title: Response of hypotensive dogs to dopamine hydrochloride and dobutamine hydrochloride during deep isoflurane anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the dose-related cardiovascular and urine output (UrO) effects of dopamine hydrochloride and dobutamine hydrochloride, administered individually and in combination at various ratios, and identify individual doses that achieve target mean arterial blood pressure (MAP; 70 mm Hg) and cardiac index (CI; 150 mL/kg/min) in dogs during deep isoflurane anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  10 young clinically normal dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following isoflurane equilibration at a baseline MAP of 50 mm Hg on 3 occasions, dogs randomly received IV administration of dopamine (3, 7, 10, 15, and 20 microg/kg/min), dobutamine (1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 microg/kg/min), and dopamine-dobutamine combinations (3.5:1, 3.5:4, 7:2, 14:1, and 14:4 microg/kg/min) in a crossover study. Selected cardiovascular and UrO effects were determined following 20-minute infusions at each dose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dopamine caused significant dose-dependent responses and achieved target MAP and CI at 7 microg/kg/min; dobutamine at 2 microg/kg/min significantly affected only CI values. At any dose, dopamine significantly affected UrO, whereas dobutamine did not. Target MAP and CI values were achieved with a dopamine-dobutamine combination at 7:2 microg/kg/min; a dopamine-related dose response for MAP and dopamine- and dobutamine-related dose responses for CI were identified. Changes in UrO were associated with dopamine only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In isoflurane-anesthetized dogs, a guideline dose for dopamine of 7 microg/kg/min is suggested; dobutamine alone did not improve MAP. Data regarding cardiovascular and UrO effects indicated that the combination of dopamine and dobutamine did not provide greater benefit than use of dopamine alone in dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosati
authors.forename: Doris H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Dyson
authors.forename: Melissa D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Sinclair
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Sears
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004280:Dobutamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004285:Dogs; D004298:Dopamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D007022:Hypotension / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D004280:Dobutamine; D007530:Isoflurane; D004298:Dopamine