title: Protein C inhibitor directly and potently inhibits activated hepatocyte growth factor activator.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) plays an important role in tissue repair and regeneration. HGF activator (HGFA), a factor XIIa-like serine protease, activates HGF precursor to HGF. The precursor of HGFA, proHGFA, is activated by thrombin generated at sites of tissue injury. It is known that protein C inhibitor (PCI), an inhibitor of activated protein C (APC), also inhibits thrombin-thrombomodulin (TM) complex.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In the present study we evaluated the effect of PCI on thrombin-catalyzed proHGFA activation in the presence of TM, and on HGFA activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PCI did not inhibit thrombin-TM-mediated proHGFA activation, but it directly inhibited activated HGFA by forming an enzyme inhibitor complex. The second-order rate constants (m(-1) min(-1)) of the reaction between HGFA and PCI in the presence or absence of heparin (10 U mL(-1)) were 4.3 x 10(6) and 4.0 x 10(6), respectively. The inhibition of HGFA by PCI resulted in a significant decrease of HGFA-catalyzed activation of HGF precursor. Exogenous HGFA added to normal human plasma formed a complex with plasma PCI, and this complex formation was competitively inhibited by APC in the presence of heparin, but very weakly in the absence of heparin. We also demonstrated using recombinant R362A-PCI that Arg362 residue of PCI is important for HGFA inhibition by PCI as judged from the three-dimensional structures constructed using docking models of PCI and HGFA or APC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations indicate that PCI is a potent inhibitor of activated HGFA, suggesting a novel function for PCI in the regulation of tissue repair and regeneration.
authors: Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu-city, Mie, Japan.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Hayashi
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Nishioka
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Nakagawa
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Kamada
authors: E C
authors: EC
authors: Gabazza
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Kobayashi
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Hattori
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001483:Base Sequence; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008875:Middle Aged; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011486:Protein C / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D018046:Protein C Inhibitor / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D013917:Thrombin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D018180:Thrombomodulin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; C066855:HGF protein, human; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D011486:Protein C; D018046:Protein C Inhibitor; D011498:Protein Precursors; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D018180:Thrombomodulin; C086013:pro-hepatocyte growth factor; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; C081092:HGF activator; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D013917:Thrombin