title: Short report: rare Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 19-kda (msp-1(19)) haplotypes identified in Mali using high-throughput genotyping methods.
abstract: Genetic diversity in malaria vaccine antigens may compromise malaria vaccine efficacy, so it is important to understand this diversity and the processes that generate it. By applying new high-throughput genotyping methods to a large sample of infections from Mali (N = 1369), seven new 19-kDa merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1(19)) haplotypes were identified. Herein we report the sequences of these new haplotypes and discuss their possible origins. Although they are present in < 1% of the samples examined, the existence of these rare haplotypes reveals a greater degree of diversity at this locus than previously reported and highlights the potential for Plasmodium to evolve under selective pressure from the immune system and from such interventions as vaccines and drugs.
authors.affiliation: Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.
authors.forename: Shannon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Takala
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Mahamadou A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Thera
authors.forename: Drissa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coulibaly
authors.forename: Ogobara K
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Doumbo
authors.forename: Christopher V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Plowe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005787:Gene Frequency; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000469:parasitology; D017780:Malaria Vaccines / Q000592:standards; D008302:Mali; D020066:Merozoite Surface Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000235:genetics*; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D016415:Sequence Alignment / Q000662:veterinary; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D017780:Malaria Vaccines; D020066:Merozoite Surface Protein 1; D021122:Protein Subunits; D015800:Protozoan Proteins