title: Reporter proteins for in vivo fluorescence without oxygen.
abstract: Fluorescent reporter proteins such as green fluorescent protein are valuable noninvasive molecular tools for in vivo real-time imaging of living specimens. However, their use is generally restricted to aerobic systems, as the formation of their chromophores strictly requires oxygen. Starting with blue-light photoreceptors from Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas putida that contain light-oxygen-voltage-sensing domains, we engineered flavin mononucleotide-based fluorescent proteins that can be used as fluorescent reporters in both aerobic and anaerobic biological systems.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Research Center Juelich, Stetternicher Forst, D-52426 Juelich, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Drepper
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eggert
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Circolone
authors.forename: Achim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heck
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Krauss
authors.forename: Jan-Karl
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Guterl
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wendorff
authors.forename: Aba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Losi
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gärtner
authors.forename: Karl-Erich
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Jaeger
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D005486:Flavin Mononucleotide / Q000378:metabolism; D005453:Fluorescence; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D016958:Pseudomonas putida / Q000378:metabolism; D016354:Rhodobacter capsulatus / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D005486:Flavin Mononucleotide; D010100:Oxygen