title: FLIP inhibits endothelial cell apoptosis during hyperoxia by suppressing Bax.
abstract: High oxygen tension (hyperoxia) causes pulmonary cell death, involving apoptosis, necrosis, or mixed death phenotypes, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In mouse lung endothelial cells (MLEC) hyperoxia activates both extrinsic (Fas-dependent) and intrinsic (mitochondria-dependent) apoptotic pathways. We examined the hypothesis that FLIP, an inhibitor of caspase-8, can protect endothelial cells against the lethal effects of hyperoxia. Hyperoxia caused the time-dependent downregulation of FLIP in MLEC. Overexpression of FLIP attenuated intracellular reactive oxygen species generation during hyperoxia exposure, by downregulating extracellular-regulated kinase-1/2 activation and p47(phox) expression. FLIP prevented hyperoxia-induced trafficking of the death-inducing signal complex from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane. Furthermore, FLIP blocked the activations of caspase-8/Bid, caspases -3/-9, and inhibited the mitochondrial translocation and activation of Bax, resulting in protection against hyperoxia-induced cell death. Under normoxic conditions, FLIP expression increased the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase leading to increased phosphorylation of Bax during hyperoxic stress. Furthermore, FLIP expression markedly inhibited protein kinase C activation and expression of distinct protein kinase C isoforms (alpha, eta, and zeta), and stabilized an interaction of PKC with Bax. In conclusion, FLIP exerted novel inhibitory effects on extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways, which significantly protected endothelial cells from the lethal effects of hyperoxia.
authors: Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3459 Fifth Avenue, MUH 628NW, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
authors: Xue
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Yong
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Hong Pyo
authors: HP
authors: Kim
authors: Augustine M K
authors: AM
authors: Choi
authors: Stefan W
authors: SW
authors: Ryter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D053446:CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015536:Down-Regulation; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D018496:Hyperoxia / Q000378:metabolism*; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053446:CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases