title: Cortico-hypoglossal and corticospinal conduction abnormality in Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis.
abstract: The Miller Fisher syndrome, Guillain-Barre syndrome and Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis are related conditions in which anti-GQ1b antibody positivity occur in varied frequencies. This report demonstrates the presence of corticobulbar and corticospinal dysfunction in BBE, by means of a novel transcranial magnetic stimulation technique. It further supports the presence of protean manifestations in anti-GQ1b IgG antibody-positive spectrum of disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ratnagopal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004401:Dysarthria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology; D005732:Gangliosides / Q000276:immunology; D020275:Guillain-Barre Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007002:Hypoglossal Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology; D020437:Hypoglossal Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000502:physiology*; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D011712:Pyramidal Tracts / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012021:Reflex, Abnormal / Q000502:physiology; D012075:Remission, Spontaneous; D013577:Syndrome; D014059:Tongue / Q000294:innervation; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D005732:Gangliosides; C039129:GQ1b ganglioside