title: [Observation and clinical significance of adjuvant chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea in premenopausal breast cancer patients].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A retrospective analysis of 160 pre-menopausal breast cancer patients was carried out to elucidate the the menstrual outcome in those cases who had undergone adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery, and evaluate the relationship between chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea (CIA) and recurrence of the disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  160 pre-menopausal breast cancer patients were collected, 62/159 (39.0%) of them were node positive, 91/158 (57.6%) were ER positive, and 95/155 (61.3%) were PR positive. 111 cases had infiltrative ductal carcinoma, 26 cases had infiltrative lobular carcinoma, and 22 cases with others. In 152 cases data were collected by face-to-face interview and 8 cases by phone conversation. Types and cycles of chemotherapy regimen as well as menstrual abnormalities were recorded before, during, and after chemotherapy completion. Follow up duration was 12-72 months after chemotherapy completion for all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  107 (66.9%) developed CIA, 24 cases returned to normal menses (22.4%), 83 cases continued CIA during more than 12-month follow up (77.6%). The rate of CIA increased with age (P < 0.01). During the follow up, disease free survival (DFS) rate was 85.9% in CIA group and 79.2% in non-CIA group, with no statistically significant difference. But in hormonal receptor positive patients, DFS was 80.0% in non-CIA and 90.1% in CIA, respectively (P = 0.04), showing a significant difference. Because of the small number of died cases, no analysis of the overall outcome was carried out.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adjuvant chemotherapy causes ovarian function suppression, and may further leading to amenorrhoea. Women who experienced amenorrhoea after chemotherapy had a significantly better disease-free survival (DFS) rate showed by univariate analysis than women who continued normal menstruation. Chemotherapy is insufficient therapy for very young patients who are in high risk with hormone responsive disease, particularly when chemotherapy fails to induce amenorrhea. Further research is needed to evaluate interventional chemotherapy to improve the quality of life in women with early stage breast cancer who experienced ovarian toxicity. The post-chemotherapy menstruation status is a clinically valuable, objective and salient marker for sufficient endocrine effect of chemotherapy in ER/PR-positive premenopausal patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncological Chemotherapy, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China. huiping_l@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Hui-ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Li-wen
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Shu-lan
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ting-zhen
authors.initials: TZ
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Hui-jing
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Zhao-hui
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Mo-pei
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Bao-shan
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Sen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: You-fan
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000568:Amenorrhea / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017697:Premenopause; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D004958:Estradiol; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone