title: MRI outcomes in a placebo-controlled trial of natalizumab in relapsing MS.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In a 2-year, placebo-controlled trial (the Natalizumab Safety and Efficacy in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis [AFFIRM] study), involving 942 patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS), natalizumab significantly reduced the relapse rate by 68% and progression of sustained disability by 42% vs placebo. We report the effect of natalizumab on MRI measures from the AFFIRM study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The number and volume of gadolinium (Gd)-enhancing, new or enlarging T2-hyperintense, and new T1-hypointense lesions and brain parenchymal fraction were measured from annual scans obtained at baseline, 1 year, and 2 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with placebo, natalizumab produced a 92% decrease in Gd-enhancing lesions (means 2.4 vs 0.2; p < 0.001), an 83% decrease in new or enlarging T2-hyperintense lesions (means 11.0 vs 1.9; p < 0.001), and a 76% decrease in new T1-hypointense lesions (means 4.6 vs 1.1; p < 0.001) over 2 years. Median T2-hyperintense lesion volume increased by 8.8% in the placebo group and decreased by 9.4% in the natalizumab group (p < 0.001); median T1-hypointense lesion volume decreased by 1.5% in the placebo group and decreased by 23.5% in the natalizumab group (p < 0.001). Brain atrophy was greater in year 1 and less in year 2 in natalizumab-treated patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Natalizumab has a sustained effect in preventing the formation of new lesions in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis.
authors: Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK. d.miller@ion.ucl.ac.uk
authors: D H
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mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D003287:Contrast Media; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005682:Gadolinium; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D000069442:Natalizumab; D009929:Organ Size; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D003287:Contrast Media; D000069442:Natalizumab; D005682:Gadolinium