title: Dose-mortality assessment upon reuse and recycling of industrial sludge.
abstract: This study provides a novel attempt to put forward, in general toxicological terms, quantitative ranking of toxicity of various sources of sludge for possible reusability in further applications. The high leaching concentrations of copper in printed circuit board (PCB) sludge and chromium in leather sludge apparently exceeded current Taiwan's EPA regulatory thresholds and should be classified as hazardous wastes. Dose-mortality analysis indicated that the toxicity ranking of different sources of sludge was PCB sludge>CaF(2) sludge>leather sludge. PCB sludge was also confirmed as a hazardous waste since the toxicity potency of PCB sludge was nearly identical to CdCl(2). However, leather sludge seemed to be much less toxic than as anticipated, perhaps due to a significant decrease of toxic species bioavailable in the aqueous phase to the reporter bacterium Escherichia coli DH5alpha. For possible reusability of sludge, maximum concentrations allowable to be considered "safe" (ca. EC(100)/100) were 9.68, 42.1 and 176 mgL(-1) for CaF(2) sludge, PCB sludge and leather sludge, respectively.
authors: Department of Environmental Engineering, National I-Lan University, I-Lan 260, Taiwan.
authors: Kae-Long
authors: KL
authors: Lin
authors: Bor-Yann
authors: BY
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D002857:Chromium / Q000633:toxicity*; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000379:methods*; D003300:Copper / Q000633:toxicity*; D004581:Electronics; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000145:classification; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D012722:Sewage / Q000032:analysis*; D013624:Taiwan; D013784:Textiles
chemical_list: D015386:Hazardous Substances; D007220:Industrial Waste; D012722:Sewage; D002857:Chromium; D003300:Copper