title: Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Petunia (Solanaceae) based on the sequence of the Hf1 gene.
abstract: Polymerase chain reaction fragment length polymorphisms and nucleotide sequences for a cytochrome P450 gene encoding flavonoid-3',5'-hydroxylase, Hf1, were studied in 19 natural taxa of Petunia. Natural Petunia taxa were classified into six groups based on major insertion or deletion events that occurred only in intron II of the locus. The maximum parsimony method was used to calculate strict consensus trees based on nucleotide sequences in selected regions of the Hf1 locus. Petunia taxa were divided into two major clades in the phylogenetic trees. Petunia axillaris (including three subspecies), P. exserta, and P. occidentalis formed a clade with 100% bootstrap support. This clade is associated with a consistently inflexed pedicel, self-compatibility in most taxa, and geographical distribution in southern and western portions of the genus range. The other clade, which comprised the remainder of the genus is, however, less supported (up to 71% bootstrap); it is characterized by a deflexed pedicel in the fruiting state (except P. inflata), self-incompatibility, and a northeastern distribution. A nuclear gene, Hf1, seems to be a useful molecular marker for elucidating the phylogeny of the genus Petunia when compared with the nucleotide sequence of trnK intron of chloroplast DNA.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Technology, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Sumei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Omori
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kokubun
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Goro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marchesi
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bullrich
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ando
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics*; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005091:Exons; D005843:Geography; D007438:Introns; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics*; D032306:Petunia / Q000145:classification* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012639:Seeds / Q000201:enzymology; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D013020:South America
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant; D010940:Plant Proteins; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; C084258:flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase