title: Dyskinesias associated with atomoxetine in combination with other psychoactive drugs.
abstract: Toxicity experience with atomoxetine, a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor approved for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), is limited. We report two cases of neurologic complications requiring hospitalization in patients when atomoxetine was added to other psychoactive drugs. A 9-year-old taking clonidine and dextroamphetamine developed psychosis, abnormal involuntary movements, and insomnia. An 18-year-old also initiating venlafaxine developed facial tics, tremors, and speech disturbance. Acute symptoms did not respond to diphenhydramine in either case, but resolved after atomoxetine and other medications were discontinued. Possible explanations include atypical atomoxetine effect, excess atomoxetine or metabolites due to poor metabolizer status (CYP 2D6 polymorphism/deficiency), a drug-drug interaction leading to elevated drug levels or to excess synaptic norepinephrine or dopamine. Serotonin syndrome is a possibility in the second case, but not the first. Clinicians should be aware of emergent dyskinesias when combining atomoxetine with dopaminergic, noradrenergic, or serotonergic medications.
authors: Drug and Poison Information Center, and Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio. USA.
authors: G Randall
authors: GR
authors: Bond
authors: Aris C
authors: AC
authors: Garro
authors: Donald L
authors: DL
authors: Gilbert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000069445:Atomoxetine Hydrochloride; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy; D002648:Child; D004155:Diphenhydramine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011437:Propylamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011437:Propylamines; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D000069445:Atomoxetine Hydrochloride; D004155:Diphenhydramine