title: Manipulation of early region 4.
abstract: Adenovirus early region 4 (E4) regulates processes in infected cells that include viral late gene expression, nonhomologous end joining, responses to DNA damage, and apoptosis. E4 is essential for viral growth in most cell lines. In this chapter, the current knowledge of the functions of six E4 products is summarized briefly. Protocols are presented for manipulation of E4, incorporation of E4 mutations into the viral genome, and growth of E4 mutants on complementing cell lines. A compilation of the described E4-complementing cell lines is included.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boyer
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ketner
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D017504:Adenovirus E4 Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002460:Cell Line; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D010957:Plasmids; D015183:Restriction Mapping
chemical_list: D017504:Adenovirus E4 Proteins; D004279:DNA, Viral