title: Prevalence and impact of paratonia in Alzheimer disease in a multiracial sample.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Paratonia is an external stimulus dependent increase in muscle tone that is absent at rest. It is thought to occur commonly in Alzheimer disease (AD) but is understudied. This study examines paratonia in a multiracial sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 80 patients who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria for AD. They received a battery of neuropsychiatric assessments. The authors examined the relationship between paratonia and multiple variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bivariate and logistic regression analyses revealed that paratonia correlated significantly with disease stage (based on the Geriatric Depression Scale) and number of frontal release symptoms. There were no significant correlations of paratonia with age, race, sex, depression, physical health, neuroimaging findings, functioning, or neuropsychiatric symptoms. The authors found significant association with frontal symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The potential utility of paratonia as an independent marker of disease stage in AD and its role in signifying frontal lobe dysfunction suggests that closer attention should be paid to its assessment.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA. ipsit@hotmail.com
authors: Ipsit
authors: I
authors: Vahia
authors: Carl I
authors: CI
authors: Cohen
authors: Alla
authors: A
authors: Prehogan
authors: Zaitoon
authors: Z
authors: Memon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009122:Muscle Hypertonia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009519:New York City; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013223:Statistics as Topic