title: Real-time multiplex PCR assay for genotyping of three apolipoprotein E alleles and two choline acetyltransferase alleles with three hybridization probes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Apolipoprotein E (APOE) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) have been suggested as candidate genes for determining the risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this study was to simultaneously detect polymorphisms in codons 112 and 158 of APOE and codon 2 of ChAT by hybridization probe multiplexing.
  
  
  METHODS
  The decrease in fluorescence emitted by LC-Red 610, LC-Red 640, and LC-Red 705 channels was quantified during a gradual temperature increase after amplification. The melting curves were converted to melting peaks by plotting the negative derivative of the fluorescence with respect to temperature (-dF/dT) as a function of temperature. A single pair of hybridization probes and PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were used to confirm the genotyping of APOE and ChAT, respectively, in 183 subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When a homozygous sample with the CGC/CGC sequence in codon 112 of APOE was analyzed, the mean sequence-specific melting point (T(m)) was 62.8 degrees C, whereas a sample with the TGC/TGC sequence had a T(m) of 54.7 degrees C. A similar fluorescence pattern appeared with a different T(m) at 66.9 degrees C (CGC/CGC) and 59.7 degrees C (TGC/TGC) for codon 158 of APOE. For the ChAT polymorphism, the melting temperature (61.4 degrees C) of the G allele was higher than that of the A allele (54.7 degrees C).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This real-time multiplex PCR technique can be carried out in a single tube and can differentiate between the three polymorphic sites of the two genes associated with Alzheimer's disease.
authors: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Hyung-Doo
authors: HD
authors: Park
authors: Kyoung Un
authors: KU
authors: Park
authors: Ki-Woong
authors: KW
authors: Kim
authors: Junghan
authors: J
authors: Song
authors: Ho Eun
authors: HE
authors: Chang
authors: Se Ran
authors: SR
authors: Heo
authors: Hyun Jung
authors: HJ
authors: Lee
authors: Jin Q
authors: JQ
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D003062:Codon / Q000235:genetics; D017931:DNA Primers; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization / Q000379:methods; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D003062:Codon; D017931:DNA Primers; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase