title: Expression of cytokeratin 20 in urine cytology smears: a potential marker for the detection of urothelial carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urine cytomorphology is one of the oldest methods for screening and monitoring patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). Sensitivity of urine cytology is relatively low. Ancillary techniques on urine sample may increase the sensitivity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore the utility of cytokeratin 20 (CK20) immunostaining in identifying malignant cells in urine cytology smears.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen cases each of confirmed TCC and benign urinary cytology along with five cases of atypical cells in urine were immunostained with a monoclonal CK20 antibody. Of 14 cases of TCC, 12 showed strong positive staining with the antibody. All benign cases were negative except for a few cases in which the umbrella cells were weakly to moderately positive. In all five cases of atypical urine cytology the atypical cells stained positive with the antibody. These cases were later confirmed as TCC on histopathology of bladder wall biopsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CK20 is an important biomarker that can be used to identify TCC in urine cytology smears. It is particularly useful in those cases where malignancy cannot be confirmed by morphology alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cytology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhatia
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dey
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gautam
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kakkar
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nijhawan
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053554:Keratin-20 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D014556:Urine / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D053554:Keratin-20