title: Knockdown and mortality comparisons among spinosad-, imidacloprid-, and methomyl-containing baits against susceptible Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) under laboratory conditions.
abstract: The activity of spinosad, imidacloprid, and methomyl baits and technical actives were assessed against susceptible house flies, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). In a feeding assay, imidacloprid affected flies more rapidly than methomyl or spinosad, but spinosad was 2.7 times more potent than methomyl and 8 times more potent than imidacloprid. The profile of technical actives correlated with their respective fly bait formulations in laboratory assays. Although having the most rapid onset of activity in laboratory tests, up to 50% of flies remained alive after exposure to imidacloprid bait. In contrast, <5% of flies survived 24-h exposure to spinosad or methomyl baits. High temperature reduced the knockdown activity of imidacloprid bait and slowed the speed of kill for spinosad and methomyl baits over a 24-h exposure period. Spinosad and methomyl baits were also superior to imidacloprid when applied to the floors of environmentally controlled rooms at label recommended rates, providing good fly control for up to 21 d. The fact that a significant percentage of flies exposed to imidacloprid were rapidly knocked down but subsequently remained alive in all of the assays suggested that flies were recovering from initial exposure to this compound. Given its favorable safety profile, a high degree of initial and residual activity comparable with methomyl and lack of cross-resistance to other chemistries, spinosad bait may be a valuable component of house fly control programs to help control or delay the emergence of resistant populations.
authors: Elanco Animal Health Research and Development, a Division of Eli Lilly and Company, 2001 W. Main Street, Greenfield, IN 46140, USA. whw66@lilly.com
authors: W Hunter
authors: WH
authors: White
authors: Christine M
authors: CM
authors: McCoy
authors: Jeffery A
authors: JA
authors: Meyer
authors: Joseph R
authors: JR
authors: Winkle
authors: Philip R
authors: PR
authors: Plummer
authors: Connie J
authors: CJ
authors: Kemper
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Starkey
authors: Daniel E
authors: DE
authors: Snyder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006793:Houseflies / Q000187:drug effects*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007300:Insect Control / Q000295:instrumentation; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018942:Macrolides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008724:Methomyl / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D018942:Macrolides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D008724:Methomyl; C082359:imidacloprid; C415329:spinosad