title: Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded using conventional vs one and two step self-etching/adhesive systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess and compare the effects of one- and two-step self-etching primer and adhesive with conventional acid-etching and bonding system on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets.
  
  
  METHODS
  The one-step self-etching primer and adhesive used was Clearfil tri-S bond, the two-step fluoride-releasing antibacterial self-etching primer and adhesive was Clearfil Protect Bond, and the fluoride-releasing conventional acid-etching and bonding system was Kurasper F Bond. Brackets were bonded to defect-free human premolars (n = 14 per group) according to each manufacturer's recommendations by using light-cured bracket adhesive Kurasper F Paste with a light-emitting diode of a light-curing unit. The specimens were stored in deionized water at 37 degrees C for 48 hours and then tested in shear with a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min until the brackets debonded. The mode of failure of the brackets was determined by a modified adhesive remnant index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean shear bond strength values were 9.00 MPa for Kurasper F Bond, 9.55 MPa for Clearfil Protect Bond, and 9.48 MPa for Clearfil tri-S Bond. One-way analysis of variance detected no statistically significant difference among groups (P = .98, P > .05). The predominant failure for the three groups was at the bracket-adhesive interface leaving less than 25% of the adhesive on the bracket base.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One-step self-etching adhesive and two-step fluoride-releasing antibacterial self-etching adhesive have sufficient mechanical properties for the bonding of orthodontic brackets.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, 06100, Shhiye, Ankara, Turkey. nurayattar@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Nuray
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Attar
authors.forename: Tulin Ugur
authors.initials: TU
authors.lastname: Taner
authors.forename: Erhan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tülümen
authors.forename: Yonca
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Korkmaz
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001641:Bicuspid; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D033081:Shear Strength
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D005459:Fluorides