title: Predictors of resilience in abused and neglected children grown-up: the role of individual and neighborhood characteristics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper examines individual, family, and neighborhood level predictors of resilience in adolescence and young adulthood and describes changes in resilience over time from adolescence to young adulthood in abused and neglected children grown up.
  
  
  METHODS
  We use documented cases of childhood physical and sexual abuse and neglect (n=676) from a Midwestern county area during the years 1967-1971 and information from official records, census data, psychiatric assessments, and self-reports obtained through 1995. Analyses involve logistic regressions, replicated with Mplus to test for possible contextual effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Almost half (48%) of the abused and neglected children in adolescence and nearly one-third in young adulthood were resilient. Over half of those who were resilient in adolescence remained resilient in young adulthood, whereas 11% of the non-resilient adolescents were resilient in young adulthood. Females were more likely to be resilient during both time periods. Being white, non-Hispanic decreased and growing up in a stable living situation increased the likelihood of resilience in adolescence, but not in young adulthood. Stressful life events and a supportive partner promoted resilience in young adulthood. Neighborhood advantage did not exert a direct effect on resilience, but moderated the relationship between household stability and resilience in adolescence and between cognitive ability and resilience in young adulthood.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ecological factors appear to promote or interfere with the emergence and stability of resilience following childhood maltreatment.
authors: Bureau of Evaluation & Research, New York State Office of Children & Family Services, Rensselaer, NY, USA.
authors: Kimberly A
authors: KA
authors: DuMont
authors: Cathy Spatz
authors: CS
authors: Widom
authors: Sally J
authors: SJ
authors: Czaja
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003415:Crime / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D007604:Juvenile Delinquency / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D014481:United States; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data