title: Incidence and cytological features of pulmonary hamartomas indeterminate on CT scan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pulmonary hamartomas have a characteristic heterogeneous radiological appearance. However, when composed predominantly of undifferentiated mesenchymal fibromyxoid component, their homogeneous appearance on computed tomography is indeterminate for malignancy. Rendering an accurate preoperative diagnosis in these cases can alter management. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and accuracy of cytodiagnosis for hamartomas 'indeterminate' by imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed records for hamartomas diagnosed by transthoracic fine needle aspiration (FNA) including immediate impressions and final diagnoses. Cytological features evaluated included the presence of fibromyxoid stroma, bronchioloalveolar cell hyperplasia, fibroadipose tissue, cartilage and smooth muscle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen (1.3%) hamartomas were identified from 1355 transthoracic FNAs. The immediate impression was hamartoma in 13 (72%), carcinoid in one (6%), mucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinoma in two (11%) and non-diagnostic in two (11%). The final diagnosis of hamartoma in cases diagnosed as carcinoid, mucinous bronchioloalaveolar carcinoma and non-diagnostic on immediate impression was rendered following assessment of all cytological material.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, FNAs are highly reliable for diagnosing hamartomas even when composed principally of undifferentiated mesenchymal fibromyxoid stroma, especially with the aid of all available preparations including Diff-Quik smears, Papanicolaou smears, ThinPreps and cell block material.
authors: Department of Pathology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, USA. aasaqi@med.cornell.edu
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Saqi
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Shaham
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Scognamiglio
authors: M P
authors: MP
authors: Murray
authors: C I
authors: CI
authors: Henschke
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Yankelevitz
authors: M F
authors: MF
authors: Vazquez
mesh_terms: D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006222:Hamartoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed