Simultaneous distillation-extraction of high-value volatile compounds from Cistus ladanifer L.
The present paper describes a procedure to isolate volatiles from rock-rose (Cistus ladanifer L.) using simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE). High-value volatile compounds (HVVC) were selected and the influence of the extraction conditions investigated. The effect of the solvent nature and extraction time on SDE efficiency was studied. The best performance was achieved with pentane in 1 h operation. The extraction efficiencies ranged from 65% to 85% and the repeatability varied between 4% and 6% (as a CV%). The C. ladanifer SDE extracts were analysed by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) followed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). The HS-SPME sampling conditions such as fiber coating, temperature, ionic strength and exposure time were optimized. The best results were achieved with an 85 microm polyacrylate fiber for a 60 min headspace extraction at 40 degrees C with 20% (w/v) of NaCl. For optimized conditions the recovery was in average higher than 90% for all compounds and the intermediate precision ranged from 4 to 9% (as CV %). The volatiles alpha-pinene (22.2 mg g(-1) of extract), 2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexanone (6.1 mg g(-1) of extract), borneol (3.0 mg g(-1) of extract) and bornyl acetate (3.9 mg g(-1) of extract) were identified in the SDE extracts obtained from the fresh plant material.
Teixeira
Salomé
S
REQUIMTE/Dep. de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
Mendes
Adélio
A
Alves
Arminda
A
Santos
Lúcia
L
D029758:Cistus / Q000737:chemistry*; D003510:Cyclohexanes / Q000737:chemistry; D004986:Ether / Q000737:chemistry; D005410:Flame Ionization; D006586:Hexanes / Q000737:chemistry; D009812:Odorants; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry*; D010420:Pentanes / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D014835:Volatilization
D003510:Cyclohexanes; D006586:Hexanes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010420:Pentanes; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010938:Plant Oils; D012997:Solvents; D004986:Ether; C026385:n-hexane; C506365:Cyclohexane; C033353:pentane