title: The impact of state policies on vaccine coverage by age 13 in an insured population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the impact of state policies on vaccine coverage among adolescents with managed care insurance.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the 2003 Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set to determine state-specific hepatitis B and varicella vaccine coverage among children with managed care insurance who turned 13 years in 2002. Our outcomes of interest were receipt of hepatitis B and varicella vaccines by age 13. Utilizing weighted least-squares methods, multiple linear regression models were developed to evaluate the relationship between hepatitis B and varicella vaccine coverage and state policies, while controlling for state sociodemographic variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Across 28 states, adolescent hepatitis B vaccine coverage ranged from 35.3% to 80.5% (mean = 55.3%) and varicella vaccine coverage ranged from 22.9% to 7.6% (mean = 42.3%). In separate multiple regression models, after adjusting for potentially confounding sociodemographic variables, middle school mandates were significantly associated with hepatitis B vaccine coverage (p = .002) and varicella vaccine coverage (p = .024). Other policies, including universal purchase of vaccines and availability of philosophic exemptions, were not associated with vaccine coverage in this insured population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this population of insured adolescents, middle school vaccine mandates were the only state policy associated with improved hepatitis B and varicella vaccine coverage. Mandates are an effective method for promoting adolescent immunization.
authors: Departments of Pediatrics and Population and Family Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA. eo85@columbia.edu
authors: Elyse
authors: E
authors: Olshen
authors: Barbara E
authors: BE
authors: Mahon
authors: Shuang
authors: S
authors: Wang
authors: Elizabeth R
authors: ER
authors: Woods
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002644:Chickenpox / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019433:Chickenpox Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006291:Health Policy; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D019458:Insurance Coverage / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008297:Male; D008329:Managed Care Programs / Q000458:organization & administration; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012042:Registries; D013221:State Health Plans / Q000458:organization & administration*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D019433:Chickenpox Vaccine; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines