title: Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma presenting as an acute orbital mass in the medial rectus muscle.
abstract: Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common pediatric primary neoplasm in the orbit, often presenting with rapid proptosis and orbital symptoms. We describe a 15-year-old girl who presented with an acute mass in her medial rectus muscle that was subsequently diagnosed as widely disseminated alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. To our knowledge, this represents the first reported case in which an enlarged extraocular muscle was the initial manifestation of disseminated alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Education, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
authors.forename: Justis P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ehlers
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Penne
authors.forename: Ralph C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Eagle
authors.forename: Jacqueline R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Carrasco
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D005094:Exophthalmos / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D000071161:Forkhead Box Protein O1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000473:pathology*; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D000072041:PAX3 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D018232:Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar / Q000737:chemistry / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D014178:Translocation, Genetic
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C085126:FOXO1 protein, human; D000071161:Forkhead Box Protein O1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D000072041:PAX3 Transcription Factor; C489409:PAX3 protein, human; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors