title: Treatment of a commercial, machined surface titanium implant with H2SO4/H2O2 enhances contact osteogenesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has recently been reported that controlled chemical oxidation of titanium (Ti) with sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4))/hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) significantly influences the early stages of in vitro osteogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether this chemical treatment can also influence in vivo bone formation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ti implants (Mk III) were etched with H(2)SO(4)/H(2)O(2) for 4 h at room temperature. Mandibular premolars were extracted in eight dogs and, after 3 months, three treated and three untreated implants were placed in each animal. At 3 and 8 weeks postimplantation, the animals were sacrificed, and the implants with surrounding bone were harvested, fixed with formaldehyde, and processed for embedding in LR White. Sections of bone with the implants were prepared, stained with Stevenel's blue and Alizarin red, and analyzed histomorphometrically for percentage of bone-to-implant contact (BIC), percentage of mineralized bone area between threads (BABT), and percentage of mineralized bone area within the mirror area (BAMA). Data were analyzed statistically using two-way analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treated implants exhibited significantly more (P<0.05) BIC than control, untreated ones both at 3 (68.1% vs. 27.9%) and 8 weeks (73.5% vs. 14.7%) postimplantation. However, there was no difference in the BABT and BAMA. Histological analysis confirmed that, in most cases, new bone in contact with the implant formed in a direction away from it.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that a controlled chemical oxidation of Ti implants significantly enhances contact osteogenesis and suggest that this treatment may be beneficial for early loading of implants.
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors: Marconi Gonzaga
authors: MG
authors: Tavares
authors: Paulo Tambasco
authors: PT
authors: de Oliveira
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Nanci
authors: Ana Carolina
authors: AC
authors: Hawthorne
authors: Adalberto Luiz
authors: AL
authors: Rosa
authors: Samuel Porfírio
authors: SP
authors: Xavier
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods*; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D015921:Dental Implants; D004285:Dogs; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D016348:Osseointegration; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013464:Sulfuric Acids; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D015921:Dental Implants; D013464:Sulfuric Acids; C009495:titanium dioxide; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D014025:Titanium; C033158:sulfuric acid