title: Raised serum, adipocyte, and adipose tissue retinol-binding protein 4 in overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome: effects of gonadal and adrenal steroids.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with insulin resistance and obesity. Recent studies have shown that serum retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) levels increase with obesity. Currently, no data exist on the relative expression of RBP4 in either serum or adipose tissue of PCOS women.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  mRNA expression of RBP4 from sc and omental (om) adipose tissue and sc adipocytes in overweight PCOS women were compared with matched controls; RBP4 protein in adipose tissue and serum RBP4 levels were also assessed. Additionally, we studied the effects of testosterone, 17beta-estradiol, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate on RBP4 expression in adipose tissue explants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to assess the relative mRNA and protein expression of RBP4. Biochemical measurements were also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with controls, there was significant up-regulation of RBP4 mRNA in sc (P < 0.05) and om (P < 0.01) adipose tissue as well as isolated sc adipocytes (P < 0.01) of PCOS women. In addition to elevated serum RBP4 levels in PCOS women (P < 0.05), RBP4 protein levels were significantly greater in sc and om adipose tissue of PCOS women (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively). Furthermore, in human sc and om adipose tissue explants, 17beta-estradiol significantly increased RBP4 mRNA expression, protein levels, and secretion into the culture media (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The precise reason for elevated levels of RBP4 in overweight PCOS women is unknown, but it appears that 17beta-estradiol may play a role in their regulation in adipose tissue.
authors: Endocrinology and Metabolism Group, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
authors: Bee K
authors: BK
authors: Tan
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Chen
authors: Hendrik
authors: H
authors: Lehnert
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Kennedy
authors: Harpal S
authors: HS
authors: Randeva
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D000728:Androgens / Q000494:pharmacology; D000735:Androstenedione / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D009852:Omentum / Q000502:physiology; D050177:Overweight / Q000502:physiology*; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012177:Retinol-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D054839:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma; D013256:Steroids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000502:physiology; D013739:Testosterone / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; C101326:RBP4 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012177:Retinol-Binding Proteins; D054839:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma; C495692:SLC2A4 protein, human; D013256:Steroids; D013739:Testosterone; D000735:Androstenedione; D004958:Estradiol; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate