title: Modulation of KCNQ1 current by atrial fibrillation-associated KCNE4 (145E/D) gene polymorphism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia with multi-factorial pathogenesis. Recently, a single nucleotide polymorphism (G/T) at position 1057 in the KCNE4 gene, resulting in a glutamic acid (Glu, E)/aspartic acid (Asp, D) substitution at position 145 of the KCNE4 peptide, was found in our laboratory to be associated with idiopathic atrial fibrillation (atrial fibrillation more frequent with KCNE4 145D). However, the functional effect of the KCNE4 145E/D polymorphism is still unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We constructed KCNE4 (145E/D) expression plasmids and transiently co-transfected them with the KCNQ1 gene into Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells and performed whole-cell patch-clamping recording to identify the possible functional consequences of the single nucleotide polymorphism. Quantitative data were analyzed by Student;s t test. Probability values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A slowly activating, non-inactivating voltage-dependent current ((24.0 +/- 2.9) pA/pF, at +60 mV)) could be recorded in the cells transfected with KCNQ1 alone. Co-expression of wild type KCNE4 inhibited the KCNQ1 current ((7.3 +/- 1.1) pA/pF)). By contrast, co-expression of KCNE4 (145D) augment the KCNQ1 current ((42.9 +/- 7) pA/pF)). The V(1/2) of activation for the KCNQ1/KCNE4 (145D) current was shifted significantly towards the depolarizing potential compared to that for the KCNQ1 current ((-2.3 +/- 0.2) mv vs (-13.0 +/- 1.5) mv, P < 0.01)) without changing the slope factorkappa. Furthermore, KCNE4 (145D) also affected the activation and deactivation kinetics of KCNQ1 channels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We provide experimental evidence that the KCNE4 (145E/D) polymorphism exerts the effect of "gain of function" on the KCNQ1 channel. It may underlie the genetic mechanism of atrial fibrillation. Further studies on the functional association between I(Ks) and KCNE4 (145D) polymorphism in cardiac myocytes are suggested.
authors.affiliation: Center for Arrhythmia Diagnosis and Treatment, Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Ke-juan
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Si-yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: Yin-hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Dong-feng
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Jie-lin
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D006801:Humans; D051657:KCNQ1 Potassium Channel / Q000502:physiology*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C498897:KCNE4 protein, human; D051657:KCNQ1 Potassium Channel; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated