title: Modulation of [3H]dopamine release by glutathione in mouse striatal slices.
abstract: Glutathione (gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine, GSH and oxidized glutathione, GSSG), may function as a neuromodulator at the glutamate receptors and as a neurotransmitter at its own receptors. We studied now the effects of GSH, GSSG, glutathione derivatives and thiol redox agents on the spontaneous, K(+)- and glutamate-agonist-evoked releases of [(3)H]dopamine from mouse striatal slices. The release evoked by 25 mM K(+) was inhibited by GSH, S-ethyl-, -propyl-, -butyl- and pentylglutathione and glutathione sulfonate. 5,5'-Dithio-bis-2-nitrobenzoate (DTNB) and L-cystine were also inhibitory, while dithiothreitol (DTT) and L-cysteine enhanced the K(+)-evoked release. Ten min preperfusion with 50 microM ZnCl(2) enhanced the basal unstimulated release but prevented the activation of K(+)-evoked release by DTT. Kainate and 2-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) evoked dopamine release but the other glutamate receptor agonists N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), glycine (1 mM) and trans-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylate (t-ACPD, 0.5 mM), and the modulators GSH, GSSG, glutathione sulfonate, S-alkyl-derivatives of glutathione, DTNB, cystine, cysteine and DTT (all 1 mM) were without effect. The release evoked by 1 mM glutamate was enhanced by 1 mM GSH, while GSSG, glutathionesulfonate and S-alkyl derivatives of glutathione were generally without effect or inhibitory. NMDA (1 mM) evoked release only in the presence of 1 mM GSH but not with GSSG, other peptides or thiol modulators. L-Cysteine (1 mM) enhanced the glutamate-evoked release similarly to GSH. The activation by 1 mM kainate was inhibited by S-ethyl-, -propyl-, and -butylglutathione and the activation by 0.5 mM AMPA was inhibited by S-ethylglutathione but enhanced by GSSG. Glutathione alone does not directly evoke dopamine release but may inhibit the depolarization-evoked release by preventing the toxic effects of high glutamate, and by modulating the cysteine-cystine redox state in Ca(2+ )channels. GSH also seems to enhance the glutamate-agonist-evoked release via both non-NMDA and NMDA receptors. In this action, the gamma-glutamyl and cysteinyl moieties of glutathione are involved.
authors.affiliation: Brain Research Center, University of Tampere Medical School, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Réka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Janáky
authors.forename: Róbert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dohovics
authors.forename: Pirjo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saransaari
authors.forename: Simo S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Oja
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000378:metabolism*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide / Q000378:metabolism*; D007608:Kainic Acid; D051379:Mice; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D014316:Tritium / Q000737:chemistry; D018350:alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D014316:Tritium; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D018350:alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; D005978:Glutathione; D011188:Potassium; D007608:Kainic Acid; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide; D004298:Dopamine