title: Nurses' discourse in contraceptive prescribing: an analysis using Foucault's 'procedures of exclusion'.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper is a report of an analysis of the discourse about contraceptive efficacy and side effects used by nurses when prescribing contraception.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  All women seeking contraception should be informed of the efficacy and potential adverse effects of the particular method they are considering. This information facilitates an informed choice. Women also require this information in order to monitor for any side effects. Paradoxically, side effects are also a key factor in reducing adherence with contraceptive regimens. However, there is no literature that explores specifically how this issue is addressed in clinical consultations, or places these practices in a theoretical context.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-nine consultations between nurses and women in sexual health clinics were audio-recorded during 2002. Data were subject to a discourse analysis using Foucault's 'procedures of exclusion' to explore the discursive construction of contraceptive efficacy and side effects
  
  
  RESULTS
  The nurses employed specific discursive strategies when discussing contraception. When addressing efficacy, discourse centred on medico-statistical facts, but side effects were described in lay terms that minimized their severity. Nurses contextualized contraceptive side effects within potential problems that women might experience in pregnancy, and also attempted to 'normalize' contraceptive-related problems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Discourse and its deployment play a key role in practitioner-client relationships that sexual health nurses need to become more aware of how they discuss clinical issues about contraception with women. Clinical data on contraceptive side-effects are present in the literature, and it is important that sexual health nurses use this to help women make truly informed decisions.
authors: Centre for Health and Social Care Studies and Service Development, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. m.hayter@sheffield.ac.uk
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Hayter
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003267:Contraception / Q000451:nursing*; D003376:Counseling; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009726:Nurses / Q000592:standards*; D011364:Professional Practice / Q000592:standards*; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D016896:Treatment Outcome