title: Sulfidogenic fluidized-bed treatment of metal-containing wastewater at 8 and 65 degrees C temperatures is limited by acetate oxidation.
abstract: Acetate utilization in sulfidogenic fluidized-bed reactors (FBRs) was investigated for the treatment of iron containing wastewater at low (8 degrees C) and high (65 degrees C) temperatures. The FBRs operated at low and high temperatures were inoculated with cultures of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) originally enriched from arctic and hot mining environments, respectively. Acetate was not utilized as a carbon and electron source for SRB at 8 degrees C. With ethanol, hydrogen sulfide was produced from ethanol to acetate oxidation, which precipitated the iron. Then, several attempts were made to obtain acetate oxidation at 8 degrees C. Inoculation of two different low temperature enrichments and operating the FBR for a long period of time (321 days) did not result in enrichment of acetate oxidizing SRB. Due to the absence of acetate oxidation at 8 degrees C, external alkalinity addition was required to keep the pH neutral. At 65 degrees C, average acetate and sulfate removals were 52+/-12% and 24+/-8% at 670 mg/Ld acetate and 1500 mg/Ld sulfate loadings, respectively. The produced alkalinity from acetate oxidation increased the pH from 6.4 to around 7.5 and electron flow to sulfate reduction averaged 65%. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of 16S rRNA genes showed quite stable SRB community at 8 degrees C, whereas, at 65 degrees C SRB community was dynamic. In the FBRs, Desulfomicrobium apsheronum and Desulfosporosinus sp. at 8 degrees C and Desulfotomaculum sp. at 65 degrees C were detected.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland. erkan.sahinkaya@tut.fi
authors.forename: Erkan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sahinkaya
authors.forename: Bestamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ozkaya
authors.forename: Anna H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Kaksonen
authors.forename: Jaakko A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Puhakka
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000378:metabolism*; D019149:Bioreactors; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D013431:Sulfates / Q000378:metabolism; D016999:Sulfur-Reducing Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D013431:Sulfates; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D000431:Ethanol; D007501:Iron