title: Efficacy of oral nicorandil in patients with end-stage renal disease: a retrospective chart review after coronary angioplasty in Japanese patients receiving hemodialysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients receiving hemodialysis for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are at high risk for death from ischemic heart disease (IHD). Nicorandil, a hybrid compound of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel opener and nitric oxide donor, has been reported to improve the clinical prognosis of patients with IHD.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to investigate the efficacy of oral nicorandil in reducing the risks for cardiovascular events (CVEs) and CVE-related death in patients receiving hemodialysis for ESRD after undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for angina pectoris.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this retrospective chart review, we used data from telephone interviews and medical charts from 3 hospitals in Japan. Data from patients aged <80 years who were receiving hemodialysis for ESRD and who had undergone successful PCI for angina between January 1999 and December 2004 were included in the analysis. Patients were stratified based on status of nicorandil treatment before PCI, as follows: patients receiving nicorandil 5 mg PO TID (the recommended dosage in Japan) for >1 month before PCI (nicorandil group) or those who did not receive nicorandil (control group). We investigated 6-year follow-up data on the primary end point, defined as CVEs (ie, unplanned hospital admission for worsening anginal status, or CVE-related death). The secondary end point was CVE-related death. After the data were initially analyzed, we performed a propensity-matched analysis to minimize selection bias.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data from 356 patients were included in the study (235 men, 121 women; mean [SD] age, 69 [9] years; mean [SD] weight, 52.3 [9.1] kg; nicorandil group, 198 patients; control group, 158 patients). According to the estimated propensity scores, 107 patients from each group were matched. There were no differences between the 2 groups in the baseline characteristics. On propensity-matched patient analysis, the estimated rates of patients who were CVE-free at 6 years were 33.5% in the nicorandil group and 21.8% in the control group on Kaplan-Meier analysis (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36-0.78; P < 0.002), and the rates of 6-year survival (ie, patients who did not experience CVE-related death) were 92.7% in the nicorandil group and 85.8% in the control group (HR = 0.27; 95% CI, 0.07-0.89; P = 0.047). Cox multivariate analysis found that nico-randil treatment status was an independent predictor of CVEs (HR = 0.40; 95% CI, 0.18-0.91; P = 0.028) and CVE-related death (HR = 0.38; 95% CI, 0.14-0.78; P = 0.030).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results obtained in this retrospective study suggest the potential efficacy of nicorandil treatment in improving clinical outcomes in patients with IHD receiving hemodialysis following PCI.
authors: Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine and Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan. hkishii@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp
authors: Hideki
authors: H
authors: Ishii
authors: Takanobu
authors: T
authors: Toriyama
authors: Toru
authors: T
authors: Aoyama
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Takahashi
authors: Shigeki
authors: S
authors: Yamada
authors: Hirotake
authors: H
authors: Kasuga
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Ichimiya
authors: Masaaki
authors: M
authors: Kanashiro
authors: Hirotsugu
authors: H
authors: Mitsuhashi
authors: Shoichi
authors: S
authors: Maruyama
authors: Seiichi
authors: S
authors: Matsuo
authors: Keiko
authors: K
authors: Naruse
authors: Tatsuaki
authors: T
authors: Matsubara
authors: Toyoaki
authors: T
authors: Murohara
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020108:Nicorandil / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011379:Prognosis; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D020108:Nicorandil