title: Effects of subretinal injection of patent blue and trypan blue in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the histologic and clinical effects of subretinal injection of patent blue (PB) and trypan blue (TB) in rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dutch-belted rabbits (n=8) were vitrectomized followed by subretinal injection of 2.4 mg/ml PB (285 mOsm) and 1.5 mg/ml TB (312 mOsm); balanced salt solution (BSS) (300 mOsm) served as the control. Animals were examined 6, 12, and 24 hr and 14 days after the procedure by fluorescein angiography (FA) and indirect ophthalmoscopy; for retinal toxicity, histologic evaluation studies were performed by light and transmission electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FA examination demonstrated window defects suggestive of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy in positions of subretinal TB injection, but this was not observed after subretinal injection of PB or BSS. Histologic evaluation disclosed only minimal abnormalities on the photoreceptor outer segment (POS) after subretinal injection of BSS during all follow-up. Subretinal injection of PB caused POS and photoreceptor inner segment (PIS) abnormalities 12 and 24 hr after surgery as well as outer nuclear layer (ONL) damage 14 days after surgery. Subretinal TB injection resulted in POS and PIS damage at 12 hr follow-up. The ONL damage was observed 24 hr after surgery; additionally, POS, PIS, ONL, and RPE abnormalities were observed 14 days after surgery after TB injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subretinal injection of TB induced more significant clinical and histologic damage of neurosensory retina/RPE than did PB or BSS. Future human studies are necessary to access the clinical relevance of these in vivo experiments.
authors: Ophthalmology Department, Paulista School of Medicine, Vision Institute, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Mauricio
authors: M
authors: Maia
authors: Fernando
authors: F
authors: Penha
authors: Eduardo B
authors: EB
authors: Rodrigues
authors: André
authors: A
authors: Príncipe
authors: Eduardo
authors: E
authors: Dib
authors: Carsten H
authors: CH
authors: Meyer
authors: Edna
authors: E
authors: Freymuller
authors: Nilva
authors: N
authors: Moraes
authors: Michel Eid
authors: ME
authors: Farah
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D007267:Injections; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D020419:Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D011817:Rabbits; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014343:Trypan Blue / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D014821:Vitrectomy / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; C008769:sulfan blue; D014343:Trypan Blue