title: [Enzyme optimization, mutagenesis and directed evolution].
abstract: Among the different areas of biotechnology, enzyme engineering represents a growing field where major progress has been recently made. Indeed, chemical, pharmaceutical or food industries have increased needs for enzymes. This increase requires enzyme optimization in order to achieve, together or separately, greater operational stability, better specificity, increased solubility or preferential enantioselectivity. Directed and random mutagenesis, the classical methods of enzymatic engineering, have proved to be efficient in some cases, but are quite tricky. Directed evolution is a hybrid method recently developed in order to reproduce the random mechanisms of evolution in vitro. This method has now been used to optimise an increasing number of enzymes. In our research group, a directed evolution project has been initiated on a bacterial phosphotriesterase, a promising enzyme, capable of efficiently detoxifying organophosphorus nerve agents.
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherches du service de santé des armées, Département de toxicologie, Unité d'enzymologie, BP 87, F 38702 La Tronche Cedex. tpoyot@crssa.net
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Poyot
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nachon
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rochu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fournier
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Masson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019020:Directed Molecular Evolution; D004798:Enzymes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D016296:Mutagenesis; D044345:Phosphoric Triester Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D044345:Phosphoric Triester Hydrolases