title: Reprogramming events of mammalian somatic cells induced by Xenopus laevis egg extracts.
abstract: It is known that differentiated cells can be reprogrammed to an undifferentiated state in oocyte cytoplasm after nuclear transfer. Recently, some reports suggested that Xenopus egg extracts have the ability to reprogram mammalian somatic cells. Reprogramming events of mammalian cells after Xenopus egg extract treatment and after cell culture of extract-treated cells have not been elucidated. In this experiment, we examined reprogramming events in reversibly permeabilized or nonpermeabilized porcine fibroblast cells after Xenopus egg extract treatment. The Xenopus egg-specific histone B4 was assembled on porcine chromatin and nuclear lamin LIII was incorporated into nuclei. Deacetylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 in extract-treated cells was detected in nonpermeabilized cells, suggesting that a part of reprogramming may be induced even in nonpermeabilized cells. Following culture of extract-treated cells, the cells began to express the pluripotent marker genes such as POU5F1 (OCT4) and SOX2 and to form colonies. Reactivation of the OCT4 gene in extract-treated cells was also confirmed in bovine fibroblasts transformed with an OCT4-EGFP construct. These results suggest that nuclei of mammalian cells can be partially reprogrammed to an embryonic state by Xenopus egg extracts and the remodeled cells partly dedifferentiate after cell culture. A system using egg extracts may be useful for understanding the mechanisms and processes of dedifferentiation and reprogramming of mammalian somatic cells after nuclear transfer.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furusawa
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohnuki
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goel
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tokunaga
authors.forename: Naojiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: Masayasu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Keita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohsumi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imai
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002457:Cell Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D065150:Cellular Reprogramming / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D034882:Lamins / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / Q000235:genetics; D010063:Ovum / Q000737:chemistry*; D013552:Swine; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D002457:Cell Extracts; D006657:Histones; D034882:Lamins; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases