title: C-reactive protein is directly related to plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) levels in diabetic subjects with the 4G allele at position -675 of the PAI-1 gene.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  C-reactive protein (CRP) has been identified as a possible factor able to promote atherosclerosis. "In vitro" studies have demonstrated that CRP induces plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) expression, suggesting a hypofibrinolytic role for CRP. As CRP and PAI-1 levels increase in type 2 diabetic subjects, we decided to study the relationship between CRP and PAI-1, and the role of the 4G/5G polymorphism of the PAI-1 gene on this relationship in a diabetic population without complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and ninety-five type 2 diabetic patients (age 60.9+/-10.5 years) and 290 healthy controls (age 59.2+/-11.5 years) were enrolled. A significant correlation between PAI-1 and CRP in diabetic subjects was found (r=0.45, p<0.001), whereas no relationship was evident in the control subjects between these inflammatory markers. Multiple regression analysis highlighted that CRP is the only one significant variable of PAI-1 antigen in diabetic subjects (partial r=0.31, p<0.01). Stratifying by genotype, a positive correlation between PAI-1 and CRP in 4G/4G (partial r=0.64 p<0.001) and 4G/5G (partial r=0.47, p<0.001) subjects was found, whereas no correlation in 5G/5G was present. Multiple regression analysis confirmed the presence of this correlation in 4G/4G (partial r=0.45, p<0.001) and in 4G/5G (partial r=0.34, p=0.007) diabetic patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrate that CRP plays an important role in the complex mechanism regulating PAI-1 antigen in 4G diabetic carriers.
authors: Department of Gerontological Research, Diabetology Unit, INRCA Hospital, Via della Montagnola 81, I-60131 Ancona, Italy. r.testa@inrca.it
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Testa
authors: A R
authors: AR
authors: Bonfigli
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Sirolla
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Marra
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Boemi
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Mari
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Sacchi
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Dolci
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Catalano
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Procopio
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Ceriello
mesh_terms: D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D002097:C-Reactive Protein