title: A pilot study for rehabilitation of central executive deficits after traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An impairment of the central executive system (CES) of working memory (WM) is a common consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI), and may also explain deficits in divided attention, long-term memory and executive functions. Here we investigated the efficacy of a rehabilitative program (working memory training: WMT) targeting the CES in improving WM and other cognitive functions dependent on this system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine TBI patients with severe WM deficits underwent the WMT (experimental training). The WMT was preceded by a general stimulation training (GST; control training). Patients' cognitive performance was evaluated at the admission, after the GST and at the end of the WMT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Whereas the GST had no effect on patients' performance, after the WMT patients improved in all the cognitive functions dependent on the CES, but not in those functions not thought to tap this system. Importantly, a beneficial WMT effect was found on patients' everyday life functioning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results support the efficacy of the WMT in recovering CES impairments.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli Studi di Bologna.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Serino
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ciaramelli
authors.forename: Anna Di
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Santantonio
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Malagù
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Servadei
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Làdavas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000523:psychology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D016896:Treatment Outcome