title: Biomechanical comparison between CentraLoc and Intrafix fixation of quadrupled semitendinosus-gracilis allografts in cadaveric tibiae with low bone mineral density.
abstract: Supplementary or back-up tibial tunnel fixation of a quadruple semitendinosus-gracilis (STG) graft is often performed when the knee surgeon questions the integrity of intra-tunnel fixation. Back-up fixation devices such as staples however may contribute to increased knee pain and dysfunction. Both primary extra-tunnel and intra-tunnel fixation devices may provide sufficient quadruple STG graft fixation in a tibial tunnel to preclude the need for back-up fixation. This biomechanical study compared the fixation of quadruple STG allografts in standard drilled tunnels prepared in low apparent bone mineral density (BMD) cadaveric tibiae using either an Intrafix device with primary intra-tunnel fixation in a region of predominantly cancellous trabecular bone, or a CentraLoc device with primary extra-tunnel fixation in a region of predominantly cortical bone. The study hypothesis was that the CentraLoc device would display superior fixation in these low apparent BMD cadaveric tibiae. Matched pair tibiae and quadruple STG allografts were divided into two groups of seven specimens each. Extraction drilled tunnels matched allograft diameter. Constructs were pretensioned on a servo hydraulic device between 10 and 50 N for 10 cycles and isometric pretensioned at 50 N for 1 min prior to undergoing 500 loading cycles (50-250 N) and load to failure testing (20 mm/min). The CentraLoc group displayed superior load at failure (448.4+/-171 N vs. 338.4+/-119 N, P=0.04) and survived more loading cycles (410+/-154 cycles vs. 196+/-230 cycles, P=0.04) than the Intrafix group. Most CentraLoc group specimens (6/7, 85.7%) failed by device pullout with intact quadruple STG allograft strands while all Intrafix group specimens (7/7, 100%) failed by slippage of one or more strands (P=0.005).
authors.affiliation: Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 210 East Gray St., Suite 1003, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krupp
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nyland
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nawab
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Burden
authors.forename: D N M
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Caborn
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000368:Aged; D002102:Cadaver; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D008422:Materials Testing; D009984:Orthopedic Fixation Devices; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D013710:Tendons / Q000637:transplantation*; D013977:Tibia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology