title: Effect of a balanced anaesthetic technique using desflurane and remifentanil on surgical conditions during microscopic and endoscopic sinus surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Controlled hypotension is used to improve surgical conditions during microscopic and endoscopic sinus surgery. Several drug combinations are suitable to provide deep and predictable level of anaesthesia combined with an exact control of intraoperative blood pressure. However, only little is known about the relative importance of the level of hypnosis on the one hand and analgesia on the other hand.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, patient and observer-blinded study.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 100 consecutive patients received a balanced anaesthesia technique using desflurane and remifentanil. Anaesthesia was desflurane-accentuated with remifentanil-supplementation (DARS-group: 1 MAC desflurane; remifentanil: 0.2 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)) or remifentanil-accentuated with desflurane-supplementation (RADS-group: desflurane: 0.5 MAC; remifentanil: 0.4 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)). Administration of anaesthetics performed to maintain a sufficient level of anaesthesia and to keep mean arterial pressure between 60 and 70 mmHg (8-9.3 hPa). The attending ENT-surgeons were unaware of the type of anaesthesia and rated general surgical conditions and the dryness of the operating site on a visual analogue scale (0-10 cm) and on a verbal rating scale immediately after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood pressure and heart rate was not different between the two groups. Dryness of the operating site was rated significantly better (p < 0.0001) in the DARS-group (median; 25th/75th-percentile: 2.0; 1.5-3.5 vs. RADS-group: 2.6; 2.0-4.0) but the overall rating of the surgical conditions did not differ between the groups (DARS-group: 2.0; 1.0-2.4 vs. RADS-group: 2.2; 1.5-3.2). Immediate postoperative recovery times were increased in the RADS-group, but there was no difference with respect to fit-for-discharge criteria one hour after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Balanced anaesthesia using high dose of desflurane offers small but statistically significant advantages with respect to dryness of the operating site compared to an opioid-accentuated anaesthesia technique. However, since the opioid-accentuated anaesthetic group had a faster immediate recovery both techniques are equally effective for microscopic and endoscopic sinus surgery.
authors: Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, Germany. eberhart@mailer.uni-marburg.de
authors: L H J
authors: LH
authors: Eberhart
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Kussin
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Arndt
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Lange
authors: B J
authors: BJ
authors: Folz
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Werner
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Wulf
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Kill
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D000077335:Desflurane; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007023:Hypotension, Controlled; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010351:Patient Discharge; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000077208:Remifentanil; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D010880:Piperidines; D000077335:Desflurane; D007530:Isoflurane; D000077208:Remifentanil