title: The use of physical hydrogels of chitosan for skin regeneration following third-degree burns.
abstract: Skin repair is an important field of the tissue engineering, especially in the case of extended third-degree burns, where the current treatments are still insufficient in promoting satisfying skin regeneration. Bio-inspired bi-layered physical hydrogels only constituted of chitosan and water were processed and applied to the treatment of full-thickness burn injuries. The aim of the study was at assessing whether this material was totally accepted by the host organism and allowed in vivo skin reconstruction of limited area third-degree burns. A first layer constituted of a rigid protective gel ensured good mechanical properties and gas exchanges. A second soft and flexible layer allowed the material to follow the geometry of the wound and ensured a good superficial contact. To compare, highly viscous solutions of chitosan were also considered. Veterinary experiments were performed on pig's skins and biopsies at days 9, 17, 22, 100 and 293, were analysed by histology and immuno-histochemistry. Only one chitosan material was used for each time. All the results showed that chitosan materials were well tolerated and promoted a good tissue regeneration. They induced inflammatory cells migration and angiogenetic activity favouring a high vascularisation of the neo-tissue. At day 22, type I and IV collagens were synthesised under the granulation tissue and the formation of the dermal-epidermal junction was observed. After 100 days, the new tissue was quite similar to a native skin, especially by its aesthetic aspect and its great flexibility.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymères et des Biomatériaux, Université Claude Bernard, UMR CNRS 5627, 15, Bd. A. Latarjet, Bât. ISTIL, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Nadège
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Boucard
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Viton
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Agay
authors.forename: Eliane
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mari
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roger
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chancerelle
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Domard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002056:Burns / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature
chemical_list: D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D048271:Chitosan