title: High infusion pressure in conjunction with vitreous surgery alters the morphology and function of the retina of rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of high infusion pressure in conjunction with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) on retinal morphology and function in rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pars plana vitrectomy was performed under urethane (0.8 mg/kg) anaesthesia in the right eye of albino rabbits following phacoemulsification and aspiration (PEA). The left eyes were not touched. After PEA, the animals were divided into two groups. In six eyes, intraocular pressure (IOP) was increased to 80 mmHg for 30 mins (high-pressure group) and in five eyes IOP was maintained at 40 mmHg for 30 mins (low-pressure group). The IOPs were regulated by the height of the bottle of balanced salt solution (BSS) and monitored with a pressure transducer. After the pressure elevation, vitreous fluid was collected to measure the glutamate concentration. Then, PPV was performed for 15 mins in both groups under an infusion pressure of 40 mmHg. In five additional rabbits, PEA alone was performed in the right eye, and vitreous fluid was collected (PEA group). Functional alterations were assessed by recording visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and electroretinograms (ERGs). Ten days after the IOP changes, the animals were killed with intravenous pentobarbital sodium and the eyes were prepared for histological analysis. Damage to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was quantified by counting the number of cells in the ganglion cell layer (GCL). The contralateral eyes in the high-pressure group served as controls (n = 6).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean implicit time (IT) of the VEPs in the high-pressure group was significantly longer than that before the IOP elevation, by 114-124% (p < 0.05, paired t-test), and also than that of control eyes (p < 0.05, anova followed by t-test). No significant changes in the VEPs were detected in either the low-pressure group or the PEA group. There were significantly fewer cells in the GCL in the high-pressure group (24.7/mm) than in the control animals (41.4/mm; p < 0.05, Dunnett's test). The number of cells in the GCL in the low-pressure and PEA groups did not significantly differ to that in the controls. The amplitudes of the ERG a- and b-waves were not significantly changed (p > 0.05, paired t-test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that high infusion pressure in conjunction with PPV leads to morphological and functional changes in the retina. The absence of ERG changes and presence of VEP changes suggest that these changes were due to damage to RGCs, which supports the morphological observations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: Hidehiro
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oku
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okuno
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukuhara
authors.forename: Tsunehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikeda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002452:Cell Count; D004322:Drainage; D004596:Electroretinography; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000150:complications*; D018918:Phacoemulsification; D011817:Rabbits; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D014821:Vitrectomy; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D018698:Glutamic Acid