title: Pulmonary disposition of erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin in foals.
abstract: The objectives of the present study were to determine and compare the pulmonary disposition of azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin in foals. A single dose (10 mg/kg) of azithromycin, clarithromycin, or erythromycin was administered intragastrically to six healthy 1- to 3-month-old foals using an orthogonal design. Activity of the drugs was measured in serum, pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF), and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells by use of a microbiologic assay. Peak drug activity in PELF was significantly higher in foals treated with clarithromycin (48.96+/-13.26 microg/mL) than in foals treated with azithromycin (10.00+/-7.46 microg/mL). Quantifiable erythromycin activity in PELF was only found in two of six foals. Peak drug activity in BAL cells was not significantly different between azithromycin (49.92+/-26.94 microg/mL) and clarithromycin (74.20+/-45.80 microg/mL) but activity for both drugs was significantly higher than that of erythromycin (1.02+/-1.11 microg/mL). Terminal half-life of azithromycin in serum (25.7+/-15.4 h), PELF (34.8+/-30.9 h), and BAL cells (54.4+/-17.5 h) was significantly longer than that of both clarithromycin and erythromycin. Peak azithromycin and clarithromycin activity was significantly higher in BAL cells, followed by PELF, and serum. In contrast, peak erythromycin activity in BAL cells was not significantly different from that of serum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Suarez-Mier
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giguère
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018893:Bronchoalveolar Lavage / Q000662:veterinary; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses / Q000378:metabolism*; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004917:Erythromycin; D017963:Azithromycin; D017291:Clarithromycin