title: Ligands for programmed cell death 1 gene in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the role of ligands for programmed cell death 1 (PD-L) in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred sixty-four patients with SLE and 160 healthy controls were enrolled in our study. The PD-L1 and PD-L2 polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/direct sequencing or restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The genotype distributions of PD-L2 47103 C/T polymorphisms in patients with SLE were significantly different from those of the controls (p = 0.003). The genotype frequency of PD-L2 47103 T/T, in comparison with 47103 C/C, was significantly increased in patients with SLE when compared with that of the controls (odds ratio 2.5, 95% confidence interval 1.4-4.4, p = 0.001). A similar finding could also be found in the allele frequency of PD-L2 47103 T (SLE vs control, OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3-2.4, p = 0.001). There were no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of PD-L1 polymorphisms between the patients and controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PD-L2 47103 T may be associated with susceptibility to SLE in Taiwan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Division of Rheumatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shu-Chen
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chia-Hui
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Tsan-Teng
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: Cheng-Chin
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Wen-Chan
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Chaur-Jong
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Hong-Wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jeng-Hsien
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yen
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D061027:Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; C423236:CD274 protein, human; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C556977:PDCD1LG2 protein, human; D061027:Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein