title: High-risk ED patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage undergoing emergency or urgent endoscopy: a retrospective analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The optimal timing of interventional endoscopy within the initial 24 hours remains controversial. We designed a retrospective study to compare the outcomes between emergency endoscopy (EE) and urgent endoscopy (UE) for high-risk patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage presenting to the emergency department (ED).
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of 189 patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage who underwent endoscopy within 24 hours of admission to the ED were reviewed. Patients were divided into 2 groups: EE group (<8 hours) or UE group (8-24 hours). We compared the endoscopic findings, hemostatic procedures, rate of hemostasis, rebleeding, need for transfusion, length of hospitalization, and mortality between the 2 groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 88 patients (47%) in the EE group and 101 patients (53%) in the UE group. Ulcers with active bleeding or exposed vessel were found more frequently in the EE group than in the UE group (19% vs 8%, P = .03; 34% vs 12%, P < .001). Fifty patients had blood retention in the stomach, especially in the EE group (40% vs 15%, P < .001). Forty-four (50%) patients in the EE group and 21 (21%) patients in the UE group received endoscopic interventions. Combination modalities of endoscopic hemostasis were more commonly used in the EE group than in the UE group (40% vs 15%, P < .001). Primary hemostasis was achieved at a rate of 95% in both groups. There was no statistical difference regarding the rate of recurrent bleeding, total amount of transfusion, length of hospital stay, and mortality rate in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although more active lesions were detected and more therapeutic attempts were performed in the EE group, the outcome showed no difference in both groups. Emergency endoscopy performed less than 8 hours after arrival to the ED showed no definite benefit in comparison with UE performed within 8 to 24 hours.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chi-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: Shih-Pei
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Hsiu-Po
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Tsung-Chun
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chi-Yang
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Chia-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Ching-Tai
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tsung-Hsien
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Jaw-Town
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Ming-Shiang
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015897:Comorbidity; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013624:Taiwan; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome