title: Chromobacterium subtsugae sp. nov., a betaproteobacterium toxic to Colorado potato beetle and other insect pests.
abstract: Strain PRAA4-1(T), a motile, Gram-negative, violet-pigmented bacterium, was isolated from Maryland forest soil and found to be orally toxic to Colorado potato beetle larvae and other insects. Morphological, biological, biochemical and molecular characterization revealed that this strain was most similar to Chromobacterium violaceum, the type species and only currently recognized member of the genus Chromobacterium. DNA-DNA hybridization with C. violaceum ATCC 12472(T) was 27 %. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain PRAA4-1(T) and Chromobacterium violaceum form a monophyletic clade, with the closest ancestral taxon Vogesella indigofera within the Betaproteobacteria. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses, strain PRAA4-1(T) (=NRRL B-30655(T)=DSM 17043(T)) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Chromobacterium, Chromobacterium subtsugae sp. nov.
authors.affiliation: Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Phyllis A W
authors.initials: PAW
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gundersen-Rindal
authors.affiliation: Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blackburn
authors.affiliation: Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buyer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D002861:Chromobacterium / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000382:microbiology*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D020459:Genes, rRNA / Q000235:genetics; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria; D007814:Larva / Q000382:microbiology; D008396:Maryland; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009068:Movement; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010802:Phylogeny; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D014197:Trees
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D010860:Pigments, Biological; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S