title: The three-dimensional structure of human interphase chromosomes is related to the transcriptome map.
abstract: The three-dimensional (3D) organization of the chromosomal fiber in the human interphase nucleus is an important but poorly understood aspect of gene regulation. Here we quantitatively analyze and compare the 3D structures of two types of genomic domains as defined by the human transcriptome map. While ridges are gene dense and show high expression levels, antiridges, on the other hand, are gene poor and carry genes that are expressed at low levels. We show that ridges are in general less condensed, more irregularly shaped, and located more closely to the nuclear center than antiridges. Six human cell lines that display different gene expression patterns and karyotypes share these structural parameters of chromatin. This shows that the chromatin structures of these two types of genomic domains are largely independent of tissue-specific variations in gene expression and differentiation state. Moreover, we show that there is remarkably little intermingling of chromatin from different parts of the same chromosome in a chromosome territory, neither from adjacent nor from distant parts. This suggests that the chromosomal fiber has a compact structure that sterically suppresses intermingling. Together, our results reveal novel general aspects of 3D chromosome architecture that are related to genome structure and function.
authors.affiliation: Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 318, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goetze
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mateos-Langerak
authors.forename: Hinco J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Gierman
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: de Leeuw
authors.forename: Osdilly
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Giromus
authors.forename: Mireille H G
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Indemans
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koster
authors.forename: Vladan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ondrej
authors.forename: Rogier
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Versteeg
authors.forename: Roel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Driel
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics; D002877:Chromosomes, Human; D015894:Genome, Human; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007399:Interphase; D008957:Models, Genetic; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D020161:Physical Chromosome Mapping; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin