title: Site-specific protein immobilization in a microfluidic chip channel via an IEF-gelation process.
abstract: A novel strategy for site-specific protein immobilization via combining chip IEF with low-temperature sol-gel technology, called IEF-GEL here, in the channel of a modified poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microfluidic chip is proposed in this work. The IEF-GEL process involves firstly IEF for homogeneously dissolved protein in PBS containing alumina sol and carrier ampholyte with prearranged pH gradient, and then gelation locally for protein encapsulation. The process and feasibility of proposed IEF-GEL were investigated by EOF measurements, fluorescence microscopic photography, Raman spectrum and further demonstrated by glucose oxidase (GOx) reactors integrated with end-column electrochemical detection. Site-controllable immobilization of protein was realized in a 30 mm long microfluidic chip channel by the strategy to create a approximately 1.7 mm concentrated FITC-BSA band, which leads to great improvement of the elute peak shape, accomplished with remarkably increased sensitivity, approximately 20 times higher than that without IEF-GEL treatment to GOx reactors. The kinetic response of GOx after IEF-GEL treatment was also investigated. The proposed system holds the advantages of IEF and low-temperature sol-gel technologies, i.e. concentrating the protein to be focused and retaining the biological activity for the gel-embedded protein, thus realizes site-specific immobilization of low-concentration protein at nL volume level.
authors: Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
authors: Mianhong
authors: M
authors: Shi
authors: Youyuan
authors: Y
authors: Peng
authors: Shaoning
authors: S
authors: Yu
authors: Baohong
authors: B
authors: Liu
authors: Jilie
authors: J
authors: Kong
mesh_terms: D000665:Ampholyte Mixtures / Q000737:chemistry; D046209:Electrophoresis, Microchip / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D005782:Gels / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007525:Isoelectric Focusing / Q000379:methods*; D007700:Kinetics; D044085:Microfluidics / Q000379:methods; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000665:Ampholyte Mixtures; D005782:Gels; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D011506:Proteins; C039217:fluorescein isothiocyanate bovine serum albumin; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate