title: 14-3-3sigma negatively regulates the cell cycle, and its down-regulation is associated with poor outcome in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
abstract: The 14-3-3sigma gene has been implicated in G2/M cell cycle arrest by p53, and the loss of 14-3-3sigma protein expression has been reported in diverse human cancers. However, the role of 14-3-3sigma in the signaling pathway of the cell cycle in the progression of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma has not been well understood. To clarify the role of 14-3-3sigma, we examined the protein expressions of 14-3-3sigma, cyclin B1, and p53 in 93 cases of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma by immunohistochemical staining. We also examined the correlation between these expressions and survival rate and clinicopathologic factors such as sex, age, tumor grade (ie, pathologic differentiation, tumor size, lymphatic permeation, vascular invasion, perineural invasion, lymph node metastasis), and tumor stage. Positive 14-3-3sigma protein expression (>30% of tumor cells) was observed in 67.7% (63/93) of cases of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and was inversely correlated with cyclin B1 expression. No correlation was found between 14-3-3sigma expression and p53 expression or clinicopathologic factors; however, decreased 14-3-3sigma expression was an independent prognostic factor by multivariate survival analysis (P = .0282). Extensive methylation of 14-3-3sigma was found by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and sequence; however, no significant correlation was detected between methylation states and protein expression. These results indicate that depressed 14-3-3sigma protein is involved in the uncontrolled cell cycle in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and that the decreased expression of 14-3-3sigma protein is a significant indicator of poor prognosis for patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
authors: Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pathological Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors: Yousuke
authors: Y
authors: Kuroda
authors: Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pathological Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Pathology, Hamanomachi Hospital, Chu-o-ku, Fukuoka 810-8539, Japan. Electronic address: aishima-s@hamanomachi.jp.
authors: Shinichi
authors: S
authors: Aishima
authors: Department of Surgery and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors: Akinobu
authors: A
authors: Taketomi
authors: Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pathological Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors: Yunosuke
authors: Y
authors: Nishihara
authors: Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pathological Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors: Tomohiro
authors: T
authors: Iguchi
authors: Institute for Clinical Research, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Minamiku, Fukuoka 811-1395, Japan.
authors: Kenichi
authors: K
authors: Taguchi
authors: Department of Surgery and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors: Yoshihiko
authors: Y
authors: Maehara
authors: Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pathological Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. Electronic address: masazumi@surgpath.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
authors: Masazumi
authors: M
authors: Tsuneyoshi
mesh_terms: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D000368:Aged; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000502:physiology*; D002453:Cell Cycle; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D019926:Cyclin B / Q000032:analysis; D056744:Cyclin B1; D019175:DNA Methylation; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005092:Exonucleases / Q000502:physiology*; D005095:Exoribonucleases; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C534699:CCNB1 protein, human; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D019926:Cyclin B; D056744:Cyclin B1; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D005092:Exonucleases; D005095:Exoribonucleases; C413442:SFN protein, human