Maternal depression and cognitive features of 9-year-old children prenatally-exposed to cocaine.
This study evaluated cocaine exposure and maternal characteristics as competing predictors of school-age cognitive, achievement, and language performance. One group of 47 exposed 9-year-old children were first studied in an earlier prenatal study. A non-exposed contrast group (n = 46) served as a reference. Maternal measures included: IQ, psychopathology, drugs, demographics, and environment. Child intelligence, language, and achievement scores were inversely related to maternal IQ and depression scores, with cocaine exposure significant secondary or tertiary predictors for many children. Verbal IQ scores of exposed children strongly reflected maternal depression (r = .54) but no such relationship was found among the non-exposed cohort (r = .00).
Marques
Paul R
PR
Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, Maryland 20705, USA. marques@pire.org
Pokorni
Judith L
JL
Long
Toby
T
Teti
Laureen O
LO
D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014888:Wechsler Scales