title: Clinical and anatomical study of cervicopectoral superthin flaps.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The authors have used cervicopectoral superthin flaps to reconstruct face, chin, and neck scar contractures. In the authors' clinical experience, three types of flaps could be harvested: (1) cutaneous pedicled flaps, (2) musculocutaneous pedicled flaps, and (3) muscle pedicled flaps. In the present study, the authors discuss the clinical usefulness of these flaps. Moreover, through their anatomical study using cadavers, the authors attempted to clarify the mechanism of blood flow into these flaps.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors retrospectively analyzed seven clinical cases. In their anatomical study, the authors performed selective angiograms of the vessels related to 30 cervicopectoral flaps from 15 preserved cadavers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinically, six of seven flaps survived completely, and contractures were released. Three types of perforators were identified, and their networks were observed in the anatomical study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Various types of cervicopectoral superthin flaps can be harvested for the reconstruction of contoured sensitive areas. If a much larger than average flap is designed, the pectoral intercostal artery can be attached to the flap for microvascular augmentation.
authors.affiliation: Tokyo, Japan; and Thanh-Tri, Hanoi, Vietnam From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nippon Medical School Hospital; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vietnam National Institute of Burns; and Department of Anatomy, Nippon Medical School.
authors.forename: Vu Quang
authors.initials: VQ
authors.lastname: Vinh
authors.forename: Rei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Itaru
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Iwakiri
authors.forename: Hiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hyakusoku
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanuma
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D003286:Contracture / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009333:Neck; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013524:Surgical Flaps