title: Acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement by alveolar corticotomy in the dog.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tooth movement and alveolar bone reaction after corticotomies have not been thoroughly examined. In this study, the effects of corticotomies on orthodontic tooth movement and alveolar bone reaction were investigated in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Corticotomies were performed on the cortical bone of the mandibular left third premolar region in 12 male adult beagles. The third premolars on the left experimental side and on the right sham side were moved mesially with a continuous force of 0.5 N.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tooth movement velocities from 0 to 1 week and from 1 to 2 weeks after the corticotomies were significantly faster on the experimental side than on the sham side. Hyalinization of the periodontal ligament appeared only at 1 week after the corticotomies on the experimental sides, whereas it was observed from 1 to 4 weeks after the corticotomies on the sham sides. Tartrate-resistant-acid-phosphatase positive cells of the experimental side tended to work vigorously at an early time on the alveolar wall and in the bone marrow cavities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Orthodontic tooth movement increased for at least 2 weeks after the corticotomies. This might be brought about by rapid alveolar bone reaction in the bone marrow cavities, which leads to less hyalinization of the periodontal ligament on the alveolar wall.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Center of Developmental Dentistry, Medical and Dental Hospital, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Shoichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iino
authors.forename: Sumio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakoda
authors.forename: Gakuji
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishimori
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Shouichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyawaki
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis*; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D000818:Animals; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology; D010919:Placebos; D011859:Radiography; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; D013997:Time Factors; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D010919:Placebos; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase