title: MUC4 expression in non-small cell lung carcinomas: relationship to tumor histology and patient survival.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mucin 4 (MUC4) is a high-molecular-weight membrane-bound glycoprotein that is expressed in the foregut before epithelial differentiation. It is found in normal adult airway epithelium, non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and in other human malignancies independent of mucus secretion. Although its tissue distribution has been studied, its utility in predicting prognosis in NSCLC is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the relationship between MUC4 overexpression and long-term survival in patients with NSCLC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical staining for MUC4 was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 343 cases of NSCLC arranged in a high-density tissue microarray. Information about long-term survival and tumor stage was collected for all patients. Semiquantitative assessment of MUC4 staining was correlated with survival (Kaplan-Meier analysis).
  
  
  RESULTS
  MUC4 was frequently expressed in adenocarcinomas (151/187 [81%]), squamous cell carcinomas (69/ 88 [78%]), adenosquamous carcinomas (6/8 [75%]), and large cell carcinomas (33/60 [55%]). High levels of expression (combined score, 2+/3+) for MUC4 were more characteristic of adenocarcinomas (126/187 [68%]) and adenosquamous carcinomas (6/8 [75%]) than of squamous cell carcinomas (46/88 [52%]) and large cell carcinomas (17/60 [28%]) (P < .001). In patients with stage I and II adenocarcinoma, there was a trend toward longer patient survival with higher levels of MUC4 immunoreactivity compared with lower levels (P = .11).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MUC4 expression is common in pulmonary adenocarcinomas and may indicate a more favorable prognosis in early-stage adenocarcinomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex, USA.
authors.forename: Kun Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Jae Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Ro
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Singhal
authors.forename: Deanna E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Killen
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sienko
authors.forename: Timothy C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Dani S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Zander
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barrios
authors.forename: Abida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haque
authors.forename: Philip T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Cagle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055264:Mucin-4; D009077:Mucins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C524658:MUC4 protein, human; D055264:Mucin-4; D009077:Mucins