title: Consumption of cruciferous vegetables and glucosinolates in a Spanish adult population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the intake of glucosinolates and cruciferous vegetables among Spanish adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Spanish cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed data from 40 684 men and women aged 35-64 years from the EPIC-Spain cohort. The usual diet was assessed by means of the dietary history method, and glucosinolate intake was calculated using a published food composition database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average intake of cruciferous vegetables was 11.3 g/day, accounting for about 5% of total vegetable consumption, whereas the daily intake of total glucosinolates was 6.5 mg, among which 35% were of indole type. The absolute intake of glucosinolates was in average higher in men than in women (6.8 vs 6.2 mg/day), whereas glucosinolate density per energy unit was higher in women's diet (3.4 vs 2.7 mg/4200 kJ). Northern regions consumed in average 36% more glucosinolates than Southern regions (7.3 vs 5.4 mg/day). There was a positive association of glucosinolate intake with body mass index, physical activity, educational level and an inverse relationship with alcohol consumption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contrary to the pattern seen for total vegetable intake, our estimate of consumption of cruciferous vegetables, and hence of glucosinolates, is relatively low within Europe, which in turn is lower than in North America and several Asian populations.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Epidemiology, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain. a.agudo@iconcologia.net
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agudo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ibáñez
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Amiano
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ardanaz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barricarte
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berenguer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dolores Chirlaque
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dorronsoro
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jakszyn
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Larrañaga
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pera
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Quirós
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sanchéz
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tormo
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: González
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D015992:Body Mass Index; D019607:Brassicaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet; D004522:Educational Status; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005961:Glucosinolates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D013030:Spain; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D005961:Glucosinolates