title: The effects of iloprost and vitamin C on kidney as a remote organ after ischemia/reperfusion of lower extremities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Abdominal aortic surgery can cause ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury in not only the lower extremities, but also in the remote organs and tissues such as lungs, kidneys, heart, and liver during abdominal aortic surgery. It can result in mortality and morbidity because of the remote organ injury in early postoperative period. In this study, we investigate the effects of iloprost and vitamin C on the kidney remote organ damage after I/R following abdominal aortic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four adult male Wistar rats were used and divided into five groups. I/R was studied infrarenally in the abdominal aorta following a median laparotomy. The left kidney was excised immediately following the laparotomy in group I (n = 6, normal group). Group II (n = 6) was the sham group. Group III (n = 6, control group) was subjected to 3 h of ischemia followed by an hour of reperfusion. Group IV (n = 8) was given iloprost 20 ng/kg/min during I/R period before aortic-clamping. Group V (n = 8) was given vitamin C 100 mg/kg during I/R period before aortic-clamping. Arterial blood samples were obtained to determine the levels of blood pH, pO(2) (mmHg), pCO2 (mmHg), HCO(3) (mmol/L), and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA, nmol/mL) at the end of reperfusion period in all groups. The left kidneys were used for remote measurements of tissue MDA (nmol/g.w.t) and scored by histopathological examination for acute inflammation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While the arterial blood pO(2) and HCO(3) levels significantly increased, the plasma and renal parenchymal MDA levels significantly decreased in both group IV and group V when compared to group III (P < 0.05). Histopathological and acute inflammation scores statistically decreased in both group IV and V compared with group III (P < 0.05). Although MDA levels, histopathologic and acute inflammation scores in group V were lower than group IV, the differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both iloprost and vitamin C decreased remote organ damage on the kidney after I/R of lower extremities in the rat model. However, vitamin C is more effective than iloprost in preventing postoperative renal dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Denizli, Turkey. vefaozcan@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ali V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Ozcan
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sacar
authors.forename: Hülya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aybek
authors.forename: Ferda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bir
authors.forename: Süleyman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.forename: Gokhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Onem
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Goksin
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baltalarli
authors.forename: Nagihan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Colakoglu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000601:surgery; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001284:Atrophy; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000098:blood supply; D016285:Iloprost / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D016285:Iloprost; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D010100:Oxygen