title: Dietary intake and a food-frequency instrument to evaluate a nutrition intervention for the Apache in Arizona.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate how dietary data collected from 24-hour dietary recalls were incorporated into the development of a quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (QFFQ) for the Apache in Arizona.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was first conducted using 24-hour dietary recalls to identify foods for inclusion on a QFFQ that would be used to evaluate a nutrition intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  The White Mountain and San Carlos Apache reservations in East-central Arizona.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 24-hour dietary recalls were collected from a random sample of 53 adults (34 women and 19 men).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A QFFQ was developed that included all foods reported by two or more respondents, plus traditional and seasonal foods. Portion size was assessed using familiar household units and culturally appropriate food models. The final instrument contains 155 foods. Frequency of consumption is assessed using eight categories ranking from 'never or less than once a month' to '2 or more times a day'. Nutrient intakes and the five major food sources of energy, fat and sugar are presented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The QFFQ developed is complete and up-to-date for assessing usual food and nutrient intake for the Apache in Arizona. The instrument will be used to evaluate a food store-based nutrition intervention to reduce risk of chronic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Etiology Program, Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii, 1236 Lauhala Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA. gsharma@crch.hawaii.edu
authors.forename: Sangita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gittelsohn
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Anliker
authors.forename: Becky
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ethelbah
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Caballero
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001130:Arizona; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000592:standards*; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012621:Seasons; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats