title: Long-lasting evolution of ptosis control after reduction mammaplasty using the hammock technique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The hammock technique combines inferior pedicle mammaplasty with retropectoral and inferior suspensions to prevent displacement of breast tissue toward the inferior mammarian pole. This study aimed to assess the long-lasting internal suspension with the author's mammary reduction technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1987 to 2005, the hammock technique was performed for 623 breast reduction patients (1,201 breasts), including 318 women (636 breasts) who underwent the technique between 1994 and 2005. From the latter group, the author retrospectively reviewed the case histories of 281 patients who had come for long-term follow-up evaluation. All had significant ptosis associated with breast hypertrophy. Preoperative and postoperative examinations included evaluation of postoperative bottoming out by monitoring of three measurements: the sternal notch-to-nipple length, the inferior areolar border-to-inframammary fold length, and the distance between the inframmary fold and the projection of the lowest breast contour on the chest wall.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The evaluation data on postoperative ptosis are derived from a control study at 30 months, 5 years, and 7 years or more for 281 women (562 breasts) of the 318 who underwent surgery using this technique over the 11-year period. Review after 2.5 to 7 years or more shows that inferior areolar border-inframammary fold distance increases no more than 10 mm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hammock technique suspension achieves true permanent breast lifting through dermis strips from the inferior pedicle itself. This procedure also gives predictable results, a low morbidity rate, and good breast shape.
authors.affiliation: Pérez-Macías Plastic Surgery Clinic, Valladolid, Spain. perezmacias@cirugiaestetica-drperezmacias.com
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pérez-Macías
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015595:Skin Aging; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013536:Suture Techniques