title: Isoflurane-delayed preconditioning reduces immediate mortality and improves striatal function in adult mice after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exposure to hypoxia and isoflurane (Iso) before hypoxia-ischemia has been found to be neuroprotective in neonatal rats. We investigated the long-term effects of delayed preconditioning with Iso, hypoxia, or room air on motor and cognitive function in mice that had 65 min of hypoxia-ischemia on postnatal day 10.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine-day-old C57x129T2 F1 mice received either 1.8% Iso, hypoxic (10% O2 in N2), or sham (room air) preconditioning. The following day, the mice were subjected to permanent right common carotid ligation or sham ligation followed by 65 min of hypoxia, or room air. At 70 days of age, learning was tested using a series of Morris water maze tests. Striatal function was assessed by response to apomorphine injection. Histological analysis was performed on adult brain (P120) sections of striatum and dorsal hippocampus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Iso preconditioning 24 h before severe neonatal hypoxia-ischemia reduced preweaning mortality from 20% to 0% (P < 0.04) and improved striatal function in adult mice, as assessed by circling after apomorphine injection (P < 0.028), but no improvements in performance were noted in the spatial-reference memory water maze tests. Hypoxic preconditioning improved learning relative to the sham-preconditioned group on the hidden maze, but not the more difficult reduced maze test of spatial memory. It had no significant effect on preweaning mortality and apomorphine response. Histologic analysis showed the hippocampus of non-preconditioned and Iso-preconditioned animals to be equally injured.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Iso and hypoxia confer selective functional neuroprotection in a delayed preconditioning paradigm in neonatal mice.
authors: Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA. john.mcauliffe@cchmc.org
authors: John J
authors: JJ
authors: McAuliffe
authors: Bernadin
authors: B
authors: Joseph
authors: Charles V
authors: CV
authors: Vorhees
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007530:Isoflurane