title: Oncolytic Coxsackievirus A21 as a novel therapy for multiple myeloma.
abstract: Oncolytic viruses are attractive biological agents for the control of human malignancy. This study assessed the capacity of Coxsackievirus A21 (CVA21) to target and destroy multiple myeloma (MM) and precursor aberrant plasma cells in vitro using established MM cell lines and 15 patient bone marrow (BM) biopsies [n = 10 MM and five monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS)]. Cell surface analysis revealed that all tumour cells lines expressed high levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and decay-accelerating factor (DAF), the receptor molecules to which CVA21 can bind, leading to subsequent cell-entry and infection. MM cell lines were remarkably susceptible to CVA21 lytic infection, producing 100-1000-fold increases in viral progeny within 24 h. In contrast, normal peripheral blood cells were refractile to CVA21 infection. Furthermore, challenge of patient BM biopsies with CVA21 for 48 h resulted in specific purging of up to 98.7% of CD138+ plasma cells, with no significant decrease in progenitor cell function. Data generated in this study suggests that CVA21 virotherapy may have potential applications as a systemic anti-tumour agent for MM, or in the ex vivo purging of malignant plasma cells prior to autologous stem cell transplantation.
authors: The Picornaviral Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia. gough.au@newcastle.edu.au
authors: Gough G
authors: GG
authors: Au
authors: Lisa F
authors: LF
authors: Lincz
authors: Arno
authors: A
authors: Enno
authors: Darren R
authors: DR
authors: Shafren
mesh_terms: D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000473:pathology; D016465:Bone Marrow Purging / Q000379:methods; D018958:CD55 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D050130:Oncolytic Virotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D018958:CD55 Antigens; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1