title: Systemic immune response after open versus laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis: a prospective randomized study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Laparoscopic surgery is thought to reduce the postoperative immunologic effects of surgical trauma. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of surgical trauma on systemic inflammation and the immune response in acute cholecystitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three patients with acute calculous cholecystitis were assigned to laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC, n=18) or open cholecystectomy (OC, n=15). Blood samples were obtained preoperatively and on postoperative day 1 (24 h after surgery) and day 3 (72 h after surgery), and blood concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP), leukocyte subpopulations, as well as levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) ex vivo secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were measured in both groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hospitalization was significantly shorter in the LC group than in the OC group (LC group: 3.7+/-1.2 days versus OC group: 6.3+/-2.7 days, p=0.010). There was no postoperative morbidity in the LC group, but two patients in the OC group had postoperative complications. Postoperative TNF-alpha ex vivo secretion by PBMCs and PBMC counts in the OC group were significantly lower than those in the LC group (p=0.002). The CRP level declined by postoperative day 3, but was significantly less in the OC group than in the LC group (p<0.001). Postoperative monocyte counts significantly decreased in the OC group compared with those in the LC group (p=0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A laparoscopic approach appears to cause less surgical trauma and immunosuppression than open surgery in patients with acute cholecystitis.
authors: Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Y-J
authors: YJ
authors: Boo
authors: W-B
authors: WB
authors: Kim
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Kim
authors: T-J
authors: TJ
authors: Song
authors: S-Y
authors: SY
authors: Choi
authors: Y-C
authors: YC
authors: Kim
authors: S-O
authors: SO
authors: Suh
mesh_terms: D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D041881:Cholecystitis, Acute / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D007902:Length of Stay; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha