title: Endomorphin-2-immunoreactive fibers selectively appose serotonergic neuronal somata in the rostral ventral medial medulla.
abstract: The rostral portion of the ventral medial medulla (RVM) is a crucial site for the supraspinal antinociceptive actions of opioids. Previous studies have reported that serotonergic antagonists block the analgesia induced by microinjection of morphine into the RVM (Hammond and Yaksh [1984] Brain Res 298:329-337) and that spinally projecting serotonergic RVM neurons express mu-opioid receptors (MOR) (Kalyuzhny et al. [1996] J Neurosci 16:6490-6503; Wang and Wessendorf [1999] J Comp Neurol 404:183-196). In addition, axons immunoreactive for the endogenous MOR ligand endomorphin-2 (Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH2) (EM-2) have been reported to be in the RVM (Martin-Schild et al. [1999] J Comp Neurol 405:450-471; Pierce and Wessendorf [2000] J Chem Neuroanat 18:181-207). In the present study we examined the relationship of EM-2-immunoreactive (EM-2-ir) axons to serotonergic and nonserotonergic RVM neurons in rats, including neurons projecting to the dorsal spinal cord. We also examined the origins of EM-2-ir in the RVM. Using unbiased methods we estimated the total number of cells in the RVM to be 1.50 x 10(4) and of these up to 70% were retrogradely labeled from the dorsal spinal cord. EM-2-ir fibers apposed both serotonergic and nonserotonergic RVM neuronal profiles. However, serotonergic profiles were significantly more likely to be apposed than nonserotonergic profiles. Thus, although serotonergic neurons comprise a minority of RVM neurons (23% of the total RVM neurons), they appear to be selectively apposed by EM-2-ir fibers. We also found that hypothalamic EM-2-ir neurons, but not EM-2-ir neurons, in the nucleus of the solitary tract projected their axons to the RVM.
authors: Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA. guxx0030@umn.edu
authors: Ming
authors: M
authors: Gu
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Wessendorf
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002452:Cell Count; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000166:cytology*; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000378:metabolism; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism*; D013266:Stilbamidines / Q000378:metabolism; D014365:Tryptophan Hydroxylase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C049774:2-hydroxy-4,4'-diamidinostilbene, methanesulfonate salt; D009842:Oligopeptides; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu; D013266:Stilbamidines; D012701:Serotonin; C105294:endomorphin 2; D014365:Tryptophan Hydroxylase