title: Botulinum toxin for treatment of urinary incontinence due to detrusor overactivity: a systematic review of effectiveness and adverse effects.
abstract: METHODS
  Systematic review.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate effectiveness and adverse effects of botulinum toxin (BTX) for treatment of urinary incontinence (UI) due to detrusor overactivity (DO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trials published in English before November 2006 were included if they enrolled subjects with UI caused by DO and reported incontinence outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three trials totaling 104 subjects with DO refractory to antimuscarinic treatment were included. Two BTX-A trials enrolled primarily patients with NDO secondary to spinal cord injury (SCI) (93%). BTX-A decreased daily UI episodes compared to placebo but the reductions were only significantly different at a few of the time intervals during 24 weeks of follow-up. BTX-A was superior in reducing daily UI episodes in SCI subjects compared to intravesical resiniferatoxin at 12 and 18 months after injections. A small crossover study found BTX-B significantly more effective than placebo in reducing weekly UI episodes in subjects with predominately idiopathic DO. Adverse events (AEs) in BTX-A-treated subjects included urinary tract infection, pain at the injection site, hematuria and autonomic dysreflexia. Four subjects treated with BTX-B reported autonomic AEs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BTX may improve UI for subjects with refractory DO. The preferred dose and type of BTX is not known. Long-term efficacy and safety remain unclear and require conduct of larger RCT using standardized and validated clinical outcomes measures.
authors: Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research and the Cochrane Review Group in Prostate Diseases and Urologic Cancers (111-0), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1 Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: MacDonald
authors: H A
authors: HA
authors: Fink
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Huckabay
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Monga
authors: T J
authors: TJ
authors: Wilt
mesh_terms: D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000150:complications*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D001905:Botulinum Toxins