title: G1 phase cell cycle arrest induced by SARS-CoV 3a protein via the cyclin D3/pRb pathway.
abstract: SARS-CoV 3a is a structural protein, mainly localizing to Golgi apparatus and co-localizing with SARS-CoV M in co-transfected cells. Here we observed that transient expression of 3a inhibited cell growth and prevented 5-bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, suggesting that 3a deregulated cell cycle progression. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that 3a expression was associated with blockage of cell cycle progression at G1 phase in HEK 293, COS-7, and Vero cells 24-60 h after transfection. Mutation analysis of 3a revealed that C-terminal region (176 aa approximately 274 aa), including a potential calcium ATPase motif, was essential for induction of cell cycle arrest. Topological analysis showed that 3a predominantly located in Golgi apparatus, with its N-terminus residing in the lumen (Nlum) and C-terminus in the cytosol (Ccyt). Analyzing the cellular proteins involving in regulation of cell cycle progression, we demonstrated that 3a expression was correlated with a significant reduction of cyclin D3 level and phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein at Ser-795 and Ser-809/811, not with the expression of cyclin D1, D2, cdk4, and cdk6 in 293 cells. Increases in p53 phosphorylation on Ser-15 were observed in both SARS-CoV M and 3a transfected cells, suggesting that it might not correlate with the 3a-induced G0/G1 phase arrest. The reduction of cyclin D3 level and phosphorylation of Rb were further confirmed in SARS-CoV infected Vero cells. These results indicate that SARS-CoV 3a protein, through limiting the expression of cyclin D3, may inhibit Rb phosphorylation, which in turn leads to a block in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and an inhibition of cell proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, No. 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Zhenyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yusen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yajun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Zhenhu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.forename: Jiapei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yuwen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D056743:Cyclin D3; D016213:Cyclins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016193:G1 Phase; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009154:Mutation; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D014709:Vero Cells; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins
chemical_list: C487105:3a protein, SARS-CoV; C534696:CCND3 protein, human; D056743:Cyclin D3; D016213:Cyclins; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins