A conspicuous connection: structure defines function for the phosphatidylinositol-phosphate kinase family.
The phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) kinases are a unique family of enzymes that generate an assortment of lipid messengers, including the pivotal second messenger phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI4,5P2). While members of the PIP kinase family function by catalyzing a similar phosphorylation reaction, the specificity loop of each PIP kinase subfamily determines substrate preference and partially influences distinct subcellular targeting. Specific protein-protein interactions that are unique to particular isoforms or splice variants play a key role in targeting PIP kinases to appropriate subcellular compartments to facilitate the localized generation of PI4,5P2 proximal to effectors, a mechanism key for the function of PI4,5P2 as a second messenger. This review documents the discovery of the PIP kinases and their signaling products, and summarizes our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying the localized generation of PI4,5P2 by PIP kinases for the regulation of cellular events including actin cytoskeleton dynamics, vesicular trafficking, cell migration, and an assortment of nuclear events.
Heck
Jessica N
JN
Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Mellman
David L
DL
Ling
Kun
K
Sun
Yue
Y
Wagoner
Matthew P
MP
Schill
Nicholas J
NJ
Anderson
Richard A
RA
D019870:1-Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002465:Cell Movement; D004705:Endocytosis; D005089:Exocytosis; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010587:Phagocytosis; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019269:Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
D019269:Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D019870:1-Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase