title: Enhancements and modifications of primer design program Primer3.
abstract: The determination of annealing temperature is a critical step in PCR design. This parameter is typically derived from the melting temperature of the PCR primers, so for successful PCR work it is important to determine the melting temperature of primer accurately. We introduced several enhancements in the widely used primer design program Primer3. The improvements include a formula for calculating melting temperature and a salt correction formula. Also, the new version can take into account the effects of divalent cations, which are included in most PCR buffers. Another modification enables using lowercase masked template sequences for primer design.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Features described in this article have been implemented into the development code of Primer3 and will be available in future versions (version 1.1 and newer) of Primer3. Also, a modified version is compiled under the name of mPrimer3 which is distributed independently. The web-based version of mPrimer3 is available at http://bioinfo.ebc.ee/mprimer3/ and the binary code is freely downloadable from the URL http://bioinfo.ebc.ee/download/.
authors: Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia str. 23, Tartu 51010, Estonia.
authors: Triinu
authors: T
authors: Koressaar
authors: Maido
authors: M
authors: Remm
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers