title: Interferon regulatory factor-1-induced apoptosis mediated by a ligand-independent fas-associated death domain pathway in breast cancer cells.
abstract: Interferon (IFN) regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) is a transcription factor that has apoptotic anti-tumor activity. In breast cancer cell types, IRF-1 is implicated in mediating apoptosis by both novel and established anti-tumor agents, including the anti-estrogens tamoxifen and faslodex. Here we demonstrate that in MDA468 breast cancer cells, apoptosis by IFN-gamma is mediated by IRF-1 and IFN-gamma, and IRF-1-induced apoptosis is caspase-mediated. IRF-1 induction results in cleavage of caspase-8, -3 and -7, and application of caspase inhibitors attenuate activated cleavage products. IRF-1-induced apoptosis involves caspase-8 since apoptosis is significantly decreased by the caspase-8-specific inhibitor IETD, c-FLIP expression and in caspase-8-deficient cancer cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that IRF-1-induced apoptosis requires fas-associated death domain (FADD) since dominant-negative FADD expressing cells resist IRF-1-induced apoptosis and activated downstream products. Immunofluorescent studies demonstrate perinuclear colocalization of FADD and caspase-8. Despite the known role of FADD in mediating death-ligand induced apoptosis, neutralizing antibodies against classical death receptors do not inhibit IRF-1 induced apoptosis, and no secreted ligand appears to be involved since MDA468 coincubated with IRF-1 transfected cells do not apoptose. Therefore, we demonstrate that IRF-1 induces a ligand-independent FADD/caspase-8-mediated apoptosis in breast cancer cells.
authors: Department of Surgery/University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
authors: M T
authors: MT
authors: Stang
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Armstrong
authors: G A
authors: GA
authors: Watson
authors: K Y
authors: KY
authors: Sung
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Ren
authors: J H
authors: JH
authors: Yim
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053181:Caspase 8 / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D053200:Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D050856:Interferon Regulatory Factor-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008024:Ligands; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013347:Subcellular Fractions; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C505533:FADD protein, human; D053200:Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein; C494257:IRF1 protein, human; D050856:Interferon Regulatory Factor-1; D008024:Ligands; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; C105190:TNFRSF10A protein, human; C505653:TNFSF10 protein, human; D019014:fas Receptor; D007371:Interferon-gamma; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C505530:CASP8 protein, human; C506433:CASP9 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases