title: Recurrent angina after coronary revascularization: a clinical challenge.
abstract: Coronary revascularization procedures by means of percutaneous coronary interventions or coronary artery bypass graft surgeries are performed worldwide daily for the symptomatic treatment of patients with myocardial ischaemia. Nevertheless, angina remains a significant clinical problem. Management of angina recurring or persisting after coronary revascularization is particularly challenging. This review attempts to summarize the most common causes of recurrent chest pain after coronary revascularization, to analyse the possible diagnostic approaches, and to discuss the potential treatment modalities.
authors: Division of Cardiology, West Hospital, Virginia Commonwealth University-VCU Pauley Heart Center, 1200 E, Marshall Street, PO Box 980036, Richmond, VA 23298-0036, USA.
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Abbate
authors: Giuseppe G L
authors: GG
authors: Biondi-Zoccai
authors: Pierfrancesco
authors: P
authors: Agostoni
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Lipinski
authors: George W
authors: GW
authors: Vetrovec
mesh_terms: D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000601:surgery*; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000592:standards; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization / Q000592:standards*; D012008:Recurrence; D015607:Stents