Delay discounting in schizophrenia.
BACKGROUND
It is well known that individuals with schizophrenia have dopaminergic abnormalities as well as memory-related difficulties, both of which are associated with impulsive decision making. We used a delay discounting measure to test the degree to which patients make future-oriented decisions.


METHODS
42 patients with schizophrenia and 29 healthy participants completed a delay discounting measure along with tests of cognitive function and, in patients, symptom ratings.


RESULTS
Patients discounted more steeply than did comparison participants. Discounting among patients related to memory capacity and tended to relate inversely to negative symptoms.


CONCLUSIONS
The impulsive decision making evidenced by patients suggests that they may be prone to choosing immediate over long-term rewards, even when their interests are better served by choosing the latter. Improving cognitive function may enhance their ability to make future-oriented decisions.
Heerey
Erin A
EA
Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA. e.heerey@bangor.ac.uk
Robinson
Benjamin M
BM
McMahon
Robert P
RP
Gold
James M
JM
D000328:Adult; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D003657:Decision Making; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D007174:Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012201:Reward; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D013998:Time Perception
D004298:Dopamine