title: Effects of pegylated interferon alfa-2b on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of methadone: a prospective, nonrandomized, crossover study in patients coinfected with hepatitis C and HIV receiving methadone maintenance treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is common among methadone-maintained HIV-positive individuals. Pegylated interferon (pegIFN) used in combination with ribavirin is conventional treatment for HCV. However, pegIFN has been associated with adverse effects (AEs) that may simulate opioid withdrawal and be confused with insufficient methadone dosage.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine, using methadone pharmacokinetic properties, whether methadone dosage adjustments are needed on initiation of treatment with pegIFN alfa-2b for HCV in methadone-maintained HIV-positive patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective, nonrandomized, crossover study was conducted at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (Bronx, New York). Patients who were aged > or =18 years, coinfected with chronic HCV and HIV, and had been receiving methadone maintenance treatment (dosage, 40-200 mg/d PO) for at least 8 weeks prior to enrollment were eligible. We determined mean methadone C(max), T(max), Cn,in, AUC, and oral clearance (CL/F) values over a 24-hour period before (baseline) and after the administration of pegIFN alfa-2b 1.5 microg/kg SC (2 doses given 1 week apart). To determine differences in opiate withdrawal symptoms, one of the primary investigators administered the Subjective Opiate Withdrawal Scale (SOWS) and Objective Opiate Withdrawal Scale (OOWS) at baseline and 7, 14, and 21 days after the administration of the first dose. Study participants underwent weekly clinical evaluation for signs and symptoms of methadone withdrawal and for AEs of pegIFN.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine patients were included in the study (7 men, 2 women; 7 Hispanic, 2 black; mean [SD] age, 41 [8.3] years; mean [SD] weight, 75.0 [12.3] kg). We did not observe any significant changes from baseline in mean C(max), T(max), C(min), AUC, and CL/F values despite 80% power to detect a 30% change in either direction. Changes from baseline in SOWS and OOWS scores were not statistically significant. The only AEs reported were mild and consistent with those expected after pegIFN alfa-2b administration, such as inflammation at the injection site and mild, brief, flu-like symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the results of this small, prospective, nonrandomized study, pegIFN alfa-2b did not appear to precipitate opioid withdrawal in this sample of methadone-maintained persons with HIV and chronic HCV coinfection; methadone dosage adjustments were unlikely to be needed.
authors: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10461, USA. sberk@montefiore.org
authors: Steven I
authors: SI
authors: Berk
authors: Alain H
authors: AH
authors: Litwin
authors: Julia H
authors: JH
authors: Arnsten
authors: Evelyn
authors: E
authors: Du
authors: Irene
authors: I
authors: Soloway
authors: Marc N
authors: MN
authors: Gourevitch
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C417083:peginterferon alfa-2b; D008691:Methadone