title: Regulation of HIF-1alpha stability through S-nitrosylation.
abstract: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a master transcriptional factor. Under normal oxygen tension, HIF-1 activity is usually suppressed due to the rapid, oxygen-dependent degradation of one of its two subunits, HIF-1alpha. Here we report that normoxic HIF-1 activity can be upregulated through NO-mediated S-nitrosylation and stabilization of HIF-1alpha. In murine tumors, exposure to ionizing radiation stimulated the generation of NO in tumor-associated macrophages. As a result, the HIF-1alpha protein is S-nitrosylated at Cys533 (through "biotin switch" assay) in the oxygen-dependent degradation domain, which prevents its destruction. Importantly, this mechanism appears to be independent of the prolylhydroxylase-based pathway that is involved in oxygen-dependent regulation of HIF-1alpha. Selective disruption of this S-nitrosylation significantly attenuated both radiation-induced and macrophage-induced activation of HIF-1alpha. This interaction between NO and HIF-1 sheds new light on their involvement in tumor response to treatment as well as mammalian inflammation process in general.
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
authors: Fang
authors: F
authors: Li
authors: Pierre
authors: P
authors: Sonveaux
authors: Zahid N
authors: ZN
authors: Rabbani
authors: Shanling
authors: S
authors: Liu
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: Yan
authors: Qian
authors: Q
authors: Huang
authors: Zeljko
authors: Z
authors: Vujaskovic
authors: Mark W
authors: MW
authors: Dewhirst
authors: Chuan-Yuan
authors: CY
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003545:Cysteine / Q000737:chemistry; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D003545:Cysteine