title: Enhanced electrochemical detection of ketorolac tromethamine at polypyrrole modified glassy carbon electrode.
abstract: A glassy carbon electrode modified with a coating of polypyrrole (Ppy) exhibited an attractive performance for the detection and determination of a non-steroidal and non-narcotic analgesic compound, ketorolac tromethamine (KT). Cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse and square wave voltammetry were used in a combined way to identify the electrochemical characteristics and to optimize the conditions for detection. For calibrating and estimating KT, square-wave voltammetry was mainly used. The drug shows a well-defined peak at -1.40 V vs. Ag/AgCl in the acetate buffer (pH 5.5). The existence of Ppy on the surface of the electrode gives higher electrochemical active sites at the electrode for the detection of KT and preconcentrate KT by adsorption. The square-wave stripping voltammetric response depends on the excitation signal and the accumulation time. The calibration curve is linear in the range 1 x 10(-11) to 1 x 10(-7) M with a detection limit of 1.0 x 10(-12) M. Applicability to serum samples was also demonstrated. A detection limit of 1.0 ng ml for serum was observed. Square-wave voltammetry shows superior performance over UV spectroscopy and other techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Chemistry, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India.
authors.forename: Padmanabhan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Santhosh
authors.forename: Nagarajan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Senthil Kumar
authors.forename: Murugesan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Renukadevi
authors.forename: Anantha Iyengar
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Gopalan
authors.forename: Thiyagarajan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vasudevan
authors.forename: Kwang-Pill
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000032:analysis*; D002138:Calibration; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D020911:Ketorolac Tromethamine / Q000032:analysis*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D011108:Polymers; D011758:Pyrroles; C067635:polypyrrole; D020911:Ketorolac Tromethamine; D002244:Carbon