title: Substance P provides neuroprotection in cerebellar granule cells through Akt and MAPK/Erk activation: evidence for the involvement of the delayed rectifier potassium current.
abstract: In the current study, we have evaluated the ability of substance P (SP) and other neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1) agonists to protect, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, primary cultures of rat cerebellar granule cells (CGCs) from serum and potassium deprivation-induced cell death (S-K5). We also established the presence of SP high affinity NK1 transcripts and the NK1 protein localization in the membrane of a sub-population of CGCs. Moreover, SP significantly and dose-dependently reduced the Akt 1/2 and Erk1/2 dephosphorylation induced by S-K5 conditions, as demonstrated by Western blot analysis. Surprisingly, in SP-treated CGCs caspase-3 activity was not inhibited, while the calpain-1 activity was moderately reduced. Corroborating this result, SP blocked calpain-mediated cleavage of tau protein, as demonstrated by the reduced appearance of a diagnostic fragment of 17 kDa by Western blot analysis. In addition, SP induced a significant reduction of the delayed rectifier K+ currents (Ik) in about 42% of the patched neurons, when these were evoked with depolarizing potential steps. Taken together, the present results demonstrate that the activation of NK1 receptors expressed in CGCs promote the neuronal survival via pathways involving Akt and Erk activation and by inhibition of Ik which can contribute to the neuroprotective effect of the peptide.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, CNR, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 65, 00143 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Amadoro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pieri
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Ciotti
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Carunchio
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Canu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Calissano
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zona
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Severini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002154:Calpain / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000502:physiology; D051668:Delayed Rectifier Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004594:Electrophysiology; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008858:Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D051058:Oncogene Protein v-akt / Q000502:physiology; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D011188:Potassium / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018040:Receptors, Neurokinin-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013373:Substance P / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015320:Tachykinins / Q000819:agonists
chemical_list: D051668:Delayed Rectifier Potassium Channels; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D018040:Receptors, Neurokinin-1; D015320:Tachykinins; D013373:Substance P; D051058:Oncogene Protein v-akt; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D002154:Calpain; D020169:Caspases; D011188:Potassium