Hypoxia, gene expression, and metastasis.
Hypoxia poses many problems to the treatment of cancer. Hypoxic tumors are more resistant to chemotherapy and radiation. In addition, hypoxia induces a number of genes responsible for increased invasion, aggressiveness, and metastasis of tumors. The augmented metastatic potential due to hypoxia-mediated gene expression is discussed in this section. Particular attention is given to recent studies of specific genes involved in the key steps of metastasis, including extracellular matrix interactions, migration, and proliferation.
Chan
Denise A
DA
Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Cancer and Radiation Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5152, USA.
Giaccia
Amato J
AJ
D002455:Cell Division; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002465:Cell Movement; D002470:Cell Survival; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000235:genetics*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic
C526317:CCN2 protein, human; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor