title: Minimizing complications in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and sphincterotomy.
abstract: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a major tool in the diagnosis and management of numerous biliary and pancreatic conditions, including choledocholithiasis as well as benign and malignant pancreatic diseases, especially those causing biliary obstruction. Since the procedure's inception, the techniques and indications have evolved along with advances in technology and an improved understanding of risks associated with ERCP. The trend has been away from purely diagnostic procedures; most ERCPs are now therapeutic in intent. ERCP remains among the more invasive of endoscopic procedures, with significant rates of complications that can be major. As advances are made in less invasive technology, it is important to understand the complications of ERCP and how best to avoid them.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, NY 10467-2490, USA.
authors.forename: Jeremy S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rochester
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Jaffe
mesh_terms: D001649:Bile Duct Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016717:Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome