Carbonyl reductases and pluripotent hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily.
Carbonyl reduction of aldehydes, ketones, and quinones to their corresponding hydroxy derivatives plays an important role in the phase I metabolism of many endogenous (biogenic aldehydes, steroids, prostaglandins, reactive lipid peroxidation products) and xenobiotic (pharmacologic drugs, carcinogens, toxicants) compounds. Carbonyl-reducing enzymes are grouped into two large protein superfamilies: the aldo-keto reductases (AKR) and the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR). Whereas aldehyde reductase and aldose reductase are AKRs, several forms of carbonyl reductase belong to the SDRs. In addition, there exist a variety of pluripotent hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDs) of both superfamilies that specifically catalyze the oxidoreduction at different positions of the steroid nucleus and also catalyze, rather nonspecifically, the reductive metabolism of a great number of nonsteroidal carbonyl compounds. The present review summarizes recent findings on carbonyl reductases and pluripotent HSDs of the SDR protein superfamily.
Hoffmann
Frank
F
Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, University Medical School Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Brunswiker Strasse, Kiel, 10, 24105, Germany.
Maser
Edmund
E
D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D003348:Cortisone / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006913:Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D016227:Benzoquinones; C004532:quinone; D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases; D006913:Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; C036543:short chain trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases; D003348:Cortisone