title: Thrombotic microangiopathy in a sirolimus-treated renal transplant patient receiving gemcitabine for lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many etiologies lead to thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), amongst which are antineoplastic chemotherapies. Gemcitabine, a nucleoside analogue, has been approved for the treatment ofbladder and advanced non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC). The reported incidence of gemcitabine-associated TMA in the literature is low, ranging from 0.015-0.31%.
  
  
  METHODS
  Herein, we describe the first reported case of gemcitabine-induced TMA in a renal transplant patient. This occurred in a 54-year-old male transplant recipient undergoing sirolimus-based immunosuppression. In February 2005, he was diagnosed to have NSCLC, for which he received dual chemotherapy, including carboplatin and gemcitabine. After the third cycle he developed TMA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On admission, he presented with weakness, edema, normal blood pressure, leucopenia (2440/mm3), thrombopenia (11,000/mm3), hemolytic anemia with hemoglobin at 8 g/dl, schistocytes between 18-33% per hundred, increase in lactate dehydrogenase at 600 IU/l (N <380), and decreased haptoglobin at 0.29 g/l. Renal function was stable: serum creatinine was 1.3 mg/dl, albuminemia 30 g/l, proteinuria was present at 3 g/l in association with microscopic hematuria, and sirolimus trough level was 6.4 ng/ml. Treatment included infusions of fresh frozen plasma, withdrawal of sirolimus, which was replaced by mycophenolate mofetil, and suspension of chemotherapy. He fully recovered from TMA within 4 weeks. The concomitant use of sirolimus, which inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor, plus gemcitabine may have resulted in TMA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Multiorgan Transplantation, CHU Rangueil-Larrey, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Courtellemont
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guitard
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mehrenberger
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pontier
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ribes
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kamar
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Modesto
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rostaing
mesh_terms: D000743:Anemia, Hemolytic / Q000139:chemically induced*; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D020123:Sirolimus; D000093542:Gemcitabine