title: Survey of the temporal changes in HIV-1 replicative fitness in the Amsterdam Cohort.
abstract: Changes in virulence and fitness during an epidemic are common among pathogens. Several studies have shown that HIV fitness increases within a patient during disease progression, while bottlenecks, such as sexual transmission, immune pressure and drug treatment can reduce fitness. In this study, we analyzed how these opposing forces have shaped HIV-1 fitness over time. Therefore, we compared the replicative fitness of HIV-1 isolates from newly infected untreated individuals, diagnosed for HIV-1 infection early in the AIDS epidemic in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, with more recent isolates. Twenty-five early and late HIV-1 isolates, carefully matched for seroconversion time, were competed head-to-head in a dual infection/competition assay, employing peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In contrast with previous studies, we observed a trend of increasing fitness over time in the HIV epidemic of Amsterdam. Apparently, the bottleneck, occurring with each transmission event, does not completely reset the fitness increase acquired during disease progression.
authors: Department of Microbiology, Virology Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. ygali@itg.be <ygali@itg.be>
authors: Youssef
authors: Y
authors: Gali
authors: Ben
authors: B
authors: Berkhout
authors: Guido
authors: G
authors: Vanham
authors: Margreet
authors: M
authors: Bakker
authors: Nicole K T
authors: NK
authors: Back
authors: Kevin K
authors: KK
authors: Ariën
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D013997:Time Factors; D014774:Virulence; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral