title: Penile prosthesis implantation in cases of fibrosis: ultrasound-guided cavernotomy and sheathed trochar excavation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Implantation of a penile prosthesis into fibrosed corpora cavernosa is a difficult and risky procedure. Specialized instruments that assist safer and more efficient excavation include Otis Urethrotome and various cavernotomes, all of which operate underneath the tunica albuginea, out of sight. The blind use of such instruments can result in perforation of the tunica albuginea or injury to the urethra.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This work describes the utility of ultrasonography for adding visual monitoring to any of the above-mentioned instruments, maintaining them in the mid-corpus cavernosum position to avoid perforation, and describes the application of alternative sheathed, sharp instruments that allow fast, efficient, and visually monitored drilling into fibrous tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical outcome data were examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgery was performed on five cases with extensive fibrosis of the penis. Initial blunt dilatation by Hegar dilators faced considerable resistance. An ultrasound probe was applied to the ventral aspect of the penis. A laparoscopy sheath was advanced under ultrasound guidance up to the fibrous tissue. A sharp laparoscopy trochar was inserted through the sheath. Its tip was oriented in the mid-corpus cavernosum by longitudinal and transverse sonography sections, as it drilled into the fibrous tissue. Laparoscopy scissors were used in the same fashion to cut fibrous tissue lumps. After full excavation, penile prosthesis was implanted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All implants survived adequately. No complications occurred following implantation. Operative time ranged from 50 to 60 minutes. No difficulty was encountered at excavation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasound guidance can be a handy adjunct to any of the available techniques developed for excavating the fibrosed corpora cavernosa, with a possible decrease in difficulty and complication rate of the procedure. Utility of sheathed, sharp instruments guided by sonography is an alternative to the cavernotomes, allowing fast and efficient drilling into fibrous tissue.
authors.affiliation: Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. Electronic address: dr-osama@link.net.
authors.forename: Osama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Shaeer
mesh_terms: D005355:Fibrosis / Q000601:surgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D019935:Penile Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D015917:Penile Prosthesis; D010413:Penis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*