title: Management of long toe flexor spasticity in the equinus foot in cerebral palsy.
abstract: Toe flexor tightness becomes apparent in the plantigrade attitude achieved by isolated tendoachilles lengthening in cerebral palsy. This frequently persists, resulting in abnormal weight-bearing on the tips of the toes. To address this problem, at the time of limited tendoachilles lengthening, we performed Z-lengthenings of the flexor hallucis longus and the flexor digitorum longus tendons above the medial malleolus, preserving the pulley mechanism. From January 1998 to October 2001, 41 children (74 feet) with cerebral palsy underwent lengthening of the tendoachilles and long toe flexor tendons. The mean age at surgery was 7 years. The correction achieved was successfully maintained long-term, permitting a normal heel-metatarsal head weight-bearing pattern. Lengthening of the long toe flexors, in conjuction with tendoachilles lengthening, is an effective means of achieving a balanced foot in cerebral palsy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Schneider Children's Hospital, New Hyde Park, New York, USA. jhandelsman@verizon.net
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Handelsman
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weinberg
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Corso
mesh_terms: D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004863:Equinus Deformity / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000209:etiology*; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods; D013710:Tendons / Q000601:surgery*; D014034:Toes