title: Urinary symptoms in adolescent females: STI or UTI?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if urinary symptoms or urinary tract infections (UTI) were associated with sexually transmitted infections (STI) and which history, clinical, and laboratory findings could distinguish these infections in symptomatic women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional sample of 296 sexually active females aged 14-22 years attending a hospital-based teen health center or emergency department were recruited. Genitourinary symptoms, medical and sexual history, and urinalysis results were recorded. STI was defined as a vaginal swab positive for Trichomonas vaginalis or urine nucleic acid amplification test positive for Neisseria gonorrheae or Chlamydia trachomatis. A urine culture with >10,000 colonies of a single pathogen was considered a positive UTI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the full sample, prevalence of UTI and STI were 17% and 33%, respectively. Neither urinary symptoms nor UTI was significantly associated with STI. Further analyses are reported for the 154 (51%) with urinary symptoms: Positive urine leukocytes, more than one partner in the last three months and history of STI predicted STI. Urinalysis results identified four groups: (1) Normal urinalysis-67% had no infection; (2) Positive nitrites or protein-55% had UTI; (3) Positive leukocytes or blood-62% had STI; and (4) Both nitrites/protein and leukocytes/blood positive-28% had STI and 65% had UTI. Those without a documented UTI were more likely to have trichomoniasis than those with a UTI, and 65% of those with sterile pyuria had STI, mainly trichomoniasis or gonorrhea.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescent females with urinary symptoms should be tested for both UTI and STIs. Urinalysis results may be helpful to direct initial therapy.
authors: Division of Adolescent Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, USA. jill.huppert@cchmc.org
authors: Jill S
authors: JS
authors: Huppert
authors: Frank
authors: F
authors: Biro
authors: Dongmei
authors: D
authors: Lan
authors: Joel E
authors: JE
authors: Mortensen
authors: Jennifer
authors: J
authors: Reed
authors: Gail B
authors: GB
authors: Slap
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016497:Adolescent Health Services; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D011336:Probability; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014245:Trichomonas Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D016482:Urinalysis; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014556:Urine / Q000382:microbiology*