title: Both viable and killed Candida albicans cells induce in vitro production of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in murine cells through a TLR2-dependent signalling.
abstract: The in vitro production of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in response to Candida albicans was investigated in wild type, TLR2-/- and TLR4-/- murine cells. TLR2-/- resident peritoneal macrophages showed a strong impairment of TNF-alpha production in response to viable and non-viable (heat-killed, antimycotic-treated and formaldehyde-fixed) yeasts and hyphae (germ tube-bearing cells) of the high virulence C. albicans ATCC 26555 strain, as compared with macrophages from wild-type and TLR4-/- mice. The in vitro production of IFN-gamma was investigated in murine splenocytes obtained three days after intravenous injection with the low virulence, non-germinative C. albicans PCA2 strain, and again, TLR2-/- splenocytes showed a strong impairment of the in vitro production of IFN-gamma in response to non-viable (heat-killed, antimycotic-treated and formaldehyde-fixed) C. albicans ATCC 26555 yeasts, as compared with splenocytes of TLR4-/- and wild type mice. These results indicate that the TLR2-mediated recognition of C. albicans leading to a proinflammatory Th1 host response appears to be well conserved in killed C. albicans cells, regardless of the inactivating treatment employed.
authors.affiliation: Departament de Microbiologia i Ecologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Avgda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
authors.forename: Celia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Murciano
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yáñez
authors.forename: M Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gozalbo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma