title: TNF-alpha, but not IFN-gamma, regulates CCN2 (CTGF), collagen type I, and proliferation in mesangial cells: possible roles in the progression of renal fibrosis.
abstract: Connective tissue growth factor (CCN2) is a profibrotic factor acting downstream and independently of TGF-beta to mediate renal fibrosis. Although inflammation is often involved in the initiation and/or progression of fibrosis, the role of inflammatory cytokines in regulation of glomerular CCN2 expression, cellular proliferation, and extracellular matrix accumulation is unknown. We studied two such cytokines, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, for their effects on cultured mesangial cells in the presence or absence of TGF-beta, as a model for progressive renal fibrosis. Short-term treatment with TNF-alpha, like TGF-beta, significantly increased secreted CCN2 per cell, but unlike TGF-beta inhibited cellular replication. TNF-alpha combined with TGF-beta further increased CCN2 secretion and mRNA levels and reduced proliferation. Surprisingly, however, TNF-alpha treatment decreased baseline collagen type I protein and mRNA levels and largely blocked their stimulation by TGF-beta. Long-term treatment with TGF-beta or TNF-alpha alone no longer increased CCN2 protein levels. However, the combination synergistically increased CCN2. IFN-gamma had no effect on either CCN2 or collagen activity and produced a mild inhibition of TGF-beta-induced collagen only at a high concentration (500 U/ml). In summary, we report a strong positive regulatory role for TNF-alpha, but not IFN-gamma, in CCN2 production and secretion, including that driven by TGF-beta. The stimulation of CCN2 release by TNF-alpha, unlike TGF-beta, is independent of cellular proliferation and not linked to increased collagen type I accumulation. This suggests that the paradigm of TGF-beta-driven CCN2 with subsequent collagen production may be overridden by an as yet undefined inhibitory mechanism acting either directly or indirectly on matrix metabolism.
authors: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors: Laurinda A
authors: LA
authors: Cooker
authors: Darryl
authors: D
authors: Peterson
authors: Joann
authors: J
authors: Rambow
authors: Melisa L
authors: ML
authors: Riser
authors: Rebecca E
authors: RE
authors: Riser
authors: Feridoon
authors: F
authors: Najmabadi
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Brigstock
authors: Bruce L
authors: BL
authors: Riser
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D018450:Disease Progression; D005355:Fibrosis; D005920:Glomerular Mesangium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000502:physiology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C526316:CCN2 protein, rat; D024042:Collagen Type I; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor; D007371:Interferon-gamma