title: Psycho-education programme for temporomandibular disorders: a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are by far the most predominant condition affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), however many patients have mild self-limiting symptoms and should not be referred for specialist care. The aim of this pilot study was to develop a simple, cost-effective management programme for TMDs using CD-ROM. 41 patients (age 18-70) participated in this study, patients were divided into three groups: the 1st group were involved in an attention placebo CD-ROM (contain anatomical information about the temporomandibular system), the 2nd group received information on CD-ROM designed to increase their control and self efficacy, while the 3rd group received the same programme of the 2nd group added to it an introduction to self-relaxing techniques followed by audio tape of progressive muscle relaxation exercises. Each of the groups was asked to complete a number of questionnaires on the day of initial consultation and six weeks afterwards.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two experimental groups (2nd & 3rd) were equally effective in reducing pain, disability and distress, and both were more effective than the attention placebo group (1st), however the experimental groups appeared to have improved at follow-up relative to the placebo-group in terms of disability, pain and depressed mood.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility and acceptability of the design. A full, randomized, controlled trial is required to confirm the efficacy of the interventions developed here.
authors: Unit of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Maxillofacial, Diagnostic, Medical and Surgical Sciences, Eastman Dental Institute & University College London, London, UK. waseem_wk1@yahoo.co.uk
authors: Waseem
authors: W
authors: Jerjes
authors: Geir
authors: G
authors: Madland
authors: Charlotte
authors: C
authors: Feinmann
authors: Mohammed
authors: M
authors: El Maaytah
authors: Mahesh
authors: M
authors: Kumar
authors: Colin
authors: C
authors: Hopper
authors: Tahwinder
authors: T
authors: Upile
authors: Stanton
authors: S
authors: Newman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012064:Relaxation Therapy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*