Resolving the blind spot of transoesophageal echocardiography: a new diagnostic device for visualizing the ascending aorta in cardiac surgery.
BACKGROUND
Atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta (AA) and stroke after cardiac surgery are related. Knowledge of the location of AA-atherosclerosis pre-sternotomy allows changes in surgical strategy to avoid manipulation of the AA. The gold-standard for assessment of AA-atherosclerosis is intraoperative epiaortic ultrasound scanning (EUS). Transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) is unable to detect atherosclerosis in the distal AA due to the 'blind spot'. A new method [A-View (Aortic-view) method] using a fluid-filled catheter may enhance the assessment of distal AA-atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the A-View method indeed visualizes the distal AA and to assess the safety of this technology.


METHODS
In a cross-sectional diagnostic study, 41 patients undergoing cardiac surgery including sternotomy underwent the same work-up including TOE, the A-View method, EUS, and routine operative monitoring.


RESULTS
With the A-View method, the distal AA was visible in all (100%) patients. There were no clinical important side-effects associated with the use of the A-View catheter; however, in one patient the endotracheal tube was accidentally dislocated leading to a decrease in Sa(O2). Severity of atherosclerosis visualized with the A-View method compared with EUS results showed good agreement between the two methods [Kappa of 0.69 (0.50-0.88)]. The Bland-Altman analysis showed poor agreement in plaque-size measurements (bias 0.05 cm2, limits of agreement - 0.63 to 0.74 cm2).


CONCLUSIONS
The A-View method offers a minimally invasive and safe approach to preoperatively resolving the blind spot of TOE. Compared with EUS, the A-View method yielded satisfactory results in the detection of AA-atherosclerosis. The A-View method seems a promising tool for patients undergoing cardiac surgery to direct surgical management.
van Zaane
B
B
Department of (Thoracic) Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Isala Clinics, The Netherlands. b.van.zaane@isala.nl
Nierich
A P
AP
Buhre
W F
WF
Brandon Bravo Bruinsma
G J
GJ
Moons
K G M
KG
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control