title: Effects of notoginosides on proliferation and upregulation of GR nuclear transcription factor in hematopoietic cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of panax notoginosides (PNS) on the proliferation of human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, and to explore the signaling pathway of the nuclear transcription factor of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR-NTF) initiated by PNS related with the proliferation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The human CD34+ cells and bone marrow nuclear cells were exposed to PNS at a concentration of 0, 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/L, respectively, in semi-solid culture system to observe colony forming unite of all lineages, granulocyte, erythrocyte, and megakaryocyte (CFUGEMM, CFU-GM, CFU-E, and CFU-MK). Three lineages of human hematopoietic cell lines, including granulocytic HL-60, erythrocytic K562, megakaryocytic CHRF- 288, and Meg-01 cells were incubated with PNS at 20 mg/L for 14 d. Meanwhile, dexamethasone (Dex) was used as a positive control. The nuclear protein of the cells was analyzed by Western blotting with monoclonal antibodies against the amino or carboxyl terminus of GR-NTF. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay performed by using the 32P-radiolabeled GR-NTF consensus oligonucleotide.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PNS promoted the proliferation of CD34+ cells and significantly raised the colony numbers of CFU-GEMM by 34.7%+/-16.0% over the non-PNS control (P<0.01). PNS also enhanced the proliferation of CFU-GM, CFU-E, and CFU-MK by 39.3%+/- 5.7%, 33.3%+/-7.3%, and 26.2%+/-3.2%, respectively. GR-NTF protein levels of either the amino or carboxyl terminus in K562, CHRF-288, and Meg-01 treated by PNS increased by 2.4-2.8 fold and 1.3- 3.9 fold over the untreated cells. GR-NTF binding activity, initiated by either PNS or Dex, was apparently elevated to form the complex of GR-NTF with DNA as higher density bands in K562 and CHRF-288 cells, and some activity appeared as a band in HL-60 cells induced by PNS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PNS displayed the action of hematopoietic growth factor-like or synergistic efficacy to promote proliferation of human progenitor cells, may play a role in the upregulation of gene expression related to proliferation of hematopoietic cells through increasing the GR-NTF synthesis and its DNA binding activity.
authors: Hematology Institution, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China. zphtcmcn@mail.hz.zj.cn
authors: Rui-Lan
authors: RL
authors: Gao
authors: Xiao-Hong
authors: XH
authors: Chen
authors: Xiao-Jie
authors: XJ
authors: Lin
authors: Xu-Dai
authors: XD
authors: Qian
authors: Wei-Hong
authors: WH
authors: Xu
authors: Beng Hock
authors: BH
authors: Chong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000378:metabolism; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D053723:Panax notoginseng / Q000737:chemistry; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012503:Saponins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D012503:Saponins; D014157:Transcription Factors