title: Characterization of extremity wounds in Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Extremity wounds and fractures traditionally comprise the majority of traumatic injuries in US armed conflicts. Little has been published regarding the extremity wounding patterns and fracture distribution in the current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. The intent of this study was to describe the distribution of extremity fractures during this current conflict.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive epidemiologic study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Joint Theater Trauma Registry was queried for all US service members receiving treatment for wounds (ICD-9 codes 800-960) sustained in Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) from October 2001 through January 2005. Returned-to-duty and nonbattle injuries were excluded. Wounds were classified according to region and type. Extremity wounds were analyzed in detail and compared to published results from previous conflicts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1281 soldiers sustained 3575 extremity combat wounds. Fifty-three percent of these were penetrating soft-tissue wounds and 26% were fractures. Of the 915 fractures, 758 (82%) were open fractures. The 915 fractures were evenly distributed between the upper (461, 50%) and lower extremities (454, 50%). The most common fracture in the upper extremity was in the hand (36%) and in the lower extremity was the tibia and fibula (48%). Explosive munitions accounted for 75% of the mechanisms of injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The burden of wounds sustained in OIF/OEF is extremity injuries, specifically soft-tissue wounds and fractures. These results are similar to the reported casualties from previous wars.
authors.affiliation: US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA. b.owens@us.army.mil
authors.forename: Brett D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Kragh
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Macaitis
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Svoboda
authors.forename: Joseph C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wenke
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005121:Extremities / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007493:Iraq; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014857:Warfare; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology