title: Double-stranded RNA induces galectin-9 in vascular endothelial cells: involvement of TLR3, PI3K, and IRF3 pathway.
abstract: Galectin-9 is a member of the galectin family, which induces various biological reactions such as chemotaxis of eosinophils and apoptosis of T cells. We previously reported that polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly IC), an authentic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), induces the expression of galectin-9 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In the present study, we addressed the possible involvement of two potential receptors for dsRNA, Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 and retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I), in the expression of galectin-9 in HUVECs. Poly IC-induced galectin-9 expression was almost completely suppressed by RNA interference (RNAi) against TLR3, but not against RIG-I. LY294002, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), inhibited the induction of galectin-9 by poly IC. RNAi against interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) also inhibited poly IC-induced galectin-9 expression. We conclude that TLR3, PI3K, and IRF3 are involved in the poly IC-induced galectin-9 expression in HUVECs.
authors: Department of Vascular Biology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan. timaizum@cc.hirosaki-u.ac.jp
authors: Tadaatsu
authors: T
authors: Imaizumi
authors: Hidemi
authors: H
authors: Yoshida
authors: Nozomu
authors: N
authors: Nishi
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Sashinami
authors: Takanori
authors: T
authors: Nakamura
authors: Mitsuomi
authors: M
authors: Hirashima
authors: Chikara
authors: C
authors: Ohyama
authors: Ken
authors: K
authors: Itoh
authors: Kei
authors: K
authors: Satoh
mesh_terms: D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D037161:Galectins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D050838:Interferon Regulatory Factor-3 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D034622:RNA Interference; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded / Q000737:chemistry*; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002867:Chromones; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D037161:Galectins; C494232:IRF3 protein, human; D050838:Interferon Regulatory Factor-3; C105032:LGALS9 protein, human; D009025:Morpholines; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases