title: Effects of probiotics on enteric flora and feeding tolerance in preterm infants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Probiotics are live microbes that colonize the gastrointestinal tract and benefit the host. Preterm infants develop abnormal patterns of bowel colonization, and only a few clinical trials have reported the outcomes of preterm infants treated with probiotics.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the rate of colonization of Lactobacillus and the clinical variables affecting the colonization in preterm infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Infants with gestational age less than 37 weeks treated at Ewha Womans University Hospital between March 2003 and July 2004 were eligible. Lactobacillus acidophilus (containing 10(8) CFU) was supplemented orally, mixed with breast milk or formula divided into three doses a day. Stool samples were collected before and 14 days after supplementation of the probiotic. Stool samples were anaerobically cultured on Rogosa agar and identified by Gram stain, catalase test and glucose fermentation test. Clinical characteristics were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-three patients with an average gestational age of 33.0 +/- 2.5 weeks were studied. Meconium was cultured in 46 patients and Lactobacillus was not detected. Probiotic supplementation began on 3.4 +/- 6.8 days, and after 14 days of supplementation, Lactobacillus was cultured in an average of 3.01 x 10(8) CFU in the stool of 37.0% (27/73) of the patients. There was a tendency towards an increased incidence of sepsis in the Lactobacillus- group (p = 0.082). In the Lactobacillus+ group, a striking increase in feeding tolerance was detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In preterm infants, with the administration of probiotics, 37% of the preterm infants had Lactobacillus colonized in the gastrointestinal tract and improved feeding tolerance. A double-blind study is in progress for further investigation into the effect on other systemic diseases in premature infants.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Soo Jeong
authors: SJ
authors: Lee
authors: Su Jin
authors: SJ
authors: Cho
authors: Eun Ae
authors: EA
authors: Park
mesh_terms: D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004064:Digestive System / Q000382:microbiology*; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007779:Lactobacillus acidophilus; D008297:Male; D008895:Milk, Human; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*