title: Copeptin, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin as prognostic biomarkers in acute exacerbation of COPD.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A novel approach to estimate the severity of COPD exacerbation and predict its outcome is the use of biomarkers. We assessed circulating levels of copeptin, the precursor of vasopressin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin as potential prognostic parameters for in-hospital and long-term outcomes in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) requiring hospitalization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data of 167 patients (mean age, 70 years; mean FEV(1), 39.9 +/- 16.9 of predicted [+/- SD]) presenting to the emergency department due to AECOPD were analyzed. Patients were evaluated based on clinical, laboratory, and lung function parameters on hospital admission, at 14 days, and at 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma levels of all three biomarkers were elevated during the acute exacerbation (p < 0.001), but levels at 14 days and 6 months were similar (p = not significant). CRP was significantly higher in patients presenting with Anthonisen type I exacerbation (p = 0.003). In contrast to CRP and procalcitonin, copeptin on hospital admission was associated with a prolonged hospital stay (p = 0.002) and long-term clinical failure (p < 0.0001). Only copeptin was predictive for long-term clinical failure independent of age, comorbidity, hypoxemia, and lung functional impairment in multivariate analysis (p = 0.005). The combination of copeptin and previous hospitalization for COPD increased the risk of poor outcome (p < 0.0001). Long-term clinical failure was observed in 11% of cases with copeptin < 40 pmol/L and no history of hospitalization, as compared to 73% of patients with copeptin >/= 40 pmol/L and a history of hospitalization (p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggest copeptin as a prognostic marker for short-term and long-term prognoses in patients with AECOPD requiring hospitalization.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Pneumology and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland. dstolz@uhbs.ch
authors.forename: Daiana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stolz
authors.forename: Mirjam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Christ-Crain
authors.forename: Nils G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Morgenthaler
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leuppi
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Miedinger
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bingisser
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Struck
authors.forename: Beat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tamm
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000097:blood*; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006020:Glycopeptides / Q000097:blood*; D006023:Glycoproteins; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000097:blood*; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C000606589:CALCA protein, human; D006020:Glycopeptides; D006023:Glycoproteins; D011498:Protein Precursors; C048197:copeptins; D002116:Calcitonin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide