title: Breastfeeding habits in families with Type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Breastfeeding is acknowledged to be beneficial for child development. Women with diabetes may be more likely not to breastfeed their children because of neonatal morbidity and instability in diabetes control. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of maternal Type 1 diabetes on breastfeeding habits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Full breastfeeding and any breastfeeding were reported in the first year of life in 1560 children born in Germany between 1989 and 2004. Of those, 997 children had a mother with Type 1 diabetes, and the remaining 563 children had a father or sibling with Type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fewer children of mothers with Type 1 diabetes were breastfed than children of non-diabetic mothers (77 vs. 86%; P < 0.0001) and, amongst breastfed children, there was a shorter duration of full breastfeeding (12 vs. 17 weeks; P < 0.0001) and any breastfeeding (20 vs. 26 weeks, P < 0.0001) in children of mothers with Type 1 diabetes compared with children of non-diabetic mothers. Other factors associated with reduced frequency and duration of breastfeeding were pre-term delivery (P < 0.0001), young maternal age (P < 0.0001), and firstborn children (P < 0.0001). After stratification for each of these factors, breastfeeding remained significantly less frequent and of less duration in children of mothers with Type 1 diabetes as compared with children of non-diabetic mothers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mothers with Type 1 diabetes breastfeed their children less than international recommendations. Counselling to increase frequency and duration of breastfeeding may be warranted in this population.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Institute and Academic Hospital Schwabing, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hummel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Winkler
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schoen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Knopff
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marienfeld
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bonifacio
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Ziegler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors