title: A mutant of the Arabidopsis phosphate transporter PHT1;1 displays enhanced arsenic accumulation.
abstract: The exceptional toxicity of arsenate [As(V)] is derived from its close chemical similarity to phosphate (Pi), which allows the metalloid to be easily incorporated into plant cells through the high-affinity Pi transport system. In this study, we identified an As(V)-tolerant mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana named pht1;1-3, which harbors a semidominant allele coding for the high-affinity Pi transporter PHT1;1. pht1;1-3 displays a slow rate of As(V) uptake that ultimately enables the mutant to accumulate double the arsenic found in wild-type plants. Overexpression of the mutant protein in wild-type plants provokes phenotypic effects similar to pht1;1-3 with regard to As(V) uptake and accumulation. In addition, gene expression analysis of wild-type and mutant plants revealed that, in Arabidopsis, As(V) represses the activation of genes specifically involved in Pi uptake, while inducing others transcriptionally regulated by As(V), suggesting that converse signaling pathways are involved in plant responses to As(V) and low Pi availability. Furthermore, the repression effect of As(V) on Pi starvation responses may reflect a regulatory mechanism to protect plants from the extreme toxicity of arsenic.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Catarecha
authors.forename: Maria Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Segura
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Franco-Zorrilla
authors.forename: Berenice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: García-Ponce
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lanza
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Solano
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paz-Ares
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leyva
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001151:Arsenic / Q000378:metabolism*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D018716:Molecular Mimicry; D020125:Mutation, Missense / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D028061:Phosphate Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000172:deficiency; D015003:Yeasts / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; C520845:PHT1;1 protein, Arabidopsis; D028061:Phosphate Transport Proteins; D010710:Phosphates; D001151:Arsenic