title: [Endoscopic endonasal surgery for clival tumor].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review our experience with endoscopic endonasal approach for surgical management of clival tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four patients with clival tumors treated by endoscopic endonasal surgery between August 2002 and November 2005 were studied prospectively. The operative technique was described in detail. There were 5 chordoma, 2 ossifying fibroma, 1 meningioma, 1 craniopharyngioma, 1 hemangioblastoma, 6 squamous cancer, 2 chondrosarcoma, 2 chondrosarcoma, 1 lymphoma, 1 malignant giant cell tumor and 2 metastatic carcinoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total tumor removal was obtained in 22 cases, subtotal removal in 2 case. Follow-up ranged 12 to 51 months. Three patients dead. Five patients with total removal recurred, one of them dead. Two patients with subtotal removal dead, one with chondrosarcoma and one with chordoma. The complications included subarachnoid hemorrhage in 1 patient, and transient cerebrospinal leakage in 2 cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of nasoendoscopy to perform clival tumor surgery is not only limited to the minimally invasive aspect, it also provides better visualization of deeper structures in the skull base, provides the ability to 'look around corners' and wide exposed field. This approach permits us to manage clival lesions properly.
authors: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing 100053, China. zhangqiuhang@yahoo.com.cn
authors: Qiu-hang
authors: QH
authors: Zhang
authors: Feng
authors: F
authors: Kong
authors: Bo
authors: B
authors: Yan
authors: Zhi-li
authors: ZL
authors: Ni
authors: Hai-li
authors: HL
authors: Lü
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003388:Cranial Fossa, Posterior / Q000601:surgery; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009666:Nose / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019292:Skull Base Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult