title: Reheating of soy oil is detrimental to bone metabolism in oestrogen deficient rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The short-term and long- term effects of heated soy oil on bone metabolism in ovariectomised Sprague-Dawley rats were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three-month-old female rats, were divided into five groups: normal control (NC); ovariectomised control (OVXC); ovariectomised and fed rat chow with added fresh soybean oil (SOF) or once-heated soy oil (SO1) or five-times-heated soy oil (SO5). Short-term parameters measured after one month were serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and osteocalcin. Long-term parameters measured after six months were the structural bone histomorphometrical parameters. Vitamin E content in the soy oil subjected to the different heating treatments were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rats in the SO5 group had higher levels of IL-6 after one month compared to the other four groups. Osteocalcin levels in the SO1 and SO5 groups remained high after treatment, while those in the NC and SOF groups declined. After six months, bone mass declined in the SO5 group. Vitamin E assay in the oils showed that levels of alpha-tocopherol decreased after heating the oil once and five times, while levels of gamma- and delta-tocopherols only declined after heating five times.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Repeated heating of soy oil destroyed the tocopherols causing raised serum IL-6 and osteocalcin levels, leading to increased bone resorption and osteoporosis in the long term.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia. imasoel@medic.ukm.my
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ima-Nirwana
authors.forename: S Nazrun
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Yee
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Loh
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Yew
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Norazlina
authors.forename: M T Gapor
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Abdul
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kamsiah
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000097:blood; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000378:metabolism; D010052:Ovariectomy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024505:Tocopherols / Q000032:analysis*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D015675:Osteocalcin; D014810:Vitamin E; D013024:Soybean Oil; D024505:Tocopherols