title: Asthma in American Indian adults: the Strong Heart Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite growing recognition that asthma is an important cause of morbidity among American Indians, there has been no systematic study of this disease in older adults who are likely to be at high risk of complications related to asthma. Characterization of the impact of asthma among American Indian adults is necessary in order to design appropriate clinical and preventive measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of participants in the third examination of the Strong Heart Study, a multicenter, population-based, prospective study of cardiovascular disease in American Indians, completed a standardized respiratory questionnaire, performed spirometry, and underwent allergen skin testing. Participants were > or = 50 years old.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 3,197 participants in the third examination, 6.3% had physician-diagnosed asthma and 4.3% had probable asthma. Women had a higher prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma than men (8.2% vs 3.2%). Of the 435 participants reported in the asthma substudy, morbidity related to asthma was high: among those with physician-diagnosed asthma: 97% reported trouble breathing and 52% had severe persistent disease. The mean FEV(1) in those with physician-diagnosed asthma was 61.3% of predicted, and 67.2% reported a history of emergency department visits and/or hospitalizations in the last year, yet only 3% were receiving regular inhaled corticosteroids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of asthma among older American Indians residing in three separate geographic areas of the United States was similar to rates in other ethnic groups. Asthma was associated with low lung function, significant morbidity and health-care utilization, yet medications for pulmonary disease were underutilized by this population.
authors.affiliation: University of Vermont College of Medicine, 111 Colchester Ave, Burlington, VT 05401, USA. anne.dixon@vtmednet.org
authors.forename: Anne E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.forename: Fawn
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Thomas K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Welty
authors.forename: Everett R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Rhoades
authors.forename: Elisa T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Barbara V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Paul L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Enright
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001130:Arizona / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000208:ethnology*; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009658:North Dakota / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D009825:Oklahoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013023:South Dakota / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology
chemical_list: D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents