title: Medical entrepreneurism: the current opportunity in America.
abstract: This article discusses both the current climate for entrepreneurial activity in the fields of biotechnology, health care services, and medical devices as well as key ideas in the process of successful innovation. Basic issues related to the nature of new medical ventures and its importance in the U.S. economy are discussed. A stepwise overview of the process of innovation is provided, starting from the initial idea, through the early and middle stages of growth, and on to an initial public offering or other alternative harvest strategy. The roles of financing sources in generating health care entrepreneurial activity are explored, and the advantages and disadvantages of each are discussed. The article focuses on venture capital investment because of its pivotal role in high-profile successes; however, alternative forms of financing are also covered as appropriate to each stage. In addition, critical nonfinancial issues that affect the success of new enterprises, such as intellectual property protection and the creation of management teams for young companies, are also covered. The magnitude of current investment in the domestic biomedical field is addressed, and future prospects for American medical innovation are briefly discussed.
authors.affiliation: Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Marketing, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania 19096, USA. lexa@wharton.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Frank James
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Lexa
mesh_terms: D001709:Biotechnology / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D002202:Capital Financing; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D016520:Entrepreneurship / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D004864:Equipment and Supplies; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D018973:Intellectual Property; D014481:United States