title: IMGT Colliers de Perles and IgSF domain standardization for T cell costimulatory activatory (CD28, ICOS) and inhibitory (CTLA4, PDCD1 and BTLA) receptors.
abstract: T cell activation depends on the specific recognition by their T cell receptors (TR) of antigenic peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (pMHC). Optimal T cell responses occur when T cells not only receive antigen-specific signals through the TR but also non-antigen-specific costimulatory activatory or inhibitory signals through costimulatory receptors. The activatory CD28/B7-1 (or B7-2), inhibitory CTLA4/B7-1 (or B7-2), activatory ICOS/B7H2 and inhibitory PDCD1/B7H1 (or B7DC) pathways involve the interaction of the V-LIKE-DOMAIN of the receptor with a B7 family member. The BTLA/HVEM pathway involves the interaction of the BTLA receptor C-LIKE-DOMAIN with HVEM, a TNFR family member. The human and mouse CD28, CTLA4, ICOS, PDCD1 and BTLA genes, alleles and alternative transcripts and the IMGT Colliers de Perles of the IgSF domains, based on the IMGT unique numbering, are described according to the IMGT-ONTOLOGY concepts of IMGT, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system, http://imgt.cines.fr).
authors: IMGT, The International ImMunoGeneTics Information System, Laboratoire d'ImmunoGénétique Moléculaire, LIGM, Institut de Génétique Humaine, IGH, UPR CNRS 1142, 141 rue de la Cardonille 34396 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
authors: Vijay Phani
authors: VP
authors: Garapati
authors: Marie-Paule
authors: MP
authors: Lefranc
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics*; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / Q000235:genetics*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D016208:Databases, Factual; D006801:Humans; D060889:Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000235:genetics; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000235:genetics*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C482586:BTLA protein, human; D018106:CD28 Antigens; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human; C556707:Ctla4 protein, mouse; C556692:ICOS protein, human; C556694:Icos protein, mouse; D060889:Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein; C105992:PDCD1 protein, human; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic