title: AMP does not induce torpor.
abstract: Torpor, a state characterized by a well-orchestrated reduction of metabolic rate and body temperature (T(b)), is employed for energetic savings by organisms throughout the animal kingdom. The nucleotide AMP has recently been purported to be a primary regulator of torpor in mice, as circulating AMP is elevated in the fasted state, and administration of AMP causes severe hypothermia. However, we have found that the characteristics and parameters of the hypothermia induced by AMP were dissimilar to those of fasting-induced torpor bouts in mice. Although administration of AMP induced hypothermia (minimum T(b) = 25.2 +/- 0.6 degrees C) similar to the depth of fasting-induced torpor (24.9 +/- 1.5 degrees C), ADP and ATP were equally effective in lowering T(b) (minimum T(b): 24.8 +/- 0.9 degrees C and 24.0 +/- 0.5 degrees C, respectively). The maximum rate of T(b) fall into hypothermia was significantly faster with injection of adenine nucleotides (AMP: -0.24 +/- 0.03; ADP: -0.24 +/- 0.02; ATP: -0.25 +/- 0.03 degrees C/min) than during fasting-induced torpor (-0.13 +/- 0.02 degrees C/min). Heart rate decreased from 755 +/- 15 to 268 +/- 17 beats per minute (bpm) within 1 min of AMP administration, unlike that observed during torpor (from 646 +/- 21 to 294 +/- 19 bpm over 35 min). Finally, the hypothermic effect of AMP was blunted with preadministration of an adenosine receptor blocker, suggesting that AMP action on T(b) is mediated via the adenosine receptor. These data suggest that injection of adenine nucleotides into mice induces a reversible hypothermic state that is unrelated to fasting-induced torpor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267, USA. sswoap@williams.edu
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Swoap
authors.forename: Meaghan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rathvon
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gutilla
mesh_terms: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000241:Adenosine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000628:Aminophylline / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006605:Hibernation / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D013686:Telemetry
chemical_list: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D000628:Aminophylline; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000241:Adenosine