Non-alcoholic beverages and risk of bladder cancer in Uruguay.
BACKGROUND
Bladder cancer is the fourth most frequent malignancy among Uruguayan men. A previous study from Uruguay suggested a high risk of bladder cancer associated with maté drinking. We conducted an additional case-control study in order to further explore the role of non-alcoholic beverages in bladder carcinogenesis.


METHODS
In the time period 1996-2000, 255 incident cases with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and 501 patients treated in the same hospitals and in the same time period were frequency matched on age, sex, and residence. Both cases and controls were face-to-face interviewed on occupation, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking and intake of maté, coffee, tea, and soft drinks. Statistical analysis was carried out by unconditional multiple logistic regression.


RESULTS
Ever maté drinking was positively associated with bladder cancer (odds ratio [OR] 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-3.9) and the risk increased for increasing duration and amount of maté drinking. Both coffee and tea were strongly associated with bladder cancer risk (OR for coffee drinking 1.6, 95% CI 1.2-2.3; OR for tea drinking 2.3, 95% CI 1.5-3.4). These results were confirmed in a separate analysis of never-smokers.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that drinking of maté, coffee and tea may be risk factors for bladder carcinoma in Uruguay.
De Stefani
Eduardo
E
Grupo de Epidemiología, Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Montevideo, Uruguay. estefani@adinet.com.uy
Boffetta
Paolo
P
Deneo-Pellegrini
Hugo
H
Correa
Pelayo
P
Ronco
Alvaro L
AL
Brennan
Paul
P
Ferro
Gilles
G
Acosta
Giselle
G
Mendilaharsu
María
M
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001628:Beverages; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003069:Coffee; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D030019:Ilex paraguariensis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014583:Uruguay
D003069:Coffee