title: Mcl-1, Bcl-XL and Stat3 expression are associated with progression of melanoma whereas Bcl-2, AP-2 and MITF levels decrease during progression of melanoma.
abstract: Members of the Bcl-2 family of antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and Mcl-1) are key regulators of apoptosis. The purpose of the present study was to examine and better define the role of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and Mcl-1 in the progression of melanoma. Immunohistochemical staining for Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and Mcl-1 was performed on paraffin sections of 100 cases of benign nevi, primary melanoma and metastatic melanoma. Expression was correlated with histopathologic features, clinical progress and expression of transcription factors (AP-2, MITF and p-Stat3). Bcl-2 was expressed in 100% of benign nevi and thin melanoma (<or=1.0 mm) but was less in thick melanoma (>1.0 mm) (88%), subcutaneous (62%) and lymph node metastases (35%). In contrast, Bcl-XL and Mcl-1 were expressed at lower levels in nevi and thin melanoma compared to Bcl-2 but their expression was much higher in thick melanoma and in subcutaneous and lymph node metastases (P<0.0001). Bcl-2 expression was negatively associated with tumor thickness (P<0.05) but Bcl-XL expression increased with increasing tumor thickness (P<0.05) and dermal tumor mitotic rate (P<0.05). Similarly Mcl-1 expression increased with increasing tumor thickness (P<0.09) and dermal tumor mitotic rate (P<0.17). Bcl-2 expression was positively correlated with expression of the transcription factors microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) and nuclear AP-2 whereas Bcl-XL (and Mcl-1) expression were positively correlated with p-Stat3. This study is the first to show a clear dissociation between changes in Bcl-2 expression (downregulation) and Bcl-XL, Mcl-1 expression (upregulation) during progression of melanoma. The results were also consistent with a role for AP-2 and MITF in regulation of Bcl-2 and pStat3 in regulation of Bcl-XL. These findings have important implications for the development of treatments targeting antiapoptotic proteins in patients with melanoma.
authors: Discipline of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors: Liqing
authors: L
authors: Zhuang
authors: C Soon
authors: CS
authors: Lee
authors: Richard A
authors: RA
authors: Scolyer
authors: Stanley W
authors: SW
authors: McCarthy
authors: Xu Dong
authors: XD
authors: Zhang
authors: John F
authors: JF
authors: Thompson
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Hersey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051739:Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D064549:Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D050656:Transcription Factor AP-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C494811:BCL2L1 protein, human; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C497234:MITF protein, human; D051739:Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor; D064549:Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; D050656:Transcription Factor AP-2; D051020:bcl-X Protein