title: Is vagus nerve stimulation a treatment option for patients with drug-resistant idiopathic generalized epilepsy?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The value of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) for treating patients with drug-resistant idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) is not well documented.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients (2 males, 10 females) with a mean age of 31 years (11-48 years) and with drug-resistant IGE had VNS implanted in the period 1995-2006. All had generalized seizures documented by video-electroencephalogram. Mean follow-up period was 23 months (9-54 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a total seizure reduction of 61% (P = 0.0002). There was 62% reduction of generalized tonic-clonic seizures (P = 0.0020), 58% of absences (P = 0.0003) and 40% of myoclonic seizures (P = 0.0156). Eight patients were considered responders (>50% seizure reduction); two of these patients became seizure-free. Five out of seven patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy were responders. At the last follow-up visit, the patients had reduced the anti-epileptic drug (AED) usage from an average of 2.3 to 1.7 AED per patient (P = 0.0625). Two patients are currently being treated with VNS therapy only. Nine patients reported side effects, which were mostly mild and tended to diminish over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that adjunctive VNS therapy is a favourable treatment option for patients with drug-resistant IGE. Rapid cycling seems worth trying in some of the non-responders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurodiagnostics, National Centre for Epilepsy, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Rikshospitalet University Hospital Oslo, Norway. hrisimir.kostov@epilepsy.no
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kostov
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Røste
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000592:standards; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004831:Epilepsies, Myoclonic / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D004829:Epilepsy, Generalized / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004830:Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000502:physiology*; D017833:Visceral Afferents / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants