title: Endoplasmic reticulum stress.
abstract: Stress is the imbalance of homeostasis, which can be sensed even at the subcellular level. The stress-sensing capability of various organelles including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has been described. It has become evident that acute or prolonged ER stress plays an important role in many human diseases; especially those involving organs/tissues specialized in protein secretion. This article summarizes the emerging role of ER stress in diverse human pathophysiological conditions such as carcinogenesis and tumor progression, cerebral ischemia, plasma cell maturation and apoptosis, obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Certain components of the ER stress response machinery are identified as biomarkers of the diseases or as possible targets for therapeutic intervention.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Puskin utca 9, 1088, Budapest, Hungary. banhegyi@puskin.sote.hu
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bánhegyi
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Baumeister
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benedetti
authors.forename: Dezheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Amy S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jianze
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Changhui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Margittai
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Wulf
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Paschen
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Piccirella
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Senesi
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sitia
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000502:physiology*; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D018869:Heat-Shock Response / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D018832:Molecular Chaperones