title: Chemical characteristics and immuno-modulating activities of exo-biopolymers produced by Grifola frondosa during submerged fermentation process.
abstract: The immuno-modulating activities and chemical characteristics of exo-biopolymer (EX-GF) produced by a submerged mycelial culture of Grifola frondosa were studied. The EX-GF was fractionated into EX-GF-Fr.I, II, and III by Sephadex G-100 gel chromatography. Anti-complementary activity of EX-GF-Fr.III was highest (71.1%) among them, and its activation system occurred through both classical and alternative pathways, where the classical pathway found to be major one. Lysosomal enzyme activity and nitric oxide production ability of macrophage were also found to be mediated by EX-GF-Fr.III. The molecular weight of the EX-GF-Fr.I, II, and III was estimated to be about 163, 40, and 2.8 kDa, respectively. Total sugar and protein contents of the three fractions were 80.3, 61.9 and 89.3%, and 17.3, 35.2, and 10.7%, respectively. The sugar and amino acid compositions of the EX-GF-Fr.I, II, and III were also analyzed in detail.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Processing & Application of Agricultural Products, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-714, Korea.
authors.forename: Byung-Keun
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Young-Ah
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Yong-Tae
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Hun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Chi-Hyun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001704:Biopolymers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003167:Complement Activation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D048691:Grifola / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000276:immunology; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001704:Biopolymers; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D003165:Complement System Proteins