title: Outcome of patients with retinoblastoma and postlaminar optic nerve invasion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the outcome of patients with retinoblastoma and postlaminar optic nerve invasion (PLONI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective interventional case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-one consecutive patients included in 3 successive protocols were analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pathologic review was done in each case. Patients were stratified into 2 risk groups: the high-risk group included those with concomitant full choroidal and/or scleral invasion and were given adjuvant chemotherapy. Those without these features were considered low risk and chemotherapy was withheld after 1994.
  
  
  METHODS
  Extraocular relapse and survival according to stratification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The probability of event-free survival (pEFS) was 0.91 and the probability of overall survival (pOS) was 0.94 at 5 years. Patients in the high-risk group (n = 22) had pEFS of 0.86. Three had extraocular relapse (involving the central nervous system; all died of disease). Microscopic scleral invasion was associated to extraocular relapse (P = 0.05). Lower risk patients (n = 39) had a pEFS of 0.94 and pOS of 1. Eighteen received postenucleation chemotherapy and none relapsed. Twenty-one received no adjuvant therapy and 2 had a systemic relapse but were successfully retrieved. Relapsing patients had a higher ratio of affected optic nerve (>25% of it overall length; P = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with PLONI have an excellent outcome with current therapy. Risk stratification according to the presence of concomitant choroidal and/or scleral invasion may help in the decision of giving adjuvant therapy.
authors: Department of Hemato-oncology, Hospital J. P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina. gchantada@yahoo.com
authors: Guillermo L
authors: GL
authors: Chantada
authors: Fernando
authors: F
authors: Casco
authors: Adriana C
authors: AC
authors: Fandiño
authors: Susana
authors: S
authors: Galli
authors: Julio
authors: J
authors: Manzitti
authors: Marcelo
authors: M
authors: Scopinaro
authors: Enrique
authors: E
authors: Schvartzman
authors: María T G
authors: MT
authors: de Dávila
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D019574:Optic Nerve Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome