title: Melanoma of the anal canal: a case series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anal melanoma is an uncommon and aggressive cancer. Different surgical modalities have been used in managing the disease with no clear evidence to favor one approach over another.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of patients with anal melanoma treated at the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer and Research Institute between 1987 and 2004 were reviewed. Published anal melanoma studies, including more than ten patients with outcome data, also were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve patients were identified (8 percent of all cancer of the anal canal). Nine were females with a median age of 67 (range, 27-86) years. Four patients had nodal involvement, and one had bone metastases at the time of diagnosis. Five patients had abdominoperineal resection, and six had local excision. Adjuvant radiation therapy with or without interferon was used. Five of the 11 patients without metastatic disease relapsed or died within the first year of diagnosis (4 had local excision and 1 had abdominoperineal resection). Median time to relapse was 6.5 (range, 4-31) months. The liver was the most common site for relapse. Only one patient treated with local excision followed by interferon was a long survivor (no evidence of recurrence at 54 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anorectal melanoma is a rare and challenging disease. The preoperative staging influences the treatment schedule. In the absence of strong survival benefit of abdominoperineal resection in managing the nonmetastatic form of the disease, it is reasonable to consider local excision as the initial treatment of choice. Adjuvant radiation therapy is well tolerated and is promising in improving locoregional control.
authors.affiliation: H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, MCC-GME, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA. Jade.Homsi@moffitt.org
authors.forename: Jade
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Homsi
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garrett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents