title: Prostate cancer screening strategies with re-screening interval determined by individual baseline prostate-specific antigen values are cost-effective.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether prostate cancer screening strategies with re-screening interval determined by individual baseline prostate-specific antigen values are cost-effective.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on the results of an actual contemporary screening program, we established Markov decision analytic models of prostate cancer screening with personalized re-screening interval strategies using cutoff baseline PSA levels for biennial screening as well as a model of uniformly annual or biennial screening. These strategies were compared in terms of cumulative incidence of early cancer and cost-effectiveness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Early cancer detection rates were similar among all strategies. Personalized strategies were more cost-effective compared to uniform screening strategies. If all participants with negative PSA results uniformly omit annual screening, it would be more costly but less effective (dominated). Contrary, annual screening for all participants would cost too much. These results were robust throughout sensitivity analysis incorporating every assumption in the models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study adds important evidence that personalized rescreening strategies based on individual baseline PSA have advantages of cost-effectiveness against conventional uniform strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hamamatsu Rosai Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan. selecao@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mitsumori
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D003663:Decision Trees; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008390:Markov Chains; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000191:economics; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen