title: Set-up and statistical validation of a new scoring system for obstructed defaecation syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is no objective means to assess the obstructed defaecation syndrome (ODS), to allow evaluation of outcome or to compare the efficacy of treatment including surgery. The study aimed to validate a disease-specific index to quantify severity to allow assessment of the results of treatment in clinical trials, to permit comparison between them.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-six patients with ODS and 30 healthy controls entered the study after proctologic and ano-rectal physiological investigation. Hirschsprung's disease and slow transit constipation were excluded. An eight-item questionnaire with four or five possible answers was administered by two independent researchers at two different times. The ODS score was the sum of all points with a maximum possible of 31 points. Agreement between the two operators was evaluated by the Kappa coefficient for each single item. The coefficient of repeatability (CR) was assessed by the Bland and Altman plot. The internal consistency was evaluated by the Crohnbach-alpha test. A cluster analysis was carried out on each clinical finding. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare median ODS score between patients and controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ODS score of the two operators was normally distributed and strongly correlated (r = 0.89). The correlation coefficient between the score assigned to each item by two operators ranged from 0.79 to 0.98. The degree of agreement between the operators was good and the two methods were reproducible (CR = 3.13). There was a significant difference between the mean ODS score for patients and controls (t = 20.70, P < 0.001). The Crohnbach alpha value for internal reliability was +0.513. Cluster analysis showed a different profile between cluster 1 (a nonhomogenous group including rectocoele, intussusception or perineal descent), and cluster 2 (pelvic dysynergia).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ODS score offers a validated severity of disease index in grading the severity of disease and monitoring the efficacy of therapy.
authors: Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, General Surgery and Liver transplantation Units, University of Bari, Bari, Italy. altomare@clichiru.uniba.it
authors: D F
authors: DF
authors: Altomare
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Spazzafumo
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Rinaldi
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Dodi
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Ghiselli
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Piloni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003248:Constipation / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D019841:Defecography; D005244:Fecal Impaction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007415:Intestinal Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011336:Probability; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013577:Syndrome; D016896:Treatment Outcome