title: Platelet activation triggered by Chlamydia pneumoniae is antagonized by 12-lipoxygenase inhibitors but not cyclooxygenase inhibitors.
abstract: Chlamydia pneumoniae is a respiratory pathogen that has been linked to cardiovascular disease. We have recently shown that C. pneumoniae activates platelets, leading to oxidation of low-density lipoproteins. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the inhibitory effects of different pharmacological agents on platelet aggregation and secretion induced by C. pneumoniae. Platelet interaction with C. pneumoniae was studied by analyzing platelet aggregation and ATP-secretion with Lumi-aggregometry. Platelet aggregation and ATP-secretion induced by C. pneumoniae was markedly inhibited by the NO-donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (SNAP), an effect that was counteracted by the guanylyl cyclase inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ). Pre-treatment of platelets with the 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) inhibitors cinnamyl-3,4-dihydroxy-alpha-cyanocinnamate (CDC) and 5,6,7-trikydroxyflavone (baicalein) completely blocked the activation, whereas the cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors 2-acetyloxybenzoic acid (aspirin) and (8E)-8-[hydroxy-(pyridin-2-ylamino)methylidene]-9-methyl-10,10-dioxo-10$l;(6)thia-9-azabicyclo[4.4.0]deca-1,3,5-trien-7-one (piroxicam) had no inhibitory effects. Opposite to C. pneumoniae-induced activation, platelets stimulated by collagen were inhibited by the COX-inhibitors but were unaffected by the 12-LOX-inhibitors. The platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonist Ginkgolide B blocked the C. pneumoniae-induced platelet activation, whereas the responses to collagen were unaffected. Furthermore, the P2Y1 and P2Y12 purinergic receptor antagonists 2'-deoxy-N6-methyladenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate (MRS2179) and N(6)-(2-methyl-thioethyl)-2-(3,3,3-trifluoropropylthio)-beta,gamma-dichloromethylene-ATP (cangrelor) inhibited the aggregation and secretion caused by C. pneumoniae. It is well-known that the efficacy of COX inhibitors in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease varies between different patients, and that patients with low responses to aspirin have a higher risk to encounter cardiovascular events. The findings in this study showing that platelets stimulated by C. pneumoniae are unaffected by COX inhibitors but sensitive to 12-LOX inhibitors, may thus be of importance in future management of atherosclerosis and thrombosis.
authors: Division of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Care, Cardiovascular Inflammation Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden. hanka@imv.liu.se
authors: Hanna
authors: H
authors: Kälvegren
authors: Johanna
authors: J
authors: Andersson
authors: Magnus
authors: M
authors: Grenegård
authors: Torbjörn
authors: T
authors: Bengtsson
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D001241:Aspirin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016993:Chlamydophila pneumoniae; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044950:Flavanones / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D016859:Lipoxygenase Inhibitors; D010894:Piroxicam / Q000494:pharmacology; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects*; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000378:metabolism; D058472:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y1; D058925:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12
chemical_list: D002109:Caffeic Acids; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D044950:Flavanones; D016859:Lipoxygenase Inhibitors; C546382:P2RY1 protein, human; C548576:P2RY12 protein, human; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D058472:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y1; D058925:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12; C099255:cinnamyl-3,4-dihydroxycyanocinnamate; D010894:Piroxicam; C006680:baicalein; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D001241:Aspirin