title: S100A1 and S100B, transcriptional targets of SOX trio, inhibit terminal differentiation of chondrocytes.
abstract: Transcription factor SOX9 (sex-determining region Y-type high mobility group box 9) and its coactivators SOX5 and SOX6 (the SOX trio) induce early-stage chondrocyte differentiation and suppress its terminal stage. To identify possible targets of the SOX trio, we carried out a microarray analysis and identified S100A1 and S100B as possible target molecules. S100 protein expression was localized in late proliferative and pre-hypertrophic chondrocytes of the mouse growth plate. Overexpression of S100A1, S100B or their combination in cultured chondrogenic cells did not induce early differentiation, but suppressed hypertrophic differentiation and mineralization. Silencing of both S100A1 and S100B stimulated terminal differentiation and reversed the SOX-trio-mediated inhibition. Finally, luciferase reporter, electrophoretic mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses showed that transcription of both S100 proteins is induced by the SOX trio, and also identified their respective enhancer elements in the 5'-end flanking region. We conclude that S100A1 and S100B are transcriptional targets of the SOX trio and mediate its inhibition of terminal differentiation of chondrocytes.
authors: Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
authors: Taku
authors: T
authors: Saito
authors: Toshiyuki
authors: T
authors: Ikeda
authors: Kozo
authors: K
authors: Nakamura
authors: Ung-il
authors: UI
authors: Chung
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Kawaguchi
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; D055755:SOXD Transcription Factors; D051876:Sex-Determining Region Y Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; C110294:S100A1 protein; C579160:S100B protein, human; C579159:S100b protein, mouse; C490301:SOX5 protein, human; C486270:SOX6 protein, human; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; C527932:SOX9 protein, human; D055755:SOXD Transcription Factors; D051876:Sex-Determining Region Y Protein; C527933:Sox9 protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors