title: Robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical cystoprostatectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent small case series have been reported for robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical cystoprostatectomy. The present literature includes 34 patients who have undergone robotic-assisted cystectomy procedures. We report our initial experience with robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical cystoprostatectomy, describing stepwise the surgical procedure and evaluating perioperative and pathologic outcomes of this novel procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty men underwent robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical cystoprostatectomy and extracorporeal urinary diversion for clinically localized bladder cancer. The stepwise operative procedure is described in detail. Outcome measures evaluated included operative variables, hospital recovery, pathologic outcomes, and complication rate. Comparisons were made to these gender-matched 24 men who underwent an open procedure during this same period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age was 62.3 yr (range: 54-76 yr). Ten patients underwent ileal conduit diversion and 10 patients underwent an orthotopic neobladder. In all cases the urinary diversion was performed extracorporeally. Mean operating room time of all patients was 6.1h (most recent 10 cases, 5.2h). Mean surgical blood loss was 313 ml. On surgical pathology, 14 patients were < or =pT2, 4 patients pT3, and 2 patients N+. In no case was there inadvertent entry into the bladder or positive surgical margins. Mean number of lymph nodes removed was 19 (range: 6-29). Mean time to flatus was 2.1 d and bowel movement 2.8 d. Sixteen patients were discharged on postoperative day (POD) 4, three patients on POD 5, and one on POD 8. There were six postoperative complications (30%) in five patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our initial experience with robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical cystoprostatectomy appears to be favorable with acceptable operative, pathologic, and short-term clinical outcomes. As our experience increases, we should expect to continue to refine our surgical technique and reduce operating room times. Larger experiences are required to adequately evaluate and validate this procedure as an appropriate surgical and oncologic option for the bladder cancer patient.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urologic Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. rpruthi@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: Raj S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Pruthi
authors.forename: Eric M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Wallen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D012371:Robotics; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D014547:Urinary Diversion