title: Local excision of rectal tumours by transanal endoscopic microsurgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) allows locally complete excision of rectal tumours and provides an alternative to conventional surgery for benign tumours. However, its role in the curative treatment of invasive carcinoma is controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the morbidity and long-term results for rectal tumours excised by TEM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between February 1993 and January 2005, 200 patients underwent TEM for excision of adenomas (148) or carcinomas (52). The median tumour distance from the anal verge was 8 (range 1-16) cm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mortality and morbidity rates were 0.5 and 14.0 per cent respectively. At a median follow-up of 33 (range 2-133) months, local recurrence had developed in 11 patients (7.6 per cent) with an adenoma. Histological examination of carcinomas revealed pathological tumour (pT) stage 1 in 31 patients, pT2 in 17 and pT3 in four. Immediate salvage surgery was performed in seven patients (13 per cent). At a median follow-up of 34 (range 1-102) months, eight patients (15 per cent) with carcinomas had developed local recurrence. The overall and disease-free 5-year survival rates for patients with carcinomas were 76 and 65 per cent respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TEM is an appropriate surgical treatment option for benign rectal tumours. For carcinomas, it is oncologically safe provided that resection margins are clear, but strict patient selection is required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bretagnol
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Merrie
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: B F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Mortensen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D018579:Patient Selection; D011351:Proctoscopy / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome