title: Expression of IL-12 and T helper cell 1 cytokines in the fluid of paranasal sinus mucoceles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to assess the expression of regulatory cytokines and T helper cell (Th)1/Th2 cytokines in paranasal sinus mucoceles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fluid samples of 12 paranasal sinus mucoceles were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for concentrations of regulatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-10 and IL-12), Th1 cytokines (IL-2 and interferon gamma), and Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5).
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-12 was detected in all samples, whereas IL-10 was detected in only one case. The concentration of IL-12 tended to correlate with that of interferon gamma and was significantly and positively correlated with that of IL-2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Th1 cytokines and the Th1 regulatory cytokine IL-12, but not IL-10, potentially play a key role in the pathogenesis of paranasal sinus mucoceles. Together with our recent report showing that lipopolysaccharide is highly detected in mucocele fluid, the data from this study suggest that the Th1 response induced by lipopolysaccharide may affect the immunological inflammation in the epithelium of paranasal sinus mucoceles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan. skariya@cc.okayama-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kariya
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okano
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugata
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Kunihiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akagi
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishizaki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008875:Middle Aged; D009078:Mucocele / Q000378:metabolism*; D010254:Paranasal Sinus Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D018664:Interleukin-12