Participatory evaluation (II)--translating concepts of reliability and validity in fieldwork.
BACKGROUND
In developing countries participatory methods are a viable way of evaluating social development projects. It provides a means to look constructively at the strengths and weaknesses in projects, and use the lessons learned to improve planning and implementation. One of the challenges faced, however, is being able to ensure that the study is sound, reliable and valid, and that it is free from bias, thus making the final results trustworthy and of use to a larger population.


METHODS
This article looks at five steps involved in a participatory evaluation process and the ways in which reliability and validity have been considered.


RESULTS
Participatory studies may be different, but all have similar underlying principles as traditional quantitative and qualitative studies. Examples from fieldwork in Asia have been used to demonstrate how studies can be made credible, so that they have value, influence or the ability to encourage changes in thinking, while evaluating social development projects. At every stage, the role of the external evaluator remains crucial, and has to be that of a facilitator, encouraging participation from everyone.


CONCLUSIONS
Hence project evaluations using such a method must be clear in how to remove bias and ensure reliability and validity in all the stages of the evaluation, from planning to making recommendations. Imaginative and alternative strategies need to be developed to examine reliability and validity in the qualitative evaluation.
Crishna
B
B
3B Dover Palace, 6 Dover Road, Kolkata 700016, West Bengal, India. brincrish@yahoo.co.in
D001208:Asia; D003256:Community Participation; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003625:Data Collection; D003906:Developing Countries; D006801:Humans; D015397:Program Evaluation / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012922:Social Change