title: [The contribution of cognitive-behavioural therapies to smoking cessation].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Behavioural therapies have been developed on the basis of Pavlov's and Skinner's learning theories. They have recently benefited from advances in the understanding of information handling and the organisation of perceptions of experience. It is for these two reasons that these treatments are called cognitive behaviour therapies (CBT). They have now achieved an important role in the treatment of addictions including tobacco smoking. Currently CBT's are seen as promising because they rely on cognitive restructuring combined with learning of new behaviour while following a process appropriate to the changing dynamic of the smoker.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  They have recently been recognised as of grade A effectiveness by the French Institute of Medical Research and may be recommended to all smokers whose primary intention is to stop. The establishment of a collaborative rapport and a therapeutic attitude are essential. They may be used during the three stages of cessation: preparation, stopping, and the prevention of relapse. A personalised functional analysis provides the patient with a management program using behavioural and, above all, cognitive techniques. The ideal is to combine a pharmacological and an optimised cognitive-behavioural approach.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The management of smoking patients has advanced with the understanding of a very complex problem, often associated with anxiety-depressive co-morbidities and other addictions. Tobacco specialists, psychiatrists, cognitive-behavioural therapists and addiction therapists must work together in the future, particularly in respect of research protocols.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cognitive-behavioural therapy is a useful technique in the personalisation and optimisation of management of the patient, particularly in the prevention of relapse. However, the evaluation of CBT is difficult methodologically and there are few studies evaluating CBT alone. On the other hand, CBT is effective, particularly where there are anxiety or depressive co-morbidities or other addictions that are found more and more frequently during consultations for tobacco smoking.
authors.affiliation: Centre de tabacologie, Centre hospitalier, Béziers, France. philippe.guichenez@ch-beziers.fr
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guichenez
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Clauzel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cungi
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Quantin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Godard
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Clauzel
mesh_terms: D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D006801:Humans; D012907:Smoking / Q000628:therapy*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*