title: Predictors of systemic chemotherapy contraindication in pancreatic cancer patients with distant metastasis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate predictors of systemic chemotherapy contraindication in pancreatic cancer patients with distant metastasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-seven consecutive pancreatic cancer patients with distant metastasis receiving systemic chemotherapy using 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin or gemcitabine were analyzed retrospectively to investigate prognostic factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall median survival time of all patients in the whole series was 3.8 months, the 3-, 6, and 12-month probability of survival being 58%, 26%, and 3%, respectively. Significant poor prognostic factors were the age of 65 years old or older, presence of ascites, a total bilirubin > 2.5 mg/dL, ChE <110 IU/L, a higher level of tumor maker (CA19-9) and performance status <80 (p < 0.005). Cox proportional hazards model revealed independent poor prognostic factors were a presence of ascites, serum ChE level <110 IU/L, and age > or =65. A prognostic index was calculated based on the regression coefficients derived from the three variables according to their relative risk of death (RRD) = exp (presence of ascites x 1.213 + serum ChE level x 1.065 + age > or = 65 x 0.651).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ascites, ChE <110 IU/L, or age > or =65 should be chemotherapy contraindications for pancreatic cancer patients with distant metastasis because of their extremely short survival time and some other experimental approaches or supportive care are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Chengxue
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dang
authors.forename: Qingyong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Wuke
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagata
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D000075202:Contraindications; D004358:Drug Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017567:Karnofsky Performance Status; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis