title: Effects of intravenous triacylglycerol emulsions on lymphocyte responses to mitogens in fasted dairy cows undergoing intense lipomobilization.
abstract: The objective of the study was to assess the effects of intravenous infusion of triacylglycerol (TAG) emulsions derived from different lipid sources on responses to mitogens of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from fasted dairy cows. Six multiparous, non-pregnant, non-lactating Holstein cows were used in a replicated 3x3 Latin Square design. For 4 d, cows were fasted and infused intravenously with a 20% TAG emulsions derived from tallow (TA), linseed oil (LO) or fish oil (FO). Fasting was employed to induce energy deficit and lipid mobilization. Emulsions were administered for 20 to 30 min every 4 h throughout the 4 d fast at a rate of 0.54 g TAG/kg BW/d. Blood samples were taken before the first infusion, and then every 24 h during the fast. Blood was utilized to assess DNA synthesis, IgM and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion by PBMC stimulated with mitogens. In TA infused cows there was a decline of PBMC ability to respond to mitogens, which was significant 48 h after initiation of the infusion period for DNA synthesis and IFN-gamma secretion. In LO or FO infused cows, PBMC responses to mitogens were not altered during the infusion period, and in some cases PBMC responses to mitogen was improved at 72 and 96 h after initiation of treatments. Effects of TAG infusion on PBMC responses to mitogens depended on the lipid source suggesting that LO or FO can attenuate the negative effects of fasting on immune functions.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Università della Tuscia, Italy. nicgio@unitus.it
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lacetera
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scalia
authors.forename: Dough G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Mashek
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bernabucci
authors.forename: Ric R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Grummer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism*; D003612:Dairying; D005215:Fasting; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005223:Fats / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000494:pharmacology; D005508:Food Deprivation; D008043:Linseed Oil / Q000494:pharmacology; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D008934:Mitogens / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D005223:Fats; D005395:Fish Oils; D008934:Mitogens; D014280:Triglycerides; D008043:Linseed Oil; C013698:tallow