title: Targeting the dopamine system in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
abstract: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable condition that affects a significant number of children and adults worldwide. During the past 30 years, the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD has relied on clinical assessment and empirical experience with stimulant medications. More recently, advances in family genetic studies, molecular genetic studies, preclinical research, radiographic imaging techniques and neuropsychological evaluation have significantly enhanced our understanding of the neurobiology of ADHD. This review highlights the current central role of dopamine in the pathophysiology and treatment of ADHD and implications for future advances in diagnosis and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA. stallerj@upstate.edu
authors.forename: Jud A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Staller
authors.forename: Stephen V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Faraone
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004298:Dopamine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D004298:Dopamine