Cell cycle dependent nucleolar localization of the coronavirus nucleocapsid protein.
The nucleolus is a dynamic sub-nuclear structure which is involved in ribosome subunit biogenesis, modulation of cell growth and response to cell stress. The nucleolar proteome varies particularly with regard to the cell cycle. Viral proteins can localise to the nucleolus and using the coronavirus nucleocapsid (N) protein as a model, the cell cycle dependent trafficking of viral proteins to the nucleolus was investigated. Cell synchronisation studies coupled to live cell confocal microscopy indicated that nucleolar localisation of N protein was greater in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle than at other stages. This result was reinforced when FRAP and FLIP analysis indicated that N protein was more mobile within the nucleoplasm and nucleolus in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. The data suggested that viral nucleolar proteins can also localise to the nucleolus in a cell cycle dependent manner and this may be related to dynamic trafficking.
Cawood
Ryan
R
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, UK.
Harrison
Sally M
SM
Dove
Brian K
BK
Reed
Mark L
ML
Hiscox
Julian A
JA
D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002451:Cell Compartmentation / Q000502:physiology; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000235:genetics*; D002466:Cell Nucleolus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D017934:Coronavirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000086462:Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins; D036681:Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching; D016195:G2 Phase / Q000502:physiology; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000502:physiology; D014709:Vero Cells
D000086462:Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins; D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins