title: Distribution of rotavirus genotypes in Europe, 2004-2005: the REVEAL Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) constitutes a significant burden of pediatric disease. Knowledge of currently cocirculating rotavirus genotypes is required to help guide immunization strategies.
  
  
  METHODS
  During the 2004-2005 RVGE season, a prospective, multicenter, observational study of RVGE was conducted in children <5 years of age seeking health care in primary care, emergency department, and hospital settings in selected areas of Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. Rotavirus was identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and genotypes were determined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of stool samples for which ELISA results were positive.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ELISA results were available for 2712 of the 2846 children with acute gastroenteritis who were recruited for the study; of these 2712 children, 1102 (40.6%) were rotavirus positive. RT-PCR results were available for 1031 children with ELISA-positive samples. G1-G4 and G9 were the most prevalent genotypes identified: G1 was identified in Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom; G9 in Italy, France, and Belgium; and G4 in Germany. Only the G4 and G9 genotypes were identified in all study areas. Rotavirus infections showed seasonal variation, with different patterns noted among the genotypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rotavirus genotypes G1-G4 and G9 are associated with the majority of RVGE infections in the areas studied, with geographic and seasonal variation in the distributions of rotavirus strains. Rotavirus vaccines should, therefore, provide protection against all major genotypes to decrease effectively the RVGE disease burden in Europe.
authors: Faculty of Medicine, Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for the Control and Prevention of Viral Hepatitis, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, BE-2610, Belgium. pierre.vandamme@ua.ac.be
authors: Pierre
authors: P
authors: Van Damme
authors: Carlo
authors: C
authors: Giaquinto
authors: Melanie
authors: M
authors: Maxwell
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Todd
authors: Marie
authors: M
authors: Van der Wielen
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000235:genetics*; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral