title: Gallstone recurrence after successful percutaneous cholecystolithotomy: a 10-year follow-up of 439 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stone recurrence is a major problem in the medication of gallstones with gallbladder preservation. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term recurrence rate of gallstones and the clinical outcome after successful percutaneous cholecystolithotomy (PCCL) treatment, and to investigate the possible risk factors for gallstone recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  After successful PCCL for gallstones, 439 patients were followed up during a 10-year period. The long-term gallstone recurrence rate and clinical outcome were evaluated. Risk factors associated with stone recurrence were identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gallstone recurrence was detected in 182 of 439 PCCL patients, giving an overall recurrence rate of 41.46%. The cumulative gallstone recurrence rate for each of the 10 post-operative years was 9.57%, 18.91%, 27.33%, 34.14%, 37.59%, 39.86%, 41.90%, 42.73%, 42.85%, and 43.21%, respectively. Among these recurrent patients, 94 were asymptomatic, 80 suffered from nonspecific upper gastrointestinal symptoms and 8 suffered from abdominal pain or biliary colic. Thirty-eight of the 182 patients were retreated with cholecystectomy. The risk factors for stone recurrence included a family history of gallstones, preference for fatty food, accompanying liver disease, multiple stones and poor gallbladder function pre-PCCL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, the overall recurrence rate of gallstone was 41.46% during a 10-year period. The highest frequency of gallstone recurrence was during the 5th to 6th postoperative years and then continued to slowly increase. Risk factors for stone recurrence varied. We suggest that the use of PCCL in patients with gallstones should be considered carefully because of stone recurrence.
authors: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing PLA 309 Hospital, Beijing, China. ypzou61@hotmail.com
authors: Yi-Ping
authors: YP
authors: Zou
authors: Ji-Dong
authors: JD
authors: Du
authors: Wei-Min
authors: WM
authors: Li
authors: Yin-Qi
authors: YQ
authors: Xiao
authors: Hong-Bin
authors: HB
authors: Xu
authors: Fang
authors: F
authors: Zheng
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Huang
authors: Hao-Run
authors: HR
authors: Liu
authors: Hu-Cheng
authors: HC
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D041761:Cholecystolithiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors