title: Small renal masses: the value of contrast-enhanced colour Doppler imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the value of a microbubble-based ultrasonographic contrast agent for enhancing blood vessels in colour Doppler imaging (CDI) of small renal masses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-one patients with small renal masses (< 3 cm in diameter) had prospective CDI before and after intravenous administration of the contrast agent Levovist (Schering, Berlin, Germany). The degree of tumour vascularity was subjectively graded from 0 to IV (indicating an increasing vessel count). Furthermore, peak systolic velocity (PSV), resistive index, and pulsatility index were measured. The CDI findings were then compared with those obtained at histopathological examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intra- and/or peritumoral vessels were detected in 26 lesions (51%) by unenhanced CDI and in 48 by enhanced CDI (94%; P = 0.006, McNemar test). Higher grades of tumour vascularity (grade III and IV) were more common in malignant renal masses (P < 0.01). There were PSVs of >80 cm/s only in malignant lesions. Based on receiver operating characteristic analysis, enhanced CDI (area under the curve 0.789) was more accurate than unenhanced CDI (0.576) for differentiating benign from malignant renal masses (P < 0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enhanced CDI is better than unenhanced CDI for detecting tumour vascularity, and for discriminating between benign and malignant small renal masses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Uroradiology/Radiology II, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria. leo.pallwein@uibk.ac.at
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pallwein
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mitterberger
authors.forename: Friedrick
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aigner
authors.forename: Germar M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Pinggera
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gradl
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Klauser
authors.forename: Ethan J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Halpern
authors.forename: Hannes
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Strasser
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bartsch
authors.forename: Ferdinand
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Frauscher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D011134:Polysaccharides; C059891:SHU 508