title: Possible restorations of the upper extremity motion in tetraplegic patients - 5-year clinical experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the work is to objectify the functional effectiveness of these operations and their influence on the quality of life of handicapped patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors evaluate the results of reconstructive surgery restoring hand grip in a group of 15 tetraplegic patients (3 women and 12 men) with complete spinal cord lesion of C5-C7 segments. The average age of patients in the group is 33 (22-50) years old. The reconstructions were performed using tendon transfer and tenodesis in the forearm and hand area. The effectiveness of the transfer was assessed objectively with regard to muscle strength by measuring the restored "thumb-index finger" grip and "into fist" grip. The range of motion achieved was also evaluated. Transfer effectiveness was evaluated on the basis of subjective patients' evaluation. An ADL (activities of daily living) questionnaire by Mohammed's (1992) took into account the effect of the surgery in a whole range of common daily activities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An extended range of daily activities was evident mainly in the fields of: communication, eating and drinking and operations associated with increase in general selfcare of the patient. There was no deterioration of condition in any of the activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Up to 80 % of tetraplegic patients are suitable candidates for transfers and, to a certain extent, it is possible to improve the upper limb function. In a partial function restoration of the upper limbs there is immense potential for improvement in the quality of life of these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Traumatology, University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic. i.cizmar@seznam.cz
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cizmar
authors.forename: Bohumil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zalesak
authors.forename: Jaroslav
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pilny
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Drac
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fialova
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000601:surgery*; D006225:Hand / Q000601:surgery*; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries; D013709:Tendon Transfer / Q000379:methods