title: A study of polypharmacy with second generation antipsychotics in patients with severe and persistent mental illness.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a paucity of empirical support for polypharmacy with second generation (atypical) antipsychotics (SGAs), especially in understudied populations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the frequency, effectiveness, and safety of this practice in patients with severe and persistent mental illness who are chronically hospitalized.
  
  
  METHODS
  A chart review was conducted at a state psychiatric hospital in Syracuse, NY. The study subjects (N=26) were chronically hospitalized individuals with DSM-IV diagnoses of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who were initially prescribed at least one SGA and then received at least one other SGA during the study period. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Baseline and 6-month assessments were compared for statistical significance (p<0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 117 chronically hospitalized inpatients at the study center, 22.2% (N=26) received treatment regimens involving polypharmacy with SGAs. These patients as a group achieved statistically significant reductions on their scores on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (34.2 +/- 11.0 compared with 25.3 +/- 11.8; p=0.016) and the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement Scale (5.5 +/- 0.6 compared with. 5.0 +/- 0.8; p=0.016) at 6 months. There was a significant decrease in the use of prn medications (7.6 +/- 19.6 compared with 1.6 +/- 2.6; p<0.04). However, the number of patients receiving anticholinergic medications increased from 5 to 8 (p<0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polypharmacy with SGAs is quite frequent among chronic inpatients with severe and persistent mental illness despite a limited empirical database supporting its use. The results of our pilot study do not demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of this practice. However, methodological shortcomings may have contributed to our failure to detect a true, positive effect. Controlled studies are needed to accurately determine the risks and benefits of SGA polypharmacy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA. MegnaJ@upstate.edu
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Megna
authors.forename: Arun R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kunwar
authors.forename: Kamna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mahlotra
authors.forename: Marie D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Sauro
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Devitt
authors.forename: Ayesha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rashid
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D010054:Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003024:Clozapine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000187:drug effects; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D003024:Clozapine