title: Treatment of oral erosive lichen planus with 1% pimecrolimus cream: a double-blind, randomized, prospective trial with measurement of pimecrolimus levels in the blood.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of 1% pimecrolimus cream in treating oral erosive lichen planus and to assess its tolerance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Double-blind randomized trial with placebo control.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatients of the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Nice, from December 21, 2004, to April 19, 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen consecutive patients with oral erosive lichen planus confirmed by histological examination and with a clinical score superior to 3. Of the 14 patients, 2 did not meet the inclusion criteria and 12 were enrolled in the trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  The intervention was 1% pimecrolimus cream or its vehicle, which was applied on ulcerated lesions twice a day for 4 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  The efficacy of the treatment was quantified using a 12-point clinical score. The blood level of pimecrolimus was analyzed on days 0 (baseline), 14, and 28.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the placebo group, the mean score was 4.67 on day 0 vs 3.33 on day 28 (P = .22). In the pimecrolimus group, the mean score was 6.83 on day 0 vs 3.33 on day 28 (P = .04). In the pimecrolimus group, blood concentrations of pimecrolimus were always above the threshold (mean value, 2.84 ng/mL; extreme values, 0-6.19 ng/mL). Pimecrolimus cream was well tolerated, and only transient burning sensations were reported by some subjects. Each of the patients in the pimecrolimus group whose condition improved subsequently relapsed when assessed 1 month after treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 1% pimecrolimus cream seems to be an effective and well-tolerated treatment for oral erosive lichen planus. The finding of systemic levels of pimecrolimus after mucosal applications necessitates long-term study because it seems that long-term application is required to maintain clinical improvement.
authors: Department of Dermatology, Archet 2 Hospital, University of Nice, Nice, France.
authors: Thierry
authors: T
authors: Passeron
authors: Jean-Philippe
authors: JP
authors: Lacour
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Fontas
authors: Jean-Paul
authors: JP
authors: Ortonne
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017676:Lichen Planus, Oral / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009824:Ointments; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D009824:Ointments; C117268:pimecrolimus; D016559:Tacrolimus