title: Modification of intestinal flora with multispecies probiotics reduces bacterial translocation and improves clinical course in a rat model of acute pancreatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infection of pancreatic necrosis by gut bacteria is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Use of prophylactic antibiotics remains controversial. The aim of this experiment was assess if modification of intestinal flora with specifically designed multispecies probiotics reduces bacterial translocation or improves outcome in a rat model of acute pancreatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into 3 groups: (1) controls (sham-operated, no treatment), (2) pancreatitis and placebo, and (3) pancreatitis and probiotics. Acute pancreatitis was induced by intraductal glycodeoxycholate and intravenous cerulein infusion. Daily probiotics or placebo was administered intragastrically from 5 days prior until 7 days after induction of pancreatitis. Tissue and fluid samples were collected for microbiologic and quantitative real-time PCR analysis of bacterial translocation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Probiotics reduced duodenal bacterial overgrowth of potential pathogens (Log(10) colony-forming units [CFU]/g 5.0 +/- 0.7 [placebo] vs 3.5 +/- 0.3 CFU/g [probiotics], P < .05), resulting in reduced bacterial translocation to extraintestinal sites, including the pancreas (5.38 +/- 1.0 CFU/g [placebo] vs 3.1 +/- 0.5 CFU/g [probiotics], P < .05). Accordingly, health scores were better and late phase mortality was reduced: 27% (4/15, placebo) versus 0% (0/13, probiotics), respectively, P < .05.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This experiment supports the hypothesis that modification of intestinal flora with multispecies probiotics results in reduced bacterial translocation, morbidity, and mortality in the course of experimental acute pancreatitis.
authors: Gastrointestinal Research Unit, Departments of Gastroenterology and Surgery, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: L Paul
authors: LP
authors: van Minnen
authors: Harro M
authors: HM
authors: Timmerman
authors: Femke
authors: F
authors: Lutgendorff
authors: André
authors: A
authors: Verheem
authors: Wil
authors: W
authors: Harmsen
authors: Sergey R
authors: SR
authors: Konstantinov
authors: Hauke
authors: H
authors: Smidt
authors: Maarten R
authors: MR
authors: Visser
authors: Ger T
authors: GT
authors: Rijkers
authors: Hein G
authors: HG
authors: Gooszen
authors: Louis M A
authors: LM
authors: Akkermans
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018988:Bacterial Translocation / Q000187:drug effects*; D001644:Bifidobacterium; D004386:Duodenum / Q000382:microbiology; D007778:Lactobacillus; D008297:Male; D019283:Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley