title: Role of in vivo imaging of the central nervous system for developing novel drugs.
abstract: Over the past decade imaging technologies employed in clinical neurosciences have significantly advanced. Imaging is not only used for the diagnostic work-up of neurological disorders but also crucial to follow up on therapeutic efforts. Using disease-specific imaging parameters, as read-outs for the efficiency of individual therapies, has facilitated the development of various novel treatments for neurological disease. Here, we review various imaging technologies, such as cranial computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS), positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), with respect to their current applications in non-invasive disease phenotyping and the measurement of therapeutic outcomes in neurology. In particular, applications in neuro-oncology, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and cerebral ischemia are discussed. Non-invasive imaging provides further insights into the molecular pathophysiology of human diseases and facilitates the design and implementation of improved therapies.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Molecular Imaging Max Planck-Institute, for Neurological Research Center, Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rueger
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Kracht
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hilker
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thiel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sobesky
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Winkeler
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Heneka
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Graf
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Herholz
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Heiss
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Jacobs
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000639:trends*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000639:trends; D015195:Drug Design; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D015336:Molecular Probe Techniques / Q000639:trends*; D009683:Nuclear Medicine / Q000639:trends; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals