title: Development of a slow non-viral DNA release system from PDLLA scaffolds fabricated using a supercritical CO2 technique.
abstract: Polyamidoamine polymers (PAA) comprising methylene-bisacrylamide/dimethylethylene-diamine monomers were synthesized, complexed with DNA and incorporated into porous P(DL)LA scaffolds by using a supercritical CO(2) (scCO(2)) technique. Scaffolds were made in a dry state consequently there was a need to lyophilize the complexes. A statistically significant reduction of the transfection efficiency was observed in the absence of trehalose when compared to the original complex after freeze-drying. Increasing concentrations (0-10% w/v) of trehalose were added to the complex prior to freeze-drying. Structure dependent differences in DNA binding were evaluated by gel electrophoresis and thermal transition analysis. TEM and PCS showed aggregate formation after freeze-drying without trehalose. Scaffolds were characterized by pore sizes of 173 +/- 73 microm and a porosity of 71%. The transfection potential of the released DNA was investigated by seeding scaffolds with A549 cells and following firefly luciferase as a marker gene after 48 h exposure. Low but continuous levels of transfection were observed for PAA complexes during a 60-day study. Complexes made with Lipofectaminetrade mark gave initially higher levels of DNA release but no further expression was seen after 40 days. Uncomplexed DNA showed background levels of transfection. Culturing cells on 3D scaffolds showed a benefit in retention of transfection activity with time compared to 2D controls. Transfection levels could be increased when cells were grown in OptiMEM. This study demonstrated that PAA/DNA complexes incorporated into a P(DL)LA scaffold made by using scCO(2) processing exhibited a slow release and extended gene expression profile.
authors.affiliation: Division of Advanced Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering, School of Pharmacy, England, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mieke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heyde
authors.forename: Kris A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Partridge
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Howdle
authors.forename: Richard O C
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Oreffo
authors.forename: Martin C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Garnett
authors.forename: Kevin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Shakesheff
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D025924:Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D004247:DNA / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D014162:Transfection / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; C006903:carbopol 940; D004247:DNA