title: Oral administration of Ginkgo biloba extract, EGb-761 inhibits thermal hyperalgesia in rodent models of inflammatory and post-surgical pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studies in vitro suggest that the standardised extract of Ginkgo biloba, EGb-761 has anti-inflammatory properties and modulatory effects on key pain-related molecules. This study investigated the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of EGb-761 on carrageenan-induced inflammatory and hindpaw incisional pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult male Wistar rats (n=6-10/group; 250-420 g) were injected intradermally with carrageenan into the left hindpaw or anaesthetised with isoflurane (2%) and a longitudinal 1 cm incision was made through the skin, fascia and plantaris muscle of the hindpaw. EGb-761 (3, 10, 30, 100 or 300 mg kg(-1)), diclofenac (5 mg kg(-1)) or drug-vehicle was administered 3 h post-carrageenan/post-surgery. Hindpaw withdrawal latency (in seconds) to thermal stimulation, response threshold (in grams) to mechanical stimulation and paw volume were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Carrageenan induced significant mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia and paw oedema at 6 h post-carrageenan, while paw incision surgery induced significant mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia at 6 and 24 h post-surgery. Administration of EGb-761 dose-dependently inhibited thermal hyperalgesia and was equally effective as diclofenac (5 mg kg(-1)) in both the carrageenan and hindpaw incision model. EGb-761 had no effect on carrageenan- or incision-induced mechanical allodynia or paw oedema. Diclofenac significantly reduced mechanical allodynia in both models and carrageenan-induced paw oedema.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EGb-761 dose-dependently alleviates acute inflammatory and surgically induced thermal hyperalgesia and is comparable to diclofenac, a commonly prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. This indicates that EGb-761 has analgesic potential in acute inflammatory pain.
authors: Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Biddlestone
authors: A D
authors: AD
authors: Corbett
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Dolan
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D020441:Ginkgo biloba; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000096983:Ginkgo Extract
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002351:Carrageenan; D004008:Diclofenac; D010936:Plant Extracts; C063170:Ginkgo biloba extract; D000096983:Ginkgo Extract