title: Homeobox gene HOP has a potential tumor suppressive activity in human lung cancer.
abstract: The homeobox containing gene HOP (Homeodomain Only Protein) was identified in the developing heart and lung where it functions downstream of Nkx2.5 and Nkx2.1 to modulate cardiac and lung gene expression. Previously, we found that HOP was downregulated in lung cancer. In this study, we constructed an expression vector containing the full-length cDNA of HOP and transfected it into a lung cancer cell line H2170. Stable transfection led to an increased expression of HOP confirmed by Northern blot analysis. HOP positive transfectants remarkably reduced the growth rate and the ability of anchorage-independent growth in soft agar, and moreover suppressed the tumor formation in nude mice compared to controls. Transient transfection of Nkx2.1 into H2170 resulted in the overexpression of HOP, and correspondingly, siRNA silencing of Nkx2.1 reduced the expression of HOP in lung cancer cells. Treatment with a differentiation modulating agent 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) led to restoration of HOP expression in a small cell lung cancer cell line H526. In 29 paired primary lung tumor samples, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis was performed by using the 3 microsatellite markers D4S189, D4S231 and D4S392 around the region of chromosome 4q12 where HOP locates. LOH was only found in 4 out 23 cases (17.4%) indicating that allelic loss is a rare genetic event not responsible for the downregulation of HOP in lung cancer. Taken together, our data suggest that HOP is a potential tumor suppressor possibly involved in lung cancer differentiation, and functions downstream of Nkx2.1.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Charité, Schumannstr 20-21, D-10098 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pacyna-Gengelbach
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Deutschmann
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Niesporek
authors.forename: Iver
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Petersen
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division; D017931:DNA Primers; D020868:Gene Silencing; D005801:Genes, Homeobox; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C012589:trichostatin A; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine