title: Glutathione is recruited into the nucleus in early phases of cell proliferation.
abstract: We have studied the possible correlation between nuclear glutathione distribution and the progression of the cell cycle. The former was studied by confocal microscopy using 5-chloromethyl fluorescein diacetate and the latter by flow cytometry and protein expression of Id2 and p107. In proliferating cells, when 41% of them were in the S+G(2)/M phase of the cell cycle GSH was located mainly in the nucleus. When cells reached confluence (G(0)/G(1)) GSH was localized in the cytoplasm with a perinuclear distribution. The nucleus/cytoplasm fluorescence ratio for GSH reached a maximal mean value of 4.2 +/- 0.8 at 6 h after cell plating. A ratio higher than 2 was maintained during exponential cell growth. In the G(0)/G(1) phase of the cell cycle, the nucleus/cytoplasm GSH ratio decreased to values close to 1. We report here that cells concentrate GSH in the nucleus in the early phases of cell growth, when most of the cells are in an active division phase, and that GSH redistributes uniformly between the nucleus and the cytoplasm when cells reach confluence.
authors: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
authors: Jelena
authors: J
authors: Markovic
authors: Consuelo
authors: C
authors: Borrás
authors: Angel
authors: A
authors: Ortega
authors: Juan
authors: J
authors: Sastre
authors: José
authors: J
authors: Viña
authors: Federico V
authors: FV
authors: Pallardó
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D051797:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D050720:Retinoblastoma-Like Protein p107 / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: C497452:Idb2 protein, mouse; D051797:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 2; C489485:Rbl1 protein, mouse; D050720:Retinoblastoma-Like Protein p107; D005978:Glutathione