title: [Biological parameters and damage by Macrosoma tipulata Hübner (Lepidoptera: Hedylidae), in cupuaçu tree [Theobroma grandiflorum (Wild ex Spreng Schum)] in Amazonas, Brazil].
abstract: Biological aspects of the caterpillar Macrosoma tipulata Hübner and its damage to young leaves of Theobroma grandiflorum (Wild ex Spreng Schum) were studied under laboratory conditions of 24.5 +/- 0.7 masculineC, UR 61.6 +/- 9.1% and 12h photophase. The larval stage presented five instars with a total duration of 15.9 +/- 4.31 days, and survival of 98%. The pupal period stage was 7.0 +/- 0.56 days for males and 6.9 +/- 0.56 days for females, with 99% survival for both sex. The pupal mean length was 18.9 +/- 0.89 mm for males and 19.1 +/- 1.13 mm for females. The mean longevity of the adult was 10.3 +/- 2.25 days. The vertical distribution of damage was relatively uniform, with a tendency of greater defoliation in the middle of the treetop, but without significant difference among the three positions.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Coordenação de Pesquisas em Entomologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 69060-001, Manaus, AM.
authors.forename: Gilcélia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lourido
authors.forename: Neliton M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Catarina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Motta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D005260:Female; D007915:Lepidoptera / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D008018:Life Cycle Stages; D008297:Male; D019660:Malvaceae / Q000469:parasitology*