Physical characterization of component particles included in dry powder inhalers. I. Strategy review and static characteristics.
The performance of dry powder aerosols for the delivery of drugs to the lungs has been studied extensively in the last decade. The focus for different research groups has been on aspects of the powder formulation, which relate to solid state, surface and interfacial chemistry, bulk properties (static and dynamic) and measures of performance. The nature of studies in this field, tend to be complex and correlations between specific properties and performance seem to be rare. Consequently, the adoption of formulation approaches that on a predictive basis lead to desirable performance has been an elusive goal but one that many agree is worth striving towards. The purpose of this paper is to initiate a discussion of the use of a variety of techniques to elucidate dry particle behavior that might guide the data collection process. If the many researchers in this field can agree on this, or an alternative, guide then a database can be constructed that would allow predictive models to be developed. This is the first of two papers that discuss static and dynamic methods of characterizing dry powder inhaler formulations.
Hickey
Anthony J
AJ
Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Campus Box #7360, 1310 Kerr Hall, Kerr Hall, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7360, USA. ahickey@unc.edu
Mansour
Heidi M
HM
Telko
Martin J
MJ
Xu
Zhen
Z
Smyth
Hugh D C
HD
Mulder
Tako
T
McLean
Richard
R
Langridge
John
J
Papadopoulos
Dimitris
D
D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000336:Aerosols; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods; D003460:Crystallization; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004337:Drug Carriers; D007785:Lactose / Q000737:chemistry*; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D010316:Particle Size; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D033362:Powder Diffraction; D011208:Powders; D013499:Surface Properties; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*
D000336:Aerosols; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D011208:Powders; D007785:Lactose