title: Acoustic analysis and detection of hypernasality using a group delay function.
abstract: In this paper, we describe a group delay-based signal processing technique for the analysis and detection of hypernasal speech. Our preliminary acoustic analysis on nasalized vowels shows that, even though additional resonances are introduced at various frequency locations, the introduction of a new resonance in the low-frequency region (around 250 Hz) is found to be consistent. This observation is further confirmed by a perceptual analysis carried out on vowel sounds that are modified by introducing different nasal resonances, and an acoustic analysis on hypernasal speech. Based on this, for subsequent experiments the focus is given only to the low-frequency region. The additive property of the group delay function can be exploited to resolve two closely spaced formants. However, when the formants are very close with considerably wider bandwidths as in hypernasal speech, the group delay function also fails to resolve. To overcome this, we suggest a band-limited approach to estimate the locations of the formants. Using the band-limited group delay spectrum, we define a new acoustic measure for the detection of hypernasality. Experiments are carried out on the phonemes /a/, /i/, and /u/ uttered by 33 hypernasal speakers and 30 normal speakers. Using the group delay-based acoustic measure, the performance on a hypernasality detection task is found to be 100% for /a/, 88.78% for /i/ and 86.66% for /u/. The effectiveness of this acoustic measure is further cross-verified on a speech data collected in an entirely different recording environment.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Division, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras 600 036, India. pviayalakshmi@iitm.ac.in
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vijayalakshmi
authors.forename: M Ramasubba
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: O'Shaughnessy
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009296:Nasal Cavity; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013018:Sound Spectrography / Q000379:methods*; D013068:Speech Production Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D014681:Velopharyngeal Insufficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D014833:Voice Quality