title: Immobilization of Japanese black bears (Ursus thibetanus japonicus) with tiletamine hydrochloride and zolazepam hydrochloride.
abstract: The effect of anesthetizing with a 1:1 combination of tiletamine hydrochloride and zolazepam hydrochloride (TZ) was evaluated in 75 Japanese black bears. TZ was administered to 43 captive and 11 wild, 8 captives and 13 hibernating captive bears at the doses of approximately 9.0 mg/kg (usual dosage), 18.0 mg/kg (high dosage) and 5.0 mg/kg (low dosage), respectively. Sufficient anesthetic effects were achieved in all bears, and rectal temperatures, heart rates and respiratory rates did not change significantly during an hour handling. Complete blood cell examinations showed no abnormal data. A combination of TZ would be an efficient and safe drug for chemical immobilization of Japanese black bears.
authors.affiliation: United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsubota
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.forename: Tsukasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okano
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007103:Immobilization / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D013992:Tiletamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001503:Ursidae / Q000502:physiology*; D015041:Zolazepam / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D013992:Tiletamine; D015041:Zolazepam