title: APOC3 promoter polymorphisms C-482T and T-455C are associated with the metabolic syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the growing epidemic of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), few studies have evaluated genetic polymorphisms associated with the MetS phenotype. One candidate, APOC3, modulates lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and the promoter polymorphisms C-482T/T-455C are associated with loss of insulin downregulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty two consecutive MetS cases were matched by age, sex and race in a 1:1 case-control design to evaluate the prevalence of common polymorphisms in the following candidate genes: APOC3, APOE, B3AR, FABP2, GNB3, LPL, and PPARalpha and PPARgamma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to controls, MetS subjects exhibited a greater prevalence of APOC3 promoter polymorphisms. Specifically, the frequency of the variant C-482T and T-455C alleles was 70.5 and 81.9% of cases compared to 43.4 and 54.1% in controls, respectively (p <0.0001). Overall, APOC3 promoter variants were associated with a greater likelihood of MetS compared to wild type [C-482T (OR: 4.3; 95% CI: 2.2, 8.6 [p <0.0001]), T-455C (OR: 3.6; 95% CI: 2.0, 6.7 [p <0.0001])]. No material differences were identified between the other genetic variants tested and prevalence of MetS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data, therefore, suggest that the APOC3 promoter polymorphisms C-482T and T-455C are associated with the MetS.
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland Hospital and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. mmiller@medicine.umaryland.edu
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rhyne
authors.forename: Hegang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Beach
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ericson
authors.forename: Kalpana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Luthra
authors.forename: Manjari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dwivedi
authors.forename: Anoop
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Misra
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D053305:Apolipoprotein C-III / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D053305:Apolipoprotein C-III