title: Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta inhibition attenuates the development of ischaemia/reperfusion injury of the gut.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the effects of TDZD-8, a potent and selective GSK-3beta inhibitor, on tissue injury caused by ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) of the gut.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animal study in the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Splanchnic artery occlusion (SAO) shocked rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  I/R injury of the intestine was caused by clamping both the superior mesenteric artery and the coeliac trunk for 45 min followed by release of the clamp allowing reperfusion for 1 or 6 h. This procedure results in SAO shock.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 10% of the SAO animals survived the entire 6 h reperfusion period. In a separate set of experiments after 60 min of reperfusion animals were killed for histological examination and biochemical studies. Administration of TDZD-8 (1 mg/kg i.v.) 5 min prior to the reperfusion significantly reduced the (a) fall in mean arterial blood pressure, (b) mortality rate, (c) infiltration of the reperfused intestine with polymorphonuclear neutrophils (MPO activity), (d) production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta and (e) histological evidence of gut injury. Administration of TDZD-8 also markedly reduced the immunoreactivity of nitrotyrosine formation and the expression of ICAM-1 and P-selectin during reperfusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on these findings we propose that TDZD-8 would be useful in the treatment of various ischaemia and reperfusion diseases.
authors: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy. salvator@unime.it.|IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy. salvator@unime.it.
authors: Salvatore
authors: S
authors: Cuzzocrea
authors: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.|IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy.
authors: Emanuela
authors: E
authors: Mazzon
authors: Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
authors: Emanuela
authors: E
authors: Esposito
authors: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors: Carmelo
authors: C
authors: Muià
authors: William Harvey Research Institute, Centre for Experimental Medicine, Nephrology and Critical Care, St. Bartholomew's, and Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.
authors: Maha
authors: M
authors: Abdelrahman
authors: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.|IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy.
authors: Rosanna
authors: R
authors: Di Paola
authors: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors: Concetta
authors: C
authors: Crisafulli
authors: IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy.
authors: Placido
authors: P
authors: Bramanti
authors: William Harvey Research Institute, Centre for Experimental Medicine, Nephrology and Critical Care, St. Bartholomew's, and Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.
authors: Christoph
authors: C
authors: Thiemermann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D007082:Ileum / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013152:Splanchnic Circulation; D013830:Thiadiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: C494356:4-benzyl-2-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione; D016207:Cytokines; D013830:Thiadiazoles; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; C000605508:Gsk3b protein, rat; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3