title: The use of cone beam computed tomography as an aid in evaluating and treatment planning for mandibular cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The workup for oral malignancy involving the mandible typically involves a head and neck exam, laboratory studies, a panoramic radiograph, and computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging of the head and neck to evaluate the primary lesion and cervical lymph nodes. Panoramic plain film radiography of the mandible is often unreliable for detecting bony invasion; therefore, other imaging studies are necessary before staging is complete. Bony invasion is typically imaged with the use of conventional CT scanners. In this article we relate the use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to image the mandible with less cost and morbidity to the patient and its use in the evaluation and treatment planning of mandibular cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of 3 patients with mandibular malignancies was performed. All patients had a panoramic radiograph, magnetic resonance imaging, and chest radiograph, in addition to laboratory studies. CBCT scans were ordered, after bony involvement was suspected, and compared with the other imaging studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two patients with squamous cell carcinoma of anterior mandible and 1 patient with osteogenic sarcoma were reviewed. In all cases CBCT aided the evaluation of the mandible. The cone beam panoramic view, as part of the CBCT, was used to determine extent of resection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CBCT can accurately aid in evaluating and treatment planning for malignant tumors of the mandible with less cost and decreased radiation to the patient relative to conventional CT.
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0440, USA.
authors: James J
authors: JJ
authors: Closmann
authors: Brian L
authors: BL
authors: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005887:Gingival Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008339:Mandibular Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011861:Radiography, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods