Effects of the renin-angiotensin system genes and salt sensitivity genes on blood pressure and atherosclerosis in the total population and patients with type 2 diabetes.
Most studies on the genetic determinants of blood pressure and vascular complications of type 2 diabetes have focused on the effects of single genes. These studies often have yielded conflicting results. Therefore, we examined the combined effects of three renin-angiotensin system (RAS) genes and three salt sensitivity genes in relation to blood pressure and atherosclerosis in the total population and type 2 diabetic patients. The study was a part of the Rotterdam Study, a population-based cohort study. We have genotyped three RAS gene polymorphisms and three salt sensitivity gene polymorphisms. Diabetic patients with three risk genotypes of the RAS genes had a 6.9 mmHg higher systolic blood pressure (P for trend = 0.04) and a 6.0 mmHg higher pulse pressure (P for trend = 0.03) than those who did not carry any risk genotypes. Diabetic patients with three risk genotypes of the salt sensitivity genes had a 9.0 mmHg higher systolic blood pressure (P = 0.19) and a 13.1 mmHg higher pulse pressure (P = 0.02). Diabetic patients who carried three risk genotypes for the RAS genes had a higher mean intima-media thickness than those with two risk genotypes (mean difference 0.04 mm, P = 0.02). We found that among type 2 diabetic patients, mean systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and risk of hypertension increased with the number of risk genotypes for the RAS genes and the salt sensitivity genes.
Yazdanpanah
Mojgan
M
Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Aulchenko
Yuri S
YS
Hofman
Albert
A
Janssen
Joop A M J L
JA
Sayed-Tabatabaei
Fakhredin A
FA
van Schaik
Ron H N
RH
Klungel
Olaf H
OH
Stricker
Bruno H C H
BH
Pols
Huibert A P
HA
Witteman
Jacqueline C M
JC
Lamberts
Steven W J
SW
Oostra
Ben A
BA
van Duijn
Cornelia M
CM
D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000235:genetics; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000235:genetics*; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000009:adverse effects*
D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary