title: Ultrasound, computed tomography, or the combination for the detection of supraclavicular lymph nodes in patients with esophageal or gastric cardia cancer: a comparative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Both ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) can be used to detect supraclavicular lymph node metastases. Aim was to compare US, US plus fine-needle aspiration (US-FNA), CT, US + CT, and US-FNA + CT for the detection of these metastases in esophageal or gastric cardia cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1994 and 2004, 567 patients underwent US and CT for esophageal or gastric cardia cancer staging. Gold standard was postoperative detection of lymph nodes in the resected specimen, FNA, or a radiological result with follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sensitivities of US (75%), US-FNA (72%), US + CT (80%), and US-FNA + CT (79%) were higher than sensitivity of CT alone (25%) (P < 0.001). Specificities were high for US-FNA (100%), CT (99%), and US-FNA + CT (99%), whereas those of US alone (91%) and US + CT (91%) were lower (P < 0.001). In 4/65 (6%) patients with true-positive malignant lymph nodes, CT was positive with US and/or US-FNA being negative. However, in 36/65 (55%) patients, US and/or US-FNA were positive with CT being negative.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  US-FNA seems the preferred diagnostic modality for the detection of supraclavicular lymph node metastases in patients with esophageal or gastric cardia cancer. Sensitivity of metastases detection only slightly improves if US-FNA is combined with CT. A prospective, comparative study is however needed.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Evelyn P M
authors: EP
authors: van Vliet
authors: Aad
authors: A
authors: van der Lugt
authors: Ernst J
authors: EJ
authors: Kuipers
authors: Hugo W
authors: HW
authors: Tilanus
authors: Ate
authors: A
authors: van der Gaast
authors: John J
authors: JJ
authors: Hermans
authors: Peter D
authors: PD
authors: Siersema
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology; D002299:Cardia / Q000473:pathology; D019992:Databases as Topic; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography