Therapeutic interventions for hypertension in metabolic syndrome: a comprehensive approach.
Hypertension is a major component of the metabolic syndrome and a major cardiovascular risk factor. Both disorders are rapidly increasing in frequency, with hypertension affecting nearly 60 million Americans and over 1 billion people worldwide, and metabolic syndrome affecting 44% of the US population above the age of 60 years. Sedentary lifestyle, together with obesity and aging of the population, are the major contributing factors for this growing epidemic. Hypertension in metabolic syndrome possesses unique pathophysiological aspects that have considerable implications on therapy of this disease. In this article, we review the pathophysiology and provide a rationale for the current therapeutic options in light of the most recent clinical trials in the field.
Ganne
Sudha
S
State University of New York, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA. sudha_ganne@hotmail.com
Arora
Surender
S
Karam
Jocelyne
J
McFarlane
Samy I
SI
D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015897:Comorbidity; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology; D011379:Prognosis; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D051381:Rats; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution
D000959:Antihypertensive Agents