title: Differences in frequency of violence and reported injury between relationships with reciprocal and nonreciprocal intimate partner violence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to examine the prevalence of reciprocal (i.e., perpetrated by both partners) and nonreciprocal intimate partner violence and to determine whether reciprocity is related to violence frequency and injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data on young US adults aged 18 to 28 years from the 2001 National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, which contained information about partner violence and injury reported by 11,370 respondents on 18761 heterosexual relationships.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Almost 24% of all relationships had some violence, and half (49.7%) of those were reciprocally violent. In nonreciprocally violent relationships, women were the perpetrators in more than 70% of the cases. Reciprocity was associated with more frequent violence among women (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.9, 2.8), but not men (AOR=1.26; 95% CI=0.9, 1.7). Regarding injury, men were more likely to inflict injury than were women (AOR=1.3; 95% CI=1.1, 1.5), and reciprocal intimate partner violence was associated with greater injury than was nonreciprocal intimate partner violence regardless of the gender of the perpetrator (AOR=4.4; 95% CI=3.6, 5.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The context of the violence (reciprocal vs nonreciprocal) is a strong predictor of reported injury. Prevention approaches that address the escalation of partner violence may be needed to address reciprocal violence.
authors: Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga 30341, USA. dpw7@cdc.gov
authors: Daniel J
authors: DJ
authors: Whitaker
authors: Tadesse
authors: T
authors: Haileyesus
authors: Monica
authors: M
authors: Swahn
authors: Linda S
authors: LS
authors: Saltzman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017579:Domestic Violence / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000145:classification* / Q000453:epidemiology*