title: Comparison of curet and paper point sampling of subgingival bacteria as analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The outcome of microbiological diagnostics may depend on the sampling technique. It was the aim of the present study to compare two widely used sampling techniques for subgingival bacteria using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with chronic periodontitis were randomized into two groups. In group A, samples were taken first with a paper point and then with a curet at the same site (single-rooted teeth with probing depth >5 mm) before scaling and root planing and after 10 weeks. The sampling sequence was reversed in group B. The analysis enabled the quantification of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythensis and total bacterial counts (TBCs). Statistical analysis included t test, kappa, and Spearman correlation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher TBC was harvested with curets than by paper points (P = 0.008). The plaque composition with regard to total target pathogens was similar for both sampling techniques. A strong positive correlation was found between curet and paper point samples for TBC and single target bacteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, there was a relatively good agreement for the results of paper point and curet sampling. Thus, both techniques seem to be suitable for microbiological diagnostics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. storm@uni-bonn.de
authors.forename: Pia-Merete
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Jervøe-Storm
authors.forename: Hazem
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alahdab
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koltzscher
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fimmers
authors.forename: Søren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jepsen
mesh_terms: D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006089:Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000382:microbiology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000382:microbiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013357:Subgingival Curettage
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial