title: Influenza epidemics and acute respiratory disease activity are associated with a surge in autopsy-confirmed coronary heart disease death: results from 8 years of autopsies in 34,892 subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether influenza can trigger heart attacks, we investigated the impact of influenza epidemics on autopsy-proven coronary deaths.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied weekly death due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and chronic ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in autopsies conducted in 1993 to 2000 in St Petersburg, Russia. We plotted the weekly acute respiratory disease (ARD) counts and influenza epidemics against AMI and chronic IHD deaths. There were 11,892 subjects dying of AMI and 23 000 subjects dying of chronic IHD. Median age was 75 for women and 65 for men. In every year, a peak of AMI and chronic IHD deaths were present and coincided with the influenza epidemic and peak ARD activity. A similar pattern was seen for each subgroup of men, women, subjects 50 years or older, and subjects 70 years or older. When comparing the average influenza epidemic weeks to average off-season weeks, the odds for AMI and chronic IHD death increased by 1.30 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-1.56) and 1.10 (95% CI: 0.97-1.26), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Influenza epidemics are associated with a rise in autopsy-confirmed coronary deaths. Influenza vaccination should be advocated for patients at high risk of developing cardiovascular events.
authors: The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA. mohammad.madjid@uth.tmc.edu
authors: Mohammad
authors: M
authors: Madjid
authors: Charles C
authors: CC
authors: Miller
authors: Vladimir V
authors: VV
authors: Zarubaev
authors: Ivan G
authors: IG
authors: Marinich
authors: Oleg I
authors: OI
authors: Kiselev
authors: Yury V
authors: YV
authors: Lobzin
authors: Alexander E
authors: AE
authors: Filippov
authors: Samuel Ward
authors: SW
authors: Casscells
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001344:Autopsy; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000401:mortality*; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D012426:Russia / Q000453:epidemiology