Short-term hyperhomocysteinemia-induced oxidative stress activates retinal glial cells and increases vascular endothelial growth factor expression in rat retina.
Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with an increase in the incidence of vascular diseases, including retinal vascular diseases. We examined the effects of high plasma levels of homocysteine on retinal glial cells and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a 3.0 g/kg homocystine diet or a control diet for 2 week. The homocystine-diet group had higher plasma levels of homocysteine and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARSs) and lower plasma levels of folate, retinol, alpha-tocopherol, and retinal expression of CuZn superoxide dismutase (SOD) than the controls. The rats fed the homocystine-diet showed an increase in vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and VEGF immunoreactivity in the retina as compared to the controls. The increase in vimentin immunoreactivity in the hyperhomocysteinemic rats was correlated with changes in GFAP immunoreactivity in astrocytes within the ganglion cell layer. We found for the first time that short-term hyperhomocysteinemia-induced oxidative stress activates retinal glial cells and increases VEGF expression in the retina.
Lee
Insun
I
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Ewha Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
Lee
Hwayoung
H
Kim
Ji-Myung
JM
Chae
Eun Hye
EH
Kim
Soo Jung
SJ
Chang
Namsoo
N
D000818:Animals; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000032:analysis; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D020138:Hyperhomocysteinemia / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051127:Scavenger Receptors, Class E / Q000032:analysis; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000032:analysis; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*; D014746:Vimentin / Q000032:analysis; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000097:blood
D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; C495136:OLR1 protein, rat; D051127:Scavenger Receptors, Class E; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D014746:Vimentin; D006710:Homocysteine; D014801:Vitamin A; D005492:Folic Acid; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol