title: Wolman's disease: The King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Wolman's disease is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease. A recent review indicates that approximately 50 patients have been reported in the world. Reports of patients from the Arabian peninsula are rare due to lack of awareness among pediatricians.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the clinical, radiological, biochemical and histopathological findings of four Saudi patients diagnosed with Wolman's disease at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre. The diagnosis was confirmed by deficient acid lipase activity in the leukocytes and fibroblasts, which was measured using 4-methylumbelliferyl palmitate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients were failing to thrive with progressive hepatosplenomegaly. Abdominal x-ray revealed calcifications which were confirmed on abdominal CT scan. Peripheral blood film showed vacuolated lymphocytes and the bone marrow aspiration showed foamy histiocytes. Liver biopsy in one patient showed marked steatosis and elliptical empty clefs predominantly in the Kupffer cells, indicating cholesterol storage in the reticulo-endothelial cells. The acid lipase activity was less than 6% in all patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In all suspected cases of Wolman's disease, a plain abdominal x-ray should be obtained to check for the typical pattern of adrenal calcification characteristic of the disease, especially in any young infant with failure to thrive and progressive hepatosplenomegaly.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Radiology, Biological and Medical Research. King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al Essa
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nounou
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakati
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Le Quesne
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Archibald
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Ozand