title: Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid and estimation of exposure using multiple linear regression equations in Chinese renal allograft recipients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid (MPA) in Chinese adult renal allograft recipients, and to generate the validated model equations for estimation of the MPA area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to 12 hours (AUC(12)) with a limited sampling strategy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pharmacokinetics in 75 Chinese renal allograft recipients treated with mycophenolate mofetil 2 g/day in combination with cyclosporin and corticosteroids were determined. The MPA concentration was assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography at pre-dose (C(0)) and at 0.5 (C(0.5)), 1 (C(1)), 1.5 (C(1.5)), 2 (C(2)), 4 (C(4)), 6 (C(6)), 8 (C(8)), 10 (C(10)) and 12 (C(12)) hours after dosing on day 14 post-transplant. Patients were randomly divided into: (i) a model group (n = 50) to generate the model equations by multiple stepwise regression analysis for estimation of the MPA AUC by a limited sampling strategy; and (ii) a validation group (n = 25) to evaluate the predictive performance of the model equations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean MPA AUC(12) was 52.97 +/- 15.09 mg . h/L, ranging from 24.0 to 102.3 mg . h/L. The patient's age and serum albumin level had a significant impact on the MPA AUC(12). The correlation between the pre-dose MPA trough level (C(0)) and the MPA AUC(12) was poor (r(2) = 0.02, p = 0.33). Model equations 7 (MPA AUC(12) = 14.81 + 0.80 . C(0.5) + 1.56 . C(2) + 4.80 . C(4), r(2) = 0.70) and 11 (MPA AUC(12) = 11.29 + 0.51 . C(0.5) + 2.13 . C(2) + 8.15 . C(8), r(2) = 0.88) were selected for MPA AUC calculation in Chinese patients, resulting in good agreements between the estimated MPA AUC and the full MPA AUC(12), with a mean prediction error of +/-10.1 and +/-6.9 mg . h/L, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Chinese renal allograft recipients, MPA pharmacokinetics manifest substantial interindividual variability, and the MPA AUC(12) tends to be higher than that in Caucasian patients receiving the same dose of mycophenolate mofetil. Two validated model equations with three sampling timepoints are recommended for MPA AUC estimation in Chinese patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Kidney Transplantation, Department of Urology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China. peijunzhou@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Pei-Jun
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Da
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Zi-Cheng
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Xiang-Hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Ju-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019540:Area Under Curve; D044466:Asian People; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000208:ethnology; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid