[Causes of lung cancer: smoking, environmental tobacco smoke exposure, occupational and environmental exposures and genetic predisposition].
Every year, in Spain 18,000 new cases of lung cancer (LC) are diagnosed. Approximately, 80-90% LC in men and women are directly attributable to tobacco abuse. Cigarette smoke contains over 300 chemicals, 40 of which are known to be potent carcinogens. In the last decade, as in Spain, prevalence of smoking in women has generally increased in the European Union. LC risk can be substantially reduced after smoking cessation, yet never reaches baseline. On the other hand, environmental tobacco smoke exposure (passive smoking) in nonsmokers appears to have a significantly increased risk of LC. An updated of etiology factors of LC, risk related to duration as well as intensity of smoking, relationship between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and LC risk, genetic predisposition and a variety of occupational and environmental exposures implicated as potential risk factors for the development of LC will be reviewed here.
Gómez Raposo
César
C
Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España. c_gomezraposo@hotmail.com
De Castro Carpeño
Javier
J
González Barón
Manuel
M
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001194:Asbestos / Q000009:adverse effects; D001711:Biotransformation; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental / Q000009:adverse effects; D003043:Cocarcinogenesis; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000209:etiology; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D011886:Radon / Q000009:adverse effects; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects
D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D001194:Asbestos; D011886:Radon