title: Low-molecular-weight heparin for prevention of thrombosis: inverted role.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heparin induced thrombosis (HIT) after low-molecular-weight (LMWH) administration for thrombosis prevention is a limb and life threatening condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two previously healthy individuals, with nonviable forearm amputation and knee osteoarthritis, suffered from multiple arterial thromboses (>2 sites each) after postoperative administration of LMWH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both patients suffered from thrombocytopenia on the first postoperative days (4-7) and had signs of arterial occlusions on the 9th and 10th postoperative days. The patient with the initially successful forearm replantation was finally amputated below the elbow, whereas the lower extremity of the patient with total knee arthroplasty and contralateral femoral artery occlusion was salvaged with foot fingers amputation only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early recognition of the syndrome by monitoring daily platelet counts during heparin therapy is essential. In case of postheparin (LMWH or unfractionated) platelet decrease, heparin administration should be ceased after emergency testing for heparin induced antibodies. When HIT syndrome is confirmed to have occurred, heparin/LMWH must be replaced with thrombin-specific inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessalia, 22 Papakiriazi St, Larissa 41222, Greece. dailiana@med.uth.gr
authors.forename: Zoe H
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Dailiana
authors.forename: Konstantinos N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Malizos
authors.forename: Sokratis
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Varitimidis
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hantes
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Basdekis
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rigopoulos
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000671:Amputation, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007083:Iliac Artery / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010976:Platelet Count; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017131:Thrombectomy / Q000379:methods; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight