title: LASIK in the presbyopic age group: safety, efficacy, and predictability in 40- to 69-year-old patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the safety, efficacy, and predictability of LASIK in a presbyopic population and to examine possible differences between age groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, descriptive, comparative consecutive case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven hundred ten eyes of 424 patients between 40 and 69 years of age who underwent LASIK by the same surgeon between January 1999 and September 2005. Patients had manifest refractive spherical errors ranging from -10.5 to +6 diopters (D) and cylinder of up to 2.50 D.
  
  
  METHODS
  LASIK was performed with IntraLase femtosecond laser or Hansatome microkeratomes and VISX Star (S4 or S2; VISX Inc., Santa Clara, CA) or Baush & Lomb Technolas 217z (Zyoptix or PlanoScan; Bausch & Lomb, Claremont, CA) excimer lasers. There were 511 myopic eyes (spherical equivalent [SE], -5.03+/-2.02 D) and 199 hyperopic eyes (SE, +2.21+/-1.21 D). Patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1 (40 to 49 years old; n = 359 eyes), group 2 (50 to 59 years old; n = 293 eyes), and group 3 (60 to 69 years old; n = 58 eyes).
  
  
  METHODS
  Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), retreatment rates, safety, efficacy, and predictability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of patients in groups 1, 2, and 3 was 45, 53, and 63 years, respectively. With increasing age, there was a trend toward higher retreatment rates and more myopic end points. Safety, efficacy, and predictability were comparable between all groups. At the final follow-up (mean+/-standard deviation, 10.4+/-7.4 months), 80% to 100% of eyes had 20/30 or better UCVA and 81% to 90% were within +/-1.00 D. No eyes lost more than 2 lines of BSCVA, and only 9 eyes (1.3%) lost 2 lines. Subgroup analysis of eyes with a follow-up of 12 months or more was performed. The results were compared with those with shorter follow-up. Both subgroups had comparable outcomes; the duration of follow-up did not affect the visual outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite a trend toward worse final BSCVA and higher retreatment rates in older patients, a greater risk of visual loss after LASIK was not observed. LASIK for myopia and hyperopia has reasonable safety, efficacy, and predictability profiles in the 40- to 69-year-old presbyopic population.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors: Ramon C
authors: RC
authors: Ghanem
authors: Jose
authors: J
authors: de la Cruz
authors: Faisal M
authors: FM
authors: Tobaigy
authors: Leonard P K
authors: LP
authors: Ang
authors: Dimitri T
authors: DT
authors: Azar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005139:Eyeglasses; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D020731:Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011305:Presbyopia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery*; D011379:Prognosis; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity