title: Dual effect of AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist, on bleomycin-induced lung inflammation.
abstract: The chemokine receptor CXCR4, which binds the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1, has been reported to be involved in the chemotaxis of inflammatory cells. In addition, AMD3100, an antagonist of CXCR4, has been reported to be an attractive drug candidate for therapeutic intervention in several disorders in which CXCR4 is critically involved. However, little is known about the therapeutic value of AMD3100 in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, we examined the effects of AMD3100 on a murine bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model. Concurrent administration of AMD3100 and bleomycin apparently attenuated bleomycin-induced pulmonary inflammation. In this process, an inhibition of neutrophil recruitment at early stage followed by the decrease of other inflammatory cell recruitment in the lung were observed. In addition, it also inhibited the expression of cytokines, including MCP-1, MIP-2, MIP-1alpha, and TGF-beta. In contrast, when AMD3100 was administered following bleomycin treatment, the bleomycin-induced lung inflammation progressed and resulted in severe pulmonary fibrosis. In this process, an increase of inflammatory cell recruitment, an up-regulation of lung MCP-1 and TGF-beta, and a remarkable activation of p44/42 MAPK in neutrophils were observed. U0126, an inhibitor of p44/42 MAPK, significantly abolished these effects. Thus, AMD3100 has dual effect on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Difference of inflammatory cell recruitment and activation might be associated with the dual effect of AMD3100 on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
authors: Division of Respiratory Medicine, Respiratory and Stress Care Center, Kagoshima University Hospital, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
authors: Masaki
authors: M
authors: Watanabe
authors: Wataru
authors: W
authors: Matsuyama
authors: Yuko
authors: Y
authors: Shirahama
authors: Hideo
authors: H
authors: Mitsuyama
authors: Ken-ichi
authors: K
authors: Oonakahara
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Noma
authors: Ikkou
authors: I
authors: Higashimoto
authors: Mitsuhiro
authors: M
authors: Osame
authors: Kimiyoshi
authors: K
authors: Arimura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001596:Benzylamines; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000633:toxicity; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000276:immunology; D002070:Butadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000080027:Cyclams; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D001596:Benzylamines; D002070:Butadienes; D000080027:Cyclams; D016207:Cytokines; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D009570:Nitriles; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; C113580:U 0126; D001761:Bleomycin; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; C088327:plerixafor