title: Detection of hypermethylated DNA or cyclooxygenase-2 messenger RNA in fecal samples of patients with colorectal cancer or polyps.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Detection of fecal DNA is a promising approach to colorectal cancer screening. However, the sensitivity of current fecal DNA tests for colorectal polyps is low. We evaluated the feasibility of detecting aberrantly methylated DNA or cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA in feces of patients with colorectal cancer or polyps.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fecal samples were collected prior to colonoscopy from 20 patients with colorectal cancer, 30 patients with colorectal polyps, and 30 subjects with normal colonic examination. Presence of hypermethylated DNA in 7 tumor-related genes (APC, ATM, hMLH1, sFRP2, HLTF, MGMT, and GSTP1) in stool was analyzed by methylation-specific PCR. COX-2 mRNA in fecal samples was detected by RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With the use of this panel of methylation markers, the sensitivity of detecting colorectal cancer and adenoma was 75% (95% CI 50.9-91.3%) and 68% (95% CI 46.5-85.1%), respectively. Three normal subjects also had methylated DNA detected in stool, which gives a specificity of 90% (95% CI 73.5-97.9%). The mean number of genes methylated in DNA from the stool of patients with colorectal cancer and adenoma was 1.4 and 0.9, respectively. In contrast, COX-2 mRNA was detected in the stool samples of 10 (50%) cancer patients and one (4%) patient with advanced adenoma only. Two (6.7%) stool samples from normal subjects also had COX-2 mRNA detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Detection of aberrantly methylated DNA in fecal samples is more sensitive than COX-2 mRNA for detection of colorectal cancer and adenoma.
authors: Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong.
authors: Wai K
authors: WK
authors: Leung
authors: Ka-Fai
authors: KF
authors: To
authors: Ellen P S
authors: EP
authors: Man
authors: Michael W Y
authors: MW
authors: Chan
authors: Aric J
authors: AJ
authors: Hui
authors: Simon S M
authors: SS
authors: Ng
authors: James Y W
authors: JY
authors: Lau
authors: Joseph J Y
authors: JJ
authors: Sung
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000201:enzymology; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000032:analysis*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis*; D005243:Feces; D006801:Humans; D007417:Intestinal Polyps / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000201:enzymology; D008875:Middle Aged; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2