title: Evaluation of an anatomic model of the paranasal sinuses for endonasal surgical training.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the suitability of a new anatomic model of the paranasal sinuses for endonasal surgical training.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational pilot study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A new anatomic model of the paranasal sinuses was developed by the Department of Anatomy at the University of Zurich. The practicability of the model was evaluated by three experienced endoscopic sinus surgeons with a special focus on its possible use in training. Standardized surgical procedures were performed under simulated real-life conditions in the operating theatre.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The endoscopic appearance of the nasal airway closely resembled real human tissue and the detailed anatomy of the model allowed the same structured surgical steps to be performed as in real life in the absence of bleeding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This anatomic model is a readily available teaching tool for endoscopic sinus surgeons.
authors: ORL-Zentrum, Center for Otology, Skull Base Surgery, Rhinology and Facial Plastic Surgery, The Hirslanden Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland. briner@orl-zentrum.com
authors: Hans Rudolf
authors: HR
authors: Briner
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Simmen
authors: Nick
authors: N
authors: Jones
authors: Darko
authors: D
authors: Manestar
authors: Mirjana
authors: M
authors: Manestar
authors: Axel
authors: A
authors: Lang
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Groscurth
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002102:Cadaver; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000193:education*; D005005:Ethmoid Sinus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D005626:Frontal Sinus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000193:education; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013101:Sphenoid Sinus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D013664:Teaching Materials; D014741:Video Recording