title: Necrotizing neurosarcoid: three cases with varying presentations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neurosarcoid affects approximately 5% of patients with sarcoidosis. A significantly more rare entity, necrotizing sarcoidosis affecting the central nervous system, has been confirmed previously in only three case reports. This paper documents three additional cases of necrotizing neurosarcoid, involving a wide spectrum of central nervous system (CNS) locations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One patient presented to the emergency department after being found unresponsive. The second patient was referred due to hearing loss and the third patient sought care due to weakness and numbness of his left lower extremity. Locations of involvement were diverse and included diffuse leptomeningeal involvement, a cerebellopontine angle mass and a thoracic spinal cord lesion. All patients eventually underwent surgical biopsy, and histologic review of tissue samples revealed necrotizing granulomatous inflammation. Serum ACE levels were available for two of the patients and were within normal limits. Once the diagnosis of necrotizing neurosarcoid was confirmed, all patients were treated with systemic corticosteroid therapy; one patient was also treated with an immunosuppressive agent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Necrotizing neurosarcoid may occur more commonly than previously described and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients without systemic manifestations of sarcoidosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Markert
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Tubbs
authors.forename: K O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Hadley
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Palmer
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000473:pathology*; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones