title: Insulin resistance after cardiopulmonary bypass in the elderly patient.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Preoperative carbohydrate administration attenuates insulin resistance. We studied effects of preoperative oral carbohydrate loading in elderly patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen patients were assigned either to get a carbohydrate drink or to be controls. Perioperatively, glucose was administered. A gastric emptying test was performed. Glucose and insulin concentrations were measured. Levels of glucose, insulin and stress hormones were studied pre-, per- and postoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative carbohydrate loading did not affect stress hormones. Gastric residual after the carbohydrate drink was 11+/-3% (mean+/-SEM). Glucose concentration was lower before anaesthesia induction in the carbohydrate group, possibly due to increased insulin release. Insulin levels differed at baseline, induction and day six. All patients returned to baseline on day six.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study group was insulin resistant on postoperative day one and two. The effects were explainable by the traumatic stress response. No adverse effect was noted from the carbohydrate drink. If glucose is administered intravenously during surgery, there is no obvious advantage of preoperative carbohydrate loading on insulin resistance or stress hormone response.
authors: Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden. doris.kesek@anestesi.umu.se
authors: Doris
authors: D
authors: Rapp-Kesek
authors: Mats
authors: M
authors: Stridsberg
authors: Lars-Göran
authors: LG
authors: Andersson
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Berne
authors: Torbjörn
authors: T
authors: Karlsson
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D018890:Chemoprevention; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates