title: The effect on forearm and shoulder muscle activity in using different slanted computer mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Frequently using non-slanted computer mice will cause musculoskeletal discomfort and symptoms in forearms and shoulders. Ergonomic mice with different slanted angles may have various effects on forearm and shoulder muscle activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  All of the twelve subjects performed the same text-editing task with the five different slanted mice. The muscle activity of extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, pronator teres and upper trapezius muscles was recorded by surface electromyography and analyzed by a non-parametric method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As the slanted angles increased, the surface electromyography levels in terms of extensor carpi ulnaris, pronator teres and upper trapezius muscles decreased. However, increasing the slanted angles resulted in larger wrist extension and higher muscle activity in terms of the extensor digitorum muscle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Working with mice which have suitable slanted angles provides users more neutral hand positions, so forearm and shoulder muscle activity and the risk of musculoskeletal disorders will reduce.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC. hmchen@ntu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Han-Ming
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chun-Tong
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Leung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016287:Computer Peripherals; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008328:Man-Machine Systems; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D012782:Shoulder / Q000502:physiology*