title: Prenatal thrombosis of the inferior vena cava and the renal veins.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This manuscript discusses the clinical presentation, diagnosis, pathophysiology and possible etiologies of prenatal thrombosis of the inferior vena cava and renal veins.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven cases were identified through a Medline search of the English literature. These cases were reviewed, together with a recent case that was treated in our medical center.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fetal thrombosis in the aforementioned vessels, presented as hydrops fetalis (33%), acute fetal distress (42%), or as an incidental prenatal ultrasound finding (25%). Underlying maternal conditions were present in 58%, and included chronic conditions (hypertension and diabetes mellitus), acute conditions (pyelonephritis and preeclampsia) and thrombophilia. In 42% cases, the prenatal ultrasound scan revealed an enlarged and hyper-echogenic affected kidney.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intrauterine fetal venous thrombosis is a rare phenomenon, probably attributed to a multifactorial process. These factors may include inherited thrombophilia as well as prothrombotic clinical conditions.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assaf Harofe Medical Center, Zerifin, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel. noam_yossi@yahoo.com
authors: Noam
authors: N
authors: Smorgick
authors: Arie
authors: A
authors: Herman
authors: Yifat
authors: Y
authors: Wiener
authors: Reuvit
authors: R
authors: Halperin
authors: Dan
authors: D
authors: Sherman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D012082:Renal Veins / Q000473:pathology*; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000473:pathology*; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis*