title: Advanced glycation endproducts: a biomarker for age as an outcome predictor after cardiac surgery?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A decline in the function of all organs can be detected during ageing. Although the trend appears to be stable, deviation within the elderly population is much greater in comparison to young controls. The aim of the study was to identify a marker of senescence which correlates to heart function. Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) accumulate with age and are associated with degenerative diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Carboxymethyllysine (CML) concentrations in the pericardial fluid (as a measure of AGEs) were analysed with ELISA technique in 75 patients undergoing cardiac surgery and correlated with clinical parameters and outcome of these patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CML content of pericardial fluid increases significantly with age. AGEs show an inverse correlation to left ventricular ejection fraction. High CML levels correlate with poor outcome of patients as shown by adverse cardiac events, prolonged ventilation time and prolonged stay within the Intensive Care Unit. Within all parameters, AGE concentration of the pericardial fluid fits better with the outcome of the patients in comparison to age alone. Interestingly, medical treatment with nitrates correlates with increased CML content.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AGEs, in addition to being a marker of senescence, appear to represent a prognostic factor in cardiac surgery, which can be used as a predictor of patient outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic-Surgery, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube Str 40, Halle, Germany. andreas.simm@medizin.uni-halle.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simm
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gursinsky
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nass
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Friedrich
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schinzel
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Czeslik
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Silber
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Scheubel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000032:analysis*; D006321:Heart / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D010490:Pericardial Effusion / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; C048496:N(6)-carboxymethyllysine; D008239:Lysine