title: Risk criteria and prognostic factors for predicting recurrences after resection of primary gastrointestinal stromal tumor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The introduction of adjuvant imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) raised debate over the accuracy of National Institutes of Health risk criteria and the significance of other prognostic factors in GIST.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tumor aggressiveness and other clinicopathological factors influencing disease-free survival (DFS) were assessed in 335 patients with primary resectable CD117-immunopositive GISTs (median follow-up, 31 months after primary tumor resection) from a prospectively collected tumor registry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall median DFS was 37 months, and estimated 5-year DFS was 37.8 %. In univariate analysis, high or intermediate risk group (P < .000001), mitotic index >5/50 high-power field (P < .00001), primary tumor size >5 cm (P < .00001), nongastric primary location (P = .0001), male sex (P = .01), R1 resection/tumor rupture (P = .0003), and epithelioid cell or mixed cell pathological subtype (P = .05) negatively affected DFS. In multivariate analysis, statistically significant factors negatively influencing DFS for model 1 were mitotic index >5/50 high-power field (P = .004), primary tumor size >5 cm (P = .001), male sex (P = .003), R1 resection/tumor rupture (P = .04), and nongastric primary tumor location (P = .02), and for model 2 were high/intermediate risk primary tumor (P < .0001 and P = .008, respectively), male sex (P = .007), resection R1/tumor rupture (P = .01), and nongastric primary tumor location (P = .02). Five-year DFS for high, intermediate, and low/very low risk group was 20%, 54%, and 96%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk criteria for assessing the natural course of primary GISTs were validated, but additional independent prognostic factors-primary tumor location and sex--were also identified.
authors.affiliation: Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781, Warsaw, Poland. rutkowskip@coi.waw.pl
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rutkowski
authors.forename: Zbigniew I
authors.initials: ZI
authors.lastname: Nowecki
authors.forename: Wanda
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Michej
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Debiec-Rychter
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Woźniak
authors.forename: Janusz
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Limon
authors.forename: Janusz
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Siedlecki
authors.forename: Urszula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Grzesiakowska
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kakol
authors.forename: Czesław
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Osuch
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Polkowski
authors.forename: Stanisław
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Głuszek
authors.forename: Zbigniew
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zurawski
authors.forename: Włodzimierz
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ruka
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D046152:Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors / Q000235:genetics / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors