title: Suppressive effect of a novel water-soluble artemisinin derivative SM905 on T cell activation and proliferation in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: Artemisinin and its derivatives exhibit potent immunosuppressive activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the suppressive effects of SM905, a new water-soluble artemisinin derivative, on T lymphocytes both in vitro and in vivo, and explore its potential mode of action. The results showed that SM905 had a high inhibitory activity in Concanavalin A (ConA)-induced splenocyte proliferation and mixed lymphocyte reaction, and a relatively low cytotoxicity in vitro. In ovalbumin-immunized mice, oral administration of SM905 dose-dependently suppressed T cell proliferative response to ovalbumin, and inhibited anti-ovalbumin interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production by T cells. Further studies showed that SM905 inhibited TCR (T cell receptor)/CD3 plus CD28-mediated primary T cell proliferation and cytokine production (IL-2 and IFN-gamma), and exerted an inhibitory action on the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and the activation of Ras. The results of this study provided experimental evidence that the new artemisinin derivative SM905 had immunosuppressive effects both in vitro and in vivo. SM905 suppressed T cell activation, which was associated with the inhibition of MAP kinases and Ras activation. Our results suggested a potential of SM905 to be developed as a new type agent for treating T cell-mediated immune disorder.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jun-Xia
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Zhong-Shun
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Li-Ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ru
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Li-Fei
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Pei-Lan
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Yi-Fu
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jian-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Zuo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D037621:Artemisinins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007959:Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017260:Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D037621:Artemisinins; D018106:CD28 Antigens; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D007376:Interleukin-2; D017260:Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell; C522065:SM905; D003208:Concanavalin A; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D010047:Ovalbumin; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D018631:ras Proteins