title: Non-alcoholic beverages and risk of bladder cancer in Uruguay.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bladder cancer is the fourth most frequent malignancy among Uruguayan men. A previous study from Uruguay suggested a high risk of bladder cancer associated with maté drinking. We conducted an additional case-control study in order to further explore the role of non-alcoholic beverages in bladder carcinogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the time period 1996-2000, 255 incident cases with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and 501 patients treated in the same hospitals and in the same time period were frequency matched on age, sex, and residence. Both cases and controls were face-to-face interviewed on occupation, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking and intake of maté, coffee, tea, and soft drinks. Statistical analysis was carried out by unconditional multiple logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ever maté drinking was positively associated with bladder cancer (odds ratio [OR] 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-3.9) and the risk increased for increasing duration and amount of maté drinking. Both coffee and tea were strongly associated with bladder cancer risk (OR for coffee drinking 1.6, 95% CI 1.2-2.3; OR for tea drinking 2.3, 95% CI 1.5-3.4). These results were confirmed in a separate analysis of never-smokers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that drinking of maté, coffee and tea may be risk factors for bladder carcinoma in Uruguay.
authors: Grupo de Epidemiología, Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Montevideo, Uruguay. estefani@adinet.com.uy
authors: Eduardo
authors: E
authors: De Stefani
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Boffetta
authors: Hugo
authors: H
authors: Deneo-Pellegrini
authors: Pelayo
authors: P
authors: Correa
authors: Alvaro L
authors: AL
authors: Ronco
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Brennan
authors: Gilles
authors: G
authors: Ferro
authors: Giselle
authors: G
authors: Acosta
authors: María
authors: M
authors: Mendilaharsu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001628:Beverages; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003069:Coffee; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D030019:Ilex paraguariensis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014583:Uruguay
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee