title: In vitro effects of endodontic irrigants on endotoxins in root canals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of endodontic irrigants on endotoxins in root canals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-eight single-root human teeth were used. Escherichia coli endotoxin was inoculated into 84 root canals. All root canals were enlarged and assigned to 7 groups (n = 14), according to solution used. Group 1 (G1): 2.5% NaOCl; G2: 5.25% NaOCl; G3: 2% chlorhexidine; G4: 0.14% calcium hydroxide; G5: polymyxin B; G6: positive control, saline solution; G7: negative control (no endotoxin). Two samplings of root canal were accomplished: immediate and after 7 days. Detoxification of endotoxin was evaluated by Limulus assay and antibody production in B-lymphocyte culture. Results were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn and ANOVA/Tukey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the immediate and second samplings, groups G4, G5, and G7 presented the best results, significantly different from groups G1, G2, G3, and G6 (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Calcium hydroxide and polymyxin B detoxified endotoxin in root canals and altered properties of LPS to stimulate the antibody production by B-lymphocytes. Sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine did not detoxify endotoxin.
authors: Department of Oral Biosciences and Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, Paulista State University-UNESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil. luciane@fosjc.unesp.br <luciane@fosjc.unesp.br>
authors: Luciane Dias
authors: LD
authors: de Oliveira
authors: Antonio Olavo Cardoso
authors: AO
authors: Jorge
authors: Cláudio Antonio Talge
authors: CA
authors: Carvalho
authors: Cristiane Yumi
authors: CY
authors: Koga-Ito
authors: Marcia Carneiro
authors: MC
authors: Valera
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D004926:Escherichia coli; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000032:analysis*; D051379:Mice; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants