Bacterial response regulators: versatile regulatory strategies from common domains.
Response regulators (RRs) comprise a major family of signaling proteins in prokaryotes. A modular architecture that consists of a conserved receiver domain and a variable effector domain enables RRs to function as phosphorylation-regulated switches that couple a wide variety of cellular behaviors to environmental cues. Recently, advances have been made in understanding RR functions both at genome-wide and molecular levels. Global techniques have been developed to analyze RR input and output, expanding the scope of characterization of these versatile components. Meanwhile, structural studies have revealed that, despite common structures and mechanisms of function within individual domains, a range of interactions between receiver and effector domains confer great diversity in regulatory strategies, optimizing individual RRs for the specific regulatory needs of different signaling systems.
Gao
Rong
R
Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
Mack
Timothy R
TR
Stock
Ann M
AM
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D001426:Bacterial Proteins