title: Submucosal vesical varicosities causing hematuria and retention of urine in pregnancy: cystovarix.
abstract: Pregnancy may be associated with urological complications but gross hematuria is rare. Mechanical obstruction of venous return with pregnancy-associated smooth muscle dilatation and vasodilatation causes venous congestion, predisposing to varicose veins. We present a case of bladder submucosal venous hemorrhage secondary to such varices and describe mechanisms underlying cystovarix formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, The Geelong Hospital, University of Melbourne, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Sandra L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hallamore
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Grills
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Neerhut
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lawrentschuk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003558:Cystoscopy; D005260:Female; D006417:Hematuria / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D009092:Mucous Membrane; D011247:Pregnancy; D011249:Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000098:blood supply*; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000209:etiology*; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis