title: Antibiotic susceptibility, serotype distribution and vaccine coverage of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal Streptococcus pneumoniae in a day-care centre in St. Petersburg, Russia.
abstract: The objectives were to study serotypes and antibiotic susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae carried by healthy children attending a day-care centre in St. Petersburg. S. pneumoniae colonization was investigated in 125 children aged 16-70 months. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by E-test and disk diffusion. 83 S. pneumoniae cases were isolated in 75/125 (60%) children: 36/75 (48%) in the nasopharynx, 12/75 (16%) in the oropharynx and 27/75 (36%) in both. Carriage rates were 100%, 68%, 72%, 46% and 54% in children aged 12-23, 24-35, 36-47, 48-59 and >or=60 months, respectively. 97.6% of isolates were susceptible to penicillin. 61.4%, 32.5%, 19.3%, 16.7% and 6% isolates were non-susceptible to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, clindamycin, erythromycin and chloramphenicol, respectively. 20.5% of isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR). 45% of isolates were of serotypes included in the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7V-PCV); 64.9%, 56.8%, 32.4% and 27% of 7V-PCV serotypes were resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, clindamycin and erythromycin, respectively. The respective figures for MDR isolates were 100%, 94.1%, 70.6% and 76.5%; 76.5% of all MDR isolates were covered by 7V-PCV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1) resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline was high; 2) resistance to macrolides was higher than in other Russian regions; 3) 7V-PCV coverage was modest, but the vaccine may potentially reduce MDR-S. pneumoniae.
authors: Paediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Soroka University Medical Centre, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Katz
authors: Eugene
authors: E
authors: Leibovitz
authors: Viktor N
authors: VN
authors: Timchenko
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Greenberg
authors: Nurit
authors: N
authors: Porat
authors: Nehama
authors: N
authors: Peled
authors: Ron
authors: R
authors: Dagan
authors: Iuri B
authors: IB
authors: Ossipov
mesh_terms: D002353:Carrier State / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D002656:Child Day Care Centers; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000382:microbiology; D009960:Oropharynx / Q000382:microbiology; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D012426:Russia / Q000453:epidemiology; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines