title: Nutrient intake during peritoneal dialysis at the Prince of Wales Hospital in Hong Kong.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Individuals undergoing peritoneal dialysis are at increased risk of developing cardiac disease and malnutrition.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  249 Chinese continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients were recruited from the Prince of Wales Hospital in Hong Kong. Another 249 age- and sex-matched controls were recruited from an archive of 1,010 individuals with known food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the dietary intake pattern of CAPD patients with controls and evaluate its association with background cardiac disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intake of different nutrients was estimated by using a 7-day FFQ.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intake of all nutrients was lower in CAPD patients than controls, with resulting lower overall energy intake. Nutrient intake was decreased further in CAPD patients with background cardiac disease, which corresponded to worse nutritional status. Controlling for age, male sex, body weight, diabetes mellitus, dialysis therapy duration, residual renal function, peritoneal dialysis urea clearance, and Charlson Comorbidity Index score, background cardiac disease was associated independently with less intake of energy and most macronutrients and micronutrients. However, the association between background cardiac disease and energy and most nutrient intake was decreased or even lost when additional adjustment was made for C-reactive protein and serum albumin levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An FFQ is limited in that nutrient quantitation is not exact and may be underestimated as a result of underreporting by patients. CAPD patients were compared with a control group without cardiovascular disease ascertainment that did not include subjects with diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chinese CAPD patients had significantly lower nutrient intake than age- and sex-matched controls. The association between cardiac disease and lower dietary macronutrient and micronutrient intake in CAPD patients was mediated in part through systemic inflammation, which also was associated with more malnutrition. More attention should be focused on improving the intake pattern of Chinese CAPD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong. aymwang@hkucc.hku.hk <aymwang@hkucc.hku.hk>
authors.forename: Angela Yee-Moon
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Mandy Man-Mei
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Sea
authors.forename: Kenway
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Mandy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kwan
authors.forename: Siu-Fai
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Lui
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Woo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000453:epidemiology; D006786:Hospitals, Urban; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status / Q000502:physiology*; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory / Q000009:adverse effects