title: Osteochemonecrosis of jaws and bisphosphonates.
abstract: Osteochemonecrosis of the jaws is a well described side effect of bisphosphonate therapy. Bisphosphonates are non metabolised analogues of pyrophosphate that are capable of localizing to bone, slowing both rate of growth and rate of dissolution therefore reducing the rate of bone turnover. Although the exact mechanism is not clear but it has been established that bisphosphonates target osteoclast, inhibiting their function in several ways: There are two types of bisphosphonates. The first are oral preparations of bisphosphonates, which include Alendronate and Risedronate. They are indicated for the treatment of osteoporosis. They are considered as lower risk of osteochemonecrosis. The second are administered intravenously. Pamindronate is a first generation bisphosphonate; 90 mg administered intravenouly over 2-24 hours every 3-4 weeks. The next generation of intravenous bisphosphonate is Zoldronic acid, which is more effective than Pamidronate in controlling hypercalcaemia of bone and reducing the skeletal related events in patients with metastatic breast cancer, multiple myeloma, hypercalcaemia of malignancy, paget's disease and bone metastasis from prostate and lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Maxillofacial Unit, St James Hospital, Dublin. adkhosa@hotmail.com
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Khosa
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nayyar
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Beirne
mesh_terms: D019386:Alendronate / Q000009:adverse effects*; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012968:Etidronic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D006801:Humans; D007568:Jaw / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D010020:Osteonecrosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000068296:Risedronic Acid; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D000068296:Risedronic Acid; D012968:Etidronic Acid; D019386:Alendronate