title: Rapid determination of hospital-acquired meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus lineages.
abstract: Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and multi-strain microarray analysis have shown that most human Staphylococcus aureus strains belong to ten dominant clonal complexes (CCs) or lineages, each with unique surface architecture. Meticillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains currently belong to six of these lineages (CC1, CC5, CC8, CC22, CC30 and CC45), each of which has independently acquired mobile genetic elements (MGEs) carrying antibiotic resistance genes. MLST and microarrays are expensive and time consuming methods for routine determination of S. aureus lineage. A restriction-modification (RM) test has now been developed that is rapid, simple, inexpensive and accurately determines lineage of hospital-acquired MRSA. The RM test is based on three PCRs for hsdS gene variants, as hsdS genes likely control the independent evolution of S. aureus lineages. The RM test correctly identified 102 MRSA isolates as belonging to one of the six lineages/CCs. Real-time MRSA typing can be used to identify and track changes in local MRSA outbreaks, and provide support for targeting infection control strategies. Simple and accurate typing methods will also support large scale epidemiological studies, and could lead to greater understanding of the carriage, spread and virulence of different MRSA lineages.
authors: Centre for Infection, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK.
authors: Joshua D
authors: JD
authors: Cockfield
authors: Department of Nephrology & Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's, King's & St Thomas' Medical School, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
authors: Smriti
authors: S
authors: Pathak
authors: Department of Infection, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.|Department of Nephrology & Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's, King's & St Thomas' Medical School, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
authors: Jonathan D
authors: JD
authors: Edgeworth
authors: Centre for Infection, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK.
authors: Jodi A
authors: JA
authors: Lindsay
mesh_terms: D003428:Cross Infection / Q000382:microbiology*; D015280:DNA Restriction-Modification Enzymes / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D015253:Deoxyribonucleases, Type I Site-Specific / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology / Q000379:methods; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D015280:DNA Restriction-Modification Enzymes; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D015253:Deoxyribonucleases, Type I Site-Specific