title: Spatiotemporal quantification of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-10 after crush injury in rat sciatic nerve utilizing immunohistochemistry.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate quantitatively the longitudinal temporal, spatial changes of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) immunopositive cells during Wallerian degeneration and the following regeneration after crush injury in rat sciatic nerve using immunohistochemistry and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The number of TNF-immunopositive cells reached its peak and increased significantly in all the segments distal to the crush site 3 days after injury. On Day 7, TNF-immunopositive cells decreased in all the segments distal to the crush site, and a significant decrease was observed 14 days after injury. From Day 21 to Day 56, there were no significant differences in the numbers of TNF-immunopositive cells. The average size of TNF immunopositive cells became significantly larger with degeneration. The number of IL-10-immunopositive cells decreases significantly 1 day after crush injury. IL-10-immunopositive cells increased on Day 3, returning to control levels. Seven days after injury, a significant increase in the number of IL-10-immunopositive cells was observed. There was also no significant difference in the number of IL-10-immunopositive cells beyond Day 14 except for a part of distal segments. The number of IL-10-immunopositive cells showed no significant differences in all the segments on Day 56. The protein levels of IL-10 measured by ELISA were similar to the result of immunohistochemistry. These results suggest that the significant change in IL-10 occurred prior to the significant change in TNF and that IL-10 may be the key to the change in TNF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan. sawada24@hama-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tomokazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Omura
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Omura
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Funahashi
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nagano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002452:Cell Count; D048429:Cell Size; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012583:Schwann Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D020426:Sciatic Neuropathy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D014855:Wallerian Degeneration / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10