title: Impacts of boat paint chips on the distribution and availability of copper in an English ria.
abstract: Discarded paint chips collected from a leisure boat maintenance facility on the Kingsbridge estuary, SW England, have been fractionated to <63 microm and chemically characterised. At about 16% by weight, Cu was the most abundant metallic component, reflecting its biocidal application in antifouling paint. Bioavailability of Cu in the chips, determined by protein digestion, was about 4%, and sea water leachability was about 8%. Copper concentrations in fractionated intertidal sediment from the estuary were highly variable (<10-460 microg g(-1)). Specifically, greatest concentrations and greatest variability among replicates were found in samples collected near boat maintenance facilities. Bioavailability of Cu in sediment averaged 7% but was also variable. We attribute Cu "hot spots" to heterogeneous contamination of local sediment by small quantities of paint chips. Contamination may arise directly, from relatively inert particulates, or indirectly, via release of Cu from chips to interstitial waters and its subsequent adsorption to local sediment.
authors.affiliation: School of Earth, Ocean and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK. aturner@plymouth.ac.uk
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fitzer
authors.forename: Gillian A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Glegg
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000032:analysis*; D004739:England; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D010150:Paint; D010316:Particle Size; D012767:Ships; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D003300:Copper