title: Loss of heterozygosity and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression in bronchial mucosa of heavy smokers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lung carcinogenesis is a multistep process of accumulation of genetic changes, including loss of heterozygosity (LOH), and precedes phenotypic transformation of the bronchial mucosa. The activity of telomerase, correlating with the hTERT mRNA expression, is detectable in a majority of neoplasms. In this study, the frequency of LOH and hTERT expression in bronchial mucosa of heavy smokers in bronchoscopic biopsies was analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  LOH was examined in 122 bronchial specimens from 81 smokers (67 normal mucosa/bronchitis, 12 squamous metaplasia, 28 dysplasia, 15 bronchogenic carcinoma specimens) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and capillary electrophoresis by using 7 fluorescence-labeled markers matching 5 chromosomal regions. hTERT expression was analyzed in 87 specimens (45 normal mucosa/bronchitis, 12 squamous metaplasia, 18 dysplasia, 12 bronchogenic carcinoma specimens) by real-time quantitative reverse-transcription PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LOH was detected in at least 1 chromosomal region in 51 of 122 (41.8%) specimens; the incidence in normal bronchial mucosa and preneoplastic lesions was similar (20%-40%); a substantial rise (87%) occurred in carcinomas. The median normalized hTERT(N) values were 6.67 in normal epithelium/chronic bronchitis, 18.38 in squamous metaplasia, 13.31 in epithelial dysplasia, and 75.46 in carcinomas. These results were significantly different (P=.0036). With an increasing number of LOH, the median value of hTERT(N) expression rose, but hTERT was expressed also in tissue samples without any LOH detection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results indicated that hTERT expression, together with LOH, represent early events in lung carcinogenesis, as both were detected in precancerous lesions and in normal epithelium of heavy smokers.
authors: Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. linda.capkova@lfmotol.cuni.cz
authors: Linda
authors: L
authors: Capkova
authors: Marketa
authors: M
authors: Kalinova
authors: Lenka
authors: L
authors: Krskova
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Kodetova
authors: Frantisek
authors: F
authors: Petrik
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Trefny
authors: Jaromir
authors: J
authors: Musil
authors: Roman
authors: R
authors: Kodet
mesh_terms: D001980:Bronchi / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002283:Carcinoma, Bronchogenic / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008679:Metaplasia; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012907:Smoking / Q000235:genetics*; D019098:Telomerase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; C509186:TERT protein, human; D019098:Telomerase