title: Low-grade inflammation and hypoadiponectinaemia have an additive detrimental effect on aortic stiffness in essential hypertensive patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we investigated the combined effect of increased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-C-reactive protein) and hypoadiponectinaemia on aortic stiffness in essential hypertensive subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 267 untreated patients with stage I-II essential hypertension underwent ambulatory BP and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (c-f PWV) evaluation. The distributions of hs-C-reactive protein and adiponectin were split by the median (1.3 mg/L and 7.8 microg/mL, respectively) and accordingly subjects were stratified into those with high and low values. Patients with high (n = 134) compared with those with low hs-C-reactive protein (n = 133) values exhibited greater c-f PWV levels (by 0.8 m/s, P < 0.0001), whereas patients with low (n = 133) compared with those with high (n = 134) adiponectin levels had higher c-f PWV (by 0.9 m/s, P < 0.0001). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that age, 24 h systolic BP, hs-C-reactive protein and adiponectin were independent predictors of arterial stiffness. In patients with low hs-C-reactive protein, hypoadiponectinaemia (n = 46) compared with high adiponectin (n = 87) was accompanied by increased c-f PWV (by 0.8 m/s, P < 0.0001). Similarly in patients with high hs-C-reactive protein, hypoadiponectinaemia (n = 84) compared with high adiponectin (n = 50) was related to heightened c-f PWV (by 0.7 m/s, P = 0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In essential hypertension, pronounced low-grade inflammation in conjunction with hypoadiponectinaemia exerts an additive detrimental effect on aortic stiffness, accelerating the vascular ageing process.
authors: Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece. ktsioufis@hippocratio.gr
authors: Costas
authors: C
authors: Tsioufis
authors: Kyriakos
authors: K
authors: Dimitriadis
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Selima
authors: Costas
authors: C
authors: Thomopoulos
authors: Costas
authors: C
authors: Mihas
authors: Ioannis
authors: I
authors: Skiadas
authors: Dimitrios
authors: D
authors: Tousoulis
authors: Christodoulos
authors: C
authors: Stefanadis
authors: Ioannis
authors: I
authors: Kallikazaros
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D001025:Aortitis / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D003187:Compliance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein