title: Macular pigment optical density in the elderly: findings in a large biracial Midsouth population sample.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the macular pigment optical density (MPOD) findings at 0.5 degrees of eccentricity from the fovea in elderly subjects participating in ARMA, a study of aging and age-related maculopathy (ARM) ancillary to the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  MPOD was estimated with a heterochromatic flicker photometry (HFP) method in a large biracial population sample of normal 79.1 +/- 3.2-year-old adults living in the Midsouth (n = 222; 52% female; 23% black, 34% users of lutein-containing supplements). Within a modified testing protocol, subjects identified the lowest and the highest target intensity at which the flicker sensation disappeared, and the exact middle of this "no-flicker zone" was interpolated by the examiner.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An MPOD estimate was obtained successfully in 82% of the participants. The mean MPOD in our sample was 0.34 +/- 0.21 (SD). The interocular correlation was high (Pearson's r = 0.82). Compared with lutein supplement users, mean MPOD was 21% lower in nonusers (P = 0.013). MPOD was also 41% lower in blacks than in whites (P = 0.0002), even after adjustment for lutein supplement use. There were no differences in MPOD by gender, iris color, or history of smoking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Older adults in the Midsouth appear to have average MPOD and interocular correlation comparable to those in previous studies. Lutein supplement use and white race correlated with higher MPOD. No evidence of an age-related decline in MPOD was seen in the sample. The HFP method for the measurement of MPOD is feasible in epidemiologic investigations of the elderly, the group at highest risk of ARM.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA. iannacca@utmem.edu
authors: Alessandro
authors: A
authors: Iannaccone
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Mura
authors: Kevin T
authors: KT
authors: Gallaher
authors: Elizabeth J
authors: EJ
authors: Johnson
authors: William Andrew
authors: WA
authors: Todd
authors: Emily
authors: E
authors: Kenyon
authors: Tarsha L
authors: TL
authors: Harris
authors: Tamara
authors: T
authors: Harris
authors: Suzanne
authors: S
authors: Satterfield
authors: Karen C
authors: KC
authors: Johnson
authors: Stephen B
authors: SB
authors: Kritchevsky
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D044383:Black People; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D014975:Lutein / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D010783:Photometry / Q000379:methods*; D012168:Retinal Pigments / Q000032:analysis*; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking; D013714:Tennessee; D044465:White People; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D012168:Retinal Pigments; D014975:Lutein