Living with noisy genes: how cells function reliably with inherent variability in gene expression.
Within a population of genetically identical cells there can be significant variation, or noise, in gene expression. Yet even with this inherent variability, cells function reliably. This review focuses on our understanding of noise at the level of both single genes and genetic regulatory networks, emphasizing comparisons between theoretical models and experimental results whenever possible. To highlight the importance of noise, we particularly emphasize examples in which a stochastic description of gene expression leads to a qualitatively different outcome than a deterministic one.
Maheshri
Narendra
N
Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. narendra@mit.edu
O'Shea
Erin K
EK
D000818:Animals; D001703:Biophysics / Q000379:methods; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008954:Models, Biological; D008957:Models, Genetic; D015233:Models, Statistical; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009991:Oscillometry; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D013269:Stochastic Processes; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D011506:Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins