title: Solubilization of blood meal to be used as a liquid fertilizer.
abstract: The solubilization of blood meal by means of the microwave-hydrogen peroxide enhanced advanced-oxidation process (MW/H(2)O(2)-AOP) was studied. It was found that over the treatment temperature range of 60 to 120 degrees C, solids particle reduction, ammonia and orthophosphate production could be achieved by this process. Large protein molecules were broken down into intermediate compounds with low molecule weights, ammonia and nitrate. Intermediate compounds, such as peptides and amino acids, can also be easily converted to nitrogenous nutrients for plant growth by bacteria. Soluble nitrogen content increased with an increase in microwave heating temperature when acid was added; significant amounts of ammonia were obtained at higher temperatures. Nitrate decreased in concentration with an increase of treatment temperature. Orthophosphate concentrations increased after the advanced-oxidation process (AOP) treatments, with and without acid addition; but were more pronounced with acid addition. Maximum solubility of chemical oxygen demand (COD) occurred at 80 degrees C. Without the addition of acid, soluble COD decreased due to protein denaturation and coagulation out of the solution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada.
authors.forename: Winnie I
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Kwang V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Ping H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Liao
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D005308:Fertilizers / Q000032:analysis; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D008872:Microwaves; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009566:Nitrates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010316:Particle Size; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D011489:Protein Denaturation; D012995:Solubility; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D005308:Fertilizers; D009566:Nitrates; D010710:Phosphates; D000641:Ammonia; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D009584:Nitrogen