title: Factors affecting metal concentrations in the upper sediment layer of intertidal reedbeds along the river Scheldt.
abstract: Factors that play a role in determining metal accumulation in sediments of 26 intertidal marshes which are mainly vegetated by reed plants (Phragmites australis) were assessed along the Scheldt estuary (Belgium and The Netherlands). In the upper 20 cm sediment layer, several physico-chemical properties (clay, silt and sand content, organic matter, carbonate and chloride content, pH and conductivity) and aqua regia extractable metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) were determined. The sediments were significantly contaminated with trace metals. The Cd concentrations often exceeded the Flemish soil remediation thresholds for nature areas, whereas Cr, Cu and Zn levels indicated moderate contamination. Pb concentrations occasionally were high, whereas Ni concentrations leaned towards background values. Organic matter was the single most important predictor variable for total metal contents in regression models, except for Cr. Additional significant predictor variables were clay or chloride content, depending on the metal. Observed metal concentrations at sites within a range of a few km from specific point-sources of metals (e.g. shipyards, industrial areas with metallurgic activities, affluents, major motorways) were somewhat higher than predicted by the models, whereas they were lower than predicted at sites which are regularly subjected to flooding by water of high salinity. The ratio between observed and predicted concentrations seems to be a valuable tool for the identification of areas which are specifically impacted by point sources.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Gent, B-9000, Belgium. Gijs.DuLaing@UGent.be
authors.forename: Gijs
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Du Laing
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vandecasteele
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Grauwe
authors.forename: Wouter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Moors
authors.forename: Els
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lesage
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Meers
authors.forename: Filip M G
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Tack
authors.forename: Marc G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Verloo
mesh_terms: D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000032:analysis; D001530:Belgium; D002712:Chlorides / Q000032:analysis; D002857:Chromium / Q000032:analysis; D000077215:Clay; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis; D005843:Geography; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis*; D009426:Netherlands; D009532:Nickel / Q000032:analysis; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis; D006109:Poaceae / Q000502:physiology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D002712:Chlorides; D008670:Metals; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002857:Chromium; D007854:Lead; D003300:Copper; D009532:Nickel; D015032:Zinc; D000077215:Clay