title: Rising costs and hospital admissions for hepatocellular carcinoma in Portugal (1993-2005).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine, for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the patient demographic profile and costs of their admissions to the hospitals of the Portuguese National Health System from 1993 to 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  The National Registry (ICD-9CM, Inter-national Classification of Diseases, 155.0) provided data from the 97 Hospitals in Portugal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied 7932 admissions that progressively rose from 292 in 1993 to 834 in 2005, having a male predominance of 78% (6130/7932). The global rate of hospital admissions for HCC rose from 3.1/10(5) in 1993 to 8.3/10(5) in 2005. The average length of stay decreased from 17.5 +/- 17.9 d in 1993 to 9.3 +/- 10.4 d in 2005, P < 0.001. The average hospital mortality for HCC remained high over these years, 22.3% in 1993 and 26.7% in 2005. Nationally, hospital costs (in Euros - EUR) rose in all variables studied: overall costs from 533,000 Euros in 1993, to 462,9000 Euros in 2005, cost per day of stay from 105 Euros in 1993, to 597 Euros in 2005, average cost of each admission from 1828 Euros in 1993, to 5550 Euros in 2005. In 2005, 1.8% (15/834) of hospital admissions for HCC were related to liver transplant, and responsible for a cost of about 1.5 million Euros, corresponding to one third of the overall costs for HCC admissions in that same year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From 1993 to 2005 hospital admissions in Portugal for HCC tripled. Overall costs for these admissions increased 9 times, with all variables related to cost analysis rising accordingly. Liver transplant, indicated in a small group of patients, showed a disproportionate increase in costs.
authors.affiliation: Liver Unit, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Medical School of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal. rui.marinho@mail.telepac.pt
authors.forename: Rui Tato
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Marinho
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Giria
authors.forename: Miguel Carneiro
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Moura
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005260:Female; D017721:Hospital Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011174:Portugal / Q000453:epidemiology; D012042:Registries