title: Lymphotoxin-independent expression of TNF-related activation-induced cytokine by stromal cells in cryptopatches, isolated lymphoid follicles, and Peyer's patches.
abstract: Stromal cells play a crucial role in the organogenesis of lymphoid tissues. We previously identified VCAM-1(+) stromal cells in cryptopatches (CP) and isolated lymphoid follicles (ILF) in the small intestine of C57BL/6 mice. Nonhemopoietic stromal cell networks in CP and ILF of adult mice also expressed FDC-M1, CD157 (BP-3), and TNF-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE). Individual stromal cells were heterogeneous in their expression of these markers, with not all stromal cells expressing the entire set of stromal cell markers. Expression of VCAM-1, FDC-M1, and CD157 on CP stromal cells was absent in alymphoplasia mice deficient in NF-kappaB-inducing kinase (NIK) and NIK knockout mice. Administration of lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTbetaR)-Ig to wild-type mice on day 13 resulted in the absence of CP on day 20; delaying administration of LTbetaR-Ig until day 18 resulted in an 80% decrease in the number of CP on day 22 and diminished expression of VCAM-1, FDC-M1, and CD157 on the remaining CP. In sharp contrast, TRANCE expression by stromal cells was completely independent of NIK and LTbetaR. In addition, expression of TRANCE in ILF was concentrated just beneath the follicle-associated epithelium, a pattern of polarization that was also observed in Peyer's patches. These findings suggest that TRANCE on stromal cells contributes to the differentiation and maintenance of organized lymphoid aggregates in the small intestine.
authors: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors: Rebekah T
authors: RT
authors: Taylor
authors: Seema R
authors: SR
authors: Patel
authors: Eugene
authors: E
authors: Lin
authors: Betsy R
authors: BR
authors: Butler
authors: Jason G
authors: JG
authors: Lake
authors: Rodney D
authors: RD
authors: Newberry
authors: Ifor R
authors: IR
authors: Williams
mesh_terms: D036541:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000494:pharmacology; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000276:immunology*; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D053259:Lymphotoxin beta Receptor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000166:cytology* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D000097782:NF-kappaB-Inducing Kinase
chemical_list: D036541:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase; D015703:Antigens, CD; D016207:Cytokines; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D053259:Lymphotoxin beta Receptor; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D053245:RANK Ligand; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D000097782:NF-kappaB-Inducing Kinase; C087521:ADP-ribosyl cyclase 2