The burden of influenza in children.
OBJECTIVE
This review summarizes recent studies that better address the burden of influenza from the medical and socioeconomic perspectives. The issue of influenza in children is one that has implications for future universal vaccination policies.


RESULTS
In the past, the burden of influenza in children was largely defined by hospital-based studies that quantify the incidence of influenza hospitalization and, consequently, the benefit of prevention in young children. The medical and the socioeconomic impact have been better appreciated recently with population-based studies because the great majority of children are managed as outpatients. Children with influenza may not have direct contact with medical services but still generate substantial costs in carer illness or work-day loss. Furthermore, the specificity offered by laboratory confirmation of influenza has enabled influenza to be separated from other respiratory viruses that may have confounded previous studies looking at the medical and economic costs of illness.


CONCLUSIONS
Better understanding of the burden of influenza in healthy children regarding hospitalization rates, outpatient medical visits, community-managed illness and socioeconomic impact on families and society exists; this has potential implications for universal vaccination policies under consideration.
Iskander
Mary
M
National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Children Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia. maryi@chw.edu.au
Booy
Robert
R
Lambert
Stephen
S
D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002673:Child, Hospitalized / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017281:Cost of Illness; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000150:complications / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018582:Sick Leave; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors