title: Effect of cell phone usage on semen analysis in men attending infertility clinic: an observational study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of cell phone use on various markers of semen quality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Infertility clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred sixty-one men undergoing infertility evaluation were divided into four groups according to their active cell phone use: group A: no use; group B: <2 h/day; group C: 2-4 h/day; and group D: >4 h/day.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sperm parameters (volume, liquefaction time, pH, viscosity, sperm count, motility, viability, and morphology).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The comparisons of mean sperm count, motility, viability, and normal morphology among four different cell phone user groups were statistically significant. Mean sperm motility, viability, and normal morphology were significantly different in cell phone user groups within two sperm count groups. The laboratory values of the above four sperm parameters decreased in all four cell phone user groups as the duration of daily exposure to cell phones increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of cell phones decrease the semen quality in men by decreasing the sperm count, motility, viability, and normal morphology. The decrease in sperm parameters was dependent on the duration of daily exposure to cell phones and independent of the initial semen quality.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Research Center, Glickman Urological Institute and Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. agarwaa@ccf.org
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Fnu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Deepinder
authors.forename: Rakesh K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Geetha
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ranga
authors.forename: Jianbo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D040421:Cell Phone; D048429:Cell Size / Q000528:radiation effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000528:radiation effects; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012661:Semen / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013076:Sperm Count; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000528:radiation effects; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D014783:Viscosity / Q000528:radiation effects