title: Diagnostic detection of human immunodeficincy virus type-1 antibodies in urine, Jimma Hospital, south west Ethiopa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) specific antibodies continues to be the most important measure in diagnosis and HIV intervention. Detection of anti-HIV antibodies in serum or plasma samples are common strategies. However, body fluids such as urine and saliva could serve as an alternative sample for diagnosis of HIV infection.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the diagnostic accuracy of Calypte HIV-1 urine EIA test kits for detection of HIV antibodies in urine sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urine and serum samples were collected from a total of 365 subjects (HIV suspected (n=156), VCT clients (n=129) and 80 known HIV positive individuals at Jimma Hospital VCT center, OSSA, Red Cross and Mekaneyessus Jimma cohort sites in unlinked anonymous testing method. Urine sample were tested using Calypte HIV-1 urine EIA kits parallel to the golden standard method of testing serum samples by combination of Determine and Vironostica (Rapid test followed by ELISA) test algorithm. All discordant samples (by urine serum tests) were resolved using urine western blot (Calypte HIV-1 urine Western Blot).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparing the results obtained with a golden standard (HIV test algorithm) the sensitivity and specificity of urine EIA test kit were 99.5% (187/188) and 98.3% (174/177) respectively. Beside to this kappa's test of agreement showed perfect agreement with kappa 0.98.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The result showed the utility of urine test as an alternative method for HIV antibody detection. Since the method of collection of urine specimen is non-invasive, it reduces occupational exposure for health professionals involved in collecting samples. Furthermore patient's stronger acceptance to give urine samples will make this test more applicable than serum or whole blood test.
authors: Addis Ababa University, Medical Faculty, School of Medical Laboratory Technology. bineymt@yahoo.com
authors: Bineyam
authors: B
authors: Taye
authors: Yimtubezenash
authors: Y
authors: Woldeamanuel
authors: Estifanos
authors: E
authors: Kebede
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000652:urine*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000652:urine; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D015483:HIV Antibodies