title: Socioeconomic status and risk for arsenic-related skin lesions in Bangladesh.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Arsenic contamination of groundwater is a severe public health crisis in Bangladesh, where the population is exposed to arsenic in drinking water through tube wells used for groundwater collection. In this study, we explored the association between socioeconomic status and arsenic toxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used baseline data from 11438 men and women who were recruited into the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS), a prospective cohort study on the health effects of arsenic exposure in Bangladesh. We conducted analyses with logistic regression and generalized estimating equations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a strong dose-response association with all measures of arsenic exposure and skin lesions. We also found that the effect of arsenic was modified by land ownership on a multiplicative scale, with an increased risk among non-land owners associated with well water arsenic (P=.04) and urinary total arsenic concentrations (P=.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study provides insight into potentially modifiable host characteristics and identifies factors that may effectively target susceptible population subgroups for appropriate interventions.
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Argos
authors: Faruque
authors: F
authors: Parvez
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Chen
authors: A Z M Iftikhar
authors: AZ
authors: Hussain
authors: Hassina
authors: H
authors: Momotaj
authors: Geoffrey R
authors: GR
authors: Howe
authors: Joseph H
authors: JH
authors: Graziano
authors: Habibul
authors: H
authors: Ahsan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001151:Arsenic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010067:Ownership; D012307:Risk Factors; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012923:Social Class; D014881:Water Supply / Q000191:economics*
chemical_list: D001151:Arsenic