title: The hybrid total arch repair: brachiocephalic bypass and concomitant endovascular aortic arch stent graft placement.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Repair of aortic arch aneurysm is technically demanding, requiring complex circulatory management. Very large atherosclerotic saccular aneurysms of the arch are grave markers of extensive arch and brachiocephalic atheromatous disease and represent high surgical risks for perioperative neurologic complications. Operative morbidity and mortality may be prohibitive with traditional surgical intervention. We described our experience with a hybrid procedure for total arch repair with a brachiocephalic bypass with a trifurcated graft followed by concomitant placement of a stent graft in the arch.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since June 2005, we have performed the hybrid total arch repair in eight patients. A retrospective review was performed to evaluate the new technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the patients was 67 years with a mean aneurysm size of 8 cm (range, 4.4 to 10 cm). Significant comorbidities included carotid stenosis, chronic renal insufficiency, peripheral vascular disease, hypertension, and coronary artery disease. Two patients had previous Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repairs. Three patients had previous sternotomy for type A dissection, ascending aortic aneurysm repair, and coronary artery bypass grafting. Transesophageal echocardiogram demonstrated grade IV or V atheromatous disease in the arch and ascending aorta. Stent grafts were deployed antegrade directly into the ascending aorta in three patients and retrograde from the femoral artery in five patients. Technical success with complete aneurysmal exclusion was achieved in all patients (100%). At a mean follow-up period of 11.7 months, there was no incidence of endoleak. There was one death resulting from a perioperative myocardial infarction (first patient). Documented perioperative neurologic events (stroke) occurred in two patients, with both patients demonstrating no residual deficit at the time of discharge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Saccular arch aneurysms can be technically treated by total arch repair with brachiocephalic bypass and concomitant aortic arch stent graft placement. Hybrid arch repair provides an alternative to patients otherwise considered prohibitively high risk for traditional open arch repair.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. szetow@uphs.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Wilson Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Szeto
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Bavaria
authors.forename: Frank W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Bowen
authors.forename: Edward Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Ronald M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Fairman
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pochettino
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017545:Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D001019:Aortic Rupture / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; D016122:Brachiocephalic Trunk / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000601:surgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D012107:Research Design; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome