title: Umbilical cord length in urinary tract abnormalities associated with oligohydramnios: evidence regarding developmental pathogenesis.
abstract: We performed a retrospective review of the length of the umbilical cords of stillborn fetuses with renal agenesis, cystic kidneys, and bladder outlet obstruction and compared the cord length with normative data. Among the 41 cases, 31 had umbilical cord lengths that were shorter than average. However, the remaining 10 cases had an average to increased cord length. Urinary output in those cases might have been sufficient in early pregnancy to allow adequate fetal activity and sufficient umbilical cord lengthening. We suggest that the length of the umbilical cord can have implications relative to the developmental pathogenesis of some congenital urinary tract abnormalities.
authors: Division of Dysmorphology and Teratology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92103, USA.
authors: Kosuke
authors: K
authors: Izumi
authors: Kenneth Lyons
authors: KL
authors: Jones
authors: Kenjiro
authors: K
authors: Kosaki
authors: Kurt
authors: K
authors: Benirschke
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus; D006801:Humans; D016104:Oligohydramnios / Q000209:etiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D050497:Stillbirth; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D014564:Urogenital Abnormalities / Q000150:complications*; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000151:congenital*