title: Cigarette smoke induces demethylation of prometastatic oncogene synuclein-gamma in lung cancer cells by downregulation of DNMT3B.
abstract: The prometastatic oncogene synuclein-gamma (SNCG) is not expressed in normal lung tissues, but it is highly expressed in lung tumors. Here, we show that cigarette smoke extract (CSE) has strong inducing effects on SNCG gene expression in A549 lung cancer cells through demethylation of SNCG CpG island. CSE treatment also augments the invasive capacity of A549 cells in an SNCG-dependent manner. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the demethylating effects of CSE, we examined expression levels of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), 1, 3A and 3B in CSE-treated cells. We show that the mRNA expression of DNMT3B is specifically downregulated by CSE with a kinetics concurrent to SNCG reexpression. Utilizing siRNA to knockdown DNMT3B expression, we show that inhibition of DNMT3B directly increases SNCG mRNA expression. We further show that exogenous overexpression of DNMT3B in an SNCG-positive lung cancer cell line H292 suppresses SNCG mRNA and protein expression and induces de novo methylation of SNCG CpG island, whereas overexpression of DNMT1 or DNMT3A has no effects. Taken together, these new findings demonstrate that tobacco exposure induces the abnormal expression of SNCG in lung cancer cells through downregulation of DNMT3B. This work sheds light on the molecular understanding of demethylation of this oncogene during cancer progression.
authors: Department of Veterans Affairs, Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Liu
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Zhou
authors: S E
authors: SE
authors: Boggs
authors: S A
authors: SA
authors: Belinsky
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D018899:CpG Islands; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases / Q000235:genetics*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D018450:Disease Progression; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D051845:gamma-Synuclein / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000097584:DNA Methyltransferase 3B
chemical_list: D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D051845:gamma-Synuclein; D000097584:DNA Methyltransferase 3B; C104249:SNCG protein, human