title: High frequency deep brain stimulation in the hippocampus modifies seizure characteristics in kindled rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This experimental animal study evaluates the effect of high frequency deep brain stimulation (HFS DBS) on seizures in the Alternate Day Rapid Kindling model for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The target for HFS is the hippocampus, as this structure is often presumed to be the seizure focus in human TLE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats (n = 12) were fully kindled in the hippocampus according to the Alternate Day Rapid Kindling protocol. Characteristics of the evoked afterdischarges (AD) were determined in the baseline period using AD threshold, AD latency, and AD duration as parameters. Rats were divided into a treated group (n = 7) that received 130 Hz HFS for 1 week, and a control group (n = 5) that did not receive HFS. Rats were retested in the following week. After 1 additional week of rest, the HFS group was continuously stimulated again for 1 week, during which AD evoked by kindling stimuli were characterized again.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HFS had a direct effect on evoked AD: during HFS, it increased AD threshold to 203 +/- 13% of controls (p < 0.01) and increased AD latency to 191 +/- 19% (p < 0.05). It decreased AD duration to 71 +/- 9% (p < 0.05) of controls. The effect outlasted the HFS stimulation as in the week following HFS similar differences, but smaller in size, could still be established.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Continuous HFS (130 Hz) in the hippocampus of epileptic rats modulates the characteristics of evoked AD in a way that reflects a reduction in excitability of the target region.
authors: Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Tine.Wyckhuys@UGent.be
authors: Tine
authors: T
authors: Wyckhuys
authors: Tim
authors: T
authors: De Smedt
authors: Pieter
authors: P
authors: Claeys
authors: Robrecht
authors: R
authors: Raedt
authors: Liesbeth
authors: L
authors: Waterschoot
authors: Kristl
authors: K
authors: Vonck
authors: Caroline
authors: C
authors: Van den Broecke
authors: Cyriel
authors: C
authors: Mabilde
authors: Luc
authors: L
authors: Leybaert
authors: Wytse
authors: W
authors: Wadman
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Boon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007696:Kindling, Neurologic / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008959:Models, Neurological; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012640:Seizures / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control