title: Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of spectinomycin after i.v., i.m., s.c. and oral administration in broiler chickens.
abstract: A pharmacokinetic and bioavailability study of spectinomycin was conducted in healthy broiler chickens following administration of a single (50 mg/kg bw) intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) dose and oral doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg bw. Following i.v. administration, the elimination half-life (t1/2beta), mean residence time (MRT), volume of distribution at steady-state (Vd(ss)), volume of distribution based on the terminal phase (Vd(z)) and total body clearance (ClB) were 1.46+/-1.10 h, 1.61+/-1.05 h, 0.26+/-0.009 L/kg, 0.34 (0.30-0.38) L/kg and 2.68+/-0.017 mL/min/kg respectively. After i.m. and s.c. dosing, the Cmax was 152.76+/-1.08 and 99.77+/-1.04 microg/mL, achieved at 0.25 (0.25-0.50) and 0.25 (0.25-1.00) h, the t1/2beta was 1.65+/-1.07 and 2.03+/-1.06 h and the absolute bioavailability (F) was 136.1% and 128.8% respectively. A significant difference in Cmax (5.13+/-0.10, 14.26+/-1.12 microg/mL), t1/2beta (3.74+/-1.07, 8.93+/-1.13 h) and ClB/F (22.69+/-0.018, 10.14+/-0.018 mL/min/kg) were found between the two oral doses (50 and 100 mg/kg bw respectively), but there were no differences in the tmax [2.00 (2.00-4.00), 2.00 (2.00-2.00) h] and Vd(z)/F [6.95 (6.34-9.06), 7.98 (4.75-10.62) L/kg). The absolute bioavailability (F) of spectinomycin was 11.8% and 26.4% after oral administration of 50 and 100 mg/kg bw respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Abu-Basha
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gehring
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Albwa'neh
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D002645:Chickens / Q000378:metabolism*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous / Q000662:veterinary; D000198:Spectinomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000198:Spectinomycin