title: Chiral Brønsted acid catalyzed enantioselective Mannich-type reaction.
abstract: Mannich-type reaction of ketene silyl acetals with aldimines proceeded catalytically by means of a phosphoric acid diester, derived from (R)-BINOL, as a chiral Brønsted acid to afford beta-amino esters with good diastereoselectivity in favor of the syn isomer and high enantioselectivity (up to 96% ee). The highest enantioselectivity was achieved by the phosphoric acid diester bearing 4-nitrophenyl groups on the 3,3'-positions of BINOL. The N-2-hydroxyphenyl group of aldimine was found to be essential for the present Mannich-type reaction. In combination with these experimental investigations, two possible monocoordination and dicoordination pathways were explored using density functional theory calculations (BHandHLYP/6-31G*). The present reaction proceeds via a dicoordination pathway through the zwitterionic and nine-membered cyclic transition state (TS) consisting of the aldimine and the phosphoric acid. The re-facial selectivity was also well-rationalized theoretically. The nine-membered cyclic structure and aromatic stacking interaction between the 4-nitrophenyl group and N-aryl group would fix the geometry of aldimine on the transition state, and the si-facial attacking TS is less favored by the steric hindrance of the 3,3'-aryl substituents.
authors.affiliation: Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan. myamanaka@rikkyo.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fuchibe
authors.forename: Takahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akiyama