title: Significance of TWIST and E-cadherin expression in the metastatic progression of prostatic cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Development of metastasis is one of the main causes of prostatic cancer-related death. We have previously found that up-regulation of TWIST, a highly conserved basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, in prostatic cancer cells can promote epithelial to mesenchymal transition through down-regulation of E-cadherin. The present study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of TWIST and to correlate TWIST and E-cadherin expression in prostatic cancer specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TWIST and E-cadherin expression was studied in 115 prostatic cancer specimens, eight cases of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and 37 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia by immunohistochemistry. Increased cytoplasmic expression of TWIST was associated with malignant transformation of prostatic epithelium and histological progression of prostatic cancer, while nuclear TWIST expression was significant in predicting the metastatic potential of the primary prostatic cancer. In addition, high levels of TWIST expression were also significantly associated with aberrant E-cadherin expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that TWIST may serve as a prognostic marker for high-grade prostatic cancer. In addition, up-regulation of TWIST in combination with aberrant E-cadherin expression in primary prostatic cancer specimens may predict development of distal metastatic disease.
authors: Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
authors: H-F
authors: HF
authors: Yuen
authors: C-W
authors: CW
authors: Chua
authors: Y-P
authors: YP
authors: Chan
authors: Y-C
authors: YC
authors: Wong
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: K-W
authors: KW
authors: Chan
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000556:secondary; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019048:Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000556:secondary; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D051879:Twist-Related Protein 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015820:Cadherins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C103173:TWIST1 protein, human; D051879:Twist-Related Protein 1