title: Endophytic bacterial communities in ginseng and their antifungal activity against pathogens.
abstract: Plant roots are associated with diverse communities of endophytic bacteria which do not exert adverse effects. The diversity of bacterial endophytes associated with ginseng roots cultivated in three different areas in Korea was investigated. Sixty-three colonies were isolated from the interior of ginseng roots. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates belonged to three major phylogenetic groups: the high G+C Gram-positive bacteria (HGCGPB), low G+C Gram-positive bacteria (LGCGPB), and the Proteobacteria. The dominant species at the three different ginseng growing areas were: HGCGPB at Ganghwa (55.0%), LGCGPB at Geumsan (45.5%), and Proteobacteria at Jinan (61.9%). Most cellulase-, xylanase-, and pectinase-producing colonies among the isolates belong to the LGCGPB group, except for Pectobacterium carotovora which belonged to the Proteobacteria. The 13 isolates belonging to LGCGPB and Proteobacteria were assessed for their antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi such as Rhizoctonia solani. Among them, Paenibacillus polymyxa GS01, Bacillus sp. GS07, and Pseudomonas poae JA01 show potential activity as biocontrol agents against phytopathogenic fungi. Finally, most of the low G+C Gram-positive bacteria with antifungal activity against phytopathogenic microorganisms showed cellulolytic enzyme activity while some Proteobacteria with the antifungal activity and the high G+C Gram-positive bacteria did not show any cellulolytic activity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kye Man
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Su Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Sun Mi
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yong Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Goon Gjung
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Kahng
authors.forename: Yong Pyo
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Hoon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Han Dae
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Yun
mesh_terms: D000898:Antibiosis; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001482:Base Composition; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D017753:Ecosystem; D005658:Fungi / Q000254:growth & development; D020459:Genes, rRNA; D007723:Korea; D005894:Panax / Q000382:microbiology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000382:microbiology; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S