title: Does social support from family and friends work as a buffer against reactions to stressful life events such as terminal cancer?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between social support and emotional functioning and stress reactions. Our hypothesis is that patients who reported a high degree of social support will experience better emotional functioning and less serious stress reactions than patients with a low degree of social support.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample was comprised of 434 patients at the Palliative Medicine Unit (PMU), University Hospital of Trondheim in Norway. The patients completed a questionnaire monthly including questions about social support from the MacAdam's Scale, subjective stress measured by the Impact of Event Scale (IES), and emotional functioning measured by the subscale in the EORTC QLQ-30.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although our hypothesis was not supported at the baseline assessment, it was supported at the second assessment, 2 months later. Patients with high social support reported better emotional functioning and less serious stress reactions, in terms of lower scores on the IES avoidance subscale, than patients with a low degree of social support. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESULTS: The mixed findings may indicate that social support has only small effects on emotional functioning and stress reactions. Our results on the second assessment indicate, however, that social support might work as a buffer against reactions toward external stressful events such as terminal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. gerd.inger.ringdal@svt.ntnu.no
authors.forename: Gerd Inger
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Ringdal
authors.forename: Kristen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ringdal
authors.forename: Marit S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Jordhøy
authors.forename: Stein
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaasa
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001293:Attitude to Death; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006757:Hospital Units; D006801:Humans; D017567:Karnofsky Performance Status; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*; D009664:Norway; D010166:Palliative Care; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D019452:Terminally Ill / Q000523:psychology*