title: Phase II study on the effect of disease sites, age, and prior therapy on response to iodine-131-metaiodobenzylguanidine therapy in refractory neuroblastoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of disease sites and prior therapy on response and toxicity after iodine-131-metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) treatment of patients with resistant neuroblastoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred sixty-four patients with progressive, refractory or relapsed high-risk neuroblastoma, age 2 to 30 years, were treated in a limited institution phase II study. Patients with cryopreserved hematopoietic stem cells (n = 148) were treated with 18 mCi/kg of 131I-MIBG. Those without hematopoietic stem cells (n = 16) received 12 mCi/kg. Patients were stratified according to prior myeloablative therapy and whether they had measurable soft tissue involvement or only bone and/or bone marrow disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hematologic toxicity was common, with 33% of patients receiving autologous hematopoietic stem cell support. Nonhematologic grade 3 or 4 toxicity was rare, with 5% of patients experiencing hepatic, 3.6% pulmonary, 10.9% infectious toxicity, and 9.7% with febrile neutropenia. The overall complete plus partial response rate was 36%. The response rate was significantly higher for patients with disease limited either to bone and bone marrow, or to soft tissue (compared with patients with both) for patients with fewer than three prior treatment regimens and for patients older than 12 years. The event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) times were significantly longer for patients achieving response, for those older than 12 years and with fewer than three prior treatment regimens. The OS was 49% at 1 year and 29% at 2 years; EFS was 18% at 1 year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high response rate and low nonhematologic toxicity with 131I-MIBG suggest incorporation of this agent into initial multimodal therapy of neuroblastoma.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco, and UCSF Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94143-0106, USA. matthayk@peds.ucsf.edu
authors: Katherine K
authors: KK
authors: Matthay
authors: Gregory
authors: G
authors: Yanik
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Messina
authors: Alekist
authors: A
authors: Quach
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Huberty
authors: Su-Chun
authors: SC
authors: Cheng
authors: Janet
authors: J
authors: Veatch
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Goldsby
authors: Patricia
authors: P
authors: Brophy
authors: Leslie S
authors: LS
authors: Kersun
authors: Randall A
authors: RA
authors: Hawkins
authors: John M
authors: JM
authors: Maris
mesh_terms: D019797:3-Iodobenzylguanidine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016015:Logistic Models; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019797:3-Iodobenzylguanidine