title: Denaturing and refolding of protein molecules on surfaces.
abstract: Keeping protein molecules in the active state on a solid surface is essential to protein microarrays and other protein-based biosensors. Here, we show that the 2-D chemical environment controls the refolding of the denatured green fluorescent proteins tethered to solid surfaces. Refolding occurs readily on the repulsive PEG functionalized surface but is inhibited on the attractive--NH(2) functionalized surface. This result shows the critical importance of the 2-D chemical environment in the maintenance and revival of protein activity on surfaces and opens the door to designing 2-D molecular chaperones for protein folding.
authors.affiliation: MicroSurfaces, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Holtz
authors.forename: Yini
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiao-Yang
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Athena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D011489:Protein Denaturation; D017510:Protein Folding; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins