title: Insulin as a T cell antigen in type 1 diabetes supported by the evidence from the insulin knockout NOD mice.
abstract: Rodents have two functional preproinsulin genes named insulin 1 and insulin 2 on different chromosome and have two amino acid differences in insulin B chain. We have established insulin 1 or insulin 2 knockout (KO) non-obese diabetic (NOD) colonies in the animal institute of Kobe University and evaluated anti-insulin autoimmunity. Similar to the previous report, insulin 1-KO provides strong protection from insulitis (islet-infiltration of mononuclear cells) and diabetes, whereas the insulin 2-KO markedly accelerated insulitis and development of diabetes even at further backcross breeding with NOD/Shi/Kbe mice (P<0.0001). Expression of serum anti-insulin autoantibodies (IAA) was enhanced in insulin 2-KO mice at a time between 10 and 15 weeks of age (P<0.005) while the expression of insulin 1-KO NOD mice was rather reduced. Furthermore, T cell reactivity in splenocytes of insulin 2-KO NOD mice to insulin 1 B:9-23 peptide was increased (P<0.05), suggesting that expanding insulin-reactive T cells may contribute to the acceleration of diabetes in insulin 2-KO mice. Based on those observations, we hypothesize that insulin 1 is a crucial T cell antigen in murine autoimmune diabetes and modification of anti-insulin autoimmunity can be applicable to antigen-based therapy for human type 1 diabetic patients.
authors: Department of Internal and Geriatric Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan. hirom@med.kobe-u.ac.jp
authors: Hiroaki
authors: H
authors: Moriyama
authors: Masao
authors: M
authors: Nagata
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Arai
authors: Yasuyo
authors: Y
authors: Okumachi
authors: Katsumi
authors: K
authors: Yamada
authors: Reiko
authors: R
authors: Kotani
authors: Hisafumi
authors: H
authors: Yasuda
authors: Kenta
authors: K
authors: Hara
authors: Koich
authors: K
authors: Yokono
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006720:Homozygote; D007328:Insulin / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics*; D007330:Insulin Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D007330:Insulin Antibodies