title: The effects of single-dose tramadol on post-operative pain and morphine requirements after coronary artery bypass surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of a single dose of tramadol administered prior to extubation on post-operative pain and morphine consumption after coronary artery bypass surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomized post-operatively into two groups (group T, n= 30; group P, n= 30). The technique of anaesthesia was standardized for all patients. The patients in group T received intravenous tramadol, 1 mg/kg, and the patients in group P received 2 ml of saline 0.9%, both approximately 1 h before extubation. After extubation, all patients were allowed to use the morphine patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device for 24 h post-operatively. Post-operative data were recorded in the cardiac intensive care unit at 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 12 h and 24 h after extubation by the same anaesthesiologist, who had no knowledge of the groups, and the side-effects were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group P, the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were found to be higher 30 min (P < 0.01), 1 h (P < 0.01), 2 h (P < 0.01) and 4 h (P < 0.05) after extubation. The patient comfort scores were higher in group T 30 min (P < 0.01), 1 h (P < 0.05), 2 h (P < 0.01) and 4 h (P < 0.01) after extubation. The total morphine consumption was higher in group P at all evaluation times (P < 0.01), and the numbers of PCA demands and boluses were also higher in group P (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study demonstrated that a single dose of tramadol administered prior to extubation following coronary artery bypass surgery is associated with a decrease of up to 25% in morphine consumption, a decrease in the VAS scores and an improvement in patient comfort within the first 4 h post-operatively.
authors: Department of Anaesthesiology, Inonu University, School of Medicine, 44315 Malatya, Turkey. kbut@inonu.edu.tr
authors: A K
authors: AK
authors: But
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Erdil
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Yucel
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Gedik
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Durmus
authors: M O
authors: MO
authors: Ersoy
mesh_terms: D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors; D014147:Tramadol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D014147:Tramadol; D009020:Morphine