title: Chronic pain in Canada: have we improved our management of chronic noncancer pain?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic noncancer pain (CNCP) is a global issue, not only affecting individual suffering, but also impacting the delivery of health care and the strength of local economies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The current study (the Canadian Chronic Pain Study II [CCPSII]) was designed to assess any changes in the prevalence and treatment of CNCP, as well as in attitudes toward the use of strong analgesics, compared with a 2001 study (the CCPSI), and to provide a snapshot of the current standards of care for pain management in Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standard, computer-assisted telephone interview survey methodology was applied in two segments, ie, a general population survey and a survey targeting randomly selected primary care physicians (PCPs) who treat moderate to severe CNCP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The patient-reported prevalence of CNCP within Canada has not markedly changed since 2001 but the duration of suffering has decreased. There have been minor changes in regional distribution and generally more patients receive medical treatment, which includes prescription analgesics. Physicians continue to demonstrate opiophobia in their prescribing practices; however, although this is lessened relating to addiction, abuse remains an important concern to PCPs. Canadian PCPs, in general, are implementing standard assessments, treatment approaches, evaluation of treatment success and tools to prevent abuse and diversion, in accordance with guidelines from the Canadian Pain Society and other pain societies globally, although there remains room for improvement and standardization.
authors: Department of Anaesthesia, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. alineboulanger@videotron.ca
authors: Aline
authors: A
authors: Boulanger
authors: Alexander J
authors: AJ
authors: Clark
authors: Pamela
authors: P
authors: Squire
authors: Edward
authors: E
authors: Cui
authors: G L A
authors: GL
authors: Horbay
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002170:Canada; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid