title: Insecticide susceptible/resistance status in Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand during 2003-2005.
abstract: Susceptibility baselines and diagnostic doses of the technical grade insecticides deltamethrin, permethrin, fenitrothion, and propoxur were established based on Aedes aegypti (L.), Bora (French Polynesia), a reference susceptible strain. Field-collected Aedes mosquitoes from each part of Thailand were subjected to bioassay for their susceptibility to the diagnostic doses of each insecticide. Almost all Ae. aegypti collected were incipient resistant or resistant to deltamethrin and permethrin, except those from some areas of Songkhla (southern) and Phan district of Chiang Rai (northern) province. Susceptibility to fenitrothion was found in mosquitoes from Bangkok (central), Chonburi (eastern), Chiang Rai, Kanchanaburi (western), and Songkhla, whereas they were resistant in almost all areas of Nakhon Sawan (north central) and Nakhon Ratchasima (northeastern) provinces. Most of Ae. aegypti were susceptible to propoxur except those from Mae Wong, Nakhon Sawan province. Various levels of insecticide resistance and susceptibility in adjacent areas revealed a focal susceptible/resistance profile in the country. It could be noted that almost all of Ae. albopictus were susceptible to the insecticides tested at the same diagnostic doses. In conclusion, resistance to pyrethroids (permethrin and deltamethrin) has developed in Ae. aegypti in most of the collected areas, suggesting that an alternative choice of insecticide or other control measures should be applied.
authors.affiliation: Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Science and Technology for Research and Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Puttamonthon, Nakhonpathom, Thailand. stnjk@mahidol.ac.th
authors.forename: Nuananong
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jirakanjanakit
authors.forename: Pornpimol
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rongnoparut
authors.forename: Seeviga
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saengtharatip
authors.forename: Theeraphap
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chareonviriyaphap
authors.forename: Stephane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duchon
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bellec
authors.forename: Sutee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoksan
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000145:classification; D000818:Animals; D005278:Fenitrothion; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D026023:Permethrin; D001074:Propoxur; D011722:Pyrethrins; D013785:Thailand; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017180:decamethrin; D026023:Permethrin; D001074:Propoxur; D005278:Fenitrothion