title: Exercise interventions as an adjunct therapy for psychosis: a critical review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the existing evidence examining effectiveness of exercise as an adjunct therapy for psychosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A search of databases including Pub Med, Psych Info, Cochrane Library, Cinahl, Sports Discus and Web of Knowledge was conducted to identify studies investigating the psychological changes following exercise interventions in people with psychosis. Literature was subjected to a critical review to determine the effectiveness of exercise as a therapy for psychosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of ten studies met the inclusion criteria: four quantitative, two qualitative and four using a mixed method design. Exercise interventions were supervised and generally lasted between 10 and 12 weeks. Study samples were small, even in the quantitative studies, meaning that statistical analysis was not always possible. Study design and outcome measures varied across all studies. Generally the research findings demonstrated a positive trend towards improved mental health for those participants utilising exercise.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest the presence of a positive effect of exercise on mental health in people with psychosis, yet there is a need for greater consistency within the research to determine the size of effects and the most successful type of intervention. As exercise is increasingly used in the mental health service, more research is needed to provide a more comprehensive evidence-based practice.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Sport and Exercise Research, Staffordshire University, Leek Road, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire ST4 2DF, UK. n.j.ellis@staffs.ac.uk
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Crone
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Davey
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grogan
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000523:psychology; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents