title: Relations of effortful control, reactive undercontrol, and anger to Chinese children's adjustment.
abstract: The purpose of the study was to examine the zero-order and unique relations of effortful attentional and behavioral regulation, reactive impulsivity, and anger/frustration to Chinese first and second graders' internalizing and externalizing symptoms, as well as the prediction of adjustment from the interaction of anger/frustration and effortful control or impulsivity. A parent and teacher reported on children's anger/frustration, effortful control, and impulsivity. Parents reported on children's internalizing symptoms, and teachers and peers reported on children's externalizing symptoms. Children were classified as relatively high on externalizing (or comorbid), internalizing, or nondisordered. High impulsivity and teacher-reported anger/frustration, and low effortful control, were associated with externalizing problems, whereas low effortful control and high parent-reported anger were predictive of internalizing problems. Unique prediction from effortful and reactive control was obtained and these predictors (especially when reported by teachers) often interacted with anger/frustration when predicting problem behavior classification.
authors: Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1104, USA. nancy.eisenberg@asu.edu
authors: Nancy
authors: N
authors: Eisenberg
authors: Yue
authors: Y
authors: Ma
authors: Lei
authors: L
authors: Chang
authors: Qing
authors: Q
authors: Zhou
authors: Stephen G
authors: SG
authors: West
authors: Leona
authors: L
authors: Aiken
mesh_terms: D000786:Anger; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology*; D001288:Attention; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D002681:China; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D005260:Female; D005639:Frustration; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology; D010552:Personality Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012917:Social Adjustment