title: Intra-osseous ganglion of the proximal humerus: a case report.
abstract: We report a 72-year-old woman with a type-1 intra-osseous ganglion in the proximal humerus, extending to the bone surface. We conducted a systemic review of intra-osseous ganglion cases in Japan to identify clinical features and pathogenesis of this condition. The anatomical distribution between intra-osseous ganglia without a communicating soft tissue ganglion (type 1) and those with (type 2) is different. The origins of intra-osseous ganglia vary and depend on their anatomical location. They can arise from within the bone or in the adjacent soft tissue, and can progress to a type-2 lesion in either an outside-in or inside-out fashion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Faculty of Medicine, Mie, Japan. nishit41@pref.mie.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsujii
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kusuzaki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hoki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirata
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001845:Bone Cysts / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006811:Humerus / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000209:etiology