title: Do magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound add anything to the preoperative workup of parotid gland tumors?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the additional value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US) to physical examination (PE) and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the preoperative determination of the location and histology of parotid gland tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospectively, 99 patients with 77 benign and 22 malignant lesions were included; 82 underwent parotidectomy. FNAC was performed in 88 patients. On PE, the location of the tumor was predicted. Eighty-nine patients had MRI and 47 US. Various characteristics and the presumed diagnosis were assessed. Furthermore, the location of the tumor in relation to the facial nerve was predicted. The results were compared with the definite histology and the location during surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the MRI characteristics, incomplete demarcation from normal parotid gland tissue showed the highest positive predictive value (PPV) for malignancy of 0.48. Of the US characteristics, enlarged lymph nodes yielded the highest PPV for malignancy of 0.5. Cytology correctly predicted the benign or malignant nature of the tumor in all cases. Superficial location was well predicted on PE with a PPV of 0.8, slightly better on MRI (PPV of 0.87), and worse on US (PPV of 0.7).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FNAC is the only accurate investigation for classifying a parotid gland tumor as benign or malignant. Palpation and MRI are superior to US in predicting tumor location. Because the results for palpation and MRI are almost equal, MRI should only be reserved for specific cases, and not routinely requested.
authors: Ear, Nose, and Throat Surgeon, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. j.a.deru@kmb.azu.nl
authors: Jacob Alexander
authors: JA
authors: de Ru
authors: Maarten S
authors: MS
authors: van Leeuwen
authors: Peter Paul G
authors: PP
authors: van Benthem
authors: Birgitta K
authors: BK
authors: Velthuis
authors: Daisy M D S
authors: DM
authors: Sie-Go
authors: Gerrit Jan
authors: GJ
authors: Hordijk
mesh_terms: D000235:Adenolymphoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008949:Adenoma, Pleomorphic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle / Q000379:methods*; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018442:Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods; D010305:Parotid Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000294:innervation; D010307:Parotid Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D010808:Physical Examination; D012015:Reference Standards; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014463:Ultrasonography