title: Late presentation for HIV care in central Haiti: factors limiting access to care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Many patients with HIV infection present for care late in the course of their disease, a factor which is associated with poor prognosis. Our objective was to identify factors associated with late presentation for HIV care among patients in central Haiti.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one HIV-positive adults, approximately 10% of the HIV-infected population followed at a central Haiti hospital, participated in this research study. A two-part research tool that included a structured questionnaire and an ethnographic life history interview was used to collect quantitative as well as qualitative data about demographic factors related to presentation for HIV care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-five percent of the patients in this study presented late for HIV care, as defined by CD4 cell count below 350 cells/mm3. Factors associated with late presentation included male sex, older age, patient belief that symptoms are not caused by a medical condition, greater distance from the medical clinic, lack of prior access to effective medical care, previous requirement to pay for medical care, and prior negative experience at local hospitals. Harsh poverty was a striking theme among all patients interviewed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Delays in presentation for HIV care in rural Haiti are linked to demographic, socioeconomic and structural factors, many of which are rooted in poverty. These data suggest that a multifaceted approach is needed to overcome barriers to early presentation for care. This approach might include poverty alleviation strategies; provision of effective, reliable and free medical care; patient outreach through community health workers and collaboration with traditional healers.
authors: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Louis
authors: L C
authors: LC
authors: Ivers
authors: M C
authors: MC
authors: Smith Fawzi
authors: K A
authors: KA
authors: Freedberg
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Castro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D003710:Demography; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006205:Haiti / Q000453:epidemiology; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012923:Social Class