title: Chloroquine increases low-density lipoprotein removal from plasma in systemic lupus patients.
abstract: Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) pathway in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients taking chloroquine diphosphate (CDP) was evaluated through the kinetic behavior of a radioactive cholesterol-rich nanoemulsion (LDE) that resembles the LDL lipidic structure. LDE was labeled with (14)C-cholesteryl ester ((14)C-CE), then IV injected in inactive female SLE patients: 10 taking CDP (CDP), 10 without therapy (NO THERAPY); and 10 normal subjects (CONTROL). Groups were age-matched and followed rigorous selection criteria of conditions that interfere in the lipid profile. Blood samples were collected in pre-established intervals after infusion for radioactivity measurement. Fasting lipoproteins were determined in the beginning of kinetic studies. Fractional clearance rate (FCR) of (14)C-CE was significantly different in the three groups (P = 0.03). In fact, a greater FCR of (14)C-CE was observed in CDP compared to NO THERAPY (0.076 +/- 0.037 versus 0.046 +/- 0.021 h(-1); P < 0.05) and to CONTROL (0.0516 +/- 0.0125 h(-1); P < 0.05). Accordingly, a significant lower total and LDL cholesterol were observed in CDP (156 +/- 16 and 88 +/- 16 mg/dl) compared to NO THERAPY (174 +/- 15 and 108 +/- 17 mg/dl; P < 0.05) and to CONTROL (200 +/- 24 and 118 +/- 23 mg/dl; P < 0.05). In contrast, no difference in (FCR) of (14)C-CE of NO THERAPY and CONTROL groups was observed. This is the first in vivo demonstration that LDE removal by LDL receptor from plasma is increased in SLE patients taking CDP with a consequent beneficial decrease in LDL-c levels.
authors: Rheumatology Division and Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), Medical School Hospital and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: J C
authors: JC
authors: Sachet
authors: E F
authors: EF
authors: Borba
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Bonfá
authors: C G C
authors: CG
authors: Vinagre
authors: V M
authors: VM
authors: Silva
authors: R C
authors: RC
authors: Maranhão
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011849:Radioactive Tracers; D011973:Receptors, LDL / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D011849:Radioactive Tracers; D011973:Receptors, LDL; C023676:chloroquine diphosphate; D002738:Chloroquine