title: Antifungal compounds from cultures of dairy propionibacteria type strains.
abstract: Antifungal compounds from cultures of five type strains of dairy propionibacteria, as well as from the cultivation medium, were studied. Cell-free supernatants and medium were fractionated by C(18) solid phase extraction. The aqueous 95% acetonitrile fractions were analyzed by GC-MS or subjected to reversed-phase HPLC, to identify, quantify or isolate antifungal substances. The resulting HPLC fractions were screened for antifungal activity against the mold Aspergillus fumigatus and the yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. Active fractions were further separated by HPLC and the structures of the compounds were determined by spectroscopic and chromatographic methods. All five strains produced 3-phenyllactic acid, at concentrations ranging from 1.0 microg mL(-1) (Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii) to 15.1 microg mL(-1) (Propionibacterium thoenii), and at L/D -ratios ranging from 2 : 3 (Propionibacterium acidipropionici) to 9 : 1 (Propionibacterium freudenreichii). A number of active compounds found in cultures of propionibacteria were also present in noninoculated growth medium: two antifungal diketopiperazines, cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro) and cyclo(L-Ile-L-Pro), and seven antifungal linear peptides. Three of the linear peptides corresponded to sequences found in the medium component casein, suggesting their origin from this component, whereas the diketopiperazines were suggested to be formed from medium peptides by heat treatment.
authors: Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors: Helena
authors: H
authors: Lind
authors: Jörgen
authors: J
authors: Sjögren
authors: Suresh
authors: S
authors: Gohil
authors: Lennart
authors: L
authors: Kenne
authors: Johan
authors: J
authors: Schnürer
authors: Anders
authors: A
authors: Broberg
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001232:Aspergillus fumigatus / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000737:chemistry; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000382:microbiology*; D054659:Diketopiperazines; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D007773:Lactates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D010879:Piperazines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D011424:Propionibacterium / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D012248:Rhodotorula / Q000187:drug effects; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D054659:Diketopiperazines; D004151:Dipeptides; D007773:Lactates; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D010879:Piperazines; C118540:cyclo(phenylalanyl-prolyl); C017648:3-phenyllactic acid