title: GAD65 autoantibody epitopes in adult patients with latent autoimmune diabetes following GAD65 vaccination.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Subcutaneous injection of recombinant human GAD65 (rhGAD65) in patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) correlates with an increase in C-peptide levels. In this study we analysed the effect of rhGAD65 administration on the GAD65-specific autoimmune response.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal serum samples obtained from LADA patients (n = 47) who received 4, 20, 100 or 500 microg alum-formulated rhGAD65 or placebo by subcutaneous injection twice (4 weeks apart) were analysed for their epitope recognition using GAD65-specific recombinant Fab and GAD65/67 fusion proteins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, minor changes in the epitope pattern were observed using either approach. Only in the 500-microg dosage group was an increase in GAD65Ab level associated with a significant increase in the binding to a conformational epitope located at the middle part of GAD65.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that the apparent beneficial effects of 20 microg alum-formulated recombinant human GAD65 is not explained by changes in the GAD65Ab epitope pattern.
authors: Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
authors: L M
authors: LM
authors: Bekris
authors: R A
authors: RA
authors: Jensen
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Lagerquist
authors: T R
authors: TR
authors: Hall
authors: C-D
authors: CD
authors: Agardh
authors: C M
authors: CM
authors: Cilio
authors: A L
authors: AL
authors: Lethagen
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Lernmark
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Robertson
authors: C S
authors: CS
authors: Hampe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D000939:Epitopes / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D000939:Epitopes; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase