title: The contribution of methotrexate exposure and host factors on transcriptional variance in human liver.
abstract: Long-term administration of methotrexate (MTX) for management of chronic inflammatory diseases is associated with risk of liver damage. In this study, we examined the transcriptional profiles of livers from patients treated with MTX. The possibility that expression signatures correlate with grade of fibrosis or underlying rheumatic disease was evaluated. Twenty-seven patients taking MTX were accrued for this study. Ten non-MTX-exposed normal liver specimens were used as controls. Global mRNA expression was assayed using oligonucleotide arrays. A total of 205 genes were significantly altered in MTX-exposed livers. Six of these genes were validated by qPCR. Two genes, CLN8 and ANKH that map to chromosomal locations previously associated with rheumatoid arthritis, were found to be elevated in MTX-exposed samples. Subsequent pathway analysis indicates that MTX exposure is associated with the following key alterations: (1) upregulation of lipid biosynthetic genes, consistent with MTX-induced steatosis, (2) downregulation of proinflammatory chemokines, consistent with the anti-inflammatory effects of MTX, and (3) elevation of complement pathway gene expression. Complement 5, shown earlier to be correlated with liver fibrosis in mice, was found to be elevated (twofold) in MTX-exposed livers. In conclusion, we have found the expression of a number of genes associated with rheumatic disease and/or MTX exposure to be significantly different. Differences in complement expression provide the rationale for future correlative studies between MTX-induced liver fibrosis and C5 alleles in order to identify patients with increased risk for fibrosis.
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-3101, USA.
authors.forename: Glenn S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Belinsky
authors.forename: Ann L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Parke
authors.forename: Qihong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Kerry
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blanchard
authors.forename: Supriya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jayadev
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stoll
authors.forename: Marti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rothe
authors.forename: Luke E K
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Achenie
authors.forename: Rishi R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: George Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Daniel W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000473:pathology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003167:Complement Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005493:Folic Acid Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D012313:RNA / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D005493:Folic Acid Antagonists; D012313:RNA; D008727:Methotrexate