title: 3,4,5-triarylisothiazoles via C-C coupling chemistry.
abstract: The regiocontrolled preparation of triarylisothiazoles is presented. 3-Halo-5-phenylisothiazole-4-carbonitriles, 1 (hal=Cl) and 18 (hal=I), are converted into the corresponding 4-bromo derivatives 5 (3-hal=Cl) and 24 (3-hal=I) via a Hunsdiecker strategy while the 4-iodo analogues 7 (3-hal=Cl) and 22 (3-hal=I) are prepared via a Hoffmann and Sandmeyer strategy. Regioselective Suzuki, Stille and Negishi reactions occur at C-4 with both the 4-bromo- and 4-iodoisothiazoles 5 and 7 , the latter being more reactive than the former. 3-Iodoisothiazoles 22 and 24 fail to give regiocontrolled Suzuki, Stille or Negishi couplings, however, 4-bromo-3-iodo-5-phenylisothiazole 24 gives the regiospecific palladium catalysed Ullmann-type reaction product 3,3'-bi(4-bromo-5-phenylisothiazole) 25 . Alkali hydrolysis of 3-chloro-4,5-diphenylisothiazole 8 gives the 3-hydroxy analogue 12 which is converted into 3-bromo-4,5-diphenylisothiazole 13 with POBr(3). 3-Bromoisothiazole 13 reacts with phenylzinc chloride to give 3,4,5-triphenylisothiazole 17 but fails to undergo effective Suzuki or Stille couplings. 3,5-Diphenylisothiazole-4-carbonitrile 26 is converted into the 4-bromo- and 4-iodo-3,5-diphenylisothiazoles 30 and 34 both of which are effective for Suzuki and Stille couplings. A series of triarylisothiazoles are prepared in this manner and fully characterised.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678, Nicosia, Cyprus.
authors.forename: Irene C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Christoforou
authors.forename: Panayiotis A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Koutentis
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D002384:Catalysis; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods*; D010165:Palladium / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D013844:Thiazoles; D010165:Palladium; D002244:Carbon