title: Characteristics and use patterns of patients taking first-generation depot antipsychotics or oral antipsychotics for schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Investigators compared patient characteristics and antipsychotic use patterns between individuals with schizophrenia treated in usual care with first-generation depot antipsychotics and those treated with oral antipsychotics (first- or second-generation or both).
  
  
  METHODS
  Analyses used data from the U.S. Schizophrenia Care and Assessment Program, a large, prospective study of treatment for schizophrenia conducted July 1997 through September 2003. Participants were assessed at enrollment and every six months thereafter with patient self-report, validated psychiatric measures, and systematic extraction of medical records. Individuals treated with a first-generation depot antipsychotic at any time during the three-year study (N=569) were compared with those treated with only oral antipsychotics (N=1,617) on characteristics at enrollment and medication use pattern during the year after enrollment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with patients receiving only oral antipsychotics, participants treated with depot medications (haloperidol or fluphenazine decanoate) were more likely to be African American (p<.001); less likely to be a veteran (p=.005); had more psychiatric hospitalizations in the year before enrollment (p<.001); and were more likely to have been arrested (p<.001), to use alcohol and illicit substances (p<.001), and to show higher psychopathology, particularly psychotic symptoms and disorganized thinking (p<.01 for both). In the year after enrollment, participants treated with depot medications had a high mean medication possession ratio (91%), and most of the medication regimens (68%) were augmented with oral antipsychotics for prolonged durations (median of 144 days).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with schizophrenia treated with first-generation depot antipsychotics differed from those treated with only oral antipsychotics. Findings suggest that first-generation depot antipsychotics might address some unmet needs of a unique subgroup of patients with schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Systems Management, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St., Suite 1900, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. lshi1@tulane.edu
authors.forename: Lizheng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Haya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ascher-Svanum
authors.forename: Baojin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Faries
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Marder
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D044383:Black People / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003415:Crime / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005476:Fluphenazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010359:Patient Readmission; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D012562:Schizophrenia, Disorganized / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D013287:Illicit Drugs; C033563:haloperidol decanoate; C011825:fluphenazine depot; D006220:Haloperidol; D005476:Fluphenazine