title: Seed localization and TRUS-fluoroscopy fusion for intraoperative prostate brachytherapy dosimetry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop and evaluate an integrated approach to intra-operative dosimetry for permanent prostate brachytherapy (PPB) by combining a fluoroscopy-based seed localization routine with a transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-to-fluoroscopy fusion technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three-dimensional seed coordinates are reconstructed based on the two-dimensional seed locations identified from three fluoroscopic images acquired at different angles. A seed-based registration approach was examined in both simulation and phantom studies to register the seed locations identified from the fluoroscopic images to the TRUS images. Dose parameters were then evaluated and compared to CT-based dosimetry from a patient dataset.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Less than 0.2% error in the D90 value was observed using the TRUS-fluoroscopy image-fusion-based method relative to the CT-based post-implantation dosimetry. In the phantom study, an average distance of 3 mm was observed between the seeds identified from TRUS and the reconstructed seeds at registration. Isodose contours were displayed superimposed on the TRUS images.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Promising results were observed in this preliminary study of a TRUS-fluoroscopy fusion-based brachytherapy dosimetry analysis method, suggesting that the method is highly sensitive and calculates clinically relevant dosimetry, including the prostate D90. Further validation of the method is required for eventual clinical application.
authors: Biomedical Imaging Resource, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Su
authors: Brian J
authors: BJ
authors: Davis
authors: Keith M
authors: KM
authors: Furutani
authors: Michael G
authors: MG
authors: Herman
authors: Richard A
authors: RA
authors: Robb
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008297:Male; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted