title: Application of artificial neural network for classification of thyroid follicular tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze smears of 197 thyroid follicular tumors (adenoma and carcinoma).
  
  
  METHODS
  Several types of artificial neural networks (ANN) of various designs were used for diagnosis of thyroid follicular tumors. The typical complex of cytologic features, some nuclear morphometric parameters (area, perimeter, shape factor) and density features of chromatin texture (mean value and SD of gray levels) were defined for each tumor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ANN was trained by means of cytologic features characteristic for a thyroid follicular adenoma and a follicular carcinoma. At subsequent testing, the correct cytologic diagnosis was established in 93% (25 of 27) of cases. The morphometry increased the accuracy of diagnosis for follicular tumors in up to 97% (75 of 78) of cases. ANN correctly distinguished an adenoma or a carcinoma in 87% (73 of 84) of cases when using color microscopic images of tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The usage of ANN has raised sensitivity of cytologic diagnosis of follicular tumors to 90%, compared with a usual cytologic method (sensitivity of 56%). The automatic classification of thyroid follicular tumors by means of ANN is prospective.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Cytology, Central Clinical Hospital of Russian Railroad Ministry, Moscow, Russian Federation. shapracc@mtu-net.ru
authors.forename: Naum A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: Tatiana L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Poloz
authors.forename: Viycheslav A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Shkurupij
authors.forename: Mikhail S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Tarkov
authors.forename: Vadim V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Poloz
authors.forename: Alexander V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Demin
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D019044:Image Cytometry; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*