title: Low-dose spironolactone in the management of resistant hypertension: a surveillance study.
abstract: METHODS
  We have conducted an open observational study of the use of spironolactone 25-50 mg in the management of patients with resistant hypertension. This drug was recommended in 133 patients who were already receiving an angiotensin-blocking drug in addition to other therapies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of these, three defaulted from follow-up and 11 could not tolerate spironolactone. We therefore have outcome data on 119 patients. The addition of spironolactone (median dose 25 mg) was associated with a mean (SD) fall in systolic blood pressure of 21.7 mmHg (24.0; P < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure of 8.5 mmHg (14.9; P < 0.001). In two patients spironolactone had to be discontinued on account of a rise of serum potassium to above 6.0 mmol/l, whereas overall the mean increase in serum potassium was 0.3 mmol/l.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With careful monitoring of plasma electrolytes, spironolactone at a low dose is an effective add-in drug in patients with hypertension resistant to a regime that includes an angiotensin-blocking agent.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Medicine, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Deirdre A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: D Gareth
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Beevers
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D013148:Spironolactone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; D013148:Spironolactone