title: Methamphetamine-induced locomotor activity and sensitization in dopamine transporter and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 double mutant mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The dopamine transporter (DAT) and the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) play pivotal roles in the action of methamphetamine (MAP), including acute locomotor effects and behavioral sensitization. However, the relative impact of heterozygous DAT and VMAT2 knockouts (KOs) on the behavioral effects of MAP remains unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the roles of DAT and VMAT2 in MAP-induced locomotor behavior, we examined locomotor activity and sensitization in heterozygous DAT KO (DAT+/-), heterozygous VMAT2 KO (VMAT2+/-), double heterozygous DAT/VMAT2 KO (DAT+/-VMAT2+/-), and wild-type (WT) mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acute 1 mg/kg MAP injection induced significant locomotor increases in WT and VMAT2+/- mice but not in DAT+/- and DAT+/-VMAT2+/- mice. Acute 2 mg/kg MAP significantly increased locomotor activity in all genotypes. Repeated 1 mg/kg MAP injections revealed a delayed and attenuated development of sensitization in DAT+/- and DAT+/-VMAT2+/- mice compared to WT mice and delayed development in VMAT2+/- mice. In repeated 2 mg/kg MAP injections, DAT+/- and DAT+/-VMAT2+/- mice showed delayed but not attenuated development of sensitization, while there was no difference in the onset of sensitization between VMAT2+/- and WT mice. In DAT+/-VMAT2+/- mice, all of MAP-induced behavioral responses were similar to those in DAT+/- but not VMAT2+/- mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heterozygous deletion of DAT attenuates the locomotor effects of MAP and may play larger role in behavioral responses to MAP compared to heterozygous deletion of VMAT2.
authors: Department of Biological Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
authors: Setsu
authors: S
authors: Fukushima
authors: Haowei
authors: H
authors: Shen
authors: Harumi
authors: H
authors: Hata
authors: Arihisa
authors: A
authors: Ohara
authors: Kayo
authors: K
authors: Ohmi
authors: Kazutaka
authors: K
authors: Ikeda
authors: Yohtaro
authors: Y
authors: Numachi
authors: Hideaki
authors: H
authors: Kobayashi
authors: F Scott
authors: FS
authors: Hall
authors: George R
authors: GR
authors: Uhl
authors: Ichiro
authors: I
authors: Sora
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D050493:Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; C493453:Slc18a2 protein, mouse; D050493:Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins; D008694:Methamphetamine