title: Influence of steroid hormones in women with mild catamenial epilepsy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In view of considerable differences of opinion regarding the reproductive steroid hormonal pathogenesis in catamenial epilepsy, hormonal analysis of estrogen and progesterone in catamenial epileptics for a precise correlation is of significant importance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical, neurological and physiological assessments, and radioimmunoassay of plasma estradiol-17beta and progesterone a day prior to the onset of menstruation were carried out in noncatamenial and mild catamenial epileptics having multiple frequency tonic-clonic (primary and secondary generalized) seizures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Highly significant rise (p > 0.0001) of estradiol-17beta was obtained for catamenial epileptics compared to normal subjects as well as noncatamenial epileptics (p > 0.02). However, nonsignificant fluctuations of progesterone were found for both catamenial and noncatamenial epileptics against normal subjects as well as catamenial versus noncatamenial epileptics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present report suggests that estradiol have a precise role in the mild premenstrual exacerbation of seizures. However, no significant change in progesterone levels might have been due to mild exacerbation of seizures in these patients. Furthermore, we suggest the importance of how we collect and categorize the data and which pathophysiologic process/ clinicobiological mechanism is involved in patients with catamenial epilepsy. Contradictory results in literature may be related to differential levels of excitation/inhibition equilibrium during various cycle phases. More precise studies including the determination of the blood levels of antiepileptic drugs, however, are required.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Walter C. Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2B7. z_a_hus@yahoo.ca
authors.forename: Zahir
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: Masood A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.forename: K Zaki
authors.initials: KZ
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aziz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004830:Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic / Q000097:blood*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol