title: Retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy without previous control of adrenal vein is feasible and safe for pheochromocytoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma and report our experience in adrenalectomy without previous control of the adrenal vein.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2000 to December 2005, 56 patients underwent 58 retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy procedures for the treatment of pheochromocytoma. Adequate preoperative antihypertensive preparation was performed. Intraoperative hemodynamic changes were documented in detail. During surgery, the adrenal vein was identified and ligated after dissection and mobilization of the adrenal gland.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One patient required conversion to open surgery. The mean operative time and estimated blood loss was 50.4 +/- 19.8 minutes (range 25 to 150) and 76.4 +/- 23.5 mL (range 20 to 300), respectively. A systolic blood pressure greater than 200 mm Hg or less than 80 mm Hg was observed in 6 and 3 patients, respectively. Moreover, an upward fluctuation of systolic blood pressure (20 mm Hg or greater) was recorded during laparoscopic manipulation in 21 patients (37.5%), and in 8 of them, it was 50 mm Hg or greater. The mean diameter of the excised masses was 4.6 +/- 1.7 cm (range 1.5 to 10.0). The mean hospital stay was 5.2 +/- 1.3 days (range 3 to 9). No patients had a major complication and none died. During the follow-up period of 5 months to 3 years, 36 patients recovered normal blood pressure without antihypertensive drugs. No tumor recurrences developed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy without previous control of the adrenal vein is effective and safe for ablation of pheochromocytoma. For experienced surgeons, the tumors larger than 6 cm in diameter can also be removed using the retroperitoneal endoscopic approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China. xzhang@tjh.tjmu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Jin-Zhi
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Bao-Jun
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000098:blood supply; D000315:Adrenalectomy / Q000379:methods*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008026:Ligation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010673:Pheochromocytoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011336:Probability; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014684:Venae Cavae / Q000601:surgery