Regulation of glucose transporter type 4 isoform gene expression in muscle and adipocytes.
The gene expression of glucose transporter type 4 isoform (GLUT4) is known to be controlled by metabolic, nutritional, or hormonal status. Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing GLUT4 gene expression is critical, because glucose disposal in the body depends on the activities of GLUT4 in the muscle and adipocytes. The GLUT4 activities are regulated by a variety of mechanisms. One of them is transcriptional regulation. GLUT4 gene expression is regulated by a variety of transcriptional factors in muscle and adipose tissue. These data are accumulating regarding the transcriptional factors regulating GLUT4 gene expression. These include MyoD, MEF2A, GEF, TNF-alpha, TR-1alpha, KLF15, SREBP-1c, C/EBP-alpha, O/E-1, free fatty acids, PAPRgamma, LXRalpha, NF-1, etc. These factors are involved in the positive or negative regulation of GLUT4 gene expression. In addition, there is a complex interplay between these factors in transactivating GLUT4 promoter activity. Understanding the mechanisms controlling GLUT4 gene transcription in these tissues will greatly promote the potential therapeutic drug development for obesity and T2DM.
Im
Seung-Soon
SS
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul, Korea.
Kwon
Sool-Ki
SK
Kim
Tae-Hyun
TH
Kim
Ha-Il
HI
Ahn
Yong-Ho
YH
D017667:Adipocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009132:Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D020539:Sequence Analysis, Protein
D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D020033:Protein Isoforms