title: Association of amphetamine-induced striatal dopamine release and cortisol responses to psychological stress.
abstract: Preclinical studies have shown that stress and glucocorticoids increase mesolimbic dopamine (DA) and thereby facilitate psychostimulant self-administration. The relationship between stress-induced cortisol and mesolimbic DA responses to psychostimulants has not been studied in humans. To test the hypotheses that glucocorticoid responses to psychological stress are correlated with DA and subjective responses to psychostimulants in humans, 25 healthy adults (18-29 years) completed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and two positron emission tomography (PET) scans with high-specific [11C]raclopride. The first scan was preceded by intravenous saline and the second by amphetamine (AMPH). Findings showed that stress-induced cortisol levels were positively associated with AMPH-induced DA release in the ventral striatum and other striatal regions. Subjects with higher cortisol responses to stress also reported more positive subjective drug effects with AMPH than subjects with lower responses. The results are consistent with preclinical findings showing an interrelationship between glucocorticoids and mesolimbic DA dynamics, which may influence psychostimulant self-administration in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. gwand@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Gary S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Wand
authors.forename: Lynn M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Oswald
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: McCaul
authors.forename: Dean F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Hiroto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuwabara
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000661:Amphetamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods; D020891:Raclopride / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D020891:Raclopride; D000661:Amphetamine; D004298:Dopamine; D006854:Hydrocortisone