title: Variability in human hepatic MRP4 expression: influence of cholestasis and genotype.
abstract: The multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4) is an efflux transporter involved in the transport of endogenous substrates and xenobiotics. We measured MRP4 mRNA and protein expression in human livers and found a 38- and 45-fold variability, respectively. We sequenced 2 kb of the 5'-flanking region, all exons and intron/exon boundaries of the MRP4 gene in 95 patients and identified 74 genetic variants including 10 non-synonymous variations, seven of them being located in highly conserved regions. None of the detected polymorphisms was significantly associated with changes in the MRP4 mRNA or protein expression. Immunofluorescence microscopy indicated that none of the non-synonymous variations affected the cellular localization of MRP4. However, in cholestatic patients the MRP4 mRNA and protein expression both were significantly upregulated compared to non-cholestatic livers (protein: 299+/-138 vs 100+/-60a.u., P<0.001). Taken together, human hepatic MRP4 expression is highly variable. Genetic variations were not sufficient to explain this variability. In contrast, cholestasis is one major determinant of human hepatic MRP4 expression.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Fahrstrasse 17, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gradhand
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schaeffeler
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Glaeser
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tegude
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fritz
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jedlitschky
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kroemer
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bachmakov
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Anwald
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kerb
authors.forename: U M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Zanger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eichelbaum
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwab
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Fromm
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007438:Introns; D008099:Liver / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D011487:Protein Conformation; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D009626:Terminology as Topic
chemical_list: D004247:DNA; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C073492:ABCC4 protein, human