The suprapetrosal craniotomy.
OBJECTIVE
The primary aim of this study was to establish standard sites for bur holes that maintain constant anatomical relationships with the skull base and neural structures and can serve as the basal aspect of supratentorial temporooccipital craniotomies.


METHODS
To determine cranial-cerebral relationships, the authors created bur holes in 16 adult cadaveric skulls. Three bur holes were made on each side of the skulls (32 cerebral hemispheres). The authors then introduced plastic catheters through the bur holes to evaluate pertinent cranial and neural landmarks. The first bur hole, located anterior to the auricle of the ear, appeared to have a particular anatomical relationship with the anterior aspect of the petrous portion of the temporal bone and the most anterior aspect of the midbrain. The second bur hole, whose base was located 1 cm above the interface of the parietomastoid and squamous sutures, had a particular relationship with the posterior border of the petrous portion of the temporal bone and with the posterior aspect of the midbrain. The third bur hole, whose base was located 1 cm above the asterion, was mostly supratentorial and particularly related to the preoccipital notch.


CONCLUSIONS
The preauricular bur hole and the bur hole whose base was located 1 cm above the interface of the parietomastoid and squamous sutures delimit anteriorly and posteriorly the external projection of the petrous bone and the midbrain. The middle fossa floor is located anterior to the site of the preauricular bur hole, and the superior surface of the tentorium is posterior to the bur hole located above the parietomastoid-squamous suture interface. Together with the bur hole whose base is located above the asterion, these bur holes can be considered standards for temporooccipital craniotomies.
Ribas
Guilherme Carvalhal
GC
Clinical Anatomy Discipline, Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil. guilherme@ribas.med.br
Rodrigues
Aldo Junqueira Júnior
AJ
D000328:Adult; D002102:Cadaver; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D003393:Cranial Sutures / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010579:Petrous Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D019291:Skull Base / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D015050:Zygoma / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery