title: Race, ethnicity, and the use of services for mental disorders: results from the National Survey of American Life.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about differences in the unmet need for mental health service use between African Americans and Caribbean blacks.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To extend the National Survey of Black Americans by examining 12-month mental health service use for African Americans and Caribbean blacks from the recently completed National Survey of American Life.
  
  
  METHODS
  National household probability samples of noninstitutionalized African Americans and Caribbean blacks (blacks from Caribbean area countries now living in the United States) conducted between February 2001 and June 2003, using a slightly modified World Mental Health version of the World Health Organization's Composite International Diagnostic Interview.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 3570 African Americans and 1621 Caribbean blacks 18 years and older (N = 5191).
  
  
  METHODS
  Proportion of respondents with 12-month DSM-IV disorders who sought help in the specialty mental health, general medical, human service, and complementary-alternative medicine treatment sectors. The percentage receiving minimally adequate treatment was also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 10.1% of respondents used some form of mental heath care services in the past year. Use of services was much higher among those who met criteria for a 12-month DSM-IV disorder (31.9%) than among those who did not (5.4%). Forty-nine percent of respondents with serious mental illness used services, whereas 39.3% had contact with mental health care specialists. The youngest and oldest age groups were least likely to obtain any services. Among African Americans, women were more likely than men to use general medical care and services from any sector. Respondents with the most years of education showed the highest use of services.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The underuse of mental health services among black Americans remains a serious concern. Educational interventions that focus on both consumers and mental health care professionals are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248, USA. woodyn@umich.edu
authors.forename: Harold W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Neighbors
authors.forename: Cleopatra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caldwell
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Randolph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nesse
authors.forename: Robert Joseph
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Kai McKeever
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Bullard
authors.forename: Myriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jackson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000367:Age Factors; D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017691:Caribbean Region / Q000208:ethnology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006300:Health Services Misuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology