title: Recent progress in the management of advanced renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: A better understanding of the molecular biology of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has led to a dramatic paradigm shift in the treatment of patients with metastatic disease. Historically, a nonspecific immune approach using cytokines was employed, but recently this has transitioned to a molecularly-targeted approach against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and related pathways. Several anti-VEGF agents, including ligand-binding agents such as bevacizumab and the small molecule inhibitors of VEGF and related receptors such as sunitinib and sorafenib, have demonstrated clinical activity in patients with metastatic RCC. Other agents that inhibit alternative targets such as the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) have also demonstrated activity. This generation of novel molecular targeted therapies continues to show great promise. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current management and to discuss potential future directions in the management of metastatic RCC.
authors: Department of Solid Tumor Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center, OH, USA.
authors: Jorge A
authors: JA
authors: Garcia
authors: Brian I
authors: BI
authors: Rini
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000628:therapy*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069347:Erlotinib Hydrochloride; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D008954:Models, Biological; D011494:Protein Kinases; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D011799:Quinazolines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D000069347:Erlotinib Hydrochloride; D011494:Protein Kinases; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases