title: Interpretation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen-specific IFN-gamma release assays (T-SPOT.TB) and factors that may modulate test results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Data about T cell antigen-specific (ESAT-6 and CFP-10) IFN-gamma release assays (IGRAs) during and after completion of anti-tuberculous (TB) treatment are limited and highly discordant. Thus, the utility of IGRAs as a surrogate marker of mycobacterial burden remain unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate factors that modulate IGRA responses during anti-TB treatment we used a standardised assay (T-SPOT.TB) in 33 patients with culture positive tuberculosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly more patients in the early (< or = 4 months of anti-TB treatment) rather than the late phase (> 4 months or completed anti-TB treatment) had positive IGRA responses [10/12 (83%) vs 4/21 (19%); p < or = 0.01]. Thus, 17/21 (81%) in the late phase or who had completed treatment (mean duration of treatment = 8.7 months) were IGRA negative, despite having robust antigen-specific recall proliferative responses. In these 17 patients prolonged incubation (5 days vs overnight), use of different antigen preparations (protein vs peptide) and addition of endotoxin, failed to elicit positive responses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In treated TB patients the discordant IGRA data remain unexplained by variation in laboratory protocols and are more likely due to host or environmental factors. In a low burden setting IGRAs may be a promising surrogate marker of mycobacterial disease burden.
authors: Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa. keertan.dheda@uct.ac.za
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Dheda
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Pooran
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Pai
authors: R F
authors: RF
authors: Miller
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Lesley
authors: H L
authors: HL
authors: Booth
authors: G M
authors: GM
authors: Scott
authors: A N
authors: AN
authors: Akbar
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Zumla
authors: G A
authors: GA
authors: Rook
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008297:Male; D013019:South Africa; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C117940:CFP-10 protein, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; C093276:ESAT-6 protein, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; C072681:Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens; D007371:Interferon-gamma