title: Immobilization and bioactivity of glucose oxidase in hydrogel microspheres formulated by an emulsification-internal gelation-adsorption-polyelectrolyte coating method.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop a novel microsphere formulation of glucose oxidase (GOX) with high drug loading, encapsulation efficiency and bioactivity. GOX was encapsulated in alginate/chitosan microspheres (ACMS) using an emulsification-internal gelation, followed by GOX adsorption and polyelectrolyte coating method. The factors influencing GOX loading, encapsulation efficiency and activity of the loaded GOX were investigated. The resultant ACMS in wet state were spherical with a mean diameter of about 138 microm. GOX loading was found to be pH dependent. High GOX loading and encapsulation efficiency were achieved when the pH of the adsorption medium was lower than the isoelectric point (pI) of GOX. GOX loading and encapsulation efficiency increased with increasing GOX concentration in the loading solution, but decreased with increasing chitosan concentration in the coating solution. The activity of loaded GOX increased and then decreased with increasing chitosan concentration. The activity of GOX in ACMS was maintained and showed sustained production of H(2)O(2) as compared to free GOX. Around 90% of the original activity of immobilized GOX remained after lyophilization and storage at -20 degrees C for a month. These results suggest that the ACMS and the fabrication method are suitable for microencapsulation of proteins like GOX.
authors.affiliation: Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto,144 College Street, Toronto, Ont., Canada M5S 3M2.
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Andrew Michael
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Rauth
authors.forename: Xiao Yu
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry; D004655:Emulsions; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008863:Microspheres; D010316:Particle Size
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D004655:Emulsions; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D020100:Hydrogels; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D048271:Chitosan; D005949:Glucose Oxidase