title: Surgical and interventional radiographic treatment of dogs with hepatic arteriovenous fistulae.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report outcome after surgical and interventional radiographic treatment of hepatic arteriovenous fistulae (HAVF) in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs (n=20) with HAVF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of dogs with HAVF were reviewed. Referring veterinarians and owners were contacted by telephone. History, clinical signs, biochemical and hematologic variables, ultrasonographic and angiographic findings, surgical findings, techniques used to correct the HAVF, survival time, and clinical follow-up were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Canine HAVF often appeared to be an arteriovenous malformation rather than a single fistula. Multiple extrahepatic portosystemic shunts were identified in 19 dogs. Surgery (lobectomy or ligation of the nutrient artery) and/or interventional radiology (glue embolization of the abnormal arterial vessels) was performed in 17 dogs. Thirteen dogs were treated by surgery alone, 4 dogs by glue embolization alone, and 1 dog by glue embolization and surgery. Three dogs treated by surgery alone died <1 month later, and 3 dogs were subsequently euthanatized or died because of persistent clinical signs. None of the dogs treated by glue embolization died <1month after the procedure and all were alive, without clinical signs, at follow-up (9-17 months). Overall, 9 of 12 (75%) dogs with long-term follow-up required dietary or medical management of clinical signs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HAVF-related death occurred less frequently after glue embolization than after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Glue embolization may be a good alternative to surgery for treatment of certain canine HAVF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Surgery, National Veterinary School of Lyon, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chanoit
authors.forename: Andrew E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Kyles
authors.forename: Chick
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weisse
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Hardie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D002140:California; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006499:Hepatic Artery / Q000002:abnormalities*; D008297:Male; D009657:North Carolina; D010414:Pennsylvania; D011169:Portal Vein / Q000002:abnormalities*; D011859:Radiography; D011996:Records / Q000662:veterinary; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography