title: Infliximab plus prednisone or placebo plus prednisone for the initial treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica: a randomized trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A reliable alternative to steroids for treating polymyalgia rheumatica has not yet been identified. Although infliximab has been used occasionally in steroid-resistant cases, its efficacy has not been demonstrated in a controlled study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy of prednisone plus infliximab with that of prednisone plus placebo in patients with newly diagnosed polymyalgia rheumatica.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  7 rheumatology clinics in Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  51 patients with newly diagnosed polymyalgia rheumatica. Patients with associated giant cell arteritis and those who had been previously treated with steroids or biological or immunosuppressive agents were excluded.
  
  
  METHODS
  Initial therapy with oral prednisone tapered from 15 mg/d to 0 mg/d over 16 weeks according to a standard protocol, plus infusions of placebo or infliximab, 3 mg/kg of body weight, at weeks 0, 2, 6, 14, and 22.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary efficacy end point was the proportion of patients without relapse or recurrence through week 52. Secondary outcomes were the proportion of patients no longer taking prednisone, the number of relapses and recurrences, the duration of prednisone therapy, and the cumulative prednisone dose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four patients (3 in the infliximab group and 1 in the placebo group) did not complete the trial. The proportion of patients who were free of relapse and recurrence at 52 weeks did not differ between groups (6 of 20 patients [30%] in the infliximab group vs. 10 of 27 patients [37%] in the placebo group; adjusted risk difference, -3 percentage points [95% CI, -31 to 24 percentage points]; P = 0.80). In a sensitivity analysis that included dropouts, the best-case scenario yielded a difference of 5 percentage points (CI, -21 to 31 percentage points) between the groups. The secondary outcomes at weeks 22 and 52 did not differ between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study had a small sample and a short follow-up. A low dosage of infliximab was used, and the prednisone dosage was rapidly tapered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although too small to be definitive, the trial provides evidence that adding infliximab to prednisone for treating newly diagnosed polymyalgia rheumatica is of no benefit and may be harmful. If there is benefit, it is unlikely to be large. Australian Clinical Trials Registry number: ACTRN012606000205538.
authors.affiliation: Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy. salvarani.carlo@asmn.re.it
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Salvarani
authors.forename: PierLuigi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Macchioni
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Manzini
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paolazzi
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trotta
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Manganelli
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cimmino
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gerli
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Catanoso
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boiardi
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cantini
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Klersy
authors.forename: Gene G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Hunder
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D000069285:Infliximab; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D011111:Polymyalgia Rheumatica / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011241:Prednisone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012008:Recurrence; D012074:Remission Induction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D010919:Placebos; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000069285:Infliximab; D011241:Prednisone