title: Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) and biologic therapy: a medical revolution.
abstract: Targeted biologic therapies have revolutionised treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) due to their efficacy, speed of onset and tolerability. The discovery that clinically unrelated conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease, share similar immune dysregulation has led to a shift in the management of IMIDs from one of organ-based symptom relief to mechanism-based treatment. The fact that anticytokine therapy has been effective in treating multiple orphan inflammatory conditions confirms the IMID paradigm. In this review we examine the biologic agents currently licensed for use in the US and Europe: infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, rituximab, abatacept, anakinra, alefacept and efalizumab. We also discuss the rationale behind the management of IMIDs using rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis as examples. For the medical profession, IMID represents a breakthrough in the way pathology is classified. In this burgeoning era of biologic therapy the prospect of complete disease remission is conceivable.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Research Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Annabel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuek
authors.forename: Brian L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Hazleman
authors.forename: Andrew J K
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ostör
mesh_terms: D000069594:Abatacept; D000077944:Alefacept; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015535:Arthritis, Psoriatic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000068582:Certolizumab Pegol; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016527:Drug Costs; D000068800:Etanercept; D006801:Humans; D018796:Immunoconjugates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069285:Infliximab; D010628:Phenetidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069283:Rituximab
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D010628:Phenetidine; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D000069283:Rituximab; D000069594:Abatacept; D000069285:Infliximab; D000077944:Alefacept; D000068800:Etanercept; C003227:propetamide; D000068582:Certolizumab Pegol; C472181:efalizumab