title: Improved diagnostic efficacy by rapid cytology test in fluoroscopy-guided bronchoscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fluoroscopy-guided bronchoscopy is a safe and routine method used to obtain a histologic or cytologic specimen of peripheral lung nodules, but it has low sensitivity in diagnosing malignant tumors. Although feedback from rapid cytology tests are expected to improve diagnostic rates, the value of the routine use of rapid cytology tests has not been established.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively studied 657 patients with suspected peripheral malignant lung lesions on chest computed tomography who underwent fluoroscopy-guided bronchoscopy between January 2002 and December 2004. Rapid on-site cytopathologic examinations (ROSE) were performed during bronchoscopic examinations. The additional approach to the lesions was performed immediately after conventional bronchoscopic examinations when ROSE was not considered diagnostic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 528 patients diagnosed as having malignant lesions. In 477 of these patients (90.3%), final malignant diagnosis was established by the initial bronchoscopy. Among these, 84 patients (15.9%) were diagnosed only with the additional feedback from ROSE. Of 240 peripheral lesions < or =2 cm, 174 were found to be malignant. Without ROSE, 110 (63.2%) of peripheral malignant lesions were diagnosed by bronchoscopy. The integration of ROSE enabled us to diagnose an additional 40 patients (23.0%) by bronchoscopy. ROSE improved diagnostic yield independent of the site and histology of the lesions and experience of the operators.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ROSE increased the diagnostic yield of bronchoscopy from 74.4% to 90.3% and therefore is an effective reinforcement in bronchoscopic diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary malignancies. The use of ROSE in routine bronchoscopy should be encouraged.
authors.affiliation: Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, Japan. utida-ju@mc.pref.osaka.jp
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.forename: Akemi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takenaka
authors.forename: Mana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Kiyonobu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: Tomio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Yoshitane
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsukamoto
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Higashiyama
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kusunoki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D003581:Cytodiagnosis; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity