title: Long-term results of transmetacarpal replantation.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate subjective, functional and occupational outcome after transmetacarpal amputations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-three patients (mean age 34, range 1-71) with a transmetacarpal injury devitalizing three or more finger rays were treated with revascularization (22 patients) or replantation (21 patients). Most of the injuries (60%) were caused by a circular saw. Altogether 174 rays were injured of which 14 were doomed unsalvageable. An attempt was made to save the rest (n=160). Metacarpals were shortened on average 8 (range 0-22)mm. The number of arteries repaired varied from 2 to 5 and a vein graft was used in 16 patients. Thirty-eight patients (88%) attended a clinical follow-up examination performed by an independent observer at mean 9 years (range 2-24 years) after the injury. Subjective result was documented. Sensation was tested by two-point discrimination and Semmes-Weinsten filaments. Total active motion of MP- and IP-joints was measured. Grip and pinch strength was recorded. Functional results were assessed by Tamai's and Chens scoring systems. Cold intolerance and occupational history was registered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Primary survival of the replanted or revascularized digital rays was 86% (137/160). Subjective result was excellent in 11, good in 11, fair in 10 and poor in 6 patients. Out of 110 revascularized/replanted digits 86 (78%) achieved 2PD, among those the mean 2PD was 14.7 mm (range 6-25 mm). Total active motion (TAM) was on average 154 degrees (range 20-270 degrees ) per injured digit. The mean grip strength measured 56% (range 3-100%, n=33) and pinch strength 58% (10-100%, n=30) of the uninjured side. Using Tamai's scoring system the outcome was excellent in eight, good in 11, fair in 12 and poor in seven patients. According to Chen's criteria the result was excellent in seven, good in eight, fair in 18 and poor in five patients, respectively. The majority experienced cold intolerance. Sixteen of the 30 manual workers resumed to their previous or related occupation, ten were re-educated and four retired.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of transmetal carpal injuries with devascularized rays can be revascularized/replanted with a good subjective and satisfactory functional end result. Most patients can resume their old occupations or be employed after re-education.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hand and Microsurgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland. pasi.paavilainen@uta.fi
authors.forename: Pasi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paavilainen
authors.forename: Yrjänä
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nietosvaara
authors.forename: Kari A O
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Tikkinen
authors.forename: Tuula
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Salmi
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Paakkala
authors.forename: Simo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vilkki
mesh_terms: D000062:Accidents, Occupational; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006225:Hand / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006230:Hand Injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008663:Metacarpus / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D009336:Necrosis; D012086:Reoperation; D012092:Replantation / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome