title: Local inhibitory reflexes excited by mucosal application of nutrient amino acids in guinea pig jejunum.
abstract: The motility of the gut depends on the chemicals contained in the lumen, but the stimuli that modify motility and their relationship to enteric neural pathways are unclear. This study examined local inhibitory reflexes activated by various chemical stimulants applied to the mucosa to characterize effective physiological stimuli and the pathways they excite. Segments of the jejunum were dissected to allow access to the circular muscle on one-half of the preparation while leaving the mucosa intact on the circumferentially adjacent half. Chemicals were transiently applied to the mucosa, and responses were recorded intracellularly in nearby circular muscle cells. The amino acids l-phenylalanine, l-alanine, or l-tryptophan (all 1 mM) evoked inhibitory junction potentials (IJPs; latency 150-300 ms, amplitude 3-8 mV, each n > 6) that were blocked by TTX and partially blocked by antagonists of P2X receptors and/or a combination of antagonists at 5-HT(3) and 5-HT(4) receptors. The putative mediators 5-HT (10 microM), ATP (1 mM), and CCK-8 (1-10 microM) elicited IJPs mediated via 5-HT(3), P2X, and CCK-B receptors, respectively. Responses were only partially reduced by the effective antagonists. IJPs evoked by electrically stimulating the mucosa were unaffected by antagonists that reduced chemically evoked responses. Both chemically and electrically evoked IJPs were resistant to nicotinic, NK(1), NK(3), alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid, N-methyl-d-aspartate, or CGRP receptor blockade. We conclude that mucosal stimulation by amino acids activates local neural pathways whose pharmacology depends on the nature of the stimulus. Transmitters involved at some synapses in these pathways remain to be identified.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Physiology, Univ. of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia. rgwynne@unimelb.edu.au
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Gwynne
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Bornstein
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000409:Alanine / Q000378:metabolism; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000294:innervation* / Q000378:metabolism; D007583:Jejunum / Q000294:innervation* / Q000378:metabolism; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000294:innervation* / Q000378:metabolism; D009197:Myenteric Plexus / Q000378:metabolism*; D009433:Neural Inhibition; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000378:metabolism; D011930:Reaction Time; D043887:Receptor, Cholecystokinin B / Q000378:metabolism; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000378:metabolism; D044406:Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3 / Q000378:metabolism; D044422:Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT4 / Q000378:metabolism; D012018:Reflex; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism; D012844:Sincalide / Q000378:metabolism; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D043887:Receptor, Cholecystokinin B; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D044406:Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3; D044422:Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT4; D012701:Serotonin; D010649:Phenylalanine; D014364:Tryptophan; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D012844:Sincalide; D000409:Alanine