title: Increasing expression of hypoxia-inducible proteins in the Barrett's metaplasia-dysplasia-adenocarcinoma sequence.
abstract: Hypoxia-associated markers are involved in the progression of several malignancies, but are relatively unstudied in Barrett's carcinogenesis. Our aim was to assess the immunohistochemical expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha, HIF-2alpha, erythropoietin (Epo), Epo receptor (Epo-R), Glut-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) along with Ki67/MIB-1 in the Barrett's metaplasia-dysplasia-adenocarcinoma sequence. Endoscopic biopsies of normal squamous epithelium (NSE) (n=20), columnar-lined oesophagus (CLO) (n=15), CLO with intestinal metaplasia (n=20), dysplasia (n=17) and Barrett's type adenocarcinoma (n=20) were obtained. Immunohistochemistry was performed on the paraffin-embedded tissue. A score was calculated for each marker (range 0-300) by multiplying intensity (none 0, weak 1, moderate 2, strong 3) by percentage of expression (range 0-100). Significant increases in the expression of HIF-2alpha (P=0.014), VEGF (P<0.0001), Epo-R (P<0.0001) and Ki67 (P<0.0001) were found as tissue progressed from NSE to adenocarcinoma. HIF-2alpha was expressed late in the sequence and was only seen in dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. High HIF-2alpha expression was seen in 12 out of 20 Barrett's type adenocarcinoma. The late expression of HIF-2alpha in the Barrett's carcinogenesis sequence and its high expression in adenocarcinoma suggest that it is worth further investigation as a marker of disease progression and therapeutic target.
authors: Academic Radiation Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, Christie Hospital, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester M20 4BX, UK.
authors: E A
authors: EA
authors: Griffiths
authors: S A
authors: SA
authors: Pritchard
authors: S M
authors: SM
authors: McGrath
authors: H R
authors: HR
authors: Valentine
authors: P M
authors: PM
authors: Price
authors: I M
authors: IM
authors: Welch
authors: C M L
authors: CM
authors: West
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D001471:Barrett Esophagus / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D001706:Biopsy; D018450:Disease Progression; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology; D004935:Esophageal Diseases / Q000473:pathology; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008679:Metaplasia; D017467:Receptors, Erythropoietin / Q000378:metabolism; D012016:Reference Values; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D017467:Receptors, Erythropoietin; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1; C497442:HIF1A protein, human