title: Alleviation of seasonal allergic symptoms with superfine beta-1,3-glucan: a randomized study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of allergic symptoms to cedar pollen has reached epidemic proportions in Japan. Intravenous injection of beta-1,3-glucan in human subjects is known to induce a T(H)1 response, whereas oral uptake does not.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  It was examined whether orally ingested, superfine dispersed beta-1,3-glucan (SDG), easily absorbed by intestinal mucosa, would alleviate allergic symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Allergic patients were orally administrated either SDG (n = 30) or nondispersed beta-1,3-glucan (n = 30), and allergic symptoms were assessed clinically in a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SDG alleviated ongoing symptoms of Japanese cedar pollen-induced rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal congestion, and itchy watery eyes, and its oral uptake before symptom onset exhibited preventive effects. Alleviation of allergic symptoms was evident not only for seasonal allergy to cedar pollen but also for perennial allergy. Oral ingestion of beta-1,3-glucan in individuals with allergic tropism could reduce the spontaneous increase in both allergen-specific and total IgE titers. The clinical responses to treatment were well correlated with the capacity of monocytes to bind to beta-1,3-glucan. Although SDG reduced allergic symptoms, the oral uptake of nondispersed beta-1,3-glucan produced no clinical effects, despite the identical amount of beta-1,3-glucan in both preparations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We postulate that orally taken beta-1,3-glucan prepared in a form easily absorbed by intestinal mucosa is able to alleviate cedar pollen-induced allergic symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Orally effective SDG might greatly contribute to the resolution of epidemic medical problems of seasonal cedar pollen-induced allergy.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Meiji University of Oriental Medicine. jyamada@ophth.kpu-m.ac.jp
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Yamada
authors: Junji
authors: J
authors: Hamuro
authors: Hiroki
authors: H
authors: Hatanaka
authors: Kuniko
authors: K
authors: Hamabata
authors: Shigeru
authors: S
authors: Kinoshita
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D003233:Conjunctivitis, Allergic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D032485:Cryptomeria / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011058:Pollen / Q000009:adverse effects; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000188:drug therapy*; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D047071:beta-Glucans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; C033363:beta-1,3-glucan