title: A randomized crossover trial of a wedged insole for treatment of knee osteoarthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In uncontrolled studies, a lateral-wedge insole has reduced knee pain in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of this simple, low-cost intervention for pain in patients with medial knee OA.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a double-blind, randomized, crossover trial designed to detect a small effect of treatment. Participants were at least 50 years of age and had medial joint space narrowing on posteroanterior semiflexed radiographs and scores indicating moderate pain for 2 of the 5 items on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain scale. Participants were randomized to receive a 5 degrees lateral-wedge insole or a neutral insole for 6 weeks. Following a 4-week washout period, participants crossed over to the other treatment for 6 weeks. Knee pain, the primary outcome, was assessed by the WOMAC pain scale (visual analog scale version). Secondary outcomes included the WOMAC disability subscale, overall knee pain, 50-feet walk time, chair-stand time, and use of medications for knee pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety patients were randomized. The mean difference in pain between the 2 treatments was 13.8 points on the WOMAC pain scale (95% confidence interval -3.9, 31.4 [P=0.13]). We observed similar small effects for the secondary outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effect of treatment with a lateral-wedge insole for knee OA was neither statistically significant nor clinically important.
authors: Veterans Affairs Boston Health Care System, Boston University Medical School, Massachusetts 02118, USA. krbaker@bu.edu
authors: Kristin
authors: K
authors: Baker
authors: Joyce
authors: J
authors: Goggins
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Xie
authors: Karen
authors: K
authors: Szumowski
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: LaValley
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Hunter
authors: David T
authors: DT
authors: Felson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017760:Bone Malalignment / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009989:Orthotic Devices / Q000191:economics; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012775:Shoes; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016138:Walking