title: High serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels predict poor prognosis after radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma: importance of tumor biomarker in ablative therapies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a recently developed treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Thus far, the prognostic impact of tumor biomarkers has not been evaluated in this treatment. High serum level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to predict microscopic vascular invasion and metastasis in HCC. This study investigated the prognostic significance of pre-treatment serum VEGF level in patients with HCC undergoing RFA treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum VEGF levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 120 patients with HCC undergoing RFA, and in 15 healthy controls. Serum VEGF levels were correlated with clinicopathological features of the HCC patients. The prognostic significance of serum VEGF levels was assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median serum VEGF level in the HCC patients was 240 pg/mL (range 17-1162), significantly higher than that of healthy controls (p = .024). The serum VEGF levels were significantly correlated with platelet counts (r = .487, p < .001) but not other clinicopathological features. Patients with serum VEGF level > 240 pg/mL had worse overall and recurrence-free survival compared with those with serum VEGF level > 240 pg/mL (p = .005 and .002, respectively). By multivariate analysis, serum VEGF level was a significant prognostic factor of both overall and recurrence-free survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High pre-treatment serum VEGF levels predict poor prognosis after RFA of HCC. This study highlights the importance of tumor biomarker as a prognostic predictor in ablative therapy for HCC, which has an intrinsic problem of unavailability of histopathological prognostic features.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China. poontp@hkucc.hku.hk
authors.forename: Ronnie T P
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Poon
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Kelvin K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Jimmy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yuen
authors.forename: Sheung Tat
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology; D010976:Platelet Count; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A