title: Chronic gonadotropin-releasing hormone inhibits activin induction of the ovine follicle-stimulating hormone beta-subunit: involvement of 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein and nitric oxide synthase type I.
abstract: FSH is induced by activin, and this expression is modulated by GnRH through FSHB expression. This report focuses on the inhibitory effect of GnRH on activin-induced FSHB expression. Activin-treated primary murine pituitary cultures robustly express mutant ovine FSHBLuc-DeltaAP1, a luciferase transgene driven by 4.7 kb of ovine FSHB promoter. This promoter lacks two GnRH-inducible activator protein-1 sites, making it easier to observe GnRH-mediated inhibition. Luciferase expression from this transgene was decreased 94% by 100 nM GnRH with a half-time of approximately 4 h in pituitary cultures, and this inhibition was independent of follistatin. Activators of cAMP and protein kinase C like forskolin and phorbol 12-myristate 3-acetate (PMA), respectively, mimicked GnRH action. Kinetic studies of wild-type ovine FSHBLuc in LbetaT2 cells showed continuous induction by activin (4-fold) over 20 h. Most of this induction (78%) was blocked, beginning at 6 h. cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) was implicated in this inhibition because overexpression of its constitutively active mutant mimicked GnRH, and its inhibitor (inducible cAMP early repressor isoform II) reversed the inhibition caused by GnRH, forskolin, or PMA. In addition, GnRH, forskolin, or PMA increased the expression of a CREB-responsive reporter gene, 6xCRE-37PRL-Luc. Inhibition of nitric oxide type I (NOSI) by 7-nitroindazole also reversed GnRH-mediated inhibition by 60%. It is known that GnRH and CREB induce production of NOSI in gonadotropes and neuronal cells, respectively. These data support the concept that chronic GnRH inhibits activin-induced ovine FSHB expression by sequential activation of CREB and NOSI through the cAMP and/or protein kinase C pathways.
authors: Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, Box 7622, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7622, USA.
authors: Farideh
authors: F
authors: Shafiee-Kermani
authors: Sang-oh
authors: SO
authors: Han
authors: William L
authors: WL
authors: Miller
mesh_terms: D028341:Activins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D037201:Follicle Stimulating Hormone, beta Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D038681:Follistatin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D037201:Follicle Stimulating Hormone, beta Subunit; D038681:Follistatin; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D028341:Activins; D005576:Colforsin; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D008156:Luciferases; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate