Fish consumption and advisory awareness among low-income women in California's Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.
Fishing is a culturally important activity to the ethnically diverse population living in California's Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Due to runoff from abandoned gold mines, certain Delta fish are contaminated with methylmercury, a neurodevelopmental toxin. A state health advisory recommends limited consumption of certain Delta fish, to be followed in conjunction with a federal advisory for commercial and sport fish. We conducted a survey of low-income women at a Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) clinic, to characterize commercial and sport fish consumption patterns and advisory awareness. Ninety-five percent of women consumed commercial fish. Thirty-two percent consumed sport fish; this proportion was much higher in Hmong (86%) and Cambodian (75%) women. Ninety-nine percent of sport fish consumers also consumed commercial fish. The overall fish consumption rate among consumers was 27.9 g/day (geometric mean, past 30 days, cooked portion); commercial and sport fish consumption rates were 26.3 and 10.5 g/day, respectively. We found ethnic differences in overall fish consumption rates, which were highest in African Americans (41.2 g/day) and Asians (35.6 g/day), particularly Vietnamese and Cambodians. Pregnant women ate less fish overall than other women (16.8 vs. 30.0 g/day, p=0.0001), as did women who demonstrated specific advisory awareness (23.3 vs. 30.3 g/day, p=0.02). Twenty-nine percent of all women exceeded federal fish consumption advisory limits. These results highlight the need for culturally and linguistically appropriate interventions that address both commercial and sport fish consumption.
Silver
Elana
E
Impact Assessment Inc., California Department of Health Services, Environmental Health Investigations Branch, Richmond, CA 94804-6403, USA.
Kaslow
Jessica
J
Lee
Diana
D
Lee
Sun
S
Lynn Tan
May
M
Weis
Erica
E
Ujihara
Alyce
A
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001364:Awareness; D002140:California; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D005506:Food Contamination; D006801:Humans; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control; D008875:Middle Aged; D011203:Poverty / Q000208:ethnology; D011247:Pregnancy; D045483:Rivers; D017747:Seafood