title: Selective upregulation and amplification of the lysyl oxidase like-4 (LOXL4) gene in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: Members of the lysyl oxidase family (LOX) are copper and lysyl-tyrosine quinone cofactor-containing amine oxidases that are important for the assembly and maintenance of components of the extracellular matrix. Our previous results demonstrated that a novel member, LOXL4, is overexpressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) compared to normal squamous epithelium. Results of the current study showed overexpression of the LOXL4 transcript in 74% (46 of 62) of invasive HNSCC tumours and 90% of both primary and metastatic HNSCC cell lines. Significant correlation was found between LOXL4 expression and local lymph node metastases versus primary tumour types (p<0.01) and higher tumour stages (p<0.01). Immunocytochemistry demonstrated cellular overexpression of the LOXL4 protein that correlated with the increased mRNA transcription in HNSCC cells. HNSCC cell lines displayed in significant subset of nuclei increased copies of the LOX4 gene locus on chromosome 10q24, demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Extensive metaphase cytogenetic analysis was performed on UTSCC19A cells, identifying an isochromosome i(10)(q10). Taken together, these results highlight LOXL4 expression as a distinctive trait and suggest a functional role for LOXL4 in the molecular pathogenesis of invasive head and neck carcinomas.
authors.affiliation: Division of Experimental Oncology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kiel, Germany. gorogh@hno.uni-kiel.de
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Görögh
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Weise
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Holtmeier
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rudolph
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hedderich
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gottschlich
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ambrosch
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Csiszar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015152:Blotting, Northern / Q000379:methods; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000556:secondary; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002879:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10; D020732:Cytogenetic Analysis; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000201:enzymology; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008249:Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; C445682:LOXL4 protein, human; D008249:Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase