title: Epidemiology of voice disorders in the elderly: preliminary findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Epidemiologic studies of the prevalence and risk factors of voice disorders in the elderly, nontreatment seeking population are nonexistent. The purpose of this preliminary investigation was to 1) estimate the prevalence of voice disorders, 2) identify variables associated with increased risk of voice disorders, and 3) measure the socioemotional impact of voice disorders on the elderly who live independently.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, cross-sectional survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred seventeen seniors (39 males and 78 females; mean age, 76.1 yr; SD, 8.5 yr; range, 65-94 yr), residing in Utah and Kentucky, were interviewed using a questionnaire that addressed three areas related to voice disorders: prevalence, potential risk factors, and socioemotional consequences/effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lifetime prevalence of a voice disorder was 47%, with 29.1% of participants reporting a current voice disorder. The majority of respondents (60%) reported chronic voice problems persisting for at least 4 weeks. Seniors who had experienced esophageal reflux, severe neck/back injury, and chronic pain were at increased risk. Voice-related effort and discomfort, combined with increased anxiety and frustration and the need to repeat oneself, were specific areas that adversely affected quality of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary epidemiologic study confirmed that voice disorders are common among the elderly, and further research is needed to identify additional risk factors contributing to voice disorder vulnerability.
authors: Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Nelson.roy@health.utah.edu
authors: Nelson
authors: N
authors: Roy
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Stemple
authors: Ray M
authors: RM
authors: Merrill
authors: Lisa
authors: L
authors: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019567:Back Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000453:epidemiology; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014833:Voice Quality