title: Transdermal delivery of interferon alpha-2B using microporation and iontophoresis in hairless rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate transdermal delivery of interferon alpha-2b (IFNalpha2b) in hairless rats through aqueous microchannels (micropores) created in the skin and enhanced by iontophoresis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Altea Therapeutics PassPort System was configured to form an array of micropores (2.0 cm(2); 72 micropores/cm(2)) on the rat abdomen. The transdermal patch (Iomed TransQ1-GS-hydrogel) was saturated with an IFNalpha2b solution (600 microg/ml) and applied for 4 h. Delivery was evaluated with and without cathodic iontophoresis (0.1 mA/cm(2)). Intravenous delivery (0.4 microg/100 g body weight) was performed to support pharmacokinetic calculations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IFNalpha2b was not delivered through intact skin by itself (passive delivery) or during iontophoresis. However, passive delivery through micropores was achieved in vivo in rats. A dose of 397 +/- 67 ng was delivered over 6 h, with steady state serum concentrations reaching a plateau at 1 h post-patch application. These levels dropped rapidly after patch removal, and returned to baseline within 2 h of patch removal. Iontophoresis-enhanced delivery through micropores resulted in a two-fold increase in the dose delivered (722 +/- 169 ng) in the hairless rat.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vivo delivery of IFNalpha2b was demonstrated through micropores created in the outer layer of the skin. Iontophoresis enhanced delivery through microporated skin in hairless rats.
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
authors: Advait V
authors: AV
authors: Badkar
authors: Alan M
authors: AM
authors: Smith
authors: Jonathan A
authors: JA
authors: Eppstein
authors: Ajay K
authors: AK
authors: Banga
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004058:Diffusion; D004304:Dosage Forms; D004339:Drug Compounding; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D018274:Electroporation; D020100:Hydrogels; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007478:Iontophoresis; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012869:Skin Absorption
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004304:Dosage Forms; D020100:Hydrogels; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins