title: Calpain inhibition is sufficient to suppress aggregation of polyglutamine-expanded ataxin-3.
abstract: The formation of intraneuronal inclusions is a common feature of neurodegenerative polyglutamine disorders, including Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. The mechanism that triggers inclusion formation in these typically late onset diseases has remained elusive. However, there is increasing evidence that proteolytic fragments containing the expanded polyglutamine segment are critically required to initiate the aggregation process. We analyzed ataxin-3 proteolysis in neuroblastoma cells and in vitro and show that calcium-dependent calpain proteases generate aggregation-competent ataxin-3 fragments. Co-expression of the highly specific cellular calpain inhibitor calpastatin abrogated fragmentation and the formation of inclusions in cells expressing pathological ataxin-3. These findings suggest a critical role of calpains in the pathogenesis of Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haacke
authors.forename: F Ulrich
authors.initials: FU
authors.lastname: Hartl
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Breuer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies; D000067699:Ataxin-3; D002154:Calpain / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D015759:Ionomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007476:Ionophores / Q000494:pharmacology; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology; D017827:Machado-Joseph Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009447:Neuroblastoma; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010455:Peptides / Q000235:genetics*; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007476:Ionophores; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C097188:polyglutamine; D015759:Ionomycin; C092341:ATXN3 protein, human; D000067699:Ataxin-3; C511594:Atxn3 protein, mouse; D002154:Calpain