title: Efficacy of gamma radiation and aqueous chlorine on Escherichia coli O157:H7 in hydroponically grown lettuce plants.
abstract: Interaction of Escherichia coli O157:H7/pGFP with hydroponically grown lettuce plants was evaluated in this study. Lettuce seedlings were planted in contaminated Hoagland's nutrient solution and thereafter subjected to gamma radiation at 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 kGy, and aqueous chlorine at 200 ppm. There was no trace of E. coli O157:H7/pGFP in lettuce leaves harvested from noncontaminated nutrient solution (control); however, for plants grown in contaminated nutrient solution, the pathogen was recovered from the leaves disinfected with 80% ethanol and 0.1% mercuric chloride. Most of the lettuce seedlings grown in contaminated nutrient solution tested negative for E. coli O157:H7/pGFP under controlled conditions. Gamma radiation at 0.25 and 0.5 kGy, and aqueous chlorine at 200 ppm failed to eliminate E. coli O157:H7/pGFP in lettuce tissue completely; however, the bacteria were not detected in 0.75-kGy treated plants. The presence of E. coli O157:H7/pGFP in lettuce leaves is an indication that the pathogen migrated from the contaminated hydroponic system through the roots to the internal locations of lettuce tissue. Due to inaccessibility and limited penetrating power, aqueous chlorine could not eliminate the bacteria localized in the internal tissue. Findings from this study suggest that gamma irradiation was more efficacious than was aqueous chlorine to control internal contamination in hydroponically grown lettuce. Gamma irradiation is a process that processors can use to inactivate E. coli O157:H7 and therefore, consumers benefit from a safer food product [corrected]
authors: Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA. akilonzontheng@tnstate.edu
authors: Agnes K
authors: AK
authors: Nthenge
authors: Jean S
authors: JS
authors: Weese
authors: Melvin
authors: M
authors: Carter
authors: Cheng-I
authors: CI
authors: Wei
authors: Tung-Shi
authors: TS
authors: Huang
mesh_terms: D017606:Chlorine Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control; D005514:Food Irradiation / Q000379:methods*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005720:Gamma Rays; D018527:Hydroponics; D018545:Lactuca / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D017606:Chlorine Compounds