title: Quality of life in paediatric gastrointestinal and liver disease: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify and appraise all studies relating to and instruments developed to measure quality of life (QOL) in children with gastrointestinal or liver diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search was undertaken using MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO to identify relevant articles published up to the end of 2005. These were reviewed by both authors and data were extracted using a standardised form. Articles were excluded if no attempt was made to measure QOL, they did not relate to children ages <17 years, they did not relate to gastrointestinal or liver diseases, or they were review articles. Quality of life instruments identified were rated according to proposed criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From a total of 2379 articles identified in the initial search, a total of 2309 were excluded, leaving 70 included studies. These were assigned to the following categories: inflammatory bowel disease, n = 17; cystic fibrosis, n = 20; liver disease, n = 11; surgery, n = 15; and miscellaneous, n = 7. These studies describe the impact that these diseases have on the QOL of affected children. A total of 11 disease-specific QOL instruments and 1 generic instrument with a chronic disease module were identified, but only 5 of these fulfilled the proposed quality criteria and can be recommended for future use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic gastrointestinal and liver diseases can have an enormous effect on the QOL of affected individuals and their families. A number of disease-specific paediatric QOL instruments have been developed and validated. Quality of life is an important outcome that should be incorporated into clinical practice and measured when treatments are evaluated. Future research should explore how QOL can best be improved in children in whom it is severely impaired.
authors: Royal Liverpool Childrens NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK.
authors: Santanu
authors: S
authors: Maity
authors: Adrian G
authors: AG
authors: Thomas
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases; D011788:Quality of Life