Validity of a self-administered food frequency questionnaire in the assessment of heterocyclic amine intake using 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) levels in hair.
Several case-control studies have reported possible associations between heterocyclic amine (HCA) intake and the risk of cancer. The validity of questionnaires used to assess HCA intake has hardly been examined, however; in particular, no biomarker able to serve as an independent measure of habitual HCA intake has been established. In this study, we examined the validity of HCA intake estimated from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) using 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) level in hair as a reference method. Study subjects were 20 volunteers (7 men and 13 women) aged 25-57 years residing in Tokyo or neighboring cities in Japan. The subjects completed the FFQ, and gave 3-5g of hair twice at an interval of 1-3 months for use in establishing validity. Results showed that intakes of PhIP, MeIQ, Trp-P-1, and total HCA by the FFQ were significantly correlated with PhIP levels in hair when adjustment was made for melanin content (r=0.47, r=0.50, r=0.55, and r=0.51, respectively). The present study indicates that HCA intake estimated from this FFQ provides a reasonable ranking of individuals to allow the analysis of associations between HCA intake and risk of cancer in large-scale epidemiological studies.
Kobayashi
Minatsu
M
Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan. mnkobaya@otsuma.ac.jp
Hanaoka
Tomoyuki
T
Tsugane
Shoichiro
S
D000328:Adult; D000588:Amines / Q000032:analysis*; D015415:Biomarkers; D004032:Diet; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry*; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
D000588:Amines; D015415:Biomarkers; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D007093:Imidazoles; C049584:2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine