title: Increased formation of hepatic N2-ethylidene-2'-deoxyguanosine DNA adducts in aldehyde dehydrogenase 2-knockout mice treated with ethanol.
abstract: N2-ethylidene-2'-deoxyguanosine (N2-ethylidene-dG) is a major DNA adduct induced by acetaldehyde. Although it is unstable in the nucleoside form, it is relatively stable when present in DNA. In this study, we analyzed three acetaldehyde-derived DNA adducts, N2-ethylidene-dG, N2-ethyl-2'-deoxyguanosine (N2-Et-dG) and alpha-methyl-gamma-hydroxy-1,N2-propano-2'-deoxyguanosine (alpha-Me-gamma-OH-PdG) in the liver DNA of aldehyde dehydrogenase (Aldh)-2-knockout mice to determine the influence of alcohol consumption and the Aldh2 genotype on the levels of DNA damage. In control Aldh2+/+ mice, the level of N2-ethylidene-dG adduct in liver DNA was 1.9 +/- 0.7 adducts per 10(7) bases and was not significantly different than that of Aldh2+/- and -/- mice. In alcohol-fed mice (20% ethanol for 5 weeks), the adduct levels of Aldh2+/+, +/- and -/- mice were 7.9 +/- 1.8, 23.3 +/- 4.0 and 79.9 +/- 14.2 adducts per 10(7) bases, respectively, and indicated that adduct level was alcohol and Aldh2 genotype dependent. In contrast, an alcohol- or Aldh2 genotype-dependent increase was not observed for alpha-Me-gamma-OH-PdG, and N2-Et-dG was not detected in any of the analyzed samples. In conclusion, the risk of formation of N2-ethylidene-dG in model animal liver in vivo is significantly higher in the Aldh2-deficient population and these results may contribute to our understanding of in vivo adduct formation in humans.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. matsuda@eden.env.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tomonari
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kanaly
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Misaki
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shibutani
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawamoto
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
authors.forename: Keiichi I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Katsumaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tomokuni
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ichiba
mesh_terms: D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; D000818:Animals; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D018736:DNA Adducts / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D000431:Ethanol / Q000633:toxicity*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D018736:DNA Adducts; C525837:N2-ethylidene-2'-deoxyguanosine; D000431:Ethanol; C515029:ALDH2 protein, mouse; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; D003849:Deoxyguanosine