title: An examination of the planar nature of golf club motion in the swings of experienced players.
abstract: The golf swing has been modelled as a planar movement, but recent findings suggest that the upper limbs and golf club do not move in a single plane. However, the idea that the club alone can be swung in a single inclined plane has not been investigated mathematically. The aims of this study were to determine whether a single plane could be fitted to club motion, and if this plane varied for different clubs. Ten golfers (handicap 1-5) performed repeated, consistent swings with three clubs (driver, 5-iron, and pitching wedge). The motion of each club during the downswing was fitted to a single plane. The fit of the plane varied between golfers and clubs (r(2) = 0.871-0.995, root mean square residual = 44.9-166.2 mm). Mean angles of the plane to the reference horizontal Z axis (driver: 125.5 degrees , s = 3.0; 5-iron: 117.1 degrees , s = 3.0; wedge: 113.6 degrees , s = 2.7) and target line axis (driver: -7.8 degrees , s = 5.9; 5-iron: -4.9 degrees , s = 5.7; wedge: -5.9 degrees , s = 6.0) were significantly (P < 0.05) different. Further analysis revealed a single plane was more appropriate for some participants than others, but that it might be neither desirable nor possible in some cases.
authors: Physical Education, Sport and Leisure Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. simon.coleman@ed.ac.uk
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Coleman
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006804:Ergonomics; D006055:Golf; D006801:Humans; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D019876:Sports Equipment; D006113:United Kingdom