Nonreceptor tyrosine kinases in prostate cancer.
BACKGROUND
Carcinoma of the prostate (CaP) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men in the United States. Signal transduction molecules such as tyrosine kinases play important roles in CaP. Src, a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase (NRTK) and the first proto-oncogene discovered is shown to participate in processes such as cell proliferation and migration in CaP. Underscoring NRTK's and, specifically, Src's importance in cancer is the recent approval by the US Food and Drug Administration of dasatinib, the first commercial Src inhibitor for clinical use in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). In this review we will focus on NRTKs and their roles in the biology of CaP.


METHODS
Publicly available literature from PubMed regarding the topic of members of NRTKs in CaP was searched and reviewed.


RESULTS
Src, FAK, JaK1/2, and ETK are involved in processes indispensable to the biology of CaP: cell growth, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and apoptosis.


CONCLUSIONS
Src emerges as a common signaling and regulatory molecule in multiple biological processes in CaP. Src's relative importance in particular stages of CaP, however, required further definition. Continued investigation of NRTKs will increase our understanding of their biological function and potential role as new therapeutic targets.
Chang
Yu-Ming
YM
Department of Urology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
Kung
Hsing-Jien
HJ
Evans
Christopher P
CP
D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002455:Cell Division; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D015195:Drug Design; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000032:analysis / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D015398:Signal Transduction; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C000715470:MAS1 protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D019061:src-Family Kinases