title: Methylation of SOCS-3 and SOCS-1 in the carcinogenesis of Barrett's adenocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The suppressors of cytokine signalling (SOCS) are inhibitors of cytokine signalling; methylation of SOCS-3 has been implicated in the tumorigenesis of liver as well as head and neck cancer.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to elucidate the role of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 in Barrett's adenocarcinoma and its precursor lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA of specimens from 19 Barrett's adenocarcinomas, 56 Barrett's intraepithelial neoplasias (n = 29 low grade and n = 27 high grade), 30 Barrett's mucosa without neoplasia, 20 samples of normal squamous and gastric epithelium and four cell lines were studied using methylation specific PCR for the SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 promoter following microdissection. The presence of SOCS-3 mRNA transcripts was confirmed by semiquantitative real time PCR, and the SOCS-3 protein was analysed immunohistochemically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In normal squamous epithelium and normal gastric mucosa, neither SOCS-3 nor SOCS-1 methylation was observed. In Barrett's mucosa without intraepithelial neoplasia, SOCS-3 methylation occurred in 4/30 cases (13%) whereas SOCS-1 was unmethylated. A hypermethylated SOCS-3 promoter was found in 14/19 Barrett's adenocarcinomas (74%) and in 20/29 high and 6/27 low grade intraepithelial neoplasias (69% and 22%, respectively). SOCS-1 promoter hypermethylation occurred in 8/19 adenocarcinomas (42%) and in 6/29 high grade and 1/27 low grade intraepithelial neoplasias (21% and 4%, respectively). Methylation of the SOCS-3 promoter correlated with downregulation of SOCS-3 transcripts and protein expression in these tumours and various cell lines. In the cell lines tested, SOCS-3 and SOCS-1 transcripts increased after treatment with the demethylation compound 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that promoter methylation and subsequent transcript downregulation of SOCS-3 transcripts and, to a much lesser extent, SOCS-1 are involved in the multistep carcinogenesis of Barrett's adenocarcinoma.
authors: Institute of Pathology, University of Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp Platz 1, D-44789 Bochum, Germany.
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Tischoff
authors: U R
authors: UR
authors: Hengge
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Vieth
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Ell
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Stolte
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Weber
authors: W E
authors: WE
authors: Schmidt
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Tannapfel
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001471:Barrett Esophagus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000235:genetics; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000235:genetics; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008745:Methylation; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D000071222:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C108944:SOCS1 protein, human; C106644:SOCS3 protein, human; D000071222:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins