title: Immunomodulatory treatment of multiple sclerosis in Norway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  National guidelines for immunomodulatory treatment in multiple sclerosis (MS) were established in Norway in 2001. However, the nation-wide treatment practice has not been evaluated since. We therefore obtained information of all patients who have received prescriptions for the approved immunomodulatory medications, interferon-beta (Betaferon, Avonex, Rebif) and glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) registered in the Norwegian Prescription Database (Reseptregisteret). We also made a survey of patients treated with mitoxantrone (Novantrone) as well as patients supplied with immunomodulatory drugs in treatment trials. To further calculate the treatment frequency, a nation-wide prevalence of MS in Norway was estimated, based on available prevalence studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The estimated frequency of MS was approximately 150/100,000 in southern Norway and 100/100,000 in northern Norway. The treatment frequencies varied from 15% to 47% between the different counties with a frequency of 28% for the whole country.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Substantial differences in treatment frequencies between counties were detected, reflecting major differences in clinical practice within the country. This calls for increased focus on clinical application of the established treatment guidelines.
authors.affiliation: The Multiple Sclerosis National Competence Center, Haukeland University Hospital, Department of Clinical Medicine, Section for Neurology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. oivind.torkildsen@gmail.com
authors.forename: Ø
authors.initials: Ø
authors.lastname: Torkildsen
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Grytten
authors.forename: K-M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Myhr
mesh_terms: D000068717:Glatiramer Acetate; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008942:Mitoxantrone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D010455:Peptides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D015995:Prevalence; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D010455:Peptides; D000068717:Glatiramer Acetate; D016899:Interferon-beta; D008942:Mitoxantrone