title: Limited feasibility of double transplant in multiple myeloma: results of a multicenter study on 153 patients aged <65 years.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although high-dose therapy is considered the standard therapy for younger patients with multiple myeloma (MM), the advantages of performing a second transplant remain debated. The current study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and the feasibility of a front-line double transplant program in young MM patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 153 MM patients aged <or=65 years, the majority of whom had stage III disease (65%), were enrolled in a multicenter, nonrandomized, high-dose program including 2 transplants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of good quality responses (complete and very good partial responses) increased from an initial 33% after induction to 91% (complete response rate of 29%) after 2 transplants. However, this increase in response did not produce an advantage in either event-free survival or overall survival, even when the analysis was performed grouping patients by response. The protocol was well tolerated and no difference in transplant-related mortality was observed between the first and second transplants. A first transplant was performed in 122 of 153 patients (80%), and 65 (42% of the enrolled patients) completed the double transplant program. Reasons for not undergoing the second autologous transplant were death (n=2 patients), insufficient peripheral blood stem cells (n=8 patients), severe transplant-related toxicity (n=10 patients), allotransplants (n=9 patients), early progression after first transplant (n=6 patients), lost to follow-up (n=3 patients), and patient refusal (n=19 patients).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering the limited advantage of double transplants, the complexity of the program, the high percentage of dropouts, and the additional costs of a second transplant, the current study favors single transplant programs for the treatment of younger MM patients.
authors: Division of Hematology, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. a.corso@smatteo.pv.it
authors: Alessandro
authors: A
authors: Corso
authors: Silvia
authors: S
authors: Mangiacavalli
authors: Luciana
authors: L
authors: Barbarano
authors: Emilio Paolo
authors: EP
authors: Alessandrino
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Cairoli
authors: Enrica
authors: E
authors: Morra
authors: Mario
authors: M
authors: Lazzarino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008558:Melphalan / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D019653:Myeloablative Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019653:Myeloablative Agonists; D008558:Melphalan