title: Improving transcriptional termination of self-inactivating gamma-retroviral and lentiviral vectors.
abstract: Adverse events relating to insertional mutagenesis have reinforced the interest in self-inactivating (SIN) gamma-retroviral and lentiviral vectors without enhancer-promoter sequences in the U3 region of the long terminal repeats. However, SIN vectors suffer from leaky transcriptional termination, increasing the probability of read-through into cellular genes. To improve 3' end processing, we incorporated seven upstream polyadenylation enhancer elements (or upstream sequence elements, USEs) derived from viral or cellular genes into the 3' U3 region of gamma-retroviral and lentiviral SIN vectors. A 100-base-pair sequence representing a recombinant direct repeat of the USE derived from simian virus 40 (2xSV USE) gave the best results, improving both titer and gene expression. In both gamma-retroviral and lentiviral SIN vectors, the 2xSV USE partially substituted for effects provided by the much larger post-transcriptional regulatory element derived from woodchuck hepatitis virus (wPRE). By northern blot and reporter assays, we found that the 2xSV USE greatly improved proper messenger RNA (mRNA) processing at the retroviral termination signal. Importantly, the 2xSV USE was superior to the wPRE in suppressing transcriptional read-through, improving not only vector efficiency but potentially also biosafety.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schambach
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galla
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maetzig
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Loew
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D016086:Lentivirus / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D026723:Polyadenylation / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D013539:Simian virus 40 / Q000235:genetics; D020079:Terminal Repeat Sequences / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D038301:Virus Inactivation; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger