title: Plasma pharmacokinetics of selamectin after a single topical administration in the American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana).
abstract: Parasitism is common in wild and captive amphibians; however, pharmacologic data are lacking for anthelmintic drugs. This study was developed to determine the plasma pharmacokinetics of selamectin after topical administration in bullfrogs. Thirty-two adult American bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) were randomly assigned into eight groups of four with each group representing a different collection time point. Seven groups received selamectin (6 mg/ kg) topically and the remaining group served as the untreated control group. One group of frogs was euthanized and blood samples immediately collected on days 0 (control), 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30. Plasma was analyzed for selamectin using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Individual samples were analyzed, then data were reported as the mean of the four frogs at each time point. A histologic evaluation of the lung, liver, kidney, and skin tissues was performed and none of the frogs showed histologic evidence of toxicity due to selamectin administration. The mean peak plasma concentration was 162.5 +/- 42.3 ng/ml, area under the curve was 2,856 ng day/ml, mean residence time was 12.2 days, and disappearance half-life was 1.87 days. Based on the plasma pharmacokinetics, bullfrogs appear to absorb selamectin very efficiently, concentrations reach high levels in the plasma, and there were no apparent histologic effects from single dose administration.
authors.affiliation: Oklahoma City Zoo, Oklahoma 73111, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: D'Agostino
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: Dawn M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Boothe
authors.forename: Prashanth K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Jayanna
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Snider
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hoover
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D000977:Antiparasitic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D005453:Fluorescence; D006207:Half-Life; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D011892:Rana catesbeiana / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000977:Antiparasitic Agents; D007559:Ivermectin; C414354:selamectin