title: Effects of exercise on gut peptides, energy intake and appetite.
abstract: This study investigated the acute effects of exercise on the postprandial levels of appetite-related hormones and metabolites, energy intake (EI) and subjective measures of appetite. Ghrelin, polypeptide YY (PYY), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were measured in the fasting state and postprandially in 12 healthy, normal-weight volunteers (six males and six females) using a randomised crossover design. One hour after a standardised breakfast, subjects either cycled for 60 min at 65% of their maximal heart rate or rested. Subjective appetite was assessed throughout the study using visual analogue scales and subsequent EI at a buffet meal was measured at the end (3-h post-breakfast and 1-h post-exercise). Exercise significantly increased mean PYY, GLP-1 and PP levels, and this effect was maintained during the post-exercise period for GLP-1 and PP. No significant effect of exercise was observed on postprandial levels of ghrelin. During the exercise period, hunger scores were significantly decreased; however, this effect disappeared in the post-exercise period. Exercise significantly increased subsequent absolute EI, but produced a significant decrease in relative EI after accounting for the energy expended during exercise. Hunger scores and PYY, GLP-1 and PP levels showed an inverse temporal pattern during the 1-h exercise/control intervention. In conclusion, acute exercise, of moderate intensity, temporarily decreased hunger sensations and was able to produce a short-term negative energy balance. This impact on appetite and subsequent energy homeostasis was not explained by changes in postprandial levels of ghrelin; however, 'exercise-induced anorexia' may potentially be linked to increased PYY, GLP-1 and PP levels.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
authors.forename: Catia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Linda M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Bloom
authors.forename: M Denise
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Robertson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001066:Appetite / Q000502:physiology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005215:Fasting; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D054439:Ghrelin; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D010191:Pancreatic Polypeptide / Q000097:blood; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000097:blood; D019894:Peptide YY / Q000097:blood; D019518:Postprandial Period; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones; D054439:Ghrelin; D036361:Peptide Hormones; D014280:Triglycerides; D019894:Peptide YY; D010191:Pancreatic Polypeptide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1