title: A practical method to determine the amount of tissue to analyze using laser scanning cytometry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laser scanning cytometry (LSC) is a new technology similar to flow cytometry but generates data from analysis of successive microscopic fields. Unlike its use in other applications, LSC-generated data are not random when used for tissue sections, but are dependent on the microanatomy of the tissue and the distribution and expression of the protein under investigation. For valid LSC analysis, the data generated requires the evaluation of a sufficient tissue area to ensure an accurate representation of expression within the tissue of interest.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this report, we describe a simple and common sense method for determining the area of tissue required for sound LSC analysis by tracking the variation in the measure of target expression with increasing number of fields until it approaches zero.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This approach was used to evaluate the expression of immunohistochemical markers with differing tissue distributions in liver (PMP70, CYP1A2, and Ki67 positive macrophages) and a colorectal adenocarcinoma (activated caspase-3 positive cells), which exhibited diffuse, regional (centrilobular), random, and irregular distribution patterns respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Analyses of these markers demonstrated that the amount of tissue area required to reach a steady measure of a parameter increased with increasing variability of the tissue distribution.
authors: Investigative Pathology Laboratory, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA. john.wijsman@pfizer.com
authors: John A
authors: JA
authors: Wijsman
authors: Leslie A
authors: LA
authors: Obert
authors: Jerome
authors: J
authors: Paulissen
authors: Rosario
authors: R
authors: Garrido
authors: Katherine A
authors: KA
authors: Toy
authors: Robert W
authors: RW
authors: Dunstan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D047569:Laser Scanning Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor