title: Advanced imaging and visualization in gastrointestinal disorders.
abstract: Advanced medical imaging and visualization has a strong impact on research and clinical decision making in gastroenterology. The aim of this paper is to show how imaging and visualization can disclose structural and functional abnormalities of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Imaging methods such as ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), endoscopy, endosonography, and elastography will be outlined and visualization with Virtual Reality and haptic methods. Ultrasonography is a versatile method that can be used to evaluate antral contractility, gastric emptying, transpyloric flow, gastric configuration, intragastric distribution of meals, gastric accommodation and strain measurement of the gastric wall. Advanced methods for endoscopic ultrasound, three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound, and tissue Doppler (Strain Rate Imaging) provide detailed information of the GI tract. Food hypersensitivity reactions including gastrointestinal reactions due to food allergy can be visualized by ultrasonography and MRI. Development of multi-parametric and multi-modal imaging may increase diagnostic benefits and facilitate fusion of diagnostic and therapeutic imaging in the future.
authors: National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen N-5021, Norway. odd.gilja@uib.no
authors: Odd Helge
authors: OH
authors: Gilja
authors: Jan G
authors: JG
authors: Hatlebakk
authors: Svein
authors: S
authors: Odegaard
authors: Arnold
authors: A
authors: Berstad
authors: Ivan
authors: I
authors: Viola
authors: Christopher
authors: C
authors: Giertsen
authors: Trygve
authors: T
authors: Hausken
authors: Hans
authors: H
authors: Gregersen
mesh_terms: D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods; D019160:Endosonography / Q000379:methods*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000502:physiology; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*