title: The effect of urban air pollution on inflammation, oxidative stress, coagulation, and autonomic dysfunction in young adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The biological mechanisms linking air pollution to cardiovascular events still remain largely unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether biological mechanisms linking air pollution to cardiovascular events occurred concurrently in human subjects exposed to urban air pollutants.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited a panel of 76 young, healthy students from a university in Taipei. Between April and June of 2004 or 2005, three measurements were made in each participant of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), plasminogen activator fibrinogen inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) in plasma, and heart rate variability (HRV). Gaseous air pollutants were measured at one air-monitoring station inside their campus, and particulate air pollutants were measured at one particulate matter supersite monitoring station 1 km from their campus. We used linear mixed-effects models to associate biological endpoints with individual air pollutants averaged over 1- to 3-day periods before measurements were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that increases in hs-CRP, 8-OHdG, fibrinogen, and PAI-1, and decreases in HRV indices were associated with increases in levels of particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 10 microm and 2.5 microm, sulfate, nitrate, and ozone (O(3)) in single-pollutant models. The increase in 8-OHdG, fibrinogen, and PAI-1, and the reduction in HRV remained significantly associated with 3-day averaged sulfate and O(3) levels in two-pollutant models. There were moderate correlations (r = -0.3) between blood markers of hs-CRP, fibrinogen, PAI-1, and HRV indices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urban air pollution is associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, blood coagulation and autonomic dysfunction simultaneously in healthy young humans, with sulfate and O(3) as two major traffic-related pollutants contributing to such effects.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kai-Jen
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Chang-Chuan
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Ta-Chen
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Chung-Te
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chin-Sheng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000502:physiology*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D010316:Particle Size; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood; D013624:Taiwan; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000097:blood; D014504:Urban Health; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D015415:Biomarkers; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D003849:Deoxyguanosine