title: [Air pollutant exposure during pregnancy and fetal and early childhood development. Research protocol of the INMA (Childhood and Environment Project)].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The INMA (INfancia y Medio Ambiente [Spanish for Environment and Childhood]) project is a cooperative research network. This project aims to study the effects of environment and diet on fetal and early childhood development. This article aims to present the air pollutant exposure protocol during pregnancy and fetal and early childhood development of the INMA project.
  
  
  METHODS
  The information to assess air pollutant exposure during pregnancy is based on outdoor measurement of air pollutants (nitrogen dioxide [NO2], volatile organic compounds [VOC], ozone, particulate matter [PM10, PM2,5 ] and of their composition [polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons]); measurement of indoor and personal exposure (VOC and NO2); urinary measurement of a biological marker of hydrocarbon exposure (1-hydroxypyrene); and data gathered by questionnaires and geographic information systems. These data allow individual air pollutant exposure indexes to be developed, which can then be used to analyze the possible effects of exposure on fetal development and child health.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This protocol and the type of study allow an approximation to individual air pollutant exposure to be obtained. Finally, the large number of participants (N = 4,000), as well as their geographic and social diversity, increases the study's potential.
authors.affiliation: Escola Valenciana d'Estudis en Salut (EVES), Valencia, España. Hospital Universitari La Fe, Valencia, España.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esplugues
authors.forename: Rosalía
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fernández-Patier
authors.forename: Inma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aguilera
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iñíguez
authors.forename: Saúl
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: García Dos Santos
authors.forename: Amelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aguirre Alfaro
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lacasaña
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Estarlich
authors.forename: Joan O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Grimalt
authors.forename: Marieta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rebagliato
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sala
authors.forename: Adonina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tardón
authors.forename: Maties
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torrent
authors.forename: María Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: Núria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ribas-Fitó
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sunyer
authors.forename: Ferran
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ballester
mesh_terms: D000397:Air Pollution / Q000032:analysis*; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011247:Pregnancy