title: Exploring the underperformance of male and minority ethnic medical students in first year clinical examinations.
abstract: Evidence shows that medical students from Minority Ethnic (ME) backgrounds and male medical students underperform in undergraduate examinations. Our study confirmed these findings in first year clinical (year 3) medical students, and further explored this disparity in performance. We conducted a series of meta-analyses to measure the effects of sex and ethnic group on the written examination and Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) scores of three groups of year 3 medical students at two London UK medical schools (n = 1,051; 46.0% male; 48.7% White). Male and ME students scored lower on written and OSCE assessments. Both assessments were statistically significantly correlated (mean r = 0.45) and therefore the effects of sex and ethnic group were measured on each exam after being adjusted for the effect of the other. Although sex and ethnic differences remained on the OSCE when adjusted for written performance, these differences disappeared on the written when it was adjusted for OSCE performance. These findings may reflect a relative deficit in practical clinical knowledge in male and ME year 3 students. Results were unlikely to be due to examiner bias, as the machine-marked unadjusted written exam results showed significant sex and ethnic differences.
authors.affiliation: Academic Centre for Medical Education, Division of Medical Education, Royal Free and University College Medical School, UCL Archway Campus, 4th Floor, Holborn Union Building, Highgate Hill, London, N19 5LW, UK. k.woolf@medsch.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Woolf
authors.forename: Inam
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Haq
authors.forename: I Chris
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: McManus
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Higham
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dacre
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014477:Underachievement