title: Investigating gender differences in alcohol problems: a latent trait modeling approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inconsistent results have been found in research investigating gender differences in alcohol problems. Previous studies of gender differences used a wide range of methodological techniques, as well as limited assortments of alcohol problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parents (1,348 men and 1,402 women) of twins enrolled in the Minnesota Twin Family Study answered questions about a wide range of alcohol problems. A latent trait modeling technique was used to evaluate gender differences in the probability of endorsement at the problem level and for the overall 105-problem scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 34 problems that showed significant gender differences, 29 were more likely to be endorsed by men than women with equivalent overall alcohol problem levels. These male-oriented symptoms included measures of heavy drinking, duration of drinking, tolerance, and acting out behaviors. Nineteen symptoms were denoted for removal to create a scale that favored neither gender in assessment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant gender differences were found in approximately one-third of the symptoms assessed and in the overall scale. Further examination of the nature of gender differences in alcohol problem symptoms should be undertaken to investigate whether a gender-neutral scale should be created or if men and women should be assessed with separate criteria for alcohol dependence and abuse.
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA. nich0185@umn.edu
authors: Penny E
authors: PE
authors: Nichol
authors: Robert F
authors: RF
authors: Krueger
authors: William G
authors: WG
authors: Iacono
mesh_terms: D000184:Acting Out; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D008960:Models, Psychological; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012727:Sex Characteristics