title: [Subtherapeutic blood levels of phenytoin due to a medication error].
abstract: We report a female patient who was admitted to the emergency ward with suspected cerebral ischemia and in whom transvenous clot lysis was performed. Following lysis the patient developed recurrent complex partial seizures and treatment with intravenous phenytoin was started. Initial phenytoin serum levels were within the therapeutic range. During the course of the in-hospital treatment a sudden fall of phenytoin serum levels was detected and could not be explained by pharmacokinetic changes. Only when the drug application process was further analysed the reason for the fall in serum levels became obvious. Phenytoin sodium injections had not been administered directly into the veins but had been diluted in 0.9% saline infusions. As a result phenytoin sodium injections precipitated and were retained by the particle filter, thus leading to subtherapeutic phenytoin serum levels.
authors.affiliation: Innere Medizin B, Universitätsspital Basel. burrie@uhbs.ch
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Burri
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rüegg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rutishauser
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Egger
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lampert
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004347:Drug Interactions; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008508:Medication Errors; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012640:Seizures / Q000188:drug therapy; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012996:Solutions; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D012996:Solutions; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D010672:Phenytoin