title: Water content and other aspects of brittle versus normal fingernails.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous authors have claimed that dehydration of the nail plate causes brittle nails. Some experts claim that normal nails contain 18% water, and brittle nails contain less than 16%.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to test the hypothesis that brittle nails contain 2% less water than normal nails. We also examined the relationship between a number of health and behavioral variables and brittle nails.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 102 participants with either brittle or normal nails had two nails clipped and then analyzed for water content by a blinded investigator in the laboratory. Participants filled out a detailed questionnaire designed to reveal information about health and behavior.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean water content for normal nails was 11.90% and for brittle nails was 12.48%. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. The odds of having brittle nails was 3.23 times greater among participants who received a professional manicure (95% confidence interval 1.21, 8.59). The frequency of professional manicures was associated with the likelihood of having brittle nails. Frequency of hand moisturizer use was significantly associated with nail brittleness (95% confidence interval 1.35, 32.10). Family history was significantly associated with the likelihood of having brittle nails (95% confidence interval 1.65, 21.11).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Analyzing nails from living participants is limiting because samples can only be collected from the distal unattached nail plate. A small subanalysis was performed and showed that the nails were losing water between the time of clipping and laboratory analysis. Therefore, our water percentage results may not be representative of in vivo nail plate water contents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no significant difference in water content of brittle compared with normal nails.
authors.affiliation: Mount Sinai Hospital, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Dana Kazlow
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Diamantis
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Huachen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Marsha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Wangui
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Muigai
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moshier
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lebwohl
authors.forename: Phyllis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Spuls
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001505:Beauty Culture; D001834:Body Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009260:Nail Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009262:Nails / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003358:Cosmetics