title: Effectiveness of intensive insulin therapy by multiple daily injections and continuous subcutaneous infusion: a comparison study in type 2 diabetes with conventional insulin regimen failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effectiveness of two intensified insulin regimens, i.e., pump delivery versus multiple daily injections in patients with type 2 diabetes not optimally controlled with conventional insulin therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen type 2 diabetes patients uncontrolled by two daily injections of regular plus NPH were randomly assigned in a cross-over fashion to either three daily injections of lispro plus NPH or pump device delivering lispro. HbA1c, 6 points capillary blood glucose, 24-hour continuous glucose monitoring system tracings and global satisfaction score were evaluated at the end of each 12-week treatment period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HbA1c decreased from 9.0+/-1.6% to 8.6+/-1.6% with multiple injections and 7.7+/-0.8% with pump device (p<0.03). Capillary blood glucose was lowered at all time-points with pump, but only at morning with multiple injections (p<0.01). Compared to conventional therapy, pump reduced hyperglycemic area under curve by 73% (p<0.01), but multiple injections by only 32% (p=0.08). Rate of hypoglycemia was not increased and patient's satisfaction was comparable with both intensive treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pump therapy provides a better metabolic control than injection regimens, and seems to be safe and convenient in patients with type 2 diabetes who fail to respond to conventional insulin therapy.
authors: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Caen University Hospital, France.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Berthe
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Lireux
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Coffin
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Goulet-Salmon
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Houlbert
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Boutreux
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Fradin
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Reznik
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems; D061268:Insulin Lispro; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006454:Hemoglobins; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D061268:Insulin Lispro; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human