title: Front-face fluorescence measurement of photosensitizers and lipid oxidation products during the photooxidation of butter.
abstract: This paper shows that fluorescence spectroscopy can measure both degradation of photosensitizers and formation of lipid oxidation products in light-exposed butter. The photosensitizers were already notably degraded after 4 h of light exposure, whereas fluorescent lipid oxidation products were detected after 5 d. The fluorescence measurements were highly correlated with sensory assessments of acidic and rancid flavor. Photosensitizer degradation is therefore a promising indirect indicator of the onset of lipid oxidation in butter. Sensory analysis and measurement of peroxide value showed that the level of lipid oxidation was significantly higher for butter stored in air compared with butter stored in nitrogen (N2). This might be explained by the formation of singlet oxygen from direct photooxidation and type II photosensitized oxidation. Addition of the singlet oxygen quencher beta-carotene reduced the rancid flavor intensity in the air and N2 packages from 9.0 to 4.9 and from 6.5 to 4.7, respectively. Results indicate that lipid oxidation in the butter stored in N2 was mainly caused by type I photosensitized reactions, because addition of beta-carotene had little effect on the rancid flavor intensity.
authors: Matforsk AS, Norwegian Food Research Institute, Osloveien 1, NO-1430 As, Norway. annette.veberg@matforsk.no
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Veberg
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Olsen
authors: A N
authors: AN
authors: Nilsen
authors: J P
authors: JP
authors: Wold
mesh_terms: D002079:Butter / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D008027:Light; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010545:Peroxides / Q000378:metabolism; D012677:Sensation; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D010545:Peroxides; D019207:beta Carotene; D002079:Butter; D009584:Nitrogen