title: Liver dysfunction in patients with acute pulmonary embolism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although liver injury due to cardiac, chronic respiratory and circulatory failure has been reported, this has yet to be studied in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE). We investigated liver injury in patients with acute PE.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed 107 acute PE patients over a two-year period. Patients were categorized as having: (1) severe (P(a)O(2) < 45 mmHg), moderate (45 mmHg </= P(a)O(2)</= 60 mmHg) or mild hypoxemia (60 mmHg < P(a)O(2) < 80 mmHg) groups; (2) massive and non-massive PE; (3) absence or presence of pre-existing cardiopulmonary disease; and (4) absence or presence of right ventricle dysfunction. Serum levels of liver enzymes were compared between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transaminase levels were higher in severe hypoxemia patients compared mild hypoxemia patients (p=0.045 and p=0.036). Albumin and bilirubin levels were lower and higher, respectively, in patients with severe and moderate hypoxemia compared to mild hypoxemia patients (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01). There was a negative correlation between hepatic markers and P(a)O(2) and %S(a)O(2): r=-0.212, p=0.032 between AST and %S(a)O(2); r=-0.243, p=0.013 and r=-0.241, p=0.014 between ALT and P(a)O(2) and %S(a)O(2); and r=-0.224, p=0.024 and r= -0.283, p=0.004 between direct bilirubin and P(a)O(2) and %S(a)O(2). AST and ALT levels were higher in massive PE than non-massive PE patients (p=0.0001). Albumin levels were lower in patients with right ventricle dysfunction than in those without (p=0.02). One (0.9%) had a clinical picture of hypoxic hepatitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abnormal LFTs showed a mixed pattern in patients with acute PE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sahin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aslan
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meral
authors.forename: Metin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akgun
authors.forename: Hamit
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Acemoglu
authors.forename: Elif Yilmazel
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Ucar
authors.forename: Metin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gorguner
authors.forename: Arzu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mirici