CEACAM1, a novel serum biomarker for pancreatic cancer.
OBJECTIVE
Serum biomarkers for early diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma are not currently available. We recently observed elevated expression of CEACAM1 in pancreatic adenocarcinomas and sought to determine whether serum CEACAM1 levels were elevated in pancreatic cancer patients.


METHODS
CEACAM1 messenger RNA levels were measured in pancreatic tissue samples using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. CEACAM1 was localized by immunohistochemistry in adenocarcinomas and in pancreatic intraductal neoplasia lesions. CEACAM1 serum levels were assessed by a double determinant enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and compared with serum levels of CA19-9.


RESULTS
CEACAM1 had higher expression levels in pancreatic adenocarcinomas compared with noncancerous pancreas (P < 0.0001) and was localized to neoplastic cells (95% (45/47) of adenocarcinomas and 85% (17/20) of pancreatic intraductal neoplasia 3 lesions. CEACAM1 was expressed in the sera of 91% (74/81) of pancreatic cancer patients, 24% (15/61) of normal patients, and 66% (35/53) of patients with chronic pancreatitis, with a sensitivity and specificity superior to CA19-9. The combination of CEACAM1 and CA19-9 had significantly higher diagnostic accuracy than CA19-9.


CONCLUSIONS
CEACAM1 is expressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and serum levels of CEACAM1 serve as a useful indicator for the presence of pancreatic cancer. Additional validation studies on the use of serum CEACAM1 as a diagnostic marker in pancreatic cancer are warranted.
Simeone
Diane M
DM
Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. simeone@umich.edu
Ji
Baoan
B
Banerjee
Mousumi
M
Arumugam
Thiruvengadam
T
Li
Dawei
D
Anderson
Michelle A
MA
Bamberger
Ann Marie
AM
Greenson
Joel
J
Brand
Randal E
RE
Ramachandran
Vijaya
V
Logsdon
Craig D
CD
D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D050500:Pancreatitis, Chronic / Q000097:blood; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014481:United States
D015703:Antigens, CD; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen; C069847:CD66 antigens; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D012333:RNA, Messenger