Parental compliance after screening social development in toddlers.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the prevalence of parents' compliance with follow-up measurements after their child tested positive at a screening to assess problems in social development, as well as to find demographic, screening-related, and child-specific factors associated with parental compliance.


METHODS
Two-stage screening design.


METHODS
Utrecht, the Netherlands.


METHODS
A random population of 31,724 children were screened at well-baby clinics at age 14 to 15 months (screen 1). Three hundred sixty-four children underwent screen 2 (255 children who scored positive at screen 1 [population screening] and 109 children younger than 36 months who were identified by surveillance because of suspected problems in their social development). Main Exposure A 2-stage screening was applied.


METHODS
Compliance with recommendations of having either a second screening (after screen 1) or clinical evaluation (after screen 2).


RESULTS
Of 370 children who tested positive at screen 1, parents of 255 children (69%) complied with screen 2. Three groups were distinguished after screen 2 (n = 173): early compliance (clinical evaluation within 6 months) (68%), late compliance (clinical evaluation after 6 months) (14%), and noncompliance (no clinical evaluation) (18%). Late compliance and noncompliance were more common in parents of younger children and children who were identified via population screening. Parents of children with either relatively high cognitive skills and/or low scores on screening measures were less inclined to comply.


CONCLUSIONS
Study results suggest higher effectiveness of surveillance over population screening. Screening may well be applied as a second step after surveillance to identify children who need further clinical evaluation.
Dietz
Claudine
C
Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. cdietz@umcutrecht.nl
Swinkels
Sophie H N
SH
van Daalen
Emma
E
van Engeland
Herman
H
Buitelaar
Jan K
JK
D000328:Adult; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D012919:Social Behavior