title: [Preemptive analgesia in postoperative pain for children in otolaryngological department].
abstract: Although much more about the safe and effective management of pain in children is now known, this knowledge has not been widely or effectively translated into routine clinical practice. Pain in children is still a big problem even thought available many possibilities to cure it. Malpractice during postoperative period influence not only for recovery, but also causes long lasting consequences (emotional changes). The most common applied method for treatment postoperative pain in children is still pharmacotherapy. One of the most effective form of it is preemptive analgesia. Specifically, preemptive analgesia may be defined as an antinociceptive treatment that prevents establishment of altered central processing of afferent input from sites of injury. The most important conditions for establishment of effective preemptive analgesia are the establishment of an effective level of antinociception before injury, and the continuation of this effective analgesic level well into the post-injury period to prevent central sensitization during the inflammatory phase. Although single-agent therapy may attenuate the central nociceptive processing, multi-modal therapy is more effective, and may be associated with fewer side effects compared with the high-dose, single-agent therapy. Practical in the pediatric patients in laryngological ward seems to be one of the most effective method of pain therapy in postoperative period. Laryngological procedures in children cause a severe pain. The most common procedure in children in laryngological practice is adenotomy. There is a pressing need for further research and clinical development in the management of pain in children.
authors.affiliation: Zakład Badania i Leczenia Bólu Katedry Anestezjologii i Intensywnej Terapii Uniwersytetu Jagiellohsńiego, Collegium Medicum, Kraków. aprzemusz@wp.pl
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Przeklasa-Muszyńska
authors.forename: Klaudia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nosek-Kozdra
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muszyński
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kocot-Kepska
authors.forename: Henryk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Podziorny
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oleś
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dobrogowski
authors.forename: Jerzy a
authors.initials: Ja
authors.lastname: Wordliczek
authors.forename: Wiktor
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dardziński
mesh_terms: D000233:Adenoidectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000293:Adolescent; D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods*; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000187:drug effects*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication; D011292:Premedication
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal