title: Visual lobe shape and search performance for targets of different difficulty.
abstract: In quantitative models of visual search it has usually been assumed that visual lobe area shape was sufficiently regular to be approximated by a circle or ellipse. However, the irregularities in visual lobe shapes that have been found in studies involving extensive lobe mapping have suggested that lobe shape may have important implications for visual search performance and for the accuracy of mathematical models used for performance prediction. However, no systematic research on the relationship between the shape aspect of visual lobes and search performance seems to have been carried out and no comparisons of visual lobe shape characteristics under the effect of target difficulty have been reported. The current study was conducted to achieve two major objectives in two experiments. Experiment 1 used two different targets (letter 'O' and letter 'Y') to map the visual lobes of subjects in order to provide a systematic and quantitative comparison of lobe shape characteristics and experiment 2 was to investigate the correlation of visual lobe shape characteristics with visual search time under the effect of target difficulty. The visual lobes of 28 subjects were mapped on 24 imaginary and regularly spaced meridians originating from the centre of the visual field to resemble the full field mapping situation. Five categories of shape indices, viz. roundness, boundary smoothness, symmetry, elongation and shape regularity were investigated. The results of this study demonstrated that the visual lobe shapes of subjects elongate horizontally with medium level of roundness, high levels of boundary smoothness, symmetry and regularity for an easy target (O) against a homogeneous background of 'X's. When a difficult target (Y) was used, the visual lobes of the subjects were still elongated horizontally but to a smaller extent and with a low level of roundness, medium level of boundary smoothness and regularity and a similar high level of symmetry to the easy target. Moreover, significant correlations between shape indices and visual search time were found, suggesting mathematical models for predicting search time should not merely rely on area but also should consider visual lobe shape indices. Finally, a universal mathematical model containing several visual lobe shape indices was developed, which was applicable in the prediction of visual search time for a range of similar search tasks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Manufacturing Engineering and Engineering Management, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong. alan.chan@cityu.edu.hk
authors.forename: Alan H S
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Natalie Y W
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005106:Exploratory Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014794:Visual Fields; D014796:Visual Perception