title: Early results of immediate repair of obstetric third-degree tears: 65% are completely asymptomatic despite persistent sphincter defects in 61%.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The outcome of immediate repair of obstetric third-degree tears is poorly documented. Immediate repair may give better functional results than delayed repair because scarring is reduced. This aim of this prospective study was to examine the early outcome of immediate repair of third-degree tears.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 121 women who had immediate repair of obstetric third-degree tears underwent interview, anal ultrasonography and anorectal physiology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At review, 79 (65%) were completely asymptomatic (score = 0), 23 (19%), had minor flatus incontinence or mild urgency causing no compromise to their quality of life (score 1-4), and 19 (16%) had clinically embarrassing faecal incontinence (score 5-24). Thirty-nine (32%) had an intact internal anal sphincter (IAS) and external anal sphincter (EAS) (i.e. a successful repair), eight (7%) had a defect in the IAS alone but the EAS was intact (i.e. a successful repair but a residual IAS defect), 43 (35%) had a residual defect in the EAS alone (IAS intact) and 31 (26%) had a persistent defect in the IAS and EAS. Residual defects in either or both of the sphincters were associated with a significantly higher incidence of abnormal resting and squeeze anal pressures. Anal manometry had no correlation with symptoms. The highest proportion of severe incontinence was in those with an IAS defect alone (37%) and when there was a residual IAS and EAS defect (24%). Only 2 of 39 (5%) with an intact IAS and EAS had severe incontinence and only 8 of 43 (18%) with a residual EAS defect alone had severe faecal incontinence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate a good outcome following immediate repair of third-degree obstetric tears and emphasize the role of the IAS in providing continence.
authors: University Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK. joanne.hayes@uhb.nhs.uk
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Hayes
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Shatari
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Toozs-Hobson
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Busby
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Pretlove
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Radley
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Keighley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008365:Manometry; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography