title: Rate, degree, and predictors of recovery from disability following ischemic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the rate, degree, and predictors of recovery from disabling ischemic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with ischemic stroke enrolled in the Management of Atherothrombosis With Clopidogrel in High-Risk Patients (MATCH) study underwent long-term prospective assessment of their modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score. Disability (functionally dependent state) was defined as mRS > or = 3, and recovery (functionally independent state) was defined as mRS < 3. The timing and the independent predictors of recovery were determined using a Cox proportional hazards multiple regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 7,599 patients enrolled with ischemic stroke or TIA, 1,662 (21.8%) were disabled (mRS > or = 3) at baseline (median of 14 [0 to 96] days after stroke onset). Disability was moderate (mRS 3) in 931 (56%) patients, severe (mRS 4) in 691 (42%), and very severe (mRS 5) in 40 (2%). By 18 months, 877 (52.8%, 95% CI 50% to 55%) patients had recovered, 589 (63%, 60% to 66%) with moderate disability, 281 (41%, 37% to 44%) with severe disability, and 7 (17%, 7 to 33%) with very severe disability. Median time to recovery was 3 months for patients with moderate disability and 18 months for severe disability; 82.5% of severely disabled patients remained so at 18 months. Predictors of recovery were moderate disability (mRS 3) at baseline compared with severe (mRS 4: hazard ratio [HR] 2.13, 1.86 to 2.44) or very severe disabling stroke (HR 5.88, 2.86 to 12.5); younger women (aged <65 years, compared with > or =75 years; HR 1.85, 1.47 to 2.33); decreasing time (days) between the qualifying event and the baseline assessment (HR 1.01, 1.01 to 1.02); and the absence of previous ischemic stroke (HR 1.61, 1.35 to 1.92), concurrent peripheral artery disease (HR 1.61, 1.23 to 2.13), or diabetes (HR 1.30, 1.10 to 1.54).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Half of patients with disabling ischemic stroke recovered within 18 months, and recovery was greatest within 6 months. Significant predictors of recovery included the severity of the index stroke and no history of ischemic stroke, peripheral artery disease, or diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia. gjhankey@cyllene.uwa.edu.au
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Hankey
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Spiesser
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hakimi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bego
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carita
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gabriel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015984:Causality; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D015331:Cohort Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000187:drug effects; D012044:Regression Analysis; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine