title: Minimization of risks of esophageal dilation.
abstract: Esophageal dilation, along with many other therapeutic endoscopic procedures, carries with it an increased risk of complications, most of which are transient events but some of which may be catastrophic. The author reviews the literature concerning the major and minor complications that one will encounter in a busy and aggressive gastrointestinal endoscopic practice. There are scant prospective data concerning risk minimization and most studies are retrospective case series. Careful identification of groups of patients who have risk factors that may increase the potential for an adverse event is worthwhile and is reviewed. The current literature is discussed and suggestions to provide guidance and pearls in helping to avoiding and diagnosing major complications are given.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Division, University of Pennsylvania Medical School, 3 Ravdin, HUP, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. michael.kochman@uphs.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kochman
mesh_terms: D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004935:Esophageal Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans