title: [Study on the status of pollution by Legionella species in hot spring vacation center and the related factors].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the pollution status of Legionella species in hot spring vacation center and the related factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Field surveys were performed in four big hot spring vacation centers of Changping district. Uniform questionnaires was used and colony count was made together with the isolation of Legionella species from hot spring water based on mip gene typing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  47 isolates of Legionella pneumophila (Lp) from 87 samples showed 4 serotypes as Lp1, Lp6, Lp12, Lp5 with percent of 57.45%, 21.28%, 14.89%, 6.38% respectively. The hot spring centers controlled the temperature of recycled water between 34-47 degrees C by hot water heating and filtrating system. All the isolates were cultured from the hot water with temperature between 34-44 degrees C: 56.75% (21/37) in high temperature (40-47 degrees C) and 61.90% (26/42) in low temperature (34-39.9 degrees C). There were no statistically significant difference between the high and the low temperature samples (P > 0.05). In the four hot spring vacation centers, the pH value was under control at 6.4-7.3 and the ambient temperature was under control between 26-28 degrees C. The humidity was controlled between 56% -69% relative humidity, which were the best growing conditions for the Legionella species. Disinfectors as chlorine deviratives was used in the four hot spring vacation centers. Though the concentration of chlorine in the water was 0.3-0.5 mg/L, 14.29%-48.00% of the samples were still positive of having Legionella species.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pollution of Legionella species was considered to be quite serious in the four hot spring vacation centers and the predominant serotype was Lp1. The pH and temperature of the hot spring water, ambient temperature and humidity and the way of heating up the water were the best conditions for the growth of Legionella species in these centers. Because of the high temperature of the hot spring water, chlorine of the disinfector volatilized quickly, affecting the effect of disinfection. The result revealed that water temperature achieving 44 degrees C could have had the effect of prevention.
authors.affiliation: Changping Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102200, China.
authors.forename: Lian-Xiu
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ge-Bin
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Li-Na
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Gui-Fang
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Qiao
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D004203:Disinfection; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D045482:Hot Springs / Q000382:microbiology*; D007875:Legionella / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013696:Temperature; D014195:Travel; D014871:Water Microbiology