title: Eplerenone improves prognosis in postmyocardial infarction diabetic patients with heart failure: results from EPHESUS.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Epleronone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study (EPHESUS) trial demonstrated that selective aldosterone blockade with eplerenone significantly reduced total mortality by 15%, combined cardiovascular (CV) mortality/CV hospitalization by 13%, CV mortality by 17% and sudden cardiac death by 21%, vs. placebo when added to standard care in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) and signs of congestive heart failure (CHF) following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We retrospectively evaluated the effect of eplerenone vs. placebo in a subset of 1483 diabetic patients with LVSD and signs of CHF following AMI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diabetic status was determined from medical histories at screening. Analyses were based on time to first occurrence of an event. Results were based on a Cox's proportional hazards regression model stratified by region with treatment, subgroup and treatment-by-subgroup interaction as factors. The 95% confidence intervals for the risk ratios were based on the Wald's test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with eplerenone in diabetic patients with CHF following AMI reduced the risk of the primary endpoint, a composite of CV mortality or CV hospitalization, by 17% (p = 0.031). The absolute risk reduction of the primary endpoint was greater in the diabetic cohort (5.1%) than in the non-diabetic cohort (3%). Hyperkalaemia occurred more often with eplerenone than with placebo (5.6 vs. 3%, p = 0.015). Among the diabetic cohorts, the prespecified endpoint of 'any CV disorder' occurred in 28% of the eplerenone group and 35% of the placebo group (p = 0.007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Eplerenone treatment may reduce adverse CV events in diabetic patients with LVSD and signs of CHF following AMI.
authors.affiliation: University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Mid-America Heart Institute, St Luke's Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64111, USA. jhokeefe@cc-pc.com
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: O'Keefe
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abuissa
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pitt
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000077545:Eplerenone; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D006947:Hyperkalemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D007008:Hypokalemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013148:Spironolactone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality
chemical_list: D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; D013148:Spironolactone; D000077545:Eplerenone