title: Structural and functional basis of amino acid specificity in the invertebrate cotransporter KAAT1.
abstract: The substrate specificity of KAAT1, a Na+- and K+-dependent neutral amino acid cotransporter cloned from the larva of the invertebrate Manduca sexta and belonging to the SLC6A gene family has been investigated using electrophysiological and radiotracer methods. The specificity of KAAT1 was compared to that of CAATCH1, a strictly related transporter with different amino acid selectivity. Competition experiments between different substrates indicate that both transporters bind leucine more strongly than threonine and proline, the difference between KAAT1 and CAATCH1 residing in the incapacity of the latter to complete the transport cycle in presence of leucine. The behaviour of CAATCH1 is mimicked by the S308T mutant form of KAAT1, constructed on the basis of the atomic structure of a leucine-transporting bacterial member of the family, which indicates the participation of this residue in the leucine-binding site. The reverse mutation T308S in CAATCH1 conferred to this transporter the ability to transport leucine in presence of K+. These results may be interpreted by a kinetic scheme in which, in presence of Na+, the leucine-bound state of the transporter is relatively stable, while in presence of K+ and at negative potentials the progression of the leucine-bound form along the cycle is favoured. In this context serine 308 appears to be important in allowing the change to the inward-facing conformation of the transporter following substrate binding, rather than in determining the binding specificity.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: Andreea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miszner
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peres
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castagna
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bettè
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giovannardi
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cherubino
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bossi
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D026921:Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D007930:Leucine / Q000378:metabolism; D018402:Manduca; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009865:Oocytes; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D011392:Proline / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D013912:Threonine / Q000378:metabolism; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D026921:Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; D000596:Amino Acids; C413023:CAATCH1 protein, insect; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D019476:Insect Proteins; C112249:KAAT1 protein, insect; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D013912:Threonine; D011392:Proline; D012964:Sodium; D007930:Leucine; D011188:Potassium