title: Eap1p, an adhesin that mediates Candida albicans biofilm formation in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: Candida albicans is the leading cause of systemic fungal infections in immunocompromised humans. The ability to form biofilms on surfaces in the host or on implanted medical devices enhances C. albicans virulence, leading to antimicrobial resistance and providing a reservoir for infection. Biofilm formation is a complex multicellular process consisting of cell adhesion, cell growth, morphogenic switching between yeast form and filamentous states, and quorum sensing. Here we describe the role of the C. albicans EAP1 gene, which encodes a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored, glucan-cross-linked cell wall protein, in adhesion and biofilm formation in vitro and in vivo. Deleting EAP1 reduced cell adhesion to polystyrene and epithelial cells in a gene dosage-dependent manner. Furthermore, EAP1 expression was required for C. albicans biofilm formation in an in vitro parallel plate flow chamber model and in an in vivo rat central venous catheter model. EAP1 expression was upregulated in biofilm-associated cells in vitro and in vivo. Our results illustrate an association between Eap1p-mediated adhesion and biofilm formation in vitro and in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Svarovsky
authors.forename: Amy J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: Joel P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Marchillo
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Oshel
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Andes
authors.forename: Sean P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Palecek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018441:Biofilms; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000382:microbiology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology*; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D005936:Glucans / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D005936:Glucans