title: Effect of exercise on blood oxidant/antioxidant markers in standardbred horses: comparison between treadmill and race track tests.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interest in establishing oxidant/ antioxidant profiles in competition horses is increasing. Earlier studies performed in horses have mainly been performed under laboratory conditions using a treadmill and it is not known to what extent laboratory results of oxidant/antioxidant studies might be transposed to field conditions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the impact on the blood oxidant/ antioxidant status of a standardised exercise test including a run up to fatigue performed on a treadmill (TM) and on a racetrack (RT) in healthy and trained Standardbred horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  During TM and RT tests the following blood antioxidant markers were analysed in jugular venous blood at rest and 15 mins (E15) after an intense bout of exercise: uric acid (UA), ascorbic acid (AA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (reduced: GSH and oxidised: GSSG), glutathione redox ratio (GRR) and protein thiol (PSH). Running time to fatigue (RTF), velocity during the last exercise stage (Vmax), final heart rate (HRfinal) and venous lactic acid (LA) were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vmax was significantly (P<0.05) higher during the RT, whereas LA was significantly lower. HRfinal and RTF did not differ significantly between TM and RT. Exercise induced a significant increase (R vs. E15) of UA and AA in both tests, whereas GSH and PSH decreased significantly. GPx, SOD, GSSG and GRR remained unchanged. Differences between TM and RT were significant at E15 for UA, AA and PSH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Comparison of oxidant/antioxidant profiles from laboratory and field studies are difficult to standardise and should be interpreted with caution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the same RTF and final HR, the TM induced stronger changes in blood lactate and in blood oxidant/antioxidant balance than did RT.
authors.affiliation: Department for Functional Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine B42, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: de Moffarts
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kirschvink
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Art
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pincemail
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lekeux
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006736:Horses / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000379:methods* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D007773:Lactates