title: The galaninergic enteric nervous system of pleuronectiformes (Pisces, Osteichthyes): an immunohistochemical and confocal laser scanning immunofluorescence study.
abstract: The galaninergic enteric nervous system of three flatfishes was studied using immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence methods. Galanin-like immunoreactivity was mainly detected within the enteric intramural neurons of the stomachs and the proximal intestines. The sole, Solea solea L. and the flounder, Platichthys flesus L. showed a similar occurrence and relative distribution of galaninergic intramural neurons. Rare nervous fibre immunoreactive to the anti-galanin serum were observed in the muscular layers of the oesophagus of the turbot, Psetta maxima L. The presence and relative abundance of galanin-like immunoreactive neurons in the remaining organs of the alimentary canal of the turbot showed a different pattern in comparison to those observed in the sole and the flounder. A galanin-like peptide was detected in nerve fibres running through the exocrine parenchyma of the pancreas of all three species. It is conceivable that the galaninergic system in these species plays a role in regulating gut muscle activity, and in controlling pancreatic secretion. Galanin and choline acetyltransferase were co-localized within the same neurons of the stomach and intestine. The result confirms the hypothesis that galanin in the gut of fish functions as a cholinergic modulator. Differently from other fish species, immunoreactive endocrine cells were not detected in the studied pleuronectiformes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Sciences and Technologies for Food Safety, University of Milan, via Trentacoste n. 2, I-20134 Milan, Italy. Giampaolo.Bosi@unimi.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bosi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bermùdez
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Domeneghini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005412:Flatfishes / Q000502:physiology*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D019004:Galanin / Q000378:metabolism*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000294:innervation* / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D019004:Galanin