title: Effects of various methoxyflavones on vincristine uptake and multidrug resistance to vincristine in P-gp-overexpressing K562/ADM cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Some methoxyflavones (MFs) are known to inhibit the function of P-glycoprotein. The aim of this study is to characterize the reversal of multidrug resistance (MDR) by MFs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of 19 MFs, including 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone, nobiletin, and tangeretin, and flavone on the uptake of [3H]vincristine into an adriamycin-resistant variant of human chronic myelogenous leukemia (K562/ADM) cells were investigated. Potentiation of vincristine-induced growth inhibition by these MFs was also tested in K562/ADM cells by means of WST-1 [2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All MFs (20 microM) tested increased the uptake of [3H]vincristine. 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone, nobiletin, tangeretin, quercetagetin and quercetin pentamethylether showed especially potent effects. The increase in the uptake of [3H]vincristine was proportional to the number of methoxyl moieties. While substitution with a methoxyl moiety at the C3 position was the most influential, methoxyl substitution at both the C3' and C5' positions resulted in a decrease in the potentiation of uptake. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between the potencies for increasing [3H]vincristine uptake and for growth inhibition assessed by WST-1 assay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MFs increased the uptake of [3H]vincristine into MDR cells and exhibited MDR-reversing effects. Their potencies were influenced by the number and positions of the methoxyl moieties.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Drug Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisakazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohtani
authors.forename: Tomomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikegawa
authors.forename: Youko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kohyama
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shoyama
authors.forename: Motoharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Juichi
authors.forename: Mikihiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuruo
authors.forename: Yasufumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sawada
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000378:metabolism*; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple / Q000187:drug effects*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects*; D047309:Flavones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D020014:K562 Cells; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015394:Molecular Structure; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014162:Transfection; D014316:Tritium; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology; D014750:Vincristine / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D047309:Flavones; D014316:Tritium; D014750:Vincristine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D014700:Verapamil