title: Prolonged exposure to antibiotic-impregnated shunt catheters does not increase incidence of late shunt infections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Antibiotic-impregnated shunt (AIS) systems have been designed to prevent the colonization of shunt components by skin flora that occurs at surgery. Although such systems may decrease the incidence of early shunt infections (those occurring within 6 months of shunt placement), it is unclear if such exposure to prolonged antibiotics leads to an increased incidence or virulence of late shunt infections (those occurring later than 6 months after shunt placement). In this study, the authors evaluate the incidence of late shunt infection after the introduction of an AIS system in a pediatric hydrocephalus population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively reviewed all pediatric patients undergoing antibiotic-impregnated CSF shunt insertion or shunt revision operations at our institution for the 33 month period between October 1, 2002 and June 31, 2005. All shunt-related complications, including shunt infection, were evaluated in those patients with later than 6 months of follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 153 pediatric patients (between 1 and 21 years of age) underwent 262 shunting procedures involving the use of antibiotic-impregnated catheters. All patients were followed-up for later than 6 months with a mean follow-up of 21.7 months (range 13-46 months). Ten patients (3.82%) experienced an early shunt infection within the 6-month follow-up period. No patients experienced a late shunt infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although concern exists that AIS systems may delay shunt infections or even increase the rate or virulence of such infections, introduction of such catheters into a pediatric hydrocephalus cohort does not significantly increase incidence of late CSF shunt infection compared to historic controls.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Meyer 8-161, Baltimore MD 21287, USA. dsciubb1@jhmi.edu
authors: Daniel M
authors: DM
authors: Sciubba
authors: Matthew J
authors: MJ
authors: McGirt
authors: Graeme F
authors: GF
authors: Woodworth
authors: Benjamin
authors: B
authors: Carson
authors: George I
authors: GI
authors: Jallo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012086:Reoperation; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents