title: Mutation screening using fluorescence multiplex denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (FMD): detecting mutations in the BRCA1 gene.
abstract: Fluorescent multiplex denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (FMD) is a mutation screening technique designed to detect unknown as well as previously identified mutations. FMD constitutes a recent modification of the standard denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) technique, which combines multiplex PCR amplification of target DNA using fluorescently labeled primers with DGGE separation of the amplicon mixture, allowing immediate identification of sequence variants by wet gel scanning. FMD permits the simultaneous detection of small insertions, deletions and single nucleotide substitutions among multiple DNA fragments (up to 480 fragments) from 96 samples in parallel for each run. It increases output and reduces cost dramatically compared with classical DGGE, without sacrificing sensitivity and accuracy in detecting mutations. This protocol details an accurate, fast, nonradioactive and cost-effective way to screen the BRCA1 gene for mutations with high sensitivity, providing easily interpreted results. It may also be adapted to screen other target genes and/or used in large-scale epidemiological studies.
authors.affiliation: The Centre for Research in Women's Health, University of Toronto, 790 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G IN8, Canada.
authors.forename: Shiyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Graciela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kuperstein
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Narod
mesh_terms: D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D017931:DNA Primers; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D019398:Genes, BRCA1; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes