title: Birth trauma among live born term neonates at a referral hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the occurrence, risk factors and outcomes of mechanical birth injuries among live term neonates.
  
  
  METHODS
  A two-year retrospective case control study (September 2000-August 2002) was conducted in a referral hospital in Addis Ababa.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and fifty cases and 358 controls were studied. Subgaleal hemorrhage was the commonest birth injury (61%). Primiparity, vacuum delivery, forceps delivery and birth weight > 3.5 kilograms were found to be strongly associated with birth trauma. Infants with subgaleal hemorrhage were more likely to be complicated than infants with other mechanical birth injuries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Indications and benefits of instrumntal delivery should be revised in our circumstances and prim gravid mothers should be evaluated carefully during ANC follow-up.
authors: Department of pediatrics and Child Health, faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Hailu
authors: Bogale
authors: B
authors: Worku
mesh_terms: D001720:Birth Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005002:Ethiopia; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D050498:Live Birth; D008297:Male; D009772:Obstetrical Forceps / Q000009:adverse effects; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors