title: Optimizing intensive care capacity using individual length-of-stay prediction models.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Effective planning of elective surgical procedures requiring postoperative intensive care is important in preventing cancellations and empty intensive care unit (ICU) beds. To improve planning, we constructed, validated and tested three models designed to predict length of stay (LOS) in the ICU in individual patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective data were collected from 518 consecutive patients who underwent oesophagectomy with reconstruction for carcinoma between January 1997 and April 2005. Three multivariable linear regression models for LOS, namely preoperative, postoperative and intra-ICU, were constructed using these data. Internal validation was assessed using bootstrap sampling in order to obtain validated estimates of the explained variance (r2). To determine the potential gain of the best performing model in day-to-day clinical practice, prospective data from a second cohort of 65 consecutive patients undergoing oesophagectomy between May 2005 and April 2006 were used in the model, and the predictive performance of the model was compared with prediction based on mean LOS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intra-ICU model had an r2 of 45% after internal validation. Important prognostic variables for LOS included greater patient age, comorbidity, type of surgical approach, intraoperative respiratory minute volume and complications occurring within 72 hours in the ICU. The potential gain of the best model in day-to-day clinical practice was determined relative to mean LOS. Use of the model reduced the deficit number (underestimation) of ICU days by 65 and increased the excess number (overestimation) of ICU days by 23 for the cohort of 65 patients. A conservative analysis conducted in the second, prospective cohort of patients revealed that 7% more oesophagectomies could have been accommodated, and 15% of cancelled procedures could have been prevented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patient characteristics can be used to create models that will help in predicting LOS in the ICU. This will result in more efficient use of ICU beds and fewer cancellations.
authors: Department of Operating Rooms, Erasmus University Medical Center, P,O, Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands. m.van.houdenhoven@rivas.nl
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Van Houdenhoven
authors: Duy-Tien
authors: DT
authors: Nguyen
authors: Marinus J
authors: MJ
authors: Eijkemans
authors: Ewout W
authors: EW
authors: Steyerberg
authors: Hugo W
authors: HW
authors: Tilanus
authors: Diederik
authors: D
authors: Gommers
authors: Gerhard
authors: G
authors: Wullink
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Bakker
authors: Geert
authors: G
authors: Kazemier
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006742:Hospital Bed Capacity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006752:Hospital Planning / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017146:Models, Organizational; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009426:Netherlands; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies