title: Disc degeneration in low back pain: a 17-year follow-up study using magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: METHODS
  A prospective, cohort clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of patients with low back pain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study if lumbar disc degeneration (DD), diagnosed in young patients with low back pain by using MRI will predict chronic pain, disc herniation, or functional disability after a 17-year follow-up.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  In 1987, 75 male Finnish conscripts aged 20 years, with low back pain hindering their military service, were studied using MRI at 0.02 T.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2003, 32 patients were reexamined with MRI at 1.0 T. The history of low back illness during the follow-up and current functional outcome were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 1987, 69% of the 32-patient cohort had DD in one or more lumbar discs. In 2003, all subjects had DD in MRI. The mean number of degenerated discs in each subject increased from 1.1 to 3.0. A total of 76% of discs degenerated in 1987 were herniated in 2003, whereas only 29% of well-hydrated discs in 1987 were herniated at the time of follow-up (P = 0.0002). During 17 years of follow-up, 3 patients had undergone spinal surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early DD in adolescent patients with low back pain predicted the evolution of enhanced DD and herniation in adulthood, but it was not associated with severe low back pain or increased frequency of spinal surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Radiology, Central Military Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. eero.waris@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: Eero
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Waris
authors.forename: Marja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eskelin
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hermunen
authors.forename: Olli
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kiviluoto
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Paajanen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D018450:Disease Progression; D005387:Finland; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000473:pathology*; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D013997:Time Factors