title: Telemonitoring or structured telephone support programmes for patients with chronic heart failure: systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether remote monitoring (structured telephone support or telemonitoring) without regular clinic or home visits improves outcomes for patients with chronic heart failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  15 electronic databases, hand searches of previous studies, and contact with authors and experts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two investigators independently screened the results.
  
  
  METHODS
  Published randomised controlled trials comparing remote monitoring programmes with usual care in patients with chronic heart failure managed within the community.
  
  
  RESULTS
  14 randomised controlled trials (4264 patients) of remote monitoring met the inclusion criteria: four evaluated telemonitoring, nine evaluated structured telephone support, and one evaluated both. Remote monitoring programmes reduced the rates of admission to hospital for chronic heart failure by 21% (95% confidence interval 11% to 31%) and all cause mortality by 20% (8% to 31%); of the six trials evaluating health related quality of life three reported significant benefits with remote monitoring, and of the four studies examining healthcare costs with structured telephone support three reported reduced cost and one no effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Programmes for chronic heart failure that include remote monitoring have a positive effect on clinical outcomes in community dwelling patients with chronic heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Robyn A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Sally C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Inglis
authors.forename: Finlay A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: McAlister
authors.forename: John G F
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Cleland
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stewart
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D019114:Remote Consultation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D013689:Telephone; D016896:Treatment Outcome