title: Bioactivity-guided fractionation for anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties and constituents of Xanthium strumarium L.
abstract: The aim of this study was to fractionate an extract of Xanthium strumarium L. (EXS) and to investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of the extract and its fractions. The ethanol extract of X. strumarium (EXS) was fractionated on the basis of polarity. Among the different fractions, the n-butanol fraction showed the highest anti-inflammatory activity in the croton-oil-induced ear edema test and furthermore reduced the number of writhings induced by acetic acid in mice in a dose-dependent manner. This indicates that the n-butanol fraction of X. strumarium possesses potent analgesic effects which are likely to be mediated by its anti-inflammatory activity. Bioassay-guided fractionation of EXS led to the isolation and identification of ten caffeoylquinic acids and three heterocyclics by HPLC-DAD-MS(n) from the active n-butanol fraction, implying that the active compounds are polar in nature. The isolated caffeoylquinic acids could partially explain the antinociceptive effect of X. strumarium polar extract.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: H-L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Q-Y
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: H-C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: L-P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Qin
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D051379:Mice; D031210:Xanthium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents