Exposure to mixed asymptomatic infections with Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania chagasi in the human population of the greater Amazon.
Lack of conservation of the Amazon tropical rainforest has imposed severe threats to its human population living in newly settled villages, resulting in outbreaks of some infectious diseases. We conducted a seroepidemiological survey of 1100 inhabitants of 15 villages of Paço do Lumiar County, Brazil. Thirty-five (3%) individuals had been exposed to Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc), 41 (4%) to Leishmania braziliensis (Lb) and 50 (4.5%) to Leishmania chagasi (Lc) infections. Also, 35 cases had antibodies that were cross-reactive against the heterologous kinetoplastid antigens. Amongst these, the Western blot assays revealed that 11 (1%) had Tc and Lb, that seven (0.6%) had Lc and Tc, and that 17 (1.6%) had Lb and Lc infections. All of these cases of exposures to mixed infections with Leishmania sp, and eight of 11 cases of Tc and Lb were confirmed by specific PCR assays and Southern hybridizations. Two cases had triple infections. We consider these asymptomatic cases showing phenotype and genotype markers consistent with mixed infections by two or more kinetoplastid flagellates a high risk factor for association with Psychodidae and Triatominae vectors blood feeding and transmitting these protozoa infections. This is the first publication showing human exposure to mixed asymptomatic kinetoplastid infections in the Amazon.
Mendes
Daniella G
DG
Chagas Disease Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brazil.
Lauria-Pires
Liana
L
Nitz
Nadjar
N
Lozzi
Silene P
SP
Nascimento
Rubens J
RJ
Monteiro
Pedro S
PS
Rebelo
Manuel M
MM
Rosa
Ana de Cássia
Ade C
Santana
Jaime M
JM
Teixeira
Antonio R L
AR
D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000276:immunology; D000918:Antibody Specificity / Q000276:immunology; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000276:immunology; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D014355:Chagas Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D015897:Comorbidity; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000032:analysis; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007892:Leishmania braziliensis / Q000276:immunology; D018314:Leishmania infantum / Q000276:immunology; D007896:Leishmaniasis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D010641:Phenotype; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D012423:Rural Health; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D012698:Serologic Tests / Q000379:methods; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi / Q000276:immunology
D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D015800:Protozoan Proteins