title: Alterations in manganese superoxide dismutase expression in the progression from reflux esophagitis to esophageal adenocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Comprehensive understanding of the basic mechanisms in the progression of esophagitis, Barrett esophagus (BE), and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is urgently needed to develop a management strategy for an effective screening of BE and management of EAC. The aim of this study is to provide a detailed insight of the histology and the cellular and molecular events associated with the genesis of BE and EAC under the esophagoduodenal reflux conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Esophagoduodenal anastomosis (EDA) was performed on rats. Animals were weighed weekly and killed after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months. The entire esophagi were examined for macroscopic and microscopic changes and for manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) expression, and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling) assay was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Morphological transformation from esophagitis (100% of animals) to BE (66% of animals) to EAC was observed after 3 months. There was marked loss of MnSOD expression in animals with esophagitis and BE at 1 and 2 months, with an increase in expression during the transformation to dysplasia and EAC. Increased proliferation and apoptosis was observed and reached a peak at months 1 and 2. Greatly increased levels of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine was found during the progression to EAC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The morphological transformation of the esophageal mucosa is an adaptive process, and it is an important foundation for the transdifferentiation of BE and cancer. The significant loss of MnSOD expression to achieve BE and then the adaptive increase in expression to achieve dysplasia and EAC during this transformation may represent a predictive marker in identifying patients who will progress from BE to EAC.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 315 E Broadway #312, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wo
authors.forename: Ruifeng R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Mukunda B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: Robert C G
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001471:Barrett Esophagus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D004386:Duodenum / Q000601:surgery; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004942:Esophagitis, Peptic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004947:Esophagus / Q000601:surgery; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D003849:Deoxyguanosine