title: Addition of monofluorophosphate to estrogen therapy in postmenopausal osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Treatment of osteoporosis with high-dose fluoride alone does not reduce fracture risk. We hypothesized that the antifracture efficacy of fluoride could be optimized by its use in low doses combined with an antiresorptive agent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects included 80 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis who had been taking estrogen for at least 1 yr.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were randomized to receive monofluorophosphate (MFP) (fluoride content of 20 mg/d) or placebo over 4 yr in a double-blind trial.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were progressive increases in lumbar spine bone density over the duration of the study (MFP, 22%; placebo, 6%; P < 0.0001). In the trabecular bone of L3, these increases were even greater (MFP, 49%; placebo, 2.5%; P < 0.0001). In the proximal femur, there were smaller but significant treatment effects (P = 0.015). Total body scans and their subregions also showed significantly greater increases in the MFP group. Bone formation markers increased significantly in the MFP group at yr 1. Hyperosteoidosis was present in biopsies from five of seven MFP subjects, with osteomalacia in two of seven. The hazards ratio for vertebral fractures was 0.20 (95% confidence interval, 0.05-1.30), and the incidence rate ratio was 0.12 (95% confidence interval, 0.06-0.23; P < 0.01). The hazards ratio for nonvertebral fractures was 3.3 (95% confidence interval, 0.8-12.0).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that fluoride at 20 mg/d produces substantial increases in bone mineral density but still interferes with bone mineralization. This indicates that most previous studies with this ion have used toxic doses and that much lower doses should be assessed to find a safe dose window for the use of this powerful anabolic agent.
authors: Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. i.reid@auckland.ac.nz
authors: Ian R
authors: IR
authors: Reid
authors: Tim
authors: T
authors: Cundy
authors: Andrew B
authors: AB
authors: Grey
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Horne
authors: Judith
authors: J
authors: Clearwater
authors: Ruth
authors: R
authors: Ames
authors: Brandon J
authors: BJ
authors: Orr-Walker
authors: Fiona
authors: F
authors: Wu
authors: Margaret C
authors: MC
authors: Evans
authors: Gregory D
authors: GD
authors: Gamble
authors: Alan
authors: A
authors: King
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D010710:Phosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D010710:Phosphates; C012980:fluorophosphate; D005459:Fluorides