title: Induced time-reversal symmetry breaking observed in microwave billiards.
abstract: Using reciprocity, we investigate the breaking of time-reversal (T) symmetry due to a ferrite embedded in a flat microwave billiard. Transmission spectra of isolated single resonances are not sensitive to T violation, whereas those of pairs of nearly degenerate resonances do depend on the direction of time. For their theoretical description a scattering matrix model from nuclear physics is used. The T-violating matrix elements of the effective Hamiltonian for the microwave billiard with the embedded ferrite are determined experimentally as functions of the magnetization of the ferrite.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dietz
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Friedrich
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Harney
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miski-Oglu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Weidenmüller