title: Effects of burnings of wax apple stubble and rice straw on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran concentrations in air and soil.
abstract: Measurements of the concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were made in ambient air, ash, and soil impacted by the open burning of wax apple and rice straw residues. Measurements showed that the mean PCDD/F concentration (0.458 pg I-TEQ/Nm3; international toxicity equivalence) in air at two wax apple orchards during open burning increased markedly, -8.1 times higher than that (0.057 pg I-TEQ/Nm3); before open burning. In addition, the mean PCDD/F concentration (0.409 pg I-TEQ/Nm3) in ambient air at a rice straw field was 4.6 times higher than that (0.089 pg I-TEQ/Nm3) before open burning. After burning the residues of wax apple stubble and rice straw, the contents of PCDD/F in ashes were 1.393 and 1.568 ng I-TEQ/kg-ash, respectively, and the contents of PCDD/F in soil were 2.258 and 2.890 ng I-TEQ/kg-soil, respectively. Therefore, the turnover of soil with the ash after open burning over years will result in the accumulation of PCDD/Fs in farm soils.
authors: Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors: Jen-Ho
authors: JH
authors: Kao
authors: Kang-Shin
authors: KS
authors: Chen
authors: Cheng-Hsien
authors: CH
authors: Tsai
authors: Hsing-Wang
authors: HW
authors: Li
authors: Guo-Ping
authors: GP
authors: Chang-Chien
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis*; D002681:China; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D018556:Crops, Agricultural; D017745:Incineration; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D012275:Oryza; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D001572:Benzofurans; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C023614:dibenzofuran