title: The effects of the number of rubber bands placed at each endoscopic session upon variceal outcomes: a prospective, randomized study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the role of the number of bands placed per session upon patient-related and procedural-related outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were assigned to receive as many bands as could be possibly placed (group 1) or up to a maximum of six bands (group 2) per session. The primary outcome measured was the number of sessions to achieve obliteration. Other outcomes measured included: rebleeding, variceal recurrence, mortality (within 6 wk and within 1 yr), complications, banding and total procedure times, and number of bands misfired.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 86 patients were enrolled: 45 in group 1 and 41 in group 2. The two groups had similar age, Child-Pugh scores, grade of varices at entry. The overall proportion of patients achieving obliteration was 56% (53% and 59% for groups 1 and 2, respectively). Despite receiving significantly more mean bands per session, patients in group 1 required similar (mean +/- SEM) number of sessions to obliteration (2.9 +/- 0.3 vs 3.3 +/- 0.3) and total number of bands (20.0 +/- 2.4 vs 16.6 +/- 1.8) to achieve this goal compared with group 2. The overall proportion of patients with variceal rebleeding was 25%, the 1-yr variceal recurrence 31.3%, and the overall early- and 1-yr mortality were 18.6% and 33.7%, respectively. These proportions were similar in the two groups. Banding and total procedure times were significantly longer and associated with significantly more misfired bands per session in group 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with a maximum of six bands per session, the placement of >6 bands per session was not associated with better patient outcomes but with significantly more prolonged banding and total procedure times and significantly more misfired bands.
authors: Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Section, Carl T. Hayden Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85012, USA.
authors: Francisco C
authors: FC
authors: Ramirez
authors: Victor J
authors: VJ
authors: Colon
authors: Derek
authors: D
authors: Landan
authors: Andrew J
authors: AJ
authors: Grade
authors: Elizabeth
authors: E
authors: Evanich
mesh_terms: D001130:Arizona / Q000453:epidemiology; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D004867:Equipment Design; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D016558:Hemostasis, Endoscopic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome