title: Prostaglandin E2-EP4 receptor promotes endothelial cell migration via ERK activation and angiogenesis in vivo.
abstract: Prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)), a major product of cyclooxygenase, exerts its functions by binding to four G protein-coupled receptors (EP1-4) and has been implicated in modulating angiogenesis. The present study examined the role of the EP4 receptor in regulating endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tubulogenesis. Primary pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells were isolated from EP4(flox/flox) mice and were rendered null for the EP4 receptor with adenoCre virus. Whereas treatment with PGE(2) or the EP4 selective agonists PGE(1)-OH and ONO-AE1-329 induced migration, tubulogenesis, ERK activation and cAMP production in control adenovirus-transduced endothelial EP4(flox/flox) cells, no effects were seen in adenoCre-transduced EP4(flox/flox) cells. The EP4 agonist-induced endothelial cell migration was inhibited by ERK, but not PKA inhibitors, defining a functional link between PGE(2)-induced endothelial cell migration and EP4-mediated ERK signaling. Finally, PGE(2), as well as PGE(1)-OH and ONO-AE1-329, also promoted angiogenesis in an in vivo sponge assay providing evidence that the EP4 receptor mediates de novo vascularization in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.
authors.forename: Reena
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Reyadh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Redha
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Macias-Perez
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Chuanming
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Roy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zent
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Breyer
authors.forename: Ambra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pozzi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017931:DNA Primers; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000502:physiology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D018078:Receptors, Prostaglandin E / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D058309:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; C545651:Ptger4 protein, mouse; D018078:Receptors, Prostaglandin E; D058309:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D015232:Dinoprostone