title: Shape-gradient composite surfaces: water droplets move uphill.
abstract: The approach of water droplets self-running horizontally and uphill without any other forces was proposed by patterning the shape-gradient hydrophilic material (i.e., mica) to the hydrophobic matrix (i.e., wax or low-density polyethylene (LDPE)). The shape-gradient composite surface is the best one to drive water droplet self-running both at the high velocity and the maximal distance among four different geometrical mica/wax composite surfaces. The driving force for the water droplets self-running includes: (1) the great difference in wettability of surface materials, (2) the low contact angle hysteresis of surface materials, and (3) the space limitation of the shape-gradient transportation area. Furthermore, the average velocity and the maximal distance of the self-running were mainly determined by the gradient angle (alpha), the droplet volume, and the difference of the contact angle hysteresis. Theoretical analysis is in agreement with the experimental results.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
authors: Jilin
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: Yanchun
authors: Y
authors: Han