title: Pulmonary radiofrequency ablation: long-term safety and efficacy in 153 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To retrospectively evaluate long-term survival, local tumor progression, and complication rates for all percutaneous computed tomographic (CT)-guided lung tumor radiofrequency (RF) ablations performed at a tertiary care cancer hospital in patients who refused or who were not candidates for surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  This HIPAA-compliant study was approved by the institutional review board; informed consent was waived. Between 1998 and 2005, 153 consecutive patients (mean age, 68.5 years; range, 17-94 years) with 189 primary or metastatic medically inoperable lung cancers underwent percutaneous fluoroscopic CT-guided RF ablation. Clinical outcomes were compiled on the basis of review of medical records, imaging follow-up reports, and any biopsy-proved residual or recurrent disease (when available). Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate overall survival and disease-free survival (progression) as a function of time since RF ablation. Comparisons between survival functions were performed by using the log-rank statistic; P < .05 was considered to indicate a significant difference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year survival rates, respectively, for stage I non-small cell lung cancer were 78%, 57%, 36%, 27%, and 27%; rates for colorectal pulmonary metastasis were 87%, 78%, 57%, 57%, and 57%. The 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year local tumor progression-free rates, respectively, were 83%, 64%, 57%, 47%, and 47% for tumors 3 cm or smaller and 45%, 25%, 25%, 25%, and 25% for tumors larger than 3 cm. The difference between the survival curves associated with large (>3 cm) and small (< or =3 cm) tumors was significant (P < .002). The overall pneumothorax rate was 28.4% (52 of 183 ablation sessions), with a 9.8% (18 of 183 ablation sessions) chest tube insertion rate. The overall 30-day mortality rate was 3.9% (six of 153 patients), with a 2.6% (four of 153 patients) procedure-specific 30-day mortality rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lung RF ablation appears to be safe and linked with promising long-term survival and local tumor progression outcomes, especially given the patient population treated.
authors: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Brown Medical School/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
authors: Caroline J
authors: CJ
authors: Simon
authors: Damian E
authors: DE
authors: Dupuy
authors: Thomas A
authors: TA
authors: DiPetrillo
authors: Howard P
authors: HP
authors: Safran
authors: C Alexander
authors: CA
authors: Grieco
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Ng
authors: William W
authors: WW
authors: Mayo-Smith
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002173:Cancer Care Facilities; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010166:Palliative Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed