title: Improved control of oral anticoagulant dosing: a randomized controlled trial comparing two computer algorithms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Efforts to improve dosing quality in oral anticoagulant control include the use of computer algorithms. As current algorithms are simplistic and give dosage proposals in a small fraction of patients, we developed an algorithm based on principles of system and control engineering that gives proposals in nearly all patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the new algorithm in clinical practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a double-blind randomized controlled trial among 712 patients with an indication for long-term anticoagulant treatment at the Leiden Anticoagulation Clinic. We compared oral anticoagulant dosing supported by the new algorithm (ICAD) with the standard algorithm (TRODIS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of time spent in the therapeutic range was similar for the new and standard algorithm groups, 79.8% vs. 80.2% (difference 0.4%, 95% CI: -1.7-2.6%). The new algorithm produced a dosage proposal in 97.5% of visits, and the standard algorithm in 60.8% (difference 36.7%, 95% CI: 35.4-38.0%). Of proposals of the new algorithm, 79.3% were accepted by the physician vs. 90.9% for the standard algorithm (difference 11.6%, 95% CI: 10.2-13.0%). This implies that the new algorithm gave an acceptable proposal in 77.4% of all patient visits vs. 55.3% for the standard algorithm (difference 22.1%, 95% CI 20.4-23.8%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Substantially more dosage proposals were generated and accepted with the new than with the standard algorithm, and the new algorithm will therefore improve the efficiency of anticoagulant monitoring without loss of quality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: van Leeuwen
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Rombouts
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kruithof
authors.forename: F J M
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: van der Meer
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Rosendaal
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012984:Software; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants