title: Effect of pre-etching enamel on fatigue of self-etch adhesive bonds.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A previous study found that the shear bond strength (SBS) to bovine enamel for the self-etching adhesive Adper Prompt-L-Pop (PLP) was 75% of that found with the etch-and-rinse material SingleBond, while the comparative value for the shear fatigue limit (SFL) was only 58% at 10(5) load cycles. Resin penetration into the enamel surface was substantially less for PLP but it was not conclusive that this was the reason for the lower results cited above. The objective of this study was to determine if pre-etching enamel would substantially improve the SBS and SFL of the PLP adhesive over those found in the previous study.
  
  
  METHODS
  All test methods were the same as for the previous study. SBS measurements were conducted for composite bonds to bovine enamel using a phosphoric acid pre-etch with the PLP adhesive (PLP-10) and for a conventional enamel-bonding adhesive (EB). Fatigue testing was done with the same test fixtures, load cycling at 2Hz up to a maximum of 10(5) cycles at four selected peak load values between 35 and 60% of the respective bond strengths. Fatigue limits were determined from the data obtained. SEM analysis of resin penetration of the enamel surface was carried out for each adhesive.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significantly greater SBS and SFL were found for EB (SBS: 30.4MPa; SFL: 15.6MPa) than for PLP-10 (SBS: 20.2MPa; SFL: 9.9MPa). Compared with previously found results, the pre-etching of enamel had no significant improvement in SBS and only slight improvement in SFL. Resin tag penetration of the enamel surface for PLP-10 was similar to that previously found for PLP alone, suggesting that the porosity created by phosphoric acid was effectively removed by the acidic PLP adhesive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unlike some self-etching adhesives reported in the literature, pre-etching enamel did not improve the performance of the Prompt-L-Pop adhesive.
authors.affiliation: Creighton University School of Dentistry, Omaha, NE, USA. rl-erickson@comcast.net
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Erickson
authors.forename: Anton J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: De Gee
authors.forename: Albert J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Feilzer
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003743:Dental Enamel; D003745:Dental Enamel Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D016015:Logistic Models; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D019279:Resin Cements; D033081:Shear Strength; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D010756:Phosphoric Acids; C408584:Prompt L-Pop; D019279:Resin Cements; C030242:phosphoric acid