title: Cognitive changes in Parkinson's disease patients with visual hallucinations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the decline in specific neuropsychological functions in nondemented Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with a history of visual hallucinations (VH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty PD patients with VH, 20 PD patients without VH and 18 normal controls were followed up over a 1-year period and assessed for cognitive decline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-five percent of nondemented hallucinating PD patients developed dementia during the 1-year period between baseline and follow-up evaluations. Of the nondemented hallucinating PD patients nearly 70% showed impairment in multiple cognitive domains. The progressive decline in hallucinating PD patients affected mainly visual memory for faces and visuoperceptive-visuospatial functions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results support a fast impairment of complex visual functions in hallucinating PD patients, but also a progressive decline in multiple cognitive domains, which have been identified as a risk of developing dementia in PD.
authors.affiliation: Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Blanca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ramirez-Ruiz
authors.forename: Carme
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Junque
authors.forename: Maria-Jose
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Marti
authors.forename: Francesc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Valldeoriola
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tolosa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011340:Problem Solving / Q000502:physiology; D014706:Verbal Learning / Q000502:physiology; D014796:Visual Perception