title: Influences on parents' fever management: beliefs, experiences and information sources.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify parents' knowledge, beliefs, management and sources of information about fever management.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Despite numerous studies exploring parents' management of childhood fever; negative beliefs about fever and overuse of antipyretics and health services for mild fevers and self-limiting viral illnesses continue to be reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative design using semi-structured interviews and discussions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen metropolitan parents whose children were aged six months to five years, volunteered to participate in individual interviews or group discussions. Recruitment was through Playgroup Queensland's online newsletter and letters from two childcare centres to all parents. Verbatim and audio data were collected by an experienced moderator using a semi-structured interview guide.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two transcripts were independently analysed by two researchers; categories, sub-headings and codes were independently developed, crosschecked and found comparable. Remaining transcripts were analysed using developed categories and codes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fever, determined through behavioural changes, was perceived as 'good', a warning that something was wrong. High fever, reported as 38.0-39.1 degrees C, was considered harmful; it must be prevented or reduced irrespective of concerns about antipyretics. Positive febrile experiences reduced concern about fever. Negative experiences such as febrile convulsions, media reports of harm, not receiving a definitive diagnosis, inaccessibility to regular doctors and receiving conflicting information about fever management increased the concerns. Parents seek information about fever from multiple sources such as doctors, books and other parents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parents' experiences with and information sources about fever and fever management influenced their knowledge, beliefs and practices. Positive experiences reduce concerns, health service usage and sometimes antipyretic usage. Negative experiences increase concerns, monitoring and antipyretic and health service usage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Health professionals need to update their fever management knowledge ensuring that it is based on the latest scientific knowledge. They must provide parents of young children with consistent, reliable information preferably before their first child's first febrile episode.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. am.walsh@qut.edu.au
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fraser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D002654:Child Care / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006266:Health Education; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006701:Home Nursing / Q000193:education / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007255:Information Services; D008297:Male; D024802:Nurse's Role; D015402:Nursing Education Research; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology; D010371:Pediatric Nursing; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011793:Queensland; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic