title: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces insulin resistance in endothelial cells via a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent pathway.
abstract: Chronic inflammation contributes to vascular insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. Systemic infusion of TNF-alpha abrogates insulin's action to enhance skeletal muscle microvascular perfusion. In skeletal muscle TNF-alpha induces insulin resistance via the p38 MAPK pathway. To examine whether p38 MAPK also regulates TNF-alpha-induced vascular insulin resistance, bovine aortic endothelial cells (bAECs) were incubated+/-TNF-alpha (5 ng/ml) for 6 h in the presence or absence of SB203580 (p38 MAPK specific inhibitor, 10 microM) after serum starvation for 10 h. For the last 30 min, cells were treated+/-1 nM insulin, and insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, Akt, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, and eNOS activity were measured. TNF-alpha increased p38 MAPK phosphorylation, potently stimulated IRS-1 serine phosphorylation, and blunted insulin-stimulated IRS-1 tyrosine and Akt phosphorylation and eNOS activity. TNF-alpha also potently stimulated the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and AMPK. Treatment with SB203580 decreased p38 MAPK phosphorylation back to the baseline and restored insulin sensitivity of IRS-1 tyrosine and Akt phosphorylation and eNOS activity in TNF-alpha-treated bAECs without affecting TNF-alpha-induced ERK1/2 and AMPK phosphorylation. We conclude that in cultured bAECs, TNF-alpha induces insulin resistance in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/eNOS pathway via a p38 MAPK-dependent mechanism and enhances ERK1/2 and AMPK phosphorylation independent of the p38 MAPK pathway. This differential modulation of TNF-alpha's actions by p38 MAPK suggests that p38 MAPK plays a key role in TNF-alpha-mediated vascular insulin resistance and may contribute to the generalized endothelial dysfunction seen in type 2 diabetes mellitus and the cardiometabolic syndrome.
authors: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, P.O. Box 801410, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908-1410, USA.
authors: Guolian
authors: G
authors: Li
authors: Eugene J
authors: EJ
authors: Barrett
authors: Matthew O
authors: MO
authors: Barrett
authors: Wenhong
authors: W
authors: Cao
authors: Zhenqi
authors: Z
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004351:Drug Resistance; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D015151:Immunoblotting; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000378:metabolism; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases