title: Fracture resistance of different zirconium dioxide three-unit all-ceramic fixed partial dentures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the fracture resistance of different zirconia three-unit posterior all-ceramic fixed partial dentures before and after fatigue loading.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight zirconia three-unit posterior all-ceramic fixed partial dentures were fabricated using different manufacturing systems and conventionally cemented on human teeth. The restorations were divided according to the system used for manufacturing the frameworks into 3 groups of 16 specimens each (DCS, Procera and Vita CerecInlab). Half of each group was artificially aged through dynamic loading and thermal cycling, whereas the other half was left with no artificial aging. Afterwards, all specimens were tested for fracture resistance using compressive load on the occlusal surface. Non-parametric ANOVA using the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon rank tests was performed to test for differences in fracture resistance values with a global significance level of 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All artificially aged specimens survived with no failures. The median fracture resistance values (before; after artificial aging) were: DCS (1683 N; 1618 N), Procera (1522 N; 1256 N), and Vita CerecInlab (1702 N; 1556 N). No significant differences were found for comparisons between different groups before artificial aging. Artificial aging did not significantly influence the fracture resistance of different groups. After artificial aging, group Procera showed significantly lower fracture resistance than the Vita CerecInlab (p=0.015) and DCS (p=0.038) groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All tested restorations have the potential to withstand occlusal forces applied in the posterior region and can therefore represent interesting alternatives for replacing porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations. Further assessment is needed before recommending such restorations in daily practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. wael.att@uniklinik-freiburg.de
authors.forename: Wael
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Att
authors.forename: Kassiani
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stamouli
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gerds
authors.forename: Jörg Rudolf
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Strub
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D003830:Denture, Partial, Fixed; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D016474:Weight-Bearing; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003764:Dental Materials; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys; C077451:Procera; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D015040:Zirconium; D014025:Titanium; C028541:zirconium oxide