title: Associations between schizotypal features and indicators of neurological and morphological abnormalities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Limited research suggests that subtle neurological and morphological abnormalities that have been documented in patients with schizophrenia also may be associated with schizotypal traits in non-psychiatric samples. Based on the notion that neurological soft signs (NSS) may mark a genetic diathesis, this study hypothesized that NSS scores would be related to the level of schizotypy in relatives of schizophrenia patients and in controls. Additionally, associations between MPA scores and schizotypy were explored in these two groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients and 38 controls with no personal or family history of psychosis were assessed for schizotypy using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Disorders schizotypal personality disorder module, as well as the self-administered Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. The Neurological Evaluation Scale and a structured examination for MPAs also were administered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean schizotypy scores did not differ between relatives and controls. Both NSS and MPAs were associated with the level of interviewer-assessed schizotypal features in controls but not in relatives of patients with schizophrenia. NSS and MPAs were not associated with self-reported schizotypy in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrate that both NSS and MPAs are associated with interview-based schizotypal traits, at least in non-psychiatric participants. Future research should seek to replicate these results in other samples of relatives and controls.
authors.affiliation: Emory University School of Medicine, USA. abollini@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Annie M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bollini
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Compton
authors.forename: Michelle L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Esterberg
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rutland
authors.forename: Victoria H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.forename: Elaine F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Walker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D003155:Community Mental Health Centers; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011596:Psychomotor Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D012569:Schizotypal Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D012678:Sensation Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires