title: First detection of IgA against norovirus in breast milk.
abstract: Breast milk samples (n = 239) collected from 1994-1997 from mothers at Chiba City, Japan, were tested for antinorovirus antibody by ELISA and western blot methods. It was found that 31 breast milk samples contained IgA against norovirus and this represented 13%. Breast milk could react with a diversity of norovirus genotypes. The highest number of samples containing IgA against norovirus was found in genotype GII/6 (11.3%) and the lowest in GI/8, GII/8 and GII/12 (each of 0.8%). Of note, twenty-eight samples showed reactivity to more than one different norovirus genotypes. Interestingly, three samples demonstrated cross-reaction with both norovirus genogroups I and II. This report is noteworthy because it is the first, to the best of our knowledge, demonstrating the presence of antibody against norovirus in breast milk.
authors: Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Institute of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Kohsuke
authors: K
authors: Makita
authors: Yuko
authors: Y
authors: Hayakawa
authors: Michio
authors: M
authors: Okame
authors: Kazuhiro
authors: K
authors: Homma
authors: Tung Gia
authors: TG
authors: Phan
authors: Shoko
authors: S
authors: Okitsu
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Ushijima
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D003429:Cross Reactions; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000276:immunology*; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D029322:Norovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D007070:Immunoglobulin A