title: Typhoid fever: narrowing therapeutic options in India.
abstract: Typhoid fever remains an important public health problem in India. One thousand four hundred fifty-eight blood cultures were screened, 178 grew out Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. On agar dilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing, 0.6% of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, 2% to cefotaxime and 1% to cefepime. Nalidixic acid resistance was observed in 51% isolates, of which 98.9% had decreased susceptibility (MIC > or = 0.125-4 microg/ml) to ciprofloxacin. One strain of nalidixic acid sensitive S. Typhi (NASST) also had a decreased MIC (0.125 microg/ml) to ciprofloxacin. Resistance to third and fourth generation cephalosporins is emerging in India and will gain significance in the coming decade. The molecular basis of resistance to cephalosporinsand ciprofloxacin resistance in NASST strains need to be further evaluated for S. Typhi.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Vardhman Mahaveer Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Malini R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Capoor
authors.forename: Deepthi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: Azra S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.forename: Pushpa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents