title: [Survey of nerve injury associated with epidural/spinal anesthesia in Japan which occurred in the year 2004].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of nerve injury associated with epidural/spinal anesthesia has not been sufficiently investigated in Japan.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The incidence of nerve injury caused by inappropriate epidural/spinal puncture or catheter placement was examined using data obtained by a survey conducted by the Japanese Society of Anesthesiologists for the year 2004.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a survey for the year 2004, 1,218,371 anesthetic procedures were registered, among which 548,819 patients were estimated to be anesthetized under epidural/spinal procedures with or without general anesthesia. Twenty nine patients were reported to have incurred nerve injury due to inappropriate epidural/spinal puncture or catheter placement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven cases of spinal cord and 22 cases of peripheral nerve injury were reported, with estimated incidences of 1/78,000 and 1/25,000 procedures, respectively. Spinal cord injury developed before the start of surgery in 4 cases, intraoperatively in 1 case, and after the end of surgery in 2 cases. Permanent nerve damage developed in 4 patients with spinal cord injury and 7 patients with peripheral nerve injury. Eighty three percent of these events were reported to be preventable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of nerve injury caused by regional anesthesia in Japan seems to be comparable to those reported in the developed countries. To reduce the incidence of this complication, cautious evaluation of the risk/benefit balance in performing regional anesthesia, improving education and supervision of the procedures, and establishing better communication between anesthesiologists and surgeons concerning the timing of catheter removal and the postoperative coagulation state seem to be important.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka.
authors: Kazuo
authors: K
authors: Irita
authors: Hideki
authors: H
authors: Nakatsuka
authors: Koichi
authors: K
authors: Tsuzaki
authors: Tomohiro
authors: T
authors: Sawa
authors: Michiyoshi
authors: M
authors: Sanuki
authors: Koshi
authors: K
authors: Makita
authors: Kiyoshi
authors: K
authors: Morita
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D019990:Perioperative Care; D059348:Peripheral Nerve Injuries; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013129:Spinal Puncture / Q000009:adverse effects; D013997:Time Factors