title: Serotonin-1A receptor gene HTR1A variation predicts interferon-induced depression in chronic hepatitis C.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interferon-induced depression is a major complication in antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis C. Little is known about underlying mechanisms and reliable predictive factors associated with cytokine-induced depressive symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cohort of 139 hepatitis C-infected outpatients treated with interferon alfa-2b, we investigated the impact of functional gene variants of the cerebral serotonin (5-HT) signalling pathway previously implicated in depression risk. Depression was monitored using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). All patients were genotyped for functional variations in the 5-HT(1A) receptor (HTR1A), 5-HT transporter (SLC6A4, 5-HTT), and tryptophan hydoxylase-2 (TPH2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Homozygosity for the HTR1A-1019G variant significantly increased both incidence and severity of interferon-induced depression. Maximum increases in HADS depression scores during antiviral therapy correlated with HTR1A variation (P = .011). Clinically relevant depression was significantly associated with the HTR1A-1019G genotype (P = .017; OR, 2.95). 5-HTT and TPH2 variations did not contribute significantly to the prediction of interferon-induced depression by HTR1A (sensitivity, 35.9%; specificity, 84.0%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest an impact of allelic variation in 5-HT(1A) receptor expression on the development of interferon alfa-induced depression during antiviral treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Prediction models of interferon-induced depressive symptoms based on HTR1A variation offer a perspective for an antidepressant selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor prophylaxis in patients genetically at risk for interferon-induced depression.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. kraus_m@klinik.uni-wuerzburg.de
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kraus
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Al-Taie
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pfersdorff
authors.forename: Klaus-Peter
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Lesch
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scheurlen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D003863:Depression / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D044282:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A / Q000235:genetics*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014365:Tryptophan Hydroxylase / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C493230:SLC6A4 protein, human; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D044282:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A; D004247:DNA; C494784:TPH2 protein, human; D014365:Tryptophan Hydroxylase