title: Safe apples for baby-food production: survey of pesticide treatment regimes leaving minimum residues.
abstract: A total of 19 pesticide preparations were used according to agricultural practice in six trials in apple orchards. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), premature Golden Delicious apples collected 64, 50, 36 days before harvest and mature fruit were examined for residues of active ingredients. No residues of triflumuron, triazamate, chlorpyrifos, etofenprox, fenoxycarb, kresoxim-methyl, cyprodinyl, difenoconazole or thiram were detected in the first sampling. Also, the levels of chlorpyrifos-methyl, penconazole, tebuconazole and tolylfluanid dropped during the pre-harvest interval. Detectable residues of pyridaben, thiacloprid, trifloxystrobin and tetraconazole in harvested fruits were below 0.01 mg kg(-1), which is the maximum concentration of residues acceptable by baby-food producers in any raw material. The only residues exceeding this concentration were captan and teflubenzuron. Based on the data, farmers can choose pesticides for optimal treatment of plants, while enabling growth of a safe crop suitable for baby-food production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 3, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ticha
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hajslova
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kovalczuk
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jech
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Honzicek
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kocourek
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lansky
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kloutvorova
authors.forename: Vladan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Falta
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food / Q000592:standards*; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000592:standards; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D010573:Pesticide Residues; D010575:Pesticides