title: A systems-biology analysis of feedback inhibition in the Sho1 osmotic-stress-response pathway.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A common property of signal transduction systems is that they rapidly lose their ability to respond to a given stimulus. For instance in yeast, the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase Hog1 is activated and inactivated within minutes, even when the osmotic-stress stimulus is sustained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here, we used a combination of experimental and computational analyses to investigate the dynamic behavior of Hog1 activation in vivo. Computational modeling suggested that a negative-feedback loop operates early in the pathway and leads to rapid attenuation of Hog1 signaling. Experimental analysis revealed that the membrane-bound osmosensor Sho1 is phosphorylated by Hog1 and that phosphorylation occurs on Ser-166. Moreover, Sho1 exists in a homo-oligomeric complex, and phosphorylation by Hog1 promotes a transition from the oligomeric to monomeric state. A phosphorylation-site mutation (Sho1(S166E)) diminishes the formation of Sho1-oligomers, dampens activation of the Hog1 kinase, and impairs growth in high-salt or sorbitol conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings reveal a novel phosphorylation-dependent feedback loop leading to diminished cellular responses to an osmotic-stress stimulus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Behar
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Parnell
authors.forename: Matthew P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Christoph H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Borchers
authors.forename: Timothy C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Elston
authors.forename: Henrik G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Dohlman
mesh_terms: D025461:Feedback, Physiological; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D010766:Phosphorylation; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D049490:Systems Biology
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; C459787:SHO1 protein, S cerevisiae; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; C088589:HOG1 protein, S cerevisiae; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases