title: Constitutional thinness and lean anorexia nervosa display opposite concentrations of peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide 1, ghrelin, and leptin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Food intake is controlled by the arcuate nucleus through integration of peripheral hormonal signals such as leptin, ghrelin, peptide YY (PYY), and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). The most common condition resulting in underweight young women in the developed world is restrictive anorexia nervosa (AN). However, constitutional thinness (CT) is also known to exist in the same low-weight range. Women with CT have normal menstrual periods and do not have the psychological or hormonal features of AN. Little is currently known about regulation of food intake in subjects with CT.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We tested the hypothesis that concentrations of leptin, ghrelin, PYY, and GLP-1 in persons with AN are significantly different from those in persons with CT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Concentrations of PYY, GLP-1, ghrelin, and leptin were measured in 3 groups of young women: normal weight (n = 7), CT (n = 10), and AN (n = 12). Samples were collected every 4 h for 24 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PYY concentrations were significantly higher in CT subjects than in AN or control subjects. GLP-1 concentrations were significantly higher in AN than in CT subjects, whereas ghrelin was significantly higher in AN subjects than in control and CT subjects. CT subjects had the lowest ghrelin concentrations. Leptin concentrations were significantly lower in AN subjects. PYY and leptin circadian variations were not significantly different between CT and control subjects, whereas these profiles were blunted in AN subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Orexigenic and anorexigenic hormones in CT contrast with an adaptative profile characterizing AN. The hormones appear to be valuable biomarkers for distinguishing these 2 categories of severely underweight subjects.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Endocrinology and Psychiatry, CHU Saint Etienne, St Etienne, France, and Endocrine Unit, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Natacha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Germain
authors.forename: Bogdan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Galusca
authors.forename: Carel W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Le Roux
authors.forename: Cecile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bossu
authors.forename: Mohammad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ghatei
authors.forename: Francois
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Bloom
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Estour
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000379:methods; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000856:Anorexia Nervosa / Q000097:blood*; D001069:Appetite Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D054439:Ghrelin; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D019894:Peptide YY / Q000097:blood*; D013851:Thinness / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D054439:Ghrelin; D020738:Leptin; D036361:Peptide Hormones; D019894:Peptide YY; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1