title: The gene for synapsin III and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent studies have implicated the involvement of proteins regulating neurotransmitter release in the etiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. On the basis of the role of synapsin III in the modulation of neurotransmitter release, we tested this gene as a candidate contributing to the genetic susceptibility of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we genotyped five markers across the gene on 177 small, nuclear families consisting of an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder proband, their parents, and 43 affected siblings. We examined the transmission of the alleles at each one of these sites and the haplotypes of the polymorphisms using the transmission disequilibrium test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our observations did not yield any evidence of biased transmission of the alleles at any polymorphism or haplotype. On the basis of the evidence for synapsins in learning and memory from animal models, we also investigated the relationship of this gene to verbal short-term and working memory as measured by digit span forward and backwards. No evidence was found for an association of this gene to these traits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings with this particular sample do not support the synapsin III locus as a major susceptibility locus contributing to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
authors.affiliation: Cell and Molecular Biology Division, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Rohit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Makkar
authors.forename: Lissette
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.forename: Karen G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Wigg
authors.forename: Abel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ickowicz
authors.forename: Tejaswee
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pathare
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tannock
authors.forename: Molly
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malone
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schachar
authors.forename: Cathy L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Barr
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000235:genetics*; D004247:DNA / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017931:DNA Primers; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000235:genetics*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D009679:Nuclear Family; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D035781:Siblings; D016704:Synapsins
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D005819:Genetic Markers; D009479:Neuropeptides; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D010750:Phosphoproteins; C111812:SYN3 protein, human; D016704:Synapsins; D004247:DNA