title: [Inhibitory effects of reduced glutathione sodium on renal nuclear factor-kappaB expression in rats with diabetes of different stages].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relation between diabetic nephropathy and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) expression, and observe the effect of reduced glutathione sodium (GSH) on NF-kappaB activation and in prevention of diabetic nephropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-/+25 g were randomized into control group (10 rats) and diabetic group (60 rats, subgrouped into 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and their corresponding intervention subgroups, each consisting of 10 rats). The rats in the 6 diabetic groups were subjected to intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, and those in the control group received injection with 0.1 mmol/L citric acid buffer solution of the same volume. The diabetic models were affirmed upon a fasting blood glucose >or=16.5 mmol/L 3 days after the injection. The intervention groups were injected intraperitoneally with GSH (10 mg/100 g) once daily. Fasting blood glucose and body weight were measured every week. The rats were executed at the end of 1, 3, and 6 months respectively and the nucleoproteins were extracted from the renal specimen. NF-kappaB was measured using electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) after labeling with isotope probe, and the gray scale of the electrophoretic bands was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EMSA optical density analysis of electrophoretic bands showed that NF-kappaB expression increased in each diabetic groups in comparison with the control group (P<0.05), and NF-kappaB level rose proportionally with the disease course of 1 month, 3 months and 6 months. The activity of NF-kappaB decreased in the intervention groups as compared with the corresponding untreated groups (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The activation of NF-kappaB plays a role in the onset and development of diabetes. NF-kappaB inhibition and containment of inflammation might be one of the mechanisms of GSH treatment for diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Command, Nanjing 210002, China.
authors.forename: Yang-tian
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Hong-jie
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: DI
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D005978:Glutathione / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D005978:Glutathione