title: Depression and cost-related medication nonadherence in Medicare beneficiaries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Treatment for depression can be expensive and depression can affect the use of other medical services, yet there is little information on how depression affects the prevalence of cost-related medication nonadherence (CRN) in elderly patients and patients with disabilities.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To quantify the presence of CRN in depressed and nondepressed elderly Medicare beneficiaries and nonelderly Medicare beneficiaries with disabilities prior to the implementation of the Medicare Drug Benefit.
  
  
  METHODS
  2004 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Depressed and nondepressed elderly Medicare beneficiaries and beneficiaries with disabilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cost-related medication nonadherence included taking smaller doses or skipping doses of a prescription to make it last longer, or failing to fill a prescription because of cost, controlling for health insurance status, comorbid conditions, age, race, sex, and functional status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a nationally representative sample of 13 835 noninstitutionalized elderly Medicare enrollees and Medicare enrollees with disabilities, 44% of beneficiaries with disabilities and 13% of elderly beneficiaries reported being depressed during the previous year. Among enrollees with disabilities reporting depressive symptoms, 38% experienced CRN compared with 22% of enrollees with disabilities who did not report depressive symptoms. Among elderly enrollees who reported depressive symptoms, 19% experienced CRN, compared with 12% of elderly enrollees who did not report such symptoms. In adjusted analyses, depressive symptoms remained a significant predictor of CRN in both groups (persons with disabilities: odds ratio, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-2.3; elderly persons: odds ratio, 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-1.7).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depressive symptoms were associated with CRN in elderly Medicare enrollees and Medicare enrollees with disabilities. Providers should elicit information on economic barriers that might interfere with treatment of Medicare beneficiaries with depression.
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, MA, USA. karabamb@umich.edu
authors.forename: Kara Zivin
authors.initials: KZ
authors.lastname: Bambauer
authors.forename: Dana Gelb
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Safran
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ross-Degnan
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Alyce S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gurwitz
authors.forename: Marsha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pierre-Jacques
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Soumerai
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016527:Drug Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D007356:Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008489:Medical Indigency / Q000523:psychology*; D006278:Medicare / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D016312:Treatment Refusal / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents