title: An in vitro study of the effect of some dietary components on calculus formation: regulation of calcium phosphate precipitation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied the effects of food components on the in vitro formation of calcium phosphate precipitates.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of food components, such as starch, soybean flour, fish meal, rapeseed oil, and coconut oil, on calcium phosphate precipitation were studied using a pH drop method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although the addition of starch had no effect on the rate of precipitation of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), it increased both the rate of transformation of ACP to hydroxyapatite (HAP) and the induction time (i.e. time for the initiation of transformation of ACP to HAP to occur); this was irrespective of the heat treatment of the starch. Amylopectin (insoluble constituent of starch) was effective in increasing the rate of HAP transformation, but amylose (soluble constituent of starch) was not. Oil specimen obtained from rapeseed (400 microl ml(-1)) increased the entire reaction of calcium phosphate precipitation, but that from coconut did not. Protein food, such as soybean flour and fish meal, decreased the rate of transformation of ACP to HAP and increased the induction time, while they had no effect on the rate of ACP precipitation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that carbohydrate and oil (both are staple diets for the humans) enhance oral calcification (dental calculus formation or re-mineralization of tooth enamel), while side dishes of protein food would decrease it.
authors: Department of Dental Hygiene, Fukuoka College of Health Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan. sabrnrn@college.fdcnet.ac.jp
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Hidaka
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Oishi
mesh_terms: D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D003728:Dental Calculus / Q000378:metabolism*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005396:Fish Products / Q000009:adverse effects; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000378:metabolism; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000378:metabolism; D013025:Glycine max / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013213:Starch / Q000378:metabolism; D014074:Tooth Calcification / Q000502:physiology*; D014089:Tooth Remineralization
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; D010938:Plant Oils; C519480:amorphous calcium phosphate; D013213:Starch