title: Left ventricular (LV) geometry and dipping state are determinants of LV mass reduction with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor antihypertensive treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Left ventricular hypertrophy is a major risk predictor in hypertensive patients and its regression is beneficial in terms of prognosis. The aim of this observational, open-labeled study was to investigate the effect of left ventricular geometry and dipping pattern on left ventricular mass reduction after chronic treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, in a large population of hypertensive patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated untreated patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension, before and 6 months after treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor monotherapy or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-low-dose thiazide combination. Left ventricular mass index, relative wall thickness and geometry pattern were derived from echocardiography. Dipping state was determined with 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring at enrollment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, left ventricular mass index decrease in the 1400 patients (mean age 52.5 years) who completed the study was 12.9% of baseline value (P<0.00001). After adjusting for pretreatment value, left ventricular mass index reduction was similar with all angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors used [P= NS (not significant)], but it was higher in nondippers than dippers (14.1 vs. 12.3%, P<0.0001) and in patients with than without baseline left ventricular hypertrophy (14.6 vs. 11.3%, P<0.0001). We observed a stepwise augmentation of left ventricular mass index decrease with worsening left ventricular geometry (P<0.001). In multivariable analysis, impaired left ventricular geometry and blunted nocturnal blood pressure fall before treatment were independent predictors of a high left ventricular mass index reduction after treatment, independent of blood pressure fall, pretreatment left ventricular mass index, and other potential confounders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In essential hypertension, left ventricular geometry and dipping state are independent determinants of left ventricular mass reduction with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment. All angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are efficient in decreasing left ventricular mass.
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Cardiology, University of Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Kyparissias 14, Kato Acharmes, 13571 Athens, Greece. conazna@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Konstantinos A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Aznaouridis
authors.forename: Gregory P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Vyssoulis
authors.forename: Eva A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Karpanou
authors.forename: Andreas G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Marinakis
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Barbetseas
authors.forename: Alexandra I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Zervoudaki
authors.forename: Dennis V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Cokkinos
authors.forename: Christodoulos I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Stefanadis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors