title: Mortality after groin hernia surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze mortality following groin hernia operations.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  It is well known that the incidence of groin hernia in men exceeds the incidence in women by a factor of 10. However, gender differences in mortality following groin hernia surgery have not been explored in detail.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study comprises all patients 15 years or older who underwent groin hernia repair between January 1, 1992 and December 31, 2005 at units participating in the Swedish Hernia Register (SHR). Postoperative mortality was defined as standardized mortality ratio (SMR) within 30 days, ie, observed deaths of operated patients over expected deaths considering age and gender of the population in Sweden.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 107,838 groin hernia repairs (103,710 operations), were recorded prospectively. Of 104,911 inguinal hernias, 5280 (5.1%) were treated emergently, as compared with 1068 (36.5%) of 2927 femoral hernias. Femoral hernia operations comprised 1.1% of groin hernia operations on men and 22.4% of operations on women. After femoral hernia operation, the mortality risk was increased 7-fold for both men and women. Mortality risk was not raised above that of the background population for elective groin hernia repair, but it was increased 7-fold after emergency operations and 20-fold if bowel resection was undertaken. Overall SMR was 1.4 (95% confidence interval, 1.2-1.6) for men and 4.2 (95% confidence interval, 3.2-5.4) for women, in accordance with a greater proportion of emergency operations among women compared with men, 17.0%, versus 5.1%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mortality risk following elective hernia repair is low, even at high age. An emergency operation for groin hernia carries a substantial mortality risk. After groin hernia repair, women have a higher mortality risk than men due to a greater risk for emergency procedure irrespective of hernia anatomy and a greater proportion of femoral hernia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Ostra, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stylianidis
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haapamäki
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: Pär
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nordin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000765:Anesthesia, Conduction; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D006550:Hernia, Femoral / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery*; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged