title: Chk1 frameshift mutation in sporadic and hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Protein kinase Chk1 (hChk1) is essential in human cells for cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage, and has been shown to play an important role in the G2/M checkpoint. The BRAF mutations have been suggested to be linked with defective mismatch repair in colorectal cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a frameshift mutation within the Chk1 gene contribute to the development or progression of eastern sporadic and hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) with microsatellite instability (MSI).
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed MSI using the 6 microsatellite markers and a frameshift mutation in the BRAF gene and in poly(A)9 within the Chk1 gene in 51 sporadic colorectal cancer and 14 HNPCC specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven of the 51 sporadic colorectal cancers and all of the 14 HNPCCs were MSI-positive. Chk1 frameshift mutations were observed in 2 and 3 sporadic colon cancers and HNPCC, respectively, whereas no BRAF mutations were detected in these samples. Interestingly, all cases with the Chk1 frameshift mutation had high-frequency MSI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the Chk1 gene is a target of genomic instability in MSI-positive colorectal cancers and that the Chk1 framshift mutations might be involved in colorectal tumourigenesis through a defect in response to DNA damage in a subset of sporadic colorectal cancers and HNPCCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Y G
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics; D000232:Adenofibroma / Q000235:genetics*; D000071877:Checkpoint Kinase 1; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D003123:Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis / Q000235:genetics*; D016368:Frameshift Mutation; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053842:Microsatellite Instability; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein / Q000235:genetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C501486:MLH1 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011494:Protein Kinases; C482119:BRAF protein, human; C000605867:CHEK1 protein, human; D000071877:Checkpoint Kinase 1; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; C497172:MSH2 protein, human; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein