Reporter proteins for in vivo fluorescence without oxygen.
Fluorescent reporter proteins such as green fluorescent protein are valuable noninvasive molecular tools for in vivo real-time imaging of living specimens. However, their use is generally restricted to aerobic systems, as the formation of their chromophores strictly requires oxygen. Starting with blue-light photoreceptors from Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas putida that contain light-oxygen-voltage-sensing domains, we engineered flavin mononucleotide-based fluorescent proteins that can be used as fluorescent reporters in both aerobic and anaerobic biological systems.
Drepper
Thomas
T
Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Research Center Juelich, Stetternicher Forst, D-52426 Juelich, Germany.
Eggert
Thorsten
T
Circolone
Franco
F
Heck
Achim
A
Krauss
Ulrich
U
Guterl
Jan-Karl
JK
Wendorff
Marion
M
Losi
Aba
A
Gärtner
Wolfgang
W
Jaeger
Karl-Erich
KE
D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D005486:Flavin Mononucleotide / Q000378:metabolism; D005453:Fluorescence; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D016958:Pseudomonas putida / Q000378:metabolism; D016354:Rhodobacter capsulatus / Q000378:metabolism
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D005486:Flavin Mononucleotide; D010100:Oxygen