title: Experimental validation of uterine artery volume blood flow measurement by Doppler ultrasonography in pregnant sheep.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that Doppler-derived (calculated) uterine artery volume blood flow (cQ(UtA)) reflects accurately volume blood flow measured directly (mQ(UtA)) in an experimental setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five pregnant sheep were instrumented at 122-130 days of gestation under general anesthesia. After a 4-day recovery period, maternal hemodynamics were varied by administering to the sheep under general anesthesia noradrenaline, beta-blocker, low oxygen gas mixture, epidural bupivacaine and ephedrine, consecutively. The central venous pressure was obtained with the help of a thermodilution catheter. The mean arterial pressure and acid-base status were monitored using a 16-gauge polyurethane catheter inserted into the descending aorta via a femoral artery. A 6-mm transit-time ultrasonic perivascular flow probe was used to measure the mQ(UtA). Doppler ultrasonography of the uterine artery was performed and volume blood flow was obtained simultaneously by the transit-time ultrasonic perivascular flow probe during each phase of the experiment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 31 observations were made. The mQ(UtA) varied between 90 and 800 (mean +/- SD, 419 +/- 206) mL/min during the experiments. The corresponding values for the cQ(UtA) were 110 and 900 (mean +/- SD, 459 +/- 211) mL/min. There was a significant correlation (R = 0.76; P < 0.0001) between mQ(UtA) and cQ(UtA). The mQ(UtA) correlated positively with Doppler-derived uterine artery absolute velocities, i.e. peak systolic (R = 0.50; P = 0.004), end-diastolic (R = 0.53; P = 0.002) and time-averaged maximum (R = 0.69; P < 0.0001) and time-averaged intensity weighted mean (R = 0.75; P < 0.0001) velocities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  cQ(UtA) correlates well with volume blood flow measured directly. Doppler-derived uterine artery absolute blood flow velocities reflect uteroplacental volume blood flow in pregnant sheep. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine University of Tromsø and University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway. ganesh.acharya@fagmed.uit.no
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Acharya
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Sitras
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Erkinaro
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Mäkikallio
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Kavasmaa
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Päkkilä
authors: J C
authors: JC
authors: Huhta
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Räsänen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D005260:Female; D011247:Pregnancy; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D034561:Sheep, Domestic; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000379:methods; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods; D014599:Uterus / Q000098:blood supply*