title: Lactate, choline, and creatine levels measured by vitro 1H-MRS as prognostic parameters in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the biochemical characteristics of lung cancer tissue using in vitro (1)H-MRS, and investigate the correlation between survival probabilities and lactate (Lac), creatine (Cr), and choline (Cho) concentrations measured by in vitro (1)H-MRS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 21 patients with lung cancer were included in this retrospective study. (1)H-MRS spectra measurements were performed at 6.35T using a JNM-EX270, high-resolution FT-NMR spectrometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When normal lung tissue was compared with lung cancer tissue, significant differences were noted most consistently in the levels of Lac and Cho, with lung cancer tissue showing higher values than normal lung tissue. Lac concentrations of lung cancer tissue were significantly higher in patients with recurrence compared to patients without recurrence (0.285 +/- 0.096 mumol/g). The mean overall survival of patients in the low-Lac group was 50.28 +/- 6.47 months, which is significantly higher compared to the high-Lac group, which had a mean survival time of only 30.49 +/- 5.41 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Kaplan-Meier analysis of the data showed that the overall and disease-free survival probabilities were significantly higher in patients with low tumor Lac values than in those with high tumor Lac concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan. yokota@kanazawa-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.forename: Jianfei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Munetaka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matoba
authors.forename: Kotaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Higashi
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tonami
authors.forename: Yosinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagao
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D002794:Choline / Q000378:metabolism*; D003401:Creatine / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007773:Lactates / Q000378:metabolism*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D007773:Lactates; D003401:Creatine; D002794:Choline