title: Normal bronchial blood flow in COPD is unaffected by inhaled corticosteroids and correlates with exhaled nitric oxide.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In COPD patients, there is reduced vascularity and inflammation of the bronchi, which may have opposite effects on bronchial blood flow (QAW). We studied the relationship of QAW with the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO), which is a potent vasodilator. We also investigated the vascular response to budesonide and a beta(2)-agonist.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured QAW in 17 patients with COPD (mean [+/- SEM] age, 67 +/- 3 years; 10 male patients; mean FEV(1), 57 +/- 3% predicted; mean FEV(1)/FVC ratio, 54 +/- 4%), all of whom were ex-smokers, and in 16 age-matched nonsmoking volunteers (mean age, 64 +/- 4 years) and compared this to FENO. QAW was measured using the acetylene dilution method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean QAW was similar in patients with COPD (34.29 +/- 1.09 microL/mL/min) compared to healthy subjects (35.50 +/- 1.74 microL/mL/min; p > 0.05) and was not affected by long-term treatment (35.89 +/- 1.63 microL/mL/min) or short-term treatment (32.50 +/- 1.24 microL/mL/min; p < 0.05) with inhaled budesonide. QAW positively correlated with the diffusion of carbon monoxide (ie, carbon monoxide transfer coefficient: r = 0.74; p < 0.05). FENO levels were mildly elevated in steroid-treated patients (10.89 +/- 0.87 parts per billion [ppb]) and untreated patients (9.40 +/- 0.86 ppb) compared to the control group (8.22 +/- 0.57 ppb; p < 0.05) and were correlated with QAW (r = 0.6; p < 0.05). Ten minutes after the inhalation of 200 microg of albuterol, QAW was more elevated in healthy control subjects (59.33 +/- 2.40 microL/mL/min) compared to COPD patients (38.00 +/- 0.58 microL/mL/min; p < 0.05), indicating that COPD patients may have a reduced bronchial vascular reactivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  QAW is normal in COPD patients and is not affected by therapy with inhaled corticosteroids or beta(2)-agonists. In addition, QAW correlates with levels of FENO, which may have a regulatory role.
authors.affiliation: National Heart and Lung Institute, Airway Disease Section, Dovehouse St, London, SW3 6LY, UK. p.paredi@imperial.ac.uk
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paredi
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cramer
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: Sergei A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kharitonov
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000368:Aged; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001944:Breath Tests; D001980:Bronchi / Q000098:blood supply*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D009569:Nitric Oxide