title: There is no 'truth' outside a context: implications for the teaching of analytical psychology in the 21st century.
abstract: Humans are from birth embedded in a historical and contemporary context of meanings. This always constrains their theoretical and practical activities. In this paper, I will be suggesting that there are no guiding 'truths' outside such contexts. In order to understand the foundations of any concept or new idea, it is important to comprehend the context in which it is embedded. Candidates and some of their teachers have very little knowledge of the intellectual context in which Jung or any other analytic theorist wrote. As a result, the analytic 'founders' are often believed to have discovered 'truths' transcending the context of history and of everyday life. They were, however, as much creative synthesizers as pure originators. I propose that the components of all analytic theories emerge from their embeddedness. I contend, therefore, that the understandings of these components such as psychic causality, epistemology and identity formation were quite differently conceived at the time the analytic founders were working than they are today. I will give examples to show how the acceptance of this attitude is useful in inculcating a discerning approach in candidates towards traditionally accepted analytic theories and practices. This can provide them with a method to promote their individual creative development.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horne
mesh_terms: D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D011572:Psychoanalysis / Q000193:education*; D011575:Psychoanalytic Therapy / Q000193:education*; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*