title: Vasodilators and nootropics as predictors of dementia and mortality in the PAQUID cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of treatment for memory impairment and the Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on dementia, mortality, and survival without dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective community-based cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  France.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three thousand five hundred thirty-four subjects aged 65 and older.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information on drug consumption was obtained by interview and visual assessment of patients' medicine chests. Active screening of dementia was performed every 2 years over a 13-year period. The independent effects of treatment for memory impairment and the Ginkgo biloba extract on the risks of dementia and death were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for potentially confounding factors (including comorbidities).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The initial consumption of Ginkgo biloba did not modify the risk of dementia (relative risk (RR)=1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.84-1.60), whereas the consumption of other treatments for memory impairment was associated with a higher risk of dementia (RR=1.35, 95% CI=1.11-1.63). Subjects who took Ginkgo biloba had a significantly lower risk of mortality in the long term (RR=0.76, 95% CI=0.62-0.93), even after adjustment for potentially confounding factors. The initial consumption of treatment for memory impairment other than Ginkgo biloba did not modify the risk of mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that treatment with EGb 761 may increase the probability of survival in the elderly population. These findings need to be corroborated and further assessed using randomized, controlled trials.
authors.affiliation: Inserm U. 593, Université de Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Dartigues
authors.forename: Laure
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carcaillon
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Helmer
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lechevallier
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lafuma
authors.forename: Babak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Khoshnood
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005602:France; D020441:Ginkgo biloba; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000096983:Ginkgo Extract
chemical_list: D018697:Nootropic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; C063170:Ginkgo biloba extract; D000096983:Ginkgo Extract