title: Are there sex-related differences in specialized, multidisciplinary congestive heart failure clinics?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Specialized, multidisciplinary clinics improve service provision and reduce morbidity for patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Although sex-related differences in access to cardiac health services have been reported, it remains unclear whether there are sex-related differences in the use of these specialized services.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate possible sex-related differences in severity at entry into specialized, multidisciplinary clinics, and compare prescription patterns between male and female patients at these clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from the electronic clinical files of 765 CHF patients newly admitted to any of three main CHF clinics in Montreal, Quebec. Univariate and multivariate models were used to compare differences between sexes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 27.1% of patients were female. The mean age (+/- SD) of the women in the present study was similar to that of the men (64+/-16 years versus 65+/-13 years, respectively). Left ventricular ejection fraction at entry for patients with reduced systolic function was comparable between sexes. The New York Heart Association functional class at entry was similar among men and women with systolic dysfunction. However, among patients with preserved systolic function, women were more symptomatic, with a higher functional class at entry (adjusted OR 2.52, 95% CI 1.18 to 5.38). Prescription profiles were similar for men and women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Entry into a clinic may be delayed for women with preserved systolic function CHF. However, clinic referral patterns and disease management appeared to be similar among both men and women with systolic dysfunction CHF.
authors.affiliation: Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Houde
authors.forename: Debbie Ehrmann
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pilote
authors.forename: Eduard J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Giannetti
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frenette
authors.forename: Anique
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ducharme
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002309:Cardiology; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010348:Patient Care Team; D011792:Quebec / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000503:physiopathology