title: Local recurrence of ductal carcinoma in situ after skin-sparing mastectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of local recurrence (LR) after conventional total mastectomy for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) ranges from 1% to 3%. Skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) preserves the native skin envelope to facilitate immediate breast reconstruction. Because DCIS is generally not clinically apparent, there is a potential for inadequate excision when SSM is performed. Risk factors for local recurrence after SSM for DCIS are examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of 223 consecutive patients with DCIS treated by SSM and immediate reconstruction was performed. Age younger than 50 years, tumor size > 40 mm, high tumor grade, tumor necrosis, surgical margins < 1 mm, type of biopsy (excisional versus core), and SSM type were examined as risk factors for recurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean followup was 82.3 months (range 4.9 to 123.2 months). Recurrences developed in 11 patients (5.1%), including: local (n = 7; 3.3%), regional (n = 2; 0.9%), and distant (n = 2; 0.9%). All seven local recurrences were detected by physical examination. No patients received adjuvant radiation therapy. Two of 19 patients with surgical margins < 1 mm developed LR (10.5%). Univariate analysis showed high tumor grade (p = .019) to influence LR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of local recurrence of DCIS after SSM is similar to conventional total mastectomy. Reexcision of close margins should be performed if possible and adjuvant radiation therapy should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA, USA. grant_carlson@emory.org
authors.forename: Grant W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Page
authors.forename: Earl
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.forename: Toncred M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Styblo
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Wood
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors