title: Distribution and patterns of lymph nodes metastases and micrometastases in the mesorectum of rectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Facts buried in the mesorectum remain to be unveiled. This study investigated the number, size, and detailed distribution of lymph nodes metastases and micrometastases within the mesorectum of rectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one patients who underwent total mesorectal excision (TME) were treated with lymph node revealing solution to retrieve lymph nodes, which were submitted to hematoxylin and eosin (HE) examination and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean number of mesorectal nodes per case was 17.7. The mean size of metastatic, micrometastatic, and isolated tumor cells (ITC) harbored nodes was 5.2 mm, 4.5 mm, and 3.3 mm, respectively. Most of the metastatic (92.1%), micrometastatic and ITC-involved nodes (69.2%) were located along the superior rectal artery (SRA). Posterior-wall located tumor might spread along both sides of the mesorectum simultaneously (P = 0.34), while lateral-wall located tumor spread preferably to ipsolateral side versus contralateral side (P = 0.012).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of the metastases and micrometastases positive lymph nodes were smaller than 5 mm and distributed along the SRA. The patterns of lymph nodes spread were related to the circumferential situation of tumor in the rectal wall. Surgical excision of the rectal cancer should completely remove the whole mesorectum, especially to avoid any damage of the mesorectum on tumor side.
authors: Institute of Digestive Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China. zheng_ych@sohu.com
authors: Yang-Chun
authors: YC
authors: Zheng
authors: Zong-Guang
authors: ZG
authors: Zhou
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Li
authors: Wen-Zhang
authors: WZ
authors: Lei
authors: Yi-Ling
authors: YL
authors: Deng
authors: Dai-Yun
authors: DY
authors: Chen
authors: Wei-Ping
authors: WP
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012007:Rectum / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery