title: Genome-wide analysis of histone lysine methylation variations caused by diabetic conditions in human monocytes.
abstract: Aberrant histone lysine methylation patterns that change chromatin structure can promote dysregulated gene transcription and disease progression. Diabetic conditions such as high glucose (HG) are known to alter key pathologic pathways. However, their impact on cellular histone lysine methylation is unknown. We hypothesized that chronic HG can induce aberrant changes in histone H3 lysine 4 and lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K4me2 and H3K9me2) within target cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation linked to microarrays (ChIP-on-chip) is currently a widely used approach for acquiring genome-wide information on histone modifications. We adopted this approach to profile and compare the variations in H3K4me2 and H3K9me2 in human gene coding and CpG island regions in THP-1 monocytes cultured in normal glucose and HG. Subsequently, we identified key relevant candidate genes displaying differential changes in H3K4me2 and H3K9me2 in HG versus normal glucose and also validated them with follow-up conventional ChIPs. Relevance to human diabetes was demonstrated by noting that H3K9me2 at the coding and promoter regions of two candidate genes was significantly greater in blood monocytes of diabetic patients relative to normal controls similar to the THP-1 data. In addition, regular mRNA profiling with cDNA arrays revealed correlations between mRNA and H3K9me2 levels. These novel results show histone methylation variations, for the first time, under diabetic conditions at a genome-wide level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.forename: Xiwei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Lingxiao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yate-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Arthur D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Riggs
authors.forename: Rama
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Natarajan
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D018899:CpG Islands; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015894:Genome, Human; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism*; D008745:Methylation / Q000187:drug effects; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D006657:Histones; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013549:Sweetening Agents; D005947:Glucose; D008239:Lysine