title: Purification of 3 monomeric monocot mannose-binding lectins and their evaluation for antipoxviral activity: potential applications in multiple viral diseases caused by enveloped viruses.
abstract: Three monomeric monocot lectins from Zephyranthes carinata, Zephyranthes candida, and Gloriosa superba with carbohydrate specificity towards mannose derivatives and (or) oligomannose have been isolated and purified from their storage tissues. The lectins were purified by anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacyl and by gel filtration chromatography on Biogel P-200 followed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The purified lectins, Z. carinata, Z. candida, and G. superba had molecular masses of 12, 11.5, and 12.5 kDa, respectively, as determined by gel filtration and SDS-PAGE, indicating that they are monomers. In a hapten inhibition assay, methyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside inhibited agglutination of both Z. candida and Z. carinata; the latter was also inhibited by Man(alpha1-2)Man and Man(alpha1-3)Man. Gloriosa superba showed inhibition only with Man(alpha1-4)Man of all of the sugars and glycoproteins tested. All purified lectins agglutinated red blood cells from rabbit, whereas G. superba was also reactive towards erythrocytes from guinea pig. All of the lectins were nonglycosylated and did not require metal ions for their activity. They were labile above 60 degrees C and were affected by denaturing agents such as urea, thiourea, and guanidine-HCl. The lectins were virtually nonmitogenic, like other members of Amaryllidaceae and Liliaceae. Of the 3 lectins, G. superba was found to be highly toxic to the BSC-1 cell line (African green monkey kidney epithelial cells), while both of the Zephyranthes species showed significant in vitro inhibition of poxvirus replication in BSC-1 cells without any toxic effects to the cells. In addition, Z. candida also exhibited significant anticancer activity against SNB-78, a CNS human cancer cell line.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143 005 Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Amandeep
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.forename: Sukhdev Singh
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kamboj
authors.forename: Jatinder
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Rajinder
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abrahams
authors.forename: Girish J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Kotwal
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Saxena
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004903:Erythrocyte Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D006031:Glycosylation; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006801:Humans; D019668:Liliaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D037241:Mannose-Binding Lectins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D037121:Plant Lectins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011212:Poxviridae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011817:Rabbits; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D037241:Mannose-Binding Lectins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D037121:Plant Lectins