title: Socioeconomic position, co-occurrence of behavior-related risk factors, and coronary heart disease: the Finnish Public Sector study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the associations between socioeconomic position, co-occurrence of behavior-related risk factors, and the effect of these factors on the relative and absolute socioeconomic gradients in coronary heart disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We obtained the socioeconomic position of 9337 men and 39,255 women who were local government employees aged 17-65 years from employers' records (the Public Sector Study, Finland). A questionnaire survey in 2000-2002 was used to collect data about smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, obesity, and prevalence of coronary heart disease (myocardial infarction or angina diagnosed by a doctor).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The age-adjusted odds of coronary heart disease were 2.1-2.2 times higher for low-income groups than high-income groups for both men and women, and adjustment for risk factors attenuated these associations by 13%-29%. There was no further attenuation with additional adjustment for the number of co-occurring risk factors, although socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with the co-occurrence of multiple risk factors. The absolute difference in coronary heart disease risk between socioeconomic groups could not be attributed to the measured risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interventions to reduce adult behavior-related risk factors may not completely remove socioeconomic differences in relative or absolute coronary heart disease risk, although they would lessen these effects.
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK. m.kivimaki@ucl.ac.uk
authors: Mika
authors: M
authors: Kivimäki
authors: Debbie A
authors: DA
authors: Lawlor
authors: George
authors: G
authors: Davey Smith
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Kouvonen
authors: Marianna
authors: M
authors: Virtanen
authors: Marko
authors: M
authors: Elovainio
authors: Jussi
authors: J
authors: Vahtera
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D015438:Health Behavior; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017150:Public Sector; D012307:Risk Factors; D012923:Social Class