title: The HlyU protein is a positive regulator of rtxA1, a gene responsible for cytotoxicity and virulence in the human pathogen Vibrio vulnificus.
abstract: Vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic human pathogen that preferentially infects compromised iron-overloaded patients, causing a fatal primary septicemia with very rapid progress, resulting in a high mortality rate. In this study we determined that the HlyU protein, a virulence factor in V. vulnificus CMCP6, up-regulates the expression of VV20479, a homologue of the Vibrio cholerae RTX (repeats in toxin) toxin gene that we named rtxA1. This gene is part of an operon together with two other open reading frames, VV20481 and VV20480, that encode two predicted proteins, a peptide chain release factor 1 and a hemolysin acyltransferase, respectively. A mutation in rtxA1 not only contributes to the loss of cytotoxic activity but also results in a decrease in virulence, whereas a deletion of VV20481 and VV20480 causes a slight decrease in virulence but with no effect in cytotoxicity. Activation of the expression of the rtxA1 operon by HlyU occurs at the transcription initiation level by binding of the HlyU protein to a region upstream of this operon.
authors: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
authors: Moqing
authors: M
authors: Liu
authors: Alejandro F
authors: AF
authors: Alice
authors: Hiroaki
authors: H
authors: Naka
authors: Jorge H
authors: JH
authors: Crosa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014735:Vibrio Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D041261:Vibrio vulnificus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; C434464:RtxA protein, Vibrio cholerae; D014157:Transcription Factors