title: Target therapy using a small molecule inhibitor against angiogenic receptors in pancreatic cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  PD173074, a small molecule inhibitor of VEGF-RII and FGF-RI, targets neoangiogenesis and mitogenesis. This study aimed to analyze a single-compound-driven inhibition of FGF and VEGF receptors in pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  RT-PCR and Western blots were performed to quantify protein expression and phosphorylation. Anchorage dependent and independent growth assays were used to study cell growth. With flow cytometry, cell cycle analysis and apoptosis were studied. In vivo HPAF-II and MIA PaCa-2 cells were xenografted. Animals were treated daily for 10 weeks. Immunohistochemistry was used to quantify microvessel density and apoptosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Highest levels of FGF-RI were detectable in MIA PaCa-2 cells, lowest in HPAF-II cells. PD173074 inhibited cell growth most prominently in cells expressing high levels of FGF-RI. Cell cycle progression was inhibited by blocking transition in the G(0)/G(1) phase, and consequently, apoptosis was increased. In vivo significant inhibition of orthotopic tumor growth was achieved by a combination effect of inhibition of mitogenesis, induction of apoptosis, and reduction of angiogenesis in PD173074-treated animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data highlight VEGF-RII and FGF-RI as therapeutic targets and suggest a potential role for the combined use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the management of inoperable pancreatic cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6904, USA.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Büchler
authors.forename: Howard A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Reber
authors.forename: Mendel M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shiroishi
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Friess
authors.forename: Oscar J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Hines
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000098:blood supply / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000187:drug effects / Q000637:transplantation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051496:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014410:Tumor Stem Cell Assay; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C115711:PD 173074; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011743:Pyrimidines; C496348:FGFR1 protein, human; D051496:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2