title: Inter-hemispheric asymmetry of motor corticospinal excitability in major depression studied by transcranial magnetic stimulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Imaging and electroencephalographic studies have reported inter-hemispheric asymmetries in frontal cortical regions associated with depression. This study aimed at comparing motor corticospinal excitability assessed by methods of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) between the right and left hemispheres in patients with major depression and healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with major depression (n=35) and healthy controls (n=35) underwent a bilateral study of various motor corticospinal excitability parameters, including rest motor threshold (RMT), corticospinal silent period (CSP) duration and intra-cortical inhibition (ICI) and facilitation (ICF). Indexes of asymmetry were calculated, and the relationships between excitability parameters and clinical scores of depression were statistically analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depressed patients showed a reduced excitability of both excitatory (RMT, ICF) and inhibitory (CSP, ICI) processes in the left hemisphere, compared to the right hemisphere and to healthy controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results confirmed the existence of inter-hemispheric asymmetries in frontal cortex activities of depressed patients in favor of a left-sided reduced excitability. This neurophysiological approach may help to guide repetitive TMS procedures in the treatment of depressive disorders.
authors: Service de Physiologie - Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 94010 Creteil, France. jean-pascal.lefaucheur@hmn.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors: J P
authors: JP
authors: Lefaucheur
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Lucas
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Andraud
authors: J Y
authors: JY
authors: Hogrel
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Bellivier
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Del Cul
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Rousseva
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Leboyer
authors: M L
authors: ML
authors: Paillère-Martinot
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011712:Pyramidal Tracts / Q000503:physiopathology*; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data