title: Relations between segmental and motor variability in prosodically complex nonword sequences.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess how prosodic prominence and hierarchical foot structure influence segmental and articulatory aspects of speech production, specifically segmental accuracy and variability, and oral movement trajectory variability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty individuals participated: 10 young adults, 10 children who are normally developing, and 10 children diagnosed with specific language impairment. Segmental error and segmental variability and movement trajectory variability were compared in low and high prosodic prominence conditions (i.e., strong and weak syllables) and in different prosodic foot structures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between-participants findings were that both groups of children showed more segmental error and segmental variability and more movement trajectory variability than did adults. A similar within-participant pattern of results was observed for all 3 groups. Prosodic prominence influenced both segmental and motor levels of analysis, with weak syllables produced less accurately and with more lip and jaw movement trajectory variability than strong syllables. However, hierarchical foot structure affected segmental but not motor measures of speech production accuracy and variability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Motor and segmental variables were not consistently aligned. This pattern of results has clinical implications because inferences about motor variability may not directly follow from observations of segmental variability.
authors.affiliation: Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Heavilon Hall, Purdue University, 500 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. goffman@purdue.edu
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Goffman
authors.forename: Louann
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gerken
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lucchesi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007806:Language Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D010700:Phonetics; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D014825:Vocabulary