Monothiol glutaredoxins: a common domain for multiple functions.
Monothiol glutaredoxins with the CGFS sequence at the active site are widespread among prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Two subclasses exist, those with a single glutaredoxin domain and those with a thioredoxin-like region followed by one or more glutaredoxin domains. Studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have demonstrated the role of the Grx5 protein in the biogenesis of iron-sulfur clusters. Grx5 homologues in other eukaryotes could carry out similar functions. Two S. cerevisiae monothiol glutaredoxins with the thioredoxin-like extension, Grx3 and Grx4, are modulators of the transcriptional activator Aft1, which regulates iron uptake in yeast. The human PICOT protein is a Grx3/Grx4 homologue with the same hybrid primary structure that regulates protein kinase C activity and may participate in physiological processes such as control of cardiac function. Therefore, monothiol glutaredoxins share a common basic structural motif and biochemical mechanism of action, while participating in a diversity of cellular functions as protein redox regulators.
Herrero
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Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, IRBLLEIDA, Universitat de Lleida, Montserrat Roig 2, Lleida, Spain. enric.herrero@cmb.udl.es
de la Torre-Ruiz
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MA
D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054477:Glutaredoxins; D006801:Humans; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
D002352:Carrier Proteins; C404105:GLRX3 protein, human; D054477:Glutaredoxins; C516012:Grx4 protein, S cerevisiae; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D014157:Transcription Factors; D010088:Oxidoreductases