title: Olive oil is more potent than fish oil to reduce septic pulmonary dysfunctions in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Abdominal sepsis is frequently the cause of severe pulmonary dysfunction. Via the thoracic duct, the lung is the first organ exposed to gut-derived mediators released into the mesenteric lymph.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to investigate whether an enteral immunonutrition with long chain triglycerides prevents septic pulmonary dysfunctions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mesenteric lymph was obtained from lymph fistula donor rats during sepsis (lipopolysaccharides [LPS], 5 mg/kg i.p.) with or without enteral immunonutrition (1% of olive oil or 1% of fish oil). Sepsis lymph was then reinfused into the jugular vein of separate recipient rats. Thereafter, the lung tissue was analyzed for the distance of oxygen diffusion, inflammatory response, and cell apoptosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sepsis significantly increased TNFalpha release into the mesenteric lymph, whereas an enteral immunonutrition with olive oil significantly reduced the TNFalpha release into the mesenteric lymph by more than five-fold. Sepsis lymph induced a significant increase in alveolar wall thickness, inflammatory reaction, and apoptosis; whereas sepsis lymph collected during olive oil resorption prevented the thickening of the alveolar walls and induced only a mild inflammation, being more potent than fish oil to reduce septic pulmonary dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mediators in the sepsis lymph induce pulmonary dysfunction. The lung may be protected by an enteral immunonutrition containing long chain triglycerides such as olive oil.
authors: Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany. joerg.glatzle@med.uni-tuebingen.de
authors: Joerg
authors: J
authors: Glatzle
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Beckert
authors: Michael S
authors: MS
authors: Kasparek
authors: Mario H
authors: MH
authors: Mueller
authors: Petra
authors: P
authors: Mayer
authors: Tobias
authors: T
authors: Meile
authors: Alfred
authors: A
authors: Konigsrainer
authors: Wolfgang
authors: W
authors: Steurer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008168:Lung / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008196:Lymph / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D042601:Lymphatic Vessels / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D000069463:Olive Oil; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000032:analysis; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018805:Sepsis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005395:Fish Oils; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009195:Peroxidase