title: Oncolytic viruses driven by tumor-specific promoters.
abstract: Oncolytic viruses can selectively replicate in and lead to tumor cell lysis with minimal infection/replication potential in adjoining non-neoplastic tissue. Because of paramount safety concerns, first-generation oncolytic viruses were designed to be significantly attenuated in their lytic potential. Results from recent clinical trials have revealed the safety of this approach, but have underscored the urgency for design and testing of more tumor-selective and -potent viruses to realize the full therapeutic potential of this revolutionary treatment modality. With the discovery of various molecular/genetic changes associated with neoplasia, tumor-specific transcriptional targeting of viral virulence is being tapped to generate tumor- and tissue-specific variants. This review will focus on the various strategies exploited to generate viruses whose virulence is governed by tumor-specific transcriptional events.
authors.affiliation: Dardinger Laboratory for Neuro-Oncology and Neurosciences, Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Jayson
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hardcastle
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurozumi
authors.forename: E Antonio
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Chiocca
authors.forename: Balveen
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kaur
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000418:Albumins / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000235:genetics; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018396:Mucin-1; D009077:Mucins / Q000235:genetics; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D064231:Nestin; D050130:Oncolytic Virotherapy; D050504:Oncolytic Viruses / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000235:genetics; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D000077022:Survivin; D019098:Telomerase / Q000235:genetics; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014779:Virus Replication; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D000096985:Calponins
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D018396:Mucin-1; D009077:Mucins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D064231:Nestin; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D000077022:Survivin; D019098:Telomerase; D015534:Trans-Activators; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; D000096985:Calponins; C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; C491297:MSI1 protein, human; C060192:MUC1 protein, human; C064352:MYBL2 protein, human; C577484:NES protein, human