title: Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is an early biomarker for renal tubulointerstitial injury in IgA nephropathy.
abstract: Renal tubulointerstitial injury plays an important role in the development of IgA nephropathy (IgAN), the most common form of glomerulonephritis. Few currently in use biomarkers can sensitively detect the earliest signs of renal tubular injury, hindering our efforts to launch preventive and therapeutic measures for this disorder in a timely manner. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is an acute phase protein that is rapidly released from not only neutrophils but also a variety of cell types upon inflammation and tissue injury. Its small molecular size and protease resistance could render it an excellent biomarker of renal injury in IgAN. In this study, we tested this hypothesis by measuring urinary levels of NGAL, creatinine and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) in 40 healthy individuals and 70 IgAN patients with various disease severities. The urinary NGAL levels and NGAL/creatinine values were significantly upregulated in Lee grade III IgAN patients, in correlation with progressive glomerular mesangial proliferation and tubulointerstitial injury. Compared with urinary NAG levels, the urinary NGAL levels elevated much more drastically and can be readily detected even in Lee grade II IgAN patients when their NAG levels showed almost no change. Our findings suggest the promising use of urinary NGAL as an early biomarker for tubulointerstitial injury of IgA nephropathy and perhaps other types of renal disease in general.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 40038, PR China.
authors.forename: Hanlu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Yani
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Kailong
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jurong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Wenda
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D005922:Glomerulonephritis, IGA / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins; D008297:Male; D050527:Mesangial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000652:urine; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine*; D012372:ROC Curve; D029757:Tripterygium / Q000737:chemistry; D014859:Warfarin / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000925:Anticoagulants; D001552:Benzazepines; D015415:Biomarkers; C489506:LCN2 protein, human; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D014859:Warfarin; D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase; C044946:benazepril