title: Effects of ACE I/D polymorphism on prostate cancer risk, tumor grade and metastatis.
abstract: The aim was to substantiate the putative significance of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) (insertion/deletion) I/D polymorphism on prostate cancer risk, BTPSA-A TPSA (before treatment-after treatment prostate-specific antigen) levels and tumor development.
  
  
  METHODS
  48 prostate cancer patients and 51 healthy volunteers were included. The ACE I/D genotypes were determined by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The DD genotype may have detrimental and the II genotype may have protective effect on prostate cancer (p = 0.03). The highest before treatment PSA (BTPSA) values were found in the patient group having the DD genotype (p = 0.017). PSA-AT levels were higher in homozygous mutant DD than homozygous II and the decrease in PSA-AT level was found to be statistically significant in each genotype (p = 0.000). Patients with the D allele showed a higher prevalence of late stage prostate carcinoma when compared to the patients with II genotype (p = 0.022) and the detrimental effects of the D allele, both in lymph node metastases and distant metastasis were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk of prostate cancer development, the PSA level and tumor metastasis may be associated with genetic variation in the ACE I/D genotypes which may be used as an important biomarker for further studies.
authors.affiliation: Renal Transplantation Unit, Haydarpasa Numune Research and Educational Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bulent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yigit
authors.forename: Nilüfer
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bozkurt
authors.forename: Fehmi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Narter
authors.forename: Hulya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Ergin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yucebas
authors.forename: Turgay
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Isbir
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen