title: Occludin-mediated premature senescence is a fail-safe mechanism against tumorigenesis in breast carcinoma cells.
abstract: We have previously demonstrated that epigenetic silencing of occludin, a tight junction-associated membrane protein, results in the acquisition of apoptotic resistance to various apoptogenic stimuli, causally contributing to the enhanced tumorigenicity of cancer cells. However, it remains to be examined whether occludin expression in transformed cells has an alternative impact that is important for cancer progression. Here we show that forced expression of occludin induces anoikis and promotes oxidative stress-induced premature senescence in breast carcinoma cells, which is accompanied by upregulation of negative cell cycle regulators such as p16(INK4A), p21(Waf1/Cip1) and p27(Kip1) but not p53. The senescent phenotype is reversed by specific inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase. Endogenous reexpression of occludin mediated by a synergistic effect with a demethylator and histone deacetylase inhibitor or retinoids that stimulate retinoic acid receptor alpha is also sufficient for provoking the senescent phenotype. In addition, tumors that developed from occludin-expressing cells in mice showed a feature of cellular senescence that has not been described as a consequence of occludin signaling. These findings suggest that the loss of occludin expression is at least partially involved in the senescence-escape program during mammary tumorigenesis.
authors: Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan. osanaim@sapmed.ac.jp
authors: Makoto
authors: M
authors: Osanai
authors: Masaki
authors: M
authors: Murata
authors: Nami
authors: N
authors: Nishikiori
authors: Hideki
authors: H
authors: Chiba
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Kojima
authors: Norimasa
authors: N
authors: Sawada
mesh_terms: D019588:Aging, Premature / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle; D016923:Cell Death; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D062793:Occludin; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D062793:Occludin; C568986:Ocln protein, mouse; D001616:beta-Galactosidase