title: Alcohol consumption and risk of bladder cancer in Los Angeles County.
abstract: The role of alcoholic beverages in bladder carcinogenesis is still unclear, with conflicting evidence from different studies. We investigated the relationship between alcohol consumption and bladder cancer, and the potential interaction between alcohol consumption and other exposures. In a population-based case-control study conducted in Los Angeles County, 1,586 pairs of cases and their matched neighborhood controls were interviewed. Data were analyzed to determine whether bladder cancer risk differs by alcohol consumption, and whether different alcoholic beverages have different effects. The risk of bladder cancer decreased with increasing frequency (p for trend = 0.003) and duration of alcohol consumption (p for trend = 0.017). Subjects who drank more than 4 drinks per day had a 32% lower (odds ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.52-0.90) risk of bladder cancer than those who never drank any alcoholic beverage. Beer (p for trend = 0.002) and wine (p for trend = 0.054) consumption were associated with reduced risk of bladder cancer, while hard liquor was not. The reduction in risk was mostly seen among shorter-term smokers who urinated frequently. Alcohol consumption was strongly associated with a reduced risk of bladder cancer. The effect was modified by the type of alcoholic beverage, cigarette smoking and frequency of urination.
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. xuejuanj@usc.edu
authors: Xuejuan
authors: X
authors: Jiang
authors: J Esteban
authors: JE
authors: Castelao
authors: Susan
authors: S
authors: Groshen
authors: Victoria K
authors: VK
authors: Cortessis
authors: Ronald K
authors: RK
authors: Ross
authors: David V
authors: DV
authors: Conti
authors: Manuela
authors: M
authors: Gago-Dominguez
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001515:Beer; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015141:Los Angeles; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014554:Urination; D044465:White People; D014920:Wine