title: Management of second branchial cleft abnormalities in adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Branchial cleft anomalies are developmental disorders of the neck. Our aim is to report the diagnostic and treatment procedure followed in three cases of second branchial cleft abnormalities in adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A patient aged over 40 underwent surgical excision of a well-encapsulated cystic neck structure and two further patients of a branchial sinus and branchial fistula respectively. Prior to surgery the patients were assessed by means of imaging techniques, FNA cytology and cytometric DNA analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neutrophils, debris, mature squamous epithelial cells including degenerate forms and lymphoid cells were the key features in the cytological diagnosis. DNA analysis of the pre-operative cytological material in two cases revealed euploidy, thus indicating no malignancy. Histological examination of the lesions after excision established the diagnosis in all cases. No recurrences were reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although congenital lesions, the second branchial cleft abnormalities usually present in adulthood and have to be distinguished from benign and malignant lateral neck swellings. FNA cytology as well as DNA ploidy determination contributes to the establishment of the diagnosis of branchial cleft abnormalities and their differential diagnosis.
authors: ENT Department, Chania General Hospital, Chania, Crete, Greece.
authors: T S
authors: TS
authors: Chimona
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Tamiolakis
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Proimos
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Perogamvrakis
authors: S G
authors: SG
authors: Korres
authors: C E
authors: CE
authors: Papadakis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D001934:Branchial Region / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001935:Branchioma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017577:Cutaneous Fistula / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005402:Fistula / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010039:Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010608:Pharyngeal Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011003:Ploidies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed