title: Physical disability due to musculoskeletal conditions.
abstract: Musculoskeletal conditions (MSC) are common throughout the world and their impact on individuals is diverse and manifold. Knowledge of the determinants for disability and of strategies for prevention and rehabilitation management according to the scientific evidence is critical for reducing the burden of MSC. The first section of this chapter reviews the evidence for common determinants of functioning and disability in patients with MSC. We have focussed on environmental factors (EF) and personal factors (PF) and have structured them according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework. The second section discusses prevention strategies. Generally, prevention needs to address those EF and PF that were presented in the first section. The final section describes modern principles of rehabilitation and reviews the evidence for specific rehabilitation interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany, and Hospital Geral de Santo António, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weigl
authors.forename: Alarcos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cieza
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cantista
authors.forename: Gerold
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stucki
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D001510:Bed Rest; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D006801:Humans; D006875:Hydrotherapy; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D010348:Patient Care Team