title: Human pluripotent embryonal carcinoma NTERA2 cl.D1 cells maintain their typical morphology in an angiomyogenic medium.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pluripotent embryonal carcinomas are good potential models, to study, "in vitro," the mechanisms that control differentiation during embryogenesis. The NTERA2cl.D1 (NT2/D1) cell line is a well known system of ectodermal differentiation. Retinoic acid (RA) induces a dorsal pattern of differentiation (essentially neurons) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) or hexamethylenebisacetamide (HMBA) induces a more ventral (epidermal) pattern of differentiation. However, whether these human cells could give rise to mesoderm derivatives as their counterpart in mouse remained elusive. We analyzed the morphological characteristics and transcriptional activation of genes pertinent in cardiac muscle and endothelium differentiation, during the growth of NT2/D1 cells in an inductive angiomyogenic medium with or without Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our experiments showed that NT2/D1 maintains their typical actin organization in angiomyogenic medium. Although the beta myosin heavy chain gene was never detected, all the other 15 genes analyzed maintained their expression throughout the time course of the experiment. Among them were early and late cardiac, endothelial, neuronal and teratocarcinoma genes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that despite the NT2/D1 cells natural tendency to differentiate into neuroectodermal lineages, they can activate genes of mesodermal lineages. Therefore, we believe that these pluripotent cells might still be a good model to study biological development of mesodermal derivatives, provided the right culture conditions are met.
authors: Instituto de Tecnologia Biomédica, Laboratório de Biomateriais, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade de Lisboa, Cidade Universitária, Lisbon, Portugal. pedrodanielsim@yahoo.co.uk
authors: Pedro D
authors: PD
authors: Simões
authors: Teresa
authors: T
authors: Ramos
mesh_terms: D018236:Carcinoma, Embryonal / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003470:Culture Media; D006801:Humans; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media