title: Implementation and refinement of a problem-based learning model: a ten-year experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of a problem-based learning (PBL) model implemented in 1995 at the University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The third-professional (P3) year curriculum was reoriented from a faculty-centered model of teaching to a student-centered model of learning. Didactic lectures and structured classroom time were diminished. Small student groups were organized and a faculty facilitator monitored each group's discussions and provided individual student assessments. At the end of each 8-week block, students were assessed on group participation, disease and drug content knowledge, and problem-solving abilities. Faculty and student input was solicited at the end of each year to aid programmatic improvement. In 2000, a formal 5-year review of the PBL program was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recommendations for improvement included clarifying course objectives, adopting a peer-review process for examination materials, refining the group assessment instruments, and providing an opportunity for student remediation after a course was failed. A weekly case conference presided over by a faculty content expert was also recommended. Ongoing critical evaluation during the following 5-year period was provided by graduates of the program, faculty participants, and accreditation reviews.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Over our 10-year experience with a PBL model of P3 education, we found that although the initial challenges of increased demands on personnel and teaching space were easily overcome, student acceptance of the program depended on their acknowledgment of the practical benefits of active learning and on the value afforded their input on curricular development.
authors: School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Washington, DC 20002, USA. laross@pharmacy.umsmed.edu
authors: Leigh Ann
authors: LA
authors: Ross
authors: Brian L
authors: BL
authors: Crabtree
authors: Gary D
authors: GD
authors: Theilman
authors: Brendan S
authors: BS
authors: Ross
authors: John D
authors: JD
authors: Cleary
authors: H Joseph
authors: HJ
authors: Byrd
mesh_terms: D003479:Curriculum / Q000639:trends; D004512:Education, Pharmacy / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D017145:Models, Educational; D018794:Problem-Based Learning / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D013339:Students, Pharmacy; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends