title: An evaluation of prognostic factors and tumor staging of resected carcinoma of the esophagus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate prognostic factors and tumor staging in patients after esophagectomy for cancer.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Several reports have questioned the appropriateness of the sixth edition of the International Union Against Cancer (UICC) TNM guidelines for staging esophageal cancer. Additional pathologic characteristics, besides the 3 basic facets of anatomic spread (tumor, node, metastases), might also have prognostic value.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients who underwent resection of the esophagus for carcinoma between January 1995 and March 2003 were extracted from a prospective database. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to identify prognostic factors for survival. The goodness of fit and accuracy of 3 staging models (UICC-TNM, Korst classification, Rice classification) predicting survival were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 292 patients (mean age, 63 years) underwent esophagectomy. The 5-year overall survival rate was 29% (median, 21 months). pT-, pN-, pm-stage, and radicality of the resection were independent prognostic factors. Subdivision of T1 tumors into mucosal and submucosal showed significant differences in 5-year survival between both groups: 90% versus 47%, respectively (P = 0.01). Subdivision of pN-stage into 3 groups based on the number of positive nodes (0, 1-2, and >3 nodes positive) or the lymph node ratio (0, 0.01-0.2, and >0.2) also refined staging (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). The current subclassification of M1 (M1a and M1b) is not warranted (P = 0.41). The staging model of Rice was more accurate than the UICC-TNM classification in predicting survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports the view that the current (6th edition) UICC-TNM staging model for esophageal cancer needs to be revised.
authors: Flinders University Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia. Bas.Wijnhoven@fmc.sa.gov.au
authors: Bas P L
authors: BP
authors: Wijnhoven
authors: Khe T C
authors: KT
authors: Tran
authors: Adrian
authors: A
authors: Esterman
authors: David I
authors: DI
authors: Watson
authors: Hugo W
authors: HW
authors: Tilanus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016629:Esophagectomy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome