title: Nitrite inhalant use among young gay and bisexual men in Vancouver during a period of increasing HIV incidence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nitrite inhalants ("poppers") are peripheral vasodilators which, since the beginning of the epidemic, have been known to increase risk for acquiring HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM). However, few studies in recent years have characterized use. From 1999 to 2004, new HIV diagnoses among MSM in British Columbia increased 78%, prompting us to examine the prevalence and correlates of this modifiable HIV risk factor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-administered questionnaires were completed between October 2002 and May 2004 as part of an open cohort study of HIV-seronegative young MSM. We measured nitrite inhalant use during the previous year and use during sexual encounters with casual partners specifically. Correlates of use were identified using odds ratios.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 354 MSM surveyed, 31.6% reported any use during the previous year. Nitrite inhalant use during sexual encounters was reported by 22.9% of men and was strongly associated with having casual partners, with greater numbers of casual partners (including those with positive or unknown serostatus) and with anal intercourse with casual partners. Nitrite inhalant use was not associated with non-use of condoms with casual sexual partners per se.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contemporary use of nitrite inhalants amongst young MSM is common and a strong indicator of anal intercourse with casual sexual partners. Since use appears to increase the probability of infection following exposure to HIV, efforts to reduce the use of nitrite inhalants among MSM should be a very high priority among HIV prevention strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Care and Epidemiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. tlamp@telus.net
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Lampinen
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mattheis
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Hogg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001727:Bisexuality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001955:British Columbia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D015994:Incidence; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D009573:Nitrites; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D047568:Unsafe Sex / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs; D009573:Nitrites