title: Regional and modular expression of morphogenetic factors in the demosponge Lubomirskia baicalensis.
abstract: Some sponges [phylum Porifera], e.g. the demosponges Lubomirskia baicalensis or Axinella polypoides, show an arborescent growth form. In the freshwater sponge L. baicalensis this morphotype is seen mostly in depths below 4m while in more shallow regions it grows as a crust. The different growth forms are determined in nature very likely by water current and/or light. The branches of this species are composed of modules, arranged along the apical-basal axis. The modules are delimited by a precise architecture of the spicule bundles; longitudinal bundles originate from the apex of the earlier module, while at the basis of each module these bundles are cross-linked by traverse bundles under formation of annuli. Genes encoding putative morphogenetic factors, myotrophin and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like molecules, and one gene of an antagonist for the Wnt signaling pathway, the soluble frizzled molecule, have been identified and characterized. Their expression levels as well as those of silicatein, one major spicule-forming molecule, have been studied in the crusts and the modules. The data revealed that at the apices of each module higher level of expression of myotrophin and EGF can be detected, while the base of each module is characterized by a high steady-state expression level of soluble frizzled molecule. These results suggest that module formation in L. baicalensis is controlled by a tuned interaction of agonistic (e.g., myotrophin and EGF) as well as antagonistic morphogenetic factors (e.g., soluble frizzled molecule).
authors: Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Abteilung Angewandte Molekularbiologie Universität, Duesbergweg 6, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Wiens
authors: Sergey I
authors: SI
authors: Belikov
authors: Oxana V
authors: OV
authors: Kaluzhnaya
authors: Teresa
authors: T
authors: Adell
authors: Heinz C
authors: HC
authors: Schröder
authors: Sanja
authors: S
authors: Perovic-Ottstadt
authors: Jaap A
authors: JA
authors: Kaandorp
authors: Werner E G
authors: WE
authors: Müller
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000032:analysis; D051157:Frizzled Receptors / Q000032:analysis; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009024:Morphogenesis; D011161:Porifera / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D051157:Frizzled Receptors; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C065700:myotrophin; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor