title: LRRK2 and Parkinson's disease in Norway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mutations in the LRRK2 gene have been associated with both familial and sporadic late-onset Parkinson's disease. A large number of mutations in this gene have been identified; however, for many of these variants, the pathogenicity and relative frequency are unknown. Herein, we investigate the frequency of a number of recently identified LRRK2 mutations in Norway.
  
  
  METHODS
  We genotyped eight putatively pathogenic LRRK2 mutations (R793M, R1067Q, I1371V, IVS31+3 A>G, M1869T, R1941H, T2356I and G2385R) in a series of 433 patients with Parkinson's disease and 587 controls from Norway. An intronic polymorphism previously reported to be associated with disease susceptibility was also examined (rs10506151).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Lrrk2 R793M substitution was found in two healthy individuals. No other LRRK2 mutations were identified in the Norwegian population, and furthermore no association was observed between rs10506151 and Parkinson's disease (P = 0.41).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LRRK2 mutations other than the Lrrk2 G2019S mutation are rare in Norway. Our results indicate that the Lrrk2 R793M substitution is most likely a rare polymorphism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. mathias.toft@rikshospitalet.no
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toft
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Haugarvoll
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Farrer
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Aasly
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005820:Genetic Testing; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns / Q000235:genetics; D000071158:Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D009664:Norway / Q000208:ethnology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; C495280:LRRK2 protein, human; D000071158:Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases