title: NFAT signaling and the invention of vertebrates.
abstract: The calcium/calcineurin-dependent NFATc family is thought to have arisen following the recombination of an ancient precursor with a Rel domain about 500 million years ago, producing a new group of signaling and transcription factors (the NFATc genes) found only in the genomes of vertebrates. Cell biological, genetic and biochemical evidence indicates that the circuitry of this pathway is well suited for intercalation with older pathways. We propose that this recombination enabled Ca(2+) signals to be redirected to a new transcriptional program, which provided part of the groundwork for vertebrate morphogenesis and organogenesis. This notion predicts that calcineurin-NFAT signaling would be essential for much of vertebrate development. We review recent evidence supporting this prediction and propose a systematic approach to explore aspects of vertebrate morphogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Stanford University and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pathology, Beckman Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Alys
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peisley
authors.forename: Isabella A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Graef
authors.forename: Gerald R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Crabtree
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009024:Morphogenesis; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014714:Vertebrates / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D002118:Calcium