title: C-terminal provasopressin (copeptin) as a novel and prognostic marker in acute myocardial infarction: Leicester Acute Myocardial Infarction Peptide (LAMP) study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of the vasopressin system after acute myocardial infarction is unclear. Copeptin, the C-terminal part of the vasopressin prohormone, is secreted stoichiometrically with vasopressin. We compared the prognostic value of copeptin and an established marker, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP), after acute myocardial infarction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this prospective single-hospital study, we recruited 980 consecutive post-acute myocardial infarction patients (718 men, median [range] age 66 [24 to 95] years), with follow-up over 342 (range 0 to 764) days. Plasma copeptin was highest on admission (n=132, P<0.001, day 1 versus days 2 to 5) and reached a plateau at days 3 to 5. In the 980 patients, copeptin (measured at days 3 to 5) was elevated in patients who died (n=101) or were readmitted with heart failure (n=49) compared with survivors (median [range] 18.5 [0.6 to 441.0] versus 6.5 [0.3 to 267.0] pmol/L, P<0.0005). With logistic regression analysis, copeptin (odds ratio, 4.14, P<0.0005) and NTproBNP (odds ratio, 2.26, P<0.003) were significant independent predictors of death or heart failure at 60 days. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for copeptin (0.75) and NTproBNP (0.76) were similar. The logistic model with both markers yielded a larger area under the curve (0.84) than for NTproBNP (P<0.013) or copeptin (P<0.003) alone, respectively. Cox modeling predicted death or heart failure with both biomarkers (log copeptin [hazard ratio, 2.33], log NTproBNP [hazard ratio, 2.70]). In patients stratified by NTproBNP (above the median of approximately 900 pmol/L), copeptin above the median (approximately 7 pmol/L) was associated with poorer outcome (P<0.0005). Findings were similar for death and heart failure as individual end points.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The vasopressin system is activated after acute myocardial infarction. Copeptin may predict adverse outcome, especially in those with an elevated NTproBNP (more than approximately 900 pmol/L).
authors.affiliation: University of Leicester, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK.
authors.forename: Sohail Q
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Onkar S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Dhillon
authors.forename: Russell J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Struck
authors.forename: Paulene A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: Nils G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Morgenthaler
authors.forename: Iain B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Squire
authors.forename: Joan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bergmann
authors.forename: Leong L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Ng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019540:Area Under Curve; D015415:Biomarkers; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006020:Glycopeptides / Q000097:blood*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood*; D012372:ROC Curve; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006020:Glycopeptides; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011498:Protein Precursors; C048197:copeptins; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D014667:Vasopressins; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain