title: Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 during thermophilic anaerobic digestion of manure from dairy cattle.
abstract: Inactivation of the pathogenic Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 and a non-pathogenic E. coli strain isolated from dairy cattle manure was evaluated with batch tests at 50 and 55 degrees C in biosolids from a thermophilic anaerobic digester treating the manure. Using differential-selective plating on sorbitol-MacConkey (SMAC) agar to quantify E. coli, the decline in concentrations of both the sorbitol-negative (putative E. coli O157:H7) and sorbitol-positive (putative non-pathogenic E. coli) organisms followed a model that assumed there was a heat-sensitive fraction and a heat-resistant fraction. Inactivation rates of the heat-sensitive fractions were similar for both colony types at each temperature, suggesting that wild-type E. coli can be used as an indicator of inactivation of serotype O157:H7. The decimal reduction time for the heat-sensitive fractions was in the order of 10min at 55 degrees C and ranged from approximately 1-3h at 50 degrees C. Concentrations of heat-resistant organisms at 55 degrees C were 1.4-1.7log(10)cfu/mL. Confirmatory analyses conducted on 30 randomly selected colonies of heat-resistant sorbitol-negative cells from treatment at 55 degrees C indicated that none were serotype O157:H7, nor were they E. coli. Similar analyses on 10 sorbitol-negative isolates from untreated manure indicated that none were serotype O157:H7, although 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that eight were E. coli or closely related enteric bacteria. These findings suggest that plating on differential-selective media to quantify E. coli, including serotype O157:H7, in effluent samples from thermophilic anaerobic digestion can lead to false positive results. Therefore, more specific methods should be used to evaluate the extent of thermal inactivation of both pathogenic and non-pathogenic E. coli in manure treatment systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7431, USA. mike_aitken@unc.edu
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Aitken
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Sobsey
authors.forename: Nicole A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Van Abel
authors.forename: Kimberly E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Blauth
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Singleton
authors.forename: Phillip L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Crunk
authors.forename: Cora
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.forename: Glenn W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Walters
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000818:Animals; D019149:Bioreactors; D002417:Cattle; D004203:Disinfection; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008372:Manure / Q000382:microbiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000032:analysis; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D008372:Manure; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S