title: Randomized trial to improve prescribing safety during pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to determine whether a computerized tool that alerted pharmacists when pregnant patients were prescribed U.S. Food and Drug Administration pregnancy risk category D or X medications was effective in decreasing dispensings of these medications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized trial. Pharmacy, diagnostic, and laboratory data were linked to identify pregnant patients prescribed targeted medications. Women (n = 11,100) were randomized to intervention or usual care. Physicians and pharmacists collaborated on the intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcome was the proportion of pregnant women dispensed a category D or X medication. The secondary outcome was the total number of first dispensings of targeted medications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2.9% of intervention (n = 177) and 5.5% of usual care (n = 276) patients were dispensed targeted medications (p < 0.001): 1.8% of intervention (n = 108) and 3.9% of usual care (n = 198) patients were dispensed only category D medication(s); 0.9% of intervention (n = 54) and 1.2% of usual care (n = 58) patients were dispensed only category X medication(s); 0.2% of intervention (n = 15) and 0.4% of usual care (n = 20) patients were dispensed both category D and X medications (p = 0.05). This resulted in intervention patients receiving 238 dispensings of unique targeted medications and usual care patients receiving 361 dispensings of unique targeted medications (p = 0.03). The study was stopped primarily due to 2 false-positive alert types: Misidentification of medications as contraindicated in pregnancy by the pharmacy information system and misidentification of pregnancy related to delayed transfer of diagnosis information.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coupling data from information systems with knowledge and skills of physicians and pharmacists resulted in improved prescribing safety. Systems limitations contributed to project discontinuation. Linking ambulatory clinical, laboratory, and pharmacy information to provide safety alerts is not sufficient to ensure project success and sustainability.
authors: Kaiser Permanente Colorado Clinical Research Unit, PO Box 378066, Denver, CO 80237-8066, USA. marsha.a.raebel@kp.org
authors: Marsha A
authors: MA
authors: Raebel
authors: Nikki M
authors: NM
authors: Carroll
authors: Julia A
authors: JA
authors: Kelleher
authors: Elizabeth A
authors: EA
authors: Chester
authors: Sally
authors: S
authors: Berga
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Magid
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D016303:Clinical Pharmacy Information Systems; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D004360:Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050316:Medical Order Entry Systems; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D017010:Reminder Systems