title: Metabolic follow-up after long-term pancreas graft survival.
abstract: METHODS
  Successful pancreas transplantation results in insulin independence and normoglycemia. This prospective study was performed to investigate long-term metabolic changes after pancreas transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight type 1 diabetic patients after simultaneous pancreas/kidney transplantation (SPK) with a pancreas graft survival for at least 10 years were studied in a prospective manner. HbA(1c) and glucose levels before and during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were analyzed from 3 months to 10 years after SPK. In addition, insulin secretion and glucagon response were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fasting glucose increased slightly and continuously from 3 months to 10 years (from 78 +/- 3 to 91 +/- 2 mg/dl). Even HbA(1c) levels showed a mild but significant increase from 3 months to 10 years after SPK. Glucose tolerance deteriorated markedly 10 years after SPK. Insulin secretion during OGTT remained stable for 10 years. Parameters of insulin resistance and sensitivity did not change significantly but glucagon secretion increased significantly during the course after SPK. Late after SPK, glucagon levels were higher in patients with an impaired or diabetic glucose tolerance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pancreas transplantation is able to restore endogenous insulin secretion for 10 years or more. Especially, late after SPK, a deterioration of glycemic control was detected, even if glucose values were within the normal range. During prospective long-term follow-up, an increase of glucagon secretion but no decrease of insulin secretion was detected.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Centre, Medizinische Klinik Innenstadt, University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany. christoph.dieterle@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Christoph D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Dieterle
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arbogast
authors.forename: Wolf-Dieter
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Illner
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schmauss
authors.forename: Rüdiger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Landgraf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D016035:Pancreas Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005934:Glucagon; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin