title: Expression of immune-related genes in larval stages of the giant tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon.
abstract: Shrimp undergo several morphologically different stages during development and therefore the expression of some immune-related genes such as prophenoloxidase (proPO), peroxinectin (Prx), crustin (Crus), penaeidin (Pen), transglutaminase (TGase), haemocyanin (Hc) and astakine (Ak) were determined during larval development of the shrimp (Penaeus monodon), i.e. nauplius 4 (N4), protozoea 1 and 3 (Z1 and 3), mysis 3 (My 3), post-larvae 3 (PL3) and also in haemocytes of juveniles. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that all transcripts were already present in the early larval stage of N4 but at different levels. The transcript of proPO was found to be extremely low or even absent at N4, whereas Prx, Crus, Pen, TGase, Hc and Ak were significantly expressed at all larval stages. Up to now expression of proPO and Prx has only been reported from haemocytes in crustaceans and in this study Prx also appeared to be expressed in stages which appear to lack haemocytes. Thus, this may suggest that Prx is expressed in other cells than haemocytes. It is well known among invertebrates that the proPO system plays a crucial role as an immune effector molecule against microbes. However, in this study, the transcript of proPO was low during the larval stages and hardly present at all at N4. This might indicate that the development of immune-competent haemocytes during the larval stages is not completed and as a consequence they are likely to be more susceptible to infectious diseases during these stages.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Aquatic Biology and Genetic Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Rajdhevee, Bangkok, Thailand. pikul.jir@biotec.or.th
authors.forename: Pikul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jiravanichpaisal
authors.forename: Narongsak
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Puanglarp
authors.forename: Sasithon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Petkon
authors.forename: Seri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Donnuea
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Söderhäll
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Söderhäll
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000276:immunology*; D005796:Genes / Q000235:genetics*; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007814:Larva / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase