title: Pharmacokinetics after intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous administration of difloxacin in sheep.
abstract: The disposition kinetics of difloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, after intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) administration were determined in sheep at a single dose of 5mg/kg. The concentration-time data were analysed by compartmental (after IV dose) and non-compartmental pharmacokinetics method (after IV, IM and SC administration). Plasma concentrations of difloxacin were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Steady-state volume of distribution (V(ss)) and clearance (Cl) of difloxacin after IV administration were 1.68+/-0.21L/kg and 0.21+/-0.03L/hkg, respectively. Following IM and SC administration difloxacin achieved maximum plasma concentration of 1.89+/-0.55 and 1.39+/-0.14mg/L at 2.42+/-1.28 and 5.33+/-1.03h, respectively. The absolute bioavailabilities after IM and SC routes were 99.92+/-26.50 and 82.35+/-25.65%, respectively. Based on these kinetic parameters, difloxacin is likely to be effective in sheep.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain. pmarin@um.es
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marín
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fernández-Varón
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Escudero
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Cárceles
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D012756:Sheep / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; C047225:difloxacin