title: Risk-inducing activities leading to injuries in a child and adolescent population of Germany.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Injuries are the most common cause of mortality in children, also accounting considerably for childhood morbidity. However, data on injuries only provide valid information on the actual risk of each injury-causing activity when taken in consideration of the relationship with actual activity exposure data. Therefore, the primary goal of this investigation is to determine the relative risk of normal child and adolescent activities.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1, 1999 to December 31, 2001, a school questioning in regard to social, pedagogic, and leisure activities was performed among 2,325 students ranging from 6 to 17 years old. A total of 3,645 injuries sustained by children and adolescents treated at the surgical emergency department of the University Hospital Dresden were analyzed. Furthermore, a danger awareness test was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-three percent of all injuries happened during leisure time, 41% at school, 8% in traffic, and 8% at home. Bicycle riding was pointed out as the most frequent leisure activity, regardless of gender and age. Horse riding had a 9-fold increased risk and moped driving had a 23.75-fold increased risk for injury compared with adolescent bike riding. Horse riding and snowboarding showed an increased risk for injury in children (5.6- and 4.2-fold, relative to biking). The level of danger awareness was significantly lower in children with a history of frequent injuries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The riskier activities were horse-riding, moped driving, and snowboarding. The level of danger awareness did affect the frequency of injuries. The authors recommend a danger awareness test for all children to identify those who would benefit from injury prevention training.
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden. schneidersw@gmx.de
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schneiders
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rollow
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rammelt
authors.forename: Renè
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grass
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Holch
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Serra
authors.forename: Susann
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: Eva-Maria
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Gruner
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schlag
authors.forename: Dietmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Roesner
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zwipp
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D001642:Bicycling / Q000293:injuries; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities; D012309:Risk-Taking; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology