title: Genotypic resistance mutations to antiretroviral drugs in treatment-naive HIV/AIDS patients living in Liaoning Province, China: baseline prevalence and subtype-specific difference.
abstract: To examine the prevalence of drug resistance mutations among treatment-naive HIV/AIDS patients living in Liaoning province in China, the HIV-1 pol gene from plasma of 91 seropositive treatment-naive patients was amplified and sequenced. Three patients (3.3%) had an M46I amino acid substitution in the protease (PR) gene that decreased susceptibility to IDV, RTV, and NFV and one patient (1.1%) had an M184I amino acid substitution in the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene that confers high-level resistance to 3TC and FTC. Minor mutations were detected in high frequency in the PR gene. The frequencies of minor mutations to protease inhibitors (PI) were I93L (71.4%), L63P (62.6%), V77I (62.6%), M36I/V (33.0%), A71T/V (22.0%), K20R (6.6%), G16E (6.6%), and L10I (5.5%). The relatedness between subtypes and the frequencies of amino acid substitutions in PR were observed; 63P, 77I, and 71V/T were found in HIV-1 subtype B'/B, 16E, 36I, 20R/I, and 82I in non-B, except for CRF07_BC, 10I in subtype A, and 93L in non-A. Although the primary resistance of HIV-1 to antiretroviral drugs is low among the treatment-naive HIV-1 patients living in Liaoning province, the surveillance and monitoring of drug-resistant HIV-1 should be implemented regularly because of the increased access to antiretroviral therapy in China.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Immunology of AIDS, Ministry of Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China 110001.
authors.forename: Xiaoxu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Yanan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zining
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wenqing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.forename: Yongjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takebe
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D024921:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016333:HIV Protease / Q000235:genetics*; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000235:genetics*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017354:Point Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D015995:Prevalence; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D016333:HIV Protease