title: The in vitro effect of six antimicrobials against Mycoplasma putrefaciens, Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides LC and Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum isolated from sheep and goats in Jordan.
abstract: Respiratory disease in sheep and goats is a major problem in Jordan and is often associated with Mycoplasma species. Without effective vaccines, control is mainly by chemotherapy, but the uncontrolled use of antimicrobials has led to concerns about the potential development of antimicrobial resistance. The in vitro effect of chloramphenicol, florfenicol, enrofloxacin, tylosin, erythromycin and oxytetracycline was determined against 32 isolates of Mycoplasma species-M. mycoides subsp. mycoides LC (6), M. capricolum subsp. capricolum (8) and M. putrefaciens (18), all isolated from either nasal swabs or milk, from sheep and goats in different regions of Jordan. The antimicrobial susceptibility showed some Mycoplasma species-specific differences, with M. capricolum subsp. capricolum being more susceptible to tylosin and erythromycin. Chloramphenicol and florfenicol were the least effective for all three Mycoplasma species. No trends or significant differences in antimicrobial susceptibilities were observed between sheep and goat isolates, between milk or nasal swab isolates, or between isolates from different regions of Jordan. Some isolates of M. capricolum subsp. capricolum and M. putrefaciens showed higher MIC levels with oxytetracycline, as did two isolates of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides LC with tylosin, possibly indicating signs of development of antimicrobial resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Kings College London, London.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Al-Momani
authors.forename: R A J
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Nicholas
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Janakat
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Abu-Basha
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Ayling
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D006041:Goats; D007597:Jordan; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D008892:Milk / Q000382:microbiology; D009174:Mycoplasma / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D009175:Mycoplasma Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000382:microbiology; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents