title: Database of somatic mutations in EGFR with analyses revealing indel hotspots but no smoking-associated signature.
abstract: We created an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Mutation Database (http://www.cityofhope.org/cmdl/egfr_db) that curates a convenient compilation of somatic EGFR mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and associated epidemiological and methodological data, including response to the tyrosine kinase inhibitors Gefitinib and Erlotinib. Herein, we analyze 809 mutations collected from 26 publications. Four super hotspots account for 70% of reported mutations while two-thirds of 131 unique mutations have been reported only once and account for only 11% of reported mutations. Consistent with strong biological selection for gain of function, the reported mutations are virtually all missense substitutions or in-frame microdeletions, microinsertions, or microindels (colocalized insertion and deletion with a net gain or loss of 1-50 nucleotides). Microdeletions and microindels are common in a region of exon 19. Microindels, which account for 8% of mutations, have smaller inserted sequences (95% are 1 to 5 bp) and are elevated 16-fold relative to mouse somatic microindels and to human germline microindels. Microdeletions/microindels are significantly more frequent in responders to Gefitinib or Erlotinib (P = 0.003). In addition, EGFR mutations in smokers do not carry signatures of mutagens in cigarette smoke. Otherwise, the mutation pattern does not differ significantly with respect to gender, age, or tumor histology. The EGFR Mutation Database is a central resource of EGFR sequence variant data for clinicians, geneticists, and other researchers. Authors are encouraged to submit new publications with EGFR sequence variants to be included in the database or to provide direct submissions via The WayStation submission and publication process (http://www.centralmutations.org).
authors: Clinical Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory (CMDL), Department of Molecular Diagnosis, City of Hope National Medical Center, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010-0269, USA.
authors: Dongqing
authors: D
authors: Gu
authors: William A
authors: WA
authors: Scaringe
authors: Kai
authors: K
authors: Li
authors: Juan-Sebastian
authors: JS
authors: Saldivar
authors: Kathleen A
authors: KA
authors: Hill
authors: Zhenbin
authors: Z
authors: Chen
authors: Kelly D
authors: KD
authors: Gonzalez
authors: Steve S
authors: SS
authors: Sommer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001483:Base Sequence; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D000069347:Erlotinib Hydrochloride; D005260:Female; D000077156:Gefitinib; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional / Q000235:genetics*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017384:Sequence Deletion / Q000235:genetics*; D012907:Smoking / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011799:Quinazolines; D000069347:Erlotinib Hydrochloride; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D000077156:Gefitinib