title: Salmonella Enteritidis in meat, poultry, and pasteurized egg products regulated by the U.S. Food Safety and Inspection Service, 1998 through 2003.
abstract: The U.S. Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) tests for Salmonella in meat, poultry, and egg products through three regulatory testing programs: the Pathogen Reduction-Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (PR-HACCP) program, the ready-to-eat program for meat and poultry products, and the pasteurized egg products program. From 1998 through 2003, 293,938 samples collected for these testing programs were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella enterica serotypes. Of these samples, 12,699 (4.3%) were positive for Salmonella, and 167 (1.3%) of the positive samples (0.06% of all samples) contained Salmonella Enteritidis. The highest incidence of Salmonella Enteritidis was observed in ground chicken PR-HACCP samples (8 of 1,722 samples, 0.46%), and the lowest was found in steer-heifer PR-HACCP samples (0 of 12,835 samples). Salmonella Enteritidis isolates were characterized by phage type, pulsed-field gel electrophoretic pattern, and antimicrobial susceptibility. Phage typing of 94 Salmonella Enteritidis isolates identified PT13 (39 isolates) and PT8 (36 isolates) as the most common types. One isolate from a ready-to-eat ham product was characterized as PT4. Electrophoretic analysis of 148 Salmonella Enteritidis isolates indicated genetic diversity among the isolates, with 28 unique XbaI electrophoretic patterns identified. Of these 148 isolates, 136 (92%) were susceptible to each of 16 antimicrobials tested. Two isolates were resistant to ampicillin alone, and 10 isolates were resistant to two or more antimicrobials. Isolation of Salmonella Enteritidis from FSIS-regulated products emphasizes the need for continued consumer education on proper food handling and cooking practices and continued work to decrease the prevalence of Salmonella in meat, poultry, and pasteurized egg products.
authors: Human Health Sciences Division, Office of Public Health Science, Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. 20250-3700, USA.
authors: Patricia L
authors: PL
authors: White
authors: Alecia L
authors: AL
authors: Naugle
authors: Charlene R
authors: CR
authors: Jackson
authors: Paula J
authors: PJ
authors: Fedorka-Cray
authors: Bonnie E
authors: BE
authors: Rose
authors: Katrine M
authors: KM
authors: Pritchard
authors: Priscilla
authors: P
authors: Levine
authors: Parmesh K
authors: PK
authors: Saini
authors: Carl M
authors: CM
authors: Schroeder
authors: Moshe S
authors: MS
authors: Dreyfuss
authors: Regina
authors: R
authors: Tan
authors: Kristin G
authors: KG
authors: Holt
authors: Jane
authors: J
authors: Harman
authors: Stephanie
authors: S
authors: Buchanan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001434:Bacteriophage Typing; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004531:Eggs / Q000382:microbiology; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005513:Food Inspection; D005516:Food Microbiology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D008461:Meat Products / Q000382:microbiology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011202:Poultry Products / Q000382:microbiology*; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012703:Serotyping; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents