title: Rasch analysis of the daily living tasks dependent on vision (DLTV).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine internal consistency, refine the response scale, and obtain a linear scoring system for the visual function instrument, the Daily Living Tasks Dependent on Vision (DLTV).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were available from 186 participants with a clinical diagnosis of AMD who completed the 22-item DLTV (DLTV-22) according to four-point ordinal response scale. An independent group of 386 participants with AMD were administered a reduced version of the DLTV with 11 items (DLTV-11), according to a five-point response scale. Rasch analysis was performed on both datasets and used to generate item statistics for measure order, response odds ratios per item and per person, and infit and outfit mean square statistics. The Rasch output from the DLTV-22 was examined to identify redundant items and for factorial validity and person item measure separation reliabilities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average rating for the DLTV-22 changed monotonically with the magnitude of the latent person trait. The expected versus observed average measures were extremely close, with step calibrations evenly separated for the four-point ordinal scale. In the case of the DLTV-11, step calibrations were not as evenly separated, suggesting that the five-point scale should be reduced to either a four- or three-point scale. Five items in the DLTV-22 were removed, and all 17 remaining items had good infit and outfit mean squares. PCA with residuals from Rasch analysis identified two domains containing 7 and 10 items each. The domains had high person separation reliabilities (0.86 and 0.77 for domains 1 and 2, respectively) and item measure reliabilities (0.99 and 0.98 for domains 1 and 2, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the improved internal consistency, establishment of the accuracy and precision of the rating scale for the DLTV and the establishment of a valid domain structure we believe that it constitutes a useful instrument for assessing visual function in older adults with age-related macular degeneration.
authors: Centre for Vision Sciences, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
authors: Frances
authors: F
authors: Denny
authors: Adele H
authors: AH
authors: Marshall
authors: Michael R
authors: MR
authors: Stevenson
authors: Patricia M
authors: PM
authors: Hart
authors: Usha
authors: U
authors: Chakravarthy
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019987:Persons with Visual Disabilities