The unfolded protein response and integrated stress response to anoxia.
The lack of oxygen delivery to tumor cells has profound consequences for tumor growth and correlates with poor prognosis. Some tumors contain regions of very severe hypoxia called anoxia, which constitutes a functionally different state to hypoxia. In response to anoxia, mammalian cells induce coordinated cytoprotective programs that are critical for tumor survival: the unfolded protein response and integrated stress response. Therefore, targeting additional components of anoxic pathways, besides the hypoxia-inducible response, may be effective for future anticancer therapies.
Rzymski
Tomasz
T
Cancer Research UK, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Harris
Adrian L
AL
D051701:Activating Transcription Factor 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D017510:Protein Folding; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase / Q000378:metabolism
D051701:Activating Transcription Factor 4; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase; C497109:ATF4 protein, human