[Plastic surgical body form correction. Part II: Face-lift, periorbital surgery, and breast augmentation and reduction].
The demand for a younger appearance is increasing as the average age of the population increases. Extensive anatomic studies in recent years have improved for facial and breast reconstruction the understanding of anatomic structures and the basis of the aging process. Numerous new surgical techniques have resulted. This understanding of the anatomy of aging and the diversity of surgical methods have made the attainment of naturally young facial appearance more easily possible, in which repositioning of the tissue plays a more important role than lifting. In the past, plastic surgery of the eyelids aimed primarily at hiding the aging process, not at true anatomic restoration. Modern techniques in this field aim more toward redistribution of fatty tissues and the anatomic restoration of aging structures. In this way long-term results are stabilized and secondary stigmata can be avoided. New concepts have also been established in breast surgery that allow more natural results, particularly in augmentation. Although no single method may be designated as superior, there still exists an optimal technique suited to every patient's anatomy and personal wishes.
Ryssel
H
H
Klinik für Hand-, Plastische und Rekonstruktive Chirurgie--Schwerbrandverletztenzentrum, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Ludwigshafen. hryssel@bgu-ludwigshafen.de
Germann
G
G
Heitmann
C
C
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000637:transplantation; D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D018427:Breast Implants; D004954:Esthetics; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*; D009558:Nipples / Q000601:surgery; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000502:physiology; D013536:Suture Techniques