title: Chemical contamination of a coral reef by the grounding of a cruise ship in Bermuda.
abstract: Bulk metal analyses of surficial sediments collected around the Norwegian Crown cruise ship grounding site in Bermuda indicated significant but localized contamination of reef sediments by copper and zinc, caused by the stripping of the tri-butyltin (TBT)-free antifouling (AF) paint (Intersmooth 460) from the underside of the hull. Highest copper and zinc values were found in heavily compacted and red-pigmented sediments inside the impact scar and were comparable to levels found close to slip ways of local boat yards where AF paints from hull stripping and cleaning processes are washed into the sea. The re-distribution of AF contaminated sediments by storms and deposition on nearby reefs constitutes a significant ecological risk that could delay recovery processes and reduce the effectiveness of remediation efforts. Whilst the ecotoxicological effects of AF paint particles interspersed with sediment is unknown, and in need of further study, it is argued that the significance of AF paint contamination of grounding sites has been overlooked.
authors.affiliation: Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS), 17 Biological Lane, Ferry Reach, St. George's GE01, Bermuda. rjones@bios.edu
authors.forename: Ross J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D037421:Anthozoa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D001605:Bermuda; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D017753:Ecosystem; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry; D010150:Paint; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012767:Ships; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D003300:Copper; D015032:Zinc