title: Involvement of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis on the analgesic cross-tolerance between morphine and nifedipine.
abstract: Bidirectional cross-tolerance develops between opioids and Ca(2+) channel blockers relating to their antinociceptive effects; however, the role of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis on this action has not been elucidated yet. We examined the analgesic cross-tolerance between morphine and nifedipine, a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, in intact and adrenalectomized (ADX) rats and also evaluated modification of HPA activity during this phenomenon. The tail-flick test was used to assess the nociceptive threshold. The plasma level of corticosterone, as a marker of HPA function, was measured by radioimmunoassay. Our results showed that, in sham operated rats which were chronically treated with morphine, nifedipine failed to affect nociceptive threshold but it could induce significant antinociceptive effect in ADX morphine treated animals. This effect was reversed by corticosterone replacement. Furthermore, morphine could not induce analgesic effect either in sham operated or in ADX animals that received chronic nifedipine. Chronic morphine inhibited the effect of nifedipine on corticosterone secretion but nifedipine treatment had no effect on morphine-induced corticosterone secretion. Based on these results, we can conclude that HPA axis is involved in the induction of cross-tolerance between morphine and nifedipine due to chronic morphine and not nifedipine treatment.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. semahani@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Esmaeili-Mahani
authors.forename: Soheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vahedi
authors.forename: Fereshteh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Motamedi
authors.forename: Aliasghar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pourshanazari
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khaksari
authors.forename: Abolhassan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmadiani
mesh_terms: D000315:Adrenalectomy; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000378:metabolism; D004361:Drug Tolerance / Q000502:physiology; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D009020:Morphine; D009543:Nifedipine; D003345:Corticosterone