title: Comparative echocardiographic analysis of mitral and tricuspid annular motion: differences explained with proposed anatomic-structural correlates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Annular motion (AM) has been shown to occur during all dynamic phases of the cardiac cycle; but little is known regarding comparisons between mitral and tricuspid AM. We elected to use M-mode to examine the extent and timing of mitral and tricuspid AM events.
  
  
  METHODS
  A complete echocardiogram was obtained in 50 patients [mean age 53 +/- 16 years, mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 57 +/- 19%, and mean right ventricular fractional area change (RVFAC) of 49 +/- 20%]. Timing of all AM intervals was corrected for heart rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A strong linear correlation was noted for both LVEF and maximal mitral annular systolic excursion and for RVFAC and maximal tricuspid annular systolic excursion (r = 0.91, P < 0.0001). The amplitude of both maximal mitral annular descent (1.54 +/- 0.45 cm) and ascent (0.64 +/- 0.23 cm) was significantly smaller than for the tricuspid annulus (2.26 +/- 0.73 and 0.98 +/- 0.37 cm; P < 0.0001, respectively). Furthermore, while it takes longer for the mitral than for the tricuspid annulus (403 +/- 52 ms vs 308 +/- 50 ms; P < 0.0001, respectively) to descend to its lowest point; the duration to reach maximal ascent is shorter for the mitral than for tricuspid annulus (90 +/- 22 ms vs 115 +/- 19 ms; p < 0.0001, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant differences exist in both amplitude and timing of AM events between the mitral and tricuspid annuli, likely reflecting intrinsic anatomical and electromechanical differences between both sides of the heart that require further investigation.
authors: Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2582, USA. lopezcandalesa@upmc.edu
authors: Angel
authors: A
authors: López-Candales
authors: Navin
authors: N
authors: Rajagopalan
authors: Beth
authors: B
authors: Gulyasy
authors: Kathy
authors: K
authors: Edelman
authors: Raveen
authors: R
authors: Bazaz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015588:Observer Variation; D010414:Pennsylvania; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013318:Stroke Volume; D014261:Tricuspid Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D014262:Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left