title: Removal of the laryngeal tube in children: anaesthetized compared with awake.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laryngeal tube (LT) is a useful airway device in children, but there is no objective evidence that removal of LT in awake state is better than in anaesthetized state. So, we compared the incidence of respiratory adverse events after the removal of LT, either under anaesthesia or on awakening.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy healthy children between 1 and 12 yr of age were enrolled in this study. Anaesthesia was induced and maintained with sevoflurane. After induction of anaesthesia, patients were randomized into two groups: removal of LT in anaesthetized state (Group A: 2% sevoflurane) and in awake state (Group B). During and within 1 min of the removal of LT, airway complications such as upper airway obstruction, cough, vomiting, teeth clenching, hypersalivation, desaturation <90%, and laryngospasm were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cough (37.1 vs 2.9%), hypersalivation (28.6 vs 5.7%), desaturation (20 vs 0%), and LT dislocation during emergence relating to the patient's movement (26.5 vs 0%) occurred more frequently in Group B (P < 0.05). Upper airway obstruction occurred more frequently (68.6 vs 31.4%) in Group A, and it was easily resolved by chin or jaw lifting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LT removal in anaesthetized state reduced cough, hypersalivation, and prevented tube displacement and hypoxia. Upper airway obstruction in the anaesthetized state should be predicted and managed with chin or jaw lifting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000379:methods*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D001364:Awareness; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003371:Cough / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D020878:Device Removal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D017214:Laryngeal Masks; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D012798:Sialorrhea / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane