title: Control of hepatic differentiation via cellular aggregation in an alginate microenvironment.
abstract: Integral to the development of embryonic stem cell therapeutic strategies for hepatic disorders is the identification and establishment of a controllable hepatic differentiation strategy. In order to address this issue we have established an alginate microencapsulation approach which provides a means to modulate the differentiation process through changes in key encapsulation parameters. We report that a wide array of hepatocyte specific markers is expressed by cells differentiated during a 23-day period within an alginate bead microenvironment. These include urea and albumin secretion, glycogen storage, and cytochrome P450 transcription factor activity. In addition, we demonstrate that cellular aggregation is integral to the control of differentiation within the bead environment and this process is mediated by the E-cadherin protein. The temporal expression of surface E-cadherin and hepatocyte functional expression occur concomitantly and both cellular aggregation and albumin synthesis are blocked in the presence of anti E-cadherin immunoglobulin. Furthermore, by establishing a compartmental model of differentiation, which incorporates this aggregation phenomenon, we can optimize key encapsulation parameters.
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 617 Bowser Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
authors: Tim
authors: T
authors: Maguire
authors: Alexander E
authors: AE
authors: Davidovich
authors: Eric J
authors: EJ
authors: Wallenstein
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Novik
authors: Nripen
authors: N
authors: Sharma
authors: Henrik
authors: H
authors: Pedersen
authors: Ioannis P
authors: IP
authors: Androulakis
authors: Rene
authors: R
authors: Schloss
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Yarmush
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D002449:Cell Aggregation; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D001672:Biocompatible Materials