Novel antifoulants: inhibition of larval attachment by proteases.
We investigated the effect of commercially available enzymes (alpha-amylase, alpha-galactosidase, papain, trypsin, and lipase) as well as proteases from deep-sea bacteria on the larval attachment of the bryozoan Bugula neritina L. The 50% effective concentrations (EC(50)) of the commercial proteases were 10 times lower than those of other enzymes. Crude proteases from six deep-sea Pseudoalteromonas species significantly decreased larval attachment at concentrations of 0.03 to 1 mIU ml(-1). The EC(50) of the pure protease from the bacterium Pseudoalteromonas issachenkonii UST041101-043 was close to 1 ng ml(-1) (0.1 mIU ml(-1)). The protease and trypsin individually incorporated in a water-soluble paint matrix inhibited biofouling in a field experiment. There are certain correlations between production of proteases by bacterial films and inhibition of larval attachment. None of the bacteria with biofilms that induced attachment of B. neritina produced proteolytic enzymes, whereas most of the bacteria that formed inhibitive biofilms produced proteases. Our investigation demonstrated the potential use of proteolytic enzymes for antifouling defense.
Dobretsov
Sergey
S
Coastal Marine Laboratory, Department of Biology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, PR China. sdobretsov@ifm-geomar.de
Xiong
Hairong
H
Xu
Ying
Y
Levin
Lisa A
LA
Qian
Pei-Yuan
PY
D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D002013:Bryozoa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D008049:Lipase / Q000494:pharmacology; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013429:Sulfatases / Q000494:pharmacology; D001468:Thoracica / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development
D008049:Lipase; D013429:Sulfatases; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases