title: Psychopharmacology and applied behavioral analysis: tandem treatment of severe problem behaviors in intellectual disability and a case series.
abstract: Many individuals with intellectual disability will at some time in their lives engage in problem behaviors that may place them and others at risk, and reduce their opportunities for healthy psychosocial functioning. These behaviors may reach severe proportions in both intensity and frequency, necessitating intervention. Both psychiatrists and behaviorists are often approached regarding negative behaviors in intellectual disability, and each discipline offers key tools in behavioral assessment and resolution. We believe that the coordinated effort of these two disciplines affords the most comprehensive and efficacious method of assessing, understanding and treating a wide range of problem behaviors and associated psychiatric pathology in individuals with various forms of intellectual disability. This paper briefly reviews the background of problem behaviors in intellectual disability and treatment of such disturbances through separate psychiatric and applied behavioral modalities, followed by the proposed coordinated neurobehavioral model. A case series ensues, describing the successful application of the neurobehavioral model to the severe problem behaviors demonstrated by three individuals with intellectual disability related to autism, Cornelia de Lange syndrome and traumatic brain injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Neurobehavioral Unit, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. wachtel@kennedykrieger.org
authors.forename: Lee E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Wachtel
authors.forename: Louis P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Hagopian
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D020208:Brain Injury, Chronic / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003635:De Lange Syndrome / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012917:Social Adjustment
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs