title: Endothelin-1 induces alveolar epithelial-mesenchymal transition through endothelin type A receptor-mediated production of TGF-beta1.
abstract: Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is implicated in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but the cellular mechanisms underlying the role it plays in this disease are not well characterized. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which was recently demonstrated in alveolar epithelial cells (AEC), may play an important role in the pathogenesis of IPF and other forms of pulmonary fibrosis. Whether ET-1 contributes to the induction of EMT in AEC is unknown. The aims of this study were to evaluate AEC production of ET-1 and to determine if ET-1 induces EMT in AEC. We demonstrate that ET-1 is produced at physiologically relevant levels by primary AEC and is secreted preferentially toward the basolateral surface. We also demonstrate that AEC express high levels of endothelin type A receptors (ET-A) and, to a lesser extent, type B receptors (ET-B), suggesting autocrine or paracrine function for alveolar ET-1. In addition, ET-1 induces EMT through ET-A activation. Furthermore, TGF-beta1 synthesis is increased by ET-1, ET-1 induces Smad3 phosphorylation, and ET-1-induced EMT is attenuated by a TGF-beta1-neutralizing antibody. Thus, ET-1 is an important mediator of EMT in AEC, acting through ET-A-mediated TGF-beta1 production. These findings increase our basic understanding of the role of ET-1 in pulmonary fibrosis and suggest potential roles for AEC-derived ET-1 in the pathogenesis of other alveolar epithelial-mediated lung diseases.
authors: Division of Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9063, USA.
authors: Raksha
authors: R
authors: Jain
authors: Philip W
authors: PW
authors: Shaul
authors: Zea
authors: Z
authors: Borok
authors: Brigham C
authors: BC
authors: Willis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D055370:Lung Injury; D008297:Male; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D010641:Phenotype; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1