title: Soluble RAGE but not endogenous secretory RAGE is associated with albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Total circulating soluble receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (sRAGE) and a more defined endogenous secretory splice variant of the receptor (esRAGE) were shown to be associated with different markers of cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes. Since previous data were partly divergent, the aim of this study was to compare sRAGE and esRAGE in a head-to-head analysis in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with albuminuria.
  
  
  METHODS
  sRAGE and esRAGE were studied in plasma of 110 T2DM patients using enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays (ELISA) detecting either sRAGE or esRAGE only. Both sRAGE and esRAGE were compared with regard to applicability as markers for vascular disease and glucose control in T2DM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In bivariate analysis, sRAGE correlated with age (R = 0.22, p = 0.02) and the 24 hour albumin excretion rate (R = 0.18, p = 0.05), while esRAGE correlated positively with age only (R = 0.23, p = 0.02). In contrast to previous reports, neither sRAGE nor esRAGE correlated with glucose control or intima-media-thickness (IMT) as a predictor of macrovascular disease. In multivariate regression models, the associations between sRAGE and albuminuria as well as esRAGE and age were shown to be independent of glucose control, diabetes duration, body-mass index, glomerular filtration rate, blood pressure and gender.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study comparing sRAGE and esRAGE as markers of vascular complications in patients with T2DM. sRAGE but not esRAGE is independently associated with albuminuria in these patients while neither sRAGE nor esRAGE are associated with markers of glucose control or macrovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Germany. per.humpert@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: Per M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Humpert
authors.forename: Zdenka
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Djuric
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kopf
authors.forename: Gottfried
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rudofsky
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morcos
authors.forename: Peter P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Nawroth
authors.forename: Angelika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bierhaus
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic