title: Regulation of extracellular calcium in the hippocampus in vivo during epileptiform activity--role of astrocytes.
abstract: Astrocytes have been suggested to regulate the extracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](o)), but this has not been thoroughly investigated. Adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to record changes in [Ca(2+)](o) in the hippocampus during epileptiform activity. Maximal decreases in [Ca(2+)](o) in CA1 were measured in the pyramidal cell layer during 20 Hz, 20s stimulus trains to the contralateral CA3 region. Maximal decreases in [Ca(2+)](o) in the dentate gyrus were measured when maximal dentate activation had appeared-irrespective of the location, frequency or duration of the stimulation. Maximal decreases were 36% greater in the dentate gyrus than in CA1. During prolonged discharges, [Ca(2+)](o) recovered partially towards the baseline in both hippocampal regions. To investigate the role of astrocytes, local injections of fluorocitrate (FC), a metabolic toxin selectively taken up by astrocytes, were used. FC (0.1, 0.25 or 0.5mM FC), but not vehicle (2 microl), caused a small, but significant decrease in the maximal changes in CA1, but an increase in the dentate gyrus. The results suggest that maximal decreases in [Ca(2+)](o) occur in the hippocampus in response to burst firing of neurons and that astrocytes play a minimal role in the regulation of [Ca(2+)](o) during epileptiform activity.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States. janets@bcm.edu <janets@bcm.edu>
authors: Janet L
authors: JL
authors: Stringer
authors: Kakali
authors: K
authors: Mukherjee
authors: Ting
authors: T
authors: Xiang
authors: Kaiping
authors: K
authors: Xu
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002951:Citrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D018891:Dentate Gyrus / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000378:metabolism*; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008839:Microelectrodes; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D002951:Citrates; C007744:fluorocitrate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D002118:Calcium