title: Concurrent cetuximab and bevacizumab therapy in a murine orthotopic model of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of bevacizumab and cetuximab, alone and in combination, in an orthotopic model of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) in athymic nude mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a randomized, controlled in vivo study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ATC cell line, ARO, was used to establish orthotopic xenografts of ATC in athymic nude mice. Mice were randomized to therapy for 4 weeks in one of four treatment groups: placebo, cetuximab, bevacizumab, or the combination of cetuximab and bevacizumab. A second study compared the antitumor efficacy of the cetuximab-bevacizumab combination with doxorubicin. In both studies, tumor volumes on completion were measured and compared. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed with antiCD31 and antiproliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibodies to assess the in vivo mechanisms of action of these agents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cetuximab decreased the production of vascular endothelial growth factor by ATC cell lines in vitro. Mean tumor volumes for the control, bevacizumab, cetuximab, and combination groups at the end of the in vivo study were 291, 213, 94, and 42 mm(3), respectively. The differences in mean tumor volume for the control versus treatment groups were statistically significant. Immunohistochemical analysis showed decreased microvessel density and PCNA positivity in the treatment groups. In the doxorubicin comparison study, mean tumor volumes for control, doxorubicin, and combination antibody treatment groups were 175, 162, and 22 mm(3), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cetuximab and bevacizumab alone and in combination inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis in an in vivo model of ATC. Also, this therapy was superior to doxorubicin therapy.
authors: The Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors: Christopher N
authors: CN
authors: Prichard
authors: Seungwon
authors: S
authors: Kim
authors: Yasmin D
authors: YD
authors: Yazici
authors: Dao D
authors: DD
authors: Doan
authors: Samar A
authors: SA
authors: Jasser
authors: Mahitosh
authors: M
authors: Mandal
authors: Jeffrey N
authors: JN
authors: Myers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D002452:Cell Count; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D000068818:Cetuximab; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D011897:Random Allocation; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D004317:Doxorubicin; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D000068818:Cetuximab