title: [Gynecomastia--a frequent clinical problem].
abstract: Gynecomastia is a frequent clinical problem. About 50% of cases of gynecomastia are known as physiological gynecomastia, connected with the neonatal period, puberty or aging. However, gynecomastia can also be the first symptom of a serious disease. In this review we present current opinions on the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics and treatment of gynecomastia with special regard to the new therapeutic possibilities.
authors.affiliation: Klinika Endokrynologii, Diabetologii i Chorób Wewnetrznych, Akademia Medyczna, ul. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Białystok, Poland. monika3101@wp.pl
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karczewska-Kupczewska
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kowalska
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gorska
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D041923:Adolescent Development; D000728:Androgens / Q000378:metabolism; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D012734:Disorders of Sex Development / Q000150:complications; D004700:Endocrine System Diseases / Q000150:complications; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism; D006177:Gynecomastia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011788:Quality of Life; D013739:Testosterone / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D004967:Estrogens; D013739:Testosterone