title: Driving under the influence in Greece: a 7-year survey (1998-2004).
abstract: Alcohol is one of the main causes of traffic accidents worldwide. Its use decreases significantly the driving ability of an individual increasing in this way the possibilities of their involvement in motor-vehicle accidents. The above possibilities are increased when a psychoactive substance has been taken in combination with alcohol due to their synergistic effect. The Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology of the University of Athens is authorized to perform the toxicological investigation of traffic accidents that happen in the southern part of Greece. The objective of the present study was to identify the prevalence of alcohol and other psychoactive substances among drivers involved in road traffic accidents in Greece during the period 1998-2004. Alcohol was detected in the blood of about 37% of the drivers involved in traffic accident during the years 1998-2000. The detection of alcohol was lower (29%) in the years 2001-2004. Cannabis, benzodiazepines, opiates, and cocaine were found in 4%, 4%, 4% and 1% of the total number of cases, respectively. The above values were compared with those of a previous study concerning the period 1995-1997 and the reasons for the reduction of the number of alcohol-related traffic accidents during the last years are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, M. Asias 75, Goudi, Athens 115 27, Greece. stpapd@med.uoa.gr
authors.forename: Stavroula A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Papadodima
authors.forename: Sotiris A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Athanaselis
authors.forename: Mania E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Stefanidou
authors.forename: Artemis A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Dona
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Papoutsis
authors.forename: Costantine P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Maravelias
authors.forename: Chara A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Spiliopoulou
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000652:urine; D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000652:urine; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000097:blood; D003042:Cocaine / Q000652:urine; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000652:urine; D000431:Ethanol / Q000097:blood; D053593:Forensic Toxicology; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006115:Greece / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D009294:Narcotics / Q000652:urine; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D002186:Cannabinoids; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D009294:Narcotics; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D000431:Ethanol; D003042:Cocaine