title: Anatomical and visual outcomes of idiopathic macular hole surgery with internal limiting membrane removal using low-concentration indocyanine green.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the anatomical, visual, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) results of using a brief application of a low concentration of indocyanine green (ICG) to assist the removal of internal limiting membrane (ILM) during idiopathic macular hole repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, interventional, noncomparative case series of 59 eyes of 57 patients with stage 2, 3, or 4 idiopathic macular holes who underwent pars plana vitrectomy with removal of ILM assisted by a brief (<30 seconds) intravitreal application of 0.125% (1.25 mg/mL) ICG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median follow-up period was 13 months (range, 2-40 months). Anatomical closure of the macular hole was achieved in 58 eyes (98%) with a single surgery. Visual acuity improved from a preoperative mean of 20/100 to 20/60 postoperatively (P < 0.0001). Twenty-nine eyes (49%) had postoperative visual acuity of 20/50 or better. Visual acuity improved by > or =2 lines in 43 eyes (73%) and between 0 and 2 lines in 13 eyes (22%) and decreased in 3 eyes (5%). Postoperative OCT showed closure of macular hole with normal foveal depression in 49 (89%) of 55 eyes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A brief application of ICG at a low concentration appears to provide a safe and effective way of assisting ILM peeling during idiopathic macular hole surgery.
authors.affiliation: Associated Retinal Consultants, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan 48073, USA. mikemlai@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019773:Epiretinal Membrane / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*; D014821:Vitrectomy
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green