title: Spinal glutamatergic NMDA-dependent cyclic pelvic nerve-to-external urethra sphincter reflex potentiation in anesthetized rats.
abstract: The purposes of this study were to investigate whether the pelvic nerve-to-external urethra sphincter (EUS) reflex potentiation can be induced under physiological conditions and to determine whether glutamatergic neurotransmission is involved in the reflex potentiation. Stimulation-evoked reflex activities, during rhythmic bladder contractions caused by a continuous saline infusion, in 21 anesthetized rats were recorded with/without the intrathecal administration of 10 microl of CNQX (a glutamatergic AMPA receptor antagonist; 100 microM) and APV( a glutamatergic NMDA receptor antagonist; 100 microM). Reflex activities became potentiated following the increment of intravesical pressure (IVP) during the storage phase (2.39 +/- 0.28 spikes/mmHg, n = 21) and the ascending period of the voiding phase (1.46 +/- 0.35 spikes/mmHg, n = 21) and decreased following the decrement of IVP during the descending period of the voiding phase (1.50 +/- 0.33 spikes/mmHg, n = 21). Although it is characterized by a low IVP, a postvoiding reflex potentiation in stimulation-evoked activities was elicited at the critical period after a voiding contraction had just finished (23.95 +/- 8.96 spikes/mmHg, n = 21). The slope of the regression line of evoked activities vs. the IVP during the storage phase was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than that of the ascending and descending periods of the voiding phase, but there was no statistical difference between the ascending and the descending periods (P > 0.05). In addition, the slope of the regression line of posttetanic reflex potentiation was significantly higher than that of the storage phase (P < 0.01). All the slopes of the regression lines decreased after intrathecal CNQX administration (from 3.15 +/- 0.44, 2.10 +/- 0.57, 2.13 +/- 0.53, and 21.30 +/- 3.41 to 0.83 +/- 0.31, 0.74 +/- 0.12, 0.76 +/- 0.12, and 4.31 +/- 3.71 spikes/mmHg in storage, ascending and descending period of the voiding phase, and postvoiding potentiation, respectively; all P < 0.01, n = 10). The slopes of the regression lines became almost horizontal after intrathecal APV administration (from 3.15 +/- 0.44, 2.10 +/- 0.57, 2.13 +/- 0.53, and 21.30 +/- 3.41 to 0.16 +/- 0.12, 0.21 +/- 0.07, 0.18 +/- 0.05, and 0.23 +/- 0.76 spikes/mmHg in storage, ascending and descending period of voiding phase, and postvoiding potentiation, respectively; all P < 0.01, n = 10). Our results suggest that a potentiation in the pelvic nerve-to-EUS reflex can be induced under physiological conditions and the glutamatergic mechanism appears to be involved in this reflex potentiation.
authors: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors: Jiuan-Miaw
authors: JM
authors: Liao
authors: Cho-Hsun
authors: CH
authors: Yang
authors: Chen-Li
authors: CL
authors: Cheng
authors: Shwu-Fen
authors: SF
authors: Pan
authors: Mei-Jung
authors: MJ
authors: Chen
authors: Pei-Chen
authors: PC
authors: Huang
authors: Gin-Den
authors: GD
authors: Chen
authors: Kwong-Chung
authors: KC
authors: Tung
authors: Hsien-Yu
authors: HY
authors: Peng
authors: Tzer-Bin
authors: TB
authors: Lin
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D000758:Anesthesia; D000818:Animals; D004576:Electromyography; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000378:metabolism*; D010388:Pelvis / Q000294:innervation*; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000502:physiology; D014521:Urethra / Q000294:innervation*
chemical_list: D016202:N-Methylaspartate