title: Gi and RGS proteins provide biochemical control of androgen receptor nuclear exclusion.
abstract: Nuclear localization of androgen receptors (ARs) is essential for their activity. Melatonin induces AR nuclear exclusion via increase in cGMP, calcium, and protein kinase C (PKC) activation, presumably through G-protein(s). The effects of regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) on AR localization were studied in AR-expressing PC3 cells. Gi-specific RGS10 inhibited melatonin but not cGMP-induced AR nuclear exclusion, independent of androgen. No evidence for Gq activation by melatonin was found. However, Gi/Gq-selective RGS4 inhibited AR nuclear exclusion downstream of PKC activation--an effect that was abrogated by constitutively active Gq. RGS10 and RGS4, but not RGS2, ablated the inhibitory effects of melatonin on AR reporter gene activity. For the first time, these data show regulation by Gi and Gi-specific RGS protein-mediated AR nuclear exclusion, which is potentially important in the treatment of AR-dependent cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. They also reveal a role for a Gq protein downstream of PKC activation in AR nuclear localization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
authors.forename: Avi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rimler
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jockers
authors.forename: Zipora
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lupowitz
authors.forename: Nava
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zisapel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D019206:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D043802:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D015759:Ionomycin / Q000378:metabolism; D007476:Ionophores / Q000378:metabolism; D008550:Melatonin / Q000378:metabolism; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020710:RGS Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007476:Ionophores; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D020710:RGS Proteins; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D015759:Ionomycin; D019206:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go; D043802:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D008550:Melatonin; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate