title: Diplopia following cataract surgery: a review of 150 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the motility pattern, underlying mechanism, and management of patients who complained of double vision after cataract surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective case note analysis of 150 patients presenting with diplopia after cataract surgery to an orthoptic clinic over a 70-month period. Information was retrieved from orthoptic, ophthalmological, and operating room records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 3% of patients presenting to the orthoptic clinic had diplopia after cataract surgery. We grouped these according to the underlying mechanisms which were: (1) decompensating pre-existing strabismus (34%), (2) extraocular muscle restriction/paresis (25%), (3) refractive (8.5%), (4) concurrent onset of systemic disease (5%), (5) central fusion disruption (5%), and (6) monocular diplopia (2.5%). Twenty per cent of the patients could not be categorised with certainty. After infiltrational anaesthesia, extraocular muscle restriction/paresis was the commonest presentation, while decompensation of preexisting strabismus was commonest with topical anaesthesia.For the 150 patients seen, prisms were the commonest form of treatment prescribed (64%) either in isolation or in combination with other treatment, including surgery (19%). Convergence and divergence insufficiency/paresis patterns were also common. A changing motility pattern was noted in some patients who had early documentation, with increasing comitance over time (spread of comitance). Partial resolution made it difficult to clearly identify the underlying mechanism in patients with late documentation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Double vision is a troublesome complication of otherwise successful cataract surgery. The use of topical anaesthesia does not abolish this surgical risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of British Columbia, BC's Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kersey
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Oystreck
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Cline
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lyons
mesh_terms: D020434:Abducens Nerve Diseases / Q000150:complications; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods; D002387:Cataract Extraction / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004172:Diplopia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D009886:Ophthalmoplegia / Q000209:etiology; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013285:Strabismus / Q000150:complications; D055815:Young Adult