title: Identification of commensal bacterial strains that modulate Yersinia enterocolitica and dextran sodium sulfate-induced inflammatory responses: implications for the development of probiotics.
abstract: An increasing body of evidence suggests that probiotic bacteria are effective in the treatment of enteric infections, although the molecular basis of this activity remains elusive. To identify putative probiotics, we tested commensal bacteria in terms of their toxicity, invasiveness, inhibition of Yersinia-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo, and modulation of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. The commensal bacteria Escherichia coli, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bacteroides vulgatus, Bacteroides distasonis, and Streptococcus salivarius were screened for adhesion to, invasion of, and toxicity for host epithelial cells (EC), and the strains were tested for their ability to inhibit Y. enterocolitica-induced NF-kappaB activation. Additionally, B. adolescentis was administered to mice orally infected with Y. enterocolitica and to mice with mucosae impaired by DSS treatment. None of the commensal bacteria tested was toxic for or invaded the EC. B. adolescentis, B. distasonis, B. vulgatus, and S. salivarius inhibited the Y. enterocolitica-induced NF-kappaB activation and interleukin-8 production in EC. In line with these findings, B. adolescentis-fed mice had significantly lower results for mean pathogen burden in the visceral organs, intestinal tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA expression, and loss of body weight upon oral infection with Y. enterocolitica. In addition, the administration of B. adolescentis decelerated inflammation upon DSS treatment in mice. We suggest that our approach might help to identify new probiotics to be used for the treatment of inflammatory and infectious gastrointestinal disorders.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Strasse 6, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany. julia-stefanie.frick@med.uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: Julia S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Frick
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.forename: Frauke
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kahl
authors.forename: Maria J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Niemiec
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Quitadamo
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schenk
authors.forename: Ingo B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Autenrieth
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000254:growth & development*; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000502:physiology; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000502:physiology; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D016264:Dextran Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000382:microbiology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000502:physiology; D015009:Yersinia Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D015008:Yersinia enterocolitica / Q000472:pathogenicity*
chemical_list: D016264:Dextran Sulfate