Allograft inflammatory factor-1 and its immune regulation.
The allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) is a 17 kDa interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) inducible Ca(2+)-binding EF-hand protein that is encoded within the HLA class III genomic region. Three proteins including ionized Ca(2+)-binding adaptor 1, microglia response factor-1, and daintain are identical with AIF-1. The expression of AIF-1 was mostly limited to the monocyte/macrophage lineage, and augmented by cytokines such as IFN-gamma. It was assumed that AIF-1 was a novel molecule involved in inflammatory responses, allograft rejection, as well as the activation and function of macrophages. However, it has been reported that AIF-1 is also expressed in macrophages and microglial cells in autoimmune diseases such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, neuritis and uveitis models, suggesting that AIF-1 may play a pivotal role in autoimmunity. In the present manuscript, the genomic and functional characteristics of AIF-1 family proteins as well as their immune regulatory effects are reviewed.
Liu
Guangwei
G
Transplantation Biology Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beisihuan Xi Road 25, Beijing 100080, China.
Ma
Haixia
H
Jiang
Lingling
L
Zhao
Yong
Y
D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014181:Transplantation Immunology; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
C112986:AIF1 protein, human; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D008840:Microfilament Proteins