title: Exercise tolerance is reduced in bipolar illness.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease is 2-3 times more common in bipolar patients than the general population. Asymptomatic bipolar patients have electrocardiogram abnormalities at high rates. The question of heart function in asymptomatic bipolar subjects arises.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study examined the impact of exhaustive exercise on cardiac function in untrained euthymic bipolar and control subjects. Twenty-four non-athletic adults, 10 controls and 14 with bipolar type I, exercised on a treadmill at 70% of maximal oxygen consumption until physical exhaustion. Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography were performed before and immediately after exercise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bipolar subjects had significantly reduced exercise duration (75.9+/-40.5min for bipolar and 95.0+/-40.1 min for control, P<0.01). There were no statistical differences between bipolar illness and normal controls in echocardiographic variables either at rest or after exhaustive exercise.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medically asymptomatic, euthymic bipolar subjects appear to have reduced exercise tolerance but normal cardiac function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More bipolar patients smoked (28.6% vs. 0% controls) and patients tended to be heavier (189.1+/-29.3 vs. 165.0+/-29.5 lb, t=2.0, P=0.06). None of the normal controls were taking any medications. These variables could have impacted the reduced exercise tolerance.
authors: Mood Disorders Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States.
authors: Amy
authors: A
authors: Shah
authors: Motaz
authors: M
authors: Alshaher
authors: Buddhadeb
authors: B
authors: Dawn
authors: Tariq
authors: T
authors: Siddiqui
authors: Rita A
authors: RA
authors: Longaker
authors: Marcus F
authors: MF
authors: Stoddard
authors: Rif
authors: R
authors: El-Mallakh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology