title: Accelerated urinary excretion of methylmercury following administration of its antidote N-acetylcysteine requires Mrp2/Abcc2, the apical multidrug resistance-associated protein.
abstract: N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is a sulfhydryl-containing compound that produces a dramatic acceleration of urinary methylmercury (MeHg) excretion in poisoned mice, but the molecular mechanism for this effect is poorly defined. MeHg readily binds to NAC to form the MeHg-NAC complex, and recent studies indicate that this complex is an excellent substrate for the basolateral organic anion transporter (Oat)-1, Oat1/Slc22a6, thus potentially explaining the uptake from blood into the renal tubular cells. The present study tested the hypothesis that intracellular MeHg is subsequently transported across the apical membrane of the cells into the tubular fluid as a MeHg-NAC complex using the multidrug resistance-associated protein-2 (Mrp2/Abcc2). NAC markedly stimulated urinary [(14)C]MeHg excretion in wild-type Wistar rats, and a second dose of NAC was as effective as the first dose in stimulating MeHg excretion. In contrast with the normal Wistar rats, NAC was much less effective at stimulating urinary MeHg excretion in the Mrp2-deficient (TR-) Wistar rats. The TR- rats excreted only approximately 30% of the MeHg excreted by the wild-type animals. To directly test whether MeHg-NAC is a substrate for Mrp2, studies were carried out in plasma membrane vesicles isolated from livers of TR- and control Wistar rats. Transport of MeHg-NAC was lower in vesicles prepared from TR- rats, whereas transport of MeHg-cysteine was similar in control and TR- rats. These results indicate that Mrp2 is involved in urinary MeHg excretion after NAC administration and suggest that the transported molecule is most likely the MeHg-NAC complex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, 575 Elmwood Avenue, Box EHSC, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Madejczyk
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Aremu
authors.forename: Tracey A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Simmons-Willis
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Clarkson
authors.forename: Nazzareno
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ballatori
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000502:physiology*; D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000931:Antidotes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008767:Methylmercury Compounds / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; C423013:Abcc2 protein, rat; D000931:Antidotes; D008767:Methylmercury Compounds; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000111:Acetylcysteine