title: Early administration of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor antagonist (Pro3)GIP prevents the development of diabetes and related metabolic abnormalities associated with genetically inherited obesity in ob/ob mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ablation of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) receptor action is reported to protect against obesity and associated metabolic abnormalities. The aim of this study was to use prediabetic ob/ob mice to examine whether 60 days of chemical GIP receptor ablation with (Pro(3))GIP is able to counter the development of genetic obesity-related diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Young (5-7 weeks) ob/ob mice received once daily i.p. injections of either saline vehicle or (Pro(3))GIP (25 nmol kg(-1) day(-1)) over a 60 day period. Food intake, body weight and circulating glucose and insulin were measured at frequent intervals. At 60 days, glucose tolerance, response to native GIP, postprandial responses, insulin sensitivity, HbA(1c), circulating hormones and plasma lipids were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Body weight and food intake in (Pro(3))GIP-treated mice did not differ from ob/ob controls. GIP receptor blockade significantly improved non-fasting glucose (p < 0.001), HbA(1c) (p < 0.05), glucose tolerance (p < 0.001), meal tolerance (p < 0.001) and insulin sensitivity (p < 0.05). Remarkably, (Pro(3))GIP treatment prevented the age-related development of diabetes, as none of these parameters differed significantly between treated ob/ob mice and normal age-matched lean controls. Circulating levels of glucagon, corticosterone, adiponectin and total cholesterol were unchanged by (Pro(3))GIP, while levels of triacylglycerol, LDL-cholesterol and resistin were decreased (p < 0.05) compared with those in control ob/ob mice. Plasma and pancreatic insulin concentrations were generally lower after (Pro(3))GIP treatment than in control ob/ob mice (p < 0.01), but plasma insulin levels remained substantially raised (p < 0.001) compared with those observed in lean controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that sustained GIP receptor antagonism provides an effective means of preventing the development of many of the metabolic abnormalities of obesity-driven diabetes.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK. n.irwin@ulster.ac.uk
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Irwin
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: McClean
authors.forename: F P M
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: O'Harte
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Gault
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Harriott
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Flatt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008820:Mice, Obese; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010179:Pancreas / Q000378:metabolism; D011964:Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D011964:Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone; C479120:glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, Pro(3)-; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; C041086:gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor