title: Snapshot hyperspectral imaging in ophthalmology.
abstract: Retinal imaging spectroscopy can provide functional maps using chromophore spectra. For example, oxygen saturation maps show ischemic areas from diabetes and venous occlusions. Obtaining retinal spatial-spectral data has been difficult due to saccades and long data acquisition times (>5 s). We present a snapshot imaging spectrometer with far-reaching applicability that acquires a complete spatial-spectral image cube in approximately 3 ms from 450 to 700 nm with 50 bands, eliminating motion artifacts and pixel misregistration. Current retinal spectral imaging approaches are incapable of true snapshot operation over a wide spectral range with a large number of spectral bands. Coupled to a fundus camera, the instrument returns true color retinal images for comparison to standard fundus images and for image validation while the patient is still dilated. Oxygen saturation maps were obtained with a three-wavelength algorithm: for healthy subjects arteries were approximately 95% and veins 30 to 35% less. The instrument is now undergoing clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Road, Pasadena, California 91109, USA.
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Daniel W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Humayun
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bearman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D036641:Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D010092:Oximetry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D042261:Retinoscopes; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity