title: Fluvastatin alters platelet aggregability in patients with hypercholesterolemia: possible improvement of intraplatelet redox imbalance via HMG-CoA reductase.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypercholesterolemia enhances platelet aggregability. Statins have beneficial effects on cardiovascular events. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether statins inhibit platelet aggregation and, if so, the mechanisms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve patients with hypercholesterolemia were prospectively randomized in a crossover design to receive either fluvastatin (20 mg/d) or colestimide (3000 mg/d) for 12 weeks. The subjects were switched to the opposite arm for additional 12 weeks. Before and after first and second treatments, experiments were performed. Eleven age-matched volunteers with normal lipid profiles served as controls. ADP-induced platelet aggregation, platelet-derive nitric oxide (PDNO) release, intraplatelet levels of GSH and GSSG, and intraplatelet nitrotyrosine production during platelet aggregation were measured. Fluvastatin and colestimide equally lowered total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemia. Platelet aggregation was greater in hypercholesterolemia than in normocholesterolemia before treatment and was altered by fluvastatin. PDNO release, intraplatelet glutathione level, and GSH/GSSG ratio were lower in hypercholesterolemia than in normocholesterolemia before treatment and were increased by fluvastatin. Intraplatelet nitrotyrosine formation was greater in hypercholesterolemia than in normocholesterolemia, and decreased by fluvastatin. Colestimide did not have such effects. In vitro application of fluvastatin dose-dependently inhibited platelet aggregation. Furthermore, in vitro application of fluvastatin dose-dependently inhibited platelet nitrotyrosine expressions and the inhibitory effects by fluvastatin were reversed by preincubation with geranylgeranylpyrophosphate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fluvastatin altered platelet aggregability in hypercholesterolemic patients in a cholesterol-lowering independent manner, which was partly mediated by the improvement of intraplatelet redox imbalance.
authors: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan.
authors: Nobuya
authors: N
authors: Haramaki
authors: Hisao
authors: H
authors: Ikeda
authors: Katsuhiko
authors: K
authors: Takenaka
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Katoh
authors: Ryo
authors: R
authors: Sugano
authors: Sho-ichi
authors: S
authors: Yamagishi
authors: Hidehiro
authors: H
authors: Matsuoka
authors: Tsutomu
authors: T
authors: Imaizumi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000837:Anion Exchange Resins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004811:Epichlorohydrin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D000077340:Fluvastatin; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects*; D011106:Polyisoprenyl Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012117:Resins, Synthetic / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000837:Anion Exchange Resins; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D007093:Imidazoles; D007211:Indoles; D011106:Polyisoprenyl Phosphates; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; D014280:Triglycerides; C417427:colestimide; D004811:Epichlorohydrin; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D000077340:Fluvastatin; D002784:Cholesterol; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases; D005978:Glutathione; C002963:geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate