title: 3D active shape models using gradient descent optimization of description length.
abstract: Active Shape Models are a popular method for segmenting three-dimensional medical images. To obtain the required landmark correspondences, various automatic approaches have been proposed. In this work, we present an improved version of minimizing the description length (MDL) of the model. To initialize the algorithm, we describe a method to distribute landmarks on the training shapes using a conformal parameterization function. Next, we introduce a novel procedure to modify landmark positions locally without disturbing established correspondences. We employ a gradient descent optimization to minimize the MDL cost function, speeding up automatic model building by several orders of magnitude when compared to the original MDL approach. The necessary gradient information is estimated from a singular value decomposition, a more accurate technique to calculate the PCA than the commonly used eigendecomposition of the covariance matrix. Finally, we present results for several synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrating that our procedure generates models of significantly better quality in a fraction of the time needed by previous approaches.
authors.affiliation: Div. Medical and Biological Informatics, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. t.heimann@dkfz.de
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Heimann
authors.forename: Ivo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: Tomos
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Hans-Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Meinzer
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008168:Lung / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008954:Models, Biological; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D011859:Radiography; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013382:Subtraction Technique