title: Thermal mapping of right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute and long-term success of catheter ablation of right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia (RVOT VT) may be limited by the inability to reproduce the arrhythmia at the time of activation (AM) and pace mapping (PM). We have observed early initiation of the clinical VT when subtherapeutic radiofrequency (RF) energy was applied to the target area (TA), defined as a 2-cm(2) area around a pace match. We describe a novel approach using thermal mapping (TM) to guide the ablation of RVOT VT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen patients (10 female, mean age 46.2 +/- 13.7 years) with symptomatic VT of left bundle branch block (LBBB) inferior axis morphology and no structural heart disease underwent standard electrophysiologic evaluation with PM (n = 13), AM (n = 13), and 3D noncontact mapping (n = 4). Thermal mapping was performed after standard techniques failed to induce stable sustained VT for mapping in all 13 patients: RF was applied for 5-10 seconds in the TA to achieve a tip temperature of 45-50 degrees C. At sites where morphologically consistent with the clinical VT was induced, RF was applied at target temperature between 50 and 60 degrees C for 30-60 seconds. TM was repeated before and after intravenous Isoproterenol infusion until no further VT could be induced by low temperature application.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Noninducibility was achieved in all 13 patients. During a mean follow-up of 29 months (9-69 months), all patients remain arrhythmia-free, off antiarrhythmic medications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thermal mapping is a safe and effective adjunctive technique for the mapping and ablation of RVOT VT when sustained tolerated clinical VT cannot be induced.
authors: Henry Low Heart Center at Hartford Hospital, and University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Hartford, Connecticut, USA. CAClyne@harthosp.org
authors: Christopher A
authors: CA
authors: Clyne
authors: Haris
authors: H
authors: Athar
authors: Anuj
authors: A
authors: Shah
authors: Rosemarie
authors: R
authors: Kahr
authors: Angel
authors: A
authors: Rentas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018780:Body Surface Potential Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D013817:Thermography / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014694:Ventricular Outflow Obstruction / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*