title: Enteric ganglionitis in rhesus macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus.
abstract: Gastrointestinal (GI) disease is a debilitating feature of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection that can occur in the absence of histopathological abnormalities or identifiable enteropathogens. However, the mechanisms of GI dysfunction are poorly understood. The present study was undertaken to characterize changes in resident and inflammatory cells in the enteric nervous system (ENS) of macaques during the acute stage of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection to gain insight into potential pathogenic mechanisms of GI disease. Ganglia from duodenum, ileum, and colon were examined in healthy and acutely infected macaques by using a combination of routine histology, double-label immunofluorescence and in situ hybridization. Evaluation of tissues from infected macaques showed progressive infiltration of myenteric ganglia by CD3+ T cells and IBA1+ macrophages beginning as early as 8 days postinfection. Quantitative image analysis revealed that the severity of myenteric ganglionitis increased with time after SIV infection and, in general, was more severe in ganglia from the small intestine than in ganglia from the colon. Despite an abundance of inflammatory cells in myenteric ganglia during acute infection, the ENS was not a target for virus infection. This study provides evidence that the ENS may be playing a role in the pathogenesis of GI disease and enteropathy in HIV-infected people.
authors: Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. morandle@vetmed.lsu.edu
authors: Marlene S
authors: MS
authors: Orandle
authors: Ronald S
authors: RS
authors: Veazey
authors: Andrew A
authors: AA
authors: Lackner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017615:Enteric Nervous System / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D005724:Ganglia / Q000276:immunology*; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology*; D015658:HIV Infections; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000378:metabolism*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D017252:CD3 Complex