title: Effect of on-site sanitation on groundwater contamination in basaltic environment--a case study from India.
abstract: On-site sanitation is increasingly adopted in urban cities in India. The adoption of on-site sanitation system puts the groundwater resources in the vicinity of the system at a greater risk. Microbial contaminants as well as chemical contaminants like Chloride and Nitrate are generated from human waste. These contaminants travel through the medium and ultimately get in contact with the groundwater. Hence, the groundwater sources are vulnerable to nitrate contamination near the on-site sanitation systems. The present study indicates significant Nitrate and Chloride contamination in samples collected close to on-site sanitation systems. The recommended limit set by the Bureau of Indian standards (BIS) limit of 45 mg/l for Nitrate concentration is also exceeded in few samples. The study indicates that Bacterial as well as Nitrate contamination is more in Monsoon as compared to Summer.
authors.affiliation: National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440020, India. pr_pujari@neeri.res.in
authors.forename: Paras R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Pujari
authors.forename: Madan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nanoti
authors.forename: Vaishali C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Nitnaware
authors.forename: Leena A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Khare
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Thacker
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Kelkar
mesh_terms: D002712:Chlorides / Q000032:analysis; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D055593:Geological Phenomena; D005844:Geology; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D009566:Nitrates; D014873:Water Pollutants