title: Evaluation of botulinum toxin therapy of spastic equinus in paediatric patients with cerebral palsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a clinical and instrumental protocol to assess the postural and dynamic effects following treatment with botulinum neurotoxin A in children with cerebral palsy affected by spastic equinus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Open study, in which every patient served as his or her own control.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten sequential children with cerebral palsy and spastic dynamic equinus foot.
  
  
  METHODS
  Botulinum neurotoxin A was injected in the gastrocnemius, soleus and tibialis posterior muscles. The main measures were: pedobarometry, dynamic surface electromyography, video gait analysis scale, and the modified Ashworth Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After treatment with botulinum neurotoxin A, pedobarometric evaluation revealed a significant change in all parameters, including a decrease in the modified Ashworth Scale and an increase in the range of motion. All children showed significant improvement in initial foot contact, as documented by the video gait analysis scale. The calf muscle electromyography pattern showed a decrease in co-contraction during gait in all children. These modifications were statistically significant for all parameters considered (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pilot study suggests that dynamic electromyography and pedobarometry are simple to use and provide useful data; this protocol could be preferable in young and uncooperative children in order to monitor rehabilitation treatments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Sciences and Vision Neurological Rehabilitation Section, Policlinico GB Rossi, Piazzale Scuro 10, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. paolo.manganotti@univr.it
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Manganotti
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zaina
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Falso
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Milanese
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fiaschi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D004576:Electromyography; D004863:Equinus Deformity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A