title: Evaluation of a child guidance model for visits for mental disorders to an inner-city pediatric emergency department.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To address a rising trend of emergency department (ED) visits for mental disorders (VMD), our ED implemented a child guidance model for their efficient evaluation and disposition.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The main objective of our study was to evaluate the impact of the child guidance model on the ED length of stay (LOS) and ED costs on children with VMD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective chart analysis on 1031 VMD visits made to an inner-city tertiary care pediatric ED in 2002 (1.4% of the total 2002 ED visits). We collected demographic and LOS information on all VMD visits. The child guidance model was implemented June 2002, after which we divided the VMD cases into 2 groups based on the presence or absence of the model. We performed a cost analysis to assess the impact of the model on LOS and determined the opportunity costs of prolonged LOS of the VMD visits as compared with 500 non-VMD visits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average LOS of VMD visits was longer than that of the 500 non-VMD visits (236.04 minutes +/- 162.82 vs. 134.69 minutes +/- 95.19; mean difference, 101.34 minutes; P = 0.001). The LOS was significantly reduced after the model was implemented (259.49 minutes +/- 171.12 vs. 216.39 +/- 152.95 minutes, P = 0.00). The lost revenue due to extended VMD LOS was calculated as opportunity costs of $201,173.30, whereas the cost savings during the study period due to reduced LOS after the model was implemented was $10,651.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that children with VMD visits contribute a substantial resource burden in the ED, and focused interventions such as the child guidance model in the ED can significantly decrease LOS and reduce ED costs.
authors: Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. pmahajan@dmc.org
authors: Prashant
authors: P
authors: Mahajan
authors: Ronald
authors: R
authors: Thomas
authors: David R
authors: DR
authors: Rosenberg
authors: Jimmie P
authors: JP
authors: Leleszi
authors: Elizabeth
authors: E
authors: Leleszi
authors: Ambika
authors: A
authors: Mathur
authors: Elese L
authors: EL
authors: Hairston
authors: Stephen R
authors: SR
authors: Knazik
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005102:Health Expenditures; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States; D014505:Urban Population