title: A key role of dendritic cells in probiotic functionality.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Disruption of the intestinal homeostasis and tolerance towards the resident microbiota is a major mechanism involved in the development of inflammatory bowel disease. While some bacteria are inducers of disease, others, known as probiotics, are able to reduce inflammation. Because dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in regulating immune responses and in inducing tolerance, we investigated their role in the anti-inflammatory potential of probiotic lactic acid bacteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Selected LAB strains, while efficiently taken up by DCs in vitro, induced a partial maturation of the cells. Transfer of probiotic-treated DCs conferred protection against 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis. Protection was associated with a reduction of inflammatory scores and colonic expression of pro-inflammatory genes, while a high local expression of the immunoregulatory enzyme indolamine 2, 3 dioxgenase (IDO) was observed. The preventive effect of probiotic-pulsed DCs required not only MyD88-, TLR2- and NOD2-dependent signaling but also the induction of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory cells in an IL-10-independent pathway.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Altogether, these results suggest that selected probiotics can stimulate DC regulatory functions by targeting specific pattern-recognition receptors and pathways. The results not only emphasize the role of DCs in probiotic immune interactions, but indicate a possible role in immune-intervention therapy for IBD.
authors: Laboratoire de Bactéries Lactiques et Immunité des Muqueuses, Institut Pasteur de Lille - Institut de Biologie de Lille, Lille, France.
authors: Benoit
authors: B
authors: Foligne
authors: Georgia
authors: G
authors: Zoumpopoulou
authors: Joelle
authors: J
authors: Dewulf
authors: Amena
authors: A
authors: Ben Younes
authors: Fabrice
authors: F
authors: Chareyre
authors: Jean-Claude
authors: JC
authors: Sirard
authors: Bruno
authors: B
authors: Pot
authors: Corinne
authors: C
authors: Grangette
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003092:Colitis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000517:prevention & control; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D052201:Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D010587:Phagocytosis; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D054773:Streptococcus gordonii / Q000502:physiology