title: Postnatal evaluation of schizencephaly by transfontanellar three-dimensional sonography.
abstract: Schizencephaly is a rare anomaly of neuronal migration characterized by the presence of brain clefts that communicate with the lateral ventricles. Type I is characterized by clefts with fused lips or margins, not communicating with the subarachnoid space. Type II is characterized by longer clefts that communicate with the subarachnoid space. Neonatal diagnosis of schizencephaly on transfontanellar two-dimensional (2D) sonography is rare, with only 1 report in the medical literature. The major limitation of 2D sonography is its inability to assess neonatal prognosis. There are no reports on MEDLINE about the use of transfontanellar three-dimensional (3D) sonography in the assessment of schizencephaly. We present a case of type II schizencephaly diagnosed on the 29th week of gestation with 2D sonography and describe the main findings with 3D sonography in surface and transparency modes performed in the neonatal period via the fontanel.
authors.affiliation: Ultrasound Training Center of São Paulo (CETRUS), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Araujo Júnior
authors.forename: Alexis Paiva
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.forename: Cláudio Rodrigues
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Pires
authors.forename: Hélio Antonio
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Guimarães Filho
authors.forename: Sebastião Marques
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Zanforlin Filho
authors.forename: Luciano Marcondes Machado
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Nardozza
authors.forename: Antonio Fernades
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Moron
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities*; D004453:Echoencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D020547:Lateral Ventricles / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011247:Pregnancy; D013346:Subarachnoid Space / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal