title: Association of serum lipid levels with HIV serostatus, specific antiretroviral agents, and treatment regimens.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effects of HIV infection, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and specific antiretroviral agents on lipoproteins in women are not well described.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional substudy of the Women's Interagency HIV Study with 623 HIV-negative and 1556 HIV-positive women (636 untreated, 419 on non-protease inhibitor [PI] HAART, and 501 on PI-containing HAART), we performed multivariate analyses of associations among fasting lipoprotein levels, HIV infection, and HAART.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Untreated HIV-positive women had lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and higher triglycerides (TGs) but not lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) than HIV-negative women and were the most likely to have unfavorable HDL-C by National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) guidelines. PI HAART users had higher LDL-C than untreated HIV-infected women (107 vs. 100 mg/dL, P = 0.0006) and were the most likely to have unfavorable LDL-C and TGs by NCEP guidelines. HIV-negative women and non-PI HAART users had similar HDL-C levels (55 and 53 mg/dL, respectively), which were higher than those in untreated HIV-infected women and PI HAART users (42 and 49 mg/dL, respectively; P < 0.001 for all). Lamivudine, didanosine, nevirapine, and efavirenz were independently associated with higher HDL-C (P < 0.001 for all). Ritonavir, indinavir/ritonavir, and nelfinavir were associated with higher LDL-C (P < 0.01 for all). Stavudine, abacavir, and all ritonavir-containing regimens were associated with higher TGs (P < 0.05 for all), and tenofovir was associated with lower TGs (P = 0.009).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A dyslipidemic pattern was associated with HIV infection itself, was more severe in users of PI-containing HAART, but was not present in women taking non-PI HAART.
authors: Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA. kanastos@montefiore.org
authors: Kathryn
authors: K
authors: Anastos
authors: Dalian
authors: D
authors: Lu
authors: Qiuhu
authors: Q
authors: Shi
authors: Phyllis C
authors: PC
authors: Tien
authors: Robert C
authors: RC
authors: Kaplan
authors: Nancy A
authors: NA
authors: Hessol
authors: Steven
authors: S
authors: Cole
authors: Cheryl
authors: C
authors: Vigen
authors: Mardge
authors: M
authors: Cohen
authors: Mary
authors: M
authors: Young
authors: Jessica
authors: J
authors: Justman
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000480:Alkynes; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects; D048588:Benzoxazines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D016049:Didanosine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000188:drug therapy; D015497:HIV-1; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D019469:Indinavir / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D019888:Nelfinavir / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019829:Nevirapine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019438:Ritonavir / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018119:Stavudine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068698:Tenofovir; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001741:Black or African American; D000099227:Abacavir
chemical_list: D000225:Adenine; D000480:Alkynes; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D048588:Benzoxazines; D002784:Cholesterol; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D016049:Didanosine; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D019469:Indinavir; D019259:Lamivudine; D008055:Lipids; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D019888:Nelfinavir; D019829:Nevirapine; D063065:Organophosphonates; D019438:Ritonavir; D018119:Stavudine; D000068698:Tenofovir; D014280:Triglycerides; D000099227:Abacavir; C098320:efavirenz