title: Comparison of thoracic pedicle screw to hook instrumentation for the treatment of adult spinal deformity.
abstract: METHODS
  Retrospective, case-control, matched cohort.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Compare the radiographic and clinical outcomes of adult spinal deformity patients treated with thoracic pedicle screw (TPS) or thoracic hook constructs.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The efficacy of TPS instrumentation for pediatric spinal deformity correction has been established. Little is known about TPS use in adult spinal deformity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six patients (average age, 49 years; average follow-up, 3.58 years) were treated with TPS or thoracic hook constructs for coronal (n = 20) or sagittal (n = 36) plane deformities. Patients were evaluated radiographically and with SRS scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Coronal deformities treated with TPS demonstrated improved main thoracic curve correction compared with hook constructs at last follow-up (24.8 degrees vs. 13.8 degrees; P < 0.05), despite having larger (59.8 degrees vs. 44.9 degrees; P < 0.05) and more rigid preoperative curves (29.3% vs. 44.9% correction on side-bending radiographs; P < 0.001). Sagittal deformities treated with TPS constructs demonstrated greater thoracolumbar kyphosis correction than hook constructs at last follow-up (12.1 degrees vs. 2.5 degrees; P < 0.05). No TPS patient had a thoracic pseudarthrosis. Four hook patients (14%) had thoracic pseudarthroses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TPS instrumentation allows greater coronal and sagittal plane correction and may reduce the risk of thoracic pseudarthrosis compared with hook constructs when treating adult spinal deformities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: R Shay
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Bess
authors.forename: Lawrence G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Lenke
authors.forename: Keith H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Bridwell
authors.forename: Gene
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cheh
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mandel
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sides
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001863:Bone Screws; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D011542:Pseudarthrosis / Q000209:etiology; D011859:Radiography; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013121:Spinal Curvatures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000209:etiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome