title: Detecting an association between socioeconomic status and late stage breast cancer using spatial analysis and area-based measures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and late stage breast cancer using the cluster detection software SaTScan and U.S. census-derived area-based socioeconomic measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Florida's 18,683 women diagnosed with late stage breast cancer (regional or distant stage) between 1998 and 2002 as identified by Florida's population-based, statewide, incidence registry were analyzed by SaTScan to identify areas of higher-than-expected incidence. The relationship between SES and late stage breast cancer was assessed at the neighborhood (block group) level by combining the SaTScan results with area-based SES data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SaTScan identified 767 of Florida's 9,112 block groups that had higher-than-expected incidence of late stage breast cancer. After controlling for patient level insurance status, county level mammography prevalence, and urban/rural residence in the logistic regression model, women living in neighborhoods of severe and near poverty were respectively 3.0 and 1.6 times more likely to live in areas of higher-than-expected incidence of late stage breast cancer when compared with women living in nonpoverty. Additionally, areas in the lowest quartile of mammography usage were almost seven times more likely to have higher-than-expected incidence than areas in the higher quartiles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to confirming the importance of mammography, results from the present study suggest that "where" you live plays an important role in defining the risk of presenting with late stage breast cancer. Additional research is urgently needed to understand this risk and to leverage the strengths and resources present in all communities to lower the late stage breast cancer burden.
authors.affiliation: Florida Cancer Data System, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P.O. Box 016960 (D4-11), Miami, FL 33101, USA. jill_mackinnon@miami.edu
authors.forename: Jill Amlong
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: MacKinnon
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: Youjie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Lora E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: Lydia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Voti
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rudolph
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012042:Registries; D012923:Social Class; D012984:Software