title: Oncologic control after open or laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma: a single center experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the surgical and oncologic outcomes in patients who underwent either open nephroureterectomy (ONU) or laparoscopic nephroureterectomy (LNU) for upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective review of data for patients who underwent ONU or LNU for upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma from 1994 to 2004 at one institution. The recorded data included sex, age, mode of diagnosis, smoking, history of bladder cancer, type of surgery, complications, tumor site, tumor size, tumor stage, tumor grade, length of hospital stay, recurrence, and progression. We also determined the recurrence and survival rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We reviewed the data for 46 patients. The median age was 70 years. Seven patients had a history of bladder cancer. Overall, 26 patients underwent ONU and 20 LNU. No differences in the complication rate (15% versus 15%) were observed. The median hospital stay was 4 days (range 3 to 6) after LNU and 9 (range 7 to 12) after ONU (P <0.001). The tumor stage and grade were independent prognostic factors for survival on multivariate analysis (P <0.05). The 5-year disease-specific survival rate was 89.4% for low-grade tumors and 63.1% for high-grade tumors (P = 0.04). ONU was associated with high-grade (P = 0.02) or invasive (P = 0.001) tumors. The 5-year tumor-free survival rate after ONU and LNU was 51.2% and 71.6%, respectively (P = 0.59).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LNU does not affect the mid-term oncologic control and enables a shorter hospital stay. It can be recommended as an alternative to ONU in the management of low-risk upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma (Stage T1-T2 and/or low-grade disease). However, long-term follow-up is necessary to recommend it for highly invasive tumors (Stage T3-T4 or N+).
authors: Département d'Urologie, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Université Paris V, René Descartes, Paris, France. mroupret@club-internet.fr
authors: Morgan
authors: M
authors: Rouprêt
authors: Vincent
authors: V
authors: Hupertan
authors: Kristin M
authors: KM
authors: Sanderson
authors: Justin D
authors: JD
authors: Harmon
authors: Xavier
authors: X
authors: Cathelineau
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Barret
authors: Guy
authors: G
authors: Vallancien
authors: François
authors: F
authors: Rozet
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery*; D014516:Ureteral Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*