title: Interrelationships among measures of premature ejaculation: the central role of perceived control.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Domains of premature ejaculation (PE) include short intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT), poor perceived control over ejaculation, decreased satisfaction with sexual intercourse, and personal distress and interpersonal difficulty related to ejaculation. How these measures interrelate is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Here, we evaluated the interrelationships between these PE-specific variables, applying cross-sectional data from a large U.S. observational study of men with PE.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data from men with PE identified in a previously reported observational study. PE was diagnosed by experienced clinicians using the criteria specified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, text revision.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects reported their stopwatch-measured IELT, perceived control over ejaculation, satisfaction with sexual intercourse, personal distress related to ejaculation, and interpersonal difficulty related to ejaculation. Relationships between variables were assessed using bivariate correlations, and the strength and significance of direct or indirect effects between variables were evaluated using a form of regression analysis known as path analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bivariate Pearson correlation coefficients for all relationships were significant at the P <or= 0.05 level, with the exception of IELT and interpersonal difficulty related to ejaculation. When all variables were included in the model, IELT showed a significant direct effect on perceived control over ejaculation but did not show a significant direct effect on ejaculation-related personal distress or satisfaction with sexual intercourse. Perceived control over ejaculation showed a significant direct effect on both ejaculation-related personal distress and satisfaction with sexual intercourse, which each showed direct effects on interpersonal difficulty related to ejaculation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The patient's perception of control over ejaculation is central to understanding how PE is associated with satisfaction with sexual intercourse and ejaculation-related distress. In contrast, the association of IELT with satisfaction with sexual intercourse and distress related to ejaculation is mediated by perceived control over ejaculation.
authors.affiliation: University of Washington-Department of Health Services and Epidemiology, Seattle, WA, USA;. Electronic address: donald@u.washington.edu.
authors.forename: Donald L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Patrick
authors.affiliation: Valparaiso University-Kretzmann Hall, Valparaiso, IN, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rowland
authors.affiliation: Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Services, LLC- Patient-Reported Outcomes, Raritan, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rothman
mesh_terms: D003075:Coitus / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012649:Self Concept; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D020018:Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology