title: Emergent behaviors of protector, refugee, and aggressor swarms.
abstract: Simple rules, when executed by individual agents in a large group, or swarm, can lead to complex behaviors that are often difficult or impossible to predict knowing only the rules. However, aggregate behavior is not always unpredictable-even for swarm models said to be beyond analysis. For the class of swarming algorithms examined herein, we analytically identify several possible emergent behaviors and their underlying causes: clustering, drifting, and explosion. They also analyze the likelihood of these behaviors emerging from randomly selected swarm configurations and present a few examples. The analytic results are illustrated via simulation.
authors.forename: Ian A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Gravagne
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Marks
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D025041:Animal Migration / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D017753:Ecosystem; D020387:Food Chain; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012919:Social Behavior