title: Sampling method, storage and pretreatment of sediment affect AVS concentrations with consequences for bioassay responses.
abstract: Sediment treatment and sediment storage may alter sediment toxicity, and consequently biotic response. Purpose of our study was to combine these three aspects (treatment-toxicity-biotic response) in one integrated approach. We used Acid Volatile Sulfide (AVS) concentrations as a proxy of the disturbance of the sediment. AVS and Simultaneously Extracted Metal (SEM) concentrations were compared to bioassay responses with the freshwater benthic macroinvertebrate Asellus aquaticus. Storage conditions and sediment treatment affected AVS but not SEM levels. AVS can be used as a proxy for sediment disturbance. The best way to pretreat the sediment for use in a bioassay in order to maintain initial AVS conditions was to sample the sediment with an Ekman grab, immediately store it in a jar without headspace, and freeze it as soon as possible. In a survey using seven different sediments, bioassay responses of A. aquaticus were correlated with SEM and AVS characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 8080, 6700 DD, Wageningen, The Netherlands. marieke.delange@wur.nl
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: De Lange
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Van Griethuysen
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Koelmans
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005618:Fresh Water; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D007448:Invertebrates; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D009426:Netherlands; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods*; D013440:Sulfides / Q000032:analysis*; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013440:Sulfides