Measurement of symptoms following sports-related concussion: reliability and normative data for the post-concussion scale.
It is important to carefully evaluate self-reported symptoms in athletes with known or suspected concussions. This article presents data on the psychometric and clinical properties of a commonly used concussion symptom inventory-the Post-Concussion Scale. Normative and psychometric data are presented for large samples of young men (N = 1,391) and young women (N = 355). In addition, data gathered from a concussed sample of athletes (N = 260) seen within 5 days of injury are presented. These groups represent samples of both high school and collegiate athletes. Data from a subsample of 52 concussed athletes seen 3 times post-injury are presented to illustrate symptom reporting patterns during the initial recovery period. General guidelines for the clinical use of the scale are provided.
Lovell
Mark R
MR
UPMC Center for Sports Medicine; 3200 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA. lovellmr@upmc.edu
Iverson
Grant L
GL
Collins
Michael W
MW
Podell
Kenneth
K
Johnston
Karen M
KM
Pardini
Dustin
D
Pardini
Jamie
J
Norwig
John
J
Maroon
Joseph C
JC
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D038223:Post-Concussion Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012737:Sex Factors