title: Effect of tocopherols in the antioxidative activity of oxidized lipid-amine reaction products.
abstract: Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysine (Lys), and mixtures of them were tested for antioxidative activity in a tocopherol-stripped olive oil (TSO) and the same oil after addition of 250 microg of alpha-tocopherol g of oil/(tocopherol-added olive oil, TAO) to evaluate the role of tocopherol in the antioxidant activity of oxidized lipid-amine products. Neither PE nor PC nor Lys protected TSO when tested alone, but both PE and Lys increased the induction period (IP) of TAO. On the contrary, PE/Lys and PC/Lys mixtures, but not PC/PE mixtures, protected both TSO and TAO. These results were a consequence of both the formation of oxidized lipid-amine products, which were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after their conversion into volatile derivatives, and a synergism between alpha-tocopherol and the produced compounds. These results were confirmed by analyzing the antioxidative activity of two of the produced carbonyl-amine products: 6-amino-2-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)hexanoic acid (1) and 2,3-dipalmitoylpropyl 2-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)ethyl phosphate (2). The hydrophilic compound 1 was more antioxidant than the analogous lipophilic compound 2, and this antioxidative activity was observed in TAO and not in TSO. All these results suggested that antioxidative activity of carbonyl-amine products may be greatly increased with the addition of tocopherols, and those products derived from Lys are more antioxidant in bulk oils than those derived from PE.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida Padre García Tejero 4, 41012 Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Hidalgo
authors.forename: M Mercedes
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: León
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zamora
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D008239:Lysine / Q000737:chemistry*; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines / Q000737:chemistry; D010718:Phosphatidylserines / Q000737:chemistry; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000737:chemistry; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008055:Lipids; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines; D010718:Phosphatidylserines; D010938:Plant Oils; D011758:Pyrroles; C483858:phosphatidylethanolamine; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol; D008239:Lysine