title: Who needs liquor stores when parents will do? The importance of social sources of alcohol among young urban teens.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Examine sources of alcohol over time in a large, ethnically diverse adolescent population from a poor, urban environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surveys were administered at four time points (6th-8th grades) assessing demographic characteristics, past year alcohol use and sources of alcohol to youth in Chicago, Illinois 2002-2005. Growth curve analysis was used to examine alcohol access trends among all alcohol using youth and consistent alcohol users. Interactions by race and gender were tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Social sources of alcohol were the most prevalent source over time. Parents were the primary source of alcohol, but their prominence significantly decreased over time. Taking alcohol from home, and getting alcohol from other adults, individuals under age 21, and commercial sources significantly increased as sources of alcohol over time. Males were significantly more likely than females to get alcohol from commercial sources and friends' parents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Greater attention for reducing social access to alcohol, particularly among parents, is needed for alcohol prevention efforts prior to and during middle school.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. onei0085@umn.edu
authors.forename: Mary O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Hearst
authors.forename: Jayne A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fulkerson
authors.forename: Mildred M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Maldonado-Molina
authors.forename: Cheryl L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: Kelli A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Komro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000367:Age Factors; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D002641:Chicago; D003132:Commerce / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004327:Drinking Behavior; D005260:Female; D033062:Friends / Q000523:psychology; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D011203:Poverty; D012737:Sex Factors; D012931:Social Environment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data