title: Phenology, distribution, and host specificity of Solenopsis invicta virus-1.
abstract: Studies were conducted to examine the phenology, geographic distribution, and host specificity of the Solenopsis invicta virus-1 (SINV-1). Two genotypes examined, SINV-1 and -1A, exhibited similar seasonal prevalence patterns. Infection rates among colonies of S. invicta in Gainesville, Florida, were lowest from early winter (December) to early spring (April) increasing rapidly in late spring (May) and remaining high through August before declining again in the fall (September/October). Correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between mean monthly temperature and SINV-1 (p<0.0005, r=0.82) and SINV-1A (p<0.0001, r=0.86) infection rates in S. invicta colonies. SINV-1 was widely distributed among S. invicta populations. The virus was detected in S. invicta from Argentina and from all U.S. states examined, with the exception of New Mexico. SINV-1 and -1A were also detected in other Solenopsis species. SINV-1 was detected in Solenopsis richteri and the S. invicta/richteri hybrid collected from northern Alabama and Solenopsis geminata from Florida. SINV-1A was detected in S. geminata and Solenopsis carolinensis in Florida and the S. invicta/richteri hybrid in Alabama. Of the 1989 arthropods collected from 6 pitfall trap experiments from Gainesville and Williston, Florida, none except S. invicta tested positive for SINV-1 or SINV-1A. SINV-1 did not appear to infect or replicate within Sf9 or Dm-2 cells in vitro. The number of SINV-1 genome copies did not significantly increase over the course of the experiment, nor were any cytopathic effects observed. Phylogenetic analyses of SINV-1/-1A nucleotide sequences indicated significant divergence between viruses collected from Argentina and the U.S.
authors.affiliation: Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, 1600 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA. svalles@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Valles
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Strong
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Oi
authors.forename: Sanford D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: Roberto M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Robert K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Vander Meer
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Linda M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Hooper-Bùi
authors.forename: Hussein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Arroyo
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Vedham
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Karpakakunjaram
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Vail
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Fudd Graham
authors.forename: Juan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Briano
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Calcaterra
authors.forename: Lawrence E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: Rufina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Jason B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: Glenn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001000:Ants / Q000821:virology*; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D010849:Picornaviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000662:veterinary; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction