title: Evaluation of a stereoscopic camera-based three-dimensional viewing workstation for ophthalmic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of a prototype stereoscopic camera-based viewing system (Digital Microsurgical Workstation, three-dimensional (3D) Vision Systems, Irvine, California, USA) for anterior and posterior segment ophthalmic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Institutional-based prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anterior and posterior segment surgeons performed designated standardized tasks on porcine eyes after training on prosthetic plastic eyes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both anterior and posterior segment surgeons were able to complete tasks requiring minimal or moderate stereoscopic viewing. The results indicate that the system provides improved ergonomics. Improvements in key viewing performance areas would further enhance the value over a conventional operating microscope.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The performance of the prototype system is not at par with the planned commercial system. With continued development of this technology, the three- dimensional system may be a novel viewing system in ophthalmic surgery with improved ergonomics with respect to traditional microscopic viewing.
authors: Eye Concepts Research and Development Laboratory, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
authors: Prashant R
authors: PR
authors: Bhadri
authors: Adrian P
authors: AP
authors: Rowley
authors: Rahul N
authors: RN
authors: Khurana
authors: Charles M
authors: CM
authors: Deboer
authors: Ralph M
authors: RM
authors: Kerns
authors: Lawrence P
authors: LP
authors: Chong
authors: Mark S
authors: MS
authors: Humayun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006804:Ergonomics; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000295:instrumentation; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010781:Photography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013552:Swine; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis