title: Surgery of lymphatic malformations in oral and cervicofacial regions in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to determine prognostic factors and complication rates related to the surgical management of lymphatic malformations of oral and cervicofacial regions in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  The charts of 117 children operated on for oral and cervicofacial lymphatic malformations were retrospectively reviewed. Treatment outcomes were analyzed for correlation with several factors, including age at presentation, sex, associated symptoms, anatomical site of involvement, extent of disease, operative complications, histological pattern, and recurrence. The chi(2) test was used to compare treatment failure rates and complication rates between patients with and without these factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The tongue was the most frequent site of involvement (40.17%). The lesions with oral and facial involvement had a higher failure or recurrence rate (29.23%) than those with cervical involvement (8.33%; P < .05), and lesions with involvement of multiple sites had a higher recurrence rate (48.28%) than those with involvement of a single site or 2 sites (11.67%; P < .01). Although patients who underwent surgical procedure at less than 1 year of age had a higher recurrence rate (28.95%) than those more than 1 year (19.61%) of age, and microcystic lesions had a higher recurrence rate (28.33%) than macrocystic lesions (13.79%), no significant difference was found between them (P > .05). The lesions with involvement of 3 or more sites had significantly higher operative complication rates (37.8%) than those with involvement of 1 or 2 sites (15.58%; P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Factors correlated with a worse prognosis in lymphatic malformations of oral and cervicofacial regions include the involvement of the oral cavity and/or face and involvement of multiple anatomical sites, which also may be associated with higher operative complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Min
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Xing-Xing
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Zhi-Jun
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Wen-Feng
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yi-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002610:Cheek / Q000601:surgery; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D044148:Lymphatic Abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D009333:Neck / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012008:Recurrence; D019233:Retreatment; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014059:Tongue / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome