title: Clinical manifestations associated with HTLV type I infection: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: Human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) causes HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis and adult T cell leukemia in a small percentage of infected individuals. HTLV-I infection is increasingly associated with clinical manifestations. To determine the prevalence of clinical manifestations in HTLV-I infected individuals, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 115 HTLV-I-infected blood donors without myelopathy and 115 age- and sex-matched seronegative controls. Subjects answered a standardized questionnaire and underwent physical examination. Compared with controls, HTLV-I-infected subjects were more likely to report arm or leg weakness (OR = 3.8, 95% CI: 1.4-10.2; OR = 4.0, 95% CI: 1.6-9.8, respectively), hand or foot numbness (OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1-3.9; OR = 4.8, 95% CI: 2.0-11.7, respectively), arthralgia (OR = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.7-6.4), nocturia (OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.04-6.8), erectile dysfunction (OR = 4.0, 95% CI: 1.6-9.8), and to have gingivitis (OR = 3.8, 95% CI: 1.8-7.9), periodontitis (OR = 10.0, 95% CI: 2.3-42.8), and dry oral mucosa (OR = 7.5, 95% CI: 1.7-32.8). HTLV-I infection is associated with a variety of clinical manifestations, which may occur in patients who have not developed myelopathy.
authors.affiliation: Division of International Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Marina F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Caskey
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Aurelia F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Porto
authors.forename: Silvana P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Giozza
authors.forename: Andre L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Muniz
authors.forename: Glória O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Orge
authors.forename: Maria J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Travassos
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Barrón
authors.forename: Edgar M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Marshall J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Glesby
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000821:virology; D001782:Blood Donors; D002353:Carrier State / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D015490:HTLV-I Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D006987:Hypesthesia / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000821:virology; D053158:Nocturia / Q000821:virology; D016017:Odds Ratio