title: Digital mammography: comparative performance of color LCD and monochrome CRT displays.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the comparative performance of high-fidelity liquid crystal display (LCD) and cathode ray tube (CRT) devices for mammography applications, and to assess the impact of LCD viewing angle on detection accuracy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety 1 k x 1 k images were selected from a database of digital mammograms: 30 without any abnormality present, 30 with subtle masses, and 30 with subtle microcalcifications. The images were used with waived informed consent, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliance, and Institutional Review Board approval. With postprocessing presentation identical to those of the commercial mammography system used, 1 k x 1 k sections of images were viewed on a monochrome CRT and a color LCD in native grayscale, and with a grayscale representative of images viewed from a 30 degrees or 50 degrees off-normal viewing angle. Randomized images were independently scored by four experienced breast radiologists for the presence of lesions using a 0-100 grading scale. To compare diagnostic performance of the display modes, observer scores were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For masses and microcalcifications, the detection rate in terms of the area under the ROC curve (A(z)) showed a 2% increase and a 4% decrease from CRT to LCD, respectively. However, differences were not statistically significant (P > .05). The viewing angle data showed better microcalcification detection but lower mass detection at 30 degrees viewing orientation. The overall results varied notably from observer to observer yielding no statistically discernible trends across all observers, suggesting that within the 0-50 degrees viewing angle range and in a controlled observer experiment, the variation in the contrast response of the LCD has little or no impact on the detection of mammographic lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although CRTs and LCDs differ in terms of angular response, resolution, noise, and color, these characteristics seem to have little influence on the detection of mammographic lesions. The results suggest comparable performance in clinical applications of the two devices.
authors: Duke Advanced Imaging Laboratories, Departments of Radiology Physics and Biomedical Engineering, and Medical Physics Graduate Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA. samei@duke.edu
authors: Ehsan
authors: E
authors: Samei
authors: Ananth
authors: A
authors: Poolla
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Ulissey
authors: John M
authors: JM
authors: Lewin
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003626:Data Display; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050866:Liquid Crystals; D008327:Mammography / Q000379:methods*; D012372:ROC Curve; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement; D014584:User-Computer Interface