title: Microwave-assisted dechlorination of polychlorobenzenes by hypophosphite anions in aqueous alkaline media in the presence of Pd-loaded active carbon.
abstract: Microwave-assisted dechlorination of chlorobenzene and the three dichlorobenzenes takes place in the presence of the hypophosphite (NaH(2)PO(2)) reductant and Pd-loaded activated carbon (Pd/C) in alkaline media at relatively low temperatures. The extent of loss/dechlorination at 90 degrees C followed the order: o-DCB approximately m-DCB>CB>p-DCB. Detected final products were mostly benzene and phenol. Dechlorination of pentachlorobenzene (PeCB) through reduction was slight even when both NaH(2)PO(2) and Pd/C were simultaneously employed in the absence of NaOH, nor when NaH(2)PO(2) alone was present in excess. The generated HCl proved to be an inhibitor, thus the need for the presence of NaOH to enhance dechlorination. Conventional heating of the reacting mixture above 90 degrees C to a reaction temperature of 180 degrees C led to no further dechlorination of the PeCB. Intermediate products of dechlorination of PeCP were the tetrachlorobenzenes with final products being benzene and phenol (GC-FID spectral analyses). Both salicylic acid (a constituent of humic acid) and l(+)-ascorbic acid used as possible promoters proved to be rather ineffective. The simultaneous presence of NaH(2)PO(2), Pd-loaded activated carbon and NaOH was crucial in the dechlorination of PeCB by microwave dielectric heating with maximal reduction of PeCB being ca. 75% under these conditions.
authors.affiliation: Frontier Research Center for Global Environment Science, Meisei University, 2-1-1, Hodokubo, Hino, Tokyo 191-8506, Japan. hidaka@epfc.meisei-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hidaka
authors.forename: Aiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saitou
authors.forename: Haruo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Honjou
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hosoda
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moriya
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Serpone
mesh_terms: D000468:Alkalies; D000838:Anions; D002606:Charcoal; D002713:Chlorine; D002722:Chlorobenzenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D008872:Microwaves; D010165:Palladium; D011108:Polymers
chemical_list: D000468:Alkalies; D000838:Anions; D002722:Chlorobenzenes; D011108:Polymers; D002606:Charcoal; D002713:Chlorine; D010165:Palladium