title: Macrophage infiltration into omental versus subcutaneous fat across different populations: effect of regional adiposity and the comorbidities of obesity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue has been demonstrated to accompany obesity, with a potential preferential infiltration into intraabdominal vs. sc fat.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to determine whether this occurs across different populations with a range of body mass indexes and to assess the relationship with regional adiposity and comorbidity of obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  In two independent cohorts, we used paired omental (OM) and sc fat biopsies from lean controls or predominantly sc or intraabdominally obese persons with minimal comorbidity (n = 60, cohort 1), or from severely obese women with a significant rate of comorbidity (n = 29, cohort 2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Elevated macrophage infiltration into OM vs. sc fat was observable in lean subjects and exaggerated by obesity, particularly if predominantly intraabdominal. This was paralleled by increased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1) and colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF1) mRNA levels. Level of CSF1 and MCP1 mRNA correlated with the number of OM macrophages (r = 0.521, P < 0.0001 and r = 0.258, P < 0.051, respectively). In severely obese women (mean body mass index = 43.0 +/- 1.1 kg/m(2)), higher protein expression of both MCP1 and CSF1 was detected in OM vs. sc fat. Number of OM macrophages, but not of sc macrophages, correlated with waist circumference (r = 0.636, P = 0.001 vs. r = 0.170, P = 0.427) and with the number of metabolic syndrome parameters (r = 0.385, P = 0.065 vs. r = -0.158, P = 0.472, respectively). Preferential macrophage infiltration into OM fat was mainly observed in a subgroup in whom obesity was associated with impaired glucose homeostasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preferential macrophage infiltration into OM fat is a general phenomenon exaggerated by central obesity, potentially linking central adiposity with increased risk of diabetes and coronary heart disease.
authors: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
authors: Ilana
authors: I
authors: Harman-Boehm
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Blüher
authors: Henry
authors: H
authors: Redel
authors: Netta
authors: N
authors: Sion-Vardy
authors: Shira
authors: S
authors: Ovadia
authors: Eliezer
authors: E
authors: Avinoach
authors: Iris
authors: I
authors: Shai
authors: Nora
authors: N
authors: Klöting
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Stumvoll
authors: Nava
authors: N
authors: Bashan
authors: Assaf
authors: A
authors: Rudich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000276:immunology; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000235:genetics; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D009852:Omentum / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D050507:Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor