title: Higher radiation dose with a shorter treatment duration improves outcome for locally advanced carcinoma of anal canal.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether radiation dose and duration of treatment influence local control and survival of patients with locally advanced anal cancer treated with definitive chemoradiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight consecutive patients who were treated with definitive radiation therapy for bulky anal cancers (> 5 cm in size) were reviewed. Nineteen patients had T3 lesions, 8 patients had T4 lesions, and 15 patients had lymph node involvement. The median tumor size was 7.5 cm. All but one patient received concurrent chemoradiation. The median radiation dose was 54 Gy. The median duration of treatment was 58 d.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With a median follow-up of 2.5 years in all patients and 7.8 years in living patients, the 2-year local recurrence-free probability was 57% and overall survival rate was 67%. Neither radiation dose nor duration of treatment alone was predictive of either time to local failure or overall survival. However, longer treatment breaks can potentially mask an advantage over higher radiation doses. Therefore, we examined those patients who received >or= 54 Gy within 60 d, comparing them to the rest of the patients. Of patients who received >or= 54 Gy within 60 d, local progression-free probability was 89% versus 42% for the rest of the group (P=0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Local failure is a significant problem in locally advanced carcinomas of the anal canal. Higher radiation doses with limited treatment breaks may offer an increase in local control and survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Suite H1031, PO Box 1708, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Divisidero St, San Francisco, CA 941151708, USA.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Daphne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Haas-Kogan
authors.forename: Vivian
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Weinberg
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krieg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011379:Prognosis; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016685:Mitomycin; D005472:Fluorouracil