title: Risk factors for malignancy in Japanese renal transplant recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Among recipients of renal transplants, the incidences of renal cancer and gastrointestinal cancer are higher and that of skin cancer is much lower in Japan than in Europe and North America.
  
  
  METHODS
  The risk factors for the development of malignant tumors were examined in Japanese recipients of renal transplants. A total of 556 patients underwent renal transplantation at the Department of Urology, Osaka University Faculty of Medicine between March 1, 1965, and April 31, 2004. Of these patients, 366 were retrospectively studied in whom risk factors potentially related to the development of malignancy could be evaluated on the basis of medical records. The incidence of malignancy, survival rate, and risk factors for malignancy were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall incidence of malignancy was 6.8% (25/366 patients). Six of the 25 patients with malignancy died of cancer, but there was no correlation between the occurrence of malignancy and the survival rate (P = .8058, log-rank test). A Cox proportional-hazards model identified treatment with tacrolimus (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.376; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.647-11.627; P = .0031) and age at transplantation (HR = 1.562; 95% CI: 1.089-2.240; P = .0155) as risk factors for malignancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of multivariate analysis suggested that age at transplantation and the use of tacrolimus were independent risk factors for the development of malignancy in recipients of renal transplants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imao
authors.forename: Naotsugu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ichimaru
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahara
authors.forename: Yukito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kokado
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okumi
authors.forename: Ryoichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.forename: Yukiomi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Namba
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Isaka
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nonomura
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okuyama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000009:adverse effects; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007564:Japan; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D001379:Azathioprine; D016559:Tacrolimus