title: Modulation of soleus H-reflex by presynaptic spinal mechanisms during varying surface and ankle brace conditions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Reflex excitability is modulated in part by presynaptic spinal mechanisms. Presynaptic inhibition may prevent an over-response of the motoneuron pool to afferent information. A paired-reflex depression (PRD) conditioning protocol can be used to monitor reflex plasticity. Manipulation of stance, surface, and external bracing are common methods of rehabilitating and treating lower extremity musculoskeletal injuries. The intent of this study was to evaluate changes in PRD of the soleus H-reflex during single-leg stance under varying stability conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven trials were completed for each condition in ten healthy volunteers (age=23+/-1.8 yr, weight 65.0+/-11.3 kg, height=168.7+/-28.0 cm). The conditioning stimuli were composed of soleus H-reflex pairs evoked 80 ms apart at an equal intensity. The mean percent decrease of the second H-reflex relative to the first represented PRD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 2 x 2 repeated measures ANOVA (P<0.05) was used to evaluate influence of surface (foam, no foam) and support (semi-rigid ankle brace, no ankle brace) on PRD. Main effects testing revealed a significantly greater soleus PRD (P=.034) for the foam surface (62.5%) compared the flat surface (57.5%). Ankle brace application did not influence soleus PRD (P=0.63).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increase in soleus PRD during the foam condition suggests depression of the motoneuron pool. This may lessen postural over-corrections while maintaining upright stance during less stable conditions. No change in PRD during the ankle brace condition suggests that mechanical reinforcement provided an increase in ankle stability, decreasing the demand on the motoneuron pool.
authors.affiliation: Biodynamics Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, The University of North Carolina, Charlotte NC 28223, USA. jmsefton@uncc.edu
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sefton
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hicks-Little
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Koceja
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cordova
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000842:Ankle / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D001915:Braces; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D006181:H-Reflex / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D017661:Receptors, Presynaptic / Q000502:physiology*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D017661:Receptors, Presynaptic