title: An adamantyl-substituted retinoid-derived molecule that inhibits cancer cell growth and angiogenesis by inducing apoptosis and binds to small heterodimer partner nuclear receptor: effects of modifying its carboxylate group on apoptosis, proliferation, and protein-tyrosine phosphatase activity.
abstract: Apoptotic and antiproliferative activities of small heterodimer partner (SHP) nuclear receptor ligand (E)-4-[3'-(1-adamantyl)-4'-hydroxyphenyl]-3-chlorocinnamic acid (3-Cl-AHPC), which was derived from 6-[3'-(1-adamantyl)-4'-hydroxyphenyl]-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid (AHPN), and several carboxyl isosteric or hydrogen bond-accepting analogues were examined. 3-Cl-AHPC continued to be the most effective apoptotic agent, whereas tetrazole, thiazolidine-2,4-dione, methyldinitrile, hydroxamic acid, boronic acid, 2-oxoaldehyde, and ethyl phosphonic acid hydrogen bond-acceptor analogues were inactive or less efficient inducers of KG-1 acute myeloid leukemia and MDA-MB-231 breast, H292 lung, and DU-145 prostate cancer cell apoptosis. Similarly, 3-Cl-AHPC was the most potent inhibitor of cell proliferation. 4-[3'-(1-adamantyl)-4'-hydroxyphenyl]-3-chlorophenyltetrazole, (2E)-5-{2-[3'-(1-adamantyl)-2-chloro-4'-hydroxy-4-biphenyl]ethenyl}-1H-tetrazole, 5-{4-[3'-(1-adamantyl)-4'-hydroxyphenyl]-3-chlorobenzylidene}thiazolidine-2,4-dione, and (3E)-4-[3'-(1-adamantyl)-2-chloro-4'-hydroxy-4-biphenyl]-2-oxobut-3-enal were very modest inhibitors of KG-1 proliferation. The other analogues were minimal inhibitors. Fragment-based QSAR analyses relating the polar termini with cancer cell growth inhibition revealed that length and van der Waals electrostatic surface potential were the most influential features on activity. 3-Cl-AHPC and the 3-chlorophenyltetrazole and 3-chlorobenzylidenethiazolidine-2,4-dione analogues were also able to inhibit SHP-2 protein-tyrosine phosphatase, which is elevated in some leukemias. 3-Cl-AHPC at 1.0 microM induced human microvascular endothelial cell apoptosis but did not inhibit cell migration or tube formation.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Center, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. mdawson@burnham.org
authors.forename: Marcia I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: Zebin
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authors.lastname: Xia
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authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Mao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fontana
authors.forename: Lulu
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authors.lastname: Farhana
authors.forename: Bhamik B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Sankari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arumugarajah
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bhuiyan
authors.forename: Xiao-Kun
authors.initials: XK
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Young-Hoon
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Stallcup
authors.forename: Jun-ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fukushi
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mustelin
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tautz
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Danni L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Nahid
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Waleh
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Hobbs
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jong
authors.forename: Wan-Ru
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Leonard J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Schiff
authors.forename: Brahma P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Sani
mesh_terms: D000218:Adamantane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000166:cytology; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D021281:Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; D011869:Radioligand Assay; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012176:Retinoids / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: C480030:4-(3-(1-adamantyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-chlorocinnamic acid; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002934:Cinnamates; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D012176:Retinoids; C099713:nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 2; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D000218:Adamantane