title: Effects of oregano, carvacrol and thymol on Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oregano essential oil, carvacrol and thymol on biofilm-grown Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains, as well as the effects of the oils on biofilm formation. For most of the S. aureus (n=6) and S. epidermidis (n=6) strains tested, the biofilm inhibitory concentration (0.125-0.500 %, v/v, for oregano, and 0.031-0.125 %, v/v, for carvacrol and thymol) and biofilm eradication concentration (0.25-1.0 %, v/v, for oregano and 0.125-0.500 %, v/v, for carvacrol and thymol) values were twofold or fourfold greater than the concentration required to inhibit planktonic growth. Subinhibitory concentrations of the oils attenuated biofilm formation of S. aureus and S. epidermidis strains on polystyrene microtitre plates.
authors: Dipartimento Farmaco-Biologico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Messina, Villaggio Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
authors: Antonia
authors: A
authors: Nostro
authors: Direzione Ricerca, Sviluppo & Innovazione, SIFI SpA, Via Ercole Patti 36, Lavinaio, 95020 Catania, Italy.
authors: Andrea Sudano
authors: AS
authors: Roccaro
authors: Dipartimento Farmaco-Biologico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Messina, Villaggio Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Bisignano
authors: Dipartimento Farmaco-Biologico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Messina, Villaggio Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
authors: Andreana
authors: A
authors: Marino
authors: Dipartimento Farmaco-Biologico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Messina, Villaggio Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
authors: Maria A
authors: MA
authors: Cannatelli
authors: Dipartimento Farmaco-Biologico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Messina, Villaggio Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
authors: Francesco C
authors: FC
authors: Pizzimenti
authors: Dipartimento di Chimica Bioorganica e Biofarmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
authors: Pier Luigi
authors: PL
authors: Cioni
authors: Dipartimento Farmaco-Biologico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Messina, Villaggio Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
authors: Francesca
authors: F
authors: Procopio
authors: Direzione Ricerca, Sviluppo & Innovazione, SIFI SpA, Via Ercole Patti 36, Lavinaio, 95020 Catania, Italy.
authors: Anna Rita
authors: AR
authors: Blanco
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D000081007:Cymenes; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology; D031341:Origanum; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects*; D013943:Thymol / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000081007:Cymenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils; D013943:Thymol; C073316:carvacrol