title: The global market for ADHD medications.
abstract: Little is known about the global use and cost of medications for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Global use of ADHD medications rose threefold from 1993 through 2003, whereas global spending (2.4 billion US dollars in 2003) rose ninefold, adjusting for inflation. Per capita gross domestic product (GDP) robustly predicted use across countries, but the United States, Canada, and Australia showed significantly higher-than-predicted use. Use and spending grew in both developed and developing countries, but spending growth was concentrated in developed countries, which adopted more costly, long-acting formulations. Promoting optimal prescription and monitoring should be a priority.
authors.affiliation: Nicholas C. Petris Center on Health Care Markets and Consumer Welfare, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. rscheff@berkeley.edu
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Scheffler
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Hinshaw
authors.forename: Sepideh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Modrek
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Levine
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001315:Australia; D002170:Canada; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017046:Cost Savings; D017281:Cost of Illness; D016527:Drug Costs; D004363:Drug Utilization; D017850:Economics, Pharmaceutical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D008774:Methylphenidate