title: The effects of dietary N-3 and antioxidant supplementation on erythrocyte membrane fatty acid composition and fluidity in exercising horses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fatty acid supplementation could modulate erythrocyte membrane fluidity in horses at rest and during exercise, but information is lacking on the effect of exercise.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of exercise with, and without, an oral antioxidant supplementation enriched with n-3 fatty acids on erythrocyte membrane fluidity (EMF) and fatty acid composition in eventing horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve healthy and regularly trained horses were divided randomly into 2 groups: group S received an oral antioxidant cocktail enriched in n-3 fatty acid (alphatocopherol, eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) whereas group P was placebo-treated. At the end of 4 weeks, all horses performed a standardised exercise test (ET) under field conditions. Venous blood was sampled before starting treatment (TO), immediately before (T1) as well as 15 min (T2) and 24 h (T3) after ET. Spin labelled (16-DOXYL-stearic acid) red blood cell membranes were characterised using the relaxation correlation time (Tc in inverse proportion to EMF). Fatty acid composition (%) of the membrane was determined by gas-liquid chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Supplementation did not induce changes in EMF (T1 vs. TO) but significant changes in membrane composition were observed and there were increases in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid PUFA, n-3/n-6 ratio, and total n-3 fatty acids. Exercise (T2 vs. T1) induced a significant decrease of EMF in group P (Tc: +19%, P<0.05) and nonsignificant decrease in group S (Tc: +5%), whereas membrane fatty acid composition did not change in either group. During the recovery period (T3 vs. T2), EMF decreased significantly in group S (Tc: +29%, P<0.05) and nonsignificantly in group P (Tc: +18%) without any significant changes in fatty acid composition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An enriched oral antioxidant supplementation induced changes in membrane composition, which modulated the decrease in EMF induced by exercise. Long chain n-3 fatty acid supplementation might therefore be beneficial.
authors.affiliation: Equine Department, National Veterinary School of Lyon; tDepartment for Functional Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Belgium.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Portier
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: de Moffarts
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fellman
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kirschvink
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Motta
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Letellierw
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruelland
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van Erck
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lekeux
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Couder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000737:chemistry*; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000662:veterinary; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008560:Membrane Fluidity / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005227:Fatty Acids; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol