T-lymphocyte navigation and migration: beyond the PI3K paradigm.
The co-ordinated and directional trafficking of T-lymphocytes in lymphoid and peripheral tissues is an important process in lymphoid development, immunosurveillance and immune responses. Members of the chemokine superfamily play a key role in providing navigational cues for T-cells and chemokine receptors couple with a wide range of biochemical signals including phosphoinositide lipid metabolism, elevation of intracellular calcium levels, activation of a wide array of protein kinases as well as small GTPases. One of the most robust biochemical signals elicited by chemokines in T-lymphocytes is the activation of several members of the PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) family. In many cell systems, PI3Ks are known to contribute to several aspects of the migratory machinery, although their role in T-cell migration has been unclear and will be considered in the present paper.
Smith
L
L
Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK.
Webb
A
A
Ward
S G
SG
D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement; D018925:Chemokines / Q000502:physiology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
D018925:Chemokines; D007527:Isoenzymes; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C