title: Primary and acquired drug resistance in childhood tuberculosis.
abstract: This study determined the resistance pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to 4 first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs in children with pulmonary tuberculosis at the Iranian National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases from 1999 to 2004. There were 350 children with positive cultures over the study period: 7 (2%) were resistant to at least one of the 4 anti-tuberculosis drugs. Primary resistance was detected in 4 cases and secondary resistance in 3 cases. Most cases (6) were among Afghan refugees. Resistance to rifampicin both in primary and secondary resistances was high, showing that children in the Islamic Republic of Iran face the threat of drug-resistant tuberculosis transmission.
authors.affiliation: National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Massih Daneshvari Hospital, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khalilzadeh
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Boloorsaz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Safavi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Farnia
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Velayati
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000346:Afghanistan / Q000208:ethnology; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D002669:Child Welfare / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004977:Ethambutol / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005750:Gastric Juice / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012036:Refugees / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012293:Rifampin / Q000009:adverse effects; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D013307:Streptomycin / Q000009:adverse effects; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D004977:Ethambutol; D007538:Isoniazid; D012293:Rifampin; D013307:Streptomycin