Microtubules' interaction with cell cortex is required for their radial organization, but not for centrosome positioning.
Microtubules in interphase mammalian cells usually form a radial array with minus-ends concentrated in the central region and plus-ends placed at the periphery. This is accepted as correct, that two factors determinate the radial organization of microtubules - the centrosome, which nucleate and anchor the microtubules minus-ends, and the interaction of microtubules with cortical dynein, which positions centrosome in the cell center. However, it looks as if there are additional factors, affecting the radial structure of microtubule system. We show here that in aged Vero cytoplasts (17 h after enucleation) microtubule system lost radial organization and became chaotic. To clear up the reasons of that, we studied centrosome activity, its position in the cytoplasts and microtubule dynamics. We found that centrosome in aged cytoplasts was still active and placed in the central region of the cytoplasm, while after total disruption of the microtubules it was displaced from the center. Microtubules in aged cytoplasts were not stabilized, but they lost their ability to stop to grow near cell cortex and continued to grow reaching it. Aged cytoplast lamellae was partially depleted with dynactin though Golgi remained compact indicating dynein activity. We conclude that microtubule stoppage at cell cortex is mediated by some (protein) factors, and these factors influence radial structure of microtubule system. It seems that the key role in centrosome positioning is played by dynein complexes anchored everywhere in the cytoplasm rather than anchored in cell cortex.
Brodsky
I B
IB
Group of Cell Biology, Institute of Protein Research of Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia.
Burakov
A V
AV
Nadezhdina
E S
ES
D000818:Animals; D016764:Cell Polarity; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016922:Cellular Senescence; D018385:Centrosome / Q000378:metabolism*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D022083:Cytoplasmic Structures / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072159:Dynactin Complex; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014709:Vero Cells
D000072159:Dynactin Complex; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins