title: Car seat test for preterm infants: comparison with polysomnography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To monitor preterm infants in a cot and a car seat and compare an observed car seat trial with polysomnography (PSG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Non-randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Regional neonatal unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preterm infants before discharge.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nap PSG respiratory and sleep variables were measured including gastro-oesophageal pH. Nurse observations included respiratory distress, apnoea measured by apnoea alarm, oxygen saturation and heart rate. Infants were studied supine in a cot and then in a car seat. Nursing observations were compared with PSG during the car seat trial only. Criteria for failure of the PSG and observed tests were predefined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Difference in respiratory instability between cot and car seat. Concurrence regarding failure of the car seat trial between nurse-observed data and PSG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  20 infants (median gestation 33 weeks (range 28-35 weeks; median postmenstrual age (PMA) at study 36.5 weeks (range 35-38 weeks)) were studied. There were sufficient car seat data on 18 infants for comparison. There were fewer central apnoeas and arousals in the cot than the car seat (p = 0.047 and p = 0.024, respectively). Airway obstruction was not more common in the car seat. Younger PMA at time of study predicted failure in both car seat (p = 0.022) and cot (p = 0.022). The nurse-observed test had low sensitivity for predicting PSG failure but more accurately predicted airway obstruction on PSG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immature infants exhibit respiratory instability in cots and car seats. A car seat test does not accurately detect all adverse events during sleep in the seat.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, WSMHS, PO Box 7343, Wellington, New Zealand. dawn.elder@otago.ac.nz
authors.forename: Dawn E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Elder
authors.forename: Letitia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: Deidre
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sheppard
authors.forename: Gordon L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Purdie
authors.forename: Angela J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D004869:Equipment Safety / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D015370:Infant Equipment / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D009730:Nursing Assessment / Q000379:methods; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010351:Patient Discharge; D017286:Polysomnography; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016683:Supine Position
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen