title: Treatment of acute and chronic rhinosinusitis in the United States, 1999-2002.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To generalize the prescribing trends of a statistically defined sample of patient visits because of acute or chronic rhinosinusitis in the United States, using reported diagnostic codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four-year prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Public use data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey collected by the National Center for Health Statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most frequently recommended medications for treatment of both acute and chronic rhinosinusitis are antibiotic agents, followed by antihistamines; nasal decongestants; corticosteroids; and antitussive, expectorant, and mucolytic agents, respectively. In addition, corticosteroids are used for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of prescription antibiotics far outweighs the predicted incidence of bacterial causes of acute and chronic rhinosinusitis. Frequency of antibiotic class used was not congruent with reported antimicrobial efficacy of the respective classes. Despite contradictory efficacies reported in the literature, inhaled corticosteroids were frequently used to treat acute rhinosinusitis. Antibiotics and inhaled nasal corticosteroids are being used more often than their published efficacies would encourage.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68106, USA. hsharp@unmc.edu
authors: Hadley J
authors: HJ
authors: Sharp
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Denman
authors: Susan
authors: S
authors: Puumala
authors: Donald A
authors: DA
authors: Leopold
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000996:Antitussive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002908:Chronic Disease; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D014663:Nasal Decongestants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000996:Antitussive Agents; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D014663:Nasal Decongestants