title: A new form of childhood onset, autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia and epilepsy is localized at 16q21-q23.
abstract: Childhood ataxias are a complex set of inherited disorders. Ataxias associated with generalized tonic-clonic epilepsy are usually included with the progressive myoclonus epilepsies (PME). Five disease entities, Unverricht-Lundborg disease, Lafora's disease, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses, myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibres and sialidoses, account for the majority of PME cases. Two rare forms of ataxia plus epilepsy, sensory ataxic neuropathy, dysarthria and ophthalmoparesis, and infantile onset spinocerebellar ataxia were described recently and found to be caused by defective mitochondrial proteins. We report here a large consanguineous family from Saudi Arabia with four affected children presenting with generalized tonic-clonic epilepsy, ataxia and mental retardation, but neither myoclonus nor mental deterioration. MRI and muscle biopsy of one patient revealed, respectively, posterior white matter hyperintensities and vacuolization of the sarcotubular system. We localized the defective gene by homozygosity mapping to a 19 Mb interval in 16q21-q23 between markers D16S3091 and D16S3050. Linkage studies in this region will allow testing for homogeneity of this novel ataxia-epilepsy entity.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Department of Molecular Pathology, CNRS/INSERM/Université Louis Pasteur, 67404 Illkirch cedex, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gribaa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salih
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anheim
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lagier-Tourenne
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: H'mida
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Drouot
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elmalik
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kabiraj
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Rayess
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Almubarak
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bétard
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goebel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koenig
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001706:Biopsy; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002885:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16 / Q000235:genetics*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004830:Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D010375:Pedigree; D052097:Quadriceps Muscle / Q000648:ultrastructure; D020754:Spinocerebellar Ataxias / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000648:ultrastructure