title: Does medial tenderness predict deep deltoid ligament incompetence in supination-external rotation type ankle fractures?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify whether medial tenderness is a predictor of deep deltoid ligament incompetence in supination-external rotation ankle fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  All Weber B lateral malleolar fractures with normal medial clear space over a 9 month period were prospectively included in the study. Fracture patterns not consistent with a supination-external rotation mechanism were excluded.
  
  
  METHODS
  High-volume tertiary care referral center and Level I trauma center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-five skeletally mature patients with a Weber B lateral malleolar fracture and normal medial clear space presenting to our institution were included.
  
  
  METHODS
  All study patients had ankle anteroposterior, lateral, and mortise radiographs. Each patient was seen and evaluated by an orthopedic specialist and the mechanism of injury was recorded. Each patient was assessed for tenderness to palpation in the region of the deltoid ligament and then had an external rotation stress mortise radiograph.
  
  
  METHODS
  Correlating medial tenderness with deep deltoid competence as measured by stress radiographs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen patients (23.6%) were tender medially and had a positive external rotation stress radiograph. Thirteen patients (23.6%) were tender medially and had a negative external rotation stress radiograph. Nineteen patients (34.5%) were nontender medially and had a negative external rotation stress radiograph. Ten patients (18.2%) were nontender medially and had a positive external rotation stress radiograph. We calculated a chi statistic of 2.37 as well as the associated P value of 0.12. Medial tenderness as a measure of deep deltoid ligament incompetence had a sensitivity of 57%, a specificity of 59%, a positive predictive value of 50%, a negative predictive value of 66%, and an accuracy of 42%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no statistical significance between the presence of medial tenderness and deep deltoid ligament incompetence. There is a 25% chance of the fracture in question with medial tenderness having a positive external rotation stress and a 25% chance the fracture with no medial tenderness having a positive stress test. Medial tenderness in a Weber B lateral ankle fracture with a normal clear space on standard plain radiographs does not ensure the presence of a positive external rotation stress test.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery-Sports Medicine, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Nicola A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: DeAngelis
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Eskander
authors.forename: Bruce G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: French
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000293:injuries* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011859:Radiography; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D013484:Supination / Q000502:physiology*; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices