A 30-year prospective follow-up study of hyperactive boys with conduct problems: adult criminality.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the official arrest records for a large number of hyperactive boys (N = 179), most with conduct problems, and 75 control boys; to examine childhood IQ, socioeconomic status, and parent reports of childhood hyperactivity and conduct problems for their contribution to criminal behavior in adulthood; and to compare adult outcome for multimodality-treated (MMT) and drug-treated-only (DTO) hyperactives.


METHODS
We report on the official arrest history from early to mid- (18 to 38 years of age) adulthood in these 254 white subjects.


RESULTS
Ninety one percent of subjects were followed up. California official arrest records were obtained on all of these subjects. Hyperactive subjects had significantly higher arrest, conviction, and incarceration rates compared with controls. Childhood antisocial behaviors, socioeconomic status, and IQ predicted adult criminality. Multimodality-treated boys with Hyperactive/ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) did not fare better than DTO boys with ADHD.


CONCLUSIONS
Hyperactive/ADHD boys with conduct problems are at increased risk for adult criminality. Hyperactive boys without childhood conduct problems are not at increased risk for later criminality. An intensive 3-year MMT treatment of 6- to 12-year-old hyperactive boys is insufficient to prevent later adult criminality.
Satterfield
James H
JH
Dr. Satterfield (retired) was formerly with the Division of Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland; Dr. Faller was formerly with the John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York City; Drs. Crinella and Swanson are with the Child Development Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine; Dr. Schell is with the Department of Psychology, Occidental College, Los Angeles; and Dr. Homer is retired.
Faller
Katherine J
KJ
Dr. Satterfield (retired) was formerly with the Division of Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland; Dr. Faller was formerly with the John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York City; Drs. Crinella and Swanson are with the Child Development Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine; Dr. Schell is with the Department of Psychology, Occidental College, Los Angeles; and Dr. Homer is retired.
Crinella
Francis M
FM
Dr. Satterfield (retired) was formerly with the Division of Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland; Dr. Faller was formerly with the John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York City; Drs. Crinella and Swanson are with the Child Development Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine; Dr. Schell is with the Department of Psychology, Occidental College, Los Angeles; and Dr. Homer is retired.
Schell
Anne M
AM
Dr. Satterfield (retired) was formerly with the Division of Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland; Dr. Faller was formerly with the John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York City; Drs. Crinella and Swanson are with the Child Development Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine; Dr. Schell is with the Department of Psychology, Occidental College, Los Angeles; and Dr. Homer is retired.
Swanson
James M
JM
Dr. Satterfield (retired) was formerly with the Division of Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland; Dr. Faller was formerly with the John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York City; Drs. Crinella and Swanson are with the Child Development Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine; Dr. Schell is with the Department of Psychology, Occidental College, Los Angeles; and Dr. Homer is retired. Electronic address: jimhsat@aol.com.
Homer
Louis D
LD
Dr. Satterfield (retired) was formerly with the Division of Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland; Dr. Faller was formerly with the John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York City; Drs. Crinella and Swanson are with the Child Development Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine; Dr. Schell is with the Department of Psychology, Occidental College, Los Angeles; and Dr. Homer is retired.
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003415:Crime / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors