title: Accumulation and elimination profiles of paralytic shellfish poison in the short-necked clam Tapes japonica fed with the toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum.
abstract: The paralytic shellfish poison (PSP)-producing dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum (Gc) was fed to the short-necked clam Tapes japonica, and the accumulation, transformation and elimination profiles of PSP were investigated by means of high-performance liquid chromatography with postcolumn fluorescence derivatization (HPLC-FLD). The short-necked clams ingested most of the Gc cells (4 x 10(6) cells) supplied as a bolus at the beginning of the experiment, and accumulated a maximal amount of toxin (181 nmol/10 clams) after 12 hr. The rate of toxin accumulation at that time was 16%, which rapidly decreased thereafter. During the rearing period, a variation in toxin composition, derived presumably from the transformation of toxin analogues in the clams, was observed, including a reversal of the ratio of C2 to C1, and the appearance of carbamate (gonyautoxin (GTX) 2, 3) and decarbamoyl (dc) derivatives (decarbamoylsaxitoxin (dcSTX) and dcGTX2, 3), which were undetectable in Gc cells. The total amount of toxin contained in clams and residue (remaining Gc cells and/or excrement in the rearing tank) gradually declined, and only about 1% of the supplied toxin was detected at the end of the experiment.
authors: Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nagasaki University: 1-14, Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
authors: Mohamad
authors: M
authors: Samsur
authors: Tomohiro
authors: T
authors: Takatani
authors: Yasunaga
authors: Y
authors: Yamaguchi
authors: Takefumi
authors: T
authors: Sagara
authors: Tamao
authors: T
authors: Noguchi
authors: Osamu
authors: O
authors: Arakawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008387:Marine Toxins