title: Affinity of antigen encounter and other early B-cell signals determine B-cell fate.
abstract: Three possible effector fates await the naïve follicular B cell following antigen stimulation in thymus-dependent reactions. Short-lived plasma cells produce an initial burst of germline-encoded protective antibodies, and long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells arise from the germinal center and function to enhance and sustain the humoral immune response. The inherent B-cell receptor affinity of naïve follicular B cells and the contribution of other early B-cell signals pre-determines the pattern of transcription factor expression and the differentiation path taken by these cells. High initial B-cell receptor affinity shunts naïve follicular B-cell clones towards the short-lived plasma cell fate, whereas modest-affinity clones are skewed towards a plasma cell fate and low-affinity clones are recruited into the germinal center and are selected for both long-lived plasma cells and memory B cell pathways. In the germinal center reaction, increased levels of the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor-4 drive the molecular program that dictates differentiation into the long-lived plasma cell phenotype but has no impact on the memory B cell compartment. We hypothesize that graded interferon regulatory factor-4 levels driven by signals to B cells, including B-cell receptor signal strength, are responsible for this branch point in the B-cell terminal differentiation pathway.
authors: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
authors: Micah J
authors: MJ
authors: Benson
authors: Loren D
authors: LD
authors: Erickson
authors: Michael W
authors: MW
authors: Gleeson
authors: Randolph J
authors: RJ
authors: Noelle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000915:Antibody Affinity; D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D016175:B-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology*; D019070:Cell Lineage; D006801:Humans; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D018448:Models, Immunological; D011947:Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D019013:CD40 Antigens; D011947:Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell