title: Toxicological availability of nickel to the benthic oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus.
abstract: It is generally accepted that the bioavailability of metals in sediments is influenced by the presence of acid volatile sulfides (AVS). The pore water hypothesis predicts that, if the molar concentration of simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) in a sediment is smaller than the molar concentration of AVS, the free metal ion activity in the pore water is very small and that consequently no metal toxicity in short-term toxicity tests is observed. In this study we examined (1) if this concept can be extended to predict the absence of chronic Ni toxicity to the oligochaete deposit-feeding worm Lumbriculus variegatus and (2) if the organic carbon normalized excess SEM; i.e. [SEM-AVS]/f(OC) predicts the magnitude of Ni toxicity to L. variegatus. A 28-day toxicity experiment was performed in which biomass production of L. variegatus was determined in two natural sediments with different [AVS] and f(OC), spiked at different Ni concentrations. The absence of toxicity is predicted correctly by the [SEM-AVS]<0 criterion when only the 0-1 cm surface layer of the sediment is considered, but not when the whole bulk sediment is considered (0-3 cm). In both sediments, the same [SEM-AVS]/f(OC) at the surface corresponds with a similar decrease in L. variegatus biomass. Thus, [SEM-AVS]/f(OC) in the surface layer accurately predicts the magnitude of toxicity. This measure is therefore a good estimator of toxicologically available Ni. On the other hand, the free Ni(2+) ion activity in the overlying water appeared to be an equally good predictor of the magnitude of toxicity. Consequently, it was not possible to determine the relative importance of the overlying water and pore water exposure route with the semi-static laboratory experiments.
authors: Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, J. Plateaustraat 22, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Michiel.Vandegehuchte@UGent.be
authors: M B
authors: MB
authors: Vandegehuchte
authors: Y E
authors: YE
authors: Roman
authors: L T H
authors: LT
authors: Nguyen
authors: C R
authors: CR
authors: Janssen
authors: K A C
authors: KA
authors: De Schamphelaere
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity*; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009532:Nickel