Prehospital delay, contributing aspects and responses to symptoms among Norwegian women and men with first time acute myocardial infarction.
BACKGROUND
In patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the delay between the onset of symptoms and hospital admission is a critical factor in reducing morbidity and mortality.


OBJECTIVE
To assess gender differences in prehospital delay among women and men with first time AMI, generate more knowledge about aspects influencing this delay and investigate responses to acute symptoms.


RESULTS
Of 738 eligible patients, 149 women and 384 men responded to a questionnaire (72%). Over half of both women and men waited over one hour before they called for medical assistance and more than half the patients had a total prehospital delay exceeding two hours. Rapid development of symptoms and symptoms matching expectations reduced, self medication and consulting the spouse increased patient delay in both genders. Calling the Emergency Medical Service (EMS) reduced and calling a general practitioner increased total prehospital delay in both genders. ST-ELEVATION: (STEMI), symptoms experienced as unbearable and attributed as cardiac reduced patient delay, and symptoms from the back, shoulders or between scapulae increased prehospital delay, only in men.


CONCLUSIONS
How patients responded to symptoms had vital impact on prehospital delay among both genders, but the experience and interpretation of symptoms had more influence in men than in women.
Løvlien
M
M
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, NO-7489 Trondheim, Norway; Molde University College, NO-6402 Molde, Norway. Mona.Lovlien@Himolde.no
Schei
B
B
Hole
T
T
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000209:etiology; D003657:Decision Making; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000209:etiology; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005194:Family Practice / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008571:Men / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D009325:Nausea / Q000209:etiology; D009664:Norway; D024802:Nurse's Role; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014930:Women / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology*