title: Study on developmental abnormalities in hypospadiac male rats induced by maternal exposure to di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP).
abstract: The objective of this study was to establish a hypospadiac rat model by maternal exposure to di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and to evaluate the developmental abnormalities of hypospadiac male rats. Timed-pregnant rats were given DBP by gastric intubation at doses of 0, 250, 500, 750 or 1000 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day from gestation day (GD) 14 to 18 to establish a hypospadiac rat model. The hypospadias was observed in the 500 and 750 mg/kg bw/day groups, the incidence of which was 6.8 and 41.3%, respectively. Transverse serial histological analysis of genitalia of hypospadiac male rats confirmed the malformation. With exposed dose increasing, the serum testosterone (T) levels of male rats inversely decreased, and in the same dosage group the serum T levels of hypospadiac rats were significantly lower than the levels of nonhypospadiac counterparts. The other reproductive lesions such as cryptorchidism and decreased ratio of anogenital distance/body weight (AGD/bw) were also observed. Autopsy analysis revealed the development of reproductive organs (prostate, testes, epididymis, pituitary gland) and nonreproductive organs (adrenal gland, liver, kidney, heart, spleen) of hypospadiac rats and nonhypospadiac counterparts. The results indicated that the reproductive system and developmental condition of hypospadiac male offspring were damaged severely by DBP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 85 Wujin road, Shanghai 200080, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: JunTao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: XinRu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003993:Dibutyl Phthalate / Q000633:toxicity*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D008098:Litter Size / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D003993:Dibutyl Phthalate; D013739:Testosterone