title: Stroke epidemiology, prevention, and management strategies at a regional level: Latin America and the Caribbean.
abstract: Stroke is a major health problem in Latin American and Caribbean countries. In this paper, we review the epidemiology, aetiology, and management of stroke in the region based on a systematic search of articles published in Spanish, Portuguese, and English. Stroke mortality is higher than in developed countries but rates are declining. Population-based studies show variations in incidence of strokes: lower rates of ischaemic stroke and similar rates of intracranial haemorrhages, compared with other regions. A significant proportion of strokes in these populations can be attributed to a few preventable risk factors. Some countries have published national clinical guidelines, although much needs to be done in the organisation of care and rehabilitation. Even though the burden of stroke is high, there is a paucity of information for implementing evidence-based management. The Global Stroke Initiative, the WHO STEPS Stroke surveillance, and WHO-PREMISE projects provide opportunities for surveillance at institutional and community levels.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neurología, Departamento de Medicina, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. pablolavados@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Pablo M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Lavados
authors.forename: Anselm J M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hennis
authors.forename: Jefferson G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: Marco T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.forename: Branca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Legetic
authors.forename: Arnold
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoppe
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sacks
authors.forename: Liliana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jadue
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salinas
mesh_terms: D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy; D017691:Caribbean Region / Q000453:epidemiology; D018672:Community Health Planning / Q000592:standards; D014943:Global Health; D006291:Health Policy / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007843:Latin America / Q000453:epidemiology; D009026:Mortality; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy