A methodology for identifying human error in U.S. Navy diving accidents.
OBJECTIVE
To better understand how human error contributes to U.S. Navy diving accidents.


BACKGROUND
An analysis of 263 U.S. Navy diving accident and mishap reports revealed that the human factors classifications were not informative for further analysis, and 70% of mishaps were attributed to unknown causes; only 23% were attributed to human factors.


METHODS
Five diving fatality reports were examined using the consensual qualitative research (CQR) method to develop a taxonomy of six categories and 21 subcategories for classifying human errors in diving. In addition, 15 critical incident technique (CIT) interviews were conducted with U.S. Navy divers who had been involved in a diving accident or near miss and analyzed using the dive team error taxonomy.


RESULTS
Overall, failures in situation awareness and leadership were the most common human errors made by the dive team.


CONCLUSIONS
The dive team human error taxonomy could aid in accident investigation and in the training and evaluation of U.S. Navy divers.


CONCLUSIONS
The development of the dive team human error taxonomy has generated a number of considerations that researchers should take into account when developing, or adapting, an error taxonomy from one industry to another.
O'Connor
Paul
P
School of Aviation Safety, 181 Chambers Ave., Pensacola, FL 32508, USA. paul.e.oconnor@navy.mil
O'Dea
Angela
A
Melton
John
J
D000062:Accidents, Occupational / Q000145:classification* / Q000401:mortality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015984:Causality; D003665:Decompression Sickness / Q000453:epidemiology; D004242:Diving / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004332:Drowning / Q000453:epidemiology; D005568:Forms and Records Control / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D019221:Mandatory Reporting; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D009326:Naval Medicine; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012449:Safety; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology