title: Tyrosine kinase inhibitor SU6668 represses chondrosarcoma growth via antiangiogenesis in vivo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As chondrosarcomas are resistant to chemotherapy and ionizing radiation, therapeutic options are limited. Radical surgery often cannot be performed. Therefore, additional therapies such as antiangiogenesis represent a promising strategy for overcoming limitations in chondrosarcoma therapy. There is strong experimental evidence that SU6668, an inhibitor of the angiogenic tyrosine kinases Flk-1/KDR, PDGFRbeta and FGFR1 can induce growth inhibition of various primary tumors. However, the effectiveness of SU6668 on malignant primary bone tumors such as chondrosarcomas has been rarely investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of SU6668 on chondrosarcoma growth, angiogenesis and microcirculation in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 10 male severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice, pieces of SW1353 chondrosarcomas were implanted into a cranial window preparation where the calvaria serves as the site for the orthotopic implantation of bone tumors. From day 7 after tumor implantation, five animals were treated with SU6668 (250 mg/kg body weight, s.c.) at intervals of 48 hours (SU6668), and five animals with the equivalent amount of the CMC-based vehicle (Control). Angiogenesis, microcirculation, and growth of SW 1353 tumors were analyzed by means of intravital microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SU6668 induced a growth arrest of chondrosarcomas within 7 days after the initiation of the treatment. Compared to Controls, SU6668 decreased functional vessel density and tumor size, respectively, by 37% and 53% on day 28 after tumor implantation. The time course of the experiments demonstrated that the impact on angiogenesis preceded the anti-tumor effect. Histological and immunohistochemical results confirmed the intravital microscopy findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SU6668 is a potent inhibitor of chondrosarcoma tumor growth in vivo. This effect appears to be induced by the antiangiogenic effects of SU6668, which are mediated by the inhibition of the key angiogenic receptor tyrosine kinases Flk-1/KDR, PDGFRbeta and FGFR1. The experimental data obtained provide rationale to further develop the strategy of the use of the angiogenesis inhibitor SU6668 in the treatment of chondrosarcomas in addition to established therapies such as surgery.
authors: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland. frank.klenke@dkf.unibe.ch <frank.klenke@dkf.unibe.ch>
authors: Frank M
authors: FM
authors: Klenke
authors: Amir
authors: A
authors: Abdollahi
authors: Elisabeth
authors: E
authors: Bertl
authors: Martha-Maria
authors: MM
authors: Gebhard
authors: Volker
authors: V
authors: Ewerbeck
authors: Peter E
authors: PE
authors: Huber
authors: Axel
authors: A
authors: Sckell
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D002813:Chondrosarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007211:Indoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D000078183:Oxindoles; D011422:Propionates; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D007211:Indoles; D000078183:Oxindoles; D011422:Propionates; D011758:Pyrroles; C412603:orantinib