title: Augmented hyperaemia and reduced tissue injury in response to ischaemia in subjects with the 34C > T variant of the AMPD1 gene.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In patients with coronary artery disease, the 34C > T variant of the adenosine mono-phosphate deaminase gene (AMPD1), encoding a dysfunctional protein, predicts improved survival. We hypothesized that in subjects with this variant allele, ischaemia-induced intracellular adenosine formation is increased, augmenting reactive hyperaemia and ischaemic tolerance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We selected 10 healthy subjects with the CT genotype and 10 CC controls. The forearm vasodilator response to 2 and 5 min of ischaemia (venous occlusion plethysmography, expressed as percentage of maximum blood flow after 13 min of ischaemia) was higher in the CT group 56% (49-74%) and 77% (71-86%) vs. 49% (42-53%) and 60% (55-70%) in the CC group [median (interquartile range), P = 0.01]. Additionally, ischaemia-reperfusion injury was assessed in the thenar muscle using (99m)Tc-annexin A5 scintigraphy after forearm ischaemic exercise to detect externalized membrane phosphatidylserines. At reperfusion, (99m)Tc-annexin was administered intravenously. The change in annexin targeting between 1 and 4 h post-injection was -2.3% (interquartile range -2.4 to -1.6%) in the CT group vs. -0.3% (-0.6 to 1.3%) in controls (n = 7 in both groups, P = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 34C > T variant of AMPD1 augments vasodilation and reduces tissue injury in response to forearm ischaemia. These mechanisms could contribute to the survival benefit of cardiovascular patients with this variant allele.
authors: Department of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 21, 6525 EZ, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands. n.riksen@aig.umcn.nl
authors: Niels P
authors: NP
authors: Riksen
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Franke
authors: Wim J G
authors: WJ
authors: Oyen
authors: George F
authors: GF
authors: Borm
authors: Petra
authors: P
authors: van den Broek
authors: Otto C
authors: OC
authors: Boerman
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Smits
authors: Gerard A
authors: GA
authors: Rongen
mesh_terms: D000659:AMP Deaminase / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D004176:Dipyridamole / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply*; D006801:Humans; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000235:genetics*; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000235:genetics*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D004176:Dipyridamole; D000659:AMP Deaminase; C514117:AMPD1 protein, human