title: Objective quantification of global and regional left ventricular systolic function by endocardial tracking of contrast echocardiographic sequences.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Echocardiographic assessment of LV wall motion is still most frequently done visually. This study was designed to validate a new system for semi-automatic quantification of global and regional LV systolic function from contrast-enhanced cross-sectional echocardiograms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measurements of LV volumes were validated in 50 patients using magnetic resonance (MR) as reference. The regional identification of the endocardial boundary was validated frame-by-frame against the visually identified border in another 27 patients. Finally, the applicability of the system for quantifying stress-echocardiographic exams was assessed in 52 patients undergoing dobutamine interventions. Echocardiographic sequences were digitally processed using custom-built algorithms, based on local phase feature descriptors, deformable contour fitting, and prospective training.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to MR, the tracing system showed reasonable accuracy, with relative errors for end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and EF of 21+/-20%, 27+/-33%, and--4+/-18%, respectively. Regional agreement of the instantaneous contours with visually traced borders was within the limits of visual reproducibility. The system was suitable for tracking stress-echo studies from all patients except two (96%). Quantification of regional radial shortening allowed to discriminate segments showing an abnormal regional wall motion with an overall area under the ROC curve of 0.87.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A reliable and accurate quantification of LV systolic function can be obtained by processing contrast echocardiograms. Values of LV volumes, ejection fraction, and regional endocardial shortening adequately correlate with currently available reference methods. Readily applicable to baseline and stress studies, endocardial tracking techniques increase the reliability of echocardiography for the assessment of global and regional systolic function.
authors: Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain. javbermejo@jet.es
authors: Javier
authors: J
authors: Bermejo
authors: Jonathan
authors: J
authors: Timperley
authors: Rodolfo G
authors: RG
authors: Odreman
authors: Miguel
authors: M
authors: Mulet
authors: J Alison
authors: JA
authors: Noble
authors: Adrian P
authors: AP
authors: Banning
authors: Raquel
authors: R
authors: Yotti
authors: Esther
authors: E
authors: Pérez-David
authors: Jérôme
authors: J
authors: Declerck
authors: Harald
authors: H
authors: Becher
authors: Miguel A
authors: MA
authors: García-Fernández
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000418:Albumins; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003287:Contrast Media; D004452:Echocardiography; D004699:Endocardium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D016015:Logistic Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010743:Phospholipids; D012372:ROC Curve; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride; D013599:Systole / Q000502:physiology; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D003287:Contrast Media; C099458:FS 069; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D010743:Phospholipids; C420843:contrast agent BR1; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride