title: The antimicrobial effects of chopped garlic in ground beef and raw meatball (ciğ köfte).
abstract: This study was carried out to investigate the antimicrobial effects of chopped garlic in ground beef and raw meatball (çig köfte), which is a traditional food product eaten raw. Fresh minced ground beef and raw meatball batter prepared with traditional methods were separated into groups. Chopped and crushed garlic was added to each batch in order to reach various concentrations from 0% to 10%. The ground beef samples were stored at refrigerator and ambient temperatures. The raw meatball samples were only stored at room temperature. All samples were analyzed in order to determine the microbial counts at the 2(nd), 6(th), 12(th), and 24(th) hours of storage. Garlic addition decreased the microbial growth in some ground beef samples kept either at room temperature or in the refrigerator. However, microbial growth increased in some ground beef samples kept in similar conditions. The difference was found in samples kept in the refrigerator for 24 hours in terms of total aerobic mesophilic bacteria and coliform bacteria when garlic used at 10%. The effects of garlic on the microbial growth of both coliforms and Staphylococcus/Micrococcus in the samples kept at room temperature were increased. The yeast and mold counts in ground beef samples kept in any condition were not affected by garlic addition. However, the addition of garlic to the raw meatball mix decreased the microbial count, in terms of total aerobic mesophilic bacteria and yeast and mold counts, when the garlic was added at 5% or 10% (P < .05). The addition of 10% garlic to raw meatball caused a permanent decrease in yeast and mold count, unlike in ground beef. The results of this study indicate that the chopped garlic has a slowing-down effect on microbiological growth in ground meat depending on the garlic concentration, but this effect was not at an expected level even at the highest concentration, because potential antimicrobial agents in chopped garlic were probably insufficiently extracted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Istanbul University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey. aliaydin@istanbul.edu.tr
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.forename: Kamil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bostan
authors.forename: Mehmet Emin
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Erkan
authors.forename: Bariş
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bingöl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002417:Cattle; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000254:growth & development; D005519:Food Preservation; D005737:Garlic / Q000737:chemistry*; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology*; D008837:Micrococcus / Q000254:growth & development; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry*; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000254:growth & development; D015003:Yeasts / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents