title: Awareness typologies, long-term emotional adjustment and psychosocial outcomes following acquired brain injury.
abstract: Previous research suggests considerable heterogeneity within groups of individuals identified as having low self-awareness or good self-awareness following acquired brain injury (ABI). The present study aimed to identify typologies of individuals according to neuropsychological and psychological factors related to awareness deficits and compare emotional adjustment and psychosocial outcomes at the initial assessment and 12-month follow-up. Eighty-four participants with ABI (mean time since injury = 3.9 years) were assessed on the Self-Awareness of Deficits Interview, Awareness Questionnaire, Symptom Expectancy Checklist, Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, Sydney Psychosocial Reintegration Scale, and an error self-regulation index. A 12-month follow-up assessment of emotional adjustment and psychosocial outcomes was conducted. A hierarchical cluster analysis distinguished four awareness typologies, namely, "poor self-awareness" (n = 12), "high defensiveness" (n = 13), "high symptom reporting" (n = 15), and "good self-awareness" (n = 44). An overall comparison of outcomes indicated that the poor self-awareness and high symptom reporting typologies experienced poorer outcomes than the high defensiveness and good self-awareness typologies. The findings confirm that there are different awareness typologies and highlight the need to tailor interventions according to the nature of awareness deficits.
authors: Division of Occupational Therapy, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. t.ownsworth@griffith.edu.au
authors: Tamara
authors: T
authors: Ownsworth
authors: Jenny
authors: J
authors: Fleming
authors: Jenny
authors: J
authors: Strong
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Radel
authors: Wilbur
authors: W
authors: Chan
authors: Linda
authors: L
authors: Clare
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001364:Awareness; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012647:Self-Assessment