Long term consequences from exposure to sulfur mustard: a review.
Mustard gas (HD) was a widely used chemical warfare agent during World War I and more recently in the Iraq-Iran war (1980-1988). To date, dramatically, 45,000 Iranians are suffering from late respiratory complications due to MG exposure. This review covers two decades of researches on latent pulmonary effects of MG. Findings from clinical manifestations, pathologic examinations, laboratory data, lung function tests, and radiological evaluations are reviewed. From this review we are able to provide a suitable practical plan for workup and management of patients in this setting.
Ghanei
Mostafa
M
Research Center of Chemical Injuries, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. m.ghanei@bmsu.ac.ir
Harandi
Ali Amini
AA
D001249:Asthma / Q000139:chemically induced; D001987:Bronchiectasis / Q000139:chemically induced; D001988:Bronchiolitis / Q000139:chemically induced; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D004646:Emphysema / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced; D009151:Mustard Gas / Q000633:toxicity*; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000139:chemically induced; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D009151:Mustard Gas