title: Effect of polyhexanide and gentamycin on human osteoblasts and endothelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Infection of total joint replacements is painful, disabling and difficult to treat because of the increasing bacterial resistance against antibiotics. In view of this, antiseptics show limited bacterial tolerance and have a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. However, the application of antiseptics to bone is insufficiently studied in literature. Therefore, we investigated the biocompatibility of the antiseptic polyhexanide with bone related cells and asked whether supplementation to bone cement is appropriate in the management of total arthroplasty infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed an in vitro study with immortalised human foetal osteoblast cells (hFOB 1.19) and human endothelial cells (EAhy 926). The cultured cells were exposed to media containing various concentrations of gentamicin (12.5-800 microg/ml) and polyhexanide (0.0006-0.01%) for six hours. We measured the phase-contrast microscopy images, the cell viability, cell number and the alkaline phosphatase activity as a parameter for osteogenic function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The exposure of hFOB and endothelial cells to polyhexanide showed a severe reduction of viability and cell number. Gentamicin did not have negative effects on hFOB and endothelial cell number and viability. The alkaline phosphatase activity of hFOB showed a significant decrease after exposure to polyhexanide and gentamicin. The viability and the cell number of endothelial cells seem more negatively affected by polyhexanide than the parameters of the hFOB-cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The exposure of human osteoblasts and endothelial cells to polyhexanide at concentrations with questionable antibacterial activity resulted in severe cell damage whereas exposure to high dosed gentamicin did not. These results raise questions as to the feasibility of using antiseptics in bone cement for the treatment of total arthroplasty infections. Further in vivo studies are necessary to show the in vivo relevance of these in vitro findings.
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany. akif_ince@hotmail.com
authors: Akif
authors: A
authors: Ince
authors: Norbert
authors: N
authors: Schütze
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Hendrich
authors: Franz
authors: F
authors: Jakob
authors: Jochen
authors: J
authors: Eulert
authors: Jochen F
authors: JF
authors: Löhr
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000187:drug effects; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019643:Arthroplasty, Replacement / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D001645:Biguanides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D002452:Cell Count; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D001645:Biguanides; D001843:Bone Cements; D005839:Gentamicins; C031233:polihexanide; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase