title: Cytochrome P450 polymorphism as a predictor of ovarian toxicity to pulse cyclophosphamide in systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ovarian toxicity is a major concern with cyclophosphamide (CYC) therapy. CYC is a prodrug that is activated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to its active metabolites that are responsible for ovarian toxicity. The amount of active metabolites produced depends on polymorphism in CYP 450 genes. We studied the association of CYP2C19 and CYP2B6 genetic polymorphism with ovarian toxicity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treated with CYC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five patients with SLE who had exposure to CYC were genotyped for variant alleles of CYP2B6 and CYP2C19. Ovarian toxicity included ovarian insufficiency, defined as lack of menses for 4 months, and ovarian failure (premature menopause) as amenorrhea lasting > 12 months before the age of 45 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age at start of CYC was 24.5 + 8.5 years and the cumulative dose of CYC received was 9.3 +/- 2.8 g. At the time of study the median followup after CYC treatment was 3 (1-6) years. A total of 17 patients developed ovarian toxicity, of whom 11 patients had ovarian insufficiency and 6 had premature menopause. The frequencies of variant alleles CYP2B6*5 and CYP2C19*2 were 8.5% and 21%, respectively. Patients who were homozygous or heterozygous for variant allele CYP2C19*2 had a significantly lower risk of developing ovarian toxicity when compared to patients with wild-type allele CYP2C19*1 (3/13 vs 14/22; OR 0.136, 95% CI 0.028-0.653; p < 0.01). No association was seen with CYP2B6 polymorphism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Presence of the variant allele CYP2C19*2 is associated with lower risk of ovarian toxicity in Indian patients treated with CYC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Gurmeet
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Nandita
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: Amita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.forename: Ramnath
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Misra
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics*; D015415:Biomarkers; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000502:physiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016649:Primary Ovarian Insufficiency / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics; D020551:Pulse Therapy, Drug
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C045793:CYP2C19 protein, human; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19