title: Early indicators of dysmetabolic syndrome in young survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood as a target for preventing disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the presence of early indicators of the dysmetabolic syndrome (DS) in young survivors with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in childhood.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 80 patients with ALL (50 males, median age 13.9 y, median interval since completion of chemotherapy 6.3 y). Sixty-two patients (group A) received chemotherapy only, whereas 18 patients (group B) received chemotherapy and cranial irradiation (18 Gy).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Frank obesity [25%; confidence interval (CI) 95%, 16.7%-35.6%], increased blood pressure (21%; CI 95%, 13.6%-31.5%), increased serum triglycerides (21%; CI 95%, 13.6%-31.5%), reduced serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (12%; CI 95%, 6.7%-21.7%), increased fasting insulin (8%; CI 95%, 3.2%-15.7%), and osteopenia (71%; CI 95%, 60.5%-80.1%) were detected in groups A and B. Reduced IGF-1 (15%; CI 95%, 8.6%-24.6%) and thyroid hormone abnormalities (11%; CI 95%, 5.8%-20.2%) were detected only in group B. In group B, there was a statistically significant increase in the prevalence of obesity (P=0.024), hyperinsulinemia (P=0.004), and the full DS (22%; CI 95%, 8.6%-45.9% vs. 8%; CI 95%, 3.1%-18.0%; P=0.017) compared with group A.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Young survivors of childhood ALL, especially those treated with cranial irradiation, are at risk for obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hypertension, and the full DS early after the completion of therapy.
authors.affiliation: Hematology-Oncology Unit, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, and Department of Biochemistry, Agia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece. gtrim@otenet.gr
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Trimis
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moschovi
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Papassotiriou
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chrousos
authors.forename: Fotini
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tzortzatou-Stathopoulou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015984:Causality; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D016371:Cranial Irradiation / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006115:Greece / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000628:therapy; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017741:Survivors; D016896:Treatment Outcome