title: Single amino acid substitutions in the HSV-1 helicase protein that confer resistance to the helicase-primase inhibitor BAY 57-1293 are associated with increased or decreased virus growth characteristics in tissue culture.
abstract: Two mutants (BAYr1 and BAYr2) that are 100-fold and >3000-fold resistant, respectively, to the helicase-primase inhibitor (HPI) BAY 57-1293 were derived from a plaque-pure parental strain, HSV-1 SC16 cl-2. BAYr1 has two substitutions in the HSV-1 helicase (UL5) protein (A4 to V; K356 to Q) and BAYr2 has one (G352 to R). It was shown reproducibly that BAYr1 grows to higher titres in tissue culture while BAYr2 grows more slowly than wild-type. Marker transfer experiments confirmed that K356Q and G352R are the drug-resistance mutations and that they are directly associated with differences in virus growth in tissue culture. When BAYr1 was tested in a murine infection model, this virus was shown to be fully pathogenic. We present evidence that single mutations close to a predicted functional domain of an essential HSV-1 replication enzyme (helicase) are associated with drug resistance and virus growth characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Veterinary Science, Cambridge University Veterinary School, Cambridge, U.K.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Biswas
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jennens
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Field
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004265:DNA Helicases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*; D019915:DNA Primase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D014709:Vero Cells; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013844:Thiazoles; D014764:Viral Proteins; C453221:pritelivir; D019915:DNA Primase; C062021:helicase-primase, Human herpesvirus 1; D004265:DNA Helicases