Regulation of Na+/Ca2+ exchange current in the normal and failing heart.
Cardiac NCX is modulated by diverse regulatory elements. Although there is consensus about the regulatory function of Na+ and Ca2+ and other elements, for example, ATP, there is still a controversial debate about the functional role of cyclic nucleotides and protein kinases. Future studies should focus on that topic since disturbances of cAMP/cGMP concentration and kinase activity may lead to severe functional disorders in the diseased heart. S100A1 is presumably a novel regulator of NCX.
Reppel
Michael
M
Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany. akp72@uni-koeln.de
Fleischmann
Bernd K
BK
Reuter
Hannes
H
Pillekamp
Frank
F
Schunkert
Heribert
H
Hescheler
Jürgen
J
D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000502:physiology; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger / Q000502:physiology*
D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger; D012964:Sodium; D011494:Protein Kinases; D002118:Calcium