title: Treatment of submucous cleft palate by pharyngeal flap as a primary procedure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  (a) Palatal repair is the standard surgical method for correction of velopharyngeal incompetence due to submucous cleft, but some patients may need further narrowing of velopharynx by pharyngeal flap. (b) The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a pharyngeal flap as a single surgical procedure in the treatment of symptomatic cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine cases of symptomatic submucous cleft palate were subjected to treatment by pharyngeal flap only as a primary and single procedure after failure of speech therapy. Preoperative flexible nasopharyngoscopy was carried out for all children to determine the width of the velopharyngeal gap; the results were recorded on videotape and reviewed in the operating theatre for determination of the width of the pharyngeal flap. Postoperative follow-up by flexible nasopharyngoscopy and parent's questionnaire were used to assess the success rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Follow-up flexible nasopharyngoscopy showed complete closure of the lateral ports in eight cases (89%) while one case (11%) showed incompetence. Hypernasality was improved in all cases witnessed by parent's questionnaire and this improvement was satisfactory in seven cases (78%) but not satisfactory in two cases (22%). One of the last two cases reached to satisfactory level after speech therapy, while the other case showed no further improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Speech therapy alone cannot correct hypernasality in presence of anatomical defect. Pharyngeal flap is a useful procedure monitored by flexible nasopharyngoscopy. When pharyngeal flap is used, the need for adjunctive procedure is absent.
authors.affiliation: ENT Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. mosabeez@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Mosaad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdel-Aziz
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010614:Pharynx / Q000601:surgery*; D013062:Speech Articulation Tests; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome