title: HIV risk behaviors among rural stimulant users: variation by gender and race/ethnicity.
abstract: We examined data from a community sample of rural stimulant users (n = 691) in three diverse states to identify gender and racial/ethnic differences in HIV risk behaviors. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were conducted with six risk behaviors as dependent variables: injecting drugs, trading sex to obtain money or drugs, trading money or drugs to obtain sex, inconsistent condom use, multiple sex partners, and using drugs with sex. Controlling for state, income, age, heavy drinking, and type of stimulant used, men had lower odds than women for trading sex to obtain money or drugs (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =0.4, confidence interval [CI] = 0.28-0.59; p < .0001), greater odds than women for trading money or drugs to obtain sex (AOR = 44.4, CI = 20.30-97.09; p < .0001), greater odds than women of injecting drugs (adjusted odds ratio (AOR =1.6, CI = 1.11-2.42; p = .01), and lower odds than women of using condoms inconsistently (AOR = 0.6, CI = 0.35-0.92; p = .02); African Americans had lower odds than Whites of injecting drugs (AOR = .08, CI = 0.04-0.16; p < .0001), greater odds than Whites for trading sex to obtain money or drugs (AOR = 1.7, CI = 1.01-2.85; p = .04) and for trading money or drugs to obtain sex (AOR = 2.9, CI = 1.53-5.59; p = .001), and greater odds than Whites of using drugs with sex (AOR = 3.9, CI = 1.47-10.09; p = .006). These findings indicate HIV prevention efforts should be tailored to address gender and racial/ethnic differences in risk behaviors among rural stimulant users.
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Services Research, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA. wrightpatriciab@uams.edu
authors.forename: Patricia B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Katharine E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Ellen P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: Russel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Falck
authors.forename: Jichuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Carl G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Leukefeld
authors.forename: Brenda M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Booth
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012424:Rural Population; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States