Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine among pregnant Filipino women and placental transfer of antibodies.
This randomized, controlled study among pregnant women evaluated the prevaccination distribution of anti-pneumococcal (Pnc) antibodies (Ab), the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of Pnc polysaccharide vaccine, and transplacental transfer of Ab. The Pnc vaccine group (N=106) received Pnc PS vaccine, Hemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine and tetanus toxoid; the control group (N=54) received tetanus toxoid only. Sera and cord blood were assayed for anti-pnc Ab using enzyme immunoassay. In the Pnc vaccine group, anti-Pnc Ab rose by 3- to 9-fold and was significantly higher in cord blood. In evaluating Pnc conjugate vaccines, the concentration of 0.35 microg/ml is suggested as the protective threshold against invasive disease. Around 90% of mothers had this level pre-vaccination. Considering the decay of passively acquired Ab and the growth of the infant, an Ab level in cord blood of at least 4.4 microg/ml is needed if infants are to be protected up to 4 months of age. Cord blood anti-Pnc Ab was above this level in 60% and 10% of the Pnc vaccine and control groups, respectively. Maternal immunization with Pnc polysaccharide vaccine can provide prolonged protection through passively acquired Ab.
Quiambao
Beatriz P
BP
Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Alabang, 1781 Muntinlupa City, Metro Manila, Philippines. bpquiambao@yahoo.com
Nohynek
Hanna M
HM
Käyhty
Helena
H
Ollgren
Jukka P
JP
Gozum
Lorena S
LS
Gepanayao
Connie P
CP
Soriano
Victoria C
VC
Makela
Pirjo Helena
PH
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007112:Immunity, Maternally-Acquired; D017589:Immunization Programs; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010679:Philippines; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second / Q000276:immunology*; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third / Q000276:immunology*; D012703:Serotyping; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology
D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines