title: Appropriateness of colonoscopy: diagnostic yield and safety in guidelines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate if the guidelines for the appropriateness of performing colonoscopy by American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (AGSE) and Italian Society of Digestive Endoscopy (SIED) yield a good diagnostic efficacy and do not present risks of missing important colonic pathologies in an Italian population sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1017 consecutive patients (560 men and 457 women; mean age 64.4 +/- 16 years) referred to an open-access endoscopy unit for colonoscopy from July 2004 to May 2006 were evaluated according to ASGE and SIED guidelines for appropriateness of performing the procedure. Diagnostic yield was defined as the percentage of relevant colonic pathologies of the total number of colonoscopies performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  About 85.2% patients underwent colonoscopy that was considered appropriate based on at least one ASGE or SIED criterion, while it was considered inappropriate for 14.8% of patients. The diagnostic yield of colonoscopy was significantly higher for appropriate colonoscopies (26.94% vs 10.6%, P < 0.001) than for inappropriate colonoscopies (5.3%). There was no missed colorectal cancer following the ASGE/SIED criteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ASGE/SIED guidelines have shown a good diagnostic yield and the rate of missing relevant colonic pathologies seems very low. Unfortunately, the percentage of inappropriate referrals for colonoscopy in an open-access endoscopy system is still high, despite the number of papers published on the issue and the definition of international guidelines. Further steps are required to update and standardize the guidelines to increase their diffusion and to promote educational programs for general practitioners.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Cardinal Massaja Hospital, Asti, Italy.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grassini
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Verna
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Niola
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Navino
authors.forename: Edda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Battaglia
authors.forename: Gabrio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bassotti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003108:Colonic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011446:Prospective Studies