title: Modifiable family and school environmental factors associated with smoking status among adolescents in Guangzhou, China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify modifiable family and school environmental factors associated with Chinese adolescent smoking behaviors including never-smoking, experimental smoking, regular smoking, and attempting to quit.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey using self-reported questionnaires was conducted in Huangpu, Guangzhou in December of 2004. A total of 3957 pupils agreed to complete the questionnaires. The prevalence odds ratio (risk) of experimental smoking was compared to never-smoking, adjusting for gender and age in unconditional logistic regression analysis. The risk of regular smoking was compared to experimental smoking, and the risk of attempting quitting was analyzed in regular smokers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cigarette smoking of peers, mothers, fathers, brothers, and supervising teachers, passive smoking, and seeing someone smoking on campus increased the risk of experimental smoking vs. nonsmoking, while no-smoking signs, perceived anti-tobacco atmosphere in school, and being taught smoking-related health knowledge decreased the risk. The factors associated with regular smoking compared to experimental smoking included the smoking of peers, brothers, fathers and supervising teachers, teacher's tolerance, and passive smoking. Being taught smoking-related knowledge, perceived anti-tobacco atmosphere and no-smoking signs in school were positively associated with regular smoker's attempt to quit, while supervising teacher's smoking, parents' and teachers' tolerance could delay it.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These modifiable family and school environmental factors as well as their interaction with gender and age should be highly considered in adolescent smoking prevention in China.
authors: Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
authors: Xiaozhong
authors: X
authors: Wen
authors: Weiqing
authors: W
authors: Chen
authors: Joshua E
authors: JE
authors: Muscat
authors: Zhengmin
authors: Z
authors: Qian
authors: Ciyong
authors: C
authors: Lu
authors: Caixia
authors: C
authors: Zhang
authors: Yijuan
authors: Y
authors: Luo
authors: Caihua
authors: C
authors: Liang
authors: Ke
authors: K
authors: Han
authors: Xueqing
authors: X
authors: Deng
authors: Yongjun
authors: Y
authors: Ou
authors: Wenhua
authors: W
authors: Ling
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012574:Schools; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012931:Social Environment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires