The E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch in T cell activation, differentiation, and tolerance.
Tagging a small molecule ubiquitin to a protein substrate, or protein ubiquitination, plays an important role in the immune responses. This process is catalyzed by a cascade of enzymatic reactions, with the E3 ubiquitin ligases being the critical enzymes that determine the specificity of substrate recognition. The E3 ligase Itch was identified from a mutant mouse which displays skin scratching and abnormal immune disorders. In the past few years, much progress has been made in our understanding of Itch-promoted protein ubiquitination, modulation of its ligase activity by upstream kinases, and the kinase-ligase interaction in T cell differentiation and tolerance induction.
Liu
Yun-Cai
YC
Division of Cell Biololgy, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. yuncail@liai.org
D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D043743:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes / Q000276:immunology; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000276:immunology*
D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D043743:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases