title: The critical role of myosin IIA in platelet internal contraction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Shape change and centralization of granules surrounded by a microtubular coil (internal contraction) are among the earliest morphologic changes observed following platelet activation. Myosin IIA contributes to initiation of platelet shape change, but its role in internal contraction has not been defined.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To define the contribution of myosin IIA to platelet internal contraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aspirin-treated platelets suspended in calcium-free buffer were activated with a low concentration (25 nm) of the thromboxane A(2) analog U46619 which initiated shape change and internal contraction via a Rho kinase pathway. Shape change and internal contraction were assessed by aggregometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Rho activation and myosin regulatory light chain (MRLC) phosphorylation were studied concurrently.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-concentration blebbistatin (10 microm) inhibited internal contraction in the majority of platelets with minimal inhibition of shape change without significant suppression of MRLC phosphorylation. Higher blebbistatin concentrations (25-100 microm) produced concentration-dependent inhibition of aggregation, shape change, Rho activation, and MRLC phosphorylation. These data demonstrate: (i) direct platelet myosin IIA participation in internal contraction; and (ii) inhibition of Rho activation and MRLC phosphorylation by >10 microm blebbistatin.
authors.affiliation: Hematology/Oncology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA. mailto:johns337@umn.edu
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Leis
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Krumwiede
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D019796:15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000199:Actins / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000577:Amides / Q000494:pharmacology; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006576:Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D018994:Myosin Light Chains / Q000097:blood; D024507:Nonmuscle Myosin Type IIA / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D000577:Amides; D006576:Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D018994:Myosin Light Chains; D011725:Pyridines; C108830:Y 27632; C472645:blebbistatin; D019796:15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases; D024507:Nonmuscle Myosin Type IIA