title: PREDICTIVE- a global, prospective observational study to evaluate insulin detemir treatment in types 1 and 2 diabetes: baseline characteristics and predictors of hypoglycaemia from the European cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  PREDICTIVEtrade mark (Predictable Results and Experience in Diabetes through Intensification and Control to Target: An International Variability Evaluation) is a large, multi-national, observational study assessing the safety and efficacy of insulin detemir. We report the study design, population characteristics and baseline observations, including cross-sectional analysis, from 19 911 patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes requiring basal insulin are prescribed insulin detemir and followed up for 12-52 weeks. Data on demographics, haemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)), fasting glucose, within-subject fasting glucose variability and weight are collected from patient records (and/or recall for hypoglycaemia). A negative binomial distribution model is used to assess the influence of predictive/confounding variables on hypoglycaemic episodes in insulin-treated patients at baseline. Multi-factorial analysis of covariance is used to evaluate the association of the variables with current body weight and within-subject fasting glucose variability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total hypoglycaemic episodes in the 4 weeks prior to study start were 47.5 per patient-year in patients with type 1 and 9.2 per patient-year in patients with type 2 diabetes. The frequency of hypoglycaemia in insulin-treated patients showed a significant, positive association with duration of diabetes, number of insulin injections and fasting glucose variability but was inversely related to HbA(1c), fasting glucose and body mass index. Weight showed a significant positive association with gender (male > female) and insulin dosage. Weight was also positively associated with fasting glucose variability in patients with type 1 diabetes, and age and number of injections in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These baseline data showed that, in addition to the established relationship with intensive treatment and HbA(1c), frequency of hypoglycaemia was positively associated with fasting glucose variability. Follow-up data from PREDICTIVE will provide insights on insulin detemir in diabetes management.
authors: Praxis Lüddeke/Trauner, Munich, Germany.
authors: H-J
authors: HJ
authors: Lüddeke
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Sreenan
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Aczel
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Maxeiner
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Yenigun
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Kozlovski
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Gydesen
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Dornhorst
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000819:agonists / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069057:Insulin Detemir; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D000069057:Insulin Detemir; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting