Major outbreak of hepatitis A associated with orange juice among tourists, Egypt, 2004.
In 2004, a major outbreak of hepatitis A among tourists returning from Egypt involved 351 case-patients from 9 European countries who were infected with a single strain (genotype 1 b). The case-control study identified orange juice as the most likely infection vehicle. Vaccination against hepatitis A virus is strongly recommended before travel to disease-endemic areas.
Frank
Christina
C
Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany. FrankC@RKI.de
Walter
Jan
J
Muehlen
Marion
M
Jansen
Andreas
A
van Treeck
Ulrich
U
Hauri
Anja M
AM
Zoellner
Iris
I
Rakha
Magda
M
Hoehne
Marina
M
Hamouda
Osamah
O
Schreier
Eckart
E
Stark
Klaus
K
D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D001628:Beverages / Q000821:virology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D032084:Citrus sinensis; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004534:Egypt / Q000453:epidemiology; D005506:Food Contamination; D006506:Hepatitis A / Q000453:epidemiology*; D030041:Hepatitis A virus / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D010802:Phylogeny; D014195:Travel
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007075:Immunoglobulin M