title: Risk factors for and management of delayed intraperitoneal hemorrhage after pancreatic and biliary surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Delayed intraperitoneal hemorrhage (DIH) is still an important cause of postoperative mortality in pancreatic and biliary surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-nine patients who underwent pancreatic and biliary surgery with skeletonization for lymphadenectomy of the hepatoduodenal ligament between April 2002 and March 2005 were included in this study. Statistical analyses of the risk factors for DIH were performed using both univariate and multivariate modalities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DIH occurred in 4 patients (5.8%) within a median time of 15 days after surgery. Stepwise logistic regression analysis identified intra-abdominal abscess formation as the independent predictor of DIH. All 4 patients had a sentinel bleed before the onset of DIH. Three patients were treated by transarterial embolization and 1 patient was treated by surgical intervention. Three patients had liver abscess after hemostasis of DIH, but all 4 patients recovered and were discharged from the hospital.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A computed tomography angiography should be performed on patients with intra-abdominal abscess formation and sentinel bleed after pancreatic and biliary surgery to check if a pseudoaneurysm has formed.
authors: Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. yamashi@surg2.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors: Yo-ichi
authors: Y
authors: Yamashita
authors: Akinobu
authors: A
authors: Taketomi
authors: Kengo
authors: K
authors: Fukuzawa
authors: Eiji
authors: E
authors: Tsujita
authors: Norifumi
authors: N
authors: Harimoto
authors: Dai
authors: D
authors: Kitagawa
authors: Yosuke
authors: Y
authors: Kuroda
authors: Hiroto
authors: H
authors: Kayashima
authors: Kenzo
authors: K
authors: Wakasugi
authors: Yoshihiko
authors: Y
authors: Maehara
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001662:Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010179:Pancreas / Q000601:surgery*; D010529:Peritoneal Cavity; D012307:Risk Factors