title: Cloning and characterization of a new hetero-gene cluster of nonribosomal peptide synthetase and polyketide synthase from the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa K-139.
abstract: Two nonribosomal peptide synthetase genes responsible for the biosynthesis of microcystin and micropeptin in Microcystis aeruginosa K-139 have been identified. A new nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene, psm3, was identified in M. aeruginosa K-139. The gene is a cluster extending 30 kb and comprising 13 bidirectionally transcribed open reading frames arranged in two putative operons. psm3 encodes four adenylation proteins, one polyketide synthase, and several unique proteins, especially Psm3L consisting of halogenase, acyl-CoA binding protein-like protein, and acyl carrier protein. Alignment of the binding pocket of the adenylation domain and an ATP-PPi exchange analysis using a recombinant protein with the adenylation domain of Psm3B showed that Psm3G and Psm3B activate aspartic acid and tyrosine, respectively. Although disruption of psm3 did not reveal the product produced by Psm3, we identified microviridin B and aeruginosin K139 in the cells of M. aeruginosa K-139. The above-mentioned results indicated that M. aeruginosa possesses at least five nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene clusters.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Akito
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
authors.forename: Arizal Bin
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Arshad
authors.forename: Tomoyasu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
authors.forename: Munehiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asayama
authors.forename: Kiyonaga
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Tomoyo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Ken-ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shirai
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D046931:Microcystis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D010453:Peptide Synthases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D048630:Polyketide Synthases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D048630:Polyketide Synthases; D010453:Peptide Synthases