title: Predicting poor functional outcome in community-dwelling older adults with knee pain: prognostic value of generic indicators.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In longitudinal studies across a range of regional musculoskeletal pain syndromes, certain prognostic factors consistently emerge. They are "generic" in the sense that they appear to apply regardless of the particular anatomical site or underlying cause of the pain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the value of generic indicators of poor functional outcome for knee pain and osteoarthritis in the community.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a population-based cohort study of adults aged >or=50 years with knee pain as part of the Clinical Assessment Study (Knee) (CAS(K)). At baseline, participants completed a postal questionnaire and attended a research clinic where they completed a further questionnaire and underwent structured physical examination and x rays. The 18-month follow-up was via a self-completed questionnaire. Risk ratios were calculated using Cox regression with a fixed time period assigned to each participant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 60% of participants experienced a poor outcome at 18 months. Twelve univariate associations were associated with poor outcome, with four variables remaining in the multivariate model (older age, being overweight or obese, having possible or probable anxiety, and more severe pain). Using a simple unweighted additive risk score (1 point each for age >or=60 years, body mass index >or=25 kg/m(2), possible or probable anxiety, Chronic Pain Grade II-IV), 90% of participants with all four generic indicators were correctly classified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has demonstrated that generic prognostic indicators can be used to determine the prognosis of older people in the community with knee pain.
authors: Primary Care Musculoskeletal Research Centre, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK. c.d.mallen@cphc.keele.ac.uk
authors: Christian D
authors: CD
authors: Mallen
authors: George
authors: G
authors: Peat
authors: Elaine
authors: E
authors: Thomas
authors: Rosie
authors: R
authors: Lacey
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Croft
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index