title: Allen-Fahey and related experiments support the predominance of cochlear slow-wave otoacoustic emissions.
abstract: Originally proposed as a method for measuring the power gain of the cochlear amplifier, Allen-Fahey experiments compare intracochlear distortion products and ear-canal otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) under tightly controlled conditions. In this paper Allen-Fahey experiments are shown to place significant constraints on the dominant mode of reverse energy propagation within the cochlea. Existing Allen-Fahey experiments are reviewed and shown to contradict the predictions of compression-wave OAE models recently proposed in the literature. In compression-wave models, distortion products propagate from their site of generation to the stapes via longitudinal compression waves in the cochlear fluids (fast waves); in transverse traveling-wave models, by contrast, distortion products propagate primarily via pressure-difference waves whose velocity and other characteristics depend on the mechanical properties of the cochlear partition (slow waves). Compression-wave models predict that the distortion-product OAEs (DPOAEs) measured in the Allen-Fahey paradigm increase at close primary-frequency ratios (or remain constant in the hypothetical absence of tuned suppression). The behavior observed experimentally is just the opposite-a pronounced decrease in DPOAE amplitude at close ratios. Since neither compression-wave nor simple conceptual "hybrid-wave" models can account for the experimental results--whereas slow-wave models can, via systematic changes in distortion-source directionality arising from wave-interference effects--Allen-Fahey and related experiments provide compelling evidence against the predominance of compression-wave OAEs in mammalian cochlear mechanics.
authors.affiliation: Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. shera@epl.meei.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Shera
authors.forename: Arnold
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tubis
authors.forename: Carrick L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Talmadge
authors.forename: Egbert
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.forename: Paul F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Fahey
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Guinan
mesh_terms: D003051:Cochlea / Q000502:physiology*; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D017084:Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous / Q000502:physiology*