title: Indirect cost burden of migraine in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the indirect cost burden associated with migraine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from Thomson-Medstat's Health and Productivity Management (HPM) database for the 2002 through 2003 calendar years. The migraine cohort was composed of patients who had a diagnosis of migraine or migraine-specific abortive prescription medication, or both. A control cohort of patients without migraine was matched to patients in the migraine cohort. The average annual indirect burden of illness (BOI) of migraine and a national indirect BOI were estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Annual indirect expenditures were significantly higher in the migraine group compared with the control group ($4453 vs $1619; P<0.001). The national annual indirect BOI, excluding presenteeism, was estimated to be $12 billion (mostly attributed to absenteeism).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Migraine imparts a substantial indirect cost burden. Projected to a national level, this amounts to an annual cost to US employers of approximately $12 billion.
authors.affiliation: Thomson Medstat, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Marcia F T
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Rupnow
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D019992:Databases as Topic; D004526:Efficiency; D017049:Employer Health Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005102:Health Expenditures / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000191:economics*; D014481:United States