title: Cerebral response to patient's own name in the vegetative and minimally conscious states.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A challenge in the management of severely brain-damaged patients with altered states of consciousness is the differential diagnosis between the vegetative state (VS) and the minimally conscious state (MCS), especially for the gray zone separating these clinical entities.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the differences in brain activation in response to presentation of the patient's own name spoken by a familiar voice (SON-FV) in patients with VS and MCS.
  
  
  METHODS
  By using fMRI, we prospectively studied residual cerebral activation to SON-FV in seven patients with VS and four with MCS. Behavioral evaluation was performed by means of standardized testing up to 3 months post-fMRI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two patients with VS failed to show any significant cerebral activation. Three patients with VS showed SON-FV induced activation within the primary auditory cortex. Finally, two patients with VS and all four patients with MCS not only showed activation in primary auditory cortex but also in hierarchically higher order associative temporal areas. These two patients with VS showing the most widespread activation subsequently showed clinical improvement to MCS observed 3 months after their fMRI scan.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cerebral responses to patient's own name spoken by a familiar voice as measured by fMRI might be a useful tool to preclinically distinguish minimally conscious state-like cognitive processing in some patients behaviorally classified as vegetative.
authors: Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
authors: H B
authors: HB
authors: Di
authors: S M
authors: SM
authors: Yu
authors: X C
authors: XC
authors: Weng
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Laureys
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Yu
authors: J Q
authors: JQ
authors: Li
authors: P M
authors: PM
authors: Qin
authors: Y H
authors: YH
authors: Zhu
authors: S Z
authors: SZ
authors: Zhang
authors: Y Z
authors: YZ
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D000328:Adult; D001303:Auditory Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D001307:Auditory Perception; D001364:Awareness; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003243:Consciousness; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000503:physiopathology; D018458:Persistent Vegetative State / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies