title: Bipedicle orbicularis oculi flap in the reconstruction of the lower eyelid ectropion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lower eyelid ectropion is conventionally reconstructed with a local flap or full-thickness skin graft. However, scar contracture and recurrence of ectropion often occur. This article describes an effective surgical technique for lower eyelid ectropion repair using a bipedicle orbicularis oculi muscle or myocutaneous flap from the upper eyelid.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study prospectively analyzed collected data on the bipedicle orbicularis oculi muscle or myocutaneous flap from the upper eyelid in reconstruction of lower eyelid ectropion between 1995 and 2004. The flap was used in 12 eyelid procedures for the correction of lower eyelid ectropion, in 10 cases with traumatic ectropion, and in 1 case with bilateral congenital ectropion. In these cases, a strip of orbicularis oculi muscle or a myocutaneous flap from the upper eyelid with two pedicles attached in the medial and lateral canthus was advanced to the lower eyelid to suspend the eyelid and repair the skin defect.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No problem of flap viability was encountered in any of the patients, and all healed well. Deformities were corrected, and evaluation showed satisfactory function and appearance during 0.5 to 6 years (average, 2 years) of follow-up evaluation. Eyelid malposition and bulkiness of the lower eyelid occurred in the early stages, but disappeared gradually about 3 months after the operation. There was no flap contraction, recurrent deformity, or significant donor site morbidity in the follow-up period. The incision scars were almost invisible.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The application of bipedicle orbicularis oculi muscle or a myocutaneous flap from the upper eyelid in reconstruction of lower eyelid ectropion is effective and reduces postoperative morbidity.
authors: The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Plastic Surgery, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors: Jing-Hong
authors: JH
authors: Xu
authors: Wei-Qiang
authors: WQ
authors: Tan
authors: Jian-Ming
authors: JM
authors: Yao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D004483:Ectropion / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000150:complications; D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery*; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000637:transplantation; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000637:transplantation; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome