title: [Human skull development and voice disorders].
abstract: The hominisation of the skull comes with the bipedic posture, due to a network of muscular and aponevrotic forces applied to the cranio-facial skeleton. A brief sight of the morphogenetic origine and issues of these forces help to understand more clearly the postural statement of the larynx, his functions, and his many extrinsic biomechanical bounds; then further his most frequently dysfunctions. The larynx is surrounded by several effective systems of protection: active, activo-passive, passive. The architectural features of the components of the laryngeal system allows us to consider the laryngeal function as an auto-balanced system. All the forces engaged are auto-balanced in a continuum of tension. This lead us to the concept of tensegrity system, neologism coming from tensional integrity described by Buckminster Fuller. The laryngeal employement by extrinsic system is pathological in case of chronicity. Any osteopathic treatment, which aims to restore the losses of laryngeal mobility, has to release first the peripherical structures involved in the laryngeal defense, before normalising the larynx itself Finally, the larynx recovers his functions in a tensegrity system.
authors.affiliation: alainpiron@skynet.be
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piron
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Roch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007821:Laryngeal Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D007830:Larynx / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D009024:Morphogenesis; D010802:Phylogeny; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D011312:Pressure; D012886:Skull / Q000254:growth & development; D014831:Voice / Q000502:physiology*; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*