title: Detection of micrometastases in the sentinel lymph nodes of patients with endometrial cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the utility of sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping for the detection of endometrial carcinoma micrometastases. We reevaluated the accuracy of our SLN detection procedure, this time combining step-serial section with cytokeratin immunostaining.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between March 2002 and March 2005, consecutive patients undergoing laparotomy (total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, total pelvic lymphadenectomy and para-aortic lymphadenectomy to the level of renal veins) with SLN biopsy for endometrial cancer at Tohoku University Hospital were enrolled in this study. Excluded were patients in whom lymph node metastases were detected by routine histological examination or those without detectable SLNs. All surgically removed lymph nodes, including SLNs, were examined histopathologically by immunohistochemistry staining with an anti-cytokeratin antibody (AE1/AE3) combined with step-serial sectioning at 200-500 microm intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four of seventy-four SLNs (5%) obtained from 20 patients had micrometastases or isolated tumor cells (ITC). In contrast, only 4 of the 1350 non-SLNs obtained from 20 patients (0.3%) had detectable micrometastases. The micrometastases were detected in the external iliac basin (two cases) and in the para-aortic area (two cases). The isolated tumor cell was detected in the external iliac basin (one case).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SLNs detected by our method had micrometastases more frequently than did non-SLNs. Easy detection of micrometastases by immunostaining is only possible with step-serial sectioning of the SLNs.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Sendai 980-8574, Japan. niikura@mail.tains.tohoku.ac.jp
authors: Hitoshi
authors: H
authors: Niikura
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Okamoto
authors: Kosuke
authors: K
authors: Yoshinaga
authors: Satoru
authors: S
authors: Nagase
authors: Tadao
authors: T
authors: Takano
authors: Kiyoshi
authors: K
authors: Ito
authors: Nobuo
authors: N
authors: Yaegashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D010052:Ovariectomy; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods*