title: Increased toll-like receptor 9 expression in cervical neoplasia.
abstract: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and enable innate immune responses. Although TLR9 has been previously considered to be expressed only in immune cells, there is now increasing evidence that TLR9 expression is present in nonimmune cells as well. In this study, we undertook to determine whether TLR9 expression was associated with disease progression in cervical neoplasia. TLR9 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 55 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cervical tissues; nine normal cervical specimens, 10 low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CINs), 12 high-grade CINs, and 24 invasive squamous cell carcinomas (ISCCs). In addition, TLR9 expression was evaluated, at the RNA level, in fresh frozen cervical carcinoma tissues by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Immunohistochemical staining showed that TLR9 expression was undetectable (55.6%) or weak (44.4%) in normal cervical squamous epithelial tissues, however, variable staining was observed in the basal layer of all normal endocervical glands. TLR9 expression, which was mainly observed as cytoplasmic staining, gradually increased in accordance with the histopathological grade in the following order: low-grade CIN<high-grade CIN<ISCC (P<0.001), and in particular, was moderate to strong in 70% of ISCC cases. Furthermore, real-time quantitative RT-PCR revealed that TLR9 expression, in tumors, was significantly enhanced compared to normal cervical tissues (P=0.012). These results suggest that TLR9 may play a significant role in tumor progression of cervical neoplasia and may represent a useful marker for malignant transformation of cervical squamous cells.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Jeong-Won
authors: JW
authors: Lee
authors: Jung-Joo
authors: JJ
authors: Choi
authors: Eun Sung
authors: ES
authors: Seo
authors: Mi Jin
authors: MJ
authors: Kim
authors: Woo Young
authors: WY
authors: Kim
authors: Chel Hun
authors: CH
authors: Choi
authors: Tae-Joong
authors: TJ
authors: Kim
authors: Byoung-Gie
authors: BG
authors: Kim
authors: Sang Yong
authors: SY
authors: Song
authors: Duk-Soo
authors: DS
authors: Bae
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia
chemical_list: C495371:TLR9 protein, human; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9