title: Operative vaginal delivery and the use of episiotomy--a survey of practice in the United Kingdom and Ireland.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the views and current practice of obstetricians with regard to operative vaginal delivery and the use of episiotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A national survey of consultant obstetricians and specialist registrars practising in the United Kingdom and Ireland registered with the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG), London. A postal questionnaire was sent to all obstetricians with two subsequent reminders to non-responders. The choice of procedure for specific circumstances, instrument preference, use of episiotomy and views on the relationship between episiotomy use and anal sphincter tears at operative vaginal delivery were explored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate was 80.4%. Instrument preference varied according to the fetal position and station and the grade of operator. Vacuum and forceps were both used for mid-cavity non-rotational deliveries (64% and 56% reported frequent use respectively). Rotational vacuum was preferred for a mid-cavity mal-position (69%) followed by equal numbers using rotational forceps or manual rotation and forceps (34% and 36%, respectively). Inexperienced operators were more likely to proceed directly to caesarean section (35%). A restrictive approach to use of episiotomy was preferred for vacuum delivery (72%) and a routine approach for forceps (73%). Obstetricians varied greatly in their perception of the relationship between episiotomy use and anal sphincter tears at operative vaginal delivery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is wide variation in the use of episiotomy at operative vaginal delivery with uncertainty about its role in preventing anal sphincter tears. A randomised controlled trial would address this important aspect of obstetric care.
authors: Division of Maternal and Child Health Sciences, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom.
authors: Maureen
authors: M
authors: Macleod
authors: Deirdre J
authors: DJ
authors: Murphy
mesh_terms: D001003:Anal Canal / Q000293:injuries*; D004841:Episiotomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005113:Extraction, Obstetrical / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007494:Ireland; D011247:Pregnancy; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom