title: Transport of sennosides and sennidines from Cassia angustifolia and Cassia senna across Caco-2 monolayers--an in vitro model for intestinal absorption.
abstract: Laxative effects of Senna preparations are mainly mediated by rheinanthrone, a metabolite formed in the intestinal flora from dianthrones. Nevertheless, it was not clear whether dianthrones are bioavailable at all and contribute to the overall effects of this important medicinal plant. Using the Caco-2 human colonic cell line as an in vitro model of the human intestinal mucosal barrier, the bioavailability of dianthrones was studied in apical to basolateral (absorptive) and basolateral to apical (secretive) direction. Permeability coefficients (P(c)) and percent transport were calculated based on quantitations by HPLC. From the data obtained it was concluded that sennosides A and B, as well as their aglycones sennidine A and B are transported through the Caco-2 monolayers in a concentration-dependent manner and their transport was linear with time. The absorption in apical to basolateral direction was poor and P(c) values were comparable to mannitol. The transport was higher in the secretory direction, indicating a significant efflux (e.g. by efflux pumps) of the (poorly) absorbed compounds in the intestinal lumen again. Our findings support the general understanding that the laxative effects of Senna are explainable mainly by metabolites and not by the natively present dianthrones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Waltenberger
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Avula
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ganzera
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stuppner
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000873:Anthracenes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001262:Atenolol; D001682:Biological Availability; D001693:Biological Transport, Active; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000502:physiology*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D012676:Senna Extract; D029846:Senna Plant / Q000737:chemistry*; D000081226:Sennosides; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000873:Anthracenes; D000880:Anthraquinones; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000081226:Sennosides; D001262:Atenolol; C013946:dihydroxydianthrone; D012676:Senna Extract