Correlates for disease progression and prognosis during concurrent HIV/TB infection.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are both life-threatening pathogens in their own right, but their synergic effects on the immune system during co-infection markedly enhance their effect on the host. This review focuses on the bidirectional interaction between HIV and Mtb and discusses the relevance of sputum smear examination, CD4+ counts, viral load at baseline and after initiation of anti-retroviral therapy, as well as additional existing and new potential immune correlates of disease progression and prognosis. These markers include beta2-microglobulin, neopterin, tumor necrosis factor receptor II (TNFRII), CD8+/CD38+, soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and CXCL10 (or IP-10).
Djoba Siawaya
Joel Fleury
JF
Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, DST/NRF Center of Excellence in Biomedical TB Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa. joe@sun.ac.za
Ruhwald
Morten
M
Eugen-Olsen
Jesper
J
Walzl
Gerhard
G
D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018450:Disease Progression; D006678:HIV / Q000276:immunology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology*; D011379:Prognosis; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*
D016207:Cytokines