title: Electroretinographic features of the retinopathy, globe enlarged (rge) chick phenotype.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to characterize the electroretinographic features of the autosomal recessive retinopathy, globe enlarged (rge) phenotype, in chickens (Gallus gallus).
  
  
  METHODS
  Dark-adapted, light-adapted intensity series and light-adapted 30 Hz flicker responses were recorded from rge and age matched normal control chicks from one to 270 days of age. Retinal sections from rge and control retinas were examined in 7 and 270-day-old chicks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Electroretinogram (ERG) thresholds of rge birds were raised, the intensity response plots were shifted toward brighter intensities, and retinal sensitivity was reduced. The leading slope of the dark- and light-adapted a-waves was more shallow than normal, suggesting altered photoreceptor responses. The inner retinal components to the ERG were also abnormal; there was a marked lack of oscillatory potentials and an abnormally smooth and broad shape to the b-wave. Additionally, the b-wave was supernormal in response to brighter stimuli in the earlier stages of the disease. There was a progressive deterioration in ERG amplitudes with age that mirrored a slowly progressive thinning of the photoreceptor layer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rge chicken has unusual ERG changes from an early age with altered waveforms and initially they develop a supernormal b-wave. This is followed by a progressive reduction of ERG amplitudes with age. The changes suggest that both photoreceptor and inner retinal responses are abnormal. Additional studies are needed to further elucidate the origin of the abnormal ERG components in the rge chick.
authors: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
authors: Fabiano
authors: F
authors: Montiani-Ferreira
authors: Gillian C
authors: GC
authors: Shaw
authors: Andrew M
authors: AM
authors: Geller
authors: Simon M
authors: SM
authors: Petersen-Jones
mesh_terms: D000221:Adaptation, Ocular; D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D003623:Dark Adaptation; D004056:Differential Threshold; D018450:Disease Progression; D004596:Electroretinography; D005808:Genes, Recessive; D008954:Models, Biological; D010641:Phenotype; D020419:Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate / Q000473:pathology; D017949:Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells / Q000503:physiopathology; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*