Imaging in spinal vascular disease.
Spinal vascular diseases are rare and constitute only 1% to 2% of all vascular neurologic pathologies. In this article, the following vascular pathologies of the spine are described: spinal arterial infarcts, spinal cavernomas, and arteriovenous malformations (including perimedullary fistulae and glomerular arterivenous malformations), and spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae. This article gives an overview about their imaging features on MRI, MR angiography, and digital subtraction angiography. Clinical differential diagnoses, the neurologic symptomatology, and the potential therapeutic approaches of these diseases, which might vary depending on the underlying pathologic condition, are given.
Krings
Timo
T
Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52057 Aachen, Germany. tkrings@ukaachen.de
Lasjaunias
Pierre L
PL
Hans
Franz J
FJ
Mull
Michael
M
Nijenhuis
Robbert J
RJ
Alvarez
Hortensia
H
Backes
Walter H
WH
Reinges
Marcus H T
MH
Rodesch
Georges
G
Gilsbach
Joachim M
JM
Thron
Armin K
AK
D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction / Q000379:methods*; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000175:diagnosis; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000175:diagnosis; D035583:Rare Diseases; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D020758:Spinal Cord Vascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*