title: Cervical vertebral artery variations: an anatomic study.
abstract: In this article, we present 5 cases of uncommon anomalous vertebral arteries and discuss the possible embryologic etiologies. These cases include a left vertebral artery as the 2nd branch off the left subclavian, a left vertebral artery with 2 origins, a right vertebral artery arising as the last branch off the aorta, a right vertebral artery arising as the 2nd branch off the right subclavian artery, and right vertebral artery with proximal duplication as the 2nd branch off the right subclavian artery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hahnemann University Hospital, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA. srsatti@gmail.com
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Satti
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Cerniglia
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Koenigsberg
mesh_terms: D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D002526:Cerebellar Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014711:Vertebral Artery / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014715:Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology