title: Gender differences in neurocognitive functioning among alcohol-dependent Russian patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are a limited number of studies that have examined gender differences in the neurocognitive test performances of alcohol-dependent individuals. Those that have been conducted reported that compared with men, women's visuospatial skills, psychomotor speed, and working memory are more profoundly affected by chronic alcohol abuse despite a shorter duration of drinking and a lesser quantity of alcohol consumed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The performances of Russian male and female alcoholic and nonalcoholic control subjects were compared on a series of neurocognitive tasks that assess motor speed, visuoperceptual processing, visuospatial processing, decision making, and cognitive flexibility.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group and gender differences emerged on specific components of each task administered. Female compared with male alcoholic subjects exhibited poorer performances on tests of visual working memory, spatial planning and problem solving, and cognitive flexibility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data support and extend prior research demonstrating a more deleterious impact of alcohol dependence on female alcoholic subjects' cognitive functioning compared with male alcoholic subjects. Several theories are offered to account for gender differences in neurocognitive performance.
authors: RTI International, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA. bflannery@rti.org
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Flannery
authors: Diana
authors: D
authors: Fishbein
authors: Evgeny
authors: E
authors: Krupitsky
authors: Doris
authors: D
authors: Langevin
authors: Elena
authors: E
authors: Verbitskaya
authors: Cynthia
authors: C
authors: Bland
authors: Karen
authors: K
authors: Bolla
authors: Valentina
authors: V
authors: Egorova
authors: Natali
authors: N
authors: Bushara
authors: Marina
authors: M
authors: Tsoy
authors: Edwin
authors: E
authors: Zvartau
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000523:psychology*; D001245:Association Learning / Q000502:physiology; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012426:Russia; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology