title: Rho-kinase inhibition suppresses potassium chloride-induced bladder hyperactivity in a rat model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The molecular mechanisms by which potassium induces urinary bladder hyperactivity are not clear. In the present study, we tested our hypothesis that potassium chloride (KCl)-induced bladder hyperactivity might be mediated through a calcium-sensitizing RhoA-Rho-kinase pathway in an in vivo animal model using urodynamic parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two groups of adult male rats (n = 8) were anesthetized, their bladder exteriorized, and a saline-filled Intracath fixed into the bladder dome. This Intracath was connected to a pressure transducer and an infusion pump. Continuous filling cystometrograms were performed by infusing warm saline (0.04 mL/min) to obtain baseline data on each rat. The number of contractions per unit time (intercontractile intervals in seconds), pressure threshold, and peak pressure during micturition were recorded. To create bladder hyperactivity, protamine sulfate (30 mg/mL) followed by KCl (500 mM) was infused intravesically, and a continuous filling cystometrogram was again recorded. Y-27632, a specific RhoA-Rho-kinase inhibitor, was administered either intra-arterially (group 1) or intravesically (group 2) to each rat, and an additional continuous filling cystometrogram was recorded with KCl (500 mM) to observe the effects of Rho-kinase inhibition on bladder contractility.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intravesical KCl infusion after protamine exposure resulted in significantly greater contractions and decreased the intercontractile interval (P <0.05). Y-27632 administration attenuated the effect of KCl on the contractions and intercontractile interval and decreased the mean pressure threshold.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Suppression of KCl-induced bladder contractility by the Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 confirmed the involvement of this novel calcium-sensitizing RhoA-Rho-kinase pathway in mediating these smooth muscle contractions.
authors: Division of Urology, University of California, San Diego, Medical Center, San Diego, California 92103-8897, USA. mrajasek@ucsd.edu
authors: Mahadevan
authors: M
authors: Rajasekaran
authors: Neal
authors: N
authors: Mehta
authors: Angelo
authors: A
authors: Baquir
authors: Steven
authors: S
authors: Kuntz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014563:Urodynamics; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases