Fourth-grade children are less accurate in reporting school breakfast than school lunch during 24-hour dietary recalls.
OBJECTIVE
To compare reporting accuracy for breakfast and lunch in 2 studies.


METHODS
Children were observed eating school meals and interviewed the following morning about the previous day. In Study 1, 104 children were each interviewed 1 to 3 times with >or=25 days separating any 2 interviews. In Study 2, 121 children were each interviewed once in forward (morning-to-evening) and once in reverse (evening-to-morning) order, with these interviews separated by >or=29 days.


METHODS
12 schools.


METHODS
Fourth-grade children.


METHODS
For each meal, food-item variables (observed number, reported number, omission rate, intrusion rate, total inaccuracy) and kcal variables (observed, reported, correspondence rate, inflation ratio).


METHODS
General linear mixed models.


RESULTS
For each study, observed and reported numbers of items and kcal, and correspondence rate (reporting accuracy), were greater for lunch than for breakfast; omission rate, intrusion rate, and inflation ratio (measures of reporting error) were greater for breakfast than for lunch. In Study 1, for each meal over interviews, total inaccuracy decreased and correspondence rate increased. In Study 2, for each meal for boys for reverse and for girls for forward order, omission rate was lower and correspondence rate was higher.


CONCLUSIONS
Breakfast was reported less accurately than lunch. Despite improvement over interviews (Study 1) and differences for order x sex (Study 2), reporting accuracy was low for breakfast and lunch.
Baxter
Suzanne Domel
SD
Institute for Families in Society [corrected] University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA. sbaxter@gwm.sc.edu
Royer
Julie A
JA
Hardin
James W
JW
Guinn
Caroline H
CH
Smith
Albert F
AF
D002648:Child; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004435:Eating / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005522:Food Services; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D019370:Observation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012574:Schools; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012737:Sex Factors; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D013997:Time Factors