title: Cultural understandings of resilience: roots for wings in the development of affective resources for resilience.
abstract: The authors examine one of the precursors of positive development: attachment. Attachment and the positive growth it portends for populations of children under stress underpins positive developmental outcomes now termed "resilience." Resilience may be understood as a process of adaptation to adversity that is scaffolded by environmental, cultural, social, psychologic, and physiologic processes. The authors focus on two methodologically different approaches to studying attachments that contribute to resilient functioning at two different phases of development (toddlerhood and adolescence). The authors examine the cultural differences found in manifestations of resilience in different countries and cultures. Organized around this theme of attachment, the authors identify adaptive factors in resistance to risk from adverse circumstances. The authors strive to identify how the adaptation involved in attachment relations can protect against vulnerability. The authors conclude with a description of the processes that might help us to understand situational, experiential, and personal resources that intersect to protect the developing individual against assaults on normal growth and development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4. acameron@psych.ubc.ca
authors.forename: Catherine Ann
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ungar
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liebenberg
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D002170:Canada; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D003469:Culture; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007558:Italy; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D009769:Object Attachment; D010568:Peru; D012307:Risk Factors; D012931:Social Environment; D013785:Thailand; D014421:Turkey; D006113:United Kingdom; D014481:United States