title: Dose-dependent effects of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on blood lipids in statin-treated hyperlipidaemic subjects.
abstract: The objective of the study was to evaluate potential benefits of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) rich fish oil supplementation as an adjunct to statin therapy for hyperlipidaemia. A total of 45 hyperlipidaemic patients on stable statin therapy with persistent elevation of plasma triglycerides (averaging 2.2 mmol/L) were randomised to take 4 g/day (n = 15) or 8 g/day (n = 15) of tuna oil or olive oil (placebo, n = 15) for 6 months. Plasma lipids, blood pressure and arterial compliance were assessed initially and after 3 and 6 months in 40 subjects who completed the trial. Plasma triglycerides were reduced 27% by 8 g/day DHA-rich fish oil (P < 0.05) but not by 4 g/day when compared with the placebo and this reduction was achieved by 3 months and was sustained at 6 months. Even though total cholesterol was already well controlled by the statin treatment (mean initial level 4.5 mmol/L), there was a further dose-dependent reduction with fish oil supplementation (r = -0.344, P < 0.05). The extent of total cholesterol reduction correlated (r = -0.44) with the initial total cholesterol levels (P < 0.005). In the subset with initial plasma cholesterol above 3.8 mmol/L, plasma very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were isolated and assayed for cholesterol and apolipoprotein B (apoB) at the commencement of the trial and at 3 months of intervention. Fish oil tended to lower cholesterol and apoB in VLDL and raise both in LDL. There were no changes in IDL cholesterol, IDL apoB and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The results demonstrate that DHA-rich fish oil supplementation (2.16 g DHA/day) can improve plasma lipids in a dose-dependent manner in patients taking statins and these changes were achieved by 3 months. Fish oil in addition to statin therapy may be preferable to drug combinations for the treatment of combined hyperlipidaemia.
authors: School of Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. bmeyer@uow.edu.au
authors: Barbara J
authors: BJ
authors: Meyer
authors: Tone
authors: T
authors: Hammervold
authors: Arild Chr
authors: AC
authors: Rustan
authors: Peter R C
authors: PR
authors: Howe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000097:blood; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077340:Fluvastatin; D006538:Heptanoic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007211:Indoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D053419:Lipoproteins, IDL / Q000097:blood; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011725:Pyridines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D005395:Fish Oils; D006538:Heptanoic Acids; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D007211:Indoles; D008055:Lipids; D053419:Lipoproteins, IDL; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL; D011725:Pyridines; D011758:Pyrroles; D014280:Triglycerides; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D000077340:Fluvastatin; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D019821:Simvastatin; C086276:cerivastatin