Genetic variability of the M genome segment of clinical and environmental Toscana virus strains.
Twenty-seven strains of Toscana virus, collected over a period of 23 years and isolated from several localities and from different hosts (humans, arthropods and a bat), were investigated by sequencing of a portion of the M genomic segment comprising the G(N) glycoprotein coding region. Sequence data indicated that the divergence among isolates ranged from 0 to 5.7 % at the nucleotide level and from 0 to 3.4 % at the amino acid level. Phylogenetic analysis revealed four main clusters. A close correspondence between viral strains and area/year of isolation could not be demonstrated, whilst co-circulation of different viral strains in the same area and in the same time period was observed for both patients and environmental viral isolates. Alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences and evolutionary analysis indicated that most of the sites along the gene may be invariable because of purifying and/or neutral selection.
Venturi
Giulietta
G
Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome 00161, Italy.
Ciccozzi
Massimo
M
Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome 00161, Italy.
Montieri
Stefania
S
Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome 00161, Italy.
Bartoloni
Alessandro
A
Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Florence, Italy.
Francisci
Daniela
D
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy.
Nicoletti
Loredana
L
Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome 00161, Italy.
Fortuna
Claudia
C
Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome 00161, Italy.
Marongiu
Luigi
L
Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome 00161, Italy.
Rezza
Giovanni
G
Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome 00161, Italy.
Ciufolini
Maria Grazia
MG
Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome 00161, Italy.
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001181:Arthropods; D001483:Base Sequence; D002044:Bunyaviridae Infections / Q000821:virology*; D002685:Chiroptera; D005260:Female; D016679:Genome, Viral; D005843:Geography; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D029301:Sandfly fever Naples virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D013997:Time Factors; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
D006023:Glycoproteins; D014764:Viral Proteins