title: Ultrasonographic findings in shoulders of able-bodied, paraplegic and tetraplegic subjects.
abstract: METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association between spinal cord injury (SCI) and ultrasonographic findings in shoulders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomly selected patients of Käpylä Rehabilitation Centre and able-bodied citizens of Helsinki, Finland.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ultrasonography of the shoulder was performed on able-bodied, tetraplegic and paraplegic subjects. Subjects with SCI were selected from patients of Käpylä Rehabilitation Centre, who were injured more than 3 months before the examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings of the glenohumeral joint differed most clearly between the groups. Significant association between SCI level and oedema of the glenohumeral joint was noted in multiple regression analysis, where other background factors were also considered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Paraplegic and tetraplegic subjects are prone to glenohumeral changes that can be verified with ultrasonography.
authors.affiliation: Käpylä Rehabilitation Centre, Helsinki, Finland. jorma.kivimaki@elisanet.fi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kivimäki
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ahoniemi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004487:Edema / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012783:Shoulder Dislocation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014463:Ultrasonography