Cardiorenal consideration as a risk factor for heart failure.
Cardiovascular disease-related factors are responsible for about 50% of the mortality in patients with both chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. Therefore, it is not surprising that 30%-50% of patients with congestive heart failure also have an impaired glomerular filtration rate. This signifies a co-dependence between the kidneys and the heart. The role of anemia, microalbuminuria, calcium, and phosphorus imbalance in this cardiorenal interdependence is discussed in this article.
Obialo
Chamberlain I
CI
Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30310, USA. cobialo@msm.edu
D000368:Aged; D000740:Anemia / Q000150:complications; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors