title: Bladder cancer in perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride manufacturing workers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether bladder cancer is associated with exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in an occupational cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incidence of bladder cancer was ascertained by postal questionnaire to all living current and former employees of the facility (N = 1895) and death certificates for deceased workers (N = 188). Exposure to PFOS was estimated with work history records and weighted with biological monitoring data. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were estimated using U.S. population-based rates as a reference. Bladder cancer risk within the cohort was evaluated using Poisson regression by cumulative PFOS exposure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Questionnaires were returned by 1,400 of the 1895 cohort members presumed alive. Eleven cases of primary bladder cancer were identified from the surveys (n = 6) and death certificates (n = 5). The SIRs were 1.28 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.64-2.29) for the entire cohort and 1.74 (95% CI = 0.64-3.79) for those ever working in a high exposed job. Compared with employees in the lowest cumulative exposure category, the relative risk of bladder cancer was 0.83 (95% CI = 0.15-4.65), 1.92 (95% CI = 0.30-12.06), and 1.52 (95% CI = 0.21-10.99).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results offer little support for an association between bladder cancer and PFOS exposure, but the limited size of the population prohibits a conclusive exposure response analysis.
authors: Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, USA. balex@umn.edu
authors: Bruce H
authors: BH
authors: Alexander
authors: Geary W
authors: GW
authors: Olsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000633:toxicity*; D002617:Chemical Industry; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D018570:Risk Assessment; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D005466:Fluorocarbons; C076994:perfluorooctane sulfonic acid