title: 3D vs 2D qualitative and semiquantitative evaluation of the glaucomatous optic disc atrophy using computer-assisted stereophotography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Real colour documentation of the optic nerve head (ONH) is one of the most important methods to identify the early progression of glaucomatous optic nerve damage. This study compares the qualitative and semiquantitative evaluation of ONH photographs, using a 3D time-multiplexing system and conventional 2D photography, visualised on a computer monitor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stereophotographs of the ONH were converted by special software in a 3D file. The same images were shown in 2D and 3D to 22 subjects with different training grades (residents and ophthalmologists). The evaluation based on a standardised questionnaire, containing semiquantitative parameters of the ONH. A weighted score for quality of ONH assessment counted the correct answers of the observers to compare their evaluation in 2D to the one made in 3D.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the observers achieved a significant better evaluation of the ONH with 3D than with 2D images. No significant differences were observed between both groups. Classification errors with respect to the 'gold standard' were lower for 3D measurements as compared with 2D measurements (P=0.007). No significant differences were observed between the gold standard and residents or ophthalmologists for the ONH size, but for the c/dratio the stereoscopic images lead to better results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed a better evaluation of parameters associated with the glaucomatous ONH atrophy with 3D images compared with 2D, independent of the clinical training grade. The computer-based evaluation of the ONH atrophy by using a time-multiplexing system (shutter-glasses) may improve the diagnosis of glaucoma patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany.
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Mardin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martus
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bergua
mesh_terms: D005901:Glaucoma / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D015588:Observer Variation; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy / Q000379:methods; D009896:Optic Atrophy / Q000473:pathology*; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000473:pathology*; D010781:Photography / Q000379:methods*