title: Simple tools for assessment of ovarian reserve (OR): individual ovarian dimensions are reliable predictors of OR.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the association between individual ovarian dimensions, advancing age, and declining ovarian reserve (OR) in an infertile population.
  
  
  METHODS
  An ongoing prospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic infertility practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-nine premenopausal women presenting for the evaluation and management of infertility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transvaginal ultrasound assessment of the ovarian dimensions (length, width, and overall diameter in cm) and evaluation of the OR status by measuring serum levels of FSH and E(2) in the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Relationship of the individual ovarian dimensions to age (years) and OR (reflected by historical maximal FSH levels).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A statistically significant decrease in three ovarian size parameters accompanied advancing age (ovarian width, r = -0.30; ovarian length, r = -0.24; and the mean overall ovarian diameter, r = -0.30). Levels of FSH demonstrated a significant and linear correlation with age (r = 0.39). Increasing levels of FSH (and hence declining OR) were associated with statistically significant declines in the mean ovarian width (r = -0.39), length (r = -0.38), and overall mean ovarian diameter (r = -.42), Patients with a known diagnosis of diminished OR demonstrated significantly reduced ovarian dimensions compared with patients with other infertility etiologies. Multivariate linear regression analysis confirmed individual ovarian measurements (width, length, and overall diameter) as independent predictors of OR (FSH levels) after adjusting for parameters that are known to influence ovarian size, i.e., age, smoking status, body mass index, and anovulation history. Ovarian width emerged as the strongest predictor of OR (largest beta coefficient and hence the strongest association with OR status), compared with ovarian length and the mean ovarian diameter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Single ovarian dimensions are reliable predictors of advancing age and declining OR status in premenopausal infertile women. The magnitude of this association is most robust for the ovarian width.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
authors.forename: Stacea
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bowen
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Norian
authors.forename: Nanette
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Santoro
authors.forename: Lubna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002452:Cell Count; D003944:Diagnostic Techniques, Obstetrical and Gynecological; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D005498:Follicular Phase / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D009929:Organ Size; D010053:Ovary / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000166:cytology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D004958:Estradiol; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone