title: The contribution of single antigen measles, mumps and rubella vaccines to immunity to these infections in England and Wales.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To obtain information on the use of single antigen measles, mumps and rubella vaccines to improve estimates of population immunity and help predict outbreaks.
  
  
  METHODS
  We requested information from providers of single antigen vaccines and from the Medicine and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency on requests for importation of single antigen measles and mumps vaccines.
  
  
  METHODS
  England and Wales.
  
  
  METHODS
  Number of doses of single measles, mumps and rubella vaccine, by age of child (in months), year given and area of residence, and number of children who have received all three single vaccinations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 27 providers identified, 13 held single site clinics: nine were individual general practitioners and five held clinics at multiple sites. Data were received from 9/27 (33%) providers operating 40/74 (54%) clinic sites. We received information on 60 768 vaccinations administered by single vaccine providers and 269 917 doses requested for importation. For children born in 2001/2002, the minimum estimates for the proportion who received single measles vaccine are 1.7% in 2001 and 2.1% in 2002, with a reasonable maximum estimate of 5.6% over the 2 years. For single mumps vaccine, the minimum estimates are 0.3% in 2001 and 0.02% in 2002, with a maximum estimate of 4.0%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The contribution of single vaccines to immunity is small in comparison to that of the combined measles, mumps and rubella vaccine (MMR). For recent birth cohorts this contribution could increase routine coverage for measles-containing vaccines by around 2%, still below the level of immunity required to sustain elimination.
authors.affiliation: Immunisation Department, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London, UK.
authors.forename: Pam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sonnenberg
authors.forename: Natasha S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Crowcroft
authors.forename: Joanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ramsay
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007110:Immunity, Active / Q000276:immunology*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008457:Measles / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D022542:Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine / Q000276:immunology*; D009107:Mumps / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010290:Parents; D012409:Rubella / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D014611:Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014852:Wales / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D022542:Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine