title: Below-ambient levels of UV induce chloroplast structural change and alter starch metabolism.
abstract: Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) in the 400-700 nm bandwidth of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) has been established as an important source of energy for photosynthesis and environmental signals regulating many aspects of green-plant life. Above-ambient levels of UV-B radiation (290-320 nm) under high-PAR conditions have been shown to elicit responses in chloroplasts of Brassica napus similar to those of chloroplasts at low-PAR exposure (W. Fagerberg and J. Bornman, Physiol. Plant. 101: 833-844, 1997). The question arises as to whether UV at normal levels can also evoke similar responses. Here we provide evidence that even below-ambient levels of UV-B (1/28 ambient; Durham, N.H., U.S.A., 1200 hours, March) were capable of inducing an increase in thylakoid surface area relative to the chloroplast volume typical of a low-PAR response (shade response) in sunflowers. This response occurred even though leaves were concurrently exposed to PAR levels that normally induce a "sun" or high-PAR response in the absence of UV-B. Subambient levels of UV-B were also associated with a decrease in chloroplast and starch volume. Exposure to levels of UV-A 1/10 of ambient appeared to enhance the high-PAR response of the chloroplast, characterized by an increase in the amounts of stored starch, an increase in chloroplast volume density ratio values, and a decrease in thylakoid surface area density ratios relative to the high-light controls. These effects were opposite to those seen in UV-B-exposed tissue. In a general sense, subambient levels of UV-B evoked a response similar to that elicited by low-PAR irradiance, while subambient UV-A elicited responses similar to those typical of high-PAR irradiance. The fact that below-ambient levels of UV altered a normal chloroplast structural response to PAR provides evidence that UV may be an important environmental signal for plants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA. wrf@cisunix.unh.edu
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Fagerberg
mesh_terms: D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000528:radiation effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D006368:Helianthus / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000528:radiation effects; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000166:cytology / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013213:Starch / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D020524:Thylakoids / Q000528:radiation effects; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D013213:Starch