title: c-Myc is essential for urokinase plasminogen activator expression on hypoxia-induced vascular smooth muscle cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate whether c-Myc regulates expression of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) on hypoxia-induced vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  VSMCs were isolated from thoracic aorta of wild-type (WT), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and uPA-deficient mice. Gene and protein expression levels were examined by reverse-transcription PCR and Western blotting, respectively. c-Myc and uPA transcriptional activity were determined by luciferase analysis. Zymography analysis was used to test the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tPA, and uPA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hypoxia significantly promoted WT and tPA-/- VSMC migration and invasion. However, uPA-/- severely decreased hypoxia-induced VSMC migration and invasion. Hypoxia increased uPA and MMP-2 activity, while uPA-/- decreased hypoxia-induced MMP-2 activity. c-Myc expression and transcriptional activity were increased in response to hypoxia, and silenced c-Myc abolished hypoxia-induced uPA and MMP-2 activity. In addition, hypoxia-induced Bcl2 expression and Bcl2 binding to c-Myc led to enhanced c-Myc-mediated uPA and MMP-2 activity in response to hypoxia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results show that c-Myc was essential for hypoxia-induced uPA expression and activity, resulting in VSMC migration and invasion. In addition, Bcl2 enhanced the c-Myc-mediated uPA/MMP-2 pathway.
authors: Department of Physiology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Ohnohigashi 377-2, Osakasayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.
authors: YongZhong
authors: Y
authors: Hou
authors: Chikako
authors: C
authors: Okamoto
authors: Kiyotaka
authors: K
authors: Okada
authors: Naoyaki
authors: N
authors: Kawao
authors: Shuhei
authors: S
authors: Kawata
authors: Shigeru
authors: S
authors: Ueshima
authors: Osamu
authors: O
authors: Matsuo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001808:Blood Vessels; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D015870:Gene Expression; D019254:Genes, bcl-2; D016259:Genes, myc; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism*; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000378:metabolism*; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000378:metabolism*; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D008156:Luciferases; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases