Cytokines and cell adhesion receptors in the regulation of immunity to Trypanosoma cruzi.
Pathophysiology of Chagas' disease is not completely defined, although innate and adaptative immune responses are crucial. In acute infection some parasite antigens can activate macrophages, and this may result in pro-inflammatory cytokine production, nitric oxide synthesis, and consequent control of parasitemia and mortality. Cell-mediated immunity in Trypanosoma cruzi infection is also modulated by cytokines, but in addition to parasite-specific responses, autoimmunity can be also triggered. Importantly, cytokines may also play a role in the cell-mediated immunity of infected subjects. Finally, leukocyte influx towards target tissues is regulated by cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular matrix components which may represent potential therapeutic targets in infected patients. Here we will discuss recent findings on the role of cytokines, chemokines and extracellular matrix components in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity during T. cruzi infection.
Savino
Wilson
W
Laboratory of Thymus Research, Department of Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ave. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. savino@fiocruz.br
Villa-Verde
Déa Maria S
DM
Mendes-da-Cruz
Daniella Areas
DA
Silva-Monteiro
Elizangela
E
Perez
Ana Rosa
AR
Aoki
María del Pilar
Mdel P
Bottasso
Oscar
O
Guiñazú
Natalia
N
Silva-Barbosa
Suse Dayse
SD
Gea
Susana
S
D000818:Animals; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000276:immunology*; D014355:Chagas Disease / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018925:Chemokines / Q000276:immunology*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018512:Parasitemia / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi / Q000276:immunology*
D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D018925:Chemokines