title: Extracts from Plastrum testudinis promote proliferation of rat bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to identify active components of PT involved in promoting proliferation of MSCs and to investigate its mechanism. PT was extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol and water respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Evidence provided by MTT, HE stain, BrdUrd, PCNA immunoreactivity and cell cycle indicated that Plastrum Testudinis Extracted with ethyl acetate (PTE) is the only active components responsible for increasing MSCs proliferation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This finding leads us to identify the chemical component of PTE. Steroid, fatty acids and their esters components in PTE were determined by GC-MS and HPLC. The mechanism of PTE action may be associated with the up-regulation of BMP4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings give novel insights into the promoting effects of Plastrum Testudinis on proliferation of MSCs and help to identify the chemical component and to clarify the mechanism of its pharmacological activities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China. CDF27212@21cn.com
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Y W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Z C
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Hua
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000378:metabolism; D002452:Cell Count; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D045424:Complex Mixtures / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014426:Turtles
chemical_list: C525811:Bmp4 protein, rat; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D045424:Complex Mixtures; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine