title: Diagnosis and management of olfactory disorders: survey of UK-based consultants and literature review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The diagnosis and management of olfactory disorders is an often neglected topic in otolaryngology. This article evaluates current clinical practice within the United Kingdom, and provides a literature-based review of the diagnosis, management and prognosis of olfactory pathology.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire was sent to consultant and associate specialist members of the British Association of Otolaryngologists and Head and Neck Surgeons. The responses were documented to gain an impression of how olfactory disorders are managed in the United Kingdom. The literature relating to olfactory dysfunction was then evaluated and the findings summarised.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Management of olfactory pathology varies across the United Kingdom. The literature suggests that chemosensory testing is optimal and that both forced-choice and threshold testing should be applied if objective evaluation is required. Imaging can be of value but the appropriate technique should be used. Olfactory function can recover following head injury, viral infection and chronic sinonasal disease, although varying degrees of dysfunction are likely to persist. There is a role for the use of corticosteroids, particularly when administered systemically. More research is needed to establish the appropriate dose and length of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK. emma_28_mc@hotmail.com
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McNeill
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ramakrishnan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carrie
mesh_terms: D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000150:complications; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D000857:Olfaction Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000150:complications; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000150:complications; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000150:complications; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids