title: Influence of pesticides on male fertility.
abstract: Several studies have shown a decline in human semen quality and increased risks of male subfertility. This paper provides an overview of the mechanisms of pesticide-induced reproductive toxicity and the effects on male fertility since exposure to pesticides may be one of the causes of these disorders. Pesticides may directly damage spermatozoa, alter Sertoli cell or Leydig cell function, or disrupt the endocrine function in any stage of hormonal regulation (hormone synthesis, release, storage, transport, and clearance; receptor recognition and binding; thyroid function; and the central nervous system). These mechanisms are described with respect to the effects of pesticide exposure in vitro and in vivo. In epidemiologic studies, effects on sperm quality and time to pregnancy are reviewed. Clear effects on male fertility have been demonstrated for some pesticides [eg, dibromochloropropane, ethylene dibromide]. But results from more recent studies are inconsistent, and no uniform conclusion can be drawn about the effects of pesticides on male reproduction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (HP 133), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands. R.Bretveld@epib.umcn.nl
authors.forename: Reini
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bretveld
authors.forename: Marijn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brouwers
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ebisch
authors.forename: Nel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Roeleveld
mesh_terms: D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005298:Fertility / Q000187:drug effects*; D005306:Fertilization / Q000187:drug effects; D006728:Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D010575:Pesticides / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012661:Semen / Q000187:drug effects; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D010575:Pesticides