title: Inappropriate dosage instructions in package inserts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Regardless of all efforts by the supervisory authority and the manufacturers to ensure that package inserts are patient-oriented, they are still under discussion. The survey package insert test (PAINT) aimed to examine the availability and comprehensibility of the information contained on five package inserts and five model versions for the same drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire containing 15 questions referring to the package insert contents was developed for a written survey. In a cross-over test design, each participant received an original package insert and a newly developed model version within an interval of 4 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One thousand one hundred and five participants gave significantly more correct answers (92.6-94.4%) to all 15 questions relating to the model package inserts, in comparison to the originals (74.7-85.8%). Most of the problems regarding the original versions were associated with the fact that the dosage instructions were given in active substance quantities rather than "tablet" or "volume", non-quantifiable phrases in the dosage instructions (e.g. take 1-3 times 2-4 tablets) and in the frequency of side effects (e.g. rare). Information regarding suitable counter measures to possible side effects, was also difficult to understand.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Optimizing package inserts, particularly dosage instructions and information regarding possible side effects, is essential and achievable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our recommendations are as follows: (1) every dose should be quantified in number of tablets or in volume; (2) use a dosage instruction table; (3) provide short and precise information only; (4) do not use non-quantifiable statements.
authors: PAINT-Consult, Magnus-Poser Strasse 6, 07749 Jena, Germany. joerg.fuchs@paint-consult.com
authors: Joerg
authors: J
authors: Fuchs
authors: Marion
authors: M
authors: Hippius
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004348:Drug Labeling; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011932:Reading
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations