title: Butein, a tetrahydroxychalcone, inhibits nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and NF-kappaB-regulated gene expression through direct inhibition of IkappaBalpha kinase beta on cysteine 179 residue.
abstract: Although butein (3,4,2',4'-tetrahydroxychalcone) is known to exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-fibrogenic activities, very little is known about its mechanism of action. Because numerous effects modulated by butein can be linked to interference with the NF-kappaB pathway, we investigated in detail the effect of this chalcone on NF-kappaB activity. As examined by DNA binding, we found that butein suppressed tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced NF-kappaB activation in a dose- and time-dependent manner; suppressed the NF-kappaB activation induced by various inflammatory agents and carcinogens; and inhibited the NF-kappaB reporter activity induced by TNFR1, TRADD, TRAF2, NIK, TAK1/TAB1, and IKK-beta. We also found that butein blocked the phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaBalpha by inhibiting IkappaBalpha kinase (IKK) activation. We found the inactivation of IKK by butein was direct and involved cysteine residue 179. This correlated with the suppression of phosphorylation and the nuclear translocation of p65. In this study, butein also inhibited the expression of the NF-kappaB-regulated gene products involved in anti-apoptosis (IAP2, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL), proliferation (cyclin D1 and c-Myc), and invasion (COX-2 and MMP-9). Suppression of these gene products correlated with enhancement of the apoptosis induced by TNF and chemotherapeutic agents; and inhibition of cytokine-induced cellular invasion. Overall, our results indicated that antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities previously assigned to butein may be mediated in part through the direct inhibition of IKK, leading to the suppression of the NF-kappaB activation pathway.
authors: Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Cytokine Research Laboratory, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors: Manoj K
authors: MK
authors: Pandey
authors: Santosh K
authors: SK
authors: Sandur
authors: Bokyung
authors: B
authors: Sung
authors: Gautam
authors: G
authors: Sethi
authors: Ajaikumar B
authors: AB
authors: Kunnumakkara
authors: Bharat B
authors: BB
authors: Aggarwal
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000378:metabolism; D047188:Chalcones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D003545:Cysteine / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D053422:Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D053199:TNF Receptor-Associated Death Domain Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002273:Carcinogens; D047188:Chalcones; D010936:Plant Extracts; D053199:TNF Receptor-Associated Death Domain Protein; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C040918:butein; D053422:Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D003545:Cysteine