title: Catheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmias guided by electroanatomic imaging (CARTO): a single-center experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Catheter ablation is assuming a larger role in the management of patients with cardiac arrhythmias. Conventional fluoroscopic catheter mapping has limited spatial resolution and involves prolonged fluoroscopy. The non-fluoroscopic electroanatomic mapping technique (CARTO) has been developed to overcome these drawbacks.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To report the early and late outcome in patients with different arrhythmias treated with radiofrequency ablation combined with the CARTO mapping and navigation system.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study cohort comprised 125 consecutive patients with different cardiac arrhythmias referred to our center from January 1999 to July 2005 for mapping and/or ablation procedures using the CARTO system. Forty patients (32%) had previous failed conventional ablation or mapping procedures and were referred by other centers. The arrhythmia included atrial fibrillation (n = 13), atrial flutter (n = 38), atrial tachycardia (n = 25), ventricular tachycardia (n = 24), arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (n = 9), and supraventricular tachycardia (n = 16).
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period, a total of 125 patients (mean age 49 +/- 19 years, 59% males) underwent electrophysiological study and electroanatomic mapping of the heart chambers. Supraventricular arrhythmias were identified in 92 patients (73%) and ventricular arrhythmias in 33 (27%). Acute and late success rates, defined as termination of the arrhythmia without anti-arrhythmic drugs, were 87% and 76% respectively. One patient (0.8%) developed a clinically significant complication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CARTO system advances our understanding of arrhythmias, and increases the safety, efficacy and efficiency of radiofrequency ablation.
authors.affiliation: Electrophysiology and Invasive Cardiology Units, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel. m_suleiman@rambam.health.gov.il
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suleiman
authors.forename: Lior
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gepstein
authors.forename: Ariel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roguin
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beyar
authors.forename: Monther
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boulos
mesh_terms: D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018780:Body Surface Potential Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome