title: Residence time and food contact time effects on transfer of Salmonella Typhimurium from tile, wood and carpet: testing the five-second rule.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Three experiments were conducted to determine the survival and transfer of Salmonella Typhimurium from wood, tile or carpet to bologna (sausage) and bread.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Experiment 1. After 28 days, 1.5 to 2.5 log(10) CFU cm(-2) remained on tile from and the more concentrated media facilitated the survival of S. Typhimurium compared with the more dilute solutions. Experiments 2 and 3. The bacterial transfer rate to food decreased as the bacterial residence time on the surface increased from 2, 4, 8 to 24 h with transfers of 6.5, 4.8, 4.6 and 3.9 log CFU ml(-1) in the rinse solutions, respectively. Over 99% of bacterial cells were transferred from the tile to the bologna after 5 s of bologna exposure to tile. Transfer from carpet to bologna was very low (<0.5%) when compared with the transfer from wood and tile (5-68%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (i) Salmonella Typhimurium can survive for up to 4 weeks on dry surfaces in high-enough populations to be transferred to foods and (ii) S. Typhimurium can be transferred to the foods tested almost immediately on contact.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated the ability of bacteria to survive and cross-contaminate other foods even after long periods of time on dry surfaces, thus reinforcing the importance of sanitation on food contact to minimize the risk of foodborne illness.
authors: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0316, USA. pdawson@clemson.edu
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Dawson
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Han
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Cox
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Black
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Simmons
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D005430:Floors and Floorcoverings; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005511:Food Handling; D005516:Food Microbiology; D008461:Meat Products / Q000382:microbiology*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013997:Time Factors