title: Cadaver dogs--a study on detection of contaminated carpet squares.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cadaver dogs are known as valuable forensic tools in crime scene investigations. Scientific research attempting to verify their value is largely lacking, specifically for scents associated with the early postmortem interval. The aim of our investigation was the comparative evaluation of the reliability, accuracy, and specificity of three cadaver dogs belonging to the Hamburg State Police in the detection of scents during the early postmortem interval.
  
  
  METHODS
  Carpet squares were used as an odor transporting media after they had been contaminated with the scent of two recently deceased bodies (PMI<3h). The contamination occurred for 2 min as well as 10 min without any direct contact between the carpet and the corpse. Comparative searches by the dogs were performed over a time period of 65 days (10 min contamination) and 35 days (2 min contamination).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of this study indicate that the well-trained cadaver dog is an outstanding tool for crime scene investigation displaying excellent sensitivity (75-100), specificity (91-100), and having a positive predictive value (90-100), negative predictive value (90-100) as well as accuracy (92-100).
authors.affiliation: Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg, Germany. lars.oesterhelweg@irm.unibe.ch
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Oesterhelweg
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kröber
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rottmann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Willhöft
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Thies
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Püschel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Silkenath
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gehl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002102:Cadaver; D004285:Dogs; D005430:Floors and Floorcoverings; D005554:Forensic Medicine; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009812:Odorants; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012903:Smell