title: Demographic, clinical, and microbial aspects of chronic and aggressive periodontitis in Colombia: a multicenter study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The microbial profile of periodontal disease varies among different human populations. This study evaluated the demographic, clinical, and microbiologic aspects of periodontitis in a multigeographic sample in Colombia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred twenty-five patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), 158 patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP), and 137 healthy-gingivitis controls from five regions of the country were studied. Clinical, microbial, and sociodemographic data were collected. Microbiologic identification was performed using polymerase chain reaction 16S rRNA gene on pooled subgingival samples, and the presence of Gram-negative enteric rods was evaluated by culture. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Porphyromonas gingivalis occurred in 71.5% of individuals with periodontitis, Tannerella forsythensis occurred in 58.5%, Campylobacter rectus occurred in 57.5%, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans occurred in 23.6%, and enteric rods occurred in 34.5%. P. gingivalis was more common in CP and AgP than controls. A. actinomycetemcomitans was increased in AgP compared to controls and patients with CP. T. forsythensis, C. rectus, and Eikenella corrodens had a low presence in the West Pacific and Central regions, and enteric rods were increased in the Central region (P <0.05). Other sociodemographic factors were not associated with these microorganisms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Geographic regions do not influence the microbiota, but the microbiota may vary by geographic region. P. gingivalis, T. forsythensis, and C. rectus are the most prevalent periodontophatic microorganisms in Colombia. A. actinomycetemcomitans was more common in AgP, and a large percentage of the population studied had enteric rods in the subgingival plaque.
authors.affiliation: Basic Oral Research Unit Institute, El Bosque University, Bogotá, Colombia. investigaciones.odontologia@unbosque.edu.co
authors.forename: Gloria Inés
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Lafaurie
authors.forename: Adolfo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Contreras
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barón
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Botero
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mayorga-Fayad
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jaramillo
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giraldo
authors.forename: Ferney
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mantilla
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Botero
authors.forename: Luz Helena
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Archila
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Díaz
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chacón
authors.forename: Diana Marcela
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.forename: Marisol
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Betancourt
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Del Rosario Aya
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arce
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D044883:Campylobacter rectus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003105:Colombia; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000382:microbiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors