title: Sucrose supply to nematode-induced syncytia depends on the apoplasmic and symplasmic pathways.
abstract: The plant parasitic nematode Heterodera schachtii induces syncytial feeding structures in the roots of host plants. Nematode-induced syncytia become strong sink tissues in the plant solute circulation system as the parasites start withdrawing nutrients. In the present work, the expression pattern of the phloem-specific sucrose transporter AtSUC4 (also described as AtSUT4) is analysed in syncytia induced by H. schachtii and it is compared with that of AtSUC2, another phloem-specific sucrose transporter, which is expressed in syncytia. The temporal expression pattern was monitored by GUS-tests and real-time RT-PCR, while the localization within the syncytia was performed using in situ RT-PCR. In this context, the concentration of sucrose in infection sites was also analysed and, in fact, an increase in response to syncytium development was found. Silencing of the AtSUC4 gene finally resulted in a significant reduction of female nematode development, thus demonstrating a function for this gene for the first time. It is therefore concluded that AtSUC4 plays a significant role in the early phase of syncytium differentiation when functional plasmodesmata to the phloem are not yet established. It is further concluded that, during syncytium establishment, transporters are responsible for sucrose supply and, at a later stage, when a connection to the phloem is established via plasmodesmata, transporters are required for sucrose retrieval.
authors: Institute of Plant Protection, Department of Applied Plant Sciences and Plant Biotechnology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Peter Jordan-Strasse 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Hofmann
authors: Krzysztof
authors: K
authors: Wieczorek
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Blöchl
authors: Florian M W
authors: FM
authors: Grundler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D020868:Gene Silencing; D015726:Giant Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000032:analysis; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009348:Nematoda / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D052585:Phloem / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013395:Sucrose / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; C512029:SUT4 protein, Arabidopsis; C078729:sucrose transport protein, plant; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D013395:Sucrose; D005966:Glucuronidase