Stent material surface and glucose activate mononuclear cells of control, type 1 and type 2 diabetes subjects.
In stent restenosis (ISR) has been described as an unaccomplished tissue healing and its rate is particularly high in diabetic patients. Evidence has been collected which relates the formation of ISR proteoglycan-rich neointimal tissue to the accumulation and protracted activation of macrophages around the stent metal struts. Here, the in vitro activation of mononuclear cells adhering to stainless steel (a material of choice in stent manufacturing) from control and diabetic (types 1 and 2) subjects was assessed in the presence of different glucose levels. The results showed that cells from the control and type 1 diabetes groups produced significantly higher levels of TGF-beta1 when adhering on stainless steel (p = 0.04 and p = 0.01), but a significant PDGF-BB secretion was observed only in control subjects. When tested at physiological glucose concentration, the effect of the stainless steel on control cells was more pronounced. The present study shows that mononuclear cells adhering onto stainless steel secrete growth factors relevant to ISR. Cells from diabetic subjects seem to secrete relatively higher levels of PDGF under hyperglycaemic conditions regardless of the substrate exposed thus offering an explanation for the higher incidence of restenosis in these patients.
Harrison
Moira
M
School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Cockcroft Building Lewes Road, Brighton BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom.
Siddiq
Amer
A
Guildford
Anna
A
Bone
Adrian
A
Santin
Matteo
M
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000077214:Becaplermin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D013193:Stainless Steel; D015607:Stents
D001786:Blood Glucose; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D013193:Stainless Steel; D000077214:Becaplermin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002784:Cholesterol; D005947:Glucose