Smoking cessation patterns in methadone-maintained smokers.
To determine predictors of smoking cessation duration in a randomized clinical trial, we assigned participants to nicotine patch (8-12 weeks) plus either (a) a baseline tailored brief motivational intervention, a quit date behavioral skills counseling session, and a relapse prevention follow-up session, or (b) brief advice using the National Cancer Institute's 4A's model. A total of 383 smokers from five methadone maintenance treatment centers in Rhode Island were enrolled, of whom 312 (82%) completed 6-month follow-up assessments. The primary outcome was longest period of self-reported abstinence during follow-up. Participants were on average 40.5 years of age; 51.9% were male, and 77.6% were White. In multivariate analysis controlling for demographics, nicotine dependence, depressive symptoms, and smoking-related symptoms, we found longer periods of abstinence in persons reporting at least one 24-hr quit attempt in the year prior to baseline (OR = 1.97, p = .003), in those anticipating success in cessation (OR = 1.33, p = .024), and in those with a greater percentage of nicotine patch use days (OR = 2.78, p<.001). Past quit attempts, self-efficacy, and constant nicotine replacement were associated with duration of abstinence among methadone-maintained smokers. Attention to these domains in future intervention studies may improve treatment success.
Stein
Michael D
MD
Department of Medicine, Brown Medical School, Providence, RI, USA. mstein@lifespan.org
Anderson
Bradley J
BJ
Niaura
Raymond
R
D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000328:Adult; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011614:Psychotherapy, Brief / Q000379:methods; D012237:Rhode Island; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D009538:Nicotine; D008691:Methadone