title: Validation of a portable equine metabolic measurement system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In equine sports medicine, VO2 has been measured exclusively with stationary systems, in laboratories equipped with a treadmill. Measurement during exercise in field conditions has not previously been reported because of the lack of portable equipment designed for horses.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  A commercially available portable metabolic measurement system, based on breath-to-breath gas analysis and flow spirometry, was adapted to the horse's physiology and morphology (Cosmed K4b2 and Equimask) and its validity tested by (1) repeatability of the measures and (2) comparing metabolic data to those obtained by a reference method (RM).
  
  
  METHODS
  To test the reproducibility of the measurements, 5 healthy saddle horses were subjected twice at 2 day intervals to a similar submaximal standardised incremental exercise test on a treadmill. The same horses performed twice at one week interval an incremental treadmill test to fatigue: the oxygen consumption and ventilation were measured once with the K4b2 system and once with the RM. The metabolic and ventilatory data obtained with both systems were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a good reproducibility of the metabolic measurements obtained by the K4b2 system at any workload. The VO2 obtained by both systems at any workload was not significantly different. However, the K4b2 expired fraction in CO2 (FETCO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) were significantly lower at high and at maximal workloads. As a consequence, the values of the respiratory exchange ratio were too low and incompatible with normal physiological values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The good reproducibility of the metabolic and ventilatory measurements and the fact that the VO2 measurements at any workload were similar to the data obtained with the reference method suggested that this system may be used for comparison of repeated VO2 measurements in practical field conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The K4b2 system could be used to improve knowledge of the energetic cost in different equine sports disciplines and offer the opportunity to undertake performance tests with genuine track conditions, on ridden or harnessed horses, rather than under laboratory conditions.
authors.affiliation: Equine Sports Medicine Centre and tSurgical Pathology, Equine Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Bdt.B42, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liege, Belgium.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Art
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Duvivier
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van Erck
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: de Moffarts
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Votion
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bedoret
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lejeune
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lekeux
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Serteyn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D001944:Breath Tests / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000662:veterinary; D006736:Horses / Q000378:metabolism*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen