title: [Metabolism of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs by peroxidase: implication for gastrointestinal mucosal lesions].
abstract: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used to treat inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and gout. The anti-inflammatory action of NSAIDs is due to the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by preventing cyclooxygenase (COX) activity of prostaglandin H synthase (PGS). However, administration of NSAIDs causes gastrointestinal mucosal lesions and a decrease of granulocytes as side effects. PGS catalyzes two distinct enzyme reactions: (1) bis-dioxygenation of arachidonic acid catalyzed by COX activity of PGS to form PGG(2); and (2) reduction of the hydroperoxide group in PGG(2) by PGS hydroperoxidase. Most NSAID are oxidized by peroxidases to produce NSAID radicals that damage biological components such as lipids and enzymes. Indomethacin, phenylbutazone, and piroxicam are more toxic under aerobic conditions than anaerobic conditions during the interaction with peroxidase. We discuss the contribution of peroxidases in the formation of gastrointestinal mucosal lesions induced by NSAIDs.
authors.affiliation: Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, Otaru City, Japan. muraokas@hokuyakudai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Sanae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muraoka
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miura
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D009195:Peroxidase