title: Pneumocystis pneumonia in HIV-positive adults, Malawi.
abstract: In a prospective study of 660 HIV-positive Malawian adults, we diagnosed Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PcP) using clinical features, induced sputum for immunofluorescent staining, real-time PCR, and posttreatment follow-up. PcP incidence was highest in patients with the lowest CD4 counts, but PcP is uncommon compared with incidences of pulmonary tuberculosis and bacterial pneumonia.
authors.affiliation: University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi.
authors.forename: Joep J G
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: van Oosterhout
authors.forename: Miriam K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Laufer
authors.forename: M Arantza
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Nelson
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chimbiya
authors.forename: Phillip C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Thesing
authors.forename: Miriam J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Martinez
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Maganizo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chagomerana
authors.forename: Eduard E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Zijlstra
authors.forename: Terrie E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Christopher V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Plowe
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Meshnick
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008295:Malawi / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*