title: Scuba diving enhances endogenous antioxidant defenses in lymphocytes and neutrophils.
abstract: The aim was to study the effects of a scuba diving session on the lymphocyte antioxidant system, NO synthesis, the capability to produce reactive oxygen species and the antioxidant response in neutrophils. For that purpose seven male divers performed an immersion at a depth of 40 m for 25 min. The same parameters were measured after an hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment at resting conditions in a hyperbaric chamber. Lymphocyte H2O2 production rose after diving and after HBO treatment. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase activities increased after diving in lymphocytes, while after HBO exposure only increased GPx activity. Lymphocyte HO-1 mRNA expression increased after diving and after HBO exposure, while iNOS levels and nitrite levels significantly increased after diving. The hyperoxia associated to scuba diving leads to a condition of oxidative stress with increased lymphocyte H2O2 production, HO-1 expression, NO synthesis and antioxidant enzyme adaptations in order to avoid oxidative damage.
authors: Laboratori de Ciènces de l'Activitat Física, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Spain.
authors: M D
authors: MD
authors: Ferrer
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Sureda
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Batle
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Tauler
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Tur
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Pons
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004242:Diving; D015870:Gene Expression; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D018496:Hyperoxia / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000633:toxicity; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496541:HMOX1 protein, human; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D010100:Oxygen