title: Diversity of viruses associated with acute gastroenteritis in children hospitalized with diarrhea in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
abstract: A molecular epidemiological study on common diarrheal viruses was conducted in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam between October 2002 and September 2003. Fecal samples were collected from 1,010 hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis. Those samples were screened for groups A, B, and C rotavirus, adenovirus, genogroups I and II norovirus (NoV), sapovirus (SaV), and human astrovirus (HAstV) by RT-multiplex PCR, and the positive specimens were characterized further by ELISA, nested PCR, or sequencing. Among the diarrheal viruses detected, group A rotavirus was the most common, with a proportion of 67.4%, whereas NoV GII, adenovirus, SaV, and HAstV were also found in 5.5, 3.2, 0.8, and 0.6%, respectively. It is noteworthy that the group C rotavirus was first reported in Vietnam, with a proportion of 0.5% in this study. Fifty-six of 1,010 (5.5%) samples were found positive with more than one viral agent, in which 25 samples contained both group A rotavirus and NoV GII. Group A rotavirus could be identified throughout year with the peaks in both the dry and rainy season, whereas other viruses prevailed mainly in the rainy season. G-typing for the group A rotavirus showed that genotype 1 was still the most prevailing (33.0%), but interestingly, serotype 9 was emergent and became the third most common rotavirus G-type in these samples (13.7%). The four most common G-P combinations globally, G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], and G4P[8] were found in 46.8% of rotavirus-positive samples, and it is of interest that one unusual rotavirus G9P[19] strain was first detected in Vietnam. The majority of NoV strains belonged to GII/4, and SaV strains mainly clustered with the Manchester strain (GI/1). Twenty-seven out of 32 adenovirus strains were identified as serotype 41. All HAstVs belonged to genotype 1. The results indicated clearly the impact of viral agents causing gastroenteritis and the importance of vaccination against diarrhea in Vietnam.
authors: Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Institute of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Tuan Anh
authors: TA
authors: Nguyen
authors: Fumihiro
authors: F
authors: Yagyu
authors: Michio
authors: M
authors: Okame
authors: Tung Gia
authors: TG
authors: Phan
authors: Quang Duy
authors: QD
authors: Trinh
authors: Hainian
authors: H
authors: Yan
authors: Kim Trong
authors: KT
authors: Hoang
authors: Anh Thi Huynh
authors: AT
authors: Cao
authors: Phuc
authors: P
authors: Le Hoang
authors: Shoko
authors: S
authors: Okitsu
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Ushijima
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004266:DNA Virus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D001257:Mamastrovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D029322:Norovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D012327:RNA Virus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D029341:Sapovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D012621:Seasons; D012703:Serotyping; D013045:Species Specificity; D014744:Vietnam / Q000453:epidemiology