Purine and pyrimidine receptors.
Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), in addition to its intracellular roles, acts as an extracellular signalling molecule via a rich array of receptors, which have been cloned and characterised. P1 receptors are selective for adenosine, a breakdown product of ATP, produced after degradation by ectonucleotidases. Four subtypes have been identified, A(1), A(2A), A(2B) and A(3) receptors. P2 receptors are activated by purines and some subtypes also by pyrimidines. P2X receptors are ligand-gated ion channel receptors and seven subunits have been identified, which form both homomultimers and heteromultimers. P2Y receptors are G protein-coupled receptors, and eight subtypes have been cloned and characterised to date.
Burnstock
G
G
Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK. g.burnstock@ucl.ac.uk
D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D019281:Dimerization; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D058906:Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; D058910:Purinergic P2 Receptor Agonists; D011687:Purines / Q000378:metabolism*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000378:metabolism*; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1 / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
D058906:Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; D058910:Purinergic P2 Receptor Agonists; D011687:Purines; D011743:Pyrimidines; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; C030986:pyrimidine; C030985:purine