title: Conifer R2R3-MYB transcription factors: sequence analyses and gene expression in wood-forming tissues of white spruce (Picea glauca).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several members of the R2R3-MYB family of transcription factors act as regulators of lignin and phenylpropanoid metabolism during wood formation in angiosperm and gymnosperm plants. The angiosperm Arabidopsis has over one hundred R2R3-MYBs genes; however, only a few members of this family have been discovered in gymnosperms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We isolated and characterised full-length cDNAs encoding R2R3-MYB genes from the gymnosperms white spruce, Picea glauca (13 sequences), and loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L. (five sequences). Sequence similarities and phylogenetic analyses placed the spruce and pine sequences in diverse subgroups of the large R2R3-MYB family, although several of the sequences clustered closely together. We searched the highly variable C-terminal region of diverse plant MYBs for conserved amino acid sequences and identified 20 motifs in the spruce MYBs, nine of which have not previously been reported and three of which are specific to conifers. The number and length of the introns in spruce MYB genes varied significantly, but their positions were well conserved relative to angiosperm MYB genes. Quantitative RTPCR of MYB genes transcript abundance in root and stem tissues revealed diverse expression patterns; three MYB genes were preferentially expressed in secondary xylem, whereas others were preferentially expressed in phloem or were ubiquitous. The MYB genes expressed in xylem, and three others, were up-regulated in the compression wood of leaning trees within 76 hours of induction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our survey of 18 conifer R2R3-MYB genes clearly showed a gene family structure similar to that of Arabidopsis. Three of the sequences are likely to play a role in lignin metabolism and/or wood formation in gymnosperm trees, including a close homolog of the loblolly pine PtMYB4, shown to regulate lignin biosynthesis in transgenic tobacco.
authors.affiliation: Centre d'étude de la Forêt, Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugène Marchand, Sainte Foy G1K7P4, Québec, Canada. frank.bedon@rsvs.ulaval.ca
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bedon
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grima-Pettenati
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mackay
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D020570:Genes, myb; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D052585:Phloem / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D028222:Picea / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D028223:Pinus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D020539:Sequence Analysis, Protein; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014934:Wood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D052584:Xylem / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors