title: Mechanisms involved in the regulation of mRNA for M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and endothelial and neuronal NO synthases in rat atria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Agonists of the M(2) muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) increase mRNA for this receptor and mRNA for endothelial and neuronal isoforms of NO synthase (eNOS or nNOS). Here we examine the different signalling pathways involved in such events in rat cardiac atria.
  
  
  METHODS
  In isolated atria, the effects of carbachol on mRNA for M(2) receptors, eNOS and nNOS were measured along with changes in phosphoinositide (PI) turnover, translocation of protein kinase C (PKC), NOS activity and atrial contractility.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Carbachol increased mRNA for M(2) receptors, activation of PI turnover, translocation of PKC and NOS activity and decreased atrial contractility. Inhibitors of phospholipase C (PLC), calcium/calmodulin (CaM), NOS and PKC prevented the carbachol-dependent increase in mRNA for M(2) receptors. These inhibitors also attenuated the carbachol induced increase in nNOS- and eNOS-mRNA levels. Inhibition of nNOS shifted the dose response curve of carbachol on contractility to the right, whereas inhibition of eNOS shifted it to the left.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From our results, activation of M(2) receptors induced nNOS and eNOS expression and activation of NOS up-regulated M(2) receptor gene expression. The signalling pathways involved included stimulation of PI turnover via PLC activation, CaM and PKC. nNOS and eNOS mediated opposing effects on the negative inotropic effect in atria, induced by stimulation of M(2) receptors. These results may contribute to a better understanding of the effects and side effects of cholinomimetic treatment in patients with cardiac neuromyopathy.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires and Argentine National Research Council, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Ganzinelli
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Joensen
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Borda
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Bernabeo
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Sterin-Borda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D018679:Cholinergic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004963:Estrenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006325:Heart Atria; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols / Q000378:metabolism; D011760:Pyrrolidinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D043585:Receptor, Muscarinic M2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014268:Trifluoperazine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018679:Cholinergic Agonists; D004963:Estrenes; D009281:Naphthalenes; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols; D011760:Pyrrolidinones; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D043585:Receptor, Muscarinic M2; C061465:calphostin complex; C060229:1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione; D014268:Trifluoperazine; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D002217:Carbachol; C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D010738:Type C Phospholipases