title: Effect of creatine on swimming velocity, body composition and hydrodynamic variables.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Creatine supplementation (CS) has been reported to increase body weight and improve performance during high intensity, short duration, exercise tasks. However, none of the published studies has investigated the influence of CS on performance related hydrodynamic variables during swimming. To investigate the effect of oral CS on swimming velocity, body composition and hydrodynamic variables during the period of final preparation of competitive junior female swimmers.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a double blind and randomized manner, 16 female swimmers, were supplemented with 20 g day(-1) of creatine monohydrate (CS group), or a maltodextrin placebo (PL group) for 21 days. Just pre- and post-21 days of supplementation, subjects performed 2x25 swimming bouts at maximum velocity with a 3 min recovery between bouts. The variables measured were 25 m swimming velocity (MSV(25)); active drag force (D(f)); hydrodynamic coefficient (C(x)); power output (P(o)). Body measures were also analysed: body weight (kg), fat-mass (% FAT), body water (% H(2)O), and fat free mass (FFM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences were observed in hydrodynamic values: the CS group showed a significant reduction (approximately =25%), in D(f), C(x) and P(o) values, when comparing pretest with post-test. No differences were found in variables related to body composition and performance between CS group and PL group, as well as for CS group during the experimental period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that 21 days of CS produced significant effects on gross and/or propelling efficiency during swimming in female athletes. However, CS did not influence performance, body weight and body composition.
authors: Department of Sport/CIFOP, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal.
authors: A J
authors: AJ
authors: Silva
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Machado Reis
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Guidetti
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Bessone Alves
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Mota
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Freitas
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Baldari
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects*; D003401:Creatine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D003401:Creatine