title: Axin-independent phosphorylation of APC controls beta-catenin signaling via cytoplasmic retention of beta-catenin.
abstract: It has been shown that accumulation of free beta-catenin leads to mobility shift of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein and that Axin facilitates this process. Here we show that the beta-catenin-mediated mobility shift of APC is due to phosphorylation of two domains of APC by casein kinase 1epsilon/glycogen synthase kinase 3beta and unknown kinase(s), respectively. Interestingly, our results suggest that this process does not require Axin. The phosphorylated APC showed higher affinity to beta-catenin in vivo, and fragments of APC containing the phosphorylated domains can inhibit beta-catenin/Tcf-mediated reporter activity regardless of their ability to reduce the level of beta-catenin. From our data we propose a new role of APC: accumulation of excessive cytoplasmic beta-catenin induces phosphorylation of APC and the phosphorylated APC retains beta-catenin in cytoplasm to prevent excessive beta-catenin signaling. The retained beta-catenin in cytoplasm by APC may be down-regulated by Axin 2, which is induced by beta-catenin/Tcf signaling.
authors.affiliation: The University of Seoul, 90 Jeonnong-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-743, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eunjeong
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Eek-hoon
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Jho
mesh_terms: D025601:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D060466:Axin Protein; D002460:Cell Line; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D025601:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein; D060466:Axin Protein; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin