Change and continuity: childbirth and parenting across three generations of women in the United Arab Emirates.
BACKGROUND
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a country that has undergone remarkable physical, economic and social shifts in its short modern history. And while the economic and structural transformations of the society have been well documented and publicized, information about the changes and transformations of family processes is sparse. This study is one of the first steps towards documenting the changes in family processes, namely those related to childbirth and parenting, as described by three generations of Emirati women.


METHODS
Family triads of Grandmothers, Mothers and married Daughters (n = 216) were interviewed in local Arabic dialect by Emirati female research assistants. Data were analysed using chi square and Analysis of Variance.


RESULTS
Generational differences were found between the Grandmothers, Mothers and Daughters in: number of births, maternal age at first birth, location and type of birth attendant, medication during labour and birth, father presence at birth, social support following birth, feeding and weaning of infant, and preventive infant health care. Changes were not found in the proximity to the mother of the infant during sleep.


CONCLUSIONS
The age of first birth has risen for Emirati women and the birth rate may have dropped. Health care has also significantly improved. These results are discussed in relation to government initiatives and physical and social change within the UAE and the Middle East.
Green
K E
KE
Graduate School of Education, Capella University, 225 South 6th Street, Minneapolis, MN 55402, USA. katherine.green@faculty.capella.edu
Smith
D E
DE
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003469:Culture; D003906:Developing Countries; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008423:Maternal Age; D008875:Middle Aged; D016487:Parenting / Q000639:trends*; D017584:Reproductive History; D012922:Social Change; D014479:United Arab Emirates