title: Environmental signals regulate lineage choice and temporal maturation of neural stem cells from human embryonic stem cells.
abstract: Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are a potential source of defined tissue for cell-based therapies in regenerative neurology. In order for this potential to be realized, there is a need for the evaluation of the behaviour of human embryonic stem cell-derived neural stem cells (hES-NSCs) both in the normal and the injured CNS. Using normal tissue and two experimental models, we examined the response of clinically compatible hES-NSCs to physiological and pathological signals. We demonstrate that the phenotypic potential of a multipotent population of hES-NSCs is influenced by these cues both in vitro and in vivo. hES-NSCs display a temporal profile of neurogenic and gliogenic differentiation, with the generation of mature neurons and glia over 4 weeks in vitro, and 20 weeks in the uninjured rodent brain. However, transplantation into the pathological CNS accelerates maturation and polarizes hES-NSC differentiation potential. This study highlights the role of environmental signals in determining both lineage commitment and temporal maturation of human neural stem cells. Controlled manipulation of environmental signals appropriate to the pathological specificity of the targeted disease will be necessary in the design of therapeutic stem cell-based strategies.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Alexis J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Joannides
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Webber
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Raineteau
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Karen-Amanda
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Irvine
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Watts
authors.forename: Anne E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Rosser
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Blakemore
authors.forename: Alastair
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Compston
authors.forename: Maeve A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Caldwell
authors.forename: Nicholas D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Siddharthan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chandran
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000473:pathology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D019070:Cell Lineage; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000166:cytology* / Q000473:pathology; D004594:Electrophysiology; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D039902:Multipotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D009416:Nerve Regeneration; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000166:cytology; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology; D051381:Rats; D011922:Rats, Mutant Strains; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation