title: Convection enhanced drug delivery of novel therapeutic agents to malignant brain tumors.
abstract: In spite of conventional treatment modalities which include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, the survival rates for patients with malignant gliomas remain disappointing. Successful treatment has been limited by difficulties in delivering therapeutic agents to the central nervous system (CNS). Specifically, drug penetration of the blood brain barrier (BBB) poses a unique and challenging problem in glioma therapy. Recently, however, promising techniques have emerged to circumvent this problem. One such advancement is convection-enhanced delivery (CED). This method was originally introduced and refined in the early 1990s by researchers at the National Institute of Health (NIH) and involves drug infusion under high pressure using intracranial catheters. CED allows for delivery of high concentrations of therapeutic agents directly into brain tumors and surrounding parenchyma. This method eludes the BBB and allows the use of regional drug therapy, while at the same time limiting systemic toxicity. In the present article, we review both the pre-clinical and clinical studies concerning CED. We also discuss future directions and the potential impact of this modality on the treatment of malignant gliomas.
authors: Division of Neurosurgery, The University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
authors: Sherise
authors: S
authors: Ferguson
authors: Maciej S
authors: MS
authors: Lesniak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000378:metabolism; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018481:Convection; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D005098:Exotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005910:Glioma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D036502:Infusions, Intralesional; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014168:Transferrin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D005098:Exotoxins; C521502:IL13-PE38; D018793:Interleukin-13; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C404391:Tf-CRM107; D014168:Transferrin; C479467:interleukin-4-Pseudomonas exotoxin; D015847:Interleukin-4