title: Estrogen receptor beta expression is associated with tamoxifen response in ERalpha-negative breast carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endocrine therapies, such as tamoxifen, are commonly given to most patients with estrogen receptor (ERalpha)-positive breast carcinoma but are not indicated for persons with ERalpha-negative cancer. The factors responsible for response to tamoxifen in 5% to 10% of patients with ERalpha-negative tumors are not clear. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the biology and prognostic role of the second ER, ERbeta, in patients treated with adjuvant tamoxifen.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated ERbeta by immunohistochemistry in 353 stage II primary breast tumors from patients treated with 2 years adjuvant tamoxifen, and generated gene expression profiles for a representative subset of 88 tumors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ERbeta was associated with increased survival (distant disease-free survival, P = 0.01; overall survival, P = 0.22), and in particular within ERalpha-negative patients (P = 0.003; P = 0.04), but not in the ERalpha-positive subgroup (P = 0.49; P = 0.88). Lack of ERbeta conferred early relapse (hazard ratio, 14; 95% confidence interval, 1.8-106; P = 0.01) within the ERalpha-negative subgroup even after adjustment for other markers. ERalpha was an independent marker only within the ERbeta-negative tumors (hazard ratio, 0.44; 95% confidence interval, 0.21-0.89; P = 0.02). An ERbeta gene expression profile was identified and was markedly different from the ERalpha signature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expression of ERbeta is an independent marker for favorable prognosis after adjuvant tamoxifen treatment in ERalpha-negative breast cancer patients and involves a gene expression program distinct from ERalpha. These results may be highly clinically significant, because in the United States alone, approximately 10,000 women are diagnosed annually with ERalpha-negative/ERbeta-positive breast carcinoma and may benefit from adjuvant tamoxifen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Theoretical Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sofia K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gruvberger-Saal
authors.forename: Pär-Ola
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Bendahl
authors.forename: Lao H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Saal
authors.forename: Mervi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laakso
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hegardt
authors.forename: Patrik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Edén
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Malmström
authors.forename: Jorma
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Isola
authors.forename: Ake
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borg
authors.forename: Mårten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernö
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D013629:Tamoxifen