title: Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are involved in sorbitol-induced apoptosis of human erithroleukaemia cells K562.
abstract: In this study, we found that production of both reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species is a very early event related to treatment with hyperosmotic concentration of sorbitol. The production of nitric oxide (NO) was paralleled by the increase of the mRNA and protein level of the inducible form of the nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). ROS and RNS enhancement, process concomitant to the failure of mitochondrial trans-membrane potential (DeltaPsi), was necessary for the induction of apoptosis as demonstrated by the protection against sorbitol-mediated toxicity observed after treatment with ROS scavengers or NOS inhibitors. The synergistic action of ROS and RNS was finally demonstrated by pre-treatment with rosmarinic acid that, by powerfully buffering both these species, prevents impairment of DeltaPsi and cell death. Overall results suggest that the occurrence of apoptosis upon sorbitol treatment is an event mediated by oxidative/nitrosative stress rather than a canonical hyperosmotic shock.
authors: Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome 00133, Italy.
authors: Katia
authors: K
authors: Aquilano
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Filomeni
authors: Livia
authors: L
authors: Di Renzo
authors: Maura di
authors: Md
authors: Vito
authors: Carla di
authors: Cd
authors: Stefano
authors: Paola Sinibaldi
authors: PS
authors: Salimei
authors: Maria R
authors: MR
authors: Ciriolo
authors: Gabriella
authors: G
authors: Marfè
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000494:pharmacology; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D053630:Depsides / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D020014:K562 Cells; D007938:Leukemia / Q000473:pathology*; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013012:Sorbitol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002934:Cinnamates; D053630:Depsides; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013012:Sorbitol; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid