title: Pediatric genitourinary tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We will review the 2005 and 2006 literature on pediatric genitourinary tumors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Survival continues to improve for primary renal, bladder/prostate and testicular tumors in childhood. The addition of more intensive chemotherapy for anaplastic histology disease, recognition of loss of heterozygosity for chromosomes 1p and 16q as an adverse prognostic factor in favorable histology Wilms' tumor, and the utilization of molecular markers to better characterize all renal tumors will better enable individualized therapy. Recognition and treatment of anaplastic histology and bilateral Wilms' tumor remains a challenge. In rhabdomyosarcoma, genitourinary site and embryonal histology confer a relatively favorable prognosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Advances in molecular oncology, diagnostic imaging, surgical approaches and long-term follow-up of childhood cancer survivors drive risk-stratified therapy in pediatric genitourinary tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA. scastell@wfubmc.edu
authors.forename: Sharon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Castellino
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: McLean
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012208:Rhabdomyosarcoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014565:Urogenital Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D009396:Wilms Tumor / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy