title: Influence of hypo- and hyperglycaemia on plasma leptin concentrations in healthy women and in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insulin resistance and obesity play an important role in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). It is known that experimentally induced insulin resistance diminishes the stimulatory effect of insulin on leptin secretion. It is not yet known whether the long-term insulin resistance as found in PCOS patients alters the leptin response to hypo- and hyperglycaemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We induced hyper- and hypoglycaemia by glucose clamp technique in 7 patients with PCOS and 20 healthy controls. After a plasma glucose level of 8.8 mmol/l was reached, the plasma glucose level was reduced stepwise to 6.8, 4.8 and 2.8 mmol/l.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PCOS patients required lower glucose infusion rates to reach the glycaemic targets (P < 0.05). Serum insulin and C-peptide concentrations increased significantly during the clamp compared with the baseline in both groups (P < 0.001 for insulin, and P < 0.001, P < 0.005 for C-peptide control and PCOS, respectively) and increased significantly more in PCOS patients compared with the control group (both P < 0.05). Basal leptin levels were significantly higher in the PCOS group than in the control group (P = 0.005). In the controls, the leptin concentration increased significantly during the clamp (P < 0.001 for each glycaemic target), whereas in the PCOS group, leptin secretion increased only during hypoglycaemia (P = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with the healthy controls, the response of leptin secretion to hyper- and hypoglycaemia was diminished in PCOS patients. Changes in leptin secretion seem not to be caused by hyper- and hypoglycaemia, but rather by hyperinsulinaemia. Reduced insulin sensitivity seems to be responsible for the diminished leptin response, which might contribute to the obesity found in PCOS patients.
authors: Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany. a.k.ludwig@web.de
authors: A K
authors: AK
authors: Ludwig
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Weiss
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Tauchert
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Dietze
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Rudolf
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Diedrich
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Peters
authors: K M
authors: KM
authors: Oltmanns
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin