title: Magnetic resonance imaging-directed transrectal ultrasonography-guided biopsies in patients at risk of prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether using endorectal-coil magnetic resonance imaging (erMRI) before transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided biopsies of the prostate increases the yield of cancer in a high-risk population, and in a subset analysis to compare the yield with high-field (3 T) vs lower field (1.5 T) MRI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between March 2003 and November 2005, 26 consecutive patients had erMRI before their TRUS biopsy of the prostate (median age 62 years, range 32-76). The median prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 8.40 (2.1-85.9) ng/mL. All patients had at least one previous negative prostate biopsy (median 3, range 1-12). Twenty-three patients had at least one risk factor for prostate cancer (family history, high PSA velocity, low percentage of free PSA, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia or atypical small acinar proliferation on previous biopsy). MRI studies consisted of T2-weighted and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) imaging studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a close correlation between T2-weighted and DCE images (85% agreement, P<0.001). Neither T2-weighted nor DCE imaging correlated with a higher yield for cancer on final biopsy (T2, positive predictive value, PPV, 20%, negative PV, NPV, 14%, P=0.21; DCE, PPV 21%, NPV 15%, P=0.26). Combining the two methods did not improve the cancer yield. There was no significant difference in the probability of cancer based on 1.5 T or 3 T imaging (17% vs 16%, P=0.88).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although erMRI before TRUS-guided biopsies tended to give higher cancer yields the difference was not statistically significant. Reasons for this might include suboptimal localisation of the MRI findings and the biopsy location. Better methods for fusing MRI and TRUS images are presently being developed at our institution to allow more accurate targeting.
authors: Urologic Oncology Branch, DCDT, Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors: Jean-Baptiste
authors: JB
authors: Lattouf
authors: Robert L
authors: RL
authors: Grubb
authors: S Justin
authors: SJ
authors: Lee
authors: Marc A
authors: MA
authors: Bjurlin
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Albert
authors: Anurag K
authors: AK
authors: Singh
authors: Iclal
authors: I
authors: Ocak
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Choyke
authors: Jonathan A
authors: JA
authors: Coleman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods; D051517:Digital Rectal Examination / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen