title: Potentiation of anti-epileptic drugs effectiveness by pyronaridine in refractory epilepsy.
abstract: One of the major neurobiological mechanisms proposed in drug resistant epilepsy is removal of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) from the epileptogenic tissue through excessive expression of multi-drug efflux transporters such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp). P-gp, the encoded product of the human multi-drug resistance-1 (MDR-1; ABCB1) gene, is of particular clinical relevance in the emergence of multi-drug resistance (MDR), which may play an important role in preventing treatment response of some tumors and infectious diseases to chemotherapeutic agents and antibiotics. It has been shown that MDR-1 is over-expressed in brain tissue (hippocampal neurons) in patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy. For direct evidence that drug transporters such as P-gp are responsible for drug resistance, an experiment can be conducted to determine whether seizure control is improved when P-gp inhibitors are administered in addition to existing AEDs in patients with medically refractory epilepsy. In comparison with first and second-generation of P-gp inhibitors, third-generation inhibitors such as pyronaridine (PND) have advantages, such as higher potency and specificity for P-gp, lack of non-specific cytotoxicity, relatively long duration of action with reversibility, and good oral bioavailability. We suggest that a pilot study be conducted to determine whether adding of PND to existing AEDs decreases seizure frequency in patients with drug resistant epilepsy, and should this show promise, that a double-blind randomized controlled trial be designed to test the efficacy of PND.
authors: Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. aliasadipooya@yahoo.com
authors: Ali Akbar
authors: AA
authors: Asadi-Pooya
authors: Michael R
authors: MR
authors: Sperling
mesh_terms: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009287:Naphthyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C513055:ABCB1 protein, human; D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D009287:Naphthyridines; C027871:pyronaridine