Peripheral regeneration.
Whereas the central nervous system (CNS) usually cannot regenerate, peripheral nerves regenerate spontaneously after injury because of a permissive environment and activation of the intrinsic growth capacity of neurons. Functional regeneration requires axon regrowth and remyelination of the regenerated axons by Schwann cells. Multiple factors including neurotrophic factors, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and hormones participate in Schwann cell dedifferentiation, proliferation, and remyelination. We describe the current understanding of peripheral axon regeneration and focus on the molecules and potential mechanisms involved in remyelination.
Chen
Zu-Lin
ZL
Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA. chenz@rockefeller.edu
Yu
Wei-Ming
WM
Strickland
Sidney
S
D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D020439:Growth Cones / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006728:Hormones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
D006728:Hormones; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors