title: Fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging response acutely to hypoxia-ischemia predicts postnatal outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cerebral palsy (CP) is caused by either hypoxia-ischemia (H-I) or long-standing causative factors such as inflammation or genetics. Multiple pathophysiological events over time are thought to contribute eventually to cerebral palsy. Our objective was to examine whether the immediate response of the fetus to an acute H-I event determined the motor deficits associated with cerebral palsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serial diffusion-weighted imaging were performed on 79% gestation New Zealand white rabbits using a 3-Tesla magnetic resonance scanner during 40 minutes of uterine ischemia, 20 minutes of reperfusion, and at 4, 24, and 72 hours. Individual fetuses were tracked to near term, and the delivered kits were divided into hypertonic H-I (n = 18), nonhypertonic H-I (n = 9), stillbirth H-I (n = 4), and control groups (n = 16).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The hypertonia group had significantly less of a nadir in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) during H-I (71.6 +/- 23.8% vs 84.5 +/- 9.3% baseline) and slower and incomplete recovery of ADC during reperfusion compared with the nonhypertonic group. All fetuses in the hypertonic and stillbirth groups had an ADC nadir of less than 0.83 microm(2)/msec (70.3% decrease from baseline), whereas 94% of control animals had an ADC nadir greater than this value. The difference between outcome groups was the largest at 4 hours reperfusion and persisted for 24 hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serial fetal brain scans indicate that the immediate response of a fetus to H-I is crucial to the development of hypertonia. If the fetal brain can be scanned at the time of insult, ADC changes can predict which fetuses will have an unfavorable outcome.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare and Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, USA. oldrobys@gmail.com
authors: Alexander
authors: A
authors: Drobyshevsky
authors: Matthew
authors: M
authors: Derrick
authors: P V
authors: PV
authors: Prasad
authors: Xinhai
authors: X
authors: Ji
authors: Ila
authors: I
authors: Englof
authors: Sidhartha
authors: S
authors: Tan
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus; D006801:Humans; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D012372:ROC Curve; D013997:Time Factors