title: Incretin levels and effect are markedly enhanced 1 month after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in obese patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Limited data on patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RY-GBP) suggest that an improvement in insulin secretion after surgery occurs rapidly and thus may not be wholly accounted for by weight loss. We hypothesized that in obese patients with type 2 diabetes the impaired levels and effect of incretins changed as a consequence of RY-GBP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incretin (gastric inhibitory peptide [GIP] and glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1]) levels and their effect on insulin secretion were measured before and 1 month after RY-GBP in eight obese women with type 2 diabetes and in seven obese nondiabetic control subjects. The incretin effect was measured as the difference in insulin secretion (area under the curve [AUC]) in response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and to an isoglycemic intravenous glucose test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fasting and stimulated levels of GLP-1 and GIP were not different between control subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes before the surgery. One month after RY-GBP, body weight decreased by 9.2 +/- 7.0 kg, oral glucose-stimulated GLP-1 (AUC) and GIP peak levels increased significantly by 24.3 +/- 7.9 pmol x l(-1) x min(-1) (P < 0.0001) and 131 +/- 85 pg/ml (P = 0.007), respectively. The blunted incretin effect markedly increased from 7.6 +/- 28.7 to 42.5 +/- 11.3 (P = 0.005) after RY-GBP, at which it time was not different from that for the control subjects (53.6 +/- 23.5%, P = 0.284).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that early after RY-GBP, greater GLP-1 and GIP release could be a potential mediator of improved insulin secretion.
authors.affiliation: Obesity Research Center, St. Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1111 Amsterdam Ave., New York, NY 10025, USA. bbl14@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Blandine
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Laferrère
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heshka
authors.forename: Krystle
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yasmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McGinty
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: Allison B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: Blanca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Olivan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D015390:Gastric Bypass; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D011184:Postoperative Period
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1