Haemophilus influenzae meningitis 5 years after introduction of the Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine in Brazil.
The long-term impact of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine, introduced throughout Latin America in the late 1990s, has not been evaluated. Active surveillance for H. influenzae meningitis was performed from August 9, 1996 to August 8, 2004 in Metropolitan Salvador, Brazil. Five years after the introduction of Hib conjugate vaccine, Hib meningitis incidence decreased from 2.39 to 0.06 cases per 100,000 population (98%) overall, and from 60.9 to 3.1 cases per 100,000 population (95%) in children <1 year of age. A transient serotype replacement phenomenon was observed associated with a small increase of meningitis due to two H. influenzae type a clonal groups. These findings indicate that Hib immunization campaign has led to the virtual elimination of Hib disease in this region.
Ribeiro
Guilherme S
GS
Gonçalo Moniz Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Rua Waldemar Falcão 121, Bahia 40296-710, Salvador, Brazil.
Lima
Josilene B T
JB
Reis
Joice N
JN
Gouveia
Edilane L
EL
Cordeiro
Soraia M
SM
Lobo
Tatiana S
TS
Pinheiro
Ricardo M
RM
Ribeiro
Cássio T
CT
Neves
Alan B
AB
Salgado
Kátia
K
Silva
Hagamenon R
HR
Reis
Mitermayer G
MG
Ko
Albert I
AI
D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018073:Haemophilus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D019741:Haemophilus influenzae type b / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008583:Meningitis, Haemophilus / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012703:Serotyping; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
D018073:Haemophilus Vaccines; C055753:Haemophilus influenza type b polysaccharide vaccine-tetanus toxin conjugate; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate