title: The effect of electrical stimulation on a normal skin blood flow in active young and older adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Electrical stimulation (ES) shows promising results in increasing healing of decubitus ulcers. Recent studies show that skin blood flows (SBFs) are enhanced if the subject is exposed to a warm environment during treatment. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if blood flow would increase with ES in a physically active older population without wounds in a warm environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two healthy physically active males were divided into a young group (YG) (N=15, age= 32.1+/-8.3 years) and an older group (OG) (N=8, age= 64.5+/-6.2 years). ES (30 Hz, pulse width 250 microsec and maximum current of 15 mA) was applied on the right thigh for 15 minutes with the subject in a thermoneutral (25+/-0.5 degrees C) and a warm (35+/-0.5 degrees C) environment on two days. Skin blood flow was monitored by Laser Doppler Imager. Tympanic temperature, sweat rates, and skin temperatures were monitored on the forehead, chest, and both thighs during the experiment to assess autonomic stress.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The skin temperatures and sweat rates were significantly higher in the YG than OG in the warm environment, with no differences found in the thermoneutral environment. In the warm environment, the SBFs were significantly different between pre, during, and post ES in both groups, and no difference was found between the two groups in either environment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The environment temperatures modulate the SBF response to ES. Global heat improves the SBF response to ES in non wounded skin in active young and old groups.
authors: Department of Physical Therapy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
authors: Abdul-Majeed A I
authors: AM
authors: Malty
authors: Jerrold
authors: J
authors: Petrofsky
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001831:Body Temperature; D002140:California; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D006801:Humans; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply*