title: Innovative single-armed suture technique for microsurgical vasoepididymostomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vasoepididymostomy outcomes are heavily dependent on the surgeon's microsurgical experience and skill. To avoid back-walling the tubular lumen, the needles are generally placed inside-out through the vasal lumen using double-armed microsutures. These double-armed sutures for infertility microsurgery are very expensive and may be difficult to obtain. We describe a randomized trial that used a novel single-armed suture placement pattern for vasoepididymostomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male adult Wistar rats underwent vasectomy. Two weeks later, vasoepididymostomies were performed using either a single-armed longitudinal intussusception vasoepididymostomy (n = 6) or a standard double-armed longitudinal intussusception vasoepididymostomy (n = 6) technique. After 9 weeks, patency was assessed functionally by evaluating for motile sperm distal to the anastomosis. If no motile sperm were visible, the mechanical patency of the anastomoses was tested by the ability of methylene blue to pass through the surgical anastomosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patency rate for the double-armed vasoepididymostomy group was 100% (6 of 6) compared with 83.3% (5 of 6) for the single-armed vasoepididymostomy group. This difference was not significant (P = 0.50). Sperm granulomas were found in three (50%) of six anastomoses in the double-armed group and five (83%) of six anastomoses in the single-armed vasoepididymostomy group (P = 0.27). The mean operative times for the double and single-armed longitudinal intussusception vasoepididymostomy techniques were similar (35 minutes versus 43 minutes; P = 0.39).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of our study have shown that the single-armed suture technique to perform vasoepididymostomy is almost as effective as the double-armed technique. Although we still prefer to use double-armed sutures, we believe that this is a practical and effective alternative when specialized double-armed microsurgical sutures are not available.
authors: Department of Urology, Cornell Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021-4873, USA.
authors: Mara A
authors: MA
authors: Monoski
authors: Jonathan
authors: J
authors: Schiff
authors: Philip S
authors: PS
authors: Li
authors: Peter T K
authors: PT
authors: Chan
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Goldstein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004822:Epididymis / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013536:Suture Techniques; D014669:Vasovasostomy / Q000379:methods*