title: Olfaction and olfactory epithelium in mice treated with zinc gluconate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed whether a nasal spray containing zinc gluconate (ZG) compromises the integrity of olfactory epithelium and olfactory function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase from olfactory epithelium to the olfactory bulb was studied in 2- to 21-day survival mice given intranasal injections of 2, 8, or 50 microL of ZG (approximately 4, 15, and 94 times the equivalent recommended human dose). Other similarly treated mice were tested using precision olfactometry to detect and discriminate odors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anatomic changes were graded as a function of dose and survival time. Two microliter injections had no discernable effect. while the 50 microL volume produced substantial deafferentation of input to the olfactory bulb in short-survival cases. Nearly complete restitution of input occurred within 3 weeks. At each volume and survival time, zinc sulfate (ZS) had a greater effect. Behaviorally, 2 microL and 8 microL ZG-treated mice and those given multiple injections of 2 microL ZG performed as well as controls, whereas those given 50 microL were hyposmic but not anosmic. ZS-treated mice performed more poorly, and those injected with 50 microL were anosmic for the first 8 to 10 test days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A massive dose of a ZG nasal spray did cause a transient disruption of the olfactory epithelium and compromised olfaction. More moderate volumes, even those far in excess of a recommended dose, were largely without effect on odor detection and discrimination tasks. These outcomes fail to support the claims from recent clinical case reports that use of a ZG-containing nasal spray can produce anosmia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA. slotnic@american.edu
authors.forename: Burton
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Slotnick
authors.forename: Angelica
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sanguino
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Husband
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marquino
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Silberberg
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005942:Gluconates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D000857:Olfaction Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced*; D009831:Olfactory Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D012903:Smell / Q000187:drug effects*; D012996:Solutions
chemical_list: D005942:Gluconates; D012996:Solutions; C030691:gluconic acid