title: Effects of the renin-angiotensin system genes and salt sensitivity genes on blood pressure and atherosclerosis in the total population and patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: Most studies on the genetic determinants of blood pressure and vascular complications of type 2 diabetes have focused on the effects of single genes. These studies often have yielded conflicting results. Therefore, we examined the combined effects of three renin-angiotensin system (RAS) genes and three salt sensitivity genes in relation to blood pressure and atherosclerosis in the total population and type 2 diabetic patients. The study was a part of the Rotterdam Study, a population-based cohort study. We have genotyped three RAS gene polymorphisms and three salt sensitivity gene polymorphisms. Diabetic patients with three risk genotypes of the RAS genes had a 6.9 mmHg higher systolic blood pressure (P for trend = 0.04) and a 6.0 mmHg higher pulse pressure (P for trend = 0.03) than those who did not carry any risk genotypes. Diabetic patients with three risk genotypes of the salt sensitivity genes had a 9.0 mmHg higher systolic blood pressure (P = 0.19) and a 13.1 mmHg higher pulse pressure (P = 0.02). Diabetic patients who carried three risk genotypes for the RAS genes had a higher mean intima-media thickness than those with two risk genotypes (mean difference 0.04 mm, P = 0.02). We found that among type 2 diabetic patients, mean systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and risk of hypertension increased with the number of risk genotypes for the RAS genes and the salt sensitivity genes.
authors: Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Mojgan
authors: M
authors: Yazdanpanah
authors: Yuri S
authors: YS
authors: Aulchenko
authors: Albert
authors: A
authors: Hofman
authors: Joop A M J L
authors: JA
authors: Janssen
authors: Fakhredin A
authors: FA
authors: Sayed-Tabatabaei
authors: Ron H N
authors: RH
authors: van Schaik
authors: Olaf H
authors: OH
authors: Klungel
authors: Bruno H C H
authors: BH
authors: Stricker
authors: Huibert A P
authors: HA
authors: Pols
authors: Jacqueline C M
authors: JC
authors: Witteman
authors: Steven W J
authors: SW
authors: Lamberts
authors: Ben A
authors: BA
authors: Oostra
authors: Cornelia M
authors: CM
authors: van Duijn
mesh_terms: D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000235:genetics; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000235:genetics*; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary