title: 5-HTTLPR biases amygdala activity in response to masked facial expressions in major depression.
abstract: The amygdala is a key structure in a limbic circuit involved in the rapid and unconscious processing of facial emotions. Increased amygdala reactivity has been discussed in the context of major depression. Recent studies reported that amygdala activity during conscious emotion processing is modulated by a functional polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) in healthy subjects. In the present study, amygdala reactivity to displays of emotional faces was measured by means of fMRI at 3T in 35 patients with major depression and 32 healthy controls. Conscious awareness of the emotional stimuli was prevented via backward-masking to investigate automatic emotion processing. All subjects were genotyped for the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism. Risk allele carriers (S or L(G)) demonstrated increased amygdala reactivity to masked emotional faces, which in turn was significantly correlated with life-time psychiatric hospitalization as an index of chronicity. This might indicate that genetic variations of the serotonin transporter could increase the risk for depression chronification via altering limbic neural activity on a preattentive level of emotion processing.
authors.affiliation: [1] 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany [2] 2IZKF-Research Group 4, IZKF Münster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Udo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Dannlowski
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ohrmann
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deckert
authors.forename: Christa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hohoff
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kugel
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Arolt
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Heindel
authors.forename: Anette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kersting
authors.forename: Bernhard T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Baune
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suslow
mesh_terms: D000679:Amygdala / Q000502:physiology*; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001364:Awareness; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D004644:Emotions; D005149:Facial Expression; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012016:Reference Values; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; C493230:SLC6A4 protein, human; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins