title: Country as the primary risk factor for renal amyloidosis in familial Mediterranean fever.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), the prototype of autoinflammatory disorders, is caused by recessive mutations in the MEFV gene. Some FMF patients develop renal amyloidosis, a potentially fatal condition. This complication has mainly been associated with the M694V mutation, although the different study designs, small numbers of patients, and/or evaluation of few or no covariables calls this association into question. The aim of this study was to examine the controversial issue of amyloidosis susceptibility in FMF by determining the relative contributions of MEFV and numerous epidemiologic factors to the risk of renal amyloidosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Online questionnaires were completed at the MetaFMF database by patients at 35 centers in 14 countries. Using a standardized mode of data collection, we retrieved crude initial data from over half of the genetically confirmed FMF patients referred worldwide until May 2003 (2,482 cases, including 260 patients who developed renal amyloidosis).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Amyloid nephropathy was present in 11.4% of the cases. In the total study population, country of recruitment was the leading risk factor for this manifestation (odds ratio 3.2 [95% confidence interval 1.8-5.9]), followed by M694V homozygosity, proband status, and disease duration. Differing results were found when countries were stratified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Country of recruitment, rather than MEFV genotype, is the key risk factor for renal amyloidosis in FMF. This risk, which parallels infant mortality rates, indicates a possible environmental origin of amyloidosis susceptibility. The patient's country should be considered in addition to MEFV genotype as an indication for prophylactic colchicine, a treatment suggested for asymptomatic individuals who are incidentally discovered to be M694V homozygous.
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France. isabelle.touitou@igh.cnrs.fr
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Touitou
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sarkisian
authors.forename: Myrna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Medlej-Hashim
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tunca
authors.forename: Avi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Livneh
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cattan
authors.forename: Fatos
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yalçinkaya
authors.forename: Seza
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozen
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Majeed
authors.forename: Huri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozdogan
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kastner
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Booth
authors.forename: Eldad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ben-Chetrit
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pugnère
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Michelon
authors.forename: Fabienne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Séguret
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gershoni-Baruch
mesh_terms: D028226:Amyloidosis, Familial / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D003078:Colchicine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004198:Disease Susceptibility / Q000208:ethnology; D010505:Familial Mediterranean Fever / Q000150:complications* / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008877:Middle East / Q000208:ethnology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D016017:Odds Ratio; D000071198:Pyrin; D012307:Risk Factors; D050257:Tubulin Modulators / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; C000604192:MEFV protein, human; D000071198:Pyrin; D050257:Tubulin Modulators; D003078:Colchicine