Inequalities in mortality by marital status during socio-economic transition in Lithuania.
OBJECTIVE
To analyse the changes in mortality inequalities by marital status over the period of socio-economic transition in Lithuania and to estimate the contribution of major causes of death to marital-status differences in overall mortality.


METHODS
A survey based on routine mortality statistics and census data for 1989 and 2001 for the entire country.


RESULTS
The proportion of married population has declined over the past decade. Widowed men and never married women were found to be at highest risk of mortality throughout the period under investigation. Although inequalities have not grown considerably, mortality rates have increased significantly for divorced populations and for never married men, widening the mortality gap. Cardiovascular diseases contributed most to excess mortality of never married and divorced men, as well as all unmarried groups of women. The excess mortality of widowed men from external causes was greatest in 2001.


CONCLUSIONS
Marriage can be considered as a health protecting factor, particularly in relation to mortality from cardiovascular diseases and external causes. Local and national policies aimed at health promotion must focus primarily on improving the position of unmarried groups and providing psychological support.
Kalediene
R
R
Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Kaunas University of Medicine, A. Mickevicius St 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania. kaleda@kaunas.omnitel.net
Petrauskiene
J
J
Starkuviene
S
S
D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D019456:Health Transition; D006801:Humans; D008097:Lithuania / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D011203:Poverty; D012306:Risk; D012923:Social Class; D012935:Social Justice; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013997:Time Factors