title: Systematic review identified suboptimal reporting and use of race/ethnicity in general medical journals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Methods of reporting of race/ethnicity in biomedical journals are largely unknown. We aimed to systematically examine the reporting practice of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES) information in biomedical journals.
  
  
  METHODS
  All primary research articles that reported more than one racial/ethnic group, published between 1999 and 2003 in Annals of Internal Medicine, JAMA, The Lancet, and The New England Journal of Medicine (n=1,152) were reviewed for their use of race/ethnicity and SES variables. Interobserver reliability was assessed by independent abstraction of 10% of study sample.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were a total of 116 different terms used to describe various racial/ethnic groups. Assignment of race/ethnicity by self-report was stated in only 13% of papers; 52% of papers identifying race/ethnicity of study participants did not report any SES information. Overall, 16% of articles explicitly stated reasons for collecting information on race/ethnicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that race/ethnicity information was suboptimally reported in general medical journals. Terminology used was highly variable. Method of establishing racial/ethnic categories, rationale for collecting race/ethnicity data, and SES information were underreported.
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada. ima@stanfordalumni.org
authors.forename: Irene W Y
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Nadia A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zalunardo
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palepu
mesh_terms: D005006:Ethnicity; D006801:Humans; D010506:Periodicals as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D044469:Racial Groups; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D009626:Terminology as Topic