title: EGFR dinucleotide repeat polymorphism as a prognostic indicator in non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been implicated in tumor growth and progression. Intron 1 of the EGFR gene contains a polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) of 14 to 21 CA dinucleotides, the length of which correlates inversely with the level of EGFR transcription. The authors hypothesized that a shorter length of tumor SSR would be associated with poorer survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients enrolled in Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group E3590 (a randomized, prospective trial of adjuvant therapy following resection of stages II and IIIa NSCLC) were randomized to radiation or radiation plus chemotherapy. Genomic DNA extracted from resected tumors was amplified for EGFR intron 1 by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced in a 3730XL DNA analyzer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred fifty-seven primary tumors were sequenced, 106 (68%) of which were heterozygous for intron 1. The most common genotypes were allele lengths of 17/19 dinucleotides (17.8%), 17/18 (11.4%), and 19/19 (11.4%). Allele status (homozygous versus heterozygous) did not correlate with race, gender, weight, performance status, histology, stage, or survival. Shorter allele length (< or =18 versus >18 CA dinucleotide repeats) was associated with squamous cell histology (p = 0.03). Allele sum of greater than 35 was associated with improved overall survival (log-rank p = 0.03, hazard ratio = 0.66).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to characterize the EGFR intron 1 SSR polymorphism in NSCLC. Tumors were most commonly heterozygous for SSR length. Squamous histology was associated with a shorter SSR. Longer sequences are associated with improved survival.
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94115, USA. sdubey@medicine.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Sarita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dubey
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stephenson
authors.forename: Donna E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Judith A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: Joan H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Schiller
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Jill M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kolesar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D018900:Dinucleotide Repeats; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D066246:ErbB Receptors