title: Universal precaution compliance by orthopaedic trauma team members in a major trauma resuscitation scenario.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We determined the compliance rates of orthopaedic trauma team members in applying universal precautions in major trauma resuscitation scenarios and the availability of universal precautions in accident and emergency (A&E) departments throughout England.
  
  
  METHODS
  A national telephone survey was implemented contacting the first on-call orthopaedic surgeon and A&E departments in hospital trusts accepting major trauma throughout England. A questionnaire was employed to ascertain current practice, experience and availability of universal precautions when managing a major trauma patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 112 first on-call orthopaedic surgeons and 99 A&E departments responded. There was good compliance for using gloves (99%) and aprons (86%). There was poor compliance in using eye protectors (21%), face masks (18%), shoe covers (4%) and head caps (4%). Trainees applied universal precautions according to the level of risk they subjectively perceived. All A&E departments had gloves and aprons but the availability of the other universal precautions was less. Of trainees, 76 reported that all universal precautions were not readily available in the A&E department.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Orthopaedic trauma team members are very compliant in using gloves and aprons, but should be more compliant in using eye protectors. It is questionable whether face masks, head caps and shoe covers need to be used in all trauma scenarios. In general, universal precautions should be more available in the A&E departments. There should be better communication between A&E departments and the trauma team regarding the availability of universal precautions.
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Arrowe Park Hospital, Upton, Wirral, UK. rathers74@yahoo.co.uk
authors: R O
authors: RO
authors: Sundaram
authors: R W
authors: RW
authors: Parkinson
mesh_terms: D004739:England; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D009985:Orthopedics / Q000592:standards*; D011364:Professional Practice / Q000592:standards*; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014193:Trauma Centers; D016635:Universal Precautions / Q000379:methods*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000628:therapy*