title: Corticotropin-releasing factor test in melancholic patients in depressed state versus recovery: a comparative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Basal adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) and cortisol levels and their response to corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) test were studied in melancholic depressive patients in depressed state and recovery, and compared with healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four outpatients diagnosed with unipolar depressive disorder with melancholic features according to DSM-IV and 23 healthy controls were included in the study. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-IV) was used for diagnosis. Twenty-nine patients were in recovery, while 25 were in depressed state at the moment of the administration of the CRF test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences were found between the recovered and depressed groups with respect to CRF test. Lower ACTH and higher cortisol levels with significant differences were shown in the neuroendocrine variables at 15, 30, and 60 min, and in peak response and increase, in the ACTH and cortisol response curves to CRF challenge between the groups of melancholic patients, both recovered and depressed, compared with the healthy control subjects. Moreover, recovered and depressed melancholic patients had a higher whole cortisol area under the curve with significant differences than the healthy control subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The crossover clinical status at the moment of the CRF test doesn't differentiate changes in the HPA axis in melancholic patients, while we did find significant differences in the group of healthy controls in comparison with the groups of melancholic patients both in depressive state and recovery. This supports the hypothesis that hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis shows alterations that remain in depressive patients even after recovery.
authors: Psychiatry Department, Neurosciences Institute, Hospital Clínico de Barcelona, C/ Roselló 140, Barcelona, Spain. lpintor@clinic.ub.es
authors: Luis
authors: L
authors: Pintor
authors: Xavier
authors: X
authors: Torres
authors: Victor
authors: V
authors: Navarro
authors: M A Jesús
authors: MA
authors: Martinez de Osaba
authors: Silvia
authors: S
authors: Matrai
authors: Cristobal
authors: C
authors: Gastó
mesh_terms: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004493:Education; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D006854:Hydrocortisone