title: Manidipine plus delapril in patients with Type 2 diabetes and hypertension: reducing cardiovascular risk and end-organ damage.
abstract: In patients with hypertension and diabetes, atherothrombosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and there is now compelling evidence demonstrating that lowering elevated blood pressure (BP) is one of the most beneficial aims of therapy in this high-risk population. Indeed, major international guidelines have set a target BP goal of 130/80 mmHg in high-risk patients and recommend combination treatment with two or more drug classes to help achieve this objective. Manidipine plus delapril is a fixed-dose combination of a third-generation dihydropyridine calcium antagonist and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, which is effective in mild-to-moderately hypertensive patients with an inadequate response to monotherapy. It is also effective in the long-term (50 weeks) management of essential hypertension. Comparative studies have demonstrated that manidipine plus delapril is as effective as enalapril plus hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) in patients with hypertension that is unresponsive to monotherapy, and as effective as ramipril plus HCTZ, valsartan plus HCTZ, irbesartan plus HCTZ and olmesartan plus HCTZ in patients with essential hypertension and Type 2 diabetes. In addition, manidipine plus delapril exhibited renoprotective effects in normotensive Type 2 diabetic patients, and improved fibrinolytic function (significantly more than irbesartan plus HCTZ) in hypertensive patients with Type 2 diabetes. Manidipine 10 mg plus delapril 30 mg once daily was generally well tolerated, with no unexpected adverse effects and evidence of a low incidence of ankle edema. Thus, manidipine plus delapril is a fixed-dose combination treatment that significantly reduces elevated BP with once-daily administration. It is well tolerated and has ancillary properties, such as nephroprotective activity and improvement of fibrinolytic balance, which may help reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, particularly in high-risk patients, such as those with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine & Dermatology Hospital Clinic, Villarroel 170.08036, Barcelona, Spain. acoca@clinic.ub.es
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coca
mesh_terms: D001795:Blood Pressure Determination; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004095:Dihydropyridines; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D007189:Indans / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D009578:Nitrobenzenes; D010879:Piperazines; D011379:Prognosis; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D004095:Dihydropyridines; D007189:Indans; D009578:Nitrobenzenes; D010879:Piperazines; C054218:manidipine; C047759:delapril