title: Urban feral pigeons (Columba livia) as a source for air- and waterborne contamination with Enterocytozoon bieneusi spores.
abstract: This study demonstrated that a person with 30 min of occupational or nonoccupational exposure to urban feral pigeons, such as exposure through the cleaning of surfaces contaminated with pigeon excrement, could inhale approximately 3.5 x 10(3) Enterocytozoon bieneusi spores and that 1.3 x 10(3) spores could be inhaled by a nearby person.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. tgraczyk@jhsph.edu
authors.forename: Thaddeus K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Graczyk
authors.forename: Deirdre
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sunderland
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Rule
authors.forename: Alexandre J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Iaci N S
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Moura
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tamang
authors.forename: Autumn S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Girouard
authors.forename: Kellogg J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Schwab
authors.forename: Patrick N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Breysse
mesh_terms: D000391:Air Microbiology; D000818:Animals; D010856:Columbidae / Q000382:microbiology*; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D021862:Enterocytozoon / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006801:Humans; D016881:Microsporidiosis / Q000209:etiology; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D012307:Risk Factors; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014504:Urban Health; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal