Antiviral therapy in neonatal cholestatic cytomegalovirus hepatitis.
BACKGROUND
Neonatal hepatitis refers to a heterogeneous group of disorders, caused by many factors including cytomegalovirus infection, revealing similar morphologic changes in the liver of an infant less than 3 months of age. Approximately 40% of cholestasis in infants is due to neonatal hepatitis. It may cause latent or acute cholestatic or chronic hepatitis, including cirrhosis in immunocompetant infant.


METHODS
Twelve infants diagnosed with neonatal cytomegalovirus hepatitis in the last one year were included in the study. Group 1 consisted of seven babies treated with ganciclovir for 21 days. Group 2 included five cases who did not receive antiviral treatment. Physical examination, biochemical, serologic and virologic tests were done for both groups at the time of diagnosis and in the third month.


RESULTS
Initial levels of total bilirubin, aminotransferases, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, and alkaline phosphatase revealed a significant decrease after the treatment in Group 1 (p < 0.05) when compared with Group 2. This study revealed that ganciclovir treatment is a safe and effective in cases with cholestatic hepatitis. Similarly, all the patients in the treatment group had evidence of improvement serologically and virologically, while the comparison group did not reveal any significant change(p < 0.01).


CONCLUSIONS
The clinical spectrum of perinatal infection varies from an asymptomatic infection or a mild disease to a severe systemic involvement, including central nervous system. The treatment in the early period of infection improved serologic markers and cholestatic parameters significantly. Further studies will lead us to clarify the efficacy of ganciclovir treatment in the early period of cytomegalovirus hepatitis, and the preventive role of anti-viral therapy on progressive liver disease due to cholestasis and hepatitis in neonatal cytomegalovirus infection.
Ozkan
Tanju Basarir
TB
Pediatric Gastroenterology Department, Hepatology and Nutrition, Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey. ozkant@uludag.edu.tr
Mistik
Resit
R
Dikici
Bunyamin
B
Nazlioglu
Hülya Ozturk
HO
D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000032:analysis; D002780:Cholestasis, Intrahepatic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D015774:Ganciclovir / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006525:Hepatitis, Viral, Human / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D006529:Hepatomegaly / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007567:Jaundice, Neonatal / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D000637:Transaminases / Q000032:analysis; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000032:analysis
D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D000637:Transaminases; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D015774:Ganciclovir; D001663:Bilirubin