Body composition in young standardbreds in training: relationships to body condition score, physiological and locomotor variables during exercise.
BACKGROUND
Body composition is an essential factor in athletic performance of human sprinters and long distance runners. However, in horses, many questions remain concerning relationships between body composition and performance in the different equine activities.


OBJECTIVE
To determine relationships between body composition, body score, physiological and locomotor variables in a population of young Standardbreds in training.


METHODS
Twenty-four 2-year-old Standardbreds were studied, body condition on a scale 0-5 and bodyweight recorded, and height at withers measured. Percentage of fat (%F), fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) were estimated echographically. During a standardised exercise test on the track, velocity, heart rate, respiratory frequency and blood lactate concentrations were measured. V4 and V200 (velocity for a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol/l and velocity of 200 beats/min) calculated. Basic gait variables were measured at 3 different speeds with an accelerometric device.


RESULTS
Body composition variables: %F and FM were significantly related to body condition score and physiological variables. Body score was highly correlated to %F (r = 0.64) and FM (r = 0.71). V4 was negatively correlated to %F (r = -0.59) and FM (r = -0.60), P<0.05. V200 was also negatively related to %F and FM, (r = -0.39 and r = -0.37, respectively, P<0.1). No relationships were found between body composition and gait characteristics.


CONCLUSIONS
Body composition was closely related to indirect measurements of aerobic capacity, which is a major factor of athletic performance in middle distance running horses.


CONCLUSIONS
As in human athletes, trainers should take special note to evaluate optimal bodyweight and body composition of race horses to optimise performance.
Leleu
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Pégase Mayenne, Departement de Médecine du Sport, Centre Hospitalier, 53 015 Laval, France.
Cotrel
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D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D001824:Body Constitution / Q000502:physiology*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*
D007773:Lactates