title: Disruption of FRNK expression by gene targeting of the intronic promoter within the focal adhesion kinase gene.
abstract: FRNK, a non-catalytic variant of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), is expressed in major blood vessels throughout mouse development and is postulated to play a role in regulating cell adhesion and signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The FRNK transcriptional start site lies within an intron of the FAK gene, suggesting that the FRNK gene is a "gene within a gene". Here, we identified a 1 kb intronic sequence of the FAK gene that is necessary for endogenous FRNK expression. Deletion of this sequence in gene-targeted mice abolished FRNK expression, showing the direct involvement of the FAK intron in the regulation of FRNK expression. The level of FAK expression was normal in the FRNK-deficient mice, indicating that FAK and FRNK are transcriptionally regulated by distinct promoters. The FRNK-deficient mice were viable, fertile, and displayed no obvious histological abnormalities in any of the major blood vessels. Western blot analysis showed that FRNK-deficient and wild-type (WT) cells had comparable levels of steady-state and adhesion-dependent FAK autophosphorylation. Despite the fact that ectopic expression of FRNK suppresses focal adhesion formation in cultured cells, these results suggest that endogenous FRNK is not essential for development or the formation of the mouse vasculature.
authors: Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.
authors: Haruko
authors: H
authors: Hayasaka
authors: Karen H
authors: KH
authors: Martin
authors: E Daniel
authors: ED
authors: Hershey
authors: J Thomas
authors: JT
authors: Parsons
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000254:growth & development; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018390:Gene Targeting; D007438:Introns; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: C113183:FAK-related nonkinase; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases