title: TAK-536, a new AT1 receptor blocker, improves glucose intolerance and adipocyte differentiation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effects of a new AT(1) receptor blocker (ARB), TAK-536, on insulin resistance were explored using type 2 diabetic KK-A(y) mice and compared with those of candesartan cilexetil (candesartan).
  
  
  METHODS
  Male KK-A(y) mice were treated with TAK-536 or candesartan at doses of 0.0005%, 0.001%, and 0.005% in laboratory chow for 2 weeks. Results of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and tissue glucose uptake were examined. Expression of markers for insulin resistance and adipocyte differentiation was measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both TAK-536 and candesartan suppressed the increase in plasma glucose level in the OGTT without significant change in insulin concentration and improved insulin sensitivity. Both ARBs also increased tissue glucose uptake, especially in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. These effects of TAK-536 on glucose intolerance were stronger than those of candesartan. In skeletal muscle, TAK-536 but not candesartan decreased the expression of TNF-alpha at doses of 0.001%. In adipose tissue, TAK-536 and candesartan reduced TNF-alpha expression but increased the expression of adiponectin, PPARgamma, C/EBalpha, and aP2. The effects of TAK-536 on these parameters were also greater than those of candesartan. Adipose tissue weight and cell size were decreased by TAK-536 at 0.005%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate the greater beneficial effects of TAK-536 in improving glucose intolerance, insulin sensitivity, and induction of adipocyte differentiation, and suggest that TAK-536 is advantageous as a new ARB for treatment of metabolic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Tohon, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwai
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yoshimi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imura
authors.forename: Masatsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D048429:Cell Size / Q000187:drug effects; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D010069:Oxadiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D010069:Oxadiazoles; D013777:Tetrazoles; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C521273:azilsartan; D005947:Glucose; C081643:candesartan