title: Presence and phenotype of dendritic cells in uveal melanoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Uveal melanoma arises in an immune-privileged site and can itself add to the immunosuppressive environment. Previous studies on cutaneous melanoma have shown the presence of tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs), which could play an important role in the progression of the tumour.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the presence and functional status of DCs in a small series of uveal melanomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  10 cases of uveal melanoma were examined for the expression of FXIIIa, CD68, human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR, CD40, CD83, transforming growth factor betaR1 and indolamine 2,3 dioxygenase by immunohistochemical analysis on sections embedded in paraffin wax.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CD68-positive macrophages were present in all of the tumours and were evenly distributed throughout. DCs expressing FXIIIa-positive were seen in 7 cases, and were often found concentrated in foci within the tumour mass. These cells were dendritic and expressed high levels of HLA-DR. The DCs did not express the maturation markers CD83 or CD40. In one case, concentration of DCs around the area of tumour necrosis was observed, and some of these cells expressed CD83.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Numerous tolerising antigen-presenting cells may play a role in melanoma-related immunosuppression in the eye, although activation of DCs may be associated with tumour necrosis.
authors.affiliation: Translational Oncology Research Centre, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Southwick Hill, Portsmouth PO6 3LY, UK. marta.polak@porthosp.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Marta E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Polak
authors.forename: Nicola J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Borthwick
authors.forename: Penny
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hungerford
authors.forename: Bernie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: Silvana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Di Palma
authors.forename: Martine J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Jager
authors.forename: Ian A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Cree
mesh_terms: D030201:Activin Receptors, Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017951:Antigen Presentation; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D048430:Cell Shape; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis / Q000276:immunology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D014604:Uveal Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D000097382:CD68 Molecule
chemical_list: D030201:Activin Receptors, Type I; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; C067980:CD68 antigen, human; D000097382:CD68 Molecule