title: Structural sperm and aneuploidies studies in a case of spermatogenesis recovery after the use of androgenic anabolic steroids.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Azoospermia may sometimes be related to the use of androgenic anabolic steroids. We report the case of an azoospermic man who had abused androgenic anabolic steroids and who recovered spermatogenesis six months after cessation of abuse and the administration of hormonal therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  An azoospermic 34-year-old man came to Regional Referral Center for Male Infertility. The recovery of spermatogenesis was observed after the cessation of abuse of steroids and the administration of hormonal therapy. Ultrastructural analysis of sperm was carried out by transmission electron microscopy, and the meiotic segregation of chromosomes 1, 9, 18, X, Y was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mathematically elaborated transmission electron microscopy data highlighted seminal features close to normal fertility. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation showed a high frequency of XY disomy in sperm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings confirm the recovery of spermatogenesis but suggest a possible relationship between altered meiotic segregation and the abuse of androgenic anabolic steroids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, Biology Section, Siena University, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci 14, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moretti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Collodel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: La Marca
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Piomboni
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scapigliati
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baccetti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000728:Androgens / Q000009:adverse effects*; D053713:Azoospermia / Q000209:etiology*; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D045930:Anabolic Agents; D000728:Androgens; D006728:Hormones