title: Elevation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 levels in aortic intima of Chinese Guizhou minipigs with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Large animal models with toxin-mediated pancreatic damage have been used extensively in researches with respect to diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diabetic complications. The present study aimed to establish Chinese Guizhou minipig models with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes and characterize the animal models by analyzing inflammatory cytokine levels in aortic wall, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two male Chinese Guizhou minipigs (age, 4 to 6 months; weight, 20 kg to 30 kg) were divided into STZ-induced diabetic group (n = 12) and control group (n = 10). STZ (125 mg/kg) was administrated to induce hyperglycemia and afterwards insulin was used to control fasting blood glucose levels below 10 mmol/L. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed before and one month after STZ administration and serum concentrations of alanine transaminase, asparagine transaminase, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, lipids and white blood cell count were measured before and six months later. Animals in both groups were euthanized after six months and pancreas was examined immunohistochemically for islet beta cells. Aortic intima of diabetic minipigs and controls was analyzed for TNF-alpha level in tissue conditioned medium by Western blot. TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 mRNA levels in aortic intima were assayed by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant elevation in serum glucose levels was observed one month and six months after STZ induction (P < 0.001) and markedly increased OGTT values were noted, compared with baseline data. The normal pancreas had many irregular sized islets and small clusters of islet beta cells, while in pancreas of diabetic minipigs islet beta cells almost disappeared. No statistical difference was notified in serum concentrations of biochemical examinations before and six months after STZ induction. Western blot demonstrated dramatically increased TNF-alpha level in aotic intima conditioned medium, and significant elevation of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 mRNA levels was revealed by RT-PCR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study has established Chinese Guizhou minipig models with STZ-induced diabetes. Inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6) significantly elevated in aortic intima of diabetic minipigs.
authors: Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School of Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China.
authors: Lin
authors: L
authors: Lu
authors: Qi
authors: Q
authors: Zhang
authors: Li-jin
authors: LJ
authors: Pu
authors: Xue-wei
authors: XW
authors: Xu
authors: Rui-yan
authors: RY
authors: Zhang
authors: Jian-sheng
authors: JS
authors: Zhang
authors: Jian
authors: J
authors: Hu
authors: Zheng-kun
authors: ZK
authors: Yang
authors: An-kang
authors: AK
authors: Lü
authors: Feng-hua
authors: FH
authors: Ding
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Shen
authors: Qiu-jin
authors: QJ
authors: Chen
authors: Sheng
authors: S
authors: Lou
authors: Dan-hong
authors: DH
authors: Fang
authors: Wei-feng
authors: WF
authors: Shen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000737:chemistry*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D010179:Pancreas / Q000473:pathology; D013311:Streptozocin; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013311:Streptozocin