title: Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) anti-lipopolysaccharide factor reduces the lethality of Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis in mice.
abstract: We investigated the efficacy of amino acids 55-76 of the synthetic shrimp anti-lipopolysaccharide factor peptide (SALF(55-76) cyclic peptide), the C-terminal part of the shrimp anti-lipopolysaccharide factor. This study was conducted to elucidate the effects of the antiseptic action of this peptide. The SALF(55-76) cyclic peptide was tested against bacterial clinical isolates and showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) examination of SALF(55-76) cyclic peptide-treated Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed that severe swelling preceded cell death and breakage of the outer membrane; the intracellular inclusion was found to have effluxed extracellularly. When mice were treated with the SALF(55-76) cyclic peptide before bacterial challenge with P. aeruginosa, the peptide highly protected mice against death by sepsis. The P. aeruginosa recovered from SALF(55-76) cyclic peptide-treated mice after 4 h exhibited reduced bacterial growth similar to that recovered from vancomycin-treated mice. In addition, the syntheses of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha, were significantly upregulated 4 h after SALF(55-76) cyclic peptide treatment except for IL-4 in the liver. The expressions of Toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4), Irf3, myd88, and Tram, were considerably elevated, but only Tlr4 existed in the spleen 4 h after SALF(55-76) cyclic peptide treatment. The prophylactic administration of SALF(55-76) cyclic peptide was begun the TNF-alpha response in comparison to untreated mice by an ELISA analysis. Due to its multifunctional properties, the SALF(55-76) cyclic peptide may become an important prophylaxis against and therapy for bacterial infectious diseases, as well as for septic shock.
authors: Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10 Dahuen Road, Jiaushi, Ilan 262, Taiwan.
authors: Chia-Yu
authors: CY
authors: Pan
authors: Tsung-Tai
authors: TT
authors: Chao
authors: Jian-Chyi
authors: JC
authors: Chen
authors: Jyh-Yih
authors: JY
authors: Chen
authors: Wei-Chen
authors: WC
authors: Liu
authors: Cheng-Hui
authors: CH
authors: Lin
authors: Ching-Ming
authors: CM
authors: Kuo
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000737:chemistry*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018805:Sepsis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C520222:shrimp anti-lipopolysaccharide factor cyclic peptide (55-76)