title: Identification of small molecule ceramide kinase inhibitors using a homogeneous chemiluminescence high throughput assay.
abstract: Lipid kinases have emerged as potentially important therapeutic targets in oncology and inflammation. Ceramide kinase (CERK) is a lipid kinase that catalyzes the formation of ceramide-1-phosphate from ceramide, a sphingolipid that is a key mediator of cellular apoptosis. Ceramide-1-phosphate has been shown to enhance the production of pro-inflammatory eicosonoids, to promote cell proliferation, and potentially to reduce intracellular ceramide levels by inhibition of acidic sphingomyelinases. Here we describe a homogeneous chemiluminescence assay that directly measures the ceramide-dependent ATP depletion by recombinant full-length human CERK. As compared to reported CERK assays that have limitations on compound throughput, the chemiluminescence assay has been miniaturized to a 1,536-well microtiter plate format and utilized to screen an ultra-large compound library (>4 million compounds). Multiple chemical scaffolds have been identified as CERK kinase inhibitors and characterized mechanistically, which to our knowledge represent the first known small molecule CERK inhibitors with nanomolar activities. These compounds can serve as tools to further elucidate the CERK pathway and its role in ceramide metabolism and human diseases.
authors.affiliation: Exelixis, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94083-0511, USA.
authors.forename: Narsimha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Munagala
authors.forename: Shaun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Jae
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Joly
authors.forename: Kirk
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McMillan
authors.forename: Wentao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods*; D002460:Cell Line; D002469:Cell Separation / Q000379:methods*; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000379:methods*; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018411:Spodoptera / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); C066324:ceramide kinase