title: Evolution of nucleotide sequences and expression patterns of hydrophobin genes in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus.
abstract: Hydrophobins are small, secreted proteins that play important roles in the development of pathogenic and symbiotic fungi. Evolutionary mechanisms generating sequence and expression divergence among members in hydrophobin gene families are largely unknown. Seven hydrophobin (hyd) genes and one hyd pseudogene were isolated from strains of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus. Sequences were analysed using phylogenetic methods. Expression profiles were inferred from microarray experiments. The hyd genes included both young (recently diverged) and old duplicates. Some young hyd genes exhibited an initial phase of enhanced sequence evolution owing to relaxed or positive selection. There was no significant association between sequence divergence and variation in expression levels. However, three hyd genes displayed a shift in the expression levels or an altered tissue specificity following duplication. The Paxillus hyd genes evolve according to the so-called birth-and-death model in which some duplicates are maintained for a long time, whereas others are inactivated through mutations. The role of subfunctionalization and/or neofunctionalization for preserving the hyd duplicates in the genome is discussed.
authors: Balaji
authors: B
authors: Rajashekar
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Samson
authors: Department of Microbial Ecology, Lund University, Ecology Building, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden.
authors: Tomas
authors: T
authors: Johansson
authors: Department of Microbial Ecology, Lund University, Ecology Building, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden.
authors: Anders
authors: A
authors: Tunlid
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000235:genetics*; D005075:Biological Evolution; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000235:genetics*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011544:Pseudogenes; D012641:Selection, Genetic
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins