title: Integrated semiconductor optical sensors for cellular and neural imaging.
abstract: We review integrated optical sensors for functional brain imaging, localized index-of-refraction sensing as part of a lab-on-a-chip, and in vivo continuous monitoring of tumor and cancer stem cells. We present semiconductor-based sensors and imaging systems for these applications. Measured intrinsic optical signals and tissue optics simulations indicate the need for high dynamic range and low dark-current neural sensors. Simulated and measured reflectance spectra from our guided resonance filter demonstrate the capability for index-of-refraction sensing on cellular scales, compatible with integrated biosensors. Finally, we characterized a thermally evaporated emission filter that can be used to improve sensitivity for in vivo fluorescence sensing.
authors.affiliation: Solid State and Photonics Laboratory, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA. levi@snow.stanford.edu
authors.forename: Ofer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Levi
authors.forename: Thomas T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Meredith M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D055095:Optics and Photonics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012031:Refractometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D018511:Systems Integration