title: Cyclosporin A and FK506 inhibit IL-12p40 production through the calmodulin/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human monocytic cells.
abstract: Cyclosporine-A (CyA) and FK506 are potent immunosuppressive agents because of their ability to suppress the production of Th1 cytokines including interleukin (IL)-12. However, the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects of CyA and FK506 on the production of IL-12p40, a critical component of IL-12, remain unknown. Both CyA and FK506 are potent inhibitors of calcineurin in the calcium signaling pathway. Interestingly, calcium and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathways have been shown to negatively regulate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine IL-12p40 production. Contrary to these observations, we show that LPS-induced IL-12p40 production in human monocytic cells is positively regulated by the calcium pathway and in particular by calmodulin-(CaM) and CaM-dependent protein kinase-II (CaMK-II)-activated PI3K. Furthermore, LPS-induced IL-12p40 production was regulated by the p110alpha catalytic subunit of PI3K. Moreover, LPS induced IL-12p40 production through the CaM/CaMK-II-activated NFkappaB and AP-1 transcription factors. LPS-induced IL-12p40 production is known to be regulated by the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. Importantly, both CyA and FK506 down-regulated LPS-induced IL-12p40 transcription by inhibiting CaM/CaMK-II-activated PI3K and their downstream transcription factors NFkappaB and AP-1 independent of the JNK pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Biochemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Sasmita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: Katrina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gee
authors.forename: Jyoti P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: Devki
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nandan
authors.forename: Neil E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Reiner
authors.forename: Jonathan B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Angel
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019703:Calcineurin / Q000378:metabolism; D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053762:Interleukin-12 Subunit p40 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D002147:Calmodulin; C500879:IL12B protein, human; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D053762:Interleukin-12 Subunit p40; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D016572:Cyclosporine; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; D019703:Calcineurin; D016559:Tacrolimus