title: Parent reports of the psychosocial functioning of children with cleft lip and/or palate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  (1) to determine the opinion of parents regarding the psychosocial functioning of their child with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP); (2) to identify predictors of psychosocial functioning; and (3) to determine the level of agreement between children with CLP and their parents.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty-nine parents of children with CLP and 96 parents of children without CLP participated in this cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parental opinion of the child's self-esteem, anxiety, happiness, and problems caused by facial appearance were assessed using visual analogue scales. Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist and were interviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children with CLP were more anxious (p < 0.05), less happy with their appearance (p < 0.001), and in general (p < 0.05) had lower self-esteem (p < 0.05) and greater behavioral problems (p < 0.001) compared with non-CLP children. Parents reported that their child with CLP was teased more often (p < 0.001) and was less satisfied with his/her speech (p < 0.01) compared with reports of parents in the control group. A number of factors affected parents' ratings of their child's psychosocial functioning (presence of CLP, appearance happiness, previous history of CLP, and visibility of scar). Children who had been teased were more anxious (p < or = 0.01), less happy with their appearance (p < 0.001) and had greater behavioral problems (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parents of children with CLP reported various psychosocial problems among their children. Parents considered children who had been teased to have greater psychosocial problems.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland. o.hunt@qub.ac.uk
authors.forename: Orlagh
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Burden
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hepper
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Johnston
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D012649:Self Concept; D012917:Social Adjustment; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires