title: Human antibody against C domain of tenascin-C visualizes murine atherosclerotic plaques ex vivo.
abstract: Targeting proteins that are overexpressed in atherosclerotic plaques may open novel diagnostic applications. The C domain of tenascin-C is absent from normal adult tissues but can be inserted during tumor progression or tissue repair into the molecule by alternative splicing. We tested the ability of the human antibody G11, specific to this antigen, to reveal murine atherosclerotic plaques ex vivo. The antibody directed against the extra domain B of fibronectin (L19) was used as a reference.
  
  
  METHODS
  We intravenously injected (125)I-labeled G11 or L19 antibodies into apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice and harvested the aortae 4 or 24 h later. En face analyses of distal aortae and longitudinal sections of the aortic arch were performed to compare antibody uptake using autoradiography with plaque staining using oil red O. Plaque macrophages were detected by immunohistochemistry (anti-CD68 staining). Biodistribution of injected antibodies was investigated in aortae and blood at 4 and 24 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  En face analyses revealed a significant correlation between radiolabeled G11 and fat-stained areas, increasing from 4 to 24 h, with a correlation coefficient of 0.92 (P < 0.0001) and an average signal-to-noise ratio of 104:1 at 24 h. Plaque imaging using L19 showed similar results (r = 0.86; P < 0.0001; signal-to-noise ratio, 72:1 at 24 h). Uptake of radiolabeled antibodies in histologic sections colocalized with fat staining and activated macrophages in aortic plaques. Biodistribution analyses confirmed specific accumulation in aortic plaques as well as rapid blood pool clearance of the antibodies 24 h after injection. Immunofluorescence analyses revealed increased expression of tenascin and fibronectin isoforms in macrophage-rich plaques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The antibody G11, specific to the C domain of tenascin-C, visualizes murine atherosclerotic plaques ex vivo. In conjunction with the increased expression of the C domain of tenascin-C in macrophage-rich plaques, the colocalization of G11 uptake with activated macrophages, and the favorable target-to-blood ratio at 24 h, this antibody may be useful for molecular imaging of advanced atherosclerotic plaques in the intact organism.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: von Lukowicz
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Silacci
authors.forename: Matthias T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Wyss
authors.forename: Eveline
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Trachsel
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lohmann
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buck
authors.forename: Thomas F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Lüscher
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Neri
authors.forename: Christian M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Matter
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000737:chemistry; D001011:Aorta / Q000473:pathology; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D019063:Tenascin / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D019063:Tenascin