title: Bladder dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To reevaluate urodynamic findings of bladder dysfunction (BD) in type 2 diabetic patients with patient characteristics and concommittant chronic complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (M/F:27/27) with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) underwent a detailed urodynamic investigation. Urodynamic findings were classified as diabetic cystopathy [DC, characterized by impaired bladder sensation, increased post-void residual urine (PVR) and increased bladder capacity and decreased bladder contractility], detrusor overactivity, bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), urge and stress urinary incontinence or BD in which one of the alterations was included. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, sensorimotor, and autonomic neuropathies were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BD was present in 74.07% of men (DC, 50%; BOO, 25%; detrusor overactivity, 25%) and in 59.26% of diabetic women (DC, 43.75%; detrusor overactivity, 31%; urge incontinence, 12.5%; stress urinary incontinence 12.5%). In men, age, duration of diabetes and HbA1C threshold values predicting BD were >64 years, >9 year, >7.9%, while in women, they were >56 years, >8 years, >7%, respectively. Prolongation of QTc, abnormal esophageal transit and gastric emptying times, diabetic retinopathy, and microalbuminuria were associated with an increased risk of PVR >or= 100 ml.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DC was the most frequent finding in patients. Ageing, duration of diabetes, worse metabolic control, PVR 100 ml, cardiac, esophageal and gastric parasympathetic autonomic neuropathies, retinopathy, and microalbuminuria provided a means to predict BD in patients in order to investigate by urodynamics. The establishment of DC in at least 8-9 years after the diagnosis of type 2 DM was an important parameter to inform our diabetic patients.
authors: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Eskişehir, Turkey. nkebapci@ogu.edu.tr
authors: Nur
authors: N
authors: Kebapci
authors: Aydin
authors: A
authors: Yenilmez
authors: Belgin
authors: B
authors: Efe
authors: Emre
authors: E
authors: Entok
authors: Canan
authors: C
authors: Demirustu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003927:Diet, Diabetic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents