title: Centrifugal (inside-out) enhancement of liver hemangiomas: a possible atypical appearance on contrast-enhanced US.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the prevalence and to describe the atypical centrifugal (inside-out) appearance of contrast-enhancement of liver hemangiomas on contrast-enhanced sonography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline and SonoVue-enhanced ultrasonography of 92 patients with 158 liver hemangiomas - considered atypical at grey-scale examination and confirmed by computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound follow-up - were reviewed in consensus by two experienced radiologists, who evaluated baseline echogenicity and the dynamic enhancement pattern of each lesion looking for the presence of central enhancing foci in the arterial phase followed by a centrifugal (inside-out) enhancement in the portal-venous and late phases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After administration of SonoVue, 12/158 hemangiomas (7.6%) (size range: 1-7cm; mean: 3.2cm) in seven patients (5 women, 2 men; age range: 34-71 years, mean: 50.8 years) showed a central enhancing focus in the arterial phase followed by a centrifugal enhancement in the portal-venous and late phases. In all cases centrifugal enhancement was incomplete at contrast-enhanced sonography, whereas computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging were able to depict a complete and homogeneous fill-in.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiologist should be aware that centrifugal (inside-out) appearance on contrast-enhanced sonography is a rare but possible feature of liver hemangioma.
authors: Department of Radiology, University of Palermo, Via Del Vespro 127, 90127 Palermo, Italy. tv.bartolotta@unipa.it
authors: Tommaso Vincenzo
authors: TV
authors: Bartolotta
authors: Adele
authors: A
authors: Taibbi
authors: Massimo
authors: M
authors: Galia
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Lo Re
authors: Ludovico
authors: L
authors: La Grutta
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Grassi
authors: Massimo
authors: M
authors: Midiri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006499:Hepatic Artery / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D045423:Microbubbles; D008875:Middle Aged; D010743:Phospholipids; D011169:Portal Vein / Q000473:pathology; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods; D018617:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Pulsed / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D010743:Phospholipids; C420843:contrast agent BR1; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride