title: Anaerobic biodegradation of 4-alkylphenols in a paddy soil microcosm supplemented with nitrate.
abstract: Anaerobic degradation of phenol, p-cresol, 4-n-propylphenol (n-PP), 4-i-propylphenol (i-PP), 4-n-butylphenol (n-BP) and 4-sec-butylphenol (sec-BP) was observed in a paddy soil supplemented with nitrate. We detected the metabolites 4'-hydroxypropiophenone (HPP) from n-PP, 4-i-propenylphenol from i-PP, and 4-(1-butenyl)phenol and 4'-hydroxybutyrophenone (HBP) from n-BP. Compared with the original soils, Betaproteobacteria became predominant in the microcosm during the degradation of phenol and p-cresol whereas no remarkable change was observed in the community degrading propylphenols and butylphenols. The microcosm, however, did not degrade 4-t-butylphenol (t-BP), 4-t-octylphenol (t-OP) and 4-n-octylphenol (n-OP). Paddy soil supplemented with sulfate or iron (III) as electron acceptors did not degrade phenol and 4-alkylphenols with the exception of the degradation of p-cresol in sulfate-reducing conditions. It was demonstrated for the first time that anaerobic microbial degradation of alkylphenols, in a paddy soil supplemented with nitrate as an electron acceptor, occurred via oxidation of the alpha carbon in the alkyl chain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geotechnical and Environmental Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Koki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toyota
authors.forename: Katsuhide
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: Arata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Katayama
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009566:Nitrates / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D012987:Soil