title: Single-site mutations in the carboxyltransferase domain of plastid acetyl-CoA carboxylase confer resistance to grass-specific herbicides.
abstract: Grass weed populations resistant to aryloxyphenoxypropionate (APP) and cyclohexanedione herbicides that inhibit acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase; EC 6.4.1.2) represent a major problem for sustainable agriculture. We investigated the molecular basis of resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides for nine wild oat (Avena sterilis ssp. ludoviciana Durieu) populations from the northern grain-growing region of Australia. Five amino acid substitutions in plastid ACCase were correlated with herbicide resistance: Ile-1,781-Leu, Trp-1,999-Cys, Trp-2,027-Cys, Ile-2,041-Asn, and Asp-2,078-Gly (numbered according to the Alopecurus myosuroides plastid ACCase). An allele-specific PCR test was designed to determine the prevalence of these five mutations in wild oat populations suspected of harboring ACCase-related resistance with the result that, in most but not all cases, plant resistance was correlated with one (and only one) of the five mutations. We then showed, using a yeast gene-replacement system, that these single-site mutations also confer herbicide resistance to wheat plastid ACCase: Ile-1,781-Leu and Asp-2,078-Gly confer resistance to APPs and cyclohexanediones, Trp-2,027-Cys and Ile-2,041-Asn confer resistance to APPs, and Trp-1,999-Cys confers resistance only to fenoxaprop. These mutations are very likely to confer resistance to any grass weed species under selection imposed by the extensive agricultural use of the herbicides.
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Queensland, Gatton 4343, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Wenjie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Dion K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: Dominika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chalupska
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gornicki
authors.forename: Chris C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: O'donnell
authors.forename: Steve W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Adkins
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haselkorn
authors.forename: Richard R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase / Q000235:genetics*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution / Q000235:genetics*; D001315:Australia; D018554:Avena / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics; D053209:Herbicide Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018087:Plastids / Q000235:genetics*; D017354:Point Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017385:Sequence Homology; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase