Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide enhances oral tolerance by regulating both cellular and humoral immune responses.
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is an important signal molecule of the neuroendocrine-immune network. In the immune system, VIP has been found to act as an endogenous anti-inflammatory mediator. In the current study, it was found that VIP administration regulated oral tolerance by inhibiting both cellular and humoral responses. Compared with vehicle-treated mice, mice treated with VIP during the development of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced oral tolerance exhibited the least delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), showed profoundly reduced proliferative capacity and produced less interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-5, IL-10 and interferon-inducible protein (IP-10). IgA-secreting cells in the gut as well as OVA-specific IgG and other isotypes levels in plasma were inhibited significantly after VIP-treatment. The VPAC2 receptor may be involved in VIP-mediated oral tolerance enhancement. Taken together, these results suggest that VIP enhanced oral tolerance via regulating both cellular and humoral responses.
Wang
Y
Y
Department of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Mei
Y
Y
Bao
S
S
Xu
L
L
D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000276:immunology; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000032:analysis; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051239:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D051238:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
D016207:Cytokines; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051239:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II; D051238:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Type I; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D010047:Ovalbumin