title: A dendrimer-based nanosized contrast agent dual-labeled for magnetic resonance and optical fluorescence imaging to localize the sentinel lymph node in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To preoperatively and intraoperatively localize the sentinel lymph node (SLN), a single hybrid probe for MR and near infrared (NIR) optical imaging was synthesized and tested.
  
  
  METHODS
  A macromolecular MR/NIR optical contrast agent was synthesized based on a approximately 191 gadolinium-labeled contrast agent using generation-6 polyamidoamine dendrimer (G6), which is also labeled with 2 Cy5.5, an NIR fluorophore. After establishing the optimal dose, the agent was injected into mammary glands of 10 normal mice to examine the lymphatic drainage from the breast using a 3T clinical scanner. Immediately after the MRI scan, NIR optical imaging and image-guided surgery were performed to compare the two imaging modalities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To consistently identify the SLNs, we needed to inject 25 microL of 30 mM [Gd] G6-Cy5.5. All SLNs could be easily identified and resected under NIR optical imaging-guided surgery. Although external NIR optical imaging failed to identify SLNs close to the injection site due to shinethrough, MR lymphography (MRL) consistently identified all SLNs regardless of their location.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have successfully synthesized and tested a dual labeled MR/NIR optical hybrid contrast agent, G6-Cy5.5 for reoperative and intraoperative localization of SLNs.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1088, USA.
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.forename: Vladimir S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Talanov
authors.forename: Marcelino
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernardo
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hama
authors.forename: Celeste A S
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Regino
authors.forename: Martin W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Brechbiel
authors.forename: Peter L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Choyke
authors.forename: Hisataka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D003287:Contrast Media; D050091:Dendrimers / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008220:Lymphography / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal; D051379:Mice; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D050091:Dendrimers