Molecular mechanisms of lymphatic vascular development.
Lymphatic vasculature has recently emerged as a prominent area in biomedical research because of its essential role in the maintenance of normal fluid homeostasis and the involvement in pathogenesis of several human diseases, such as solid tumor metastasis, inflammation and lymphedema. Identification of lymphatic endothelial specific markers and regulators, such as VEGFR-3, VEGF-C/D, PROX1, podoplanin, LYVE-1, ephrinB2 and FOXC2, and the development of mouse models have laid a foundation for our understanding of the major steps controlling growth and remodeling of lymphatic vessels. In this review we summarize recent advances in the field and discuss how this knowledge as well as use of model organisms, such as zebrafish and Xenopus, should allow further in depth analysis of the lymphatic vascular system.
Mäkinen
T
T
Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PX, UK.
Norrmén
C
C
Petrova
T V
TV
D042682:Angiopoietins / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000502:physiology; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D042583:Lymphangiogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D042601:Lymphatic Vessels / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D042764:Receptors, TIE / Q000502:physiology; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000502:physiology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000502:physiology; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins / Q000502:physiology
D042682:Angiopoietins; D006133:Growth Substances; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins; D042764:Receptors, TIE; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor