Glutamatergic phenotype of hypothalamic neurosecretory systems: a novel aspect of central neuroendocrine regulation.
While three decades ago, the co-existence of classical neurotransmitters and peptide neuromodulators in a single neuronal cell was considered to be rather exceptional, the phenomenon that neurons have a complex transmitter phenotype now appears to be the general rule. Parvicellular and magnocellular neurosecretory systems consist of neuronal cells which are specialized in secreting peptide neurohormones into the blood-stream to regulate hypophyseal functions. This mini-review, dedicated to the memory of Mariann Fodor, summarizes the current knowledge about the classical neurotransmitter content of different hypothalamic neurosecretory systems, with a special focus on the occurrence and putative functions of glutamate in parvicellular and magnocellular neurosecretory cells.
Hrabovszky
Erik
E
Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest. hrabovszky@koki.hu
Liposits
Zsolt
Z
D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000378:metabolism*; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism*; D017403:In Situ Hybridization / Q000379:methods; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D050599:Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2 / Q000032:analysis
D015415:Biomarkers; D050599:Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2; D018698:Glutamic Acid