title: Low-density lipoprotein, collagen, and thrombin models reveal that Rosemarinus officinalis L. exhibits potent antiglycative effects.
abstract: Using the low-density lipoprotein (LDL), collagen, and thrombin models, we report here that the rosemary extracts (REs), either the aqueous (REw) or the acetonic (REA), all possessed many antiglycation-related features, and the effective concentrations required were as follows: 0.1 mg/mL for suppressing the relative electrophoretic mobility, 1.3 microg/mL for anticonjugated diene induction, 0.5 mg/mL for inhibition of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances production, 0.1 mg/mL for AGEs (advanced glycation end products) formation, 0.1 mg/mL to block glucose incorporation, and 0.05 mg/mL as an effective anti-antithrombin III. Using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, we identified five major constituents among eight major peaks, including rosmarinic acid, carnosol, 12-methoxycarnosic acid, carnosic acid, and methyl carnosate. In the LDL model, REA was proven to be more efficient than REw; yet, the reverse is true for the collagen and the thrombin III models, the reason of which was ascribed to the higher lipid-soluble antioxidant content (such as rosmarinic acid, carnosol, carnosic acid, 12-methoxycarnosic acid and methyl carnosate) in REA than in REw and the different surface lipid characteristics between LDL and collagen; although to act as anti-AGEs, both extracts were comparable. To assist the evidence, a larger 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capability with less total polyphenolic content was found in REA. We conclude that rosemary is an excellent multifunctional therapeutic herb; by looking at its potential potent antiglycative bioactivity, it may become a good adjuvant medicine for the prevention and treatment of diabetic, cardiovascular, and other neurodegenerative diseases.
authors: Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Biotechnology, and Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Hung-Kuang University, No. 34 Chung-Chie Road, Shalu County, Taichung Hsien, Taiwan.
authors: Chiu-Lan
authors: CL
authors: Hsieh
authors: Chiung-Huei
authors: CH
authors: Peng
authors: Charng-Cherng
authors: CC
authors: Chyau
authors: Yuh-Charn
authors: YC
authors: Lin
authors: Hui-Er
authors: HE
authors: Wang
authors: Robert Y
authors: RY
authors: Peng
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry*; D006031:Glycosylation / Q000187:drug effects; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D027542:Rosmarinus / Q000737:chemistry*; D013917:Thrombin / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D010936:Plant Extracts; D003094:Collagen; D013917:Thrombin