title: Fontan completion without surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are several modifications introduced in the preparation for a subsequent non-surgical transcatheter completion of the Fontan procedure. We report our experience with one type of the modification and the short-term results following its implementation.
  
  
  METHODS
  During bidirectional cavopulmonary connection (BCPC) an intra-atrial lateral tunnel is additionally created, as intended for a Fontan procedure but fenestrated with a 10-14 mm aperture. The cardiac end of the superior vena cava (SVC) is then patched to maintain the physiology of BCPC. During the interventional transcatheter completion procedure, the SVC patch is perforated using radio-frequency (RF) energy, balloon-dilated, and stented as well. The aperture is closed with a device when required. Paired t-test was used to compare data before and after the Fontan completion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From June 2003 to February 2006, 16 patients (9 boys and 7 girls, mean age 12 months) underwent the surgical procedure described. The mean bypass time was 137 min and the mean ischemic time was 77 min. There were no operative deaths. One patient with bilateral SVC required a take down due to recurrent effusions. Ten months later, nine patients underwent completion (mean age 20 months, mean weight 10.6 kg). The stents were dilated to a mean diameter of 14.4mm. All except one aperture was closed with a device. The mean fluoroscopy time was 41 min. Oxygen saturation increased from 85 to 94% (p=0.001). Pulmonary artery pressures remained normal (16 mmHg before and 19 mmHg after, p=0.12). No patients required mechanical ventilation and none developed pleural effusions or arrhythmias. All were discharged from hospital within 6 days of the Fontan completion. Twenty-two months after Fontan, all were well. Echocardiography revealed no gradients across the stents. Two patients had minor leaks across the aperture. One underwent further stent dilatation a year later.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fontan completion without surgery is suitable in patients with single ventricles with lower mortality and morbidity, avoids multiple surgical interventions while maintaining the staged approach and allows for successive dilatation of the Fontan pathway to accommodate for growth.
authors.affiliation: King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. asallehuddin@kfshrc.edu.sa
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sallehuddin
authors.forename: Abdulrahman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mesned
authors.forename: Maie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barakati
authors.forename: Majid Al
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Fayyadh
authors.forename: Fadel
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fadley
authors.forename: Zohair
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Al-Halees
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D018729:Fontan Procedure / Q000379:methods*; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior / Q000601:surgery