title: Effectiveness of beta-blocker therapy in daily practice patients with advanced chronic heart failure; is there an effect-modification by age?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effects of beta-blockers in daily practice patients with advanced chronic heart failure (CHF) and a broad range of ejection fraction (EF) are not well established. We aimed to assess, first, the association between beta-blocker prescription at discharge and mortality in a cohort of patients with advanced CHF, and second, whether this association is modified by the age of the patient.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients diagnosed with advanced CHF (n = 625) were prospectively followed after discharge from the Cardiology Department. The mean age was 76 years, 53% male, mean EF 42 +/- 16%. Overall, 308 (49%) patients had a beta-blocker prescribed at discharge, 140 (22%) low-dose and 168 (27%) high-dose therapy. We used multivariate Cox analysis to assess the association between beta-blocker use at discharge and mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a mean follow-up of 22 months, 117 (27%) patients died. Prescription of a beta-blocker was associated with a 45% relative risk reduction (hazard ratio 0.55, 95% confidence interval 0.39, 0.78). The relative risk reduction was similar with low and high doses of beta-blockers (42% and 49%). However, the relative risk reduction was higher in younger than in older patients (P = 0.006). In patients < or = 75 years old prescription of a beta-blocker was associated with 71% risk reduction, whereas in patients >75 years old it was associated with 21% risk reduction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this daily practice cohort of patients with advanced CHF, prescription of a beta-blocker was associated with significant mortality reduction. However, the beneficial effects of beta-blockers appear to be greater in younger patients.
authors: Northern Centre for Healthcare Research, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. d.dobre@med.umcg.nl
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Dobre
authors: Mike J L
authors: MJ
authors: DeJongste
authors: Carolien
authors: C
authors: Lucas
authors: Ger
authors: G
authors: Cleuren
authors: Dirk J
authors: DJ
authors: van Veldhuisen
authors: Adelita V
authors: AV
authors: Ranchor
authors: Flora
authors: F
authors: Haaijer-Ruskamp
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists