title: Annual variation of deoxynivalenol in Danish wheat flour 1998-2003 and estimated daily intake by the Danish population.
abstract: The occurrence of deoxynivalenol (DON) in Danish wheat flour was studied during the period 1998-2003 by either capillary gas chromatography with electron capture detection and liquid chromatography coupled to an ion trap mass spectrophotometer. A total of 151 samples were collected from mills and the retail market in Denmark. Contamination levels varied considerably from year-to-year with the highest concentrations occurring in samples from the 2002 harvest with mean and median concentrations of 255 and 300 microg kg(-1), respectively. Compared to other harvest years, 2002 had the highest amount of precipitation around flowering time, i.e. from the end of June to the beginning of July covering weeks 25-27. The lowest average levels were found in samples from the 2001 harvest, where weeks 25-27 were dry compared with other harvest years. The highest value (705 microg kg(-1)) was obtained in a flour sample from the 2002 harvest, but none of the tested samples exceeded the maximum limit of 750 microg kg(-1), which has been recently introduced by the European Commission for DON in flour used as raw materials in food products. Calculation of chronic or usual intake by a deterministic approach showed that intake did not exceed the TDI of 1 microg kg(-1) bw day(-1) either for the whole population or for children. A probabilistic approach also showed that intake in general was below the TDI, but intake for children in the 99% percentile amounted to more than 75% of the TDI. The highest intake is calculated to be 2.5 microg kg(-1) bw day(-1).
authors: Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research - Food Chemistry, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, Søborg 2860, Denmark. phr@dfvf.dk
authors: Peter Have
authors: PH
authors: Rasmussen
authors: Annette
authors: A
authors: Petersen
authors: Faranak
authors: F
authors: Ghorbani
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D003718:Denmark; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005433:Flour / Q000032:analysis*; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D011891:Rain; D012621:Seasons; D013696:Temperature; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D014255:Trichothecenes; C007262:deoxynivalenol