title: Prevalence of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in serum samples of amphetamine, metamphetamine and ecstasy impaired drivers.
abstract: Two hundred and forty-seven serum samples which have been collected by police during roadside testing and have been found positive for amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and/or 3,4-methylenedioxyethamphetamine (MDE) were analyzed for gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB). Serum samples were spiked with deuterated GHB as internal standard and acetonitrile was added to achieve dilution and protein precipitation. Samples were analyzed with a LC-MS/MS system operated in the multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM) using a TurboIonSpray source. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a Synergi Polar RP column applying a gradient elution with a runtime of 15 min. To differentiate between endogenous and exogenously administered GHB a cut-off concentration of 10 microg/mL was applied. Five samples exceeded this concentration and were found positive for GHB. These samples were only found positive for amphetamine but no other amphetamine derivatives were detected, while in three samples THC and in one sample cocaine, benzoylecgonine and ethanol were found.
authors: Institute of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Toxicology, University Hospital, Albertstr. 9, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Dresen
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Kempf
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Weinmann
mesh_terms: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia / Q000097:blood*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000662:Amphetamines / Q000097:blood; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000097:blood; D003042:Cocaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000097:blood; D000431:Ethanol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D053593:Forensic Toxicology; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012978:Sodium Oxybate / Q000097:blood*; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection
chemical_list: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D000662:Amphetamines; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D000431:Ethanol; C005618:benzoylecgonine; D012978:Sodium Oxybate; D003042:Cocaine