title: Synthesis and characterization of surface-grafted polyacrylamide brushes and their inhibition of microbial adhesion.
abstract: A method is presented to prevent microbial adhesion to solid surfaces exploiting the unique properties of polymer brushes. Polyacrylamide (PAAm) brushes were grown from silicon wafers by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using a three-step reaction procedure consisting of immobilization of a coupling agent gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, anchoring of an ATRP initiator 4-(chloromethyl)benzoyl chloride, and controlled radical polymerization of acrylamide. The surfaces were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and contact-angle measurements. The calculated grafting density pointed to the presence of a dense and homogeneous polymer brush. Initial deposition rates, adhesion after 4 h, and detachment of two bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 12600 and Streptococcus salivarius GB 24/9) and one yeast strain (Candida albicans GB 1/2) to both PAAm-coated and untreated silicon surfaces were investigated in a parallel plate flow chamber. A high reduction (70-92%) in microbial adhesion to the surface-grafted PAAm brush was observed, as compared with untreated silicon surfaces. Application of the proposed grafting method to silicone rubbers may offer great potential to prevent biomaterials-centered infection of implants.
authors: Department of Polymer Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Irina
authors: I
authors: Cringus-Fundeanu
authors: Jeroen
authors: J
authors: Luijten
authors: Henny C
authors: HC
authors: van der Mei
authors: Henk J
authors: HJ
authors: Busscher
authors: Arend J
authors: AJ
authors: Schouten
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010316:Particle Size; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000187:drug effects*; D013499:Surface Properties; D000099166:Polyacrylamides
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000099166:Polyacrylamides