title: Toxicity of abamectin and doramectin to soil invertebrates.
abstract: This study aimed at determining the toxicity of avermectins to soil invertebrates in soil and in faeces from recently treated sheep. Abamectin was more toxic than doramectin. In soil, earthworms (Eisenia andrei) were most affected with LC50s of 18 and 228 mg/kg dry soil, respectively, while LC50s were 67-111 and >300 mg/kg for springtails (Folsomia candida), isopods (Porcellio scaber) and enchytraeids (Enchytraeus crypticus). EC50s for the effect on reproduction of springtails and enchytraeids were 13 and 38 mg/kg, respectively for abamectin, and 42 and 170 mg/kg for doramectin. For earthworms, NOEC was 10 and 8.4 mg/kg for abamectin and doramectin effects on body weight. When exposed in faeces, springtails and enchytraeids gave LC50s and EC50s of 1.0-1.4 and 0.94-1.1 mg/kg dry faeces for abamectin and 2.2->2.4 mg/kg for doramectin. Earthworm reproduction was not affected. This study indicates a potential risk of avermectins for soil invertebrates colonizing faeces from recently treated sheep.
authors: Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology and Ecotoxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. lucija.kolar@vf.uni-lj.si
authors: Lucija
authors: L
authors: Kolar
authors: Nevenka
authors: N
authors: Kozuh Erzen
authors: Lenny
authors: L
authors: Hogerwerf
authors: Cornelis A M
authors: CA
authors: van Gestel
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D000977:Antiparasitic Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D007448:Invertebrates / Q000187:drug effects*; D033321:Isopoda / Q000187:drug effects; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000187:drug effects; D034561:Sheep, Domestic; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute
chemical_list: D000977:Antiparasitic Agents; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C048324:abamectin; D007559:Ivermectin; C084101:doramectin