title: Distinct role of MAPKAPK-2 in the regulation of TNF gene expression by Toll-like receptor 7 and 9 ligands.
abstract: Toll-like receptor ligands (TLRLs) produced by various pathogens activate mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). While the dependence on p38 MAPK activation for the induction of inflammatory genes by the TLR4L, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), has been well documented, the importance of the p38 pathway in gene regulation by other TLRLs is less well understood. We have focused our analysis on two TLRLs with therapeutic potential, imidazoquinoline S28463 (TLR7L) and CpG DNA (TLR9L), to explore in detail their effects on the regulation of gene expression in macrophages. Here we report that activation of the p38 MAPK/MK2 pathway is crucial for both S28463- and CpG-induced cytokine and chemokine production. We show that the stability of TNF mRNA induced by CpG DNA and S28463 is not dependent on the p38 MAPK/MK2 pathway, in contrast to LPS-induced TNF mRNA. Using a GFP reporter construct under the control of the 3' untranslated region of the TNF gene, we demonstrate that S28463 and CpG DNA-induced MK2 signalling regulates TNF mRNA primarily at the translational level, whereas LPS-induced MK2 signalling regulates both the stability and translational efficiency of TNF mRNA. Overall, these data provide insight into distinct molecular mechanisms of gene expression regulation by different Toll-like receptor ligands.
authors.affiliation: McGill University, Department of Human Genetics, Montreal General Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Que., Canada.
authors.forename: Thusanth
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thuraisingam
authors.forename: Yong Zhong
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moisan
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lachance
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garnon
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Di Marco
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gaestel
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Radzioch
mesh_terms: D000634:Aminoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D018925:Chemokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008024:Ligands; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D020871:RNA Stability / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000235:genetics; D051199:Toll-Like Receptor 7 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000099190:MAP-Kinase-Activated Kinase 2
chemical_list: D000634:Aminoquinolines; D018925:Chemokines; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008024:Ligands; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051199:Toll-Like Receptor 7; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D000099190:MAP-Kinase-Activated Kinase 2; C408982:CPG-oligonucleotide; C099445:S 28463