title: Differential neurotoxicity of tricyclic antidepressants and novel derivatives in vitro in a dorsal root ganglion cell culture model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tricyclic antidepressants are commonly employed orally to treat major depressive disorders and have been shown to be of substantial benefit in various chronic pain conditions. Among other properties they are potent Na+ channel blockers in vitro and show local anaesthetic properties in vivo. The present study aimed to determine their differential neurotoxicity, and that of novel derivatives as prerequisite for their potential use in regional anaesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  To directly test neurotoxicity in adult peripheral neurons, the culture model of dissociated adult rat primary sensory neurons was employed. Neurons were incubated for 24 h with amitriptyline, N-methyl-amitriptyline, doxepin, N-methyl-doxepin, N-propyl-doxepin, desipramine, imipramine and trimipramine at 100 mumol, and at concentrations correlating to their respective potency in blocking sodium channels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All investigated substances showed considerable neurotoxic potency as represented in significantly decreased neuron numbers in cultures as compared to controls. Specifically, doxepin was more neurotoxic than amitriptyline, and both imipramine and trimipramine were more toxic than desipramine or amitriptyline. Novel derivatives of tricyclic antidepressants were, in general, more toxic than the parent compound.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tricyclic antidepressants and novel derivatives thereof show differential neurotoxic potential in vitro. The rank order of toxicity relative to sodium channel blocking potency was desipramine < amitriptyline < N-methyl amitriptyline < doxepin < trimipramine < imipramine < N-methyl doxepin < N-propyl doxepin.
authors: Medical University of Innsbruck, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Haller
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Lirk
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Keller
authors: G K
authors: GK
authors: Wang
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Gerner
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Klimaschewski
mesh_terms: D000639:Amitriptyline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000633:toxicity*; D000765:Anesthesia, Conduction; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000633:toxicity*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002452:Cell Count; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004316:Doxepin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000633:toxicity; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal; D007099:Imipramine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000633:toxicity; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D015222:Sodium Channels; D004316:Doxepin; D000639:Amitriptyline; D007099:Imipramine