title: Improved chemical synthesis and demonstration of the relaxin receptor binding affinity and biological activity of mouse relaxin.
abstract: The primary stored and circulating form of relaxin in humans, human gene-2 (H2) relaxin, has potent antifibrotic properties with rapidly occurring efficacy. However, when administered to experimental models of fibrosis, H2 relaxin can only be applied over short-term (2-4 week) periods, due to rodents mounting an antibody response to the exogenous human relaxin, resulting in delayed clearance and, hence, increased and variable circulating levels. To overcome this problem, the current study investigated the therapeutic potential of mouse relaxin over long-term exposure in vivo. Mouse relaxin is unique among the known relaxins in that it possesses an extra residue within the C-terminal region of its A-chain. To enable a detailed assessment of its receptor interaction and biological properties, it was chemically synthesized in good overall yield by the separate preparation of each of its A- and B-chains followed by regioselective formation of each of the intramolecular and two intermolecular disulfide bonds. Murine relaxin was shown to bind with high affinity to the human, mouse, and rat RXFP1 (primary relaxin) receptor but with a slightly lower affinity to that of H2 relaxin. When administered to relaxin-deficient mice (which undergo an age-dependent progression of organ fibrosis) over a 4 month treatment period, mouse relaxin was able to significantly inhibit the progression of collagen accumulation in several organs including the lung, kidney, testis, and skin (all p < 0.05 vs untreated group), consistent with the actions of H2 relaxin. These combined data demonstrate that mouse relaxin can effectively inhibit collagen deposition and accumulation (fibrosis) over long-term treatment periods.
authors.affiliation: Howard Florey Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Chrishan S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Samuel
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Mohammed Akhter
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hossain
authors.forename: Chongxin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ferraro
authors.forename: Ross A D
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bathgate
authors.forename: Geoffrey W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Tregear
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wade
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007672:Kidney Cortex / Q000473:pathology; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010452:Peptide Biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism*; D018000:Receptors, Peptide / Q000378:metabolism*; D012065:Relaxin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology; D013737:Testis / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D018000:Receptors, Peptide; C033395:relaxin receptors; D012065:Relaxin