title: The potential Salmonella aroA- vaccine strain is safe and effective in young BALB/c mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Due to the increased susceptibility of neonates to pathogens including those with mutations, the use of live vaccine strategies in the human population may present a potential risk to the young.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The specific aim of this study was to assess the risk that prospective Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium vaccine strains pose for the neonate and determine whether the strains are an effective vaccine by assessing the adaptive immune response.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate the susceptibility of young mice to potential vaccine strains, S. typhimuriumaroA(-) and Delta phoP mutant strains were labeled by chromosomal insertion of the lux operon--this serves as a readily traceable marker of infection using noninvasive imaging methods. BALB/c mice ages 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks of age were fed the bioluminescent aroA(-) or Delta phoP strains and the course of infection was monitored by in vivobioluminescence imaging. In addition, blood samples were collected post-inoculation to assess the IgG response of mice to S. typhimurium LPS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Young BALB/c mice were not susceptible to the aroA(-) strain in contrast to their susceptibility to the Delta phoP strain at a dose of 10(9) colony forming units. Delivery by oral feeding of the aroA(-) and Delta phoP strains in young mice also produced a robust IgG anti-LPS response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Here, we report that young 2-week-old mice orally fed the bioluminescent aroA(-) S. typhimurium strain were not susceptible to infection and elicited a protective immune response.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5208, USA. smburns@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Stacy M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Burns-Guydish
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: David K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.forename: Christopher H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Contag
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D008136:Longevity; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D015335:Molecular Probes; D017785:Photons; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D015335:Molecular Probes; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic