title: The novel triterpenoid C-28 methyl ester of 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxoolen-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid inhibits metastatic murine breast tumor growth through inactivation of STAT3 signaling.
abstract: We and others have reported that C-28 methyl ester of 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxoolen-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO-Me) effectively inhibits the growth of multiple cancer cell types. Our previous studies indicated that prolonged CDDO-Me treatment inactivated extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling in acute myelogenous leukemia cells. Whether treatment with CDDO-Me has an earlier effect on other proteins that are important for either signal transduction or oncogenesis is unknown. Constitutively activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is frequently found in human breast cancer samples. Constitutively activated STAT3 was shown to up-regulate c-Myc in several types of cancer and has a feedback effect on Src and Akt. To examine the effects of CDDO-Me on STAT3 signaling in breast cancer, we used the murine 4T1 breast tumor model, which is largely resistant to chemotherapy. In vitro, after treatment of 4T1 cells with 500 nmol/L CDDO-Me for 2 h, we found (a) inactivation of STAT3, (b) inactivation of Src and Akt, (c) 4-fold reduction of c-Myc mRNA levels, (d) accumulation of cells in G(2)-M cell cycle phase, (e) abrogation of invasive growth of 4T1 cells, and (f) lack of apoptosis induction. In in vivo studies, CDDO-Me completely eliminated 4T1 breast cancer growth and lung metastases induced by 4T1 cells in mice when treatment started 1 day after tumor implantation and significantly inhibited tumor growth when started after 5 days. In vivo studies also indicated that splenic mature dendritic cells were restored after CDDO-Me treatment. In summary, these data suggest that CDDO-Me may have therapeutic potential in breast cancer therapy, in part, through inactivation of STAT3.
authors.affiliation: Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaoyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Konopleva
authors.forename: Zhihong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Vivian
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ruvolo
authors.forename: L Clifton
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schober
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: McQueen
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.forename: Timothy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Madden
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andreeff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000187:drug effects; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics; D016086:Lentivirus / Q000235:genetics; D049410:Luciferases, Renilla; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000556:secondary; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009828:Oleanolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494087:Stat3 protein, mouse; D009828:Oleanolic Acid; C445068:bardoxolone methyl; D049410:Luciferases, Renilla