title: Preoperative chemoradiation and intra-operative radiotherapy for pancreatic carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In recent years, preoperative chemoradiation has received growing interest for the treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer. In an attempt to improve resectability and disease control, we used preoperative radiation therapy and concomitant 5-fluorouracil in a combined modality therapy protocol. The aim of the study was to evaluate definitive results in terms of toxicity, response and clinical outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight patients with unresectable (cT4, 19 patients) or resectable (cT3, 9 patients) nonmetastatic pancreatic tumors received radiotherapy (39.6 Gy) plus 5-fluorouracil (continuous infusion, days 1-4 at 1000 mg/m(2)/day). After 4 weeks, patients were evaluated for surgical resection. In 9 resected patients, electron-beam intra-operative radiotherapy (10 Gy) was given before reconstruction. Thereafter, in resected patients, adjuvant chemotherapy was prescribed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During chemoradiation, 1 patient (3.6%) developed grade 3 acute gastrointestinal toxicity and 2 patients (7.1%) developed grade 3 hematological toxicity. Three of 19 patients with unresectable tumors had tumor downstaging (15.8%). Two patients showed partial response (response rate, 7.1%; 95% CI, 0.2-25.3) and 4 patients (14.3%) had minimal tumor response. Four patients (14.3%) showed progressive disease after chemoradiation. One postoperative death was recorded. The median survival time was 11.3 months (20.5 and 9.0 months in resected and unresected patients, respectively). Only one local failure was recorded in 8 patients resected with negative margins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the response rate is still low, our preliminary results suggest that preoperative 5-fluorouracil chemoradiation is well tolerated and may result in tumor downstaging. Delivery of intra-operative radiotherapy seems to be associated with a low rate of local recurrences.
authors: Unità Operativa di Radioterapia, Universitti Cattolica del S. Cuore, Campobasso. gmacchia@rm.unicatt.it
authors: Gabriella
authors: G
authors: Macchia
authors: Vincenzo
authors: V
authors: Valentini
authors: Gian Carlo
authors: GC
authors: Mattiucci
authors: Giovanna
authors: G
authors: Mantini
authors: Sergio
authors: S
authors: Alfieri
authors: Cinzia
authors: C
authors: Digesù
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Deodato
authors: Lucio
authors: L
authors: Trodella
authors: Gian Battista
authors: GB
authors: Doglietto
authors: Numa
authors: N
authors: Cellini
authors: Alessio Giuseppe
authors: AG
authors: Morganti
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D005472:Fluorouracil