The value of joint aspirations in the diagnosis and management of arthritis in a hospital-based rheumatology service.
BACKGROUND
Although joint aspiration with synovial fluid analysis is useful in the diagnosis of crystal or septic arthritis, the frequency with which it provides a diagnosis or aids subsequent management of patients with arthritis has not been well quantified. We therefore evaluated the usefulness of joint aspiration in the diagnosis and management of patients with arthritis in a hospital-based rheumatology service.


METHODS
We reviewed records of all patients with joint aspiration performed by an inpatient rheumatology service in a tertiary referral hospital from November 2003 to December 2004. Data were extracted on the frequency with which joint aspiration provided a diagnosis or aided management.


RESULTS
Among 76 patients [mean +/- standard deviation (SD), 60.9 +/- 15.9 years; 41 males, 35 females, Chinese (50), Malay (20), Indian (4) and others (2)] with 86 joint aspirations, a definitive diagnosis was obtained in 44% of procedures which showed gout (n = 28), septic arthritis (n = 8) or pseudogout (n = 2). In another 47% of procedures, joint aspiration aided diagnosis by allowing categorisation of synovial fluid as inflammatory (n = 25), non-inflammatory (n = 16) or blood-stained (n = 2). Joint(s) aspirated were knees (71%), ankles (15%), elbows (8%), shoulders (2%) and wrists, metacarpo-phalangeal and metatarso-phalageal (approximately 1% each).


CONCLUSIONS
Joint aspiration provides a definitive diagnosis or information that aids diagnosis in a significant number of patients in a hospital-based rheumatology service.
Chong
Yong Yeow
YY
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
Fong
Kok Yong
KY
Thumboo
Julian
J
D000368:Aged; D001168:Arthritis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D001170:Arthritis, Infectious / Q000175:diagnosis; D002805:Chondrocalcinosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006073:Gout / Q000175:diagnosis; D006748:Hospital Departments; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012219:Rheumatology; D012846:Singapore; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*