title: Optical principles, biomechanics, and initial clinical performance of a dual-optic accommodating intraocular lens (an American Ophthalmological Society thesis).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To design and develop an accommodating intraocular lens (IOL) for endocapsular fixation with extended accommodative range that can be adapted to current standard extracapsular phacoemulsification technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ray tracing analysis and lens design; finite element modeling of biomechanical properties; cadaver eye implantation; initial clinical evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ray tracing analysis indicated that a dual-optic design with a high plus-power front optic coupled to an optically compensatory minus posterior optic produced greater change in conjugation power of the eye compared to that produced by axial movement of a single-optic IOL, and that magnification effects were unlikely to account for improved near vision. Finite element modeling indicated that the two optics can be linked by spring-loaded haptics that allow anterior and posterior axial displacement of the front optic in response to changes in ciliary body tone and capsular tension. A dual-optic single-piece foldable silicone lens was constructed based on these principles. Subsequent initial clinical evaluation in 24 human eyes after phacoemulsification for cataract indicated mean 3.22 diopters of accommodation (range, 1 to 5 D) based on defocus curve measurement. Accommodative amplitude evaluation at 1- and 6-month follow-up in all eyes indicated that the accommodative range was maintained and that the lens was well tolerated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A dual-optic design increases the accommodative effect of axial optic displacement, with minimal magnification effect. Initial clinical trials suggest that IOLs designed on this principle might provide true pseudophakic accommodation following cataract extraction and lens implantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: McLeod
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular; D008297:Male; D033401:Microscopy, Acoustic; D008875:Middle Aged; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D018918:Phacoemulsification; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012826:Silicone Elastomers; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D012826:Silicone Elastomers