title: Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in fibromyalgia and failed back syndrome patients: a blinded prospective comparison study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and evaluate psychosocial domains in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) compared with patients with failed back syndrome (FBS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 51 (32 FM and 19 FBS) adult patients who were administered orofacial pain and psychological questionnaires before a clinical examination. Presence of TMD was diagnosed according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-three percent of the FM patients reported having face pain compared with 11% of the FBS patients. Of those FM patients who reported face pain, 71% fulfilled the criteria for a diagnosable TMD. FM patients had significantly higher subscale scores for somatization, obsessive-compulsive, medication used for sleep, and fatigue compared with FBS patients. Eighty-seven percent of the FM patients reported a stressful event and 42.3% had symptoms indicating posttraumatic stress disorder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high prevalence of TMD and psychosocial dysfunction among FM patients suggests wide-reaching dysregulation of autonomic and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functions.
authors.affiliation: Orofacial Pain Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. rbalasub@dental.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Balasubramaniam
authors.forename: Reny
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Leeuw
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Nickerson
authors.forename: Jeffrey P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Okeson
authors.forename: Charles R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Carlson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007027:Hypothalamic Diseases / Q000150:complications; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000503:physiopathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications; D012920:Social Behavior Disorders / Q000150:complications; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013577:Syndrome; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology