title: Craniofacial morphology in Muenke syndrome.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to test whether the severity of the cranial phenotype in Muenke syndrome infants with unicoronal synostosis is greater than in infants with nonsyndromic unicoronal synostosis. A total of 23 infants were included in the study. All infants included in the study had a computed tomography (CT)-verified synostosis of the coronal suture. The patients were either placed into the "Muenke" group (n=11) or the "non-Muenke" control group (n=12) on the basis of a test for the P250R mutation in the FGFR3 gene. On the basis of CT scans, a three-dimensional surface model corresponding to bone was created for each individual. The sutures were inspected for synostosis, and the degree of synostosis was assessed. Increased digital markings were recorded for both groups. Craniofacial morphology was assessed quantitatively using bony landmarks and recording of the midsagittal surface of the calvaria, cranial base, and maxillary complex. Increased digital markings were more severe posteriorly in Muenke patients than in non-Muenke patients. The Muenke patients with unilateral coronal synostosis showed a somewhat more severe asymmetry in the anterior part of the skull than the non-Muenke patients. The study indicates differences with regard to severity of increased digital markings and craniofacial asymmetry between the infants with Muenke syndrome and the infants with nonsyndromic unilateral coronal synostosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Clinical Genetics, School of Dentistry, 3D Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, and the Department of Clinical Genetics, The Juliane Marie Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.
authors.forename: Mette K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: Nuno V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Hermann
authors.forename: Tron A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Darvann
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: Hanne D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Hove
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kreiborg
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D001120:Arginine; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003393:Cranial Sutures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D003398:Craniosynostoses / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D011392:Proline; D051498:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3 / Q000235:genetics; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012744:Sex Ratio; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013577:Syndrome; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D001120:Arginine; D011392:Proline; D051498:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3