title: Inward translocation of the phospholipid analogue miltefosine across Caco-2 cell membranes exhibits characteristics of a carrier-mediated process.
abstract: Miltefosine (hexadecylphosphocholine, HePC) is the first effective oral agent for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. The characteristics of HePC incorporation into the human intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2 were investigated in order to understand its oral absorption mechanism. The results provide evidence for the involvement of a carrier-mediated mechanism, since the association of HePC at the apical pole of Caco-2 cells was (1) saturable as a function of time with a rapid initial incorporation over 5 min followed by a more gradual increase; (2) saturable as a function of concentration over the range studied (2-200 microM) with a saturable component which followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics (apparent K (m) 15.7 micromol/L, V (max) 39.2 nmol/mg protein/h) and a nonspecific diffusion component; (3) partially inhibited by low temperature and ATP depletion, indicating the temperature and energy-dependence of the uptake process. Moreover, we demonstrated, by an albumin back-extraction method, that HePC is internalized via translocation from the outer to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane and that HePC may preferentially diffuse through intact raft microdomains. In conclusion, our results suggest that incorporation of HePC at the apical membrane of Caco-2 cells may occur through a passive diffusion followed by a translocation in the inner membrane leaflet through an active carrier-mediated mechanism.
authors: Laboratoire de Physico-chimie, Pharmacotechnie et Biopharmacie, UMR CNRS 8612 Faculté de Pharmacie, Univ. Paris-Sud 11, IFR 141, Tour D5, 2éme étage, 5 rue J.B. Clément, Châtenay-Malabry, Cedex 92296, France.
authors: Cécile
authors: C
authors: Ménez
authors: Marion
authors: M
authors: Buyse
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Farinotti
authors: Gillian
authors: G
authors: Barratt
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D004705:Endocytosis; D006801:Humans; D010767:Phosphorylcholine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010767:Phosphorylcholine; C039128:miltefosine