title: Carotid intima-media thickness, carotid distensibility and mitral, aortic valve calcification: a useful diagnostic parameter of systemic atherosclerotic disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mitral (MAC) and aortic (AVC) calcification are observed more frequently in the elderly and are associated with coronary artery disease, aortic atheroma and peripheral arterial atherosclerotic disease. Common carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and distensibility (cDIST) are also independent predictors of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. We examined the relationship between the degree of MAC-AVC and cIMT and cDIST.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and forty-three patients referred for transthoracic echocardiography and carotid artery echo-Doppler were evaluated; the variables measured were: systemic blood pressure, pulse pressure; body mass index, traditional risk factors, cIMT, cDIST (cDIST = [(csD - cdD)/PP]/csD; where csD and cdD were systolic and diastolic carotid diameters, respectively). MAC and AVC score, based on acoustic densitometry, were: 1 = absence of annular/valvular (av) sclerosis/calcification; 2 = av sclerosis; 3 = av calcification; 4 = av calcification; 5 = av calcification with no recognition of the leaflets; the resulting score was the highest for either valvular annulus. Mean cIMT increased linearly with increasing valvular calcification score (P < 0.0001) whereas cDIST decreased for scores 1 to 5 (P < 0.0001). Distribution of cIMT quartiles showed that 75% of the patients in the lowest quartile had a score of 1 and 70% of patients in the highest quartile had a score of 5; 47% of the patients in the highest quartile of cDIST had a score of 1, whereas 60% of patients in the lowest quartile of cDIST had a score of 4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MAC and AVC score identifies subgroups of patients with different cIMT and cDIST. These data may confirm MAC-AVC as a useful important diagnostic parameter of systemic atherosclerotic disease.
authors: Unit of Cardiology, INRCA-IRCCS Hospital, Rome, Italy. luca.sgorbini@libero.it
authors: Luca
authors: L
authors: Sgorbini
authors: Angelo
authors: A
authors: Scuteri
authors: Massimo
authors: M
authors: Leggio
authors: Walter
authors: W
authors: Gianni
authors: Edoardo
authors: E
authors: Nevola
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Leggio
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000473:pathology*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D004548:Elasticity; D005260:Female; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000473:pathology*; D012107:Research Design; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology*; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000473:pathology*