title: Rapid activation of CLOCK by Ca2+-dependent protein kinase C mediates resetting of the mammalian circadian clock.
abstract: In mammals, immediate-early transcription of the Period 1 (Per1) gene is crucial for resetting the mammalian circadian clock. Here, we show that CLOCK is a real signalling molecule that mediates the serum-evoked rapid induction of Per1 in fibroblasts through the Ca2+-dependent protein kinase C (PKC) pathway. Stimulation with serum rapidly induced nuclear translocation, heterodimerization and Ser/Thr phosphorylation of CLOCK just before the surge of Per1 transcription. Serum-induced CLOCK phosphorylation was abolished by treatment with PKC inhibitors but not by other kinase inhibitors. Consistently, the interaction between CLOCK and PKC was markedly increased shortly after serum shock, and the Ca2+-dependent PKC isoforms PKCalpha and PKCgamma phosphorylated CLOCK in vitro. Furthermore, phorbol myristic acetate treatment triggered immediate-early transcription of Per1 and also CLOCK phosphorylation, which were blocked by a Ca2+-dependent PKC inhibitor. These findings indicate that CLOCK activation through the Ca2+-dependent PKC pathway might have a substantial role in phase resetting of the circadian clock.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Hong Seok
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Hyunjung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jiwon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Gi Hoon
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: Sehyung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Tae H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Sang Hyeon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Dong-Seung
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Seen
authors.forename: Kun Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyungjin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000818:Animals; D056926:CLOCK Proteins; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000235:genetics*; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D021381:Protein Transport; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D005136:Eye Proteins; C539023:Per1 protein, mouse; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D056926:CLOCK Proteins; C538944:Clock protein, mouse; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate