title: Evaluation of metals in a defined medium for Pichia pastoris expressing recombinant beta-galactosidase.
abstract: Culture growth and recombinant protein yield of the Pichia pastoris GS115 methanol utilization positive system were studied in response to the types and levels of metals present in the growth medium and the supplemental salts typically used for these fermentations. Magnesium and zinc were both required to support cell growth but at significantly reduced levels compared to the control. However, supplementation with calcium, cobalt, iron, manganese, iodine, boron, and molybdenum were not required to sustain cell mass. When the medium was reformulated with only zinc and magnesium, the cells grew to 12-15 generations, which are expected for high cell density fed-batch fermentations. Product yields of the recombinant protein beta-galactosidase were significantly influenced by the trace metal concentrations. By using response surface and full factorial designs, maximum protein yield occurred when the concentration of zinc salt was limited to the level necessary only to support cell mass while protein yield positively correlated to increasing levels of the remaining trace metal salts. These studies are the first to show that excess trace metals must be optimized when developing P. pastoris based fed-batch fermentations.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Beadle Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0666, USA.
authors.forename: Bradley A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Plantz
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nickerson
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Kachman
authors.forename: Vicki L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Schlegel
mesh_terms: D001895:Boron / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D003035:Cobalt / Q000494:pharmacology; D003470:Culture Media / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005285:Fermentation / Q000187:drug effects; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D007455:Iodine / Q000494:pharmacology; D007501:Iron / Q000494:pharmacology; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology; D008345:Manganese / Q000494:pharmacology; D008670:Metals / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000432:Methanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008954:Models, Biological; D008982:Molybdenum / Q000494:pharmacology; D010843:Pichia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015032:Zinc / Q000494:pharmacology; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D008670:Metals; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D003035:Cobalt; D008345:Manganese; D008982:Molybdenum; D007455:Iodine; D007501:Iron; D001616:beta-Galactosidase; D008274:Magnesium; D005947:Glucose; D015032:Zinc; D001895:Boron; D002118:Calcium; D000432:Methanol