title: Neocartilage formation from predifferentiated human adipose derived stem cells in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the chondrogenic potential of human adipose derived stem cells (hASC) induced by human transforming growth factor beta2 (hTGF beta2) in vitro, and to investigate if predifferentiated hASC can produce neocartilage in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  hASC were isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue and cultured in pellets with the addition of hTGF beta2. Chondrogenic differentiation was assayed by RT-PCR, Western blotting, toluidine blue staining, and immunohistochemistry staining for collagen type II. For the in vivo study, intact induced cell pellets or the released cells embedded in alginate gel with different concentrations were implanted subcutaneously in nude mice. Specimens were harvested at different time points and carried with histological and immunohistochemistry examination to evaluate the cartilage formation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RT-PCR analysis revealed that hASC produced aggrecan and collagen type II after 7 d of induction and continued throughout the culture period. This was also demonstrated by the Western blot analysis, positive staining of toluidine blue, and immunohistochemistry for collagen type II. After reseeding in the monolayer, the cells isolated from the pellets displayed a polygonal morphology compared with the primary spindle shape. hASC were released from the induced cell pellets when embedded in alginate gel (implanted cell concentration=5X10(6) /mL or higher). They produced neocartilage after 12 weeks in vivo culture; however, intact induced cell pellets implanted subcutaneously rapidly lost their differentiated phenotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chondrogenesis of hASC in vitro can be induced by combining pellet culture and hTGF beta2 treatment. Predifferentiated hASC embedded in alginate gel have the ability of producing neocartilage in vivo.
authors: Department of Orthopedics, Peking University, Third Hospital, Beijing 100083, China.
authors: Xiao-Bing
authors: XB
authors: Jin
authors: Yong-Sheng
authors: YS
authors: Sun
authors: Ke
authors: K
authors: Zhang
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: Xiao-Dong
authors: XD
authors: Ju
authors: Si-Quan
authors: SQ
authors: Lou
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D002356:Cartilage / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D053781:Transforming Growth Factor beta2 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053781:Transforming Growth Factor beta2