title: Educational variations in the consumption of foods containing fat in Finland and the Baltic countries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine educational differences among people who consume foods containing fat in Finland and the Baltic countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from cross-sectional postal Finbalt Health Monitor surveys that were carried out in 1998, 2000 and 2002.
  
  
  METHODS
  Estonia, Finland, Latvia and Lithuania.
  
  
  METHODS
  For each survey, nationally representative random samples of adults aged 20-64 years were drawn from population registers (Estonia, n = 3656; Finland, n = 9354, Latvia, n = 6015; Lithuania, n = 5944).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Differences were revealed between the countries in the consumption of foods that contain fat. Finnish people consumed butter on bread, high-fat milk, meat and meat products, and vegetable oil for cooking less frequently than people in the Baltic countries. Cheese was most popular in Finland. Educational differences in fat-related food habits were examined by applying logistic regression analysis. A positive association was found between level of education and consumption of vegetable oil used in food preparation. Drinking high-fat milk was associated with low education in all countries. People with higher education tended to consume cheese more often. Educational patterns in the consumption of butter on bread and in the consumption of meat and meat products differed between countries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The consumption of foods containing fat was related to educational levels in all four countries. The diet of better-educated people was closer to recommendations for the consumption of saturated and unsaturated fats than the diet of people with lower level of education. The educational gradient was more consistent in Finland than in the Baltic countries. These existing educational differences in sources of fat consumed should be taken into account in the development of national cardiovascular disease prevention programmes.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biomedical Research, Kaunas University of Medicine, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania. janpet@vector.kmu.lt
authors.forename: Janina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Petkeviciene
authors.forename: Jurate
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klumbiene
authors.forename: Ritva
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prättälä
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Paalanen
authors.forename: Iveta
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pudule
authors.forename: Anu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kasmel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001454:Baltic States; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D052756:Nutritional Sciences / Q000193:education*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats