title: Interaction between familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-linked SOD1 mutants and the dynein complex.
abstract: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive motor neuron death. More than 90 mutations in the copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene cause a subset of familial ALS. Toxic properties have been proposed for the ALS-linked SOD1 mutants, but the nature of the toxicity has not been clearly specified. Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies containing mutant SOD1 and a number of other proteins are a pathological hallmark of mutant SOD1-mediated familial ALS, but whether such aggregates are toxic to motor neurons remains unclear. In this study, we identified a dynein subunit as a component of the mutant SOD1-containing high molecular weight complexes using proteomic techniques. We further demonstrated interaction and colocalization between dynein and mutant SOD1, but not normal SOD1, in cultured cells and also in G93A and G85R transgenic rodent tissues. Moreover, the interaction occurred early, prior to the onset of symptoms in the ALS animal models and increased over the disease progression. Motor neurons with long axons are particularly susceptible to defects in axonal transport. Our results demonstrate a direct "gain-of-interaction" between mutant SOD1 and dynein, which may provide insights into the mechanism by which mutant SOD1 could contribute to a defect in retrograde axonal transport or other dynein functions. The aberrant interaction is potentially critical to the formation of mutant SOD1 aggregates as well as the toxic cascades leading to motor neuron degeneration in ALS.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA.
authors.forename: Fujian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Anna-Lena
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Ström
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukada
authors.forename: Sangmook
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Lawrence J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Hayward
authors.forename: Haining
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D001370:Axonal Transport / Q000235:genetics; D001369:Axons / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D002460:Cell Line; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004398:Dyneins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D030342:Genetic Diseases, Inborn / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D002479:Inclusion Bodies / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000235:genetics; D040901:Proteomics; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1
chemical_list: D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; C000606290:SOD1 protein, human; C000606291:Sod1 protein, mouse; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1; D004398:Dyneins