title: Skin to posterior lumbar epidural space distance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure the clinically relevant skin to posterior lumbar epidural space distance in adult surgical patients and to correlate this distance with the patient physical factors to construct a model for the prediction of this distance using the correlation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Anaesthesiology, P.A.F Hospital, Islamabad over a period of 18 months from 1st January 2003 to 30th June 2004.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was carried out in 100 patients divided into three groups, who were scheduled for different surgical procedures. Group-I consisted of female patients scheduled for lower segment caesarian section (L.S.C.S); group-II adult non-pregnant females undergoing elective surgery and group-III adult males undergoing different surgical procedures. Epidural anaesthesia was given, using loss of resistance (LOR) technique, and skin to posterior epidural space was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean skin to posterior lumbar epidural space distance was found to be 3.8+/-0.5 cm in group-I, 3.76+/-0.7 cm in group-II and 4.0+/-0.5 cm in group-III. Skin to posterior epidural space distance correlates best with weight of the patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Posterior lumbar skin to epidural space distance has been found to be less than what is normal in rest of the world. These results may be used as a guideline for performing successful epidural blocks in Pakistani population. A reliable model using patient physical factors to predict skin to posterior epidural space distance could not be constructed.
authors: Department of Anaesthesiology, Combined Military Hospital, Zhob, Baluchistan, Pakistan. aamer@doctor.com
authors: Aamer Mahmood
authors: AM
authors: Malak
authors: Asad
authors: A
authors: Shameem
authors: Jamshed Ahmed
authors: JA
authors: Rahmani
authors: Muhammad Zaheer
authors: MZ
authors: Haider
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural; D000886:Anthropometry; D001415:Back / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D004824:Epidural Space / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D012016:Reference Values; D012867:Skin / Q000033:anatomy & histology*