title: Static-dynamic superheated liquid extraction of hydroxytyrosol and other biophenols from alperujo (a semisolid residue of the olive oil industry).
abstract: Hydroxytyrosol and other olive biophenols (OBPs) such as tyrosol, verbascoside, apigenin-7-glucoside, and alpha-taxifolin have been extracted from alperujo by using static-dynamic superheated liquids. Multivariate methodology has been used to carry out a detailed optimization of the extraction. Under the optimal working conditions no further extraction of the target analytes was achieved after 27 min (up to 2800 and 1500 mg/kg of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol, respectively), so complete removal of them within this interval was assumed. The extract was injected into a chromatograph-photodiode array detector assembly for individual separation-quantification. The efficacy of ethanol/water mixtures to extract OBPs from alperujo has been demonstrated and compared with that of a conventional stirring-based method. These less toxic extractant mixtures are of interest with a view to future human uses of OBPs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Córdoba, Campus of Rabanales, Annex C-3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Japón-Luján
authors.forename: María Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Luque de Castro
mesh_terms: D006358:Hot Temperature; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010636:Phenols / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010636:Phenols; D010938:Plant Oils; C005975:3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol