises a set of noninvasive techniques that are usually very effective in answering most clinical questions. There are significant limitations, however, as well as considerable variation and disagreement regarding the optimal protocols for standard hepatic MRI and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreaticography (MRCP). This review discusses pulse sequences most often used in hepatic MRI and MRCP, examines a few sources of controversy in the current literature, and summarizes some recent and future developments in the field.
Glockner
James F
JF
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. glockner.james@mayo.edu
D001660:Biliary Tract Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis; D049448:Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance; D003287:Contrast Media; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*
D003287:Contrast Media