title: Are regional variations in end-of-life care intensity explained by patient preferences?: A Study of the US Medicare Population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to test whether variations across regions in end-of-life (EOL) treatment intensity are associated with regional differences in patient preferences for EOL care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dual-language (English/Spanish) survey conducted March to October 2005, either by mail or computer-assisted telephone questionnaire, among a probability sample of 3480 Medicare part A and/or B eligible beneficiaries in the 20% denominator file, age 65 or older on July 1, 2003. Data collected included demographics, health status, and general preferences for medical care in the event the respondent had a serious illness and less than 1 year to live. EOL concerns and preferences were regressed on hospital referral region EOL spending, a validated measure of treatment intensity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2515 Medicare beneficiaries completed the survey (65% response rate). In analyses adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, financial strain, and health status, there were no differences by spending in concern about getting too little treatment (39.6% in lowest spending quintile, Q1; 41.2% in highest, Q5; P value for trend, 0.637) or too much treatment (44.2% Q1, 45.1% Q5; P = 0.797) at the end of life, preference for spending their last days in a hospital (8.4% Q1, 8.5% Q5; P = 0.965), for potentially life-prolonging drugs that made them feel worse all the time (14.4% Q1, 16.5% Q5; P = 0.326), for palliative drugs, even if they might be life-shortening (77.7% Q1, 73.4% Q5; P = 0.138), for mechanical ventilation if it would extend their life by 1 month (21% Q1, 21.4% Q5; P = 0.870) or by 1 week (12.1% Q1, 11.7%; P = 0.875).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medicare beneficiaries generally prefer treatment focused on palliation rather than life-extension. Differences in preferences are unlikely to explain regional variations in EOL spending.
authors: Center for Research on Health Care, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15312, USA. barnatoae@upmc.edu
authors: Amber E
authors: AE
authors: Barnato
authors: M Brooke
authors: MB
authors: Herndon
authors: Denise L
authors: DL
authors: Anthony
authors: Patricia M
authors: PM
authors: Gallagher
authors: Jonathan S
authors: JS
authors: Skinner
authors: Julie P W
authors: JP
authors: Bynum
authors: Elliott S
authors: ES
authors: Fisher
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014487:Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.; D003422:Critical Care; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005843:Geography; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016344:Medicare Part A; D016345:Medicare Part B; D010166:Palliative Care; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D013727:Terminal Care / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D014481:United States