title: Granulomatous mastitis: radiological findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the radiological, ultrasonographic, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between April 2002 and June 2005, the mammography, ultrasound, color Doppler ultrasound, nonenhanced MR, and dynamic MR findings of nine patients with the preliminary clinical diagnosis of malignancy and the final diagnosis of granulomatous mastitis were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On mammography, asymmetrical focal densities with no distinct margins, ill-defined masses with spiculated contours, and bilateral multiple ill-defined nodules were seen. On ultrasound, in four patients a discrete, heterogenous hypoechoic mass, in two patients multiple abscesses, in one patient bilateral multiple central hypo peripheral hyperechoic lesions, in two patients heterogeneous hypo- and hyperechoic areas together with parenchymal distortion, and in one patient irregular hypoechoic masses with tubular extensions and abscess cavities were seen. Five of the lesions were vascular on color Doppler ultrasound. On MR mammography, the most frequent finding was focal or diffuse asymmetrical signal intensity changes that were hypointense on T1W images and hyperintense on T2W images, without significant mass effect. Nodular lesions were also seen. On dynamic contrast-enhanced mammography, mass-like enhancement, ring-like enhancement, and nodular enhancement were seen. The time-intensity curves differed from patient to patient and from lesion to lesion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The imaging findings of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis have a wide spectrum, and they are inconclusive for differentiating malignant and benign lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozturk
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mavili
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kahriman
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Akcan
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ozturk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D003287:Contrast Media; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006099:Granuloma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008327:Mammography; D008413:Mastitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016217:Ultrasonography, Mammary
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media