title: Histologic characteristics and prognostic significance in small hepatocellular carcinoma with biliary differentiation: subdivision and comparison with ordinary hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: The morphologic characteristics and biologic behavior of small liver cancers with hepatic and biliary differentiation, and their histogenesis, remain unclear. In this study, 35 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) smaller than 3 cm in diameter with biliary differentiation were divided into 3 groups, group 1 [cytokeratin (CK) 19-negative/mucin-negative], group 2 (CK 19-positive/mucin-negative), and group 3 (CK 19-positive/mucin-positive). Sixty-one HCCs without biliary differentiation were used as controls. We compared the histologic features of these tumors and the postoperative outcomes. Three morphologic features of HCCs with biliary differentiation were respectively observed in 40% (14/35), 60% (21/35), and 42.9% (15/35) as follows: (1) cancer cells with intermediate morphology, (2) prominent inflammatory cell infiltrate, (3) desmoplastic stroma; neural cell adhesion molecule and c-kit expression were noted in 25.7%(9/35) and 8.6%(3/35), respectively. Extrahepatic tumor recurrence after surgery occurred in 0% (0/16) of group 1, 33.3% (3/9) of group 2, 40.0% (4/10) of group 3, and 8.2% (5/61) of the ordinary HCCs. The tumor-related survival of group 3 patients was worse than that of patients with ordinary HCCs, but there were no differences between the survival of group 1, or group 2 patients and those with ordinary HCCs. Our results suggest that the biliary differentiation does occur even in small HCC, and a mucin-producing cancer cells indicates aggressive tumor behavior. The combination of intermediate cancer cells, inflammatory cell infiltrate, and desmoplastic stroma is likely to be related to the biliary differentiation of HCC.
authors: Department of Pathology, Hamanomachi, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors: Shinichi
authors: S
authors: Aishima
authors: Yunosuke
authors: Y
authors: Nishihara
authors: Yousuke
authors: Y
authors: Kuroda
authors: Kenichi
authors: K
authors: Taguchi
authors: Tomohiro
authors: T
authors: Iguchi
authors: Akinobu
authors: A
authors: Taketomi
authors: Yoshihiko
authors: Y
authors: Maehara
authors: Masazumi
authors: M
authors: Tsuneyoshi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D053539:Keratin-19 / Q000378:metabolism; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009077:Mucins / Q000378:metabolism; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D053539:Keratin-19; D009077:Mucins