Current insights in intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome.
A compartment syndrome exists when increased pressure in a closed anatomic space threatens the viability of the tissue within the compartment. When this occurs in the abdominal cavity it threatens not only the function of the intra-abdominal organs, but it can have a devastating effect on distant organs as well. Recent animal and human data suggest that the adverse effects of elevated intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) can occur at lower levels than previously thought and even before the development of clinically overt abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS). The ACS is not a disease but truly a syndrome, a spectrum of symptoms and signs that can and mostly does have multiple causes. It is only recently that this condition received a heightened awareness. This article reflects the current state of knowledge on intra-abdominal pressure regarding etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, IAP measurement, organ dysfunction, prevention and treatment.
de Laet
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Intensive Care Unit, ZiekenhuisNetwerk Antwerpen Campus Stuivenberg, Belgium.
Malbrain
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D034841:Abdominal Cavity; D034861:Abdominal Wall / Q000503:physiopathology; D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D001201:Ascites / Q000150:complications; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000209:etiology; D019559:Capillary Leak Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D003161:Compartment Syndromes / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D003187:Compliance; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000150:complications; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal; D007813:Laparotomy; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000150:complications; D008365:Manometry; D015282:Octreotide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010532:Peritoneal Diseases / Q000150:complications; D011312:Pressure; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D014781:Viscera / Q000473:pathology
D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D015282:Octreotide