title: pRB expression in esophageal mucosa of individuals at high risk for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the pRb expression in a large group of patients with history of chronic exposure to the main risk factors for development of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and seventy asymptomatic individuals at high risk for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (consumption of more than 80 g of ethanol and 10 cigarettes/d for at least 10 years) underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsies of the esophageal mucosa. As a control group, specimens of esophageal mucosa obtained from 20 healthy subjects were also studied. Immunohistochemical assessment of the tissues was performed using a monoclonal antibody anti-pRB protein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Absence of the pRB staining, indicating loss of RB function, was observed in 33 (19.4%) of the individuals at risk for esophageal cancer, but in none of the healthy controls (P < 0.02). Loss of pRb expression increased in a stepwise fashion according to the severity of the histological findings (P < 0.005): normal mucosa (11/97 or 11.3%), chronic esophagitis (17/60 or 28.3%), low-grade dysplasia (3/10 or 30%), high-grade dysplasia 1/2 or 50%) and squamous cell carcinoma (1/1 or 100%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that abnormal expression of the pRB protein may be implicated in the process of esophageal carcinogenesis. Additional studies are warranted to define the role of the pRB protein as a biomarker for development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in individuals at high risk for this malignancy.
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Surgery, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Casemiro de Abreu, 900/302-Porto Alegre (RS) 90420-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Simone S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Contu
authors.forename: Paulo C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Contu
authors.forename: Daniel C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Damin
authors.forename: Renato B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Fagundes
authors.forename: Fabiano
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bevilacqua
authors.forename: Aline S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.forename: João C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Prolla
authors.forename: Luis F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Moreira
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001706:Biopsy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein