title: Epithelial apoptosis in mechanistically distinct methods of injury in the murine small intestine.
abstract: Gut epithelial apoptosis is involved in the pathophysiology of multiple diseases. This study characterized intestinal apoptosis in three mechanistically distinct injuries with different kinetics of cell death. FVB/N mice were subjected to gamma radiation, Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia or injection of monoclonal anti-CD3 antibody and sacrificed 4, 12, or 24 hours post-injury (n=10/time point). Apoptosis was quantified in the jejunum by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), active caspase-3, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL), in situ oligoligation reaction (ISOL,) cytokeratin 18, and annexin V staining. Reproducible results were obtained only for H&E, active caspase-3, TUNEL and ISOL, which were quantified and compared against each other for each injury at each time point. Kinetics of injury were different with early apoptosis highest following radiation, late apoptosis highest following anti CD3, and more consistent levels following pneumonia. ISOL was the most consistent stain and was always statistically indistinguishable from at least 2 stains. In contrast, active caspase-3 demonstrated lower levels of apoptosis, while the TUNEL assay had higher levels of apoptosis in the most severely injured intestine regardless of mechanism of injury. H&E was a statistical outlier more commonly than any other stain. This suggests that regardless of mechanism or kinetics of injury, ISOL correlates to other quantification methods of detecting gut epithelial apoptosis more than any other method studied and compares favorably to other commonly accepted techniques of quantifying apoptosis in a large intestinal cross sectional by balancing sensitivity and specificity across a range of times and levels of death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vyas
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Stromberg
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Dunne
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Houchen
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ayala
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perl
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Buchman
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Coopersmith
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000276:immunology; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D005720:Gamma Rays / Q000009:adverse effects; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D053538:Keratin-18 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000150:complications; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000150:complications; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018805:Sepsis / Q000150:complications; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: D017252:CD3 Complex; D053538:Keratin-18; D053148:Caspase 3