title: Long-term outcomes of performing a postdoctoral research fellowship during general surgery residency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether dedicated research time during surgical residency leads to funding following postgraduate training.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Unlike other medical specialties, a significant number of general surgery residents spend 1 to 3 years in dedicated laboratory research during their training. The impact this has on obtaining peer reviewed research funding after residency is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey of all graduates of an academic general surgery resident program from 1990 to 2005 (n = 105).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-five (71%) of survey recipients responded, of which 66 performed protected research during residency. Fifty-one currently perform research (mean effort, 26%; range, 2%-75%). Twenty-three respondents who performed research during residency (35%) subsequently received independent faculty funding. Thirteen respondents (20%) obtained NIH grants following residency training. The number of papers authored during resident research was associated with obtaining subsequent faculty grant support (9.3 vs. 5.2, P = 0.02). Faculty funding was associated with obtaining independent research support during residency (42% vs. 17%, P = 0.04). NIH-funded respondents spent more combined years in research before and during residency (3.7 vs. 2.8, P = 0.02). Academic surgeons rated research fellowships more relevant to their current job than private practitioners (4.3 vs. 3.4 by Likert scale, P < 0.05). Both groups considered research a worthwhile use of their time during residency (4.5 vs. 4.1, P = not significant).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A large number of surgical trainees who perform a research fellowship in the middle of residency subsequently become funded investigators in this single-center survey. The likelihood of obtaining funding after residency is related to productivity and obtaining grant support during residency as well as cumulative years of research prior to obtaining a faculty position.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Charles M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Klingensmith
authors.forename: Craig M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Coopersmith
mesh_terms: D005257:Fellowships and Scholarships; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000191:economics; D009316:National Institutes of Health (U.S.) / Q000191:economics; D012106:Research; D012109:Research Support as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States