title: Can we talk about CD4+CD28- lymphocytes as a risk factor for ischemic stroke?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  CD4+CD28- lymphocytes are implicated in the destabilization of atheromatous plaque, leading to acute coronary episodes. One may ask whether these cells play a similar role in ischemic stroke pathogenesis with an atherosclerotic background.
  
  
  METHODS
  Flow cytometry was applied to determine the percentage of CD4+CD28- lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients during the acute phase of their first ischemic stroke (group I) and in patients without a history of stroke but with two of the most important risk factors (hypertension, diabetes) for atherosclerosis-related ischemic stroke (group II). The results were compared with healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median percentages of CD4+CD28- lymphocytes in groups I and II did not differ significantly, but for each of these groups the percentage was higher than in the control group. The time of blood sampling from onset of stroke, presence of the ischemic focus in the CT brain scan and severity of neurological deficits did not correlate with the percentage of CD4+CD28- lymphocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that CD4+CD28- lymphocytes are implicated in mechanisms enhancing the risk of acute ischemic stroke and not a consequence of stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland. nowiczontko@poczta.onet.pl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nowik
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nowacki
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grabarek
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Drechsler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Białecka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Widecka
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stankiewicz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Safranow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*