title: Islet cell transplantation.
abstract: People with type 1 diabetes have normal exocrine pancreatic function, making islet cell rather than whole organ transplantation an attractive option. Achieving insulin independence in type 1 diabetes was the perceived goal of islet cell transplantation. The success of the Edmonton group in achieving this in a selected group of type 1 patients has led to renewed optimism that this treatment could eventually replace whole organ pancreas transplantation. However the long-term results of this treatment indicate that insulin independence is lost with time in a significant proportion of patients, although they may retain glycaemic stability. In this context, the indications for islet cell transplantation, which have evolved over the last 5 years, indicate that the patients who benefit most are those who experience severe hypoglycaemic reactions despite optimal insulin therapy. This review will summarise the history of islet cell transplantation, islet isolation techniques, the transplant procedure, immunosuppressive therapy, indications for islet cell transplantation, current clinical trials, the early UK islet cell transplant experience using the Edmonton protocol, and some of the challenges that lie ahead.
authors.affiliation: King's College London School of Medicine at King's College Hospital, Institute of Liver Studies and Diabetes Research Group, King's College Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Amiel
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Heaton
mesh_terms: D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000628:therapy*; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000379:methods; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016381:Islets of Langerhans Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D018579:Patient Selection; D014019:Tissue Donors; D009927:Tissue and Organ Procurement / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin