title: Is the cyclic GMP system underestimated by intensive care and emergency teams?
abstract: At present, the clinical management inflammatory vasoplegia associated to sepsis or anaphylaxis is symptomatic. Volume is expanded by means of administration of fluids, and low blood pressure is managed by means of administration of positive inotropes and vasoconstrictors. This therapeutic approach is mainly associated to the cyclic AMP (cAMP) and, many times the circulatory shock is refractory to high amines concentrations. However, beside of cAMP-dependent vasoreactivity mechanisms there are other two known vasoplegia involved mechanisms: cyclic GMP (cGMP) and hyperpolarization that is less clinically considered. Also, it is possible to speculate about 'probable vasopressin deficiency'. Methylene blue (MB) is the most useful and clinically safe cGMP blocker. We propose a decision tree for diagnosis and institution of this therapeutical approach many times underestimate by intensive care and emergency teams.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. prbevora@netsite.com.br
authors.forename: Paulo Roberto Barbosa
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Evora
authors.forename: Alfredo José
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Walter Vilella de Andrade
authors.initials: WV
authors.lastname: Vicente
authors.forename: Yvone Avalloni de Andrade
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Vicente
authors.forename: Solange
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basseto
authors.forename: Anibal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basile Filho
authors.forename: Verena K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Capellini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001775:Blood Circulation; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000378:metabolism; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods*; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D007773:Lactates / Q000378:metabolism; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000494:pharmacology; D008954:Models, Biological; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D012769:Shock / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D007773:Lactates; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D008751:Methylene Blue; D009638:Norepinephrine