title: Frequency doubling perimetry and short-wavelength automated perimetry to detect early glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the ability of short-wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP) and frequency doubling perimetry (FDP) to detect early glaucoma damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective case-control study using a comparative case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two patients with preperimetric glaucomatous optic nerve damage and a normal standard achromatic perimetry (SAP) in 1 eye, but with contralateral SAP abnormalities, and 35 normals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two patients and 35 normals underwent SWAP and FDP (Humphrey 24-2; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, CA). Correlations of mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD) of the 2 groups were calculated. The number of defects at P<0.05 and P<0.01 on total deviation (TD) and pattern deviation (PD) plots were compared. Diagnostic precision and agreement on location of abnormalities were determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Correlations and comparisons of global indices between SWAP and FDP: MD, PSD, TD, and PD abnormal number of points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant correlations in the glaucoma group were found between SWAP and FDP for MD (r = 0.54; P<0.008) and PSD (r = 0.49; P<0.001). Defects on the TD and PD plots were detected more frequently by FDP in the glaucoma group, although they were significant only for PD at P<0.01 (P = 0.024). Areas under receiver operator characteristic curves for MD of SWAP and PSD of FDP were 0.74 and 0.67, respectively (P = 0.37). Using defined defect criteria, FDP had a significantly higher sensitivity (72% vs. 54%; P = 0.02) and similar specificity (53% vs. 44%; P = 0.12) compared with SWAP. Agreement on defect location was moderate (kappa, 0.46). Testing time for SWAP was longer than for FDP in both glaucomatous and normal eyes (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short-wavelength automated perimetry and FDP showed similar ability to detect visual dysfunction in patients with preperimetric glaucoma. Long-term follow-up is required to define their role in predicting subsequent SAP defects.
authors.affiliation: Glaucoma Division, Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Narakorn
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Leeprechanon
authors.forename: Joann A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Giaconi
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manassakorn
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Caprioli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014792:Visual Acuity; D058609:Visual Field Tests / Q000379:methods*; D014794:Visual Fields