Roll back malaria--an African success story in Eritrea.
BACKGROUND
High morbidity and mortality from malaria in Africa prompted the Abuja Declaration by African Heads of State in 2000. The goal set in the declaration for 2010 was to reduce malaria mortality by 50%. Countries were therefore expected to ensure that 60% of people suffering from malaria had access to treatment, that 60% of those at risk received intermittent prophylaxis, and that 60% of people in high-risk groups were using insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) by 2005. In 1999 Eritrea introduced malaria policies, strategies and multi-level interventions targeting households, communities and health facilities.


OBJECTIVE
To assess Eritrea's progress towards meeting the Abuja Declaration goal, targets and key determinants.


METHODS
A retrospective study was undertaken using data from the Health Management Information System (HMIS) and reports of annual reviews. Correlation and regression analysis were used to assess associations between selected variables.


RESULTS
The incidence rate for malaria decreased from 6000/100000 in 1998 to 1100/100000 in 2003, representing > 80% decline in morbidity. The cumulative number of ITNs distributed increased from 50000 in 1998 to 685000 in 2003. The ITN impregnation rate increased from 15% to > 70% during the same period. Indoor residual spraying increased from 7444 kg to 41157 kg of insecticide in 2004 resulting in the protected population increasing from 117017 to 244315 respectively. The number of health workers recruited and trained rose from 936 to 4118. There was a strong correlation between the malaria incidence rate, distribution of ITNs (R2 = 0.76) and the total number of health workers trained (R2 = 0.72). The association was consistent in regression analysis (beta = -0.05, p = 0.03 for ITNs, and beta = -0.249, p = 0.05 for trained health workers).


CONCLUSIONS
Within 5 years Eritrea met the Abuja Declaration objectives through multiple vector-control methods, case management and surveillance.
Mufunda
Jacob
J
Orotta School of Medicine, Asmara, Eritrea. mufunda@yahoo.com
Nyarango
Peter
P
Usman
Abdulmumini
A
Gebremeskel
Tewolde
T
Mebrahtu
Goitom
G
Ogbamariam
Andom
A
Kosia
Andrew
A
Ghebrat
Yohannes
Y
Gebresillosie
Shashu
S
Goitom
Samuel
S
Araya
Eyob
E
Andemichael
Girmay
G
Gebremichael
Andemariam
A
D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003140:Communicable Disease Control / Q000458:organization & administration*; D019353:Endemic Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019017:Eritrea / Q000453:epidemiology; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008288:Malaria / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012189:Retrospective Studies