title: Cost-effectiveness of grass allergen tablet (GRAZAX) for the prevention of seasonal grass pollen induced rhinoconjunctivitis - a Northern European perspective.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis has increased dramatically. Seventeen million people in the United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Finland suffer from grass pollen induced allergic rhinitis. Symptomatic therapy with antihistamines and topical steroids is partially effective but allergen-specific immunotherapy by injection or sublingual routes is superior. The grass allergen tablet (GRAZAX) is a new allergen-specific immunotherapy for home administration.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the cost-effectiveness of the grass allergen tablet compared with symptomatic medication in seven Northern European countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective pharmacoeconomic analysis was carried out alongside a multinational clinical trial. Pooled data on resource use and health outcomes were collected. A societal perspective was adopted, and the analysis had a 9-year time horizon. The outcome measure was Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The grass allergen tablet was clinically superior to symptomatic treatment, producing statistically significant differences for all efficacy end-points, including the number of QALYs gained - 0.976 vs. 0.947 QALYs gained. There was a significantly higher usage of the rescue medications loratadine and budesonide, and more hours missed from work (production loss), in the symptomatic treatment group. The cost per QALY gained in the grass allergen tablet group was similar in the seven countries (euro 12,930 to euro 18,263 for an annual cost of the grass allergen tablet of euro 1500). The analysis showed that the grass allergen tablet was cost-effective for all countries for an annual treatment cost below euro 2200.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pharmacoeconomic analysis illustrated that allergen-specific immunotherapy with the grass allergen tablet is a cost-effective intervention for the prevention of grass pollen induced rhinoconjunctivitis in Northern European countries, for a tablet price below euro 6. In Germany for example the price of the tablet is euro 2.95 corresponding to a yearly treatment cost of euro 358 - based on a 9-year time horizon.
authors: Upper Airway Research Laboratory (URL), ENT Department, University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Bachert
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Vestenbaek
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Christensen
authors: U K
authors: UK
authors: Griffiths
authors: P B
authors: PB
authors: Poulsen
mesh_terms: D000286:Administration, Sublingual; D000328:Adult; D000485:Allergens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003233:Conjunctivitis, Allergic / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003888:Desensitization, Immunologic / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D016527:Drug Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D031784:Phleum / Q000276:immunology; D011788:Quality of Life; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013607:Tablets
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D013607:Tablets