title: Ovarian cancer screening.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current tests used in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer are the CA-125 blood test and transvaginal ultrasound.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This article discusses the available evidence and recommendations for ovarian cancer screening in both the general population, and in at risk women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  General population screening is not recommended, however there is a large, randomised controlled trial currently underway investigating this. There is no data to support the effectiveness of screening in high risk women (carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, or carriers of mismatch repair gene mutations in the hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer group) as most tumours detected by screening are at an advanced stage at diagnosis. Prophylactic surgery to remove the fallopian tubes and ovaries is recommended after the completion of childbearing to prevent 90% of ovarian cancers in these women. The remaining 10% of these tumours arise in the peritoneal cavity as primary peritoneal cancers and behave in a similar way to ovarian cancers, and, by definition, are advanced at diagnosis. The future holds hope of new screening tests becoming available.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. neeshamd@ramsayhealth.com.au
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Neesham
mesh_terms: D018394:CA-125 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D018394:CA-125 Antigen