title: Augmentation of the posterior atrophic edentulous maxilla with implants placed in the ulna: a prospective single-blind controlled clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate a new method to treat the posterior atrophic edentulous maxilla: dental implants placed in the ulna and transplanted with their surrounding bone blocks as inlays into the sinus. Conventional sinus augmentation with particulated autogenous bone grafts served as a control procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two implants were placed in the ulnas of 20 patients. After 6 weeks, bone blocks containing 1 to 3 implants were harvested and transplanted into the sinuses protruding 3 to 4 mm. Implants were left to heal for 6 weeks. Twenty patients with similar treatment indications treated with particulated bone grafts from the mental symphysis, tibia, or iliac crest acted as controls. Grafts were allowed to heal for 6 months in the control group. Fifty-two control-group implants were allowed to heal for 4 months. The main outcome measures were prosthetic and implant success. Stability of individual implants was assessed with Osstell and Periotest at baseline and after 6 and 12 months of loading. Independent sample chi-square tests, t tests, and paired t tests were used with a significance level of .05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No patient dropped out or withdrew; no prosthesis or implant failed. No major surgical complications were occurred. There were no differences between the 2 groups at any time point in implant stability. Both modalities resulted in a significant increase of implant stability at 6 and 12 months. The mean change (SD) from baseline to 1 year in Periotest measurements was 1.44 (0.48) in the test and 1.29 (0.58) in the control (paired t tests; P < .001). For the Osstell, these values were -5.88 (4.18) and -5.48 (3.93) for the test and control groups, respectively (paired t tests: P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ulna implant block grafting represents an alternative to conventional sinus augmentation, particularly when vertical augmentation is desirable or large iliac crest grafts are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Private Practice, Pavia, Italy. gio_cannizzaro@libero.it
authors.forename: Gioacchino
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cannizzaro
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.forename: Ugo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Consolo
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ferri
authors.forename: Giogio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Licitra
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Worthington
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Esposito
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007575:Jaw, Edentulous / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery*; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D013516:Oral Surgical Procedures, Preprosthetic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014457:Ulna / Q000637:transplantation*
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants