title: Herpes simplex virus type 2 infection does not influence viral dynamics during early HIV-1 infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to compare baseline and longitudinal plasma HIV-1 loads between herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)-seropositive and -seronegative individuals who are enrolled in a primary HIV-1 infection cohort in San Diego, California.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a retrospective cohort analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We categorized antiretroviral-naive subjects on the basis of HSV-2 serostatus at baseline using an HSV-2 enzyme immunoassay. Low positive results (1.1-3.5) were confirmed by Western blotting. We compared baseline HIV-1 loads of the 2 groups using a linear model. To detect differences in HIV-1 dynamics, we analyzed longitudinal viral loads using a flexible semiparametric model, controlling for the time to antiretroviral therapy and stratifying by HIV-1 infection stage at entry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied 294 adult men. Ninety percent reported sex with men as their main HIV-1 risk factor. The seroprevalence of HSV-2 was 41.5%. The HSV-2-seropositive and -seronegative groups had similar baseline HIV-1 loads during acute infection (5.52 vs. 5.72 log(10) copies/mL; P=.39) and early infection (4.57 vs. 4.67 log(10) copies/mL; P=.5). Longitudinally, the difference in HIV-1 loads between HSV-2-seropositive and -seronegative men remained close to 0 during the first year of infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HSV-2 serostatus has minimal influence on the dynamics of HIV-1 during acute and early HIV-1 infection.
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92103, USA. ecachay@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Edward R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Cachay
authors.forename: Simon D W
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Frost
authors.forename: Douglas D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Richman
authors.forename: Davey M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Susan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Little
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019562:Viral Load