[Narcolepsy: a new perspective on diagnosis and treatment].
The 5 classic symptoms of narcolepsy are excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, hypnagogic hallucinations and disturbed nocturnal sleep. The presence of cataplexy is strongly associated with a deficiency of the neuropeptide hypocretin. This discovery has led to new diagnostic subclassifications: narcolepsy without cataplexy, which can be demonstrated by a multiple sleep latency test, and narcolepsy with cataplexy, which can be confirmed with a multiple sleep latency test or a cerebrospinal fluid deficiency of hypocretin I. Various treatment options are available, including psychostimulants and gamma hydroxybuterate.
Fronczek
R
R
Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, afd. Neurologie en Klinische Neurofysiologie, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden.
van der Zande
W L M
WL
van Dijk
J G
JG
Overeem
S
S
Lammers
G J
GJ
D002385:Cataplexy / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000172:deficiency; D009290:Narcolepsy / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000172:deficiency; D000068797:Orexins; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000187:drug effects; D012978:Sodium Oxybate / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D000068797:Orexins; D012978:Sodium Oxybate