title: Basal B cell receptor-directed phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling turns off RAGs and promotes B cell-positive selection.
abstract: PI3K plays key roles in cell growth, differentiation, and survival by generating the second messenger phosphatidylinositol-(3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 activates numerous enzymes, in part by recruiting them from the cytosol to the plasma membrane. We find that in immature B lymphocytes carrying a nonautoreactive Ag receptor, PI3K signaling suppresses RAG expression and promotes developmental progression. Inhibitors of PI3K signaling abrogate this positive selection. Furthermore, immature primary B cells from mice lacking the p85alpha regulatory subunit of PI3K suppress poorly RAG expression, undergo an exaggerated receptor editing response, and, as in BCR-ligated cells, fail to progress into the G1 phase of cell cycle. Moreover, immature B cells carrying an innocuous receptor have sustained elevation of PIP3 levels and activation of the downstream effectors phospholipase C (PLC)gamma2, Akt, and Bruton's tyrosine kinase. Of these, PLCgamma2 appears to play the most significant role in down-regulating RAG expression. It therefore appears that when the BCR of an immature B cell is ligated, PIP3 levels are reduced, PLCgamma2 activation is diminished, and receptor editing is promoted by sustained RAG expression. Taken together, our results provide evidence that PI3K signaling is an important cue required for fostering development of B cells carrying a useful BCR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Kellogg School of Science and Technology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Verkoczy
authors.forename: Bao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Duong
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Skog
authors.forename: Djemel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aït-Azzouzene
authors.forename: Kamal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Puri
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Vela
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nemazee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018941:Antigens, CD19 / Q000502:physiology; D016175:B-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D008024:Ligands; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D011947:Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D018941:Antigens, CD19; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D008024:Ligands; D021122:Protein Subunits; C499308:Rag2 protein, mouse; D011947:Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; C064658:RAG-1 protein; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases