title: Localization of single-stranded DNA in human sperm nuclei.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To localize foci of single-stranded (ss) DNA in sperm nuclei of fertile and infertile men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University infertility clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semen samples from 12 consecutive asthenoteratospermic men presenting for infertility evaluation and 5 consecutive fertile men presenting for vasectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semen analysis, semen processing, and immunocytochemistry using an antibody targeting ssDNA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sperm nuclear ssDNA immunostaining pattern in whole and processed semen samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunocytochemistry (using ssDNA antibody) demonstrated one of two sperm nuclear staining patterns: [1] faint punctated staining, and [2] diffuse nuclear staining. Infertile men had a higher proportion of spermatozoa exhibiting diffuse ssDNA staining than did fertile men (52 +/- 19 vs. 14 +/- 13, respectively). The proportion of spermatozoa exhibiting diffuse ssDNA staining was significantly higher in whole compared with processed semen. Positive (DNAse-treated nuclei) and negative controls (S1 nuclease-treated nuclei) were obtained to validate the specificity of the antibody.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Human sperm nuclei generally exhibit discrete (presumably peripheral) foci of ssDNA. The data also show that infertile men have a higher proportion of sperm nuclei with diffuse areas of ssDNA than do fertile men, and suggest that spermatozoa with diffuse nuclear staining are abnormal.
authors: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors: Xiaoyang
authors: X
authors: Zhang
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: San Gabriel
authors: Jamie
authors: J
authors: Libman
authors: Simon
authors: S
authors: Phillips
authors: Annick
authors: A
authors: Courchesne
authors: Armand
authors: A
authors: Zini
mesh_terms: D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D004277:DNA, Single-Stranded / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012661:Semen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004277:DNA, Single-Stranded