title: Antiaggressive effect of cyproterone versus haloperidol in Alzheimer's disease: a randomized double-blind pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Alzheimer's disease (AD) is commonly accompanied by aggressive behavior. In the elderly, effective and safe antiaggressive treatment is lacking. Risks of antipsychotics in this population demand therapeutic alternatives. This randomized, double-blind, pilot trial examined the efficacy and safety of cyproterone in the treatment of agitated AD.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 27 elderly patients referred to the University Hospital of Guadalajara Psychogeriatric Clinic diagnosed with AD and associated aggressive behavior (mean Staff Observation Aggression Scale [SOAS] score >or=2). Each patient underwent a 15-day washout for psychotropics and then was randomly assigned to receive stable doses of either cyproterone (100 mg/day) or haloperidol (2 mg/day) for 90 days. The primary outcome measure was the SOAS score. This trial was conducted between October 27, 1993, and March 24, 1998.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 27 patients, 19 (70.4%) were women, and the mean age was 80.7 years. The trial was completed by 24 (88.9%) of the subjects (13 in the cyproterone group and 11 in the haloperidol group for 90 days). Three patients (11.1%) dropped out, all after adverse effects in the haloperidol group. Baseline aggression level in the sample was mild (mean SOAS score of 4.48 [SD = 2.04]). Efficacy analyses for all intent-to-treat patients showed that 9 (69.2%) in the cyproterone group achieved complete elimination of aggression at endpoint, in contrast to 2 patients (14.2%) in the haloperidol group (p = .012). Ten patients (71.4%) taking haloperidol had adverse events, compared with 4 (30.7%) taking cyproterone (p = .035).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cyproterone showed significantly better efficacy and safety than haloperidol in controlling mild aggression associated with AD. Additional research is needed to confirm if these results can be ratified in a larger study and generalized to patients whose aggression is more severe.
authors: University of Alcalá, Madrid. davhuertas@inicia.es
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Huertas
authors: Juan J
authors: JJ
authors: López-Ibor Aliño
authors: Juan D
authors: JD
authors: Molina
authors: Lorenzo
authors: L
authors: Chamorro
authors: Juana
authors: J
authors: Balanza
authors: María P
authors: MP
authors: Jiménez
authors: Mercedes
authors: M
authors: Hornillos
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000374:Aggression / Q000187:drug effects*; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003534:Cyproterone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D003534:Cyproterone