title: Polymorphisms in dopamine receptor DRD1 and DRD2 genes and psychopathological and extrapyramidal symptoms in patients on long-term antipsychotic treatment.
abstract: DRD(1) and DRD(2) receptor gene variants have been associated with clinical aspects of schizophrenia; however only specific features were analyzed in different samples. To assess the complex interaction between genetic and clinical factors, we studied the possible cross-interactions between DRD1 and DRD2 dopamine receptor gene polymorphisms, symptomatology of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders, and the occurrence of treatment induced side effects taking into consideration possible clinical confounding variables. One hundred thirty one outpatients in stable remission meeting the DSMIV criteria for schizophrenia spectrum disorders and receiving long-term maintenance therapy with haloperidol, fluphenazine, zuclopenthixole, or risperidone were genotyped for DRD1 A-48G, DRD2 Ins-141CDel, and DRD2 Ser311Cys polymorphisms. Psychopathological symptoms were assessed with the positive and negative syndrome scale for schizophrenia (PANSS). Extrapyramidal side effects were assessed with the Simpson-Angus extrapyramidal side effects scale (EPS), the Barnes Akathisia scale (BARS), and the abnormal involuntary movement scale (AIMS). Drug dosage was included as covariant because it was associated with the severity of symptomatology, akathisia, and parkinsonism. No association was observed for DRD1 and DRD2 polymorphisms and extrapyramidal side effects, or with the other clinical variables considered. Our study suggests that DRD1 and DRD2 variants are not liability factors for tardive dyskinesia.
authors: Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia. vita.dolzan@mf.uni-lj.si
authors: Vita
authors: V
authors: Dolzan
authors: Blanka Kores
authors: BK
authors: Plesnicar
authors: Alessandro
authors: A
authors: Serretti
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Mandelli
authors: Bojan
authors: B
authors: Zalar
authors: Jure
authors: J
authors: Koprivsek
authors: Katja
authors: K
authors: Breskvar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000235:genetics; D005116:Extrapyramidal Tracts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1 / Q000235:genetics*; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2