[Medical treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting].
Patients consider nausea and vomiting among the worst side effects of chemotherapy. This paper reviews the development of antiemetics during the past 12 years, focusing on the neurokinin (NK)1-receptor antagonist, aprepitant, and the new 5-HT3-receptor antagonist palonosetron. Evidence-based recommendations for prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting are given. Antiemetics are effective in prevention of vomiting, but less effective against nausea. Therefore studies with potential new antiemetics, such as olanzapine and ghrelin are awaited with suspense.
Herrstedt
Jørn
J
Herlev Hospital, Onkologisk Afdeling R. herrstedt@dadlnet.dk
D000932:Antiemetics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000077608:Aprepitant; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D054439:Ghrelin; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017829:Granisetron / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009025:Morpholines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D064729:Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists; D000077152:Olanzapine; D000077924:Palonosetron; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011812:Quinuclidines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control
D000932:Antiemetics; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000077608:Aprepitant; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D003907:Dexamethasone; D054439:Ghrelin; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D017829:Granisetron; D007546:Isoquinolines; D009025:Morpholines; D064729:Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists; D000077152:Olanzapine; D000077924:Palonosetron; D036361:Peptide Hormones; D011812:Quinuclidines; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists