title: Differential diagnosis of benign and malign pancreatic masses with 18F-fluordeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography recorded with a dual-head coincidence gamma camera.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metabolic imaging using 18F-fluordeoxyglucose and a ring-positron emission tomography camera is an established method in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic masses. Ring-positron emission tomography cameras, however, are expensive and available in only few specialized centres. The aim of this study was to investigate how far 18F-fluordeoxyglucose scan with a conventional dual-head gamma-camera could differentiate between benign and malign pancreatic masses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one patients (male/female: 25/16; mean age: 64.0 years; range: 41-86 years) with a pancreatic mass detected by ultrasound, computed tomography or MRI were included. In all patients 18F-fluordeoxyglucose scan was performed after overnight fasting and injection of 4 mCi 18F-fluordeoxyglucose using an ADAC Vertex MCD dual head gamma-camera (ADAC; Milpitas, California, USA), equipped with a 5/8-inch NaI-crystal. Images were acquired through a 180 degrees grade rotation in the three dimensional mode. The chosen matrix was 128 x 128 x 16, a Butterworthfilter (ADAC) was used and data were transferred into visible sinograms via Fourier-Rebinning. Coronar, sagittal and transversal slices of 3.9 mm thickness each were acquired. Focal tracer enhancement was suspicious for a malignoma and therefore regarded as positive, diffuse or no tracer uptake was suspicious for a benign process and was regarded as negative for cancer. DEFINITION OF GOLD STANDARDS: A diagnosis of cancer had to be confirmed histologically by specimens obtained by 18G-needle biopsy, surgical resection or at autopsy. A diagnosis of an inflammatory mass was considered proven, if no carcinoma could be found histologically in the surgically resected mass or at autopsy, or if there was no progression of the disease during a follow-up of at least 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 22 patients carcinoma was diagnosed (pancreatic cancer: n=17; endocrine tumour: n=3; carcinoma of the common bile duct: n=2). 18F-fluordeoxyglucose scan showed a focal tracer enhancement in 19 of these 22 patients (sensitivity: 86.4%). False negative results were acquired in two patients with cancer of the common bile duct and in one patient with poorly controlled insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In 19 patients the final diagnosis was an inflammatory pancreatic mass. 18F-fluordeoxyglucose scan showed a diffuse tracer enhancement in 15 of these 19 patients (specificity: 78.9%). False positive results were acquired in three patients whose blood tests showed signs of an acute episode of chronic pancreatitis. Positive and negative predictive values of 18F-fluordeoxyglucose scan were 82.6% and 83.3%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  18F-fluordeoxyglucose scan with a conventional dual-head gamma-camera is a highly sensitive and specific method in the differential diagnosis of benign and malign pancreatic masses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, KA Rudolfstiftung, Vienna, Austria. Lisa.Singer@gmx.net
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gschwantler
authors.forename: Dina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Plattner
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kriwanek
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Armbruster
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schueller
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Feichtinger
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roka
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moeschl
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Alois
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kroiss
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D015902:Gamma Cameras; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D050500:Pancreatitis, Chronic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18