title: Relationship between neurological outcome and early oxidative changes in erythrocytes in head injury patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Experimental data indicate that destructive oxidative events reach their peak within the first 24 h after trauma in head injury (HI) and that brain damage occurring due to this impact can be the cause of death or irreversible permanent disabilities in affected patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Venous blood samples were obtained from 50 HI patients within 24 h of trauma onset and from 30 age- and sex-matched normal controls (NC). Patients were divided into three different neurological outcome groups: those who died within 10 days of trauma (D), and those with severe neurological deficits (SD) or mild/no neurological deficits (MD) at 90 days after trauma. Early oxidative changes in erythrocytes were assessed by estimating an indicator of lipid peroxidative damage - thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) - and antioxidants [reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity].
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the D group, erythrocyte TBARS levels were significantly higher compared to the NC, SD and MD groups (p<0.001); GSH levels were significantly lower compared to the NC (p<0.001) and MD (p<0.01) groups and SOD activity was significantly higher than in the NC (p<0.01) and MD (p<0.01) groups. In the SD group, TBARS levels were significantly higher than in the NC (p<0.001) and MD (p<0.05) groups; GSH levels were significantly lower than in the NC (p<0.001) and MD (p<0.01) groups and SOD activity was higher compared to the NC and MD (p<0.01) groups. In the MD group, TBARS levels were significantly higher and GSH levels significantly lower compared to the NC group (p<0.001). However, we did not observe any significant change in SOD activity compared to the NC group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that early oxidative changes may reflect the severity of neurological insult and provide an early indication of patient outcome in traumatic HI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal, India. chandrikadinesh@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Chandrika
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.forename: Surekha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.forename: Annaswamy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raja
authors.forename: Anjali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione