title: Reduced flow velocity in the internal carotid artery independently of cardiac hemodynamics in patients with cerebral ischemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To retrospectively investigate the relationships between carotid flow velocities, clinical features and cardiac hemodynamics to assess the meaning and significance of reduced carotid flow velocities in patients with cerebral ischemic symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  We selected the files from patients who had undergone duplex Doppler sonographic examination of extracranial carotid arteries, echocardiography, and MR angiography, and in whom the following parameters were available: peak systolic (PSV) and end diastolic (EDV) flow velocity, pulsatility index (PI), and diameter of the left and right common (CCA) and internal (ICA) carotid arteries, intima-media thickness (IMT) of the left and right CCA, left ventricle (LV) mass, peak flow velocity on LV outflow tract, and fractional shortening (FS). Patients with stenosis of the carotid artery or its main intracranial branches were excluded, as were patients with major cerebral infarction, severe intracranial abnormality, or heart function disorder. The remaining 59 patients were subdivided according to the presence or absence of cerebral ischemic symptoms, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and hyperlipidemia for multivariate analyses and stepwise regressions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women had smaller diameters and lower PI in the left and right CCA, and smaller LV mass than men. Age, CCA diameter, and IMT showed an inverse correlation with carotid flow velocities in several arterial segments. There was a positive correlation between PSV in the left CCA and ICA and FS, and between PSV in the left CCA and peak velocity on LV outflow tract. Flow velocities in the left and right ICA were significantly slower in patients with than in patients without cerebral ischemic symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiac hemodynamics and carotid flow velocities are significantly related, only on the left side, probably due to larger hemodynamic stress. Increased intracerebral circulatory resistance is probably involved in the decrease in carotid flow velocity and increase in PI in patients with cerebral ischemic symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Research Institute for Stroke Care, National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center, 1711-1 Tamasu, Okayama, 701-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukuhara
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hida
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Manabe
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Munemasa
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Akao
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Namba
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuyama
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology*; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000503:physiopathology; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000503:physiopathology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D011673:Pulsatile Flow / Q000502:physiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex