Characteristics and quality of adverse drug reaction reports by pharmacists in Norway.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the characteristics and quality of adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports submitted by pharmacists, and thereby assess the possible contribution of pharmacists to the spontaneous reporting system for ADRs in Norway.


METHODS
An open, prospective study was conducted where dispensing pharmacists from 39 pharmacies were encouraged to report ADRs over a 3-month period. The submitted ADR reports were compared to reports by physicians from the same time period. All reports were evaluated for selected characteristics, that is distribution of Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification codes of suspected drugs, distribution of ADRs according to system-organ classes and the quality of the reports.


RESULTS
A total of 118 reports covering 274 ADRs received from the pharmacists were compared to 109 ADR reports with 304 ADRs submitted by physicians. Pharmacists more often reported ADRs related to cardiovascular drugs, alimentary tract and metabolism drugs and respiratory drugs, whereas physicians more frequently reported ADRs related to musculoskeletal drugs and antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents. ADRs reported by pharmacists more frequently described gastrointestinal reactions while physicians reported more ADRs in relation to the cardiovascular and blood system. Whereas 68% of the physicians' reports were classified as serious, only 5% of the pharmacists' reports were serious. More than 50% of the reports submitted by pharmacists concerned ADRs following a generic substitution, in contrast to only 2% of the physicians' reports. The pharmacists' reports were found to be of a lower documentation grade. However, there was no substantial difference in a subjective assessment of the quality of information in the reports submitted by the two categories of health professionals.


CONCLUSIONS
Pharmacists submit valuable ADR reports which provide information complimentary to physicians' reports. This emphasises that pharmacist ADR reporting might constitute an important addition to the spontaneous reporting system.
Gedde-Dahl
Ane
A
Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo University College, Oslo, Norway. ane.gedde-dahl@hf.hio.no
Harg
Pernille
P
Stenberg-Nilsen
Hanne
H
Buajordet
Marit
M
Granas
Anne Gerd
AG
Horn
Anne Marie
AM
D016907:Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems / Q000145:classification / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D006801:Humans; D009664:Norway; D010595:Pharmacists; D024382:Professional Role; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results