title: Synthetic vaccine update: applying lessons learned from recent SPf66 malarial vaccine physicochemical, structural and immunological characterization.
abstract: The SPf66 synthetic malaria vaccine, developed and obtained almost 2 decades ago, represents the first approach towards developing a multi-antigenic, multi-stage synthetic malarial vaccine composed of subunits derived from different Plasmodium falciparum stage proteins. It is shown here that batches 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 produced from a few milligrams to kilogram amounts and used in assays on monkeys and humans showed high reproducibility in physicochemical analysis. (1)H NMR two-dimensional studies also revealed high similarity, even in non-oxidized batches. Reproducibility was also high, especially in preclinical studies carried out on Aotus, clinical trials Phase I, IIa and IIb and field-studies carried out in La Tola, Rio Rosario (Colombia), Majadas (Venezuela), La Te (Ecuador), Ifakara (Tanzania) in which there was high antibody titer production, having similar population distribution when done with different batches. These results provide great support for peptide-synthesized vaccines containing minimal epitopes from protection-inducing antigens which have several advantages, such as low cost, safety, reproducibility, stability, being straightforwardly scaled-up from milligram to kilogram amounts; make them the vaccines of choice for the future in a worldwide attempt to scourge diseases such as malaria.
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bermúdez
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.forename: Fanny
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guzmán
authors.forename: Magnolia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vanegas
authors.forename: Jaiver
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosas
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Amador
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: Manuel Alfonso
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Patarroyo
authors.forename: Manuel Elkin
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Patarroyo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000276:immunology*; D016645:Aotidae; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D017780:Malaria Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology*; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D017780:Malaria Vaccines; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C066269:SPf66 protein, Plasmodium; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic