Neuropsychiatric complications of traumatic brain injury: a critical review of the literature (a report by the ANPA Committee on Research).
Psychiatric disorders frequently complicate recovery and rehabilitation from traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study reviews the literature from 1978 to 2006 on psychosis, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, mania, and aggression following nonpenetrating TBI. The studies were reviewed using the American Academy of Neurology's criteria for classification of articles on diagnostic methods. No studies were found to be Class I or II. Of the 66 studies reviewed, the majority were Class IV. There are significant gaps in the literature on post-TBI psychiatric conditions with respect to nosology, epidemiology, and risk factors. Larger multicenter prospective studies using standardized diagnostic instruments are needed to further clarify the nosology, risk factors, and clinical course of these disorders. Specific directions for research are provided.
Kim
Edward
E
Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Neuroscience Medical Strategy, 777 Scudders Mill Road, Plainsboro, NJ 08536, USA. edward.kim@bms.com
Lauterbach
Edward C
EC
Reeve
Alya
A
Arciniegas
David B
DB
Coburn
Kerry L
KL
Mendez
Mario F
MF
Rummans
Teresa A
TA
Coffey
Edward C
EC
D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology