title: The two TORCs and Akt.
abstract: The regulatory circuits that control the activities of the two distinct target of rapamycin (TOR) complexes, TORC1 and TORC2, and of Akt have been a focus of intense research in recent years. It has become increasingly evident that these regulatory circuits control some of the most fundamental aspects of metabolism, cell growth, proliferation, survival, and differentiation at both the cellular and organismal levels. As such, they also play a pivotal role in the genesis of diseases including cancer, diabetes, aging, and degenerative diseases. This review highlights recent developments aimed at deciphering the interplay between Akt and mTORCs as well as their role in embryonic development and in cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, 900 South Ashland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
authors.forename: Prashanth T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Bhaskar
authors.forename: Nissim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D047109:Fetal Development; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008954:Models, Biological; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C500984:CRTC1 protein, human; C493245:CRTC2 protein, human; C519509:Crtc1 protein, mouse; C504923:Crtc2 protein, mouse; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt