title: A protocol describing pharynx counts and a review of other assays of apoptotic cell death in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans.
abstract: Studies of the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans have provided important insights into the genetics of programmed cell death (PCD), and revealed molecular mechanisms conserved from nematodes to humans. The organism continues to offer opportunities to investigate the processes of apoptosis under very well-defined conditions and at single-cell resolution in living animals. Here, a survey of the common methods used to study the process of PCD in C. elegans is described. Detailed instructions are provided for one standard method--the counting of extra cells of the anterior pharynx--a quantitative technique that can be used to detect even very subtle alterations in the progression of apoptotic cell death.
authors.affiliation: MIT Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. hillels@mit.edu
authors.forename: Hillel T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D002452:Cell Count / Q000379:methods*; D008857:Microscopy, Interference / Q000379:methods; D010614:Pharynx / Q000166:cytology*