title: Rapid detection of early typhoid fever in endemic community children by the TUBEX O9-antibody test.
abstract: Typhoid remains a global public health problem, and quick accurate immunodiagnosis is needed. Here, we examined the performance of the 5-min TUBEX O9-antibody detection kit in 243 outpatients (mostly children and infants) in their first week of fever and 57 healthy subjects in the Bangladesh community. Based on culture results, TUBEX was 91.2% (31/34) sensitive and 82.3% (172/209) specific in febrile subjects. However, specificity was better in nonfebrile healthy subjects (89.5%, 51/57) or in febrile individuals who serologically had dengue fever (90.5%, 57/63), suggesting that some culture-negative febrile individuals could be truly typhoidal. These individuals were also positive in an anti-crude O9 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the Widal test. Regression analysis of the TUBEX and ELISA results showed good concordance between them, better with the combined IgM-IgG ELISA than with IgM alone, suggesting that TUBEX detects IgM antibodies not necessarily by themselves, as previously reported, but with the help of IgG antibodies.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Sciences Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. mahbubur@icddrb.org
authors.forename: Mahbubur
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Abul Kasem
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Siddique
authors.forename: Frankie Chi-Hang
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharmin
authors.forename: Harunur
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rashid
authors.forename: Anwarul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.forename: Sirajuddin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Gopinath Balkrish
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: Claire-Lise
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chaignat
authors.forename: Pak-Leong
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood*; D001459:Bangladesh; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003715:Dengue / Q000150:complications; D019353:Endemic Diseases; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012698:Serologic Tests / Q000379:methods; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial