title: Practical issues in the application of item response theory: a demonstration using items from the pediatric quality of life inventory (PedsQL) 4.0 generic core scales.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Item response theory (IRT) is increasingly being applied to health-related quality of life instrument development and refinement. This article discusses results obtained using categorical confirmatory factor analysis (CCFA) to check IRT model assumptions and the application of IRT in item analysis and scale evaluation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the value of CCFA and IRT in examining a health-related quality of life measure in children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  This illustration uses data from 10,241 children and their parents on items from the 4 subscales of the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales. CCFA was applied to confirm domain dimensionality and identify possible locally dependent items. IRT was used to assess the strength of the relationship between the items and the constructs of interest and the information available across the latent construct.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CCFA showed generally strong support for 1-factor models for each domain; however, several items exhibited evidence of local dependence. IRT revealed that the items generally exhibit favorable characteristics and are related to the same construct within a given domain. We discuss the lessons that can be learned by comparing alternate forms of the same scale, and we assess the potential impact of local dependence on the item parameter estimates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This article describes CCFA methods for checking IRT model assumptions and provides suggestions for using these methods in practice. It offers insight into ways information gained through IRT can be applied to evaluate items and aid in scale construction.
authors: RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194, USA. cdhill@rti.org
authors: Cheryl D
authors: CD
authors: Hill
authors: Michael C
authors: MC
authors: Edwards
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Thissen
authors: Michelle M
authors: MM
authors: Langer
authors: R J
authors: RJ
authors: Wirth
authors: Tasha M
authors: TM
authors: Burwinkle
authors: James W
authors: JW
authors: Varni
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010372:Pediatrics; D019727:Proxy; D011788:Quality of Life; D012650:Self Disclosure; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*