USF is involved in the transcriptional regulation of the chipmunk HP-25 gene.
The hibernation-specific HP-25 gene is expressed specifically in the liver of the chipmunk, a hibernating species of the squirrel family, and exists as a pseudogene in the tree squirrel, a nonhibernating species. Our previous studies have revealed two positively acting transcriptional regulatory regions in the 5'-flanking region of the chipmunk HP-25 gene, one from -260 to -80 and another from -80 to -59, and a pivotal role for hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 (HNF-4), which binds to the proximal regulatory region, in HP-25's liver-specific transcription. A database search for transcription factor binding sites in the distal regulatory region indicated the presence of two potential binding sites for upstream stimulatory factor (USF): one between -161 and -156 and the other between -143 and -138. In an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), in vitro-translated USF bound only to the sequence from -143 to -138. USF did not bind the corresponding sequence of the tree squirrel HP-25 gene, which has two base substitutions. Transient transfection studies in COS-7 cells showed that USF could activate the transcription of the chipmunk HP-25 gene, and that tree squirrel-type base substitutions in the USF-binding site aborted the transactivation by USF. By chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis, we confirmed that USF bound to the promoter region of the HP-25 gene in the chipmunk liver, and not in the kidney or heart. These results indicate that USF is involved in the transcriptional regulation of the chipmunk HP-25 gene in the liver, and that the base substitutions in the USF-binding site contribute to the lack of HP-25 gene expression in the tree squirrel.
Tsukamoto
Daisuke
D
Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan.
Fujii
Gen
G
Kondo
Noriaki
N
Ito
Michihiko
M
Shiba
Tadayoshi
T
Takamatsu
Nobuhiko
N
D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D019556:COS Cells; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012589:Sciuridae; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection
D001798:Blood Proteins; C081699:HP-25 protein, Tamias asiaticus