title: Vascular risk factors and oxidative stress as independent predictors of asymptomatic atherosclerosis in adult patients with epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to evaluate the carotid artery intima-media thickness (CA-IMT) in adult patients with epilepsy and its contribution to oxidative stress and vascular risk biomarkers.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 225 adult epileptic and 60 control subjects. For all, CA-IMT, fasting lipid profile (TC, TG, HDL-c and LDL-c), total homocysteine (tHcy), von Willbrand factor (vWF), fibrinogen, oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL), malondialdehyde (MDA), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs), uric acid, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH.Px), were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to control group, the IMT of patients' common carotid artery, bifurcation area and internal carotid arteries was significantly thickened in 51.1%, 73.3% and 43.6% in various groups of patients (treated and untreated). In the studied patients, the levels of tHcy, vWF, fibrinogen, MDA, TBARs, Ox-LDL levels were increased while HDL-c and TAC were decreased. Patients on CBZ showed the most significant changes in the levels of tHcy, vWF and HDL-c while patients on VPA showed significant alteration in uric acid, TBARs and GSH.Px.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports that in patients with epilepsy, various vascular risk factors and CA-IMT, get worse which could be attributed to epilepsy itself and/or its antiepileptic medications.
authors: Department of Neurology, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt. hamed_sherifa@yahoo.com <hamed_sherifa@yahoo.com>
authors: Sherifa A
authors: SA
authors: Hamed
authors: Enas A
authors: EA
authors: Hamed
authors: Ragaa
authors: R
authors: Hamdy
authors: Toshitaka
authors: T
authors: Nabeshima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D006400:Hematocrit; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000975:Antioxidants; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D014527:Uric Acid; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002784:Cholesterol; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase