title: An ROS generator, antimycin A, inhibits the growth of HeLa cells via apoptosis.
abstract: Antimycin A (AMA), an inhibitor of electron transport in mitochondria, has been used as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) generator in biological systems. Here, we investigated the in vitro effect of AMA on apoptosis in HeLa cells. AMA inhibited the growth of HeLa cells with an IC(50) of about 50 microM. AMA efficiently induced apoptosis, as evidenced by flow cytometric detection of sub-G1 DNA content, annexin V binding assay, and DAPI staining. This apoptotic process was accompanied by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)), Bcl-2 down-regulation, Bax up-regulation, and PARP degradation. All caspase inhibitors used in this experiment, especially pan-caspase inhibitor (Z-VAD), could rescue some HeLa cells from AMA-induced cell death. When we examined the changes of the ROS, H(2)O(2) or O(2) (.-), in AMA-treated cells, H(2)O(2) and O(2) (.-) were markedly increased. In addition, we detected the depletion of GSH content in AMA-treated cells. Pan-caspase inhibitor showing the efficient anti-apoptotic effect significantly reduced GSH depletion by AMA. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase did not reduce intracellular ROS, but these could strongly rescue the cells from apoptosis. However, these anti-apoptotic effects were not accompanied by the recovery of GSH depletion. Interestingly, catalase significantly decreased the CMF negative (GSH depletion) and propidium iodide (PI) positive cells, indicating that catalase strongly maintained the integrity of the cell membrane in CMF negative cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that AMA potently generates ROS, induces the depletion of GSH content in HeLa cells, and strongly inhibits the growth of HeLa cells throughout apoptosis.
authors: Department of Physiology, Medical School, Institute for Medical Sciences, Centers for Healthcare Technology Development, Chonbuk National University, JeonJu, 561-180, Republic of Korea. parkwh71@chonbuk.ac.kr
authors: Woo Hyun
authors: WH
authors: Park
authors: Yong Whan
authors: YW
authors: Han
authors: Suhn Hee
authors: SH
authors: Kim
authors: Sung Zoo
authors: SZ
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000968:Antimycin A / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000968:Antimycin A; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione