The uptake and distribution of coenzyme Q10.
This review describes recent advances in our understanding of the uptake and distribution of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in cells, animals, and humans. These advances have provided evidence of important pharmacokinetic factors, such as non-linear absorption and enterohepatic recirculation, and may facilitate the development of new CoQ10 formulations. Studies providing data which support the claim of tissue uptake of exogenous CoQ10 are also discussed. Improved CoQ10 dosing and drug level monitoring guidelines are suggested for adult and pediatric patient populations. Future CoQ10 research should consider uptake and distribution factors to determine cost-benefit relationships.
Miles
Michael V
MV
Division of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA. michael.miles@cchmc.org
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003067:Coenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006168:Guinea Pigs / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051381:Rats; D013997:Time Factors; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
D000975:Antioxidants; D003067:Coenzymes; D014451:Ubiquinone; C024989:coenzyme Q10; D010100:Oxygen