From dopaminergic genes to psychiatric disorders.
Individual vulnerability to develop neurological and psychiatric disorders is associated with both genetic and environmental factors. Association studies in patients have explored the contribution of gene variants in the dopaminergic system in these disorders. This system is involved in motor control, endocrinological function, the reward system and cognition. The diverse physiological functions of dopamine are mediated by five different dopamine receptors, encoded by the genes DRD1, DRD2, DRD3, DRD4 and DRD5. These genes have various types of polymorphisms that can produce changes in the genetic product or expression levels. In recent years, the development of new technologies for genetic analysis, and a wider comprehension of the genetic sequences of these genes have increased our understanding of the implications of the dopaminergic system in both health and pathological states. It has also allowed the identification of genetic variants that may represent risk or protection factors for a variety of psychiatric disorders.
Hoenicka
Janet
J
Unidad de Conductas Adictivas, Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba s/n, Madrid 28041, Spain. jhoenicka.hdoc@salud.madrid.org
Aragüés
María
M
Ponce
Guillermo
G
Rodríguez-Jiménez
Roberto
R
Jiménez-Arriero
Miguel A
MA
Palomo
Tomás
T
D000818:Animals; D004298:Dopamine / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000235:genetics*; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D050637:Receptors, Dopamine D3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D050641:Receptors, Dopamine D5 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
D011954:Receptors, Dopamine; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D050637:Receptors, Dopamine D3; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4; D050641:Receptors, Dopamine D5; D004298:Dopamine