title: Vaccination, seizures and 'vaccine damage'.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Concerns about the safety of vaccination have plagued the community, with reduction in vaccine uptake resulting in increased risk of epidemics. Vaccination has been implicated in the cause of febrile seizures, 'vaccine encephalopathy' and autistic spectrum disorders. Evaluation of alleged associations is complicated by evolution in the vaccination field. This review focuses on the risk of seizures following vaccination and the alleged associations of vaccination with vaccine encephalopathy and also with autism spectrum disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over the last decade the introduction of new vaccines such as the acellular pertussis vaccine has produced a reduction in seizures following vaccination, the outcome of which was benign even with older vaccines. New evidence emerged in 2006 showing that cases of alleged 'vaccine encephalopathy' are due to mutations within a sodium channel gene. The weight of epidemiological evidence does not support a relationship between vaccination and childhood epileptic encephalopathies or autism spectrum disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vaccines are safer than ever before, but the challenge remains to convey this message to society in such a way that produces change in attitudes to vaccination and subsequent increase in vaccine coverage.
authors.affiliation: Epilepsy Research Centre and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg West, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Natasha J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Samuel F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Berkovic
authors.forename: Ingrid E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Scheffer
mesh_terms: D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D012640:Seizures / Q000209:etiology*; D014611:Vaccination / Q000009:adverse effects*