title: Mutation of the MAP kinase DYF-5 affects docking and undocking of kinesin-2 motors and reduces their speed in the cilia of Caenorhabditis elegans.
abstract: In the cilia of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, anterograde intraflagellar transport (IFT) is mediated by two kinesin-2 complexes, kinesin II and OSM-3 kinesin. These complexes function together in the cilia middle segments, whereas OSM-3 alone mediates transport in the distal segments. Not much is known about the mechanisms that compartmentalize the kinesin-2 complexes or how transport by both kinesins is coordinated. Here, we identify DYF-5, a conserved MAP kinase that plays a role in these processes. Fluorescence microscopy and EM revealed that the cilia of dyf-5 loss-of-function (lf) animals are elongated and are not properly aligned into the amphid channel. Some cilia do enter the amphid channel, but the distal ends of these cilia show accumulation of proteins. Consistent with these observations, we found that six IFT proteins accumulate in the cilia of dyf-5(lf) mutants. In addition, using genetic analyses and live imaging to measure the motility of IFT proteins, we show that dyf-5 is required to restrict kinesin II to the cilia middle segments. Finally, we show that, in dyf-5(lf) mutants, OSM-3 moves at a reduced speed and is not attached to IFT particles. We propose that DYF-5 plays a role in the undocking of kinesin II from IFT particles and in the docking of OSM-3 onto IFT particles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, and Center for Biomedical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Burghoorn
authors.forename: Martijn P J
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Dekkers
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rademakers
authors.forename: Ton
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Willemsen
authors.forename: Gert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jansen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002923:Cilia / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005407:Flagella / Q000378:metabolism; D016547:Kinesins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D020409:Molecular Motor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D009474:Neurons / Q000201:enzymology; D021381:Protein Transport
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D020409:Molecular Motor Proteins; C093002:OSM-3 protein, C elegans; C074152:kinesin-II; C520016:DYF-5 protein, C elegans; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D016547:Kinesins