title: The TGFbeta1-induced fibronectin in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells is p38 MAP kinase dependent and Smad independent.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFbeta1) is a fibrokine implicated in the progression of renal fibrosis. Following TGFbeta1 receptor activation, a number of signalling pathways are stimulated. This study investigates the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and Smad pathways in the TGFbeta1-induced fibronectin (FN) production.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transformed human proximal tubular epithelial cells of the line HKC were used. Secreted FN was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Smad proteins by Western blotting. Chemical inhibitors were used to study the role of p38 MAP kinase and the TGFbeta receptor ALK5. The Smad pathway was studied using a cell line overexpressing Smad7 and small interfering RNAs (siRNA). The FN mRNA expression was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TGFbeta1 produced a significant increase in FN secretion in both HKC and Smad7-HKC cells, and the p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB202190 markedly reduced this (n = 3, p < 0.05 and p < 0.01). ALK5 inhibition also reduced the TGFbeta1-induced FN (n = 3, p < 0.05). Smad knockdown using the siRNA did not reduce the TGFbeta1-induced FN secretion. TGFbeta1 induced FN mRNA expression in HKC cells, and SB202190 decreased this induction (n = 5, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that TGFbeta1-induced FN production in HKC cells is p38 MAP kinase dependent and Smad independent. Targeting p38 MAP kinase may be of therapeutic value in renal fibrosis.
authors.affiliation: South West Thames Institute for Renal Research, St Helier Hospital, Carshalton, UK.
authors.forename: Ioana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Niculescu-Duvaz
authors.forename: Mysore K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Phanish
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Colville-Nash
authors.forename: Mark E C
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Dockrell
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051785:Smad Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005353:Fibronectins; D051785:Smad Proteins; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases