Long-term behavioural and emotional problems in four cardiac diagnostic groups of children and adolescents after invasive treatment for congenital heart disease.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the occurrence of a wide range of behavioural and emotional problems long-term after invasive treatment for congenital heart disease (ConHD) in infancy and childhood.


METHODS
Parents of 125 ConHD children, aged 7-17, completed the Child Behavior Checklist and 85, 11-17-year-old, ConHD children completed the Youth Self-Report.


RESULTS
According to parents' reports of problem behaviours a significant proportion of ConHD children scored in the deviant range (16.9%) compared to the reference group (10.2%). The proportion of ConHD boys scoring in the deviant range according to parents (21.4%) was significantly greater than that in the reference sample (10%). Parents reported significantly higher problems scores for the scales Somatic Complaints, Social Problems, Attention Problems, Internalising and Total Problems compared to the reference group. In contrast, reports of patients were comparable to those of reference peers. No differences were found on the self-reports between problem scores for different cardiac diagnostic groups. Discrepancies between self- and parent-reports were found, indicating that more problems were reported by ConHD patients themselves than by their parents.


CONCLUSIONS
Overall, parents of ConHD patients reported higher levels of behavioural and emotional problems compared to the reference group whereas patients themselves reported no long-term behavioural impairment compared to same-sex reference peers. Assessing behavioural and emotional problems in ConHD patients can be helpful to detect children at risk for developing psychopathology. Especially younger male ConHD patients deserve special attention.
Spijkerboer
A W
AW
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Utens
E M W J
EM
Bogers
A J J C
AJ
Verhulst
F C
FC
Helbing
W A
WA
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002669:Child Welfare; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D008603:Mental Health; D008605:Mental Health Services; D010290:Parents; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011581:Psychological Tests; D011594:Psychometrics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors