title: Alterations of synaptic turnover rate in aging may trigger senile plaque formation and neurodegeneration.
abstract: The changes of synaptic ultrastructure were investigated by morphometry in the frontal (FC) and temporal (TC) cortex of adult and aged monkeys, to assess the potential role of age-related synaptic deterioration in neurodegeneration. The average synaptic size (S), the synaptic numeric density (Nv: number of synapses/microm(3) of tissue), the synaptic surface density (Sv: overall area of synaptic junctional zones/microm(3) of tissue), and the number of synapses/neuron (Syn/Neur) were calculated. In FC, significant differences of Nv and Sv due to age were not revealed, while the S value was significantly increased in the aged animals. In TC, Sv did not change in relation to age, whereas Nv was significantly decreased and S significantly increased in aged monkeys. A percent distribution of S showed that the fraction of enlarged synapses (>0.20 microm(2)) was higher in TC than in FC, regardless of the age of the animals (21.3% versus 16.9% in adult and 33.9% versus 26.0% in aged monkeys, respectively). In aged animals, Syn/Neur was not significantly decreased in TC and not significantly increased in FC (4.4%). The above morphometric parameters account for the ongoing rearrangements of synaptic ultrastructure, reacting to the environmental stimuli. Our findings provide evidence of an age-related decline of synaptic plasticity in the brain of aged monkeys that is statistically significant in TC. According to current literature data on synaptic structural dynamics, this decay may represent an early and subtle alteration able to trigger the development of senile plaques and neurodegenerative events.
authors.affiliation: Neurobiology of Aging Laboratory, INRCA Research Department, Via Birarelli 8, 60121 Ancona, Italy. c.bertoni@inrca.it
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bertoni-Freddari
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fattoretti
authors.forename: Belinda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Giorgetti
authors.forename: Yessica
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Grossi
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balietti
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Casoli
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Stefano
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perretta
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000473:pathology; D000682:Amyloid / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000378:metabolism; D001931:Brain Mapping; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity; D058225:Plaque, Amyloid / Q000378:metabolism*; D013569:Synapses / Q000473:pathology*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission
chemical_list: D000682:Amyloid