title: Submillimeter isotropic resolution carotid wall MRI with swallowing compensation: imaging results and semiautomated wall morphometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess a swallowing-compensated, three-dimensional (3D) diffusion-prepared segmented steady-state free precession (3D Nav-D-SSFP) technique for carotid wall MRI with 0.6-mm isotropic spatial resolution, and its utility for semiautomated carotid wall morphometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  The carotid arteries of seven healthy volunteers (N=14) were imaged with 3D Nav-D-SSFP and black-blood T2-weighted (T2w) two-dimensional (2D) fast spin-echo (FSE). Carotid wall-lumen contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was measured with both sequences. Measurement of carotid wall area (WA) and lumen area (LA) made in a semiautomated manner off of the 3D Nav-D-SSFP images were compared to those made manually.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adjusted for voxel volume and number of slices, a near six-fold improvement in CNR per unit time was achieved with 3D Nav-D-SSFP relative to 2D T2w FSE (P<0.001). Manual and semiautomated measurements of carotid WA and LA on the 3D Nav-D-SSFP images were highly correlated (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)=0.961 and 0.996, respectively; P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  3D Nav-D-SSFP is a time-efficient, swallowing-compensated, black-blood technique that lends itself for semiautomated measurements of carotid WA and LA that are in good agreement with manual measurements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA. ioannis.koktzoglou@gmail.com
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Koktzoglou
authors.forename: Debiao
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D003679:Deglutition; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted