Barbershops as hypertension detection, referral, and follow-up centers for black men.
Barbershops constitute potential sites for community health promotion programs targeting hypertension (HTN) in black men, but such programs have not been evaluated previously. Here we conducted 2 nonrandomized feasibility studies to determine whether an enhanced intervention program of continuous blood pressure (BP) monitoring and peer-based health messaging in a barbershop lowers BP more than standard screening and health education (study 1) and can be implemented by barbers rather than research personnel (study 2). In study 1, we measured changes in HTN treatment and BP in regular barbershop customers with poorly controlled HTN assigned for 8 months to either an enhanced intervention group (n=36) or a contemporaneous comparison group (n=27). Groups were similar at baseline. BP fell by 16+/-3/9+/-2 mm Hg in the enhanced intervention group but was unchanged in the comparison group (P<0.0001, adjusted for age and body mass index). HTN treatment and control increased from 47% to 92% (P<0.001) and 19% to 58% (P<0.001), respectively, in the enhanced intervention group, whereas both remained unchanged in the comparison group. In study 2, barbers were trained to administer the enhanced intervention continuously for 14 months to the entire adult black male clientele (n=321) in 1 shop. Six barbers recorded 8953 BP checks during 11 066 haircuts, thus demonstrating a high degree of intervention fidelity. Furthermore, among 107 regular customers with HTN, treatment and control increased progressively with increasing intervention exposure (P<0.01). Taken together, these data suggest that black-owned barbershops can be transformed into effective HTN detection, referral, and follow-up centers. Further research is warranted.
Hess
Paul L
PL
Division of Hypertension, Donald W. Reynolds Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8586, USA.
Reingold
Jason S
JS
Jones
Jennifer
J
Fellman
Melissa A
MA
Knowles
Premere
P
Ravenell
Joseph E
JE
Kim
Stacey
S
Raju
Jamie
J
Ruger
Erica
E
Clark
Sharonda
S
Okoro
Chibuike
C
Ogunji
Ore
O
Knowles
Patricia
P
Leonard
David
D
Wilson
Ruth P
RP
Haley
Robert W
RW
Ferdinand
Keith C
KC
Freeman
Anne
A
Victor
Ronald G
RG
D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001461:Barbering; D044383:Black People; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010379:Peer Group; D012017:Referral and Consultation
D000959:Antihypertensive Agents