title: Maternal glycemic control and hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetic pregnancy: a randomized trial of insulin aspart versus human insulin in 322 pregnant women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the safety and efficacy of insulin aspart (IAsp) versus regular human insulin (HI) in basal-bolus therapy with NPH insulin in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects (n = 322) who were pregnant or planning pregnancy were randomized to IAsp or HI as meal-time insulin in an open-label, parallel-group, multicenter study. Subjects had A1C < or =8% at confirmation of pregnancy. Insulin doses were titrated toward predefined glucose targets and A1C <6.5%. Outcomes assessed included risk of major maternal hypoglycemia, A1C, plasma glucose profiles, and maternal safety outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Major hypoglycemia occurred at a rate of 1.4 vs. 2.1 episodes/year exposure with IAsp and HI, respectively (relative risk 0.720 [95% CI 0.36-1.46]). Risk of major/major nocturnal hypoglycemia was 52% (RR 0.48 [0.20-1.143]; P = NS) lower with IAsp compared with HI. A1C was comparable with human insulin in second (IAsp-HI -0.04 [-0.18 to 0.11]) and third (-0.08 [-0.23 to 0.06]) trimesters. A total of 80% of subjects achieved an A1C < or =6.5%. At the end of first and third trimesters, average postprandial plasma glucose increments were significantly lower with IAsp than HI (P = 0.003 and P = 0.044, respectively), as were mean plasma glucose levels 90 min after breakfast (P = 0.044 and P = 0.001, respectively). Maternal safety profiles and pregnancy outcomes were similar between treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IAsp is at least as safe and effective as HI when used in basal-bolus therapy with NPH insulin in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes and may potentially offer some benefits in terms of postprandial glucose control and preventing severe hypoglycemia.
authors: Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. em@rh.dk
authors: Elisabeth R
authors: ER
authors: Mathiesen
authors: Brendan
authors: B
authors: Kinsley
authors: Stephanie A
authors: SA
authors: Amiel
authors: Simon
authors: S
authors: Heller
authors: David
authors: D
authors: McCance
authors: Santiago
authors: S
authors: Duran
authors: Shannon
authors: S
authors: Bellaire
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Raben
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061267:Insulin Aspart; D007336:Insulin, Isophane / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011788:Quality of Life
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D061267:Insulin Aspart; D007336:Insulin, Isophane