title: Extravasation of albumin after cardiopulmonary bypass in newborns.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The systemic inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) possibly increases microvascular permeability to plasma proteins, leading to capillary leak syndrome. The study was conducted to elucidate any protein leakage in newborns using Evans blue dye as tracer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-affiliated heart center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven neonates with transposition of the great arteries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, fractional escape rate (FER) of an intravenous bolus of Evans blue, and colloid osmotic pressure (COP) were assessed before and after surgery (statistics: median and 25th-75th percentile, Friedman's 2-way analysis of variance, and Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test [before and after surgery]).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients had an uneventful intraoperative course. The demographic and operative data were age 11 (10-13) days, body weight 3.2 (3.0-3.3) kg, CPB time 132 (123-144) minutes, and aortic cross-clamp time 66 (64-78) minutes. The proinflammatory IL-6 increased 60-fold and the anti-inflammatory IL-10 only 3-fold after CPB. FER, however, was not changed, whereas COP was significantly reduced after CPB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to the expectation, the escape rate of Evans blue, reflecting the extravasation of albumin, was not increased after CPB. However, reduced COP, hypothermia, and also a reduced lymphatic drainage may contribute to edema formation. The present data do not support the hypothesis of a capillary leak after CPB in newborns.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, München, Germany. tassani@dhm.mhn.de
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tassani
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schad
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zaccaria
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.forename: Hansjörg
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mössinger
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Altmeyer
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Köhler
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Seghaye
authors.forename: Rüdiger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lange
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001794:Blood Pressure; D019559:Capillary Leak Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D002199:Capillary Permeability; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005070:Evans Blue; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism*; D014188:Transposition of Great Vessels / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012709:Serum Albumin; D016753:Interleukin-10; D005070:Evans Blue