title: Identification of post-menopausal women at risk of osteoporosis by trained general dental practitioners using panoramic radiographs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An eroded inferior cortex of the mandible on panoramic radiographs may be useful for identifying post-menopausal women with low bone mineral density (BMD), or osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to assess whether trained general dental practitioners (GDPs) can identify post-menopausal women with undetected low skeletal BMD as well as spinal fractures by panoramic radiographs in their clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Out of 455 women aged 50 years and older who visited the dental clinics of 22 trained GDPs and had panoramic radiographic assessment for the examination of dental diseases between June and December 2004, 168 post-menopausal women were diagnosed as having low skeletal BMD based on cortical erosion findings. Of these women, 39 women aged 50-84 years (mean age (SD, standard deviation), 64.8 (7.4) years) with no previous diagnosis of osteoporosis participated in this study. BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Spine fractures were assessed on lateral radiographs obtained at the time of the DXA assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two women (5.1%) had normal BMD (BMD T-score>-1.0), 21 women (53.9%) had osteopenia (BMD T-score of -2.5 to -1.0) and 16 women (41.0%) had osteoporosis (BMD T-score<-2.5). Eight women (20.5%) had fractures at the thoracic spine, lumbar spine, or both.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that a high percentage of post-menopausal women with undetected low skeletal BMD as well as spinal fractures may be identified based on trained GDPs' analyses of their panoramic radiographs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan. akiro@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohtsuka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Motoyama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suei
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanimoto
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002983:Clinical Competence; D005260:Female; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005792:General Practice, Dental; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008336:Mandibular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D012306:Risk; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging