title: Blood pressure and hypertension in an American colony (Puerto Rico) and on the USA mainland compared, 1886-1930.
abstract: We compare blood pressure and hypertension between adult men on the USA mainland and in Puerto Rico born during 1886-1930 to test hypotheses about the link between cardiovascular health and large socioeconomic and political changes in society: (a) 8853 men surveyed in Puerto Rico in 1965 and (b) 1449 non-Hispanic White men surveyed on the mainland during 1971-1975. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and hypertension were regressed separately on demographic and socioeconomic variables and cardiovascular risk factors. Mainland men not taking anti-hypertensive medication showed statistically significant improvements in systolic blood pressure and hypertension at the beginning of the century and men in Puerto Rico showed improvements in diastolic blood pressure but only during the last two quinquenniums. An average man born on the mainland during the last birth quinquennium (1926-1930) had 7.4-8.7 mmHg lower systolic blood pressure and was 61% less likely to have systolic hypertension than one born before 1901. On average Puerto Rican men born during 1921-1925 had approximately 1.7 mmHg lower diastolic blood pressure than men born before 1901. Analyses of secular trends in cardiovascular health complements analyses of secular trends in anthropometric indicators and together provide a fuller view of the changing health status of a population.
authors.affiliation: Heller School, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA. rgodoy@brandeis.edu
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Godoy
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: Clarence
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gravlee
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Levins
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seyfried
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caram
authors.forename: Naveen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jha
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000266:history*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D006291:Health Policy / Q000266:history; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000208:ethnology / Q000266:history; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000266:history / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000266:history; D008297:Male; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D011057:Politics; D011647:Puerto Rico / Q000453:epidemiology; D012907:Smoking; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000266:history / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D002784:Cholesterol