title: [New agreement in assessing vertical cup: disc ratio using a 78D lens with slit-lamp eyepiece measuring graticule].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the inter-observer agreement in assessing vertical cup: disc ratio (VCDR) by using 78D lens with slit-lamp eyepiece measuring graticule (SLMP) and direct ophthalmoscope with standard photo (DOSP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred and seventy-seven eyes of 257 subjects form one random selected community districts were examined. Two observers performed clinical estimations of VCDR. The cup to disc ratio (CDR) was assessed by slit-lamp biomicroscopy using a 78D lens and measuring eyepiece graticule (SLMP) and also by direct ophthalmoscope with standard photo (DOSP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 95% limits of agreement on VCDR between observers was -2.2 to approximately +2.8 for SLMG, and -3.3 to approximately +3.8 for DOSP. DOSP method consistently overestimates the VCDR compared with the SLMG. The inter-observer agreements on disc and cup diameter estimation using SLMP were -4.3 to approximately +4.5, -7.2 to approximately +6.2 units respectively. The bias was not proportional to VCDR level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  78D lens with slit-lamp eyepiece measuring graticule has a smaller inter-observer variability compared with direct ophthalmoscope with standard photo. This method is a more repeatable and cost-effective method of optic disc estimation in clinical and screening assessment.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510060, China.
authors: Yingfeng
authors: Y
authors: Zheng
authors: Mingguang
authors: M
authors: He
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007909:Lenses; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D019721:Ophthalmoscopes; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D009898:Optic Disk