title: Evaluation of lidocaine treatment and risk factors for death associated with gastric dilatation and volvulus in dogs: 112 cases (1997-2005).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine clinical features, outcome, risk factors for death, and efficacy of IV administration of lidocaine as a prophylactic treatment for ischemic reperfusion injury in gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  112 dogs with GDV.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data pertaining to breed; time lag to admission; clinical, clinicopathologic, and surgical findings; lidocaine treatment; and postoperative complications were assessed for association with outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  German Shepherd Dogs (28.6%) and Great Danes (17%) were significantly over-represented. Risk factors for death included time lag (> or = 5 hours vs < 5 hours) from onset of clinical signs to admission (46.0% vs 11.3%), rectal temperature (< or = 38 degrees C vs > 38 degrees C [< 100.4 degrees F vs > 100.4 degrees F]) at admission (40.0% vs 14.9%), presence or absence of ARF (67.0% vs 23.3%), presence or absence of suspected gastric wall necrosis (59.3% vs 16.0%), and untreated gastric wall necrosis, compared with treated gastric wall necrosis (100% vs 47.6%). Overall mortality rate was 26.8%; no significant differences were detected in mortality rate or postoperative complications between dogs that received lidocaine IV prior to surgical intervention (52.0%) and dogs that did not (48.0%). Mean +/- SD hospitalization time was longer in the lidocaine treatment group (3.5 +/- 1.9 days vs 2.5 +/- 1.4 days).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Presence of the identified risk factors should warrant aggressive treatment. Lidocaine treatment was not associated with mortality rate or postoperative complications, but was associated with prolonged hospitalization time.
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
authors.forename: Tali
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Buber
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saragusty
authors.forename: Eyal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ranen
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: Tali
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bdolah-Abram
authors.forename: Yaron
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bruchim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D013271:Gastric Dilatation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D012307:Risk Factors; D013277:Stomach Volvulus / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D008012:Lidocaine