title: Air bubble migration is a random event post embryo transfer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Air bubble location following embryo transfer (ET) is the presumable placement spot of embryos. The purpose of this study was to document endometrial air bubble position and migration following embryo transfer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicenter prospective case study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-eight embryo transfers were performed under abdominal ultrasound guidance in two countries by two authors. A single or double air bubble was loaded with the embryos using a soft, coaxial, end opened catheters. The embryos were slowly injected 10-20 mm from the fundus. Air bubble position was recorded immediately, 30 minutes later and when the patient stood up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bubble marker location analysis revealed a random distribution without visible gravity effect when the patients stood up. The bubble markers demonstrated splitting, moving in all directions and dispersion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Air bubbles move and split frequently post ET with the patient in the horizontal position, suggestive of active uterine contractions. Bubble migration analysis supports a rather random movement of the bubbles and possibly the embryos. Standing up changed somewhat bubble configuration and distribution in the uterine cavity. Gravity related bubble motion was uncommon, suggesting that horizontal rest post ET may not be necessary. This report challenges the common belief that a very accurate ultrasound guided embryo placement is mandatory. The very random bubble movement observed in this two-center study suggests that a large "window" of embryo placement maybe present.
authors: Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. e-confino@northwestern.edu
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Confino
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Risquez
mesh_terms: D000388:Air; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D009068:Movement; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014590:Uterine Contraction / Q000502:physiology