title: In vivo translation and stability of trans-spliced mRNAs in nematode embryos.
abstract: Spliced leader trans-splicing adds a short exon, the spliced leader (SL), to pre-mRNAs to generate 5' ends of mRNAs. Addition of the SL in metazoa also adds a new cap to the mRNA, a trimethylguanosine (m(3)(2,2,7)GpppN) (TMG) that replaces the typical eukaryotic monomethylguanosine (m7GpppN)(m7G) cap. Both trans-spliced (m3(2,2,7)GpppN-SL-RNA) and not trans-spliced (m7GpppN-RNA) mRNAs are present in the same cells. Previous studies using cell-free systems to compare the overall translation of trans-spliced versus non-trans-spliced RNAs led to different conclusions. Here, we examine the contribution of m3(2,2,7)GpppG-cap and SL sequence and other RNA elements to in vivo mRNA translation and stability in nematode embryos. Although 70-90% of all nematode mRNAs have a TMG-cap, the TMG cap does not support translation as well as an m7G-cap. However, when the TMG cap and SL are present together, they synergistically interact and translation is enhanced, indicating both trans-spliced elements are necessary to promote efficient translation. The SL by itself does not act as a cap-independent enhancer of translation. The poly(A)-tail synergistically interacts with the mRNA cap enhancing translation and plays a greater role in facilitating translation of TMG-SL mRNAs. In general, recipient mRNA sequences between the SL and AUG and the 3' UTR do not significantly contribute to the translation of trans-spliced mRNAs. Overall, the combination of TMG cap and SL contribute to mRNA translation and stability in a manner typical of a eukaryotic m7G-cap and 5' UTRs, but they do not differentially enhance mRNA translation or stability compared to RNAs without the trans-spliced elements.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
authors: Guofeng
authors: G
authors: Cheng
authors: Leah
authors: L
authors: Cohen
authors: Claudette
authors: C
authors: Mikhli
authors: Marzena
authors: M
authors: Jankowska-Anyszka
authors: Janusz
authors: J
authors: Stepinski
authors: Edward
authors: E
authors: Darzynkiewicz
authors: Richard E
authors: RE
authors: Davis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001200:Ascaris / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D006207:Half-Life; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D020871:RNA Stability; D018510:RNA, Helminth / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020038:RNA, Spliced Leader / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020040:Trans-Splicing
chemical_list: D018510:RNA, Helminth; D020038:RNA, Spliced Leader