title: Sedative and hypnotic effects of combined administration of metoclopramide and ketamine in chickens.
abstract: Metoclopramide is a dopamine receptor antagonist used in animals as both an antiemetic and a gastroprokinetic agent. In chickens, the drug causes central nervous system depression. The authors examined the potential sedative and hypnotic effects of metoclopramide when administered in combination with the anesthetic agent ketamine in 1-3-week-old chicks. Concomitant administration of metoclopramide and ketamine markedly reduced the median effective doses (ED50s) of both drugs for the induction of sedation and sleep in the chicks. The results suggest potential therapeutic applications of the metoclopramide-ketamine combination as a restraining agent in avian species not intended for human consumption.
authors: Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, PO Box 11136, Mosul, Iraq. fouadmohammad@yahoo.com
authors: Fouad K
authors: FK
authors: Mohammad
authors: Muna H I
authors: MH
authors: Al-Zubaidy
authors: Ashraf S
authors: AS
authors: Alias
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000502:physiology*; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008787:Metoclopramide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D007649:Ketamine; D008787:Metoclopramide