title: Differential modulation of Rhodnius prolixus nitric oxide activities following challenge with Trypanosoma rangeli, T. cruzi and bacterial cell wall components.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) is a key immune effector and signaling molecule in many organisms. However, the contribution NO makes towards insect immunity has received little attention, particularly in non-dipteran species. In this study, tissue- and time-specific alterations in NO synthase (NOS) gene expression and NO production were documented in the hemipteran vector of Chagas' disease, Rhodnius prolixus, following in vivo immune challenge by Trypanosoma cruzi, T. rangeli and crude bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The most pronounced reactions to crude LPS occurred in major immune tissues (fat body and blood cells), while tissues of the digestive tract were most responsive to infections by T. cruzi and T. rangeli. The data suggest the NO-mediated immune responses of R. prolixus are pathogen-specific and independently modified both at the transcriptional and enzyme levels.
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wales Swansea, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
authors: Miranda
authors: M
authors: Whitten
authors: Fan
authors: F
authors: Sun
authors: Ian
authors: I
authors: Tew
authors: Günter
authors: G
authors: Schaub
authors: Charles
authors: C
authors: Soukou
authors: Anthony
authors: A
authors: Nappi
authors: Norman
authors: N
authors: Ratcliffe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001769:Blood / Q000378:metabolism; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000378:metabolism; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000502:physiology; D007700:Kinetics; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D012239:Rhodnius / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D014345:Trypanosoma / Q000276:immunology; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009573:Nitrites; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase