Circulating tumor cell analysis in patients with progressive castration-resistant prostate cancer.
OBJECTIVE
To better direct targeted therapies to the patients with tumors that express the target, there is an urgent need for blood-based assays that provide expression information on a consistent basis in real time with minimal patient discomfort. We aimed to use immunomagnetic-capture technology to isolate and analyze circulating tumor cells (CTC) from small volumes of peripheral blood of patients with advanced prostate cancer.


METHODS
Blood was collected from 63 patients with metastatic prostate cancer. CTCs were isolated by the Cell Search system, which uses antibodies to epithelial cell adhesion marker and immunomagnetic capture. CTCs were defined as nucleated cells positive for cytokeratins and negative for CD45. Captured cells were analyzed by immunofluorescence, Papanicolau staining, and fluorescence in situ hybridization.


RESULTS
Most patients (65%) had 5 or more CTCs per 7.5 mL blood sample. Cell counts were consistent between laboratories (c = 0.99) and did not change significantly over 72 or 96 h of storage before processing (c = 0.99). Their identity as prostate cancer cells was confirmed by conventional cytologic analysis. Molecular profiling, including analysis of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression, chromosome ploidy, and androgen receptor (AR) gene amplification, was possible for all prostate cancer patients with >or=5 CTCs.


CONCLUSIONS
The analysis of cancer-related alterations at the DNA and protein level from CTCs is feasible in a hospital-based clinical laboratory. The alterations observed in EGFR and AR suggest that the methodology may have a role in clinical decision making.
Shaffer
David R
DR
Genitourinary Oncology Service, Immunicon Corporation, Huntingdon Valley, Pennsylvania, USA.
Leversha
Margaret A
MA
Danila
Daniel C
DC
Lin
Oscar
O
Gonzalez-Espinoza
Rita
R
Gu
Bin
B
Anand
Aseem
A
Smith
Katherine
K
Maslak
Peter
P
Doyle
Gerald V
GV
Terstappen
Leon W M M
LW
Lilja
Hans
H
Heller
Glenn
G
Fleisher
Martin
M
Scher
Howard I
HI
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002369:Castration; D003584:Cytological Techniques; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D005784:Gene Amplification; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
D066246:ErbB Receptors; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011944:Receptors, Androgen