title: Congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle: a case report.
abstract: Congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle is a rare entity of unknown aetiology. Its pathogenesis is related to the embryology of the clavicle. We present a 6-year-old girl with congenital pseudarthrosis of the right clavicle. A prominence was noticed at birth between the middle and distal ends of the clavicle that increased in size when the right shoulder was actively mobilised. Radiographic examination revealed a hypertrophic pseudarthrosis of the clavicle. The pseudarthrosis was resected and the clavicular segments were fixed with an external fixator for 2 months until union. Clinical results were excellent at the 7-year follow-up: the right shoulder was pain-free and the appearance satisfactory. Surgical treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle in children using an external fixator provides a better cosmetic outcome with smaller postoperative scars and avoids a second surgical procedure to remove the implants.
authors.affiliation: Second Orthopaedic Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Beslikas
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Dadoukis
authors.forename: I P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Gigis
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Nenopoulos
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Christoforides
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002968:Clavicle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D016267:External Fixators; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011542:Pseudarthrosis / Q000151:congenital* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D011859:Radiography