Superficial bladder cancer: part 2. Management.
In the second section of a two-part article, the recent literature is reviewed and the management of nonmuscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is discussed. Particular attention is given to the indications and timing of intravesical chemotherapy and immunotherapy and the differences in efficacy and side-effect profiles of the available agents. The indications and role of second-look transurethral resection are reviewed. Additionally, the role of bacillus Calmette-Guerin in the management of this disease in terms of definitive treatment and maintenance therapy is discussed. We also offer a review of the literature regarding therapies for bacillus Calmette-Guerin-refractory nonmuscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and their current place in practice.
Josephson
David
D
University of Southern California, Department of Urology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9178, USA. david.josephson@usc.edu
Pasin
Erik
E
Stein
John P
JP
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019468:Disease Management; D006801:Humans; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents