title: Rickettsia peacockii, an endosymbiont of Dermacentor andersoni, does not elicit or inhibit humoral immune responses from immunocompetent D. andersoni or Ixodes scapularis cell lines.
abstract: Ixodes scapularis and Dermacentor andersoni cell lines were stimulated with heat-killed Escherichia coli and Micrococcus luteus to investigate whether infection by Rickettsia peacockii, an endosymbiont of D. andersoni, modifies humoral immune responses. Radial diffusion assays, western blotting, flow cytometry, and quantitative reverse-transcription PCR were used to determine if expression of bacteriolytic peptides, including lysozyme and defensin, was upregulated by bacterial stimulation or infection with R. peacockii. The I. scapularis line IDE12 upregulated expression of lysozyme and defensin following stimulation. The D. andersoni cell line DAE15 also expressed defensin and lysozyme, but only lysozyme was upregulated by bacterial stimulation. R. peacockii infection alone, or in cells stimulated with bacteria, did not modify defensin or lysozyme expression in either cell line. These results suggest tick endosymbionts may avoid recognition by the tick immune system, and infection may not affect humoral immune responses to bacteria not normally associated with ticks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 219 Hodson Hall, 1980 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Mattila
authors.forename: Ulrike G
authors.initials: UG
authors.lastname: Munderloh
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Kurtti
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D023082:Defensins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D003870:Dermacentor / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D018884:Ixodes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009113:Muramidase / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012281:Rickettsia / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013559:Symbiosis
chemical_list: D023082:Defensins; D009113:Muramidase