title: The association between microalbuminuria and metabolic syndrome in the general population in Japan: the Takahata study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease and mortality. However, the association between microalbuminuria and the metabolic syndrome has not yet been reported in the general population in Japan. Therefore, we undertook a population-based study to examine the association between microalbuminuria and the metabolic syndrome in Takahata, Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects of this cross-sectional study were individuals aged from 40 to 87 years old. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to the criteria of the Adult Treatment Panel III. Microalbuminuria was defined as a urine albumin-creatinine ratio of 30 to 300 mg/g.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2,321 subjects (mean age 64 years old) were entered into the final analysis. Among them, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and microalbuminuria was 16.5% and 13.7%, respectively. There was a significantly positive correlation between the number of components of the metabolic syndrome and the corresponding prevalence of microalbuminuria (p<0.001). In the subjects with metabolic syndrome compared with those without metabolic syndrome, the age- and gender-adjusted odds ratio of microalbuminuria was 1.99 (95% CI, 1.49-2.66). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that high glucose, high blood pressure and obesity were independently associated with microalbuminuria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study revealed a strong relationship between microalbuminuria and the metabolic syndrome in the general population in Japan. More comprehensive and intensive management of the metabolic syndrome at its early stage is important to prevent the progression of renal injury and cardiovascular complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.
authors.forename: Zhimei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Tsuneo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Konta
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takasaki
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abiko
authors.forename: Mizue
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Ami
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Kazunobu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: Sumio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawata
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kubota
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000517:prevention & control; D008019:Life Style / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D011336:Probability; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016482:Urinalysis