title: Cell adhesion properties on photochemically functionalized diamond.
abstract: The biocompatibility of diamond was investigated with a view toward correlating surface chemistry and topography with cellular adhesion and growth. The adhesion properties of normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells on microcrystalline and ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) surfaces were measured using atomic force microscopy. Cell adhesion forces increased by several times on the hydrogenated diamond surfaces after UV irradiation of the surfaces in air or after functionalization with undecylenic acid. A direct correlation between initial cell adhesion forces and the subsequent cell growth was observed. Cell adhesion forces were observed to be strongest on UV-treated UNCD, and cell growth experiments showed that UNCD was intrinsically more biocompatible than microcrystalline diamond surfaces. The surface carboxylic acid groups on the functionalized diamond surface provide tethering sites for laminin to support the growth of neuron cells. Finally, using capillary injection, a surface gradient of polyethylene glycol could be assembled on top of the diamond surface for the construction of a cell gradient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543.
authors.forename: Kwok Feng
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: Kian Ping
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Loh
authors.forename: S R K
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Vedula
authors.forename: Chwee Teck
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Hadwig
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sternschulte
authors.forename: Doris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Steinmüller
authors.forename: Fwu-Shan
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Sheu
authors.forename: Yu Lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Zhong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000528:radiation effects; D018130:Diamond / Q000737:chemistry; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007797:Laminin / Q000378:metabolism; D008422:Materials Testing; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D010316:Particle Size; D010777:Photochemistry; D051381:Rats; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014476:Undecylenic Acids / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D007797:Laminin; D014476:Undecylenic Acids; D018130:Diamond