title: Elucidating the ticking of an in vitro circadian clockwork.
abstract: A biochemical oscillator can be reconstituted in vitro with three purified proteins, that displays the salient properties of circadian (daily) rhythms, including self-sustained 24-h periodicity that is temperature compensated. We analyze the biochemical basis of this oscillator by quantifying the time-dependent interactions of the three proteins (KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC) by electron microscopy and native gel electrophoresis to elucidate the timing of the formation of complexes among the Kai proteins. The data are used to derive a dynamic model for the in vitro oscillator that accurately reproduces the rhythms of KaiABC complexes and of KaiC phosphorylation, and is consistent with biophysical observations of individual Kai protein interactions. We use fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to confirm that monomer exchange among KaiC hexamers occurs. The model demonstrates that the function of this monomer exchange may be to maintain synchrony among the KaiC hexamers in the reaction, thereby sustaining a high-amplitude oscillation. Finally, we apply the first perturbation analyses of an in vitro oscillator by using temperature pulses to reset the phase of the KaiABC oscillator, thereby testing the resetting characteristics of this unique circadian oscillator. This study analyzes a circadian clockwork to an unprecedented level of molecular detail.
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
authors: Tetsuya
authors: T
authors: Mori
authors: Dewight R
authors: DR
authors: Williams
authors: Mark O
authors: MO
authors: Byrne
authors: Ximing
authors: X
authors: Qin
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Egli
authors: Hassane S
authors: HS
authors: Mchaourab
authors: Phoebe L
authors: PL
authors: Stewart
authors: Carl Hirschie
authors: CH
authors: Johnson
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001665:Binding Sites; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D031541:Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D010766:Phosphorylation; D046940:Synechococcus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins