title: Variability of the subthalamic nucleus: the case for direct MRI guided targeting.
abstract: Because of concerns about direct visualization of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), many functional neurosurgeons continue to rely on atlas-based coordinates to reach this target. T2-weighted MRI does allow direct visualisation of the STN. In order to compare the coordinates of the target point within the visualised STN with those obtained from standard brain atlases, the preoperative stereotactic T2-weighted MRI used to implant 55 deep brain stimulation electrodes in the visualised STN of 29 consecutive patients with Parkinson's disease treated in two European centres were studied. The coordinates of the directly visualised STN were significantly different from those of the atlas target. Variability of the position of the STN may render direct visualisation a more accurate means of targeting this nucleus.
authors: Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Institute of Neurology, London, UK kashkan@btinternet.com
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Ashkan
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Blomstedt
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Zrinzo
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Tisch
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Yousry
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Limousin-Dowsey
authors: M I
authors: MI
authors: Hariz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology / Q000592:standards; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008488:Medical Illustration; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*