Recent developments in headspace microextraction techniques for the analysis of environmental contaminants in different matrices.
Headspace microextraction procedures such as solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and single drop microextraction (SDME) or liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) are increasingly used for the extraction of environmental organic pollutants from a variety of aqueous, viscous, semisolid and solid environmental and biological matrices. In this article, recent analytical applications of these methodologies when used as an isolation and trace enrichment step prior to the analysis of organic pollutants (pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated compounds, organotin compounds, phenolic derivatives, aromatic amines, phthalates, etc.) by gas and liquid chromatography are reviewed. The applicability and inherent limitations of headspace microextraction are also discussed. The future direction of research in this field and general trends toward commercial applications are considered.
Lambropoulou
Dimitra A
DA
Laboratory of Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece. dlambro@cc.uoi.gr
Konstantinou
Ioannis K
IK
Albanis
Triantafyllos A
TA
D004147:Dioxins / Q000032:analysis; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic / Q000032:analysis; D009947:Organotin Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*
D004147:Dioxins; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; D009947:Organotin Compounds; D010575:Pesticides; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls