title: Evaluation of eye protection filters for use with dental curing and bleaching lamps.
abstract: Exposure to intense radiation sources in a dental clinic necessitates the use of eye protective filters to avoid blue-light photochemical retinal hazard. We have investigated the filtering quality and assessed whether the filters protect sufficiently against retinal hazards throughout the workday. Visible light transmittance of 18 protective filters was measured. These products consisted of spectacles, stationary lamp shields, and a hand-held shield intended for use in dental clinics. Nine of the 18 tested filters had adequate filtering capacity according to today's lamp technology and exposure limit values. These filters transmitted less than 0.1% of the radiation at any wavelength between 400 nm and 525 nm. Seven of the nine filters showed transmission values below the detection limit (approximately 10(-3)%) in the wavelength band between 400 nm and 500 nm. Filters of inferior quality may prove inadequate if the use and radiation intensity of the lamps further increase. Lack of protection may also occur if a filter is used to protect against emission from a lamp with properties other than the lamp for which the filter has been intended. It is of major importance that the spectacles/shields accommodate the emission from the lamp source. The suppliers of dental radiation sources should be responsible for information on the need for and proper use of eye protectors. In addition, the filters should be marked according to testing procedures appropriate for the specific use.
authors.affiliation: Nordic Institute of Dental Materials, Haslum, Norway. ebr@niom.no
authors.forename: Ellen M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Bruzell
authors.forename: Bjørn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Johnsen
authors.forename: Tommy Nakken
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Aalerud
authors.forename: Terje
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Christensen
mesh_terms: D003762:Dental Instruments; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005135:Eye Protective Devices; D005374:Filtration / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control