title: Real-time detection of dental calculus by blue-LED-induced fluorescence spectroscopy.
abstract: Successful periodontal therapy requires sensitive techniques to discriminate dental calculus from healthy teeth. The aim of the present study was to develop a fluorescence-based procedure to enable real-time detection and quantification of dental calculus. Thirty human teeth--15 teeth with sub- and supragingival calculus and 15 healthy teeth--covered with a layer of physiological saline solution or blood were illuminated by a focused blue LED light source of 405 nm. Autofluorescence spectra recorded along a randomly selected line stretching over the crown-neck-root area of each tooth were utilized to evaluate a so called calculus parameter R, which was selected to define a relationship between the integrated intensities specific for healthy teeth and for calculus in the 477-497 nm (S(A)) and 628-685 nm (S(B)) wavelength regions, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed and a cut-off threshold of R=0.2 was found to distinguish dental calculus from healthy teeth with 100% sensitivity and specificity under various experimental conditions. The results of the spectral evaluation were confirmed by clinical and histological findings. Automated real-time detection and diagnostics for clinical use were implemented by a corresponding software program written in Visual Basic language. The method enables cost-effective and reliable calculus detection, and can be further developed for imaging applications.
authors: Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Science and Technology Park, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
authors: Y L
authors: YL
authors: Qin
authors: X L
authors: XL
authors: Luan
authors: L J
authors: LJ
authors: Bi
authors: Z
authors: Z
authors: Lü
authors: Y Q
authors: YQ
authors: Sheng
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Somesfalean
authors: C N
authors: CN
authors: Zhou
authors: Z G
authors: ZG
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D003728:Dental Calculus / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012984:Software; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D014070:Tooth