Cyclin-dependent kinases: molecular switches controlling anergy and potential therapeutic targets for tolerance.
A large body of research has established the importance of costimulatory signals and proliferation for the generation of productive T cell immune responses. While costimulation and cell cycle progression are each individually necessary for CD4+ effector T cell differentiation, it has become clear that neither of these processes alone is sufficient to avoid anergy. This review outlines the links between T cell differentiation, tolerance, and the cell cycle, and highlights recent work that has implicated cyclin-dependent kinases as important regulators and potential targets for modulation of T cell immunity and tolerance.
Wells
Andrew D
AD
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Joseph Stokes, Jr. Research Institute, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. adwells@mail.med.upenn.edu
D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle; D050756:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000276:immunology*; D007167:Immunotherapy; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*
D050756:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Proteins; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases