title: Reference values for acoustic rhinometry in decongested school children and adults: the most sensitive measurement for change in nasal patency.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Only a limited reference material for acoustic rhinometry (AR) exists for school children most often calculated as the minimum cross-sectional area (MCA) in the non-decongested nose. We want to establish a set of reference values for MCA and nasal volumes for both adults and children and include values also for the decongested nose and determine the most sensitive measurement for change in nasal patency.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from two studies were used; one comprising of 53 (20M, 33F) school children, age 9-11 years, and one comprising 146 (127M, 19F) healthy workers in the wood industry. Measurements by acoustic rhinometry were done before and after decongestion with two puffs of oxymethazoline nasal spray (1 mg/ml).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found the decongested nasal volume (2-5 cm) to be 3.71 cm3 (3.58-3.84) in school children and 5.44 cm3 (5.21-5.67) in adults. We found the volume from 2-5 cm into the nasal cavity to be the most sensitive measure of change in nasal patency by decongestion, and MCA to be the least sensitive in both adults and children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A larger study population of children, covering a broader range of age, is needed to stratify for gender and height. Our data in adults are in accordance with previous findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have provided a reference material for acoustic rhinometry in school children and adults. Future evaluation of change in nasal patency should contain information about nasal volume from 2-5 cm into the nasal cavity and not just MCA in adults and school children.
authors: Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark. spvs@mil.au.dk
authors: Sune P
authors: SP
authors: Straszek
authors: Vivi
authors: V
authors: Schlünssen
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Sigsgaard
authors: Ole F
authors: OF
authors: Pedersen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000403:Airway Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D019412:Anatomy, Cross-Sectional; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D004391:Dust; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D008297:Male; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D014663:Nasal Decongestants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects; D010109:Oxymetazoline / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation / Q000187:drug effects*; D012016:Reference Values; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D023842:Rhinometry, Acoustic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012907:Smoking; D014934:Wood
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D014663:Nasal Decongestants; D010109:Oxymetazoline