title: Spreds are essential for embryonic lymphangiogenesis by regulating vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 signaling.
abstract: Spred/Sprouty family proteins negatively regulate growth factor-induced ERK activation. Although the individual physiological roles of Spred-1 and Spred-2 have been investigated using gene-disrupted mice, the overlapping functions of Spred-1 and Spred-2 have not been clarified. Here, we demonstrate that the deletion of both Spred-1 and Spred-2 resulted in embryonic lethality at embryonic days 12.5 to 15.5 with marked subcutaneous hemorrhage, edema, and dilated lymphatic vessels filled with erythrocytes. This phenotype resembled that of Syk(-/-) and SLP-76(-/-) mice with defects in the separation of lymphatic vessels from blood vessels. The number of LYVE-1-positive lymphatic vessels and lymphatic endothelial cells increased markedly in Spred-1/2-deficient embryos compared with WT embryos, while the number of blood vessels was not different. Ex vivo colony assay revealed that Spred-1/2 suppressed lymphatic endothelial cell proliferation and/or differentiation. In cultured cells, the overexpression of Spred-1 or Spred-2 strongly suppressed vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C)/VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-3-mediated ERK activation, while Spred-1/2-deficient cells were extremely sensitive to VEGFR-3 signaling. These data suggest that Spreds play an important role in lymphatic vessel development by negatively regulating VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 signaling.
authors: Division of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: Koji
authors: K
authors: Taniguchi
authors: Ri-Ichiro
authors: R
authors: Kohno
authors: Toranoshin
authors: T
authors: Ayada
authors: Reiko
authors: R
authors: Kato
authors: Kenji
authors: K
authors: Ichiyama
authors: Tohru
authors: T
authors: Morisada
authors: Yuichi
authors: Y
authors: Oike
authors: Yoshikazu
authors: Y
authors: Yonemitsu
authors: Yoshihiko
authors: Y
authors: Maehara
authors: Akihiko
authors: A
authors: Yoshimura
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D017353:Gene Deletion; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D042583:Lymphangiogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D040321:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C433763:Spred1 protein, mouse; C433764:Spred2 protein, mouse; D040321:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3