title: Four cases of fetal hypoechoic hepatomegaly associated with Trisomy 21 and transient abnormal myelopoiesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to determine the clinical significance of fetal hypoechoic hepatomegaly and serial change of liver sizes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The liver sizes of four fetuses with hypoechoic hepatomegaly were serially estimated by liver length, as measured from the dome of the right hemidiaphragm to the tip of the right lobe.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All cases were associated with trisomy 21 or transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM). Two cases were trisomy 21 with TAM, one case was a phenotypically normal newborn, who had developed TAM during the fetal period, and the last case was trisomy 21 without TAM. In the last case, it is speculated that TAM had developed and regressed completely before birth. Two cases, whose hepatomegaly had improved before birth, showed good prognosis and the other two cases, in whom improvement had not been observed, resulted in death after birth by liver failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These experiences show that one of the differential diagnoses of hypoechoic hepatosplenomegaly is TAM and that the change of live size is a predictor of prognosis.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan. no4achy@med.niigata-u.ac.jp
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Kikuchi
authors: Nozomi
authors: N
authors: Tamura
authors: Keisuke
authors: K
authors: Ishii
authors: Koichi
authors: K
authors: Takakuwa
authors: Masamichi
authors: M
authors: Matsunaga
authors: Norihito
authors: N
authors: Sudo
authors: Kenichi
authors: K
authors: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006529:Hepatomegaly / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D038042:Myelopoiesis / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011379:Prognosis; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal