title: Equestrian injuries: incidence, injury patterns, and risk factors for 10 years of major traumatic injuries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Horseback riding is more dangerous than motorcycle riding, skiing, football, and rugby. The purpose of this study was to identify the incidence and injury patterns, as well as risk factors associated with severe equestrian trauma.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients with major equestrian injuries (injury severity score > or = 12) admitted between 1995 and 2005 were reviewed. A 46-question survey outlining potential rider, animal, and environmental risk factors was administered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 7941 trauma patients, 151 (2%) were injured on horseback (mean injury severity score, 20; mortality rate, 7%). Injuries included the chest (54%), head (48%), abdomen (22%), and extremities (17%). Forty-five percent required surgery. Survey results (55%) indicated that riders and horses were well trained, with a 47% recidivism rate. Only 9% of patients wore helmets, however, 64% believed the accident was preventable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chest trauma previously has been underappreciated. This injury pattern may be a result of significant rider experience. Helmet and vest use will be targeted in future injury prevention strategies.
authors: Department of Surgery, Foothills Medical Centre, 10th Floor, North Tower, 403 29th St. NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 2T9.
authors: Chad G
authors: CG
authors: Ball
authors: Jill E
authors: JE
authors: Ball
authors: Andrew W
authors: AW
authors: Kirkpatrick
authors: Robert H
authors: RH
authors: Mulloy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors