title: Quantitative ultrasound measurements in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with end-stage renal disease.
abstract: The aim of the study was to assess skeletal status in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). One hundred twenty-three patients with ESRD (57 patients with diabetes: 9 type 1 and 48 type 2) and 66 nondiabetic patients were evaluated. Control group comprised 1541 subjects (614 males and 927 females). Diabetes and/or renal insufficiency was the only reason of bone disease and, in control group, no factors known to influence bone metabolism (chronic diseases or prolonged medications) were noted. Skeletal status was evaluated by quantitative ultrasound measurements at the hand phalanges using DBM 1200 (IGEA, Carpi, Italy), which measures amplitude-dependent speed of sound (Ad-SoS [m/s]). Because of some differences in mean age in subgroups of patients and controls, comparisons were performed using values of Z-score. In all diabetic patients, Z-score was significantly higher compared with nondiabetics (p < 0.05). In all type 1 diabetes patients, Z-score was significantly lower than in all nondiabetic patients (p < 0.05) and in patients with type 2 diabetes (p < 0.001). Z-score was also significantly lower in type 2 diabetics than in nondiabetic females (p < 0.00001) but did not differ in males. Comparisons between Z-scores in controls and patients showed that Z-score in nondiabetic females was significantly lower than in female controls (p < 0.000001), and in nondiabetic males--diabetic type 2 males as well as females--Z-score did not differ vs. results in adequate control group. Z-score was significantly lower in patients with diabetes type 1 vs. all controls (p < 0.001). Correlation analysis showed in all nondiabetic patients that Z-score was negatively affected by duration time of dialysis (r = -0.37, p < 0.01) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) serum level (r = -0.35, p < 0.01). In patients with type 1 diabetes, only PTH influenced significantly Z-score (r = -0.76, p < 0.05) and, in patients with type 2 diabetes, no significant correlations were obtained. Subjects with type 1 diabetes seemed to be sensitive for skeletal disturbances in a course of renal insufficiency, whereas subjects with type 2 diabetes did not show such skeletal pathology as shown by ultrasound measurements at hand phalanges.
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, Department and Clinic of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Nephrology, Silesian School of Medicine, Katowice, Poland. osteolesna@poczta.onet.pl
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pluskiewicz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gumprecht
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zywiec
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kuźniewicz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D050278:Finger Phalanges / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012737:Sex Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography