Respiratory responses to diverse indoor combustion air pollution sources.
Diverse indoor combustion sources contribute to the indoor air environment. To evaluate the effect of these sources on human respiratory health, we examined associations between respiratory conditions and household factors in the 2360 children's fathers (mean = 38.4 years old) and associations between lung function and household factors in 463 primary school children (mean = 8.3 years old) from Wuhan, China. Factor analysis developed new uncorrelated 'factor' variables. Unconditional logistic regression models or linear regression models, controlling for important covariates, estimated the respiratory health effects. Coal smoke derived from home heating ('heating coal smoke') was associated with high adult reporting of persistent cough, persistent phlegm, and wheeze. Cooking coal smoke was associated with physician-diagnosed adult asthma and decreased forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory volume at 1 s (FEV(1)) in children. The presence of any home cigarette smoker was associated with more reports of persistent cough, persistent phlegm, cough with phlegm, and bronchitis. Our study suggests that in Wuhan, there may be independent respiratory health effects of different indoor combustion sources and their exposure factors for these study populations.


CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that multiple indoor air pollution sources could have adverse respiratory health effects on both children and middle-aged men in the city of Wuhan, China. These results may have implications for the Wuhan local government, the Chinese government, or other related organizations in efforts on protecting public health through regulation of indoor air pollution from indoor combustion sources.
Qian
Z
Z
Department of Health Evaluation Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033-0855, USA. zqian@psu.edu
He
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Kong
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Xu
F
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Wei
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Chapman
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Chen
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Edwards
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Bascom
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D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003031:Coal / Q000633:toxicity*; D003296:Cooking; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005220:Fathers; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D006361:Heating; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000187:drug effects
D000393:Air Pollutants; D003031:Coal; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution