title: Consumption of areca quid, cigarettes, and alcohol related to the comorbidity of oral submucous fibrosis and oral cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is defined as a precancerous condition, and it is also commonly seen in clinical practice, coexisting with oral cancer. The aim of this study was to identify the effects of areca quid, cigarette, and alcohol on the coexistence of oral cancer and OSF.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a case-control study. One hundred four histologically confirmed male OSF subjects were included, which consisted of 65 OSF subjects without oral cancer (control group) and 39 OSF subjects with oral cancer (case group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cigarette consumption in the case group was significantly higher than the control group. In drinking habits, the mean consumption of alcohol in the case group was significantly higher than the control group. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify these risk factors. Age and alcohol consumption showed a significant effect, and the odds ratios were 1.07 in age and 1.5 in alcohol consumption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alcohol drinking could be a risk factor associated with an increased risk of malignant transformation and coexistence with oral cancer in OSF patients, but cigarette and areca quid were not risk factors in our study. For oral cancer prevention from OSF, more attention should be paid to the importance of public health strategies targeted toward preventing and reducing alcohol consumption.
authors: Faculty of Dental Hygiene, College of Dental Medicine Kaoshiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors: Pei-Shan
authors: PS
authors: Ho
authors: Yi-Hsin
authors: YH
authors: Yang
authors: Tien-Yu
authors: TY
authors: Shieh
authors: I-Yueh
authors: IY
authors: Huang
authors: Yun-Kwan
authors: YK
authors: Chen
authors: Ko-Ni
authors: KN
authors: Lin
authors: Chung-Ho
authors: CH
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001114:Areca / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D009914:Oral Submucous Fibrosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*