title: A cardiovascular drug rescues mice from lethal sepsis by selectively attenuating a late-acting proinflammatory mediator, high mobility group box 1.
abstract: The pathogenesis of sepsis is mediated in part by bacterial endotoxin, which stimulates macrophages/monocytes to sequentially release early (e.g., TNF, IL-1, and IFN-gamma) and late (e.g., high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein) proinflammatory cytokines. The recent discovery of HMGB1 as a late mediator of lethal sepsis has prompted investigation for development of new experimental therapeutics. We found that many steroidal drugs (such as dexamethasone and cortisone) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and indomethacin) failed to influence endotoxin-induced HMGB1 release even at superpharmacological concentrations (up to 10-25 microM). However, several steroid-like pigments (tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, and cryptotanshinone) of a popular Chinese herb, Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza), dose dependently attenuated endotoxin-induced HMGB1 release in macrophage/monocyte cultures. A water-soluble tanshinone IIA sodium sulfonate derivative (TSNIIA-SS), which has been widely used as a Chinese medicine for patients with cardiovascular disorders, selectively abrogated endotoxin-induced HMGB1 cytoplasmic translocation and release in a glucocorticoid receptor-independent manner. Administration of TSNIIA-SS significantly protected mice against lethal endotoxemia and rescued mice from lethal sepsis even when the first dose was given 24 h after the onset of sepsis. The therapeutic effects were partly attributable to attenuation of systemic accumulation of HMGB1 (but not TNF and NO) and improvement of cardiovascular physiologic parameters (e.g., decrease in total peripheral vascular resistance and increase in cardiac stroke volume) in septic animals. Taken together, these data re-enforce the pathogenic role of HMGB1 in lethal sepsis, and support a therapeutic potential for TSNIIA-SS in the treatment of human sepsis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, New York University School of Medicine, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Mala
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ashok
authors.forename: Rongqian
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Dazhi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Lihong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Tracey
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Andrew E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Sama
authors.forename: Haichao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; C104200:Hbp1 protein, rat; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins; D010616:Phenanthrenes; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C024894:tanshinone II A sodium sulfonate