Severe anaphylactic reaction after repeated intermittent exposure to lepirudin.
Lepirudin, a recombinant DNA derivative of hirudin, is used to prevent thromboembolic complications caused by heparin-induced thrombocytopenia type II. Anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions have been reported with its use in patients both with and without known previous exposure to lepirudin. We describe the case of a 57-year-old woman who received five uneventful courses of lepirudin therapy before having a severe anaphylactic reaction during administration of the intravenous bolus dose that began her sixth course. The patient experienced cardiorespiratory arrest but recovered from the reaction. The decision to administer lepirudin to a patient who has previously received it should be reached with due consideration of the risk:benefit ratio and strategies to manage risk resulting from readministration. Risk factors for an anaphylactic reaction to lepirudin may include use of an initial bolus dose, intravenous rather than subcutaneous administration, length of any single course of therapy beyond 3 days, and repeat administration of lepirudin within 100 days.
Veach
Sidney A
SA
Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA.
Franks
Amy M
AM
Allan
Michael C
MC
D000707:Anaphylaxis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D000906:Antibodies; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000139:chemically induced; D006629:Hirudins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008875:Middle Aged; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000150:complications; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000139:chemically induced; D012307:Risk Factors; D012308:Risk Management
D000906:Antibodies; D000925:Anticoagulants; D006629:Hirudins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C083544:lepirudin