title: Electronic mosquito repellents for preventing mosquito bites and malaria infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Electronic mosquito repellents (EMRs) are marketed to prevent mosquitoes biting and to prevent malaria.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether EMRs prevent mosquito bites, and to assess any evidence of an effect on malaria infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  In August 2006, we searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, and the Science Citation Index. We also checked conference proceedings, contacted international specialist centres and EMR manufacturers, and checked reference lists.
  
  
  METHODS
  Field entomological studies, which controlled for geographic site, time, and attractiveness of human participants, of EMRs for preventing mosquito bites; and randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials of EMRs to prevent malaria infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two authors assessed trial quality, and extracted and analysed the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten field entomological studies met the inclusion criteria. All 10 studies found that there was no difference in the number of mosquitoes caught from the bare body parts of the human participants with or without an EMR. No randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of EMR on malaria infection were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Field entomological studies confirm that EMRs have no effect on preventing mosquito bites. Therefore there is no justification for marketing them to prevent malaria infection.
authors: Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Medical Entomology, School of Public Health and Environmental Health Research Centre, KM 18 Khazarabad Road, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran, 48175-1553. tmaae@liverpool.ac.uk;
authors: A A
authors: AA
authors: Enayati
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Hemingway
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Garner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles; D004581:Electronics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008288:Malaria / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011156:Population Density