title: Interferon-associated retinopathy--a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interferon alpha is used for treatment in oncology and for chronic hepatitis C. Interferon-associated retinopathy is not infrequent and typically includes cotton wool spots, haemorrhages, rarely macular or papillary oedema, capillary non-perfusion and sometimes retinal or even choroidal vascular occlusion. The latter may be irreversible, while uncomplicated forms are usually reversible. We report an atypical case of interferon-associated retinopathy, associated with microaneurysms, Roth spots, and retinal pigment changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 63-year-old asymptomatic patient presented with partially white centred, flame-shaped haemorrhages, some cotton wool spots and microaneurysms on both fundi. In addition, the left eye presented chronic pigment epithelium abnormalities surrounding the fovea without signs of exudation, most likely secondary to a previous central retinal exudative detachment combined with choroidal hypoperfusion. Interferon alpha 2a therapy for chronic hepatitis C had been given for 6 months. He was known for arterial hypertension (risk factor), mild microcytic anaemia and mild glucose intolerance, which may be responsible for some unusual features of the retinopathy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient was closely followed, while the interferon therapy was continued on reduced dosage. No vision-threatening complication was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interferon-associated retinopathy may show atypical features. Early diagnosis and careful follow-up are recommended in order to avoid progression to irreversible changes. Dose-reduction or even interruption of interferon treatment needs to be considered in cases of interferon-associated retinopathy.
authors: University Eye Clinic, Jules Gonin Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland. irmela.mantel@ophtal.vd.ch
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Mantel
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Konstantinidis
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Zografos
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000783:Aneurysm / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D015356:Retinal Artery Occlusion / Q000139:chemically induced*; D012174:Retinitis Pigmentosa / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins