title: Limiting sarcolemmal Na+ entry during resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation prevents excess mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation and attenuates myocardial injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  intracellular Na+ accumulation during ischemia and reperfusion leads to cytosolic Ca2+ overload through reverse-mode operation of the sarcolemmal Na+ -Ca2+ exchanger. Cytosolic Ca2+ accumulation promotes mitochondrial Ca2+ (Ca2+ m) overload, leading to mitochondrial injury. We investigated whether limiting sarcolemmal Na+ entry during resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation (VF) attenuates Ca2+ m overload and lessens myocardial dysfunction in a rat model of VF and closed-chest resuscitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  hearts were harvested from 10 groups of 6 rats each representing baseline, 15 min of untreated VF, 15 min of VF with chest compression given for the last 5 min (VF/CC), and 60 min postresuscitation (PR). VF/CC and PR included four groups each randomized to receive before starting chest compression the new NHE-1 inhibitor AVE4454B (1.0 mg/kg), the Na+ channel blocker lidocaine (5.0 mg/kg), their combination, or vehicle control. The left ventricle was processed for intracellular Na+ and Ca2+ m measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  limiting sarcolemmal Na+ entry attenuated cytosolic Na+ increase during VF/CC and the PR phase and prevented Ca2+ m overload yielding levels that corresponded to 77% and 71% of control hearts at VF/CC and PR, without differences among specific Na+ -limiting interventions. Limiting sarcolemmal Na+ entry attenuated reductions in left ventricular compliance during VF and prompted higher mean aortic pressure (110 +/- 7 vs. 95 +/- 11 mmHg, P < 0.001) and higher cardiac work index (159 +/- 34 vs. 126 +/- 29 g x m x min(-1) x kg(-1), P < 0.05) with lesser increases in circulating cardiac troponin I at 60 min PR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Na+ -limiting interventions prevented excess Ca2+ m accumulation induced by ischemia and reperfusion and ameliorated myocardial injury and dysfunction.
authors: Department of Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors: Sufen
authors: S
authors: Wang
authors: Jeejabai
authors: J
authors: Radhakrishnan
authors: Iyad M
authors: IM
authors: Ayoub
authors: Julieta D
authors: JD
authors: Kolarova
authors: Domenico M
authors: DM
authors: Taglieri
authors: Raúl J
authors: RJ
authors: Gazmuri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000378:metabolism; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012107:Research Design; D012151:Resuscitation; D012508:Sarcolemma / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000074082:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 1; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism; D019210:Troponin I / Q000097:blood; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; C452850:Slc9a1 protein, rat; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers; D000074082:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 1; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; D019210:Troponin I; D008012:Lidocaine; D012964:Sodium; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D002118:Calcium