title: Reduction of radiation dose for cerebral angiography using flat panel detector of direct conversion type: a vascular phantom study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Compared with image intensifier television (I.I.-TV) system, an angiography system using the flat panel detector (FPD) of direct conversion type has a high spatial resolution, which may improve image quality, reduce patient exposure, or both. Our purpose was to evaluate the detection of simulated aneurysmal blebs under dose reduction with the FPD system in comparison with the I.I.-TV system.
  
  
  METHODS
  A vascular phantom was designed to simulate various intracranial aneurysms with and without blebs, and this phantom was filled with 3 different concentrations of contrast material (300, 150, and 100 mg I/mL). 2D digital subtraction angiography (DSA) at low-dose mode of FPD system was compared with 2D DSA at a standard-dose mode of FPD system and a conventional mode of I.I.-TV system. Data analysis was based on 171 observations (57 aneurysms [20 with bleb and 37 without bleb] x 3 contrast material concentrations) by each of 7 radiologists, and the detection performances of blebs were compared using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean dose measurements with a phantom during 2D DSA were 0.36 mGy/frame with low-dose mode of FPD system, 0.72 mGy/frame with standard-dose mode of FPD system and 0.76 mGy/frame with I.I.-TV system. The mean Az at 100 mg I/mL was significantly higher for low-dose mode of FPD than for conventional-dose mode of I.I.-TV mean Az, 0.85 versus 0.56; P < .01), though differences were not significant with 150 and 300 mg I/mL between both systems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The FPD system allows a considerable dose reduction during 2D DSA without loss of the image quality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hatakeyama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kakeda
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohnari
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moriya
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishino
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Korogi
mesh_terms: D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003287:Contrast Media; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D012372:ROC Curve; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013690:Television
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media