title: Sleep quality in advanced cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the sleep quality of advanced cancer patients and its relationship with pain, depression, and hopelessness.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants were 102 advanced cancer patients who were on palliative treatment. Patients completed a sleep quality instrument, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); a pain assessment tool, the Greek Brief Pain Inventory; a self-report measure of depression, the Beck Depression Inventory; and, finally, the Beck Hopelessness Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multiple regression analyses (forward method) have shown that hopelessness (P=.003), "interference of pain with mood" (P<.0005), and strong opioids (P=.010) seemed to influence patients' sleep quality (PSOI). In an additional regression analysis (enter method), the PSQI is significantly related to opioids (P=.013), hopelessness (P=.035), and "interference of pain with mood" (P=.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hopelessness, pain treatment, and "interference of pain with mood" may influence the quality of sleep in advanced stages of cancer.
authors.affiliation: Pain Relief and Palliative Care Unit, Department of Radiology, Areteion Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece. mistakidou@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Kyriaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mystakidou
authors.forename: Efi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Parpa
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tsilika
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pathiaki
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Patiraki
authors.forename: Antonis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galanos
authors.forename: Lambros
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vlahos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010166:Palliative Care; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012803:Sick Role; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000523:psychology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D013223:Statistics as Topic