title: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
abstract: The description of organized thrombus in major pulmonary arteries can be found in autopsy reports dating back to the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Not until the 1950s was the antemortem diagnosis and clinical syndrome of chronic thrombotic obstruction of the major pulmonary arteries better characterized. The first surgical attempt to remove the adherent thrombus from the vessel wall occurred in 1958. This operation provided the conceptual foundation for the distinction between acute and chronic thromboembolic disease of the pulmonary vascular bed, and established that an endarterectomy, and not an embolectomy, would be necessary if a surgical remedy for this disease was to be successful.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9300 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. bauger@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Auger
authors.forename: Nick H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kim M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.forename: Victor J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Test
authors.forename: Peter F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Fedullo
mesh_terms: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000032:analysis; D000077300:Bosentan; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004691:Endarterectomy; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005082:Physical Exertion; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017131:Thrombectomy
chemical_list: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000077300:Bosentan