title: Xom interacts with and stimulates transcriptional activity of LEF1/TCFs: implications for ventral cell fate determination during vertebrate embryogenesis.
abstract: LEF1/TCFs are high mobility group box-containing transcriptional factors mediating canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling during early embryogenesis and tumorigenesis. Beta-catenin forms a complex with LEF1/TCFs and transactivates LEF1/TCF-mediated transcriptions during dorsalization. Although LEF-mediated transcription is also implicated in ventralization, the underlying molecular mechanism is not well understood. Using the vertebrate Xenopus laevis model system, we found that Xom, which is a ventralizing homeobox protein with dual roles of transcriptional activation and repression, forms a complex with LEF1/TCF through its homeodomain and transactivates LEF1/TCF-mediated transcription through its N-terminal transactivation domain (TAD). Our data show that Xom lacking the N-terminal TAD fails to transactivate ventral genes, such as BMP4 and Xom itself, but retains the ability to suppress transcriptional activation of dorsal gene promoters, such as the Goosecoid promoter, indicating that transactivation and repression are separable functions of Xom. It has been postulated that Xom forms a positive re-enforcement loop with BMP4 to promote ventralization and to suppress dorsal gene expression. Consistent with an essential role of Xom transactivation of LEF1/TCFs during early embryogenesis, we found that expression of the dominant-negative Xom mutant that lacks the TAD fails to re-enforce the ventral signaling of BMP4 and causes a catastrophic effect during gastrulation. Our data suggest that the functional interaction of Xom and LEF1/TCF-factors is essential for ventral cell fate determination and that LEF1/TCF factors may function as a point of convergence to mediate the combined signaling of Wnt/beta-catenin and BMP4/Xom pathways during early embryogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giese
authors.forename: Zhenglun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019521:Body Patterning; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000502:physiology; D047108:Embryonic Development; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051821:Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1 / Q000502:physiology*; D009154:Mutation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D029867:Xenopus Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology*; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D051821:Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin; C525812:bmp4 protein, Xenopus; C099992:ventx2.1 protein, Xenopus; C495248:wnt8a protein, Xenopus