title: Relation of arterial stiffness to left ventricular structure and function in adolescents and young adults with pediatric-onset systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Limited adult data suggested arterial stiffening in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We investigated the hypothesis that arterial stiffening is related to left ventricular (LV) structure and function in adolescents and young adults with pediatric-onset SLE.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 32 patients with SLE (28 female) aged 17.3 +/- 4.8 years. The arterial stiffness was assessed by the carotid artery stiffness index, while the LV mass and cardiac function were assessed echocardiographically. These indices were compared to those of 15 healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with controls, patients with SLE had lower LV shortening fraction, ejection fraction and mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening, reduced mitral early diastolic inflow velocity and early (e(m)) diastolic myocardial tissue velocity, and lower systolic strain and systolic and diastolic strain rates of the LV free wall (all p < or = 0.02). Their global LV function was impaired as reflected by the significantly higher myocardial performance index (MPI; p = 0.02). The carotid arterial stiffness index (p < 0.001) and LV mass (p < 0.001) were significantly greater in patients than controls. Among patients with SLE, the carotid arterial stiffness index correlated with disease activity index (r = 0.46, p = 0.009). Multivariate analysis revealed that carotid arterial stiffness was a significant independent determinant of LV mass (beta = 0.52, p < 0.001), MPI (beta = 0.43, p = 0.002), e(m) velocity (beta = -0.46, p = 0.001), and systolic strain rate of the LV free wall (beta = -0.46, p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Arterial stiffening occurs in adolescents and young adults with SLE, which may contribute to the development of LV hypertrophy and subclinical myocardial dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Pak-Cheong
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: Marco Hok-Kung
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Tsz-Leung
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yu-Lung
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Yiu-Fai
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Cheung
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004452:Echocardiography; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D004548:Elasticity; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology