title: Applying Black's theory of law to crack and cocaine dispositions.
abstract: Since crack cocaine first appeared on the streets of the United States, the criminal justice system has been overwhelmed with poor, minority drug offenders. This situation can be attributed in part to the existence of mandatory minimum sentences that treat violations associated with crack cocaine more harshly than those associated with powder cocaine. Using data from New York City, the present study uses Black's theory of law to help understand discrepancies in crack and cocaine dispositions. Results show mixed support for Black's propositions. Racial minorities are more likely to be charged with a felony and receive longer prison sentences compared to Whites. Implications of the study and directions for future research are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Allison T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Chappell
authors.forename: Scott R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Maggard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016578:Crack Cocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003416:Criminal Law / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004335:Drug and Narcotic Control / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011582:Psychological Theory; D011640:Public Policy; D013598:Systems Theory; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D016578:Crack Cocaine