title: Economic implications of newborn screening for cystic fibrosis: a cost of illness retrospective cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Newborn screening for cystic fibrosis might not be introduced if implementation and running costs are perceived as prohibitive. Compared with clinical diagnosis, newborn screening is associated with clinical benefit and reduced treatment needs. We estimate the potential savings in treatment costs attributable to newborn screening.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the UK Cystic Fibrosis Database, we used a prevalence strategy to undertake a cost of illness retrospective snapshot cohort study. We estimated yearly costs of long-term therapies and intravenous antibiotics for 184 patients who were diagnosed as a result of screening as newborn babies, and 950 patients who were clinically diagnosed aged 1-9 years in 2002. Costs of adding cystic fibrosis screening to an established newborn screening service in Scotland were adjusted to 2002 prices and applied to the UK as a whole. Costs were recalculated in US$.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cost of therapy for patients diagnosed by newborn screening was significantly lower than equivalent therapies for clinically diagnosed patients: mean ($7228 vs $12 008, 95% CI of difference -6736 to -2028, p<0.0001) and median ($352 vs $2442, -1916 to -180, p<0.0001). When we limited the clinically diagnosed group to only those diagnosable with a 31 cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator mutation assay and assumed similar disease progression in the clinically diagnosed group as in the newborn screening group, we showed that mean ($3,397,344) or median ($947,032) drug cost savings could have offset the estimated cost of adding cystic fibrosis to a UK national newborn screening service ($2,971,551).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Including indirect costs savings, newborn screening for cystic fibrosis might have even greater financial benefits to society than our estimate shows. Clinical, social, and now economic evidence suggests that universal newborn screening programmes for cystic fibrosis should be adopted internationally.
authors.affiliation: UK Cystic Fibrosis Database, Division of Maternal and Child Health Sciences, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK. e.sims@uea.ac.uk
authors.forename: Erika J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Sims
authors.forename: Miranda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mugford
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aitken
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McCormick
authors.forename: Gita
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mehta
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016014:Linear Models; D015997:Neonatal Screening / Q000191:economics*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012606:Scotland
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents