title: Identification of nestin-positive putative mammary stem cells in human breastmilk.
abstract: Stem cells in mammary tissue have been well characterised by using the mammary stem cell marker, cytokeratin (CK) 5 and the mature epithelial markers CK14, CK18 and CK19. As these markers have never been reported in cells from breastmilk, the aim of this study has been to determine whether mammary stem cells are present in expressed human breastmilk. Cultured cells from human breastmilk were studied by using immunofluorescent labelling and reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We found a heterogeneous population of cells with differential expression of CK5, CK14, CK18 and CK19. Further, by using the multipotent stem cell marker, nestin, we identified cells in culture that were positive only for nestin or double-positive for CK5/nestin, whereas no co-staining was observed for CK14, CK18 and CK19 with nestin. When cells isolated from breastmilk were analysed by using RT-PCR prior to culture, only nestin and CK18 were detected, thereby indicating that breastmilk contained differentiated epithelial and putative stem cells. Furthermore, fluorescence-activated cell-sorting analysis demonstrated, in breastmilk, a small side-population of cells that excluded Hoechst 33342 (a key property of multipotent stem cells). When stained for nestin, the cells in the side-population were positive, whereas those not in the side-population were negative. The presence of nestin-positive putative mammary stem cells suggests that human breastmilk is a readily available and non-invasive source of putative mammary stem cells that may be useful for research into both mammary gland biology and more general stem cell biology.
authors: School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Life and Physical Sciences, M310, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. mark.cregan@uwa.edu.au
authors: Mark D
authors: MD
authors: Cregan
authors: Yiping
authors: Y
authors: Fan
authors: Amber
authors: A
authors: Appelbee
authors: Mark L
authors: ML
authors: Brown
authors: Borut
authors: B
authors: Klopcic
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Koppen
authors: Leon R
authors: LR
authors: Mitoulas
authors: Kristin M E
authors: KM
authors: Piper
authors: Mahesh A
authors: MA
authors: Choolani
authors: Yap-Seng
authors: YS
authors: Chong
authors: Peter E
authors: PE
authors: Hartmann
mesh_terms: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D001940:Breast; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007633:Keratins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D039902:Multipotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D064231:Nestin
chemical_list: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins; C577484:NES protein, human; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D064231:Nestin; D007633:Keratins