title: Action potential clamp fingerprints of K+ currents in canine cardiomyocytes: their role in ventricular repolarization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to give a parametric description of the most important K(+) currents flowing during canine ventricular action potential.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inward rectifier K(+) current (I(K1)), rapid delayed rectifier K(+) current (I(Kr)), and transient outward K(+) current (I(to)) were dissected under action potential clamp conditions using BaCl(2), E-4031, and 4-aminopyridine, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maximum amplitude of I(to) was 3.0 +/- 0.23 pA/pF and its integral was 29.7 +/- 2.5 fC/pF. The current peaked 4.4 +/- 0.7 ms after the action potential upstroke and rapidly decayed to zero with a time constant of 7.4 +/- 0.6 ms. I(Kr) gradually increased during the plateau, peaked 7 ms before the time of maximum rate of repolarization (V(max)(-)) at -54.2 +/- 1.7 mV, had peak amplitude of 0.62 +/- 0.08 pA/pF, and integral of 57.6 +/- 6.7 fC/pF. I(K1) began to rise from -22.4 +/- 0.8 mV, peaked 1 ms after the time of V(max)(-) at -58.3 +/- 0.6 mV, had peak amplitude of 1.8 +/- 0.1 pA/pF, and integral of 61.6 +/- 6.2 fC/pF. Good correlation was observed between peak I(K1) and V(max)(-) (r = 0.93) but none between I(Kr) and V(max)(-). Neither I(K1) nor I(Kr) was frequency-dependent between 0.2 and 1.66 Hz. Congruently, I(Kr) failed to accumulate in canine myocytes at fast driving rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Terminal repolarization is dominated by I(K1), but action potential duration is influenced by several ion currents simultaneously. As I(to) was not active during the plateau, and neither I(K1) nor I(Kr) was frequency-dependent, other currents must be responsible for the frequency dependence of action potential duration at normal and slow heart rates in canine ventricular cells.
authors: Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Bányász
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Magyar
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Szentandrássy
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Horváth
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Birinyi
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Szentmiklósi
authors: P P
authors: PP
authors: Nánási
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004285:Dogs; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000166:cytology; D008297:Male; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism*; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying / Q000378:metabolism*; D016276:Ventricular Function
chemical_list: D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; D011188:Potassium