Genetic tests for predicting the toxicity and efficacy of anticancer chemotherapy.
The standard anticancer therapy based "on one size fits all" modality has been determined to be ineffective or to be the cause of adverse drug reactions in many oncologic patients. Most pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic studies so far have been focused on toxicity of anticancer drugs such as 6-mercaptopurine, thioguanine, irinotecan, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Variation in genes are known to influence not only toxicity, but also efficacy of chemotherapeutics such as platinum analogues, 5-FU and irinotecan. The majority of current pharmacogenetic studies focus on single enzyme deficiencies as predictors of drug effects; however effects of most anticancer drugs are determined by the interplay of several gene products. These effects are polygenic in nature. This review briefly describes genetic variations that may impact efficacy and toxicity of drugs used in cancer chemotherapy.
Mladosievicova
B
B
Institute of Pathological Physiology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia. beata.mladosievicova@fmed.uniba.sk
Carter
A
A
Kristova
V
V
D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity*; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D006801:Humans; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents