title: Long-term outcome of stage I seminoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report on long-term outcomes among patients with stage I seminoma treated by orchiectomy with or without adjuvant radiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of medical records of patients treated between 1974 and 2002 was undertaken to identify factors associated with patient outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With a median follow-up of 7.7 years, 80% (4 of 5) of the surveillance group experienced a disease relapse, while only 3% (2 of 70) in the radiation therapy group had disease relapse. This difference in relapse rates was statistically significant, but there was no significant difference in overall survival between the 2 groups. There was a significant relationship between patient age and disease relapse, whereby all of the relapses were seen in patients younger than 36 years at diagnosis (P = 0.03). Of the total 75 patients, 7 (9%) developed second primary tumors. Six of them (6 of 7) were treated with adjuvant radiation, and 1 patient (1 of 7) was on surveillance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, risk of relapse was significantly associated with surveillance and in patients younger than 36 years at diagnosis. These results suggest that surveillance can only be safely adopted for patients who can be followed up closely. We consider adjuvant radiation a very effective choice despite the low risk of associated secondary malignancies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA. gary.yang@roswellpark.org
authors.forename: Gary Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Baoqing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Timothy D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Donohue
authors.forename: Leayn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Flaherty
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kuettel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016208:Databases, Factual; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018239:Seminoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome