title: Risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus infection among blood donors in Sao Paulo, Brazil, and their relevance to current donor deferral criteria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to investigate risk factors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive blood donors in Brazil and to determine if current donor deferral criteria are appropriate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographic and behavioral data among cases with confirmed HIV seropositivity (n = 272) were compared with those who had a false-positive serology (n = 468) between January 1999 and December 2003 in a case-control analysis with logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Risk factors that should have resulted in predonation deferral were reported by 48.9 percent of HIV-positive and 9.4 percent of false-positive donors. In multivariate analysis, male cases were significantly more likely to report male-male sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 26.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.8-87.4), a previous sexually transmitted disease diagnosis (AOR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.5-6.9), exchanging money for sex (AOR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.0-4.2), and at least two partners in the past 12 months (AOR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.4-3.6). HIV-positive male donors were also more likely to be reactive for the presence of hepatitis C virus antibody (AOR, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.3-12.0) and hepatitis B virus core antibody (AOR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.9-7.7). Female cases were more likely to report an intravenous drug user partner (AOR, 12.4; 95% CI, 1.3-120.2), a sexual partner with multiple sex partners or who had a history of sex with a sex worker (AOR, 13.0; 95% CI, 2.7-63.2), and at least two partners in the past 12 months (AOR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.0-5.3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A substantial number of HIV-infected donors reported a risk factor that could have been identified in the predonation screening. Male-male sexual behavior was still the strongest determinant of HIV status in the studied population.
authors: Pro-Blood Foundation, Blood Center of Sao Paulo, Brazil. cesarnt@uol.com.br
authors: Cesar
authors: C
authors: de Almeida Neto
authors: William
authors: W
authors: McFarland
authors: Edward L
authors: EL
authors: Murphy
authors: Sanny
authors: S
authors: Chen
authors: Fatima Aparecida Hangai
authors: FA
authors: Nogueira
authors: Alfredo
authors: A
authors: Mendrone
authors: Nanci Alves
authors: NA
authors: Salles
authors: Dalton Alencar Fischer
authors: DA
authors: Chamone
authors: Ester Cerdeira
authors: EC
authors: Sabino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001782:Blood Donors / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001938:Brazil; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012747:Sexual Partners; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000821:virology