title: Transcatheter arterial embolization of renal VX-2 carcinoma: ethiodol-ethanol capillary embolization combined with carboplatin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We wanted to determine whether transcatheter Ethiodol-based capillary embolization in combination with carboplatin could improve the efficiency of a 1:1 Ethiodol-ethanol mixture (EEM) to ablate kidneys that been inoculated with VX-2 carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The right kidney in 34 New Zealand white rabbits were inoculated with fresh VX-2 tumor fragments. One week later, the kidneys were subjected to transarterial treatment (4-5 rabbits/group): Saline infusion (Group 1); carboplatin infusion (5 or 10 mg, Groups 2A and 2B); carboplatin-Ethiodol (CE) alone (Group 3) and followed by main renal artery occlusion with ethanol (RAO) (Group 4); carboplatin-EEM (C-EEM) followed by RAO (Group 5); carboplatin infusion followed by EEM plus RAO (Group 6); and EEM followed by RAO (Group 7). The animals were followed for up to 3-weeks. The treated kidneys were evaluated angiographically and macroscopically. The kidneys that showed successful embolization macroscopically were entirely cut into serial sections, and these were examined microscopically. Histologically, the kidneys were evaluated on the basis of the residual tumor found in the serial sections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results obtained with carboplatin infusion alone (Groups 2A and 2B) and CE without RAO (Group 3) were similar to those of the control animals (Group 1). Kidneys from Groups 4-7 demonstrated macroscopically successful embolization with histologically proven complete renal parenchyma infarction; however, some residual tumor was evident in all but one animal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  None of the Ethiodol-based modalities combined with locoregional carboplatin were more efficacious for tumor ablation than EEM alone.
authors.affiliation: Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Unit 057, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX 77030, USA. akonya@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: András
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kónya
authors.forename: Byung Gil
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Carolyn S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Van Pelt
authors.forename: Kenneth C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography; D000818:Animals; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004998:Ethiodized Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D011817:Rabbits; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol; D004998:Ethiodized Oil; D016190:Carboplatin