title: Access site hematoma requiring blood transfusion predicts mortality in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: data from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Dynamic Registry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine both the etiology of and outcomes associated with access site hematoma requiring transfusion (HRT) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Access site hematoma in the setting of PCI is the most frequent periprocedural complication (2-12%). Antiplatelet and antithrombin therapy is designed to lower the incidence of adverse ischemic events while maintaining an acceptable rate of hemorrhagic complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, multi-center, cohort study of consecutive patients undergoing PCI during 3 NHLBI Dynamic Registry recruitment waves (1997-2002). The primary endpoints included the incidence of HRT, in-hospital death, and death at 1-year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of HRT was 1.8% and femoral access was common. Older age, lower BMI, female sex, concomitant renal, cerebrovascular, peripheral vascular, and pulmonary disease were significantly associated with HRT. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, thrombolytic therapy, and postprocedure heparin were more commonly used in HRT patients, but there was no difference in thienopiridiene use. Attempted lesions in patients developing HRT were more often calcified, thrombotic, located in an ostial location, or class B2 or C. In-hospital mortality and 1-year death rate was 9 and 4.5 times higher in HRT patients respectively. Following adjustment, HRT remained independently associated with in-hospital mortality (OR 3.59, 95% CI 1.66-7.77) and 1-year death (hazard ratio [HR] 1.65, 95% CI 1.01-2.70, P = 0.048). Independent predictors of HRT included age, female sex, IIb/IIIa inhibitors, thrombolytic agents, and concomitant conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Access site complications, especially HRT, remain a very important predictor of adverse procedural success and patient outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, New York University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Leonid
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yatskar
authors.forename: Faith
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Selzer
authors.forename: Fredrick
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Feit
authors.forename: Howard A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Alice K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: David O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Slater
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000150:complications; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006406:Hematoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012107:Research Design; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors