title: Impediment of diethylnitrosamine induced hepatotoxicity in male Balb/c mice by pretreatment with aqueous Azadirachta indica leaf extract.
abstract: Considering the hepatoprotective properties of Azadirachta indica, the present study was designed to evaluate its preventive effects against diethylnitrosamine (NDEA) induced hepatotoxicity in male Balb/c mice. Exposure of NDEA caused a significant increase in micronucleated cell score, lipid peroxidation levels (LPO) and activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). A significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) contents and activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) was also observed upon NDEA treatment, whereas their activities of cytochrome P450 and cytochrome b5 showed non-significant alterations. Aqueous A. indica leaf extract (AAILE) pretreatment showed protective effects against NDEA induced toxicity by decreasing the frequency of micronucleated cell, levels of LPO and LDH activity. Also, a decreased activity of GST, cytochrome P450 and an increased activity of cytochrome b5, GSH contents was observed when AAILE pretreated mice were injected with NDEA. Only AAILE treatment caused a noticeable decrease in the frequency of micronuclei, activity of cytochrome P450 and cytochrome b5, but a significant increase in the activity of GST and GSH contents, whereas, non significant alterations were observed in the activity of LDH and levels of LPO. Significance of these observations with respect to hepatoprotective efficacy of A. indica has been discussed in the present manuscript.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Block, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India. ashwanik@pu.ac.in
authors.forename: Ashwani
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koul
authors.forename: Gursonika
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Binepal
authors.forename: Subhash Chander
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Gangar
mesh_terms: D000477:Alkylating Agents / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D031601:Azadirachta / Q000737:chemistry*; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D015786:Cytochromes b5 / Q000378:metabolism; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000477:Alkylating Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine; D015786:Cytochromes b5; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D005978:Glutathione