title: Midazolam anesthesia during rigid and flexible cystoscopy.
abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the usefulness and safety of midazolam-induced anesthesia for cystoscopy. From September 2005 to March 2006, 80 patients scheduled for regular outpatient follow-up cystoscopy participated in this study. The patients were randomized and classified according to the cystoscope type and midazolam use as follows: group 1 (10 men and 10 women), flexible cystoscopy + midazolam; group 2 (10 men and 10 women), flexible cystoscopy + no midazolam; group 3 (10 men and 10 women), rigid cystoscopy + midazolam; and group 4 (10 men and 10 women), rigid cystoscopy + no midazolam. Immediately after the procedure, the patients were asked to rate their comfort level using a ten-point visual linear analog self-assessment pain scale. The patients assigned in the midazolam group experienced no side-effects from the midazolam. Blood pressure and pulse rate did not change significantly during the procedure. The degree of pain experienced by group 1 was lower than other groups (P < 0.05) and group 4 had a significantly greater pain score than other groups (P < 0.05). No difference was evident between group 2 and 3 regarding the pain score. Midazolam anesthesia may relieve pain during rigid and flexible cystoscopy. Our findings suggest that midazolam anesthesia during cystoscopy is useful and safe.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yun Seob
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Eun Seop
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Kong Jo
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ja Hyeon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ku
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020684:Cystoscopes / Q000009:adverse effects; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D010147:Pain Measurement
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D008874:Midazolam