title: Social marketing meets health literacy: Innovative improvement of health care providers' comfort with patient interaction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is essential to train health care providers to deliver care sensitive to the needs of diverse individuals with varying degrees of health literacy. We aimed to evaluate an innovative, theory-based, educational intervention involving social marketing and health literacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2006 at a large medical school, all first-year students were exposed to the intervention. They completed pre- and post-test anonymous surveys including demographic data, covariates, and key outcome variables. Paired t-tests and multiple linear regression were used to evaluate the intervention and to determine independent associations among the key outcome variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Post-intervention scores were significantly higher than pre-intervention scores for social marketing (3.31 versus 1.90, p<0.001), health literacy (3.41 versus 2.98, p<0.001), and comfort in brochure development (3.11 versus 2.52, p<0.001) (N=83). After controlling for demographic and covariate data, health literacy and comfort in brochure development were independent predictors of comfort interacting with diverse populations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A brief intervention involving social marketing and health literacy can improve skills that improve medical students' comfort with patients of diverse backgrounds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Health care providers can be taught educational principles and skills involved in developing effective patient education materials. These skills may improve providers' comfort with direct patient interaction.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. bprimack@pitt.edu
authors.forename: Brian A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Primack
authors.forename: Thuy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bui
authors.forename: Carl I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Fertman
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence; D018864:Cultural Diversity; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004522:Educational Status; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D010174:Pamphlets; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000458:organization & administration; D010414:Pennsylvania; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011582:Psychological Theory; D011588:Psychology, Educational; D020377:Self Efficacy; D040241:Social Marketing; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013664:Teaching Materials