title: Lower urinary tract symptoms and uroflowmetry in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without bladder dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the presence of lower urinary tract symptoms and parameters of uroflowmetry in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without bladder dysfunction versus healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  After eliminating the possible confounders that might cause bladder dysfunction, 182 female patients at a diabetic clinic were evaluated by the American Urological Association Symptom Index (AUA-SI) questionnaire and uroflowmetry with postvoid residual (PVR) urine volume estimate. Their data were compared with the data from 197 healthy women, frequency-matched by age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using a cutoff value of bladder voiding efficiency of less than 75% with a PVR greater than 50 mL but less than 100 mL, a PVR greater than 100 mL, or a total volume greater than 500 mL, 47 patients (25.8%) were stratified as having bladder dysfunction. These patients had a significantly greater mean AUA-SI score (mean +/- standard error of the mean 9.6 +/- 0.8, P <0.001), as well as a lower maximum uroflow value (15.2 +/- 1.2 mL/s, P <0.001) compared with the control groups. The odds ratio of each lower urinary tract symptom was significantly greater in this group, except for straining (P = 0.12). A high proportion with an intermittent uroflow pattern (odds ratio 4.42, P <0.001) was also noted. Compared with the healthy controls, the diabetic women had no bladder dysfunction and seemed unaffected by the lower urinary tract symptoms as defined by the AUA-SI scoring system, with the exception of nocturia (odds ratio 2.62, P = 0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with diabetes may have an increased risk of nocturia even without bladder dysfunction. A high AUA-SI score and lower maximum uroflow are likely to be good markers for diabetic bladder dysfunction.
authors: Department of Urology, Hoping Branch of Taipei City Hospital, Tapei, Taiwan. dinor666@ms32.hinet.net
authors: Wei-Chia
authors: WC
authors: Lee
authors: Chia-Ching
authors: CC
authors: Wu
authors: Huey-Peir
authors: HP
authors: Wu
authors: Tong-Yuan
authors: TY
authors: Tai
mesh_terms: D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D014522:Urethral Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014563:Urodynamics