title: Stearidonic acid increases the red blood cell and heart eicosapentaenoic acid content in dogs.
abstract: Plant sources of omega-3 fatty acids (FA) are needed that can materially raise tissue levels of long-chain omega-3 FA [i.e., eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 20:6n-3)]. Stearidonic acid (SDA; 18:4n-3) is the delta-6 desaturase product of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3), and when fed to humans, increases red blood cell (RBC) content of EPA to a greater extent than does ALA. This study was undertaken to determine the dose-dependence and time course of the increase in the EPA and DHA content of the heart and RBC in dogs. Adult male Beagles were fed 21, 64, or 193 mg/kg of SDA in in their food daily for up to 12 weeks. Positive and negative controls were given EPA (43 mg/kg) or high oleic acid sunflower oil, respectively. The baseline EPA content of RBC was 0.38 +/- 0.03% which increased (P<0.01) in a dose-dependent manner, with the high dose of SDA and EPA achieving levels of 1.33 +/- 0.26 and 1.55. +/- 0.28%, respectively. In the heart, the content of EPA rose from 0.06 +/- 0.01 to 1.24 +/- 0.22% in the EPA group and to 0.81 +/- 0.32% in the high SDA group (both P<0.01). In both tissues, DHA did not change. Compared to dietary EPA, SDA was 20-23% as efficient in raising tissue EPA levels. In conclusion, SDA supplementation increased the EPA content of RBC and heart and may have utility as a plant-based source of omega-3 FA.
authors.affiliation: Mid America Heart Institute, Saint Luke's Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA. Bill.Harris@usd.edu
authors.forename: William S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Maureen A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: DiRienzo
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Sands
authors.forename: Cherian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Philip G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Alex K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Eapen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; C062895:stearidonic acid