title: Enhancing race-based prescribing precision with pharmacogenomics.
abstract: In the world of medicine and therapeutics, race and ethnicity might reasonably be considered as biomarkers or predictors of drug effect. Recognizing that all biomarkers are imperfect, self-reported race can be viewed as a complex combination of genetic and nongenetic biomarkers that is used by prescribing physicians as a predictor of drug effect. The use of pharmacogenetic markers, such as haplotypes, patterns of candidate genes, and specific genotypes, may be used to enhance the precision of race-based prescribing and, when possible, should be combined with nongenetic predictors of responses to optimize the individualization of therapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. annnguye@iupui.edu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Desta
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Flockhart
mesh_terms: D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000639:trends*; D005006:Ethnicity; D006801:Humans; D010597:Pharmacogenetics / Q000639:trends*; D044469:Racial Groups