Perceived discrimination and adherence to medical care in a racially integrated community.
BACKGROUND
Past research indicates that access to health care and utilization of services varies by sociodemographic characteristics, but little is known about racial differences in health care utilization within racially integrated communities.


OBJECTIVE
To determine whether perceived discrimination was associated with delays in seeking medical care and adherence to medical care recommendations among African Americans and whites living in a socioeconomically homogenous and racially integrated community.


METHODS
A cross-sectional analysis from the Exploring Health Disparities in Integrated Communities Study.


METHODS
Study participants include 1,408 African-American (59.3%) and white (40.7%) adults (> or =18 years) in Baltimore, Md.


METHODS
An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to assess the associations of perceived discrimination with help-seeking behavior for and adherence to medical care.


RESULTS
For both African Americans and whites, a report of 1-2 and >2 discrimination experiences in one's lifetime were associated with more medical care delays and nonadherence compared to those with no experiences after adjustment for need, enabling, and predisposing factors (odds ratio [OR] = 1.8, 2.6; OR = 2.2, 3.3, respectively; all P < .05). Results were similar for perceived discrimination occurring in the past year.


CONCLUSIONS
Experiences with discrimination were associated with delays in seeking medical care and poor adherence to medical care recommendations INDEPENDENT OF NEED, ENABLING, AND PREDISPOSING FACTORS, INCLUDING MEDICAL MISTRUST; however, a prospective study is needed. Further research in this area should include exploration of other potential mechanisms for the association between perceived discrimination and health service utilization.
Casagrande
Sarah Stark
SS
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Gary
Tiffany L
TL
LaVeist
Thomas A
TA
Gaskin
Darrell J
DJ
Cooper
Lisa A
LA
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000208:ethnology*; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D005791:Patient Care; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000208:ethnology*; D010465:Perception; D011287:Prejudice; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D044465:White People / Q000208:ethnology*