title: Structure-function relationships of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase: fidelity, replication speed, and initiation mechanism determined by a residue in the ribose-binding pocket.
abstract: Studies of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) from poliovirus (PV), 3Dpol, have shown that Asn-297 permits this enzyme to distinguish ribose from 2'-deoxyribose. All animal RNA viruses have Asn at the structurally homologous position of their polymerases, suggesting a conserved function for this residue. However, all prokaryotic RNA viruses have Glu at this position. In the presence of Mg2+, the apparent affinity of Glu-297 3Dpol for 2'-deoxyribonucleotides was decreased by 6-fold relative to wild type without a substantial difference in the fidelity of 2'-dNMP incorporation. The fidelity of ribonucleotide misincorporation for Glu-297 3Dpol was reduced by 14-fold relative to wild type. A 4- to 11-fold reduction in the rate of ribonucleotide incorporation was observed. Glu-297 PV was unable to grow in HeLa cells due to a replication defect equivalent to that observed for a mutant PV encoding an inactive polymerase. Evaluation of the protein-(VPg)-primed initiation reaction showed that only half of the Glu-297 3Dpol initiation complexes were capable of producing VPg-pUpU product and that the overall yield of uridylylated VPg products was reduced by 20-fold relative to wild-type enzyme, a circumstance attributable to a reduced affinity for UTP. These studies identify the first RdRp derivative with a mutator phenotype and provide a mechanistic basis for the elevated mutation frequency of RNA phage relative to animal RNA viruses observed in culture. Although protein-primed initiation and RNA-primed elongation complexes employ the same polymerase active site, the functional differences reported here imply significant structural differences between these complexes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
authors.forename: Victoria S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Korneeva
authors.forename: Craig E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Cameron
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001216:Asparagine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D009154:Mutation; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D017955:Poliovirus / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D012324:RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D009711:Nucleotides; D014764:Viral Proteins; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D001216:Asparagine; D012324:RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase