title: The effect of povidone iodine flush versus drops on conjunctival colonization before intravitreal injections.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine the most effective method of applying povidone iodine 5% to decrease conjunctival colonization before intravitreal injections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight patients from two tertiary care centers undergoing intravitreal injection for diffuse diabetic macular edema, exudative age-related macular degeneration, venous occlusive disease, or refractory pseudophakic cystoid macular edema were prospectively randomized to two study arms. One arm received 2-3 drops of 5% povidone iodine (drops group) and the second received a 10 ml flush of the same solution (flush group). The inferior conjunctival fornix was cultured before and after antiseptic technique was performed in all patients. Three culture media, thioglycollate broth, chocolate agar and blood agar, were used for each sample.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Each study group had 14 patients. Prior to antisepsis, 22 of the 28 (78.6%) subjects had positive conjunctival cultures. 16 and 14 bacterial organisms were isolated in the first and second groups, respectively. After using 2-3 drops of 5% povidone iodine in the first study arm of patients, three of 16 (18.7% reduction) bacterial organisms were no longer isolated in thioglycollate broth media. With flush irrigation of 10 ml of 5% povidone iodine, seven of 14 (50% reduction) bacterial organisms were no longer isolated (P-value 0.07) in broth media. No difference in reduction of bacterial colonization was found on plated media (chocolate agar and blood agar).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Irrigating the conjunctival fornix with 5% povidone iodine results in greater reduction of bacterial colonization compared with drop application of the same solution. Flush irrigation may provide better protection against the risk of endophthalmitis with intravitreal injections.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Jones Eye Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, Slot 523, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA. safarammar@uams.edu
authors: Ammar
authors: A
authors: Safar
authors: Monica C
authors: MC
authors: Dellimore
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000382:microbiology*; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011206:Povidone-Iodine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014822:Vitreous Body
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011206:Povidone-Iodine; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide