title: Nuclear factor-kappaB: activation and regulation during toll-like receptor signaling.
abstract: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize distinct microbial components to initiate the innate and adaptive immune responses. TLR activation culminates in the expression of appropriate pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory factors to meet pathogenic challenges. The transcription factor NF-kappaB is the master regulator of all TLR-induced responses and its activation is the pivotal event in TLR-mediated activation of the innate immune response. Many of the key molecular events required for TLR-induced NF-kappaB activation have been elucidated. However, much remains to be learned about the ability of TLRs to generate pathogen-specific responses using a limited number of transcription factors. This review will focus on our current understanding of NF-kappaB activation by TLRs and potential mechanisms for achieving a signal-specific response through NF-kappaB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. rcarmody@mail.med.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Ruaidhrí J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Carmody
authors.forename: Youhai H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors