title: Female sexual function and activity following cystectomy and continent urinary tract diversion for benign indications: a clinical pilot study and review of literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are limited data on female sexual function after cystectomy for benign indications.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate postoperative sexual items following cystectomy and continent urinary diversion for benign indications (e.g., severe incontinence, interstitial cystitis) in female patients. Furthermore, to review the studies investigating changes in women's sexual function after cystectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective study, 21 out of 23 patients (91%) who underwent a cystectomy for a benign indication completed a questionnaire. These women had a median age at the date of operation of 47.3 years (range 25-66 years) and a mean follow-up of 11.9 years. Questions on preoperative and postoperative sexuality, postoperative sexual activity, sexual appreciation, and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) in patients at present were evaluated. Electronic databases were searched for the published studies investigating female sexual function after cystectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female sexual function was evaluated by the FSFI domain scores and postoperative sexual appreciation questions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sexual complaints before operation were present in 48% of the patients. The most common complaints reported were incontinence during intercourse, pain, and loss of libido. Seventeen out of 21 patients (81%) were sexually active preoperatively, 14 were still active postoperatively, and two preoperative inactive patients became active. Sexual inactivity postoperatively is mainly due to patient-related or combination of patient- and partner-related issues (70%), such as with pain during intercourse, loss of libido, and impaired body image. In the sexually active group, the majority (62.5%) showed improved or unchanged intercourse postoperatively. In the FSFI in 11 sexually active patients (52%) at present, domains of desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, and pain scored above average. The domain of satisfaction scored below average.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite extensive surgery, female sexuality may remain unchanged or even improve, following cystectomy and continent diversion for benign indication. Sexual inactivity postoperatively needs more attention in respect to sexual counseling. Overall, the results are reassuring.
authors: Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. h.w.elzevier@lumc.nl
authors: Henk Willem
authors: HW
authors: Elzevier
authors: Bart B
authors: BB
authors: Nieuwkamer
authors: Rob C M
authors: RC
authors: Pelger
authors: August A B
authors: AA
authors: Lycklama à Nijeholt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003075:Coitus; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004414:Dyspareunia / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007989:Libido; D008875:Middle Aged; D009948:Orgasm; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000209:etiology*; D020018:Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological / Q000209:etiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016476:Urinary Reservoirs, Continent / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016387:Women's Health