title: Multi-scale computational models of pro-angiogenic treatments in peripheral arterial disease.
abstract: The induction of angiogenesis is a promising therapeutic strategy for the amelioration of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). This occlusive disease results in muscle ischemia, and neovascularization is a route to increasing the perfusion in the tissue. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of potent pro-angiogenic cytokines is a potential therapeutic agent, increasing VEGF-receptor signaling on tissue vasculature. To investigate the effects of possible therapies on the VEGF concentrations and gradients within the tissue, we consider three such strategies: VEGF gene therapy (e.g. by adeno-associated virus); VEGF cell-based therapy (injected myoblasts that overexpress VEGF); and chronic exercise (which upregulates VEGF receptor expression). The multi-scale computational model used to investigate these strategies is an integration of several components: an anatomical description of the muscle geometry and cell types; microvascular blood flow; tissue oxygen distribution; VEGF secretion from muscle fibers; VEGF transport through interstitial space; and VEGF-receptor binding on microvascular endothelial cells. Exercise training, which results in increased VEGF secretion in hypoxic tissue and increased VEGF receptor expression, exhibits increases in both VEGF concentration and VEGF gradients, and is predicted to be more effective than the other, VEGF-only treatments.
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. feilim@jhu.edu
authors: Feilim
authors: F
authors: Mac Gabhann
authors: James W
authors: JW
authors: Ji
authors: Aleksander S
authors: AS
authors: Popel
mesh_terms: D042501:Angiogenic Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004360:Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D042501:Angiogenic Proteins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor