title: Achievement of metabolic targets for diabetes by English primary care practices under a new system of incentives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse achievement of metabolic targets by English general practices following the introduction of a new system of incentives.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical data were abstracted from the records of 2099 patients at 26 general practices in South London. Cross-sectional data for 2005 were obtained for all general practices in England, including characteristics of registered populations, practice organizational characteristics and 'Quality and Outcomes Framework' (QOF) metabolic targets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 26 practices in South London, the median practice-specific proportion of patients achieving HbA(1c) < or = 7.4% each year increased: 2000, 22%; 2001, 32%; 2002, 37%; 2003, 38% and in 2005 from QOF, 57%. In 8484 general practices in England in 2005, the median proportion of diabetic patients with HbA(1c) < or = 7.4% was 59.0%; the highest and lowest centiles ranged from 27.7 to 89.8% among general practices, from 46.9 to 71.0% among 303 primary care trusts and from 49.9 to 67.1.% among 28 health authorities. Comparing the highest and lowest tertiles of deprivation, the per cent achieving HbA(1c) < or = 7.4% was 2.96% (95% confidence interval 2.23-3.69%) lower in the most deprived areas. In areas with the highest proportion of ethnic minorities, the per cent achieving HbA(1c) < or = 7.4% was 2.73% (1.85-3.61%) lower than where there were few ethnic minorities. Practices with the highest total QOF organization scores had more patients achieving the HbA(1c) target (difference 5.03%, 4.43-5.64%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intermediate outcomes are improving but deprived areas with less organized services achieve worse glycaemic control. Financial incentives may contribute to improved services and better clinical outcomes.
authors: Division of Health and Social Care Research, King's College London, UK. martin.gulliford@kcl.ac.uk
authors: M C
authors: MC
authors: Gulliford
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Ashworth
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Robotham
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Mohiddin
mesh_terms: D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000628:therapy*; D005194:Family Practice / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008131:London; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care; D011787:Quality of Health Care