title: Precision of actuarial risk assessment instruments: evaluating the 'margins of error' of group v. individual predictions of violence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Actuarial risk assessment instruments (ARAIs) estimate the probability that individuals will engage in future violence.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the ;margins of error' at the group and individual level for risk estimates made using ARAIs.
  
  
  METHODS
  An established statistical method was used to construct 95% CI for group and individual risk estimates made using two popular ARAIs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 95% CI were large for risk estimates at the group level; at the individual level, they were so high as to render risk estimates virtually meaningless.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ARAIs cannot be used to estimate an individual's risk for future violence with any reasonable degree of certainty and should be used with great caution or not at all. In theory, reasonably precise group estimates could be made using ARAIs if developers used very large construction samples and if the tests included few score categories with extreme risk estimates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6. hart@sfu.ca
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Michie
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Cooke
mesh_terms: D000206:Actuarial Analysis / Q000592:standards; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D006801:Humans; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000592:standards; D012307:Risk Factors; D014754:Violence / Q000517:prevention & control*