title: [Functional amblyopia: a functional MRI evaluation of the visual cortex response after treatment].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Functional MRI evaluation of the cortical response in treated amblyopic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and functional MRI exploration of ten patients, seven men and three women aged from 21 to 59 years, with strabismus management during childhood. Functional evaluations were performed on a 1.5 Tesla MR device, with four monocular functional sessions, two stimulations per eye. Alternating rest and active phases displayed still and flickering black and white checkerboards with spatial and temporal frequencies of 1 degree/8Hz and 15'/4Hz. Anatomical realignment and statistical analysis were performed using SPM99 (Statistical Parametric Mapping) to compare the four sessions in individuals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients presenting a visual acuity of the amblyopic eye less than 0.7, stimulation of this eye induced lower response in V1, V3, and V5 in comparison with the contralateral eye stimulation. Unexpectedly, in patients recovering normal or subnormal acuity, the amblyopic eye gave comparable or enhanced response in these areas. Additional response was found in the secondary visual cortex, the cuneus, the lingual gyrus, and in parietal, frontal, and orbitofrontal areas. These results suggest a variation in cortical response depending on the efficacy of the treatment. Recovered amblyopic eye, even with acuity less than the contralateral eye, may induce a reinforced cortical sensitivity to visual stimulus. Secondary visual areas may contribute to an attentional process in image perception and analysis. Cortical plasticity may be observed several years after amblyopia treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study substantiates the importance of an effective and early treatment of functional amblyopia, inducing cortical plasticity with reinforced attention and sensitivity to visual perception.
authors.affiliation: Département de Neuro-Imagerie, CHNO des XV-XX, UPMC P6, CNRS UMR 6569, UPR 2147, Paris, France. thnguyenfr@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Stiévenart
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Le Gargasson
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Rigolet
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Blanck
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pélégrini-Issac
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Iba-Zizen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bellinger
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abanou
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitahara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Benali
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Cabanis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000550:Amblyopia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology; D013285:Strabismus / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*