title: Does feeding on infected mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) enhance the role of song sparrows in the transmission of arboviruses in California?
abstract: Song sparrows, Melopiza melodia, inoculated subcutaneously with either western equine encephalomyelitis virus (family Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, WEEV) or West Nile virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, WNV) developed elevated viremias, and they were considered to be competent experimental hosts for both viruses. However, birds that ingested from three to 20 mosquitoes containing comparable amounts of either WEEV or WNV failed to become infected, indicating limited oral susceptibility. Comparatively few field-collected birds had antibodies against either WEEV or WNV, indicating that this species was infrequently bitten by infectious mosquitoes in nature and probably was of limited importance in viral amplification.
authors.affiliation: Center for Vectorborne Diseases and Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. arbo123@pacbell.net
authors.forename: William K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Reisen
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fang
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D002140:California; D009033:Culicidae / Q000821:virology*; D004667:Encephalitis Virus, Western Equine; D004683:Encephalomyelitis, Equine / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D046370:Sparrows / Q000821:virology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014766:Viremia / Q000662:veterinary; D014901:West Nile Fever / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary*; D014902:West Nile virus
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral