title: Diagnostic procedures and surgical treatment of craniodorsal coxofemoral luxation in calves.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report use of ultrasonographic examination of the coxofemoral joint, a surgical technique for repair of craniodorsal coxofemoral dislocation, and outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical case reports.
  
  
  METHODS
  Calves (n=4) with coxofemoral luxation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Craniodorsal coxofemoral luxation was diagnosed by physical examination, radiographic, and ultrasonographic findings. Open surgical reduction of the femoral head was performed using a modified caudal approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Craniodorsal luxation of the femoral head and the presence of an intact femoral neck were confirmed by ultrasonography. All luxations were successfully reduced and reluxation did not occur. At follow-up, 1 heifer had calved and 1 was 5 months pregnant. One calf died of bronchopneumonia 6 days after surgery. One calf had severe coxofemoral degenerative joint disease diagnosed (ultrasonography, radiography, and arthrocentesis) 3 months after surgery and confirmed by necropsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasonography proved to be a simple and effective non-invasive technique for diagnosis of coxofemoral luxation. Immediate surgical intervention in hip dislocation in calves is necessary to avoid unnecessary trauma to subchondral structures. In calves, open instead of closed surgical reduction appears preferable because it allows access to the acetabular cavity for removal of debris.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasonography should be considered a supplementary but not an alternative to radiographic examination for diagnosis of coxofemoral luxation and for follow-up examinations after reduction.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Cattle and the Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany. alexander.starke@tiho-hannover.de
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Starke
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Herzog
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sohrt
authors.forename: Verena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Haist
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Höhling
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Baumgärtner
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rehage
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000662:veterinary; D002417:Cattle / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005271:Femur Head Necrosis / Q000662:veterinary; D006615:Hip; D006617:Hip Dislocation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000662:veterinary; D011859:Radiography / Q000662:veterinary; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000662:veterinary