title: Longitudinal change in cognitive performance among individuals with mild cognitive impairment.
abstract: The authors used mixed-effects growth models to examine longitudinal change in neuropsychological performance over a 4-year period among 197 individuals who were either normal or had mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at baseline. At follow-up, the participants were divided into 4 groups: (a) controls: participants who were normal at both baseline and follow-up (n = 33), (b) stables: participants with MCI whose Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) score did not differ between the first and last evaluations (n = 22), (c) decliners: participants with MCI whose CDR-SB score declined between the first and last evaluations (n = 95), and (d) converters: participants who received a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease during the follow-up period (n = 47). Only the Episodic Memory factor showed a significantly greater rate of decline over the follow-up period among the converters. Two other factors were significantly lower in converters at baseline in comparison with other groups (the executive function factor and the general knowledge factor), but the rate of decline over time did not differ. Individuals with an APOE epsilon4 allele scored lower on the episodic memory and executive function factors at baseline.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. malbert9@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Blacker
authors.forename: Mark B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.forename: Rudolph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tanzi
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: McArdle
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000235:genetics; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004522:Educational Status; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4