title: Analytical development for analysis of pharmaceuticals in water samples by SPE and GC-MS.
abstract: An analytical procedure involving solid-phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been developed for determination of pharmaceutical compounds (aspirin, caffeine, carbamazepine, diclofenac, ketoprofen, naproxen, ibuprofen, clofibrate, clofibric acid, and gemfibrozil) in a variety of aqueous samples (wastewater and surface water). After filtration, samples were extracted and concentrated using C(18) or HLB cartridges, depending on the type of compound. Sample storage conditions were checked and optimized to ensure preservation of the pharmaceutical substance, taking into consideration environmental sampling conditions. For most of the pharmaceuticals monitored, recovery was in the range 53 to 99% and the variability was below 15% for the complete procedure, with limits of detection ranging from 0.4 to 2.5 ng L(-1), depending on the compound. The methods were successfully applied to monitoring of pharmaceutical contamination of the Seine estuary. Concentrations varied from several dozens of nanograms per liter for surface waters to several hundreds of nanograms per liter for wastewaters.
authors: University of Bordeaux 1, CNRS, LPTC, UMR 5472, 351 crs de la Libération, 33405, Talence, France. h.budzinski@lptc.u-bordeaux1.fr
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Togola
authors: Hélène
authors: H
authors: Budzinski
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005602:France; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D015394:Molecular Structure; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012621:Seasons; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical