title: [Treating lupus nephritis: guideline from the Italian Society of Nephrology].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The current 3rd edition of the Italian Society of Nephrology guidelines has been drawn up to summarize evidence of key intervention issues on the basis of systematic reviews (SR) of randomized trials (RCT) or RCT data only. In the present guideline, evidence of lupus nephritis (LN) treatment is presented.
  
  
  METHODS
  SR of RCT and RCT on different therapeutic options for LN were identified referring to a Cochrane Library and Renal Health Library search (2005 update).
  
  
  RESULTS
  One SR of 25 RCT and 6 further RCT were available to address this issue. Methodological quality of available RCT was suboptimal according to current methodological standards. In LN patients, combining cyclophosphamide (CyA) and steroids as induction therapy results in a reduced risk of serum creatinine doubling compared to steroids alone, although there is no evidence of significant survival advantage and risk of ovarian failure was demonstrated (evidence from SR). The association of azathioprine (Aza) and steroids significantly reduces the risk of all-cause mortality compared to steroids alone (evidence from SR). No significant survival advantages from the association of plasma exchange and CyA or Aza are proven (evidence from SR). No significant differences on renal and survival endpoints are demonstrated with different dosing of CyA (evidence from RCT).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In LN patients available evidence supports the hypothesis that immunosuppressive agents reduce the risk of all-cause mortality and the risk of progressive renal disease. Further studies are necessary to test new immunosuppressive agents such as mycophenolate mofetil in severe LN patients.
authors.affiliation: Italian Society of Nephrology - Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stratta
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Canavese
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lupo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pozzi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Passerini
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cagnoli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Manno
authors.forename: G F M
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Strippoli
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D001379:Azathioprine