title: Pairwise active appearance model and its application to echocardiography tracking.
abstract: We propose a pairwise active appearance model (PAAM) to characterize statistical regularities in shape, appearance, and motion presented by a target that undergoes a series of motion phases, such as the left ventricle in echocardiography. The PAAM depicts the transition in motion phase through a Markov chain and the transition in both shape and appearance through a conditional Gaussian distribution. We learn from a database the joint Gaussian distribution of the shapes and appearances belonging to two consecutive motion phases (i.e., a pair of motion phases), from which we analytically compute the conditional Gaussian distribution. We utilize the PAAM in tracking the left ventricle contour in echocardiography and obtain improved tracking results in terms of localization accuracy when compared with expert-specified contours.
authors.affiliation: Integrated Data Systems, Siemens Corporate Research, Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA. shaohua.zhou@siemens.com
authors.forename: S Kevin
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Bogdan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Georgescu
authors.forename: Dorin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Comaniciu
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D009068:Movement; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013382:Subtraction Technique