title: Compensatory dynamics are rare in natural ecological communities.
abstract: In population ecology, there has been a fundamental controversy about the relative importance of competition-driven (density-dependent) population regulation vs. abiotic influences such as temperature and precipitation. The same issue arises at the community level; are population sizes driven primarily by changes in the abundances of cooccurring competitors (i.e., compensatory dynamics), or do most species have a common response to environmental factors? Competitive interactions have had a central place in ecological theory, dating back to Gleason, Volterra, Hutchison and MacArthur, and, more recently, Hubbell's influential unified neutral theory of biodiversity and biogeography. If competitive interactions are important in driving year-to-year fluctuations in abundance, then changes in the abundance of one species should generally be accompanied by compensatory changes in the abundances of others. Thus, one necessary consequence of strong compensatory forces is that, on average, species within communities will covary negatively. Here we use measures of community covariance to assess the prevalence of negative covariance in 41 natural communities comprising different taxa at a range of spatial scales. We found that species in natural communities tended to covary positively rather than negatively, the opposite of what would be expected if compensatory dynamics were important. These findings suggest that abiotic factors such as temperature and precipitation are more important than competitive interactions in driving year-to-year fluctuations in species abundance within communities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, P.O. Box 5050, Saint John, NB, Canada E2L 4L5. jeffhoul@unbsj.ca
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Houlahan
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Currie
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cottenie
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Cumming
authors.forename: S K M
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ernest
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Findlay
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Fuhlendorf
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gaedke
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Legendre
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Magnuson
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: McArdle
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Muldavin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Noble
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Willis
authors.forename: I P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Woiwod
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wondzell
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D003163:Competitive Behavior; D017753:Ecosystem; D004777:Environment; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011157:Population Dynamics