title: Ketone bodies metabolism during ischemic and reperfusion brain injuries following bilateral occlusion of common carotid arteries in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the in vivo alterations on ketone bodies metabolism after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion through an experimental model of brain ischemia induced by simple occlusion of common carotid arteries (CCAs) in Wistar rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly distributed on two groups (S - Sham; T - Test) and further redistributed into four times sets of study. After bilateral occlusion of CCAs for 30 min, the animals of group T were allowed reperfusion for 0, 5, 10 and 15 min. Samples of cerebral tissue and systemic arterial blood were collected and the metabolites acetoacetate (ACT) and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cerebral ACT and BHB levels increased significantly in Group T after 30 min of carotid occlusion (time 0). The highest brain ketone bodies (ACT+BHB) concentration was verified at 5 min of reperfusion, decreasing after 10 min of recirculation. Systemic ketone bodies levels increased similarly between test and sham groups. Group S demonstrated a significant increase in cerebral and systemic ACT and BHB concentrations mainly after 40-45 min of study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The partial transient acute global brain ischemia induced by the bilateral carotid occlusion in Wistar rats triggered ketogenesis probably due to a central stimulation of catecholamine secretion. There was an increased cerebral uptake of ketone bodies following brain ischemia, reaffirming these metabolites as alternative energy substrates under conditions of cerebral metabolic stress as well as its potential role on neuroprotection. The greatest changes in ketone bodies metabolism were verified at initial minutes of recirculation as a result of the reperfusion injury phenomenon.
authors: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology,Federal University of Ceara Medical School, Brazil.
authors: Mário Henrique Girão
authors: MH
authors: Faria
authors: Luis Roberto Franklin
authors: LR
authors: Muniz
authors: Paulo Roberto Leitão de
authors: PR
authors: Vasconcelos
mesh_terms: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid / Q000097:blood; D000090:Acetoacetates / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D007657:Ketone Bodies / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000090:Acetoacetates; D007657:Ketone Bodies; D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid