title: Expression of IL-19 correlates with Th2 cytokines in uraemic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with end-stage renal disease are thought to be in a chronic state of inflammation. They also have an impaired immune response with a dysregulated Th1/Th2 cytokine network. Interleukin (IL)-19, which belongs to the IL-10 family, is a newly discovered proinflammatory cytokine. IL-19 alters the balance of Th1/Th2 cells in favour of Th2. The aims of the present study were to assess the changes in serum levels of IL-19 and their correlation with Th2 cytokine production in uraemic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-three uraemic patients with haemodialysis were evaluated; 33 healthy volunteers served as controls. Serum levels of IL-19, -4, -5, -6, -10, -13 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were analysed using ELISA. Monocytes and T cells isolated from the patients and healthy volunteers were cultured in vitro, and cytokine production was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-19 expression in the patients; but not in healthy controls, correlated positively with both the proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) and the Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-13). Cultured monocytes from patients with high IL-19 serum levels produced more IL-19 in vitro. Additionally, uraemic serum or oxidized low-density lipoproteins up-regulated the IL-19 transcripts expression in resting monocytes. Compared with T cells from healthy controls, uraemic T cells expressed more endogenous Th2 cytokine transcripts and further responded to IL-19 stimulation in Th2 cytokine production in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-19 expression in uraemic patients correlated with Th2 immune responses which might be involved in the cytokine dysregulation in uraemia.
authors: Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors: Chung-Hsi
authors: CH
authors: Hsing
authors: Chuan-Chih
authors: CC
authors: Hsu
authors: Wei-Yu
authors: WY
authors: Chen
authors: Lih-Yun
authors: LY
authors: Chang
authors: Jyh-Chang
authors: JC
authors: Hwang
authors: Ming-Shi
authors: MS
authors: Chang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007378:Interleukins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D014511:Uremia / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C421250:IL19 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007378:Interleukins; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha