title: Synthetic lethal screen identification of chemosensitizer loci in cancer cells.
abstract: Abundant evidence suggests that a unifying principle governing the molecular pathology of cancer is the co-dependent aberrant regulation of core machinery driving proliferation and suppressing apoptosis. Anomalous proteins engaged in support of this tumorigenic regulatory environment most probably represent optimal intervention targets in a heterogeneous population of cancer cells. The advent of RNA-mediated interference (RNAi)-based functional genomics provides the opportunity to derive unbiased comprehensive collections of validated gene targets supporting critical biological systems outside the framework of preconceived notions of mechanistic relationships. We have combined a high-throughput cell-based one-well/one-gene screening platform with a genome-wide synthetic library of chemically synthesized small interfering RNAs for systematic interrogation of the molecular underpinnings of cancer cell chemoresponsiveness. NCI-H1155, a human non-small-cell lung cancer line, was employed in a paclitaxel-dependent synthetic lethal screen designed to identify gene targets that specifically reduce cell viability in the presence of otherwise sublethal concentrations of paclitaxel. Using a stringent objective statistical algorithm to reduce false discovery rates below 5%, we isolated a panel of 87 genes that represent major focal points of the autonomous response of cancer cells to the abrogation of microtubule dynamics. Here we show that several of these targets sensitize lung cancer cells to paclitaxel concentrations 1,000-fold lower than otherwise required for a significant response, and we identify mechanistic relationships between cancer-associated aberrant gene expression programmes and the basic cellular machinery required for robust mitotic progression.
authors: Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.
authors: Angelique W
authors: AW
authors: Whitehurst
authors: Brian O
authors: BO
authors: Bodemann
authors: Jessica
authors: J
authors: Cardenas
authors: Deborah
authors: D
authors: Ferguson
authors: Luc
authors: L
authors: Girard
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Peyton
authors: John D
authors: JD
authors: Minna
authors: Carolyn
authors: C
authors: Michnoff
authors: Weihua
authors: W
authors: Hao
authors: Michael G
authors: MG
authors: Roth
authors: Xian-Jin
authors: XJ
authors: Xie
authors: Michael A
authors: MA
authors: White
mesh_terms: D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005804:Genes, Lethal / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D008870:Microtubules / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008938:Mitosis / Q000187:drug effects; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000494:pharmacology*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D017239:Paclitaxel