title: Death of an order: a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic study confirms that termites are eusocial cockroaches.
abstract: Termites are instantly recognizable mound-builders and house-eaters: their complex social lifestyles have made them incredibly successful throughout the tropics. Although known as 'white ants', they are not ants and their relationships with other insects remain unclear. Our molecular phylogenetic analyses, the most comprehensive yet attempted, show that termites are social cockroaches, no longer meriting being classified as a separate order (Isoptera) from the cockroaches (Blattodea). Instead, we propose that they should be treated as a family (Termitidae) of cockroaches. It is surprising to find that a group of wood-feeding cockroaches has evolved full sociality, as other ecologically dominant fully social insects (e.g. ants, social bees and social wasps) have evolved from solitary predatory wasps.
authors.affiliation: Soil Biodiversity Group, Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK.
authors.forename: Daegan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Inward
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Beccaloni
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eggleton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D003058:Cockroaches / Q000145:classification*; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics; D020049:Isoptera / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012919:Social Behavior; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D006657:Histones