Protein kinase C and other diacylglycerol effectors in cancer.
Almost three decades after the discovery of protein kinase C (PKC), we still have only a partial understanding of how this family of serine/threonine kinases is involved in tumour promotion. PKC isozymes - effectors of diacylglycerol (DAG) and the main targets of phorbol-ester tumour promoters - have important roles in cell-cycle regulation, cellular survival, malignant transformation and apoptosis. How do PKC isozymes regulate these diverse cellular processes and what are their contributions to carcinogenesis? Moreover, what is the contribution of all phorbol-ester effectors, which include PKCs and small G-protein regulators? We now face the challenge of dissecting the relative contribution of each DAG signal to cancer progression.
Griner
Erin M
EM
Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (ITMAT), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6160, USA.
Kazanietz
Marcelo G
MG
D017209:Apoptosis; D002453:Cell Cycle; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D010703:Phorbol Esters / Q000494:pharmacology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000502:physiology*
D004075:Diglycerides; D007527:Isoenzymes; D010703:Phorbol Esters; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases