title: Patients' written life stories: a gateway for understanding.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore how statements drawn from patients' written life stories can help general practitioners understand their patients' maladaptive thought patterns and their negative schemata.
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative study of written life stories.
  
  
  METHODS
  General practice in Copenhagen, Denmark.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 22 consecutive patients aged 23-49 years, who were invited by their GP to participate in cognitive therapy owing to depressive or anxiety-related disorders, including unexplained bodily symptoms.
  Beck's information-processing model of anxiety.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of the written life stories disclosed aspects of negative expectations of life, the self, or the values and capabilities of others or of the patient him- or herself. Three main beliefs were identified: (1) the world is evil, (2) only the perfect is of value, and (3) emotions are dangerous. The patients describe events and experiences in negative terms that others might have interpreted as neutral or positive. For some this translated into a sort of all-or-nothing kind of thinking. Anger and other strong feelings were forbidden. Responsibility for the life of others was a dominant feature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Written life stories reveal knowledge of the patient's dysfunctional thought patterns. This may be a useful shortcut in therapy.
authors.affiliation: The General Practitioners, Borups Allé 1, 1st floor, Copenhagen N, DK-2200, Denmark. ehrenreich@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: Benny
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ehrenreich
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hilden
authors.forename: Kirsti
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Malterud
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003142:Communication; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D004644:Emotions; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D033262:Narration; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D012189:Retrospective Studies