title: [Clinical features of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder showing different pharmacological responses].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the mainstay of pharmacological treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), some OCD patients do not show improvement. Sometimes, the addition of a low-dose atypical antipsychotic, such as risperidone, or olanzapine, to ongoing SSRI treatment has been shown to be effective. However, there are patients who still show no response after trials with this augmentation therapy. In the present study, we examined the clinical features of OCD patients who showed different responses to pharmacological treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty OCD patients were divided into three groups according to their pharmacological responses: responders to SSRI (group A: n= 25), responders to SSRI with an atypical antipsychotic (group B: n= 15), and non-responders to both SSRI and SSRI with an atypical antipsychotic (group C: n= 10). We examined the clinical features such as age, sex, age of onset, duration of illness, types of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, severity, improvement after treatment, insight into disease, depression, comorbidity, involving family members in compulsive or ritualistic behavior, and the level of social adaptation of each OCD group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty five patients showed a good response to SSRI monotherapy, 15 showed a response to antipsychotic augmentation, and 10 were non-responders to both SSRI and SSRI with an atypical antipsychotic. Significantly lower insight levels were observed only in group B and higher depressive levels in group C. OCD patients who were refractory to SSRI monotherapy showed comorbidity at a significantly higher frequency. OCD patients in group A showed significantly greater improvement, and group B showed inferior social adaptation after treatment. There were no significant differences in age, sex, age of onset, duration of illness, severity, involving family members in compulsive or ritualistic behavior, and social adaptation before treatment in the three OCD groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were differences in the clinical features of OCD patients who showed different responses to pharmacological treatment. Our results suggest that OCD is clinically and biologically heterogeneous. It may be important to divide OCD patients into subgroups for future studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School. satsuki@clin.med.tokushima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Satsuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sumitani
authors.forename: Shu-Ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Yasuhito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishimoto
authors.forename: Takahide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Masahito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomotake
authors.forename: Ikuyo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Motoki
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohmori
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000077152:Olanzapine; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018967:Risperidone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D000077152:Olanzapine; D018967:Risperidone; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors