title: Effect of stromal hydration of clear corneal incisions: quantifying ingress of trypan blue into the anterior chamber after phacoemulsification.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To use trypan blue as a quantifiable ingress tracer to determine whether stromal hydration reduces ocular surface fluid ingress at the end of phacoemulsification.
  
  
  METHODS
  Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Memnagar, Ahmedabad, India.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective randomized study included 80 eyes having phacoemulsification through 2.2 mm incisions. These eyes were divided into 2 equal groups: 1 had stromal hydration (surgery completed by injecting fortified balanced salt solution [BSS Plus] to hydrate the lateral walls and internal entry of incision) and the other had no stromal hydration. One half milliliter of 0.0125% sterile trypan blue was instilled on the ocular surface and allowed to remain for 2 minutes. One-tenth milliliter of aqueous fluid was aspirated from the anterior chamber, and its optical density was measured using ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Logs of dilution of trypan blue were used for statistical analysis using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistically significant decrease and difference between groups in mean dilution of trypan blue in the aqueous aspirate (P<.001). The mean was 1:11,337 in the stromal hydration group and 1:220 in the no stromal hydration group. Logs of mean dilution of trypan blue had statistically significant lower values in the stromal hydration group than in the no stromal hydration group (3.21 and 2.14, respectively) (P<.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stromal hydration of clear corneal incisions reduced ingress into the anterior chamber of the trypan blue instilled on the ocular surface. Clinically, these findings may have a beneficial effect in reducing the risk for postoperative endophthalmitis.
authors.affiliation: Iladevi Cataract and Intraocular Lens Research Centre, Raghudeep Eye Clinic, Memnagar, Ahmedabad, India. icirc@abhayvasavada.com
authors.forename: Abhay R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Vasavada
authors.forename: Mamidipudi R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Praveen
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pandita
authors.forename: Devarshi U
authors.initials: DU
authors.lastname: Gajjar
authors.forename: Vaishali A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Vasavada
authors.forename: Viraj A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Vasavada
authors.forename: Shetal M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Raj
authors.forename: Kaid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Johar
mesh_terms: D000867:Anterior Chamber / Q000378:metabolism*; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D003315:Cornea / Q000601:surgery; D003319:Corneal Stroma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D004338:Drug Combinations; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000517:prevention & control; D005978:Glutathione / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular; D008875:Middle Aged; D018918:Phacoemulsification; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D014343:Trypan Blue / Q000378:metabolism*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D004396:Coloring Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; C013003:glutathione-bicarbonate-Ringer solution; D005978:Glutathione; D014343:Trypan Blue