title: Combination therapy of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide and gemcitabine shows strong antitumor activity in pancreatic cancer cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors such as 3-aminobenzamide (3-ABA) enhance the in vitro cytotoxicity of DNA mono-functional alkylating agents such as radiation or chemotherapeutic agents. The aim of this study was to test an approach combining the PARP inhibitor 3-ABA with standard gemcitabine therapy in human pancreatic cancer cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell viability was determined by proliferation assay (XTT). Cell-cycle analysis (FACS), ELISA (M30 Apoptosense), Western blot for caspase 8 and PARP, and electron microscopy were used to identify apoptosis. Tumor growth and survival was assessed in nude mice by subcutaneously injected Capan-1 cells. In addition, Ki67 staining was performed on tumors for cell proliferation and in vivo apoptosis induction was measured by TUNEL assay and ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Combination therapy of gemcitabine and 3-ABA suppressed tumor cell growth more than gemcitabine alone in XTT, FACS and ELISA analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This in vivo study demonstrated a significantly reduced tumor weight and increased survival up to 40 days after cell inoculation with combination therapy compared to animals treated with PBS, gemcitabine or 3-ABA alone. Furthermore, TUNEL assay revealed a significant apoptosis induction and reduced proliferation in the combination group.
authors: Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Charité Campus Virchow-Clinic, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany. dietmar.jacob@charite.de
authors: Dietmar A
authors: DA
authors: Jacob
authors: Marcus
authors: M
authors: Bahra
authors: Jan M
authors: JM
authors: Langrehr
authors: Sabine
authors: S
authors: Boas-Knoop
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Stefaniak
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Davis
authors: Guido
authors: G
authors: Schumacher
authors: Steffen
authors: S
authors: Lippert
authors: Ulf P
authors: UP
authors: Neumann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001549:Benzamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002469:Cell Separation; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D000067856:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D001549:Benzamides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D000067856:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; D003841:Deoxycytidine; C025160:3-aminobenzamide; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D000093542:Gemcitabine