title: The effect of adding exenatide to a thiazolidinedione in suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exenatide therapy is effective in combination with metformin or sulfonylureas for treating type 2 diabetes. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) also are commonly used, but the efficacy of exenatide with a TZD has not been reported.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of exenatide versus placebo on glycemic control.
  
  
  METHODS
  Placebo run-in, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted from May 2004 to August 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  49 sites in Canada, Spain, and the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  233 (exenatide group, n = 121; placebo group, n = 112) patients with type 2 diabetes that was suboptimally controlled with TZD treatment (with or without metformin). Mean (+/-SE) baseline glycated hemoglobin A1c level was 7.9% +/- 0.1%.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subcutaneous abdominal injections of 10 microg of exenatide or placebo twice daily, added to a TZD (with or without metformin) for 16 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcome was change from baseline in hemoglobin A1c level. Other outcomes were fasting serum glucose level, body weight, self-monitored blood glucose level, and any adverse events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exenatide treatment reduced hemoglobin A(1c) level (mean difference, -0.98% [95% CI, -1.21% to -0.74%]), serum fasting glucose level (mean difference, -1.69 mmol/L [-30.5 mg/dL] [CI, -2.22 to -1.17 mmol/L {-40.0 to -21.1 mg/dL}]), and body weight (mean difference, -1.51 kg [CI, -2.15 to -0.88 kg]). Sixteen percent of patients in the exenatide group and 2% of patients in the placebo group discontinued treatment because of adverse events. In the exenatide group, 40% (n = 48) of patients experienced nausea (mostly mild [n = 21] or moderate [n = 19]), 13% experienced vomiting, and 11% experienced hypoglycemia. In the placebo group, 15% of patients experienced nausea, 1% experienced vomiting, and 7% experienced hypoglycemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combinations with TZDs and sulfonylureas were not tested. Trial duration was relatively short. Only 71% and 86% of patients in the exenatide and placebo groups, respectively, completed the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exenatide therapy improved glycemic control, reduced body weight, and caused gastrointestinal symptoms more than placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes that was suboptimally controlled with TZD therapy. ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00099320. For more information on exenatide click here.
authors.affiliation: Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. zinman@mshri.on.ca
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zinman
authors.forename: Byron J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Hoogwerf
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Durán García
authors.forename: Denái R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Milton
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Giaconia
authors.forename: Dennis D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Trautmann
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Brodows
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D000077270:Exenatide; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced; D010455:Peptides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014688:Venoms / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D000077270:Exenatide; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008687:Metformin; D010455:Peptides; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014688:Venoms; C089946:2,4-thiazolidinedione