title: Genetic variability at HPA axis in major depression and clinical response to antidepressant treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been observed in major depression. Normalization of HPA axis has been suggested to play a role in the mechanisms of action of antidepressants. Our aim was to investigate the influence of genetic variants in CRHR1, CRHR2, CRH-BP and FKBP5 genes on both the vulnerability for depression and the response to antidepressant treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 159 depressive outpatients and 96 healthy controls of Spanish origin. Patients were assessed for clinical features including, among others, age of onset, seasonality or suicidal behavior. The episode was treated with citalopram and followed along 12 weeks. Severity of symptoms was evaluated at the inclusion and then monthly along the follow-up using a 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Score (HDRS). SNPs were assayed using Applied Biosystems SNaP-Shot and TaqMan technology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  rs110402, in CRHR1 gene, was associated with an increased risk to present a seasonal pattern and an early age of onset of the first depressive episode. Allele G carriers of rs2270007 of CRHR2 gene, showed a worse overall response to citalopram along time of follow-up (Genotype effect F=7.45, P=0.007). G allele carriers showed 2.93 increased risk (95% CI [1.24-6.90]) for non-responding at 4th week to citalopram treatment (chi(2)=7.59, df=1, P=0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the light of the moderate sample size, associations based on the mentioned polymorphisms need to be considered with caution and require further replication studies in other samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Variability at genes encoding proteins with a pivotal role in HPA axis regulation seems to influence i) the expression of severity variables of the depressive spectrum including early age of onset or a seasonal pattern and ii) the interindividual variation in clinical response to SSRI antidepressants.
authors.affiliation: Unitat d'Antropologia, Departament de Biologia Animal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Sergi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Papiol
authors.forename: Bárbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Arias
authors.forename: Cristóbal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gastó
authors.forename: Blanca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Catalán
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fañanás
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015283:Citalopram / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics*; D015894:Genome, Human; D006801:Humans; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D018019:Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012621:Seasons; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D022021:Tacrolimus Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D000099052:CRF Receptor, Type 1; D000099159:Tacrolimus Binding Protein 5
chemical_list: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D015283:Citalopram; D018019:Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D022021:Tacrolimus Binding Proteins; D000099052:CRF Receptor, Type 1; D000099159:Tacrolimus Binding Protein 5; C067133:corticotropin releasing factor-binding protein