title: Predictive value of local and core laboratory echocardiographic assessment of cardiac function in patients with chronic stable angina: The ACTION study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the relationship between echocardiographic cardiac function and outcome in patients with stable symptomatic angina.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline echo left ventricular ejection fraction and volume data measured in a central laboratory was available for 7016 patients (92% of the total) participating in the ACTION trial (A Coronary disease Trial Investigating Outcome with Nifedipine GITS). Ejection fraction was also measured by investigators. Evaluation of the different echocardiographic variables was based on adjusted hazard ratios comparing the unfavourable limit of the 90% range of the variable concerned to the favourable limit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The centrally measured ejection fraction was the most powerful predictor of all-cause death (adjusted hazard ratio=2.5), myocardial infarction, any stroke or transient ischaemic attack and overt heart failure (adjusted hazard ratio=4.5). The addition of either end systolic volume or end diastolic volume to ejection fraction did not materially affect the power of prediction. Compared to the central ejection fraction measurement, the investigator-measured ejection fraction was a less powerful predictor for all outcomes considered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Routine echocardiography carefully analysed by standardised methods provides useful prognostic information in patients with stable angina, including for total mortality.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. a.dart@alfred.org.au
authors.forename: Anthony M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Dart
authors.forename: Jan Erik
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Otterstad
authors.forename: Bridget-Anne
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Kirwan
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Brouwer
authors.forename: Philip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Poole-Wilson
authors.forename: Jacobus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lubsen
mesh_terms: D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015415:Biomarkers; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011379:Prognosis; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D009543:Nifedipine