title: Pneumatosis intestinalis with pneumoperitoneum mimicking intestinal perforation in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
abstract: Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) is an uncommon disorder characterized by an accumulation of gas in the bowel wall, and has been associated with a variety of disorders and procedures. We describe a 35-year-old man who undertook hematopoietic stem cell transplantation due to myelodysplastic syndrome. An abdominal X-ray demonstrated extensive PI with pneumoperitoneum mimicking hollow organ perforation. However, the patient had no abdominal symptoms and there was no evidence of peritoneal inflammation. After two weeks of conservative management, including bowel rest and antibiotics, his pneumoperitoneum resolved spontaneously without any complications. Of the many factors that affect the gastrointestinal tract mucosal integrity, intramural pressure, and bacterial flora-produced intraluminal gas interact to produce PI. If the condition is accompanied by bowel ischemia, portomesenteric venous gas, metabolic acidosis, and abdominal sepsis, or if PI is severe in extent immediate surgical intervention is indicated. The described case supports that a mechanical rather than a bacterial etiology underlies the pathogenesis of PI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul National University Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Bhumsuk
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Keam
authors.forename: Jeong-Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Myoung-Don
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Inho
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sung-Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Byoung Kook
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seonyang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007416:Intestinal Perforation / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D009190:Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D011006:Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D011027:Pneumoperitoneum / Q000175:diagnosis*