title: Local heparin, superficial vein thrombosis.
abstract: Local, topical effects of heparins on the skin still need deeper investigations. The lack of evidence is mainly due to the lack of large investments in this field. Three main local actions of heparin on the skin can be defined: (1) the anticoagulant action, (2) the microcirculatory-modulatory action determining important control of the microcirculation in case of excessive vasoconstriction or vasodilatation, and (3) the "facilitatory action" on skin permeability, allowing other drugs to diffuse better and faster into the skin (producing a therapeutic effect). These aspects have to be evaluated more extensively both in experimental and in clinical conditions as they may be clinically very important. Recent experimental studies indicate these effects of locally applied heparin. Therefore, key questions on local heparin administration such as skin penetration and the action on the local thrombi have a promising answer. These observations suggest important clinical applications for local liposomal heparin. Both the potentials of local applications of heparin, particularly with new formulations, and some new aspects in the management of superficial vein thrombosis can focus on locally applied heparin. Superficial vein thrombosis is an important clinical condition considering its frequency and the potentially large use of local heparin in this clinical problem. Results from new studies and observations presented in this issue of Angiology could be a window for suggesting new significant clinical applications and therapeutic solutions.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Lab, Department of Biomedical Science, G D'Annunzio University, Pescara; San Valentino Vascular Screening Project, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Rosaria
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Cesarone
authors.forename: Gianni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Belcaro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Corsi
authors.forename: Edmondo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ippolito
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Errichi
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Renzo
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ledda
authors.forename: Filiberto
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fano
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cacchio
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Adovasio
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005782:Gels; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D010539:Permeability; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D005782:Gels; D006493:Heparin