title: Mental disorders among persons with chronic back or neck pain: results from the World Mental Health Surveys.
abstract: This paper reports cross-national data concerning back or neck pain comorbidity with mental disorders. We assessed (a) the prevalence of chronic back/neck pain, (b) the prevalence of mental disorders among people with chronic back/neck pain, (c) which mental disorder had strongest associations with chronic back/neck pain, and (d) whether these associations are consistent across countries. Population surveys of community-dwelling adults were carried out in 17 countries in Europe, the Americas, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, and the South Pacific (N=85,088). Mental disorders were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, third version (CIDI 3.0): anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder/agoraphobia, posttraumatic stress disorder, and social anxiety disorder), mood disorders (major depression and dysthymia), and alcohol abuse or dependence. Back/neck pain was ascertained by self-report. Between 10% and 42% reported chronic back/neck pain in the previous 12 months. After adjusting for age and sex, mental disorders were more common among persons with back/neck pain than among persons without. The pooled odds ratios were 2.3 [95% CI=2.1-2.5] for mood disorders, 2.2 [95% CI=2.1-2.4] for anxiety disorders, and 1.6 [95% CI=1.4-1.9] for alcohol abuse/dependence in people with versus without chronic back/neck pain. Although prevalence rates of back/neck pain were generally lower than in previous reports, mental disorders were associated with chronic back/neck pain. The strength of association was stronger for mood and anxiety disorders than for alcohol abuse/dependence. The association of mental disorders with back/neck pain showed a consistent pattern across both developed and developing countries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences and Psychiatry, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, PR China Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca University, Saldarriaga Concha Foundation, Colombia Fondation MGEN pour la Sante Publique, Paris, France Department of Psychiatry, University of Leipzig, Germany Research and Planning, Mental health services, Ministry of Health, Israel Department of Mental Health, AUSL di Bologna, Italy Nagasaki International University Graduate School, Nagasaki, Japan Institute for Development, Research, and Applied Care (IDRAC), Lebanon Psiquiatria scola de Medicina da Santa Casa de Misericordia de Vitoria (EMESCAM), Brazil Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Otago University Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Sant Joan de Deu-SSM, Barcelona, Spain SUNY Stony Brook, United States Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States Health Services Research Unit, Institut Municipal d'Investigacio Medica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain Center for Health Studies, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, United States.
authors.forename: Koen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Demyttenaere
authors.forename: Ronny
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bruffaerts
authors.forename: Sing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Posada-Villa
authors.forename: Vivianne
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kovess
authors.forename: Matthias C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Angermeyer
authors.forename: Daphna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levinson
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Girolamo
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakane
authors.forename: Zeina
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mneimneh
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lara
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Graaf
authors.forename: Kate Margaret
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Oye
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gureje
authors.forename: Dan J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Josep Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Haro
authors.forename: Evelyn J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Bromet
authors.forename: Ronald C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Von Korff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001416:Back Pain / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015897:Comorbidity; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors