title: Prevalence of circumcision and herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in men in the United States: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999-2004.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the prevalence of circumcision in the United States and to examine the association between circumcision and herpes simplex virus Type 2 (HSV-2) infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  As part of National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 1999 to 2004, 6174 men were interviewed about circumcision status and sexual behaviors, and were tested for HSV-2 antibodies. Medical artwork was used to aid the reporting of circumcision status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prevalence of circumcision was 79% and varied by race/ethnicity (88% in non-Hispanic whites, 73% in non-Hispanic blacks, 42% in Mexican Americans, and 50% in others). For men born in the United States from 1940 through 1979, the prevalence of circumcision increased, with larger increases in non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans than in non-Hispanic whites; the prevalence of circumcision decreased significantly in those born in the 1980s (84%) compared to those born in 1970s (91%) (P <0.001). Circumcision status was not associated with sexual behaviors we assessed. In multivariate analyses, circumcision was not associated with HSV-2 infection (P = 0.47).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of circumcision apparently peaked in those born in the 1970s and declined in those born in the 1980s. Circumcision was not associated with HSV-2 infection.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. fax1@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Fujie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Lauri E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Markowitz
authors.forename: Maya R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sternberg
authors.forename: Sevgi O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Aral
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002944:Circumcision, Male / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006558:Herpes Genitalis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D015995:Prevalence; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology