title: Asian herbal-tobacco cigarettes: "not medicine but less harmful"?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the development and health claims of Asian herbal-tobacco cigarettes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of international news sources, company websites, and the transnational tobacco companies' (TTC) documents. PubMed searches of herbs and brands.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three brands were identified, mainly from China. Many products claimed to relieve respiratory symptoms and reduce toxins, with four herb-only products advertised for smoking cessation. No literature was found to verify the health claims, except one Korean trial of an herb-only product. Asian herbal-tobacco cigarettes were initially produced by China by the 1970s and introduced to Japan in the 1980s. Despite initial news about research demonstrating a safer cigarette, the TTC analyses of these cigarettes suggest that these early products were not palatable and had potentially toxic cardiovascular effects. By the late 1990s, China began producing more herbal-tobacco cigarettes in a renewed effort to reduce harmful constituents in cigarettes. After 2000, tobacco companies from Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand began producing similar products. Tobacco control groups in Japan, Taiwan, and Thailand voiced concern over the health claims of herbal-tobacco products. In 2005, China designated two herbal-tobacco brands as key for development.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Asian herbal-tobacco cigarettes claim to reduce harm, but no published literature is available to verify these claims or investigate unidentified toxicities. The increase in Asian herbal-tobacco cigarette production by 2000 coincides with the Asian tobacco companies' regular scientific meetings with TTCs and their interest in harm reduction. Asia faces additional challenges in tobacco control with these culturally concordant products that may discourage smokers from quitting.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Aiyin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Stanton
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Glantz
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tong
mesh_terms: D001208:Asia; D002681:China; D040261:Harm Reduction; D006801:Humans; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D019460:Tobacco Industry