title: Ursodeoxycholic acid versus sulfasalazine in colitis-related colon carcinogenesis in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inflammation influences carcinogenesis. In the current study, we investigated whether ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) can inhibit colitis-related mouse colon carcinogenesis and compared it with the effects of sulfasalazine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male CD-1 mice were given a single i.p. injection of azoxymethane followed by 1-week oral exposure of 1% dextran sodium sulfate in drinking water. They are then maintained on a basal diet mixed with UDCA (0.016%, 0.08%, or 0.4%) or sulfasalazine (0.05%) for 17 weeks. At week 20, the tumor-inhibitory effects of both chemicals were assessed by counting the incidence and multiplicity of colonic neoplasms. The immunohistochemical expression of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index in colonic epithelial malignancies was also assessed. Finally, at week 5, the mRNA expressions for cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were measured in nontumorous mucosa.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Feeding the mice with UDCA at all doses significantly inhibited the multiplicity of colonic adenocarcinoma. The treatment also significantly lowered the proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index in the colonic malignancies. UDCA feeding reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA in the colonic mucosa, while not significantly affecting the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma mRNA. Sulfasalazine caused a nonsignificant reduction in the incidence and multiplicity of colonic neoplasia and did not affect these mRNA expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that UDCA rather than sulfasalazine could serve as an effective suppressing agent in colitis-related colon cancer development in mice.
authors: Department of Oncologic Pathology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan. h-kohno@kanazawa-med.ac.jp
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Kohno
authors: Rikako
authors: R
authors: Suzuki
authors: Yumiko
authors: Y
authors: Yasui
authors: Shingo
authors: S
authors: Miyamoto
authors: Keiji
authors: K
authors: Wakabayashi
authors: Takuji
authors: T
authors: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D001397:Azoxymethane / Q000633:toxicity; D003092:Colitis / Q000150:complications*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D012460:Sulfasalazine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012460:Sulfasalazine; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D001397:Azoxymethane