title: Impact on weight and height with the use of HAART in HIV-infected children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are few data on long-term effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on weight and height in HIV-infected children.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to assess the effect of HAART on the weight and height of HIV-infected children over time in the Madrid cohort, and analyze possible factors associated with the effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective study of HIV-infected children starting HAART in 1997 or later. Serial measurements of weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were performed and converted to z-scores using the Spanish revised reference data. Changes from baseline in weight, height and BMI at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months were determined. Associations of z-scores at the last visit with immunologic (CD4% above 25%) and virologic responses (more than 50% of samples below 400 copies/mL), CDC (Centers for Disease Control) clinical category, and the presence and type of lipodystrophy (lipoatrophy or lipohypertrophy) were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve hundred and twelve children, 97% of them vertically-infected, received HAART starting in 1997 for a median of 71 months (4-102 months). Median age at initiation of HAART was 6 years (1 month-18 years). Thirty-nine percentage were antiretroviral naive and 61% had received NRTI therapy previously. Thirty-two percentage and 53% had CDC class C and immunologic class 3, respectively. At the final evaluation, 24% of children remained on their first combination therapy, 39% on the second and 37% had received at least 3 different HAART regimens. Fifty-one percentage were classified as virologic responders. Thirty-nine percentage of children in this study were diagnosed with lipodystrophy. At baseline, median z-score for weight, height and BMI were -0.45, -0.60 and -0.33, respectively. HAART was associated with significant increases in z-scores of weight and height but not BMI at the different time-points analyzed. Virologic nonresponders had significantly lower z-scores for weight and height but not for BMI. CDC class C was associated with lower z-scores for height. No differences in final measurements were observed for baseline CD4, immunologic response or lipoatrophy. Children with lipohypertophy had a significantly higher BMI at the last visit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV-infected children experienced a continued catch-up in weight and height 5 years after starting HAART. Virologic control is related to sustained growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain. sguillenmartin@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guillén
authors.forename: José Tomás
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Resino
authors.forename: José María
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bellón
authors.forename: María Angeles
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Muñoz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D001827:Body Height / Q000187:drug effects*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents