title: A prototype biosensor-integrated image-guided surgery system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study we investigated the integration of a Raman spectroscopy-based biosensor with an image-guided surgery system. Such a system would provide a surgeon with both a diagnosis of the tissue being analysed (e.g. cancer) and localization information displayed within an imaging modality of choice. This type of mutual and registered information could lead to faster diagnoses and enable more accurate tissue resections.
  
  
  METHODS
  A test bed consisting of a portable Raman probe attached to a passively articulated mechanical arm was used to scan and classify objects within a phantom skull.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prototype system was successfully able to track the Raman probe, classify objects within the phantom skull, and display the classifications on medical imaging data within a virtual reality environment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We discuss the implementation of the integrated system, its accuracy and improvements to the system that will enhance its usefulness and further the field of sensor-based computer-assisted surgery.
authors: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors: L A
authors: LA
authors: Reisner
authors: B W
authors: BW
authors: King
authors: M D
authors: MD
authors: Klein
authors: G W
authors: GW
authors: Auner
authors: A K
authors: AK
authors: Pandya
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D014159:Transducers