title: Use of additional treatment for prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, androgen deprivation, or watchful waiting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine how the use of additional treatment for prostate cancer differs as a function of the initial therapy (radical prostatectomy [RP], radiation therapy [RT], androgen deprivation therapy [ADT], or watchful waiting [WW]) for men with non-metastatic prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A dataset was created that combined information from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program and Medicare claims for hospital and physician services. To identify patients receiving additional cancer treatment, we searched the claims for the presence of RP, RT (palliative radiation not included), or ADT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study population consisted of 12 711 patients: as initial treatment, 3940 (31.0%) had RP, 3950 (31.1%) RT, 1209 (9.5%) ADT, and 3612 (28.4%) WW. The RP group had a less favorable distribution of tumor differentiation than the RT group. Only 54.6% of men who had initial RP had localized cancer. In men who had initial RP, 8.1% had RT and 12.4% ADT during the follow-up period, which was 6-66 months after the initial therapy ended. Among patients who had initial RT or WW, 22.8% and 22.1%, respectively had ADT during the follow-up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Older American men with prostate cancer who are initially treated with RT or simply observed (WW) are more likely than men who undergo RP to receive ADT as a follow-up treatment.
authors.affiliation: Urological Department, Akershus University Hospital, Nordbyhagen, Norway. viktor.berge@akersykehus.no
authors.forename: Viktor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Berge
authors.forename: Trevor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Blackman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018426:SEER Program / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists