title: Polymorphism of immunoglobulin enhancer element HS1,2A: allele *2 associates with systemic sclerosis. Comparison with HLA-DR and DQ allele frequency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship of the polymorphic enhancer HS1,2 central to the 3' enhancer complex regulatory region (IgH3'EC) of the immunoglobulin heavy chain genes with systemic sclerosis (SSc) disease and compare it with HLA-DR and DQ associations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 116 patients with SSc were classified as diffuse (dSSc) or limited (lSSc), and as carriers of antitopoisomerase I (anti-Scl70) or anticentromere (ACA) antibodies. Allele and genotype frequencies were assessed in the population as a whole and in the two major subsets, dSSc and lSSc. The concentration of peripheral blood immunoglobulin levels was also determined and analysed according to the genotypes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analysis of genotypes for the four alleles of the HS1,2A enhancer showed an increased frequency of allele *2 in the SSc cohort highly significant versus controls (57% vs. 40%, p<0.0001). Considering the autoantibody pattern, we found that the frequency of the 2/2 genotype was increased in ACA+ patients (42%) and anti-Scl70+ patients (31%) compared with the control group (15%). The differences of allelic frequencies among dSSc versus lSSc or ACA+ versus anti-Scl70+ patients were not significant, although highly significant when comparing each subgroup with the control group. HLA-DRB1*11 and DQB1*03 associated with SSc. No association was seen between HS1,2A enhancer polymorphism and HLA alleles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data confirm there was an increased risk of having SSc in carriers of allele *2, suggesting an intriguing function of this polymorphism for B-cell regulation.
authors: Department of Biology Enrico Calef, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy. frezza@uniroma2.it
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Frezza
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Giambra
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Tolusso
authors: M
authors: M
authors: De Santis
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Bosello
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Vettori
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Triolo
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Valentini
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Ferraccioli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D004947:Esophagus / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D006801:Humans; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013270:Stomach / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains