title: Detection of lymph-node metastases with integrated [11C]choline PET/CT in patients with PSA failure after radical retropubic prostatectomy: results confirmed by open pelvic-retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively evaluate the accuracy of integrated [(11)C]choline-PET/CT in the diagnosis of lymph-node recurrence in prostate cancer patients with biochemical failure after surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since October 2002, 25 patients with biochemical recurrence (median PSA: 1.98 ng/ml), based on evidence of lymph-node metastases on [(11)C]choline-PET/CT scan (21 cases) or conventional imaging (4 cases), were scheduled for either bilateral pelvic (12 cases) or both pelvic and retroperitoneal lymph-node dissection (13 patients).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-three nodal sites were evaluated histologically. The mean number of nodes removed and positive nodes were 21.92+/-16.91 (range: 4-74) and 8.84+/-9.65 (range: 1-31), respectively. Of the four patients with negative [(11)C]choline-PET/CT and positive magnetic resonance, none had nodal metastases. Nineteen of the 21 patients (90%) with positive [(11)C]choline-PET/CT had nodal metastases of prostate adenocarcinoma at histologic evaluation. A lesion-based analysis showed that [(11)C]choline-PET/CT sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 64%, 90%, 86%, 72%, and 77%, respectively. The mean maximum diameter of true positive metastases was larger than false-negative ones (15.0 vs. 6.3mm; p=0.0004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  [(11)C]Choline-PET/CT is an accurate diagnostic tool for the detection of lymph-node metastases of recurrent prostate cancer. The low negative predictive value seems to depend on the limited capability of [(11)C]choline-PET/CT to detect microscopic lesions. The high positive predictive value, even with low PSA values, provides a basis for further treatment decisions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Vita-Salute, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. scattoni.vincenzo@hsr.it
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Scattoni
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Picchio
authors.forename: Nazareno
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suardi
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Messa
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Freschi
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roscigno
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Da Pozzo
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bocciardi
authors.forename: Patrizio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rigatti
authors.forename: Ferruccio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fazio
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002794:Choline; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D002794:Choline