title: Tertiary lymphoid tissues generate effector and memory T cells that lead to allograft rejection.
abstract: Tertiary lymphoid tissues are lymph node-like cell aggregates that arise at sites of chronic inflammation. They have been observed in transplanted organs undergoing chronic rejection, but it is not known whether they contribute to the rejection process by supporting local activation of naïve lymphocytes. To answer this question, we established a murine transplantation model in which the donor skin contains tertiary lymphoid tissues due to transgenic expression of lymphotoxin-alpha(RIP-LT alpha), whereas the recipient lacks all secondary lymphoid organs and does not mount primary alloimmune responses. We demonstrate in this model that RIP-LT alpha allografts that harbor tertiary lymphoid tissues are rejected, while wild-type allografts that lack tertiary lymphoid tissues are accepted. Wild-type allografts transplanted at the same time as RIP-LT alpha skin or 60 days later were also rejected, suggesting that tertiary lymphoid tissues, similar to secondary lymphoid organs, generate both effector and memory immune responses. Consistent with this observation, naive T cells transferred to RIP-LT alpha skin allograft but not syngeneic graft recipients proliferated and differentiated into effector and memory T cells. These findings provide direct evidence that tertiary lymphoid structures perpetuate the rejection process by supporting naïve T-cell activation.
authors.affiliation: Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: I W
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Nasr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reel
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Oberbarnscheidt
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Mounzer
authors.forename: F K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Baddoura
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Ruddle
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Lakkis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D012867:Skin / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha