The influence of culture on the experiences of Korean, Korean American, and Caucasian-American family caregivers of frail older adults: a literature review.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this review is to explore cultural influences on the experiences of Korean, Korean American, and Caucasian American family caregivers caring for frail older adults in terms of the selection of a primary caregiver, caregiving motivation, support/help-seeking, and negative emotional responses(depression and burden).


METHODS
Seven electronic databases were searched to retrieve studies from 1966 to 2005. Thirty-two studies were identified.


RESULTS
This review supported cultural influences on the selection of primary caregiver, caregiving motivation, and support/help-seeking among the three caregiver groups. In Korean caregivers, the major primary caregivers were daughters-in-law while among Korean American and Caucasian American caregivers, the major primary caregivers were daughters or spouses. As a major caregiving motivation, Caucasian American caregivers reported filial affection while Korean caregivers and Korean American caregivers reported filial obligation. Korean caregivers reported higher extended family support, while Caucasian American caregivers reported higher utilization of formal support. Korean caregivers showed the highest levels of depression followed by Korean American caregivers and Caucasian American caregivers.


CONCLUSIONS
In order to develop culturally appropriate interventions and policies, more research is needed to further explain these differences among the three groups, especially regarding support/help-seeking and negative emotional responses.
Kong
Eun-Hi
EH
College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Korea (ROK). ehk111@hanmail.net
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000368:Aged; D001213:Asian; D044466:Asian People; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003657:Decision Making; D016330:Frail Elderly; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea / Q000208:ethnology; D009042:Motivation; D012944:Social Support; D014481:United States; D044465:White People