title: Orbital fractures complicated by late enophthalmos: higher prevalence in patients with multiple trauma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present our experience with orbital fracture treatment outcomes in patients with multiple trauma and those suffering localized orbital trauma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective data review of all patients examined for ocular motility problems and/or enophthalmos following orbital trauma in a 4-year period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-three patients were included in the study: 31 (72%) had localized orbital trauma (LOT) and 12 (28%) had concomitant traumatic insults to other organs (MT). More orbital walls were affected in MT patients than in LOT patients, and the incidence of zygomatic fracture was higher in MT patients. Late enopthalmos was much more prevalent in the MT group compared with the LOT group. Differences of outcome of extra ocular motility disturbance between groups in our series did not reach statistical significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of more walls affected and higher incidence of zygomatic fractures in MT patients probably represent a stronger impact of the original insult, causing both more damage to other organs and more severe damage to the orbit. The increased rate of late enophthalmos in MT patients may be associated with their primary presentation to the emergency room with potentially life-threatening injuries. Under such circumstances, thorough ophthalmologic examination is nearly impossible, both because the patient cannot cooperate sufficiently and because medical priorities dictate concentration on taking care of the injuries threatening life. The lack of a thorough ophthalmic examination prevents early comprehensive treatment.
authors.affiliation: The Alberto Moscona Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel. zayder@netvision.net.il
authors.forename: Nir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Seider
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gilboa
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Ruthy Schaul
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Hadar
authors.forename: Itzchak
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Beiran
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015841:Enophthalmos / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D009917:Orbital Fractures / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome