title: Strong association of interleukin-4 (-590 C/T) polymorphism with increased risk for oral squamous cell carcinoma in Europeans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was performed to investigate the possible association of -590 C/T polymorphism in the interleukin-4 (IL-4) gene which affects its expression with the risk for development of oral cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polymerase chain reaction-based restriction analysis was performed in DNA samples of 156 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and 162 healthy control subjects of equivalent gender, age, and ethnicity (Greek and German). Statistical analyses were performed conducting Fisher exact test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The T/T genotype was associated with an increased risk for the development of OSCC (P = .018; OR 1.47, 95% CI 0.66-3.28), especially for early stages of this malignancy (P < .0001; OR 3.17, 95% CI 1.31-7.65).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The above findings are consistent with the growth-promoting role of IL-4 in head and neck cancer and its inhibitory effect on neoangiogenesis and metastasis. The present study in Europeans is not in accordance with a previous report of unclear association of this polymorphism in a Chinese population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece. lvairakt@med.uoa.gr
authors.forename: Eleftherios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vairaktaris
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yannopoulos
authors.forename: Stavros
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vassiliou
authors.forename: Zoe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Serefoglou
authors.forename: Antonis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vylliotis
authors.forename: Emeka
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nkenke
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Critselis
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Avgoustidis
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yapijakis
authors.forename: Friedrich W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Neukam
authors.forename: Efstratios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Patsouris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D015847:Interleukin-4