title: [Energy expenditure in critically ill children: correlation with clinical characteristics, caloric intake, and predictive equations].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study energy expenditure (EE) in critically ill infants and children and its correlation with clinical characteristics, treatment, nutrition, caloric intake, and predicted energy expenditure calculated through theoretical formulas.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective observational study was conducted in critically ill infants and children. Indirect calorimetry measurements were performed using the calorimetry module of the S5 Datex monitor. Data on mechanical ventilation, nutrition, and caloric intake were registered. Theoretical equations of energy requirement (WHO/FAO, Harris-Benedict, Caldwell-Kennedy, Maffeis, Fleisch, Kleiber and Hunter) were calculated. The statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 12.0 package.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-eight EE determinations were performed in 43 critically ill infants and children aged between 10 days and 15 years old. Measured EE was 58.4 (18.4) kcal/kg/day, with wide individual variability. EE was significantly lower in infants and children who had undergone cardiac surgery than in the remainder. No correlation was found between EE and mechanical ventilation parameters, vasoactive drugs, sedatives, or muscle relaxants. A correlation was found between caloric intake and EE. In a high percentage of patients, predictive equations did not accurately estimate EE. The respiratory quotient was not useful to diagnose overfeeding or underfeeding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Wide individual variability in EE was found in critically ill infants and children. Predictive equations did not accurately estimate EE. Indirect calorimetry measured by a specific module is a simple method that could allow generalized use of EE measurement in critically ill pediatric patients undergoing mechanical ventilation.
authors.affiliation: Sección de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España. pielvi@ya.com
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: López-Herce Cid
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sánchez Sánchez
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mencía Bartolomé
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Santiago Lozano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carrillo Alvarez
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bellón Cano
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016638:Critical Illness; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011446:Prospective Studies