title: Tioman virus infection in experimentally infected mouse brain and its association with apoptosis.
abstract: Tioman virus is a newly described bat-urine derived paramyxovirus isolated in Tioman Island, Malaysia in 2001. Hitherto, neither human nor animal infection by this virus has been reported. Nonetheless, its close relationship to another paramyxovirus, the Menangle virus which had caused diseases in humans and pigs [Philbey, A.W., Kirkland, P.D., Ross, A.D., Davis, R.J., Gleeson, A.B., Love, R.J., Daniels, P.W., Gould, A.R., Hyatt, A.D., 1998. An apparently new virus (family Paramyxoviridae) infectious for pigs, humans, and fruit bats. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 4, 269-271], raises the possibility that it may be potentially pathogenic. In this study, mice were experimentally infected with Tioman virus by intraperitoneal and intracerebral routes, and the cellular targets and topographical distribution of viral genome and antigens were examined using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The possible association between viral infection and apoptosis was also investigated using the TUNEL assay and immunohistochemistry to FasL, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Caspase-9 and bcl-2. The results showed that Tioman virus inoculated intracerebrally was neurotropic causing plaque-like necrotic areas, and appeared to preferentially replicate in the neocortex and limbic system. Viral infection of inflammatory cells was also demonstrated. TUNEL and Caspase-3 positivity was found in inflammatory cells but not in neurons, while FasL, Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 were consistently negative. This suggests that neuronal infection was associated with necrosis rather than apoptosis. Moreover, the data suggest that there may be an association between viral infection and apoptosis in inflammatory cells, and that it could, at least in part, involve Caspase-independent pathways. Bcl-2 was expressed in some neurons and inflammatory cells indicating its possible role in anti-apoptosis. There was no evidence of central nervous system infection via the intraperitoneal route.
authors: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: Koon Chu
authors: KC
authors: Yaiw
authors: Kien Chai
authors: KC
authors: Ong
authors: Kaw Bing
authors: KB
authors: Chua
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Bingham
authors: Linfa
authors: L
authors: Wang
authors: Devi
authors: D
authors: Shamala
authors: Kum Thong
authors: KT
authors: Wong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D017209:Apoptosis; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D020169:Caspases / Q000032:analysis; D002525:Cerebellar Cortex / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein / Q000032:analysis; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008032:Limbic System / Q000821:virology; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009336:Necrosis; D010252:Paramyxoviridae / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D018184:Paramyxoviridae Infections / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000032:analysis; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; C505658:Fasl protein, mouse; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins; D020169:Caspases