title: Acute cholecystitis with massive upper gastrointestinal bleed: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cystic artery pseudoaneurysm is a rare complication following cholecystitis. Its presentation with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (UGIH) is even rarer. Thirteen patients with cystic artery pseudoaneurysm have been reported in the literature but only 2 of them presented with UGIH alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a 43-year-old woman who developed a cystic artery pseudoaneurysm following an episode of acute cholecystitis. She presented with haematemesis and melaena associated with postural symptoms. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a duodenal ulcer with adherent clots in the first part of the duodenum. Ultrasonography detected gallstones and a pseudoaneurysm at the porta hepatis. Selective hepatic angiography showed two small pseudoaneurysms in relation to the cystic artery, which were selectively embolized. However, the patient developed abdominal signs suggestive of gangrene of the gall bladder and underwent an emergency laparotomy. Cholecystectomy with common bile duct exploration along with repair of the duodenal rent, and pyloric exclusion and gastrojejunostomy was done.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case illustrates the occurrence of a rare complication (pseudoaneurysm) following cholecystitis with an unusual presentation (UGIH). Cholecystectomy, ligation of the pseudoaneurysm and repair of the intestinal communication is an effective modality of treatment.
authors: Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, AIIMS, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India. sundeepsaluja@yahoo.co.in
authors: Sundeep S
authors: SS
authors: Saluja
authors: Sukanta
authors: S
authors: Ray
authors: Manpreet S
authors: MS
authors: Gulati
authors: Sujoy
authors: S
authors: Pal
authors: Peush
authors: P
authors: Sahni
authors: Tushar K
authors: TK
authors: Chattopadhyay
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017541:Aneurysm, False / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D000792:Angiography / Q000379:methods; D002763:Cholecystectomy / Q000379:methods; D041881:Cholecystitis, Acute / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods; D004638:Emergency Treatment; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015390:Gastric Bypass / Q000379:methods; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006499:Hepatic Artery; D006801:Humans; D007813:Laparotomy / Q000379:methods; D035583:Rare Diseases; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome