title: Relative adrenal insufficiency in dogs with sepsis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A syndrome of relative adrenal insufficiency has been identified in septic humans, and is associated with hypotension and death. Relative adrenal insufficiency is generally associated with basal serum cortisol concentration within or above the reference range and a blunted cortisol response to adrenocorticotropic hormone administration. It is unknown whether relative adrenal insufficiency occurs in septic dogs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  That relative adrenal insufficiency occurs in septic dogs, and that relative adrenal insufficiency is associated with hypotension and mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three septic dogs admitted to a small animal intensive care unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs were included in the study if they had a known or suspected infectious disease and had systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Dogs were excluded if they had disease or medication history expected to affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Serum cortisol and endogenous plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone concentrations were measured before, and serum cortisol concentration measured 1 hour after, intramuscular administration of 250 microg of cosyntropin/dog. The change in cortisol concentration (delta-cortisol) before and after cosyntropin administration was determined in each dog.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hypotension was associated with lower delta-cortisol values (OR 1.3; CI 1.0-1.9; P = .029). delta-Cortisol cutoff of 3.0 microg/dL was most accurate for predicting hypotension, survival to discharge, and 28-day survival. The rate of death in dogs with delta-cortisol < or = 3 microg/dL was 4.1 times that of dogs with delta-cortisol > 3 microg/dL (RR 4.1; CI 1.5-12.3; P = .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Delta-cortisol < or = 3 microg/dL after adrenocorticotropic hormone administration is associated with systemic hypotension and decreased survival in septic dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA. jmburkitt@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Jamie M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Burkitt
authors.forename: Steve C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Haskins
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Philip H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Kass
mesh_terms: D000309:Adrenal Insufficiency / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D018805:Sepsis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*