title: Increased left ventricular mass and diastolic dysfunction are associated with endothelial dysfunction in normotensive offspring of subjects with essential hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to investigate left ventricular (LV) morphology and function in normotensive offspring of subjects with essential hypertension (familial trait - FT), and to determine the association between LV mass and determinants of LV diastolic function and endothelium-dependent (NO-mediated) dilation of the brachial artery (BA).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study encompassed 76 volunteers of whom 44 were normotonics with FT aged 28-39 (mean 33) years and 32 age-matched controls without FT. LV mass and LV diastolic function was measured using conventional echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). LV diastolic filling properties were assessed and reported as the peak E/A wave ratio, and peak septal annular velocities (E(m) and E(m)/A(m) ratio) on TDI. Using high-resolution ultrasound, BA diameters at rest and during reactive hyperaemia (flow-mediated dilation--FMD) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In subjects with FT, the LV mass index was higher than in controls (92.14+/-24.02 vs 70.08+/-20.58); p<0.001). Offspring of hypertensive families had worse LV diastolic function than control subjects (lower E/A ratio, lower E(m) and E(m)/A(m) ratio; p<0.001). In subjects with FT, FMD was decreased compared with the controls (6.11+/-3.28% vs 10.20+/-2.07%; p<0.001). LV mass index and E(m)/A(m) ratio were associated with FMD (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In normotensive individuals with FT, LV morphological and functional changes were found. We demonstrated that an increase in LV mass and alterations in LV diastolic function are related to endothelial dysfunction.
authors: University Medical Centre, Department of Angiology, Zaloska 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. drzizek@hotmail.com
authors: Bogomir
authors: B
authors: Zizek
authors: Pavel
authors: P
authors: Poredos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000502:physiology*; D018619:Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D018056:Hemorheology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis