[The pedicled superficial fascia temporalis flap].
BACKGROUND
The technique used for reconstruction of a cervicofacial defect depends on the extent of the tissue loss. Locoregional or free flaps are commonly used for this type of reconstruction. The type of flap used depends on donor site availability and morbidity. The aim of this technical note was to present appropriate use of the fascia temporalis flap in maxillofacial surgery. ANATOMIC BASIS: The superficial fascia temporalis lies just under the scalp. Blood is supplied via the superficial temporal artery which widely irrigates this anatomic region. Venous blood is drained by the superficial temporal vein and the posterior auricular vein.


METHODS
First, the skin flap is drawn after determining the required size and length of the vascular pedicle. The T or Y incision enables complete exposure of the superficial fascia temporalis and the temporal vessels. The superficial fascia temporalis fascia is then resected at the desired size and easily dissected from the deep temporal fascia via the avascular plane. This dissection is easily achieved manually using a compress.


METHODS
This flap can be used in the auricular region, for commissural reconstruction to ensure facial motricity, for eyelids defects, for defects in the frontal or zygomatic area and for defects of the palate or labial or cheek mucosa.


CONCLUSIONS
This flap can be raised rapidly and easily without any specific requierment. The flap is reliable and allows a long pedicle. The superficial fascia temporalis is thin and easily remodeled. The scar at the donor site is masked by the hair. DRAWBACKS: This flap may not be available in the event of previous trauma or surgery with a high risk of injury to the temporal vessels. This flap is not suitable in patients with prior irradiation exposure or malformatve disease (Franceschetti's syndrome, hemifacial atrophy etc.). Facial palsy due to facial nerve injury, sensorial disorders or local alopecia can develop post-operatively. For reconstruction of the lower third of the face, other flaps should be preferred.
Zwetyenga
N
N
Service de chirurgie maxillofaciale, CHU de Bordeaux, université de Bordeaux-II Victor-Ségalen, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France. narcisse.zwetyenga@chu-bordeaux.fr
Lutz
J-C
JC
Vidal
N
N
Martin
D
D
Siberchicot
F
F
D000075202:Contraindications; D005145:Face / Q000601:surgery*; D005205:Fascia / Q000637:transplantation*; D006801:Humans; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue / Q000637:transplantation*; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply / Q000294:innervation; D013699:Temporal Arteries; D013701:Temporal Bone