title: Accuracy of a novel approach to measuring arterial thermodilution cardiac output during intra-aortic counterpulsation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the agreement between a novel approach of arterial and the pulmonary artery bolus thermodilution for measuring cardiac output in critically ill patients during aortic counterpulsation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen male patients aged 37-80 years, undergoing preoperative insertion of an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) and elective coronary artery bypass grafting. A thin 1.3FG thermistor was introduced through the pressure lumen to the tip of an 8FG IABP catheter, and the pump rate was set at 1:1. After arrival in the intensive care unit cardiac output (CO) was measured under haemodynamic steady-state conditions hourly for 8-11 h, and arterial bolus thermodilution (BCO(iabp)) and pulmonary artery bolus thermodilution (BCO(pulm)) were determined after the patients' admission to the intensive care unit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 198 data pairs were obtained: 177 with aortic counterpulsation and 21 without. During aortic counterpulsation, median CO was 6.8 l/min for BCO(iabp) and 6.1 l/min for BCO(pulm), without aortic counterpulsation; corresponding values were 7.1 l/min for BCO(iabp) and 6.5 l/min for BCO(pulm) with aortic counterpulsation. Mean bias was +0.77 l/min, limits of agreement ( +/- 2 SD) were -1.27/+2.81 l/min, and mean error (2 SD/[(BCO(iabp )+ BCO(pulm))/2] was 31.4%. Without aortic counterpulsation, corresponding values were +0.43 l/min, -1.03/+1.87 l/min, and 22.4%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Agreement between BCO(iabp) and BCO(pulm) was satisfactory for CO values between 2.0 and 10 l/min only without aortic counterpulsation. BCO(iabp) CO measurements during aortic counterpulsation after coronary artery bypass grafting cannot be recommended at the present time.
authors: Division of Cardiac Anaesthesia, Institute of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland. werner.baulig@usz.ch
authors: Werner
authors: W
authors: Baulig
authors: Philipp
authors: P
authors: Schuett
authors: Oliver
authors: O
authors: Goedje
authors: Edith R
authors: ER
authors: Schmid
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001011:Aorta / Q000473:pathology*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D002302:Cardiac Output; D015908:Counterpulsation; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013696:Temperature; D013815:Thermodilution / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide