title: Effects of 17alpha-ethynylestradiol on EROD activity, spiggin and vitellogenin in three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus).
abstract: The three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) has quantifiable biomarkers of exposure to estrogens (vitellogenin), androgens (spiggin) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists (EROD activity) and is therefore a promising test species for biomonitoring of reprotoxic chemicals in aquatic environments. In this study we evaluated the effects of 17alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE(2)) on EROD activity, induction of vitellogenin and spiggin, hepatosomatic index (HSI), ovarian somatic index (OSI) and nephrosomatic index (NSI). Adult male and female three-spined sticklebacks were exposed to concentrations of 0-170 ng EE(2)/l (measured concentrations) in a flow-through system for 21 days. Exposure to 170 ng EE(2)/l resulted in a significant 8- and 9-fold induction of gill EROD activity in males and females, respectively. In livers, EROD activity expressed in relation to microsomal protein content was suppressed due to a significant increase in microsomal protein content. Hepatic EROD activity per se expressed as picomol/min was not affected by exposure to EE(2). The lowest observed effect concentration for induction of vitellogenin in males was 53.7 ng EE(2)/l. In females, vitellogenin levels were significantly higher in those exposed to 170 ng EE(2)/l compared to controls. Spiggin production was significantly inhibited and NSI lower in males exposed to 170 ng EE(2)/l. In both females and males LSI was significantly higher in fish exposed to 170 ng EE(2)/l than in controls. In females exposed to 170 ng EE(2)/l, OSI was significantly lower and NSI higher than controls. The observed results from this study show that a synthetic estrogen can affect the well-known biomarker of exposure for dioxin-like compounds, EROD activity, and further that this response can differ between tissues. These findings are important for interpretation of biomonitoring data.
authors: Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. carin.andersson@ebc.uu.se
authors: Carin
authors: C
authors: Andersson
authors: Ioanna
authors: I
authors: Katsiadaki
authors: Katrin
authors: K
authors: Lundstedt-Enkel
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Orberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D023701:Smegmamorpha / Q000502:physiology*; D014819:Vitellogenins / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D014819:Vitellogenins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C429543:spiggin; D014867:Water; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1