title: [Study of the correlation between HER-2 gene and lymphangiogenesis and their prognostic significance in human breast cancer].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the molecular mechanism of poor prognosis in HER-2 overexpressing breast carcinoma, to study the correlation between angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis and HER-2, and the effect of them in the progression and prognosis, so as to provide novel molecular markers for lymph node metastasis and prognosis in breast carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  (1) By using TaqMan real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time qRT-PCR) technique and immunohistochemistry (IHC), the mRNA and protein expression of VEGF-C were detected in SKBR-3 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines before and after the interference with Herceptin. (2) Real-time qRT-PCR was performed to detect the mRNA expression of VEGF-C and -D genes in 67 cases of primary breast infiltrating ductal carcinoma. (3) 160 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded infiltrating ductal carcinomas were selected. The protein expression of HER-2, VEGF-C, lymphatic vessel density (LVD) and lymphatic vessel invasion (LVI) were detected by IHC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) After interference with Herceptin, the VEGF-C mRNA and protein expression of sKBR-3 the cells decreased significantly. In primary breast cancer, the protein expression of HER-2 was positively correlated with VEGF-C protein expression (r = 0.215, P < 0.05). There was a significantly positive correlation between VEGF-C protein expression and LVD (r = 0.248, P < 0.01). (2) VEGF-C mRNA expression in the patients with lymph node metastasis was higher than that in the patients without lymph node metastasis (1.6 +/- 0.5 vs 1.1 +/- 0.5) (t = 2.196, P < 0.05). Logistic regression model showed HER-2, LVD and LVI were important factors influencing lymph node metastasis (all P < 0.05). (3) Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that HER-2 protein overexpression, VEGF-C protein overexpression, and high LVD and LVI were associated with patient's worse disease-free survival (P(uni) < 0.05). Cox regression analysis indicated that HER-2 and LVI were the independent prognostic factors of breast cancer (both P(mult) < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Through up-regulating VEGF-C expression, HER-2 overexpression induces lymphangiogenesis, promotes metastasis, and results in the poor prognosis of breast cancer. VEGF-C expression, LVD and LVI are novel prognostic indicators of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Gui-hong
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wen-tao
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xiao-yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Hong-fen
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Da-ren
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D042583:Lymphangiogenesis; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016019:Survival Analysis; D000068878:Trastuzumab; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D000068878:Trastuzumab; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C