title: Similar autonomic responsivity in boys with conduct disorder and their fathers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Antisocial behavior frequently occurs in families. This study investigated whether autonomic hypoarousal and hyporesponsivity, which have been observed in antisocial individuals of all ages, are passed from fathers to male offspring.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 44 boys with early-onset conduct disorder and 36 healthy controls (8 to 13 years old) together with their biological fathers. Resting heart rate and nonspecific skin conductance fluctuations were assessed as arousal measurements, with electrodermal responses and heart rate changes to pictorial stimuli serving as response measurements. In addition, boys and fathers were subjected to psychometric measurements of antisocial behavior.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The fathers of boys with CD showed significantly lower electrodermal responses to pictures of either emotional quality than the fathers of controls (p between.015 and < .001), and they revealed fewer nonspecific skin conductance fluctuations (p = .001). In addition, they reported a more aggressive, hostile, and impulsive behavioral style. Psychophysiological measurements were highly correlated between fathers and sons (p between .007 and < .001), and fathers' autonomic responses accounted for group differences in electrodermal responses between boys (p < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fathers of boys with conduct disorder exhibited an abnormal psychophysiological response pattern similar to that of their sons. High father-son correlations in psychophysiological measures raise the question of whether autonomic abnormalities may constitute a biological mediator through which the disposition for antisocial behavior is transmitted within families.
authors.affiliation: Drs. Herpertz and Domes are with the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Rostock University, Rostock, Germany; Drs. Vloet, Mueller, and Herpertz-Dahlmann are with the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University; and Dr. Wilmes is with the Section of Neuropsychology, Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. Electronic address: sabine.herpertz@med.uni-rostock.de.
authors.forename: Sabine C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Herpertz
authors.affiliation: Drs. Herpertz and Domes are with the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Rostock University, Rostock, Germany; Drs. Vloet, Mueller, and Herpertz-Dahlmann are with the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University; and Dr. Wilmes is with the Section of Neuropsychology, Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vloet
authors.affiliation: Drs. Herpertz and Domes are with the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Rostock University, Rostock, Germany; Drs. Vloet, Mueller, and Herpertz-Dahlmann are with the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University; and Dr. Wilmes is with the Section of Neuropsychology, Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Bodo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.affiliation: Drs. Herpertz and Domes are with the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Rostock University, Rostock, Germany; Drs. Vloet, Mueller, and Herpertz-Dahlmann are with the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University; and Dr. Wilmes is with the Section of Neuropsychology, Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Domes
authors.affiliation: Drs. Herpertz and Domes are with the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Rostock University, Rostock, Germany; Drs. Vloet, Mueller, and Herpertz-Dahlmann are with the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University; and Dr. Wilmes is with the Section of Neuropsychology, Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Willmes
authors.affiliation: Drs. Herpertz and Domes are with the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Rostock University, Rostock, Germany; Drs. Vloet, Mueller, and Herpertz-Dahlmann are with the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University; and Dr. Wilmes is with the Section of Neuropsychology, Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Herpertz-Dahlmann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000523:psychology; D001143:Arousal; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005192:Family Health; D005220:Fathers; D005712:Galvanic Skin Response / Q000502:physiology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011594:Psychometrics