title: Diagnosis of articular cartilage abnormalities of the knee: prospective clinical evaluation of a 3D water-excitation true FISP sequence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively evaluate the accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) water-excitation true fast imaging with steady-state precession (FISP) in the assessment of cartilage abnormalities of the knee, by using surgery as the reference standard.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was approved by the hospital institutional review board. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients. Twenty-nine patients (30 knees) with a mean age of 56 years (range, 18-86 years) were prospectively evaluated with a sagittal 3D true FISP magnetic resonance (MR) sequence. The mean interval between MR imaging and surgery was 1 day (range, 0-9 days). During surgery, the articular surfaces of the knee were evaluated by using a modified Noyes score. The MR images were evaluated by two blinded readers on two separate occasions. Diagnostic performance was evaluated by setting the cutoff for abnormality between grade 1 (intact cartilage surface) and grade 2 (cartilage defects). Statistical methods used included calculation of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, with 95% confidence intervals (Wilson score method) and calculation of kappa values with standard errors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for the two readers and the two evaluations ranged from 56% to 66%, 78% to 93%, and 71% to 75%, respectively. Interobserver agreement was substantial for both the first (kappa = 0.73) and the second (kappa = 0.65) evaluation. Intraobserver agreement was almost perfect (kappa = 0.84) for reader 1 and moderate (kappa = 0.60) for reader 2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 3D water-excitation true FISP MR sequence allows assessment of the articular cartilage of the knee with moderate-to-high specificity and low-to-moderate sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Balgrist, Forchstrasse 340, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sylvain R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Duc
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Marius R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Wilhelm
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Horger
authors.forename: Juerg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hodler
authors.forename: Christian W A
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Pfirrmann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002357:Cartilage Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000473:pathology*; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water