title: The effects of exercise training on the kinetics of oxygen uptake in patients with chronic heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prolonged oxygen uptake kinetics (O2 kinetics), following the onset of a constant workload of exercise has been associated with a poor prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure. This study aimed to determine both continuous and interval training effects on the different O2-kinetics phases in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one patients (60+/-8 years) with stable chronic heart failure participated in a 36-session exercise rehabilitation program (three times weekly). Patients were randomly assigned to interval training (n=11; 100% of peak work rate for 30 s, alternating with 30 s-rest) and to continuous training (n=10; 50% of peak work rate).
  
  
  METHODS
  Before and after the completion of the program, all patients performed both incremental symptom-limited and constant workload submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise tests. Phase I O2-kinetics was evaluated by time (t), from the start of exercise until the onset of decreased respiratory exchange ratio and phase II by the time constant (tau) of the response from the end of phase I until steady state.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After training, there was a significant increase in peak oxygen uptake and peak work rate in both continuous (15.3+/-4.4 vs. 16.6+/-4.5 ml/kg per min; P=0.03 and 81.8+/-40.1 vs. 94.7+/-46.1 W; P=0.03) and interval training groups (14.2+/-3.1 vs. 15.4+/-4.2 ml/kg per min; P=0.03 and 82.5+/-24.1 vs. 93.7+/-30.1 W; P=0.04). Patients who underwent interval training had a significant decrease in t (39.7+/-3.7 to 36.1+/-6.9 s; P=0.05), but not tau (59.6+/-9.4 to 58.9+/-8.5 s; P=ns), whereas those assigned to continuous training had a significant decrease in both t (40.6+/-6.1 to 36.4+/-5.4 s; P=0.01) and tau (63.3+/-23.6 to 42.5+/-16.7 s; P=0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exercise training improves O2 kinetics in chronic heart failure patients. Both continuous and interval training improve phase I O2-kinetics, but continuous training results in superior improvement of the phase II O2-kinetics, an indirect index of muscle oxidative capacity.
authors: Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine Department, Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing and Rehabilitation Laboratory, Evgenidio Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors: Petros
authors: P
authors: Roditis
authors: Stavros
authors: S
authors: Dimopoulos
authors: Dimitrios
authors: D
authors: Sakellariou
authors: Serafim
authors: S
authors: Sarafoglou
authors: Elissavet
authors: E
authors: Kaldara
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Venetsanakos
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Vogiatzis
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Anastasiou-Nana
authors: Charis
authors: C
authors: Roussos
authors: Serafim
authors: S
authors: Nanas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D005080:Exercise Test; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010807:Physical Endurance; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange; D012107:Research Design; D013990:Tidal Volume; D016896:Treatment Outcome