title: AM404 decreases Fos-immunoreactivity in the spinal cord in a model of inflammatory pain.
abstract: Cannabinoids, such as anandamide, are involved in pain transmission. We evaluated the effects of AM404 (N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenamide), an anandamide reuptake inhibitor, monitoring the expression of c-fos, a marker of activated neurons and the pain-related behaviours using formalin test. The study was carried out in an experimental model of inflammatory pain made by a single injection of formalin in rat hind paws. Formalin test showed that the antinociceptive effect of AM404 was evident in phase I. We found that Fos-positive neurons in dorsal superficial and deep laminae of the lumbar spinal cord increased in formalin-injected animals and that AM404 significantly reduced Fos induction. Co-administration of cannabinoid CB(1) receptor antagonist (AM251), cannabinoid CB(2) receptor antagonist (AM630) and transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV-1) antagonist (capsazepine), attenuate the inhibitory effect of AM404 and this effect was higher using cannabinoid CB(2) and vanilloid TRPV-1 receptor antagonists. These results suggest that AM404 could be a useful drug to reduce inflammatory pain in our experimental model and that cannabinoid CB(2) receptor and vanilloid TRPV-1 receptor, and to a lesser extent, the cannabinoid CB(1) receptor are involved.
authors: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Division of Human Anatomy, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
authors: Elisa
authors: E
authors: Borsani
authors: Mauro
authors: M
authors: Labanca
authors: Rossella
authors: R
authors: Bianchi
authors: Luigi F
authors: LF
authors: Rodella
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D043885:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D007211:Indoles; D010880:Piperidines; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D011720:Pyrazoles; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; D043885:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels; C493922:Trpv1 protein, rat; C103505:AM 251; C071423:capsazepine; D002211:Capsaicin; C094023:iodopravadoline; C078814:anandamide; C107594:N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)arachidonylamide