title: Characterization of the serotonin transporter knockout rat: a selective change in the functioning of the serotonergic system.
abstract: Serotonergic signaling is involved in many neurobiological processes and disturbed 5-HT homeostasis is implicated in a variety of psychiatric and addictive disorders. Here, we describe the functional characterization of the serotonin transporter (SERT) knockout rat model, that is generated by N-ethyl-N-nitrosurea (ENU)-driven target-selected mutagenesis. Biochemical characterization revealed that SERT mRNA and functional protein are completely absent in homozygous knockout (SERT-/-) rats, and that there is a gene dose-dependent reduction in the expression and function of the SERT in heterozygous knockout rats. As a result, 5-HT homeostasis was found to be severely affected in SERT-/- rats: 5-HT tissue levels and depolarization-induced 5-HT release were significantly reduced, and basal extracellular 5-HT levels in the hippocampus were ninefold increased. Interestingly, we found no compensatory changes in in vitro activity of tryptophan hydroxylase and monoamine oxidase, the primary enzymes involved in 5-HT synthesis and degradation, respectively. Similarly, no major adaptations in non-serotonergic systems were found, as determined by dopamine and noradrenaline transporter binding, monoamine tissue levels, and depolarization-induced release of dopamine, noradrenaline, glutamate and GABA. In conclusion, neurochemical changes in the SERT knockout rat are primarily limited to the serotonergic system, making this novel rat model potentially very useful for studying the behavioral and neurobiological consequences of disturbed 5-HT homeostasis.
authors.affiliation: Hubrecht Laboratory, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Homberg
authors.forename: J D A
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Olivier
authors.forename: B M G
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Smits
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Mul
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mudde
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Verheul
authors.forename: O F M
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Nieuwenhuizen
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Cools
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ronken
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cremers
authors.forename: A N M
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Schoffelmeer
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Ellenbroek
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cuppen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D016296:Mutagenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D009605:Nitrosomethylurethane / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism*; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014365:Tryptophan Hydroxylase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; C493232:Slc6a4 protein, rat; C022881:N-ethyl-N-nitrosourethane; D012701:Serotonin; D009605:Nitrosomethylurethane; D014365:Tryptophan Hydroxylase; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase