title: Characteristic and in vitro bioactivity of a microarc-oxidized TiO(2)-based coating after chemical treatment.
abstract: Microarc oxidation (MAO) was used to prepare a TiO(2)-based coating containing Ca and P on titanium alloy. An alkali treatment was developed to modify the surface of the MAO coating to improve the apatite-forming ability of the coating. The chemically treated MAO coating exhibits a modified layer, with the main constituents being O, Ti, Ca and Na, showing anatase. The modified MAO coating shows a rough and porous morphology containing numerous nanoflakes of approximately 100nm thickness. During the alkali treatment process, P on the surface of the MAO coating shows a main dynamic process of dissolution; however, Ca exhibits a re-deposition process as well as dissolution. The formation of the modified layer could be explained by this mechanism: negatively charged HTiO(3)(-) ions are formed on the MAO coating due to the attack of OH(-) ions on the TiO(2) phase. The HTiO(3)(-) ions could incorporate sodium from the alkali solution and calcium from the alkali solution and MAO coating. The apatite-forming ability of the MAO coating is improved remarkably by the simple chemical treatment, since the surface of the alkali-treated MAO coating could provide abundant Ti-OH groups probably formed by ionic exchanges between (Ca2+, Na+) ions of the alkali-treated MAO coating and H3O+ ions of a simulated body fluid (SBF). Moreover, Ca released from the alkali-treated MAO coating increases the degree of supersaturation of SBF, promoting the formation of apatite. The apatite induced by the alkali-treated MAO coating possesses carbonated structure and pore networks on the nanometer scale.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Advanced Ceramics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
authors.forename: Daqing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Dechang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Yaming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium