title: Nosocomial infection in a neonatal intensive care unit: a prospective study in Taiwan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We performed a prospective analysis to determine the prevalence of nosocomial infection and associated risk factors in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected prospectively on underlying diagnoses, therapeutic interventions/treatments, infections, and outcomes at 9 am every day from November 2004 through October 2005. Prevalence of nosocomial infection and infection site definitions were according to the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance system of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 528 infants enrolled, 60 (11.4%) had 97 nosocomial infections. The survival rate was 92%. The prevalence of nosocomial infections was 17.5%: bloodstream infection, 4.7%, clinical sepsis, 6.3%, pneumonia, 5.1%, urinary tract infections (UTIs), 0.7%, surgical site infection, 0.7%. Intervention-associated infection rate: central intravascular catheter-associated bloodstream infection, 13.7%, TPN-associated bloodstream infection, 15.8%, ventilator-associated pneumonia, 18.6%, surgical site infection 13.7%, urinary catheter-associated UTI, 17.3%. Cut-off values of onset of central intravascular catheter-associated bloodstream infection and ventilator-associated pneumonia were 6 days and 10 days after intervention, respectively. Patients with a birth weight <1000 g (relative risk, 11.8, 95% confidence interval, 7.66-18.18; P < .001) were at the greatest risk for nosocomial infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study revealed the high prevalence of nosocomial infections in NICU patients, and the urgent need for a national surveillance and more effective prevention interventions.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. bais@ms49.hinet.net
authors: Bai-Horng
authors: BH
authors: Su
authors: Hsin-Yang
authors: HY
authors: Hsieh
authors: Hsiao-Yu
authors: HY
authors: Chiu
authors: Hsiao-Chuan
authors: HC
authors: Lin
authors: Hung-Chih
authors: HC
authors: Lin
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006700:Home Childbirth / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology