title: Prevalence of lower extremity venous disease in inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has long been considered a risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Whereas most patients have persistent venous valvular dysfunction following lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT), we hypothesized that patients with IBD would have an increased prevalence of valvular incompetence and changes of chronic DVT (reduced venous caliber with thickened walls) relative to patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or normal volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects with confirmed IBD, clinical features of IBS or normal volunteers underwent complete, prospective duplex ultrasound assessment of their lower extremity venous vascular system. The sonographer performing the venous study was blinded to the clinical diagnosis of the patients. Valvular incompetence was graded as mild, moderate or severe based on accepted criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty patients with IBD (ulcerative colitis, UC: 66; Crohn's disease: 14), 80 patients with IBS, and 80 healthy volunteers agreed to participate. One patient with UC was found to have non-occlusive chronic DVT within the left superficial femoral vein. Mild and moderate valvular incompetence was evenly distributed between the 3 groups. No patients met criteria for either acute DVT or severe venous incompetence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with IBD, neither valvular incompetence nor chronic venous obstruction are over-represented compared to patients with IBS or normal volunteers. In this prospective assessment of venous physiology by duplex ultrasound, we were not able to confirm prior reports that IBD is a major risk factor for VTE.
authors.affiliation: Department and Clinic of Angiology, Diabetology and Hypertension, University Medical School of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gosk-Bierska
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: McBane
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Waszczuk
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Paradowski
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Wysokinski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*