title: The aryl propionic acid R-flurbiprofen selectively induces p75NTR-dependent decreased survival of prostate tumor cells.
abstract: Epidemiologic studies show that patients chronically consuming nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) for arthritis exhibit a reduced incidence of prostate cancer. In addition, some NSAIDs show anticancer activity in vitro. NSAIDs exert their anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) activity; however, evidence suggests that COX-independent mechanisms mediate decreased prostate cancer cell survival. Hence, we examined the effect of selected aryl propionic acid NSAIDs and structurally related compounds on the decreased survival of prostate cancer cell lines PC-3, DU-145, and LNCaP by induction of the p75(NTR) protein. p75(NTR) has been shown to function as a tumor suppressor in the prostate by virtue of its intracellular death domain that can initiate apoptosis and inhibit growth. The most efficacious compounds for induction of p75(NTR) and decreased survival, in rank-order, were R-flurbiprofen, ibuprofen, oxaprozin, fenoprofen, naproxen, and ketoprofen. Because R-flurbiprofen and ibuprofen exhibited the greatest efficacy, we examined their dose-dependent specificity of induction for p75(NTR) relative to other members of the death receptor family. Whereas treatment with R-flurbiprofen or ibuprofen resulted in a massive induction of p75(NTR) protein levels, the expression of Fas, p55(TNFR), DR3, DR4, DR5, and DR6 remained largely unchanged. Moreover, transfection of either cell line before R-flurbiprofen or ibuprofen treatment with a dominant negative form of p75(NTR) to antagonize p75(NTR) activity or p75(NTR) small interfering RNA to prevent p75(NTR) protein expression rescued both cell lines from decreased survival. Hence, R-flurbiprofen and ibuprofen selectively induce p75(NTR)-dependent decreased survival of prostate cancer cells independently of COX inhibition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology and the Vincent T. Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
authors.forename: Emily J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Quann
authors.forename: Fatima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Khwaja
authors.forename: Kenton H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Zavitz
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Djakiew
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005480:Flurbiprofen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D014162:Transfection; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; C484065:NGFR protein, human; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor; D005480:Flurbiprofen; D007052:Ibuprofen