title: Omega-3 fatty acids alleviate chemically induced acute hepatitis by suppression of cytokines.
abstract: Cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) are key factors in liver inflammation. Supplementation with essential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) has been demonstrated to lower TNF-alpha and IL-1 production in mononuclear cells. An inflammation-dampening effect has been observed with increased omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in several inflammatory diseases. In this study, we used the transgenic fat-1 mouse, expressing a Caenorhabditis elegans desaturase endogenously forming n-3 PUFA from n-6 PUFA, to analyze the effect of an increased n-3 PUFA tissue status in the macrophage-dependent acute D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccaride (D-GalN/LPS) hepatitis model. We show less severe inflammatory liver injury in fat-1 mice with a balanced n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio as evidenced by reduced serum alanine aminotransferase levels and less severe histological liver damage. This decreased inflammatory response was associated with decreased plasma TNF-alpha levels and with reduced hepatic gene expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IFN-gamma and IL-6 in fat-1 mice, leading to a decreased rate of apoptosis in livers from fat-1 animals, as measured by DAPI-staining.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study offer evidence for an inflammation dampening effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the context of liver inflammation.
authors: Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors: Christoph
authors: C
authors: Schmöcker
authors: Karsten H
authors: KH
authors: Weylandt
authors: Lena
authors: L
authors: Kahlke
authors: Jingdong
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: Hartmut
authors: H
authors: Lobeck
authors: Gisa
authors: G
authors: Tiegs
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Berg
authors: Jing X
authors: JX
authors: Kang
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood*; D000818:Animals; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D000410:Alanine Transaminase