title: Interleukin-18 promoter gene polymorphisms in Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: association with CC genotype at position -607.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a Th1 cytokine, which is postulated to play a role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL-18 promoter gene region were found to influence the quantitative expression of the IL-18 protein. The aim of this study was to determine whether IL-18 promoter gene polymorphisms are associated with SLE.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and thirteen Chinese SLE patients and 218 Chinese healthy individuals were recruited. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral venous blood. Sequence-specific primer PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis were used to genotype the DNA samples for SNP-137 and SNP- 607. The following genotypes were obtained: SNP(-607) AA, AC, CC and SNP(-137) GG, GC, CC. Plasma IL-18 concentrations of patients and control subjects were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  the frequency of SNP-607/CC genotype was significantly higher in SLE patients (Pc < 0.05) while genotype SNP-607/AC was significantly decreased in SLE patients compared to the control group (Pc <0.05). Plasma IL-18 concentrations were significantly higher in SLE patients than in control subjects (P <0.05). Both patients and control subjects with CC and AC genotypes have significantly higher IL-18 concentrations than those with AA genotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The IL-18 promoter gene polymorphism SNP-607 C allele is associated with SLE and may result in the enhanced production of IL-18 protein in SLE and normal individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. xuqian@nus.edu.sg
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Soe Kyaw
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Tin
authors.forename: Suppiah Paramalingam
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Sivalingam
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thumboo
authors.forename: Dow Rhoon
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Kok Yong
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Fong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000235:genetics*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: D020382:Interleukin-18