title: Portable digital assistants (PDAs) in dentistry: part II--pilot study of PDA use in the dental clinic.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a simple technical evaluation of the access, security issues and uses of wireless networked PDAs in a dental clinic and report a pilot study investigating students' educational use of PDAs to access a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) in a dental clinic.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To undertake a technical evaluation of wireless networking to PDAs focusing on security issues, robustness of the system and accessibility particularly to educational resources. To evaluate the impact of using a PDA on undergraduate students in the dental clinic and at home.
  
  
  METHODS
  Part II describes the technical and educational evaluation of PDAs used by one group of 12 undergraduate fourth year students in the Primary Dental Care clinic. A cross over trial of six students with PDAs and six without was carried out during one semester of 12 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Technical issues such as secure internet access using wireless connectivity were addressed. An assessment of the general and educational use and the students' attitudes towards using PDAs was undertaken using online questionnaires and focus group discussions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over 90% of participants wanted PDAs as part of their dental kit. The potential of PDA use in dental training was demonstrated by a good to excellent response by over 75% of participants to having access to online support materials, particularly videos, being able to make notes for individual study and to keep a diary of their commitments to teaching sessions. Recreational use included a 100% good to excellent response to playing games and keeping a diary.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PDA proved to be a convenient and versatile mode of access to online education. Technical solutions enabled a substantial proportion of the functionality of WebCT (Web Course Tools) to be accessed by the students in a clinical environment. Both novice and experienced users were able to appreciate the use of the PDA and the less able considered that their ICT skills had improved. However, further research is needed to determine how students use a range of new technologies in their undergraduate programmes. The Dental Institute plans to recommend that all students will use this device in the future throughout their five-year curriculum, and the scoping of the implications of this recommendation is underway.
authors.affiliation: King's College London Dental Institute, Centre of Flexible Learning in Dentistry, Strand Bridge House, Strand, London, UK. p.a.reynolds@kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dunne
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Y K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Myint
mesh_terms: D001292:Attitude to Computers; D016494:Computer Security; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction / Q000295:instrumentation*; D034201:Computers, Handheld; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003740:Dental Clinics; D004497:Education, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D020375:Education, Distance / Q000379:methods*; D018961:Educational Technology; D017144:Focus Groups; D005792:General Practice, Dental; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014584:User-Computer Interface