title: Effects of intravitreal moxifloxacin and dexamethasone in experimental Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of intravitreal moxifloxacin and moxifloxacin and dexamethasone combination in an experimental rabbit model of Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The right eyes of 24 rabbits weighing 2 to 3 kg were used. Ten thousand colony-forming units (CFU) of S. aureus in 0.1 ml saline solution were inoculated into the vitreous cavity. The eyes were randomly assigned to one of the four groups equally. Twenty-four hours after the inoculation of S. aureus, group 1 received 50 microg moxifloxacin, group 2 received 50 microg moxifloxacin plus 400 microg dexamethasone, and group 3 received 1 mg vancomycin intravitreally. No treatment was given to group 4. Clinical examination scores were recorded. Vitreous aspirates were obtained for microbiological analysis just before sacrifice, and the eyes were enucleated for histopathologic examination. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all treatment groups, mean number of CFU and histopathologic score were significantly lower compared with control group (p<0.05), and the difference between treatment groups was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The clinical score was not significantly different between groups (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravitreal injection of 50 microg moxifloxacin was effective in the treatment of S. aureus endophthalmitis. Bacteriological, histopathologic, and clinical outcomes after treatment using moxifloxacin, moxifloxacin and dexamethasone combination, and vancomycin were comparable. Intravitreal moxifloxacin may be an option in the treatment of S. aureus endophthalmitis.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Afyon Kocatepe, Afyon, Turkey. sametermis@hotmail.com
authors: Sitki Samet
authors: SS
authors: Ermis
authors: Zafer
authors: Z
authors: Cetinkaya
authors: Halil
authors: H
authors: Kiyici
authors: Umit Ubeyt
authors: UU
authors: Inan
authors: Faruk
authors: F
authors: Ozturk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004487:Edema / Q000209:etiology; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000209:etiology; D007267:Injections; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D011804:Quinolines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011817:Rabbits; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001372:Aza Compounds; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D011804:Quinolines; D014640:Vancomycin; D003907:Dexamethasone; D000077266:Moxifloxacin