title: Prevalence of markers of heart failure in patients with atrial fibrillation and the effects of ximelagatran compared to warfarin on the incidence of morbid and fatal events: a report from the SPORTIF III and V trials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who also have heart failure have a worse outcome but the diagnosis of heart failure is often missed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of warfarin and ximelagatran on morbidity and mortality in patients with AF with and without markers of heart failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data for 7329 patients from two randomised controlled trials were merged. Treatment with loop diuretics or the presence of left ventricular dysfunction, were used as markers of possible heart failure. The 3555 (49%) patients with markers of heart failure had higher composite event rates on warfarin (10.81% per year [py] [95% CI 9.59 to 12.13]) compared to the 3774 (51%) patients without markers of heart failure (4.18% py [95% CI 3.44 to 5.01]). The composite event rate was lower on ximelagatran overall (6.18% py [95% CI 5.51 to 6.89] versus 7.34% py [95% CI 6.63 to 8.10] on warfarin; P=0.0219 for the difference) with similar effects in each trial and in patients with and without markers of heart failure, mainly due to fewer heart-failure events (hazard ratio 0.69 [95% CI 0.54 to 0.87]; P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with markers of heart failure, even if the diagnosis is not well established, are at increased risk of thromboembolic events and might be targeted for more effective antithrombotic therapy. This might include patients in sinus rhythm as well as AF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kingston-upon-Hull, UK. j.g.cleland@hull.ac.uk <j.g.cleland@hull.ac.uk>
authors.forename: John G F
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Cleland
authors.forename: Rhiddian
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shelton
authors.forename: Nikolay
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nikitin
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Frison
authors.forename: Margaretha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grind
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D001384:Azetidines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001596:Benzylamines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D049994:Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015996:Survival Rate; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D014859:Warfarin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D001384:Azetidines; D001596:Benzylamines; D049994:Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; C426686:ximelagatran; D014859:Warfarin