title: Fatigue in multiple sclerosis: association with disease-related, behavioural and psychosocial factors.
abstract: We determined biopsychosocial correlates of general, physical, and mental fatigue in MS patients, by evaluating the additional contribution of potentially modifiable factors after accounting for non-modifiable disease-related factors. Fifty-three ambulatory MS patients, along with 28 normal controls were recruited for a cross-sectional study. Subjects completed the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) and Fatigue Severity Scale. Potential correlates evaluated were: disease-related factors (disease duration and type, immunomodulating treatment, muscle strength, pain, forced vital capacity (FVC), respiratory muscle strength, body mass index, disability, fibromyalgia), behavioural factors (physical activity, sleep quality) and psychosocial factors (depression, stress, self-efficacy). Multivariate models were calculated for MFI General, Physical, and Mental Fatigue. Age-adjusted multivariate models with non-modifiable factors included the following predictors (P < or = 0.10) of 1) MFI General and Mental Fatigue: none; and 2) MFI Physical Fatigue: FVC and disability. The following potentially modifiable predictors (P < or = 0.10) made an additional contribution to the models 1) MFI General Fatigue: sleep quality, self-efficacy, pain; 2) MFI Physical Fatigue: self-efficacy, physical activity; and 3) MFI Mental Fatigue: stress, self-efficacy. Fatigue in MS is multidimensional. Correlates of general and physical fatigue are disease-related, behavioural and psychosocial factors. Correlates of mental fatigue are psychosocial factors. Potentially modifiable factors account for a considerable portion of fatigue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. daria.trojan@mcgill.ca
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Trojan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: J-P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Collet
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bar-Or
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: J-P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Le Cruguel
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ducruet
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Narayanan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arcelin
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Tartaglia
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lapierre
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Caramanos
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Da Costa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005221:Fatigue / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D020528:Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D012016:Reference Values; D020377:Self Efficacy