title: Disseminated necrotizing leukoencephalopathy following low-dose oral methotrexate.
abstract: Leukoencephalopathy is a recognized complication with intrathecal or intravenous methotrexate (MTX). We report a 59-year-old lady who developed MTX leukoencephalopathy with long-term low-dose oral MTX. She developed posterior leukoencephalopathy (PLE) that initially was reversible on discontinuation of oral MTX. Four months later, she developed disseminated necrotizing leukoencephalopathy (DNL), and was left with devastating neurological deficits. The sequential conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), MR perfusion (MRP) and MR spectroscopic (MRS) changes are highlighted in this report. MRP and MRS showed more wide spread abnormalities than DWI. Stereotactic biopsy from the lesion revealed demyelination with macrophagic infiltration, pericapillary lymphomononuclear aggregation, fibrinoid changes in the capillaries and neovascularization. Of the two cases of PLE with oral MTX reported in literature, one reversed clinically and radiologically with the discontinuation of MTX. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of DNL following oral MTX in the world literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India. raghavneuro@yahoo.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raghavendra
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chemmanam
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Krishnamoorthy
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Radhakrishnan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuruvilla
mesh_terms: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005911:Gliosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013687:Telencephalon / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D003907:Dexamethasone; D008727:Methotrexate