title: Relationships between heart rate variability, vascular function, and adiposity in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationships and interactions between cardiovascular autonomic nervous system (cANS) function, adiposity, and vascular function in children of varying levels of adiposity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were children (19 M, 17 F, age = 11.5 +/- 0.1 years) who had cANS function assessed via heart rate variability (HRV) methods during resting conditions. Vascular function was assessed with brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and nitroglycerin-induced dilation. Spectral power of HRV was calculated for high frequency normalized units (HFnu; measure of PSNS activity) and low frequency:high frequency ratio (LF:HF; overall sympathovagal balance). A blood sample was drawn for measurement of fasting insulin, glucose, lipids, and C-reactive protein (CRP). Results were reported as mean +/- SEM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FMD peak dilation was positively related to HFnu (r = 0.48, P = 0.01) and negatively related to LF:HF (r = -0.51, P = 0.01) indicating that reduced parasympathetic activity and states of dysfunctional sympathovagal balance were associated with decreased vascular function. After adjustment for confounding factors (insulin, CRP, age) and fat mass, the relationships between these measures of cANS and vascular function remained moderately strong and significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate a relationship between cANS and vascular function that is independent of fat mass, inflammation (CRP), and fasting insulin in children of varying levels of adiposity. These relationships and the mechanisms by which they exist require further study to allow for the identification of appropriate therapies for children with high levels of adiposity given the likelihood of them having concomitant cANS and vascular dysfunction.
authors: School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. kauf0127@umn.edu
authors: Christopher L
authors: CL
authors: Kaufman
authors: Daniel R
authors: DR
authors: Kaiser
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Steinberger
authors: Donald R
authors: DR
authors: Dengel
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D002648:Child; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D005996:Nitroglycerin