Elevation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in multiple sclerosis and impact of immunomodulators.
The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are implicated in the pathology of multiple sclerosis (MS). This review summarizes the consequences of upregulation of MMP members in MS as well as in an animal model of the disease, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The pathogenic roles of MMPs are considered, especially in the transmigration of leukocytes into the CNS. We review the evidence that interferon-beta, an immunomodulator that is commonly used in MS, affects MMP expression in the disease. The potential of minocycline as a therapy in MS, based on its activity as an MMP inhibitor, is discussed. Besides affecting MMPs, minocycline may have other actions that help account for its possible utility in MS.
Yong
V Wee
VW
Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. vyong@ucalgary.ca
Zabad
Rana K
RK
Agrawal
Smriti
S
Goncalves Dasilva
Angelika
A
Metz
Luanne M
LM
D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology*
D007155:Immunologic Factors; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases