title: Delayed massive epistaxis following endonasal transsphenoidal surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe delayed massive epistaxis, a rare but serious complication after transsphenoidal surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two patients underwent microscopic transsphenoidal surgery through a right endonasal approach for nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma. Severe epistaxis suddenly developed on day 8 and on day 13, respectively, after uneventful surgery. In each patient, the epistaxis was due to arterial haemorrhage from the left posterior nasal cavity. Otolarygologists failed to detect the origin of bleeding which was refractory to conservative treatment. Emergency internal carotid or external carotid angiography, performed during tight packing of the posterior nasal cavity, did not show abnormal findings; nevertheless, each patient was treated successfully by endovascular embolisation of the external carotid artery without further complication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When severe delayed epistaxis follows transsphenoidal surgery and damage to the internal carotid artery has been ruled out, endovascular embolisation of the external carotid artery should be considered in patients refractory to conservative treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishioka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haraoka
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000601:surgery*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D004844:Epistaxis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008438:Maxillary Artery; D008875:Middle Aged; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000601:surgery*; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D013997:Time Factors