title: Evaluation of nitrate influence on thyroid volume of adults in a previously iodine-deficient area.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of nitrate as a possible alimentary goitrogen on thyroid volume in a previously iodine-deficient area.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population based cross-sectional epidemiologic survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data of 3772 participants (20-79 years) of the Study of Health in Pomerania without diagnosed thyroid disorders were analyzed. EVALUATION AND MEASUREMENTS: The nitrate concentration in spot urine was determined by ion chromatography. High nitrate levels were defined as urine nitrate concentrations exceeding the 75th percentile for the investigated population. Thyroid structure and size were measured by ultrasound. Subjects were divided into two groups with absence or presence of high urine nitrate concentrations. Comparisons between groups were made using the chi(2)-test or the Student's t-test. Multivariable analyses were done by logistic regression and ANOVA (analysis of variance). Odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals as well as adjusted means (standard error) were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the whole population, the mean urine nitrate level was 53.1+/-0.8mg/l. The 75th percentile of urine nitrate concentrations was 69.0mg/l, indicating that the renal excretion of nitrate is at a low level. The proportion of goiter in subjects with and without high urine nitrate concentrations was 35.5% and 34.7%, respectively (p=0.69). Analyses considering age, sex and further potential confounders could not identify an association between the exposure variable and the risk of goiter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The low level of the alimentary nitrate intake does not influence the thyroid volume in a population with currently sufficient alimentary intake of iodine.
authors: Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Walther-Rathenau-Strasse 49a, 17489 Greifswald, Germany. below@uni-greifswald.de
authors: Harald
authors: H
authors: Below
authors: Helmut
authors: H
authors: Zöllner
authors: Henry
authors: H
authors: Völzke
authors: Axel
authors: A
authors: Kramer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006042:Goiter / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009566:Nitrates / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000652:urine; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates