title: PARP inhibition reduces acute colonic inflammation in rats.
abstract: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) comprise a family of enzymes which catalyse poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of DNA-binding proteins. Multiple researches indicate the importance of PARP in promoting cell recruitment and thereby inducing organ injury in various forms of inflammation, such as colitis. We have evaluated the effects of two PARP inhibitors, nicotinamide and 1,5-dihydroxyisoquinoline, in acute colitis induced by trinitrobenzensulfonic acid (TNBS) in rats. Nicotinamide (20-40 mg/kg) and 1,5-dihydroxyisoquinoline (4-8 mg/kg) were administered 48, 24 and 1 h prior to the induction of colitis as well as 24 h later. 48 h after colitis induction the lesions were blindly scored and quantified as ulcer index. Histological study and colonic inflammation were assessed by gross appearance and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis and, cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 expressions by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were also performed. Inflammation following TNBS induction was characterized by increased colonic wall thickness, oedema, diffuse inflammatory cells infiltration in the mucosa and necrosis. Furthermore, increased MPO activity, cyclooxygenase-2 expression and PGE2 synthesis were significantly augmented after TNBS instillation. On the contrary, treatment with 1,5-dihydroxyisoquinoline significantly reduced the degree of colon injury and also caused a substantial reduction in the rise in MPO activity, in the increase of staining for cyclooxygenase-2, as well as in the up-regulation of PGE2 caused by TNBS in the colon. Although nicotinamide significantly did not reduce macroscopic damage, it decreased both MPO activity and PGE2 colonic levels. In conclusion, we demonstrated that PARP inhibition can exert beneficial effects in experimental colitis and may, therefore, be useful in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González Street, 2 41012, Seville, Spain. fidalgo@us.es
authors: Susana
authors: S
authors: Sánchez-Fidalgo
authors: Isabel
authors: I
authors: Villegas
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Martín
authors: Marina
authors: M
authors: Sánchez-Hidalgo
authors: Catalina
authors: C
authors: Alarcón de la Lastra
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D000067856:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D007546:Isoquinolines; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D000067856:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; D009536:Niacinamide; C095653:1,5-dihydroxyisoquinoline; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid; D009195:Peroxidase; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496513:Ptgs1 protein, rat; C489691:Ptgs2 protein, rat; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D015232:Dinoprostone