title: At-line near-infrared spectroscopy for prediction of the solid fat content of milk fat from New Zealand butter.
abstract: Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy calibrations that will allow prediction of the solid fat content (SFC) of milk fat extracted from butter by one measurement during manufacture were developed. SFC is a measure of the amount of the solid fraction of fat crystallized at a temperature expressed as a percentage (w/w). At-line SFC determinations are currently performed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, which involves a 16 h delay period for tempering of the milk fat at 0 degrees C prior to the SFC measurements, from 0 to 35 degrees C in a series of 5 degrees C increments. The NIR spectra (400-2500 nm) were obtained using a sample holder maintained at 60 degrees C. Accurate predictions for the SFC (%) were developed by principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares (PLS) regression models to relate the NIR spectra to the corresponding NMR values. The independent validation samples (N = 22) had a standard error of prediction (SEP) of 0.385-0.762% for SFC between 0 and 25 degrees C, with SFC reference values ranging between 70.42 and 8.96% with a standard deviation range of 3.36-1.47. The low bias (from -0.351 to -0.025), the slopes (0.935-1.077), and the excellent predictive ability (R2; 0.923-0.978) supported the validity of these calibrations.
authors: Fonterra Research Centre, Private Bag 11 029, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
authors: Lucy P
authors: LP
authors: Meagher
authors: Stephen E
authors: SE
authors: Holroyd
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Illingworth
authors: Frank
authors: F
authors: van de Ven
authors: Susan
authors: S
authors: Lane
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002079:Butter / Q000032:analysis*; D005223:Fats / Q000032:analysis*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D009520:New Zealand; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
chemical_list: D005223:Fats; D002079:Butter