Stakeholder perspectives on new ways of delivering unscheduled health care: the role of ownership and organizational identity.
OBJECTIVE
To explore stakeholder perspectives of the implementation of a new, national integrated nurse-led telephone advice and consultation service [National Health Service 24 (NHS 24)], comparing the views of stakeholders from different health care organizations.


METHODS
Semi-structured interviews with 26 stakeholders including partner organizations located in primary and secondary unscheduled care settings [general practitioner (GP) out-of-hours cooperative; accident and emergency department; national ambulance service, members of NHS 24 and national policy makers. Attendance at key meetings, documentary review and email implementation diaries provided a contextual history of events with which interview data could be compared.


RESULTS
The contextual history of events highlighted a fast-paced implementation process, with little time for reflection. Key areas of partner concern were increasing workload, the clinical safety of nurse triage and the lack of communication across the organizations. Concerns were most apparent within the GP out-of-hours cooperative, leading to calls for the dissolution of the partnership. Accident and emergency and ambulance service responses were more conciliatory, suggesting that such problems were to be expected within the developmental phase of a new organization. Further exploration of these responses highlighted the sense of ownership within the GP cooperative, with GPs having both financial and philosophical ownership of the cooperative. This was not apparent within the other two partner organizations, in particular the ambulance service, which operated on a regional model very similar to that of NHS 24.


CONCLUSIONS
As the delivery of unscheduled primary health care crosses professional boundaries and locations, different organizations and professional groups must develop new ways of partnership working, developing trust and confidence in each other. The results of this study highlight, for the first time, the key importance of understanding the professional ownership and identity of individual organizations, in order to facilitate the most effective mechanisms to enable that partnership working.
Haddow
Gill
G
Community Health Sciences - General Practice, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. gill.haddow@ed.ac.uk
O'Donnell
Catherine A
CA
Heaney
David
D
D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D019033:Delivery of Health Care, Integrated / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006268:Health Facilities; D015277:Hotlines; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D024802:Nurse's Role; D010067:Ownership; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D013222:State Medicine / Q000458:organization & administration; D014218:Triage; D006113:United Kingdom