title: Knee alignment does not predict incident osteoarthritis: the Framingham osteoarthritis study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship of knee malalignment to the occurrence of knee osteoarthritis (OA) among subjects without radiographic OA at baseline to determine whether malalignment is a risk factor for incident disease or simply a marker of increasing disease severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We selected 110 incident tibiofemoral (TF) OA case knees (76 subjects) and 356 random control knees (178 subjects) from among participants in the Framingham Osteoarthritis Study. Case knees did not have OA at baseline (1992-1994 examination) but had developed OA (Kellgren/Lawrence grade>or=2) at followup (2002-2005 examination) (mean of 8.75 years between examinations). Control knees did not have OA at baseline. Standardized digital radiographs of the fully extended knee with weight-bearing were read using a standard protocol and eFilm viewing software. We measured the anatomic axis, the condylar angle, the tibial plateau angle, and the condylar tibial plateau angle. The interobserver intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ranged from 0.93 to 0.96 and the intraobserver ICC from 0.94 to 0.97. In a knee-specific analysis, we examined the relationship of each alignment measurement to the risk of TF OA using generalized estimating equations, adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). We used the same approach to assess the association between each alignment measurement and the risk of medial TF OA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects in the case population were older and had a higher BMI than the controls. The alignment values were normally distributed and were not different between the cases and the controls. After adjustment for age, sex and BMI, there was no significant increase in incident OA in the highest quartile compared with the lowest quartile category for any of the alignment measures (P for trend for anatomic axis and condylar tibial plateau angle was 0.83 and 0.80, respectively). Similar results were also observed for medial compartment OA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that baseline knee alignment is not associated with either incident radiographic TF OA or medial TF OA. These results suggest that malalignment is not a risk factor for OA, but rather is a marker of disease severity and/or its progression.
authors: Boston University School of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. djhunter@bu.edu
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Hunter
authors: Jingbo
authors: J
authors: Niu
authors: David T
authors: DT
authors: Felson
authors: William F
authors: WF
authors: Harvey
authors: K Douglas
authors: KD
authors: Gross
authors: Paula
authors: P
authors: McCree
authors: Piran
authors: P
authors: Aliabadi
authors: Burton
authors: B
authors: Sack
authors: Yuqing
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001175:Arthrography; D017760:Bone Malalignment / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D050488:Hallux Varus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors