title: Pedal bypass grafting on arteriographically invisible foot arteries detected by duplex ultrasound for limb salvage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study the long-term outcomes in patients undergoing pedal bypass grafting were evaluated and the risk of graft occlusion was related to whether, preoperatively, the pedal arteries were visualized by angiography or not and were only detected by duplex ultrasonography.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2000-2005, 81 pedal bypass grafts were performed in patients with chronic critical lower-limb ischemia, of which 54 (66.7%) had diabetes. Tissue loss (SVS/ISCVS-category 5) was recorded in 68 (84%) limbs and rest pain (SVS/ISCVS-category 4) in 13 (16%) limbs. In 24 limbs (29.6%) bypass grafts were implanted on the pedal arteries that had not been visualized by preoperative angiography, but had been detected only by duplex ultrasound.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the follow-up (median, 17 months; range, 3-69 months), 18 grafts (22.2%) failed. Seven limbs had to be treated by early thrombectomy, which resulted in long-term graft patency and limb salvage. The early postoperative mortality rate was 2.5%. Cumulative primary and secondary graft patency rates, and limb-salvage rates were 70.2%, 80.2% and 82.4%, respectively. No significant difference in graft occlusion was found between the patients with visible and those with not visible pedal arteries on preoperative arteriograms (Fisher's exact test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Duplex ultrasonography is a reliable modality for detection of target pedal arteries not visualized by preoperative arteriography and it helps reduce the number of patients with non-operable arterial occlusion disease by about 25%.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, St. Anne's Teaching Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. robert.staffa@fnusa.cz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Staffa
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kríz
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gregor
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vlachovský
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vojtísek
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hofírek
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000792:Angiography; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D001158:Arteries / Q000637:transplantation; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000601:surgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005528:Foot / Q000098:blood supply*; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia; D023821:Limb Salvage / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex; D014654:Vascular Patency; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods