Nurses' tobacco-related knowledge, attitudes, and practice in four major cities in China.
OBJECTIVE
To (a) identify Chinese nurses' tobacco-related knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP), including perception of competency in smoking-cessation interventions; (b) identify barriers and facilitators to smoking cessation interventions to patients; and (c) assess the learning needs and smoking status of nurses.


METHODS
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in four major cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Chongqing) in China from November to December 2003.


METHODS
2,888 registered nurses working in hospitals affiliated with five university schools of nursing in these cities were invited to complete a questionnaire. An instrument used to assess tobacco-related KAP in Hong Kong was translated into Chinese and pilot tested to ensure reliability and validity.


RESULTS
2,179 questionnaires were returned and after exclusion of the grossly incomplete questionnaires, 1,690 were included in the present analysis. Only 2% of participants were current and 1% were former smokers; most had not received training for smoking-cessation interventions as part of their nursing education program. Two-thirds recognized smoking as a leading cause of preventable death and that smoking cessation was the most cost effective intervention, but only a third routinely assisted patients' quit attempts. Nurses who received training reported greater competence in providing smoking-cessation intervention, and more frequent practice of cessation interventions.


CONCLUSIONS
Chinese nurses had some knowledge about the health effects of tobacco use, but seldom practiced smoking-cessation interventions. Those who had prior training had greater competence and more practice. Including tobacco control, especially smoking cessation, in nursing curricula in China has the potential to save millions of lives.
Chan
Sophia S C
SS
Department of Nursing Studies, L.K.S. Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. nssophia@hkucc.hku.hk
Sarna
Linda
L
Wong
David C N
DC
Lam
Tai-Hing
TH
D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002423:Cause of Death; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003479:Curriculum; D004509:Education, Nursing, Continuing; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006786:Hospitals, Urban; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training; D008297:Male; D020380:Needs Assessment; D024802:Nurse's Role; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D015402:Nursing Education Research; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000193:education / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000523:psychology*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires