title: Prevalence and impact of diarrhea on health-related quality of life in HIV-infected patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Before the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the majority of HIV-infected patients experienced diarrhea. The aims of this study were to compare the prevalence of diarrhea among HIV-infected and uninfected patients in the HAART era, and to evaluate the impact of diarrhea on health-related quality of life (HRQOL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Diarrheal symptoms experienced by 163 consecutive HIV-infected patients and 253 HIV-seronegative control subjects were ascertained using a validated questionnaire. The HRQOL of these patients was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) SF-36 and MOS-HIV Health surveys.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 163 HIV-infected patients, the median CD4 cell count was 370 cells/mm and 150 individuals were taking HAART. Significantly, more HIV-infected subjects reported having 3 or more bowel movements daily within the past 7 days than did HIV-seronegative subjects (28.2% vs. 7.1%, P<0.001), even after adjusting for potential confounding variables (odds ratios=6.65; 95% confidence intervals, 3.36-13.17). In addition, diarrhea was significantly more common in HIV-infected patients than in control subjects when assessed by several other criteria. HIV-infected patients reported significantly worse HRQOL across all domains of the MOS SF-36 as compared with control subjects. Among HIV-infected patients, individuals with diarrhea had significantly worse HRQOL in nearly all domains of the MOS-HIV as compared with those without diarrhea.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diarrhea remains an important clinical problem in HIV-infected patients and is associated with significant impairments in HRQOL. It is important that healthcare providers specifically evaluate their HIV-infected patients for diarrhea so that these symptoms may be optimally managed.
authors: Division of Gastroenterology, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Bellevue Hospital, New York, NY, USA. uzma.siddiqui@yale.edu
authors: Uzma
authors: U
authors: Siddiqui
authors: Edmund J
authors: EJ
authors: Bini
authors: Khushbu
authors: K
authors: Chandarana
authors: Jennifer
authors: J
authors: Leong
authors: Sabena
authors: S
authors: Ramsetty
authors: Danise
authors: D
authors: Schiliro
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Poles
mesh_terms: D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires