title: Incidence and significance of upper body cyanosis in nontraumatic cardiac arrest.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Upper body cyanosis is a physical finding sometimes noted at the time of cardiac resuscitation. We attempted to determine the incidence and significance of upper body cyanosis in cases of nontraumatic cardiac arrest.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective case-control study. We reviewed all nontraumatic cardiac arrests evaluated by King County, Washington emergency medical system (EMS) personnel during 2000-2004 and identified patients with upper body or nipple-line cyanosis. Those patients who were autopsied comprised the cases for our study. Cases were age and sex matched with controls who also had cardiac arrest with an autopsy but no mention of cyanosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EMS personnel treated 3,526 patients, age 18 and older, for nontraumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. One hundred eight (3.1%) had specific mention of upper chest or nipple-line cyanosis, of whom 38 had autopsy. Among the 38 autopsy cases, 6 were died of hemopericardium compared to none in age-and sex-matched controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiac arrest with upper chest or nipple-line cyanosis had a higher incidence of hemopericardium or dissecting thoracic aortic aneurysm than patients without mention of cyanosis.
authors: University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA. bodisimo@hotmail.com
authors: Benjamin D
authors: BD
authors: Swoboda
authors: Mickey S
authors: MS
authors: Eisenberg
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Harruff
authors: Corinne L
authors: CL
authors: Fligner
mesh_terms: D002305:Cardiac Tamponade; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003490:Cyanosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014861:Washington