Relationship between indoor, outdoor, and personal fine particle concentrations for individuals with COPD and predictors of indoor-outdoor ratio in Mexico city.
Personal exposure and indoor and outdoor exposure to PM(10) and PM(2.5) of 38 individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was characterized from February through November 2000. All participants lived in Mexico City and were selected based on their area of residence southeast (n=15), downtown (n=15), and southwest (n=8). Participants were monitored at home using personal PM(2.5) monitoring devices. Indoor and outdoor levels of PM(10) and PM(2.5) were measured using MiniVol samplers. Concurrent individual exposure measurements, indoor and outdoor levels of PM(2.5), which averaged 38.4 (SD 21.4), 30.6 (SD 15.8), and 30.5 mug/m(3) (SD 19.4), respectively. Indoor PM(2.5) concentrations explained 40% of the variability of personal exposure. In addition, the factors that most affected personal exposure were regular indoor contact with animals, mold, cooking activities, and aerosol use, indicating that internal sources may largely affect individual exposure.
Cortez-Lugo
Marlene
M
Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Centro de Investigaciones en Salud poblacional, Cuernavaca Mor., México. iromieu@correo.insp.mx
Moreno-Macias
Hortensia
H
Holguin-Molina
Fernando
F
Chow
Judith C
JC
Watson
John G
JG
Gutiérrez-Avedoy
Victor
V
Mandujano
Francisco
F
Hernández-Avila
Mauricio
M
Romieu
Isabelle
I
D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D002947:Cities; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D008800:Mexico; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013997:Time Factors
D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter