title: (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate induces apoptosis, via caspase activation, in osteoclasts differentiated from RAW 264.7 cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Alveolar bone resorption is a characteristic feature of periodontal diseases and involves removal of both the mineral and the organic constituents of the bone matrix, a process mainly carried out by multinucleated osteoclast cells. (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate, the main constituent of green tea polyphenols, has been reported to induce the apoptotic cell death of osteoclasts and to modulate caspase activation in various tumor cells. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate on osteoclast survival and examined if (-)-epigallocatechin gallate mediates osteoclast apoptosis via caspase activation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate on osteoclast survival was examined by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining in osteoclasts differentiated from RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, we evaluated the apoptosis of osteoclasts by (-)-epigallocatechin gallate using a DNA-fragmentation assay. Involvement of caspase in (-)-epigallocatechin gallate-mediated osteoclast apoptosis was evaluated by treatment with a general caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK. Moreover, the effect of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate on the activation of caspase-3 was assessed by a colorimetric activity assay and western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate significantly inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, the survival of osteoclasts differentiated from RAW 264.7 cells and induced the apoptosis of osteoclasts. Treatment with (-)-epigallocatechin gallate resulted in DNA fragmentation and induced the activation of caspase-3 in RAW 264.7 cell-derived osteoclasts. Additional treatment with Z-VAD-FMK suppressed these effects of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From these findings, we could suggest that (-)-epigallocatechin gallate might prevent alveolar bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclast survival through the caspase-mediated apoptosis.
authors: Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Kwandong University, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Korea.
authors: J-H
authors: JH
authors: Yun
authors: C-S
authors: CS
authors: Kim
authors: K-S
authors: KS
authors: Cho
authors: J-K
authors: JK
authors: Chai
authors: C-K
authors: CK
authors: Kim
authors: S-H
authors: SH
authors: Choi
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000187:drug effects; D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000188:drug therapy*; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020169:Caspases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000032:analysis; D051379:Mice; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000378:metabolism; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase
chemical_list: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D053245:RANK Ligand; C096713:benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone; D002392:Catechin; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; C000605511:Acp5 protein, mouse; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; D020169:Caspases