title: Proximal interleukin-10 gene polymorphisms in Italian patients with systemic sclerosis.
abstract: Interleukin-10 (IL-10) can favour the development of fibrosis by promoting a relative shift towards T helper 2 responses. Three single base pair substitutions in the 5' flanking region of the IL-10 gene (G/A -1082, C/T -819 and C/A -592) influence the amount of IL-10 secreted in cell cultures: the GCC haplotype is associated with an increased production, while the ACC and the ATA haplotypes are associated with intermediate and decreased production. Accordingly, three phenotypes have been individuated: high producers (GCC+/GCC+), medium producers (GCC+/GCC-) and low producers (GCC-/GCC-). We hypothesised that IL-10 haplotypes and genotypes are differently expressed in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) with the limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc) subset or the diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) subset. One hundred and sixty-one unrelated Italian patients with SSc and 94 controls have been included. Their DNA was extracted and stored before being analysed by polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers. The GCC haplotype is overrepresented in patients with SSc; subjects with dcSSc were the primary contributors to these results (dcSSc: 52.2% vs controls: 37.2%; chi2= 8.519, 2 d.f., corrected P= 0.04). In Scl70-positive patients, the GCC haplotype increased the likelihood of presenting the dcSSc subset [chi2= 12.56, P < 0.0005; odds ratio (OR) = 3.89, 95% confidence interval (CI(95)) = 1.69-9.08]; these results were confirmed at the phenotypic level (chi2= 11.67, 2 d.f., P= 0.003). In Scl70-positive patients, the high-producing phenotype was associated with poor survival, independently from disease subset and gender (hazard ratio = 9.9, CI(95)= 1.6-61.27, P < 0.05). The IL-10 haplotype and genotype associated with high IL-10 production may alter the susceptibility to SSc and/or its expression, increasing the prognostic value of other well-known markers of disease severity.
authors: Referral Centre for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milano, Italy.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Beretta
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Cappiello
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Barili
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Scorza
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics*; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008957:Models, Genetic; D010641:Phenotype; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000235:genetics*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016753:Interleukin-10