title: A histologic and histomorphometric evaluation of anorganic bovine bone retrieved 9 years after a sinus augmentation procedure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anorganic bovine bone (ABB) has been shown to have osteoconductive properties and no inflammatory or adverse responses as grafting materials used in sinus augmentation procedures. Despite these successful results, histologic data in humans over the long-term period are scarce. The purpose of this study was to analyze the histomorphometric data 9 years after surgery in a case of maxillary sinus augmentation using ABB.
  
  
  METHODS
  The histologic evaluation was performed in five different thin sections of the specimen, comparing histomorphometric measures for newly formed bone, marrow spaces, biomaterial particles remnants, and number of osteocytes embedded in both trabecular bone and bone tissue near the ABB. The investigation was carried out by means of scanning electron microscopy and brightfield and circularly polarized light microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed a mean amount of newly formed bone of 46.0% +/- 4.67%, ABB remnants of 16.0% +/- 5.89%, and marrow spaces of 38.0% +/- 8.93%. The osteocyte index was 4.43 for bone around ABB and 3.27 in the trabecular bone at a distance from the particles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After 9 years, the tissue pattern appeared composed by residual ABB particles in close contact to the newly formed bone. The bone mineralized matrix around the ABB had collagen fibers randomly oriented and more osteocytes embedded. The results demonstrate both a high level of osteoconductivity and a "biomimetic" behavior over the long term.
authors.affiliation: Dental School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Tonino
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Traini
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Valentini
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iezzi
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piattelli
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods; D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020878:Device Removal; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000601:surgery / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008903:Minerals / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C077540:Bio-Oss; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D008903:Minerals