title: Glenohumeral motion: review of measurement techniques.
abstract: Measurement of upper limb motion is problematic, not least because of the large range of path dependent description of motion of the joints, and the multiple non-cyclical unstandardised motion tasks measured. Furthermore, appreciation of shoulder motion specifically is obscured by overlying soft tissue. In order to satisfy the complexity of a clinically useful model of the movement of the joint, input data must be acquired from a set of pre-determined movements using a non-invasive technique with a high level of accuracy. Descriptive and predictive modeling of the glenohumeral joint requires input of high-fidelity data into a 6 degree of freedom representation, without which, the application of the tool is of limited clinical significance to the advancement of both operative and non-operative management of shoulder pathology. Electromagnetic, linkage and radiographic techniques have previously been used, however, an optimal solution is yet to be described.
authors: Shoulder Bioengineering Group, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Sir Leon Bagrit Centre, Mechanical Engineering Building, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
authors: A M
authors: AM
authors: Hill
authors: A M J
authors: AM
authors: Bull
authors: R J
authors: RJ
authors: Dallalana
authors: A L
authors: AL
authors: Wallace
authors: G R
authors: GR
authors: Johnson
mesh_terms: D053587:Arthrometry, Articular; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D009068:Movement; D010781:Photography; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology