title: [Stump retention and extension on the lower extremity].
abstract: Despite new techniques and better health programs in western industrialized nations, the numbers of amputations on the lower extremity remain constant. Approximately 100,000 amputations are performed annually in the U.S. and about 10,000 in Germany, more than 90% for gangrene resulting from ischemia and/or infection. Micro- and macroangiopathic changes in diabetes are the major cause of ischemia in the leg. The preservation of limb length and construction of an end bearing stump are important criteria for the functional outcome after amputation. Especially in trauma and tumor patients with "planned" amputations, all effort should be made to achieve an end bearing stump with sufficient length respectively an amputation level that is suitable for orthosis instead of prosthetic supplementation. After amputation, an interdisciplinary approach is mandatory to achieve sufficient soft tissue coverage or stump distalization. In case of insufficient bearing ability of the stump, various reconstructive possibilities must be considered to assure optimal outcome.
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinik für Plastische Chirurgie, Schwerbrandverletzte, Handchirurgiezentrum, BG-Kliniken Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum. heinz.homann@rub.de
authors.forename: H-H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Homann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lehnhardt
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Langer
authors.forename: H-U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Steinau
mesh_terms: D000672:Amputation Stumps / Q000601:surgery*; D001186:Artificial Limbs; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000601:surgery*; D005528:Foot / Q000637:transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000601:surgery*; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply*; D007869:Leg Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D007870:Leg Length Inequality / Q000517:prevention & control; D023821:Limb Salvage / Q000379:methods; D008866:Microsurgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D012086:Reoperation; D012092:Replantation / Q000379:methods; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000294:innervation