title: Evolving patterns in the detection and outcomes of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: the Massachusetts General Hospital experience from 1977 to 2005.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess changing patterns in the detection and outcomes of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review from May 21, 1977, through September 16, 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  Massachusetts General Hospital, a tertiary care center.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 168 patients (51% male; mean age, 56 years) who underwent surgery for histologically confirmed PNENs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgical outcomes, survival, and changes in presentation of PNENs in 2 time groups: 1977-1999 (77 patients) and 2000-2005 (91 patients).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-eight patients (58.3%) had nonfunctioning PNENs, 86 of which were incidental. Insulinomas were the most common type of functional neoplasm (33.3%), followed by gastrinomas and glucagonomas; 12 patients (7.1%) had multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Of the neoplasms, 107 (63.7%) were located in the pancreatic body or tail. A pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed in 37 patients (22.0%), distal pancreatectomy was done in 88 (52.4%), and the rest had either middle segment pancreatectomy or enucleation. There were no operative deaths. We classified 76.8% of neoplasms as benign; of those classified as malignant, 25.6% had liver metastases. Of the patients, 10.1% received adjuvant therapy. Complete follow up was available in 90.5% of patients (mean, 63.3 months). Five- and 10-year actuarial survival rates were 77% and 62%, respectively. Incidentally discovered nonfunctioning neoplasms were significantly more frequent in the last 5 years (60.4% vs 40.3%; P = .007), with a trend toward smaller neoplasms (mean, 4.2 cm vs 5.6 cm; P = .19) and lesser likelihood of malignancy (21.8% vs 40.0%; P = .08).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report a large single-center experience with PNENs. Increasing numbers of PNENs are being resected, largely owing to the incidental detection of nonfunctioning neoplasms. This may lead to the treatment of smaller and less malignant neoplasms.
authors: Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors: Parsia A
authors: PA
authors: Vagefi
authors: Oswaldo
authors: O
authors: Razo
authors: Vikram
authors: V
authors: Deshpande
authors: Deborah J
authors: DJ
authors: McGrath
authors: Gregory Y
authors: GY
authors: Lauwers
authors: Sarah P
authors: SP
authors: Thayer
authors: Andrew L
authors: AL
authors: Warshaw
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Fernández-Del Castillo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018278:Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006769:Hospitals, General; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010180:Pancreatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D016577:Pancreaticoduodenectomy / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D016896:Treatment Outcome