title: Use of pyrethroid analogues to identify key structural features for enhanced esterase resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
abstract: It has been reported previously that the major resistance mechanism to pyrethroid insecticides by the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) in Australia is a consequence of overproduction of esterase isoenzymes. This paper reports structure-activity relationships that support such a view, based on in vivo bioassays conducted with a range of pyrethroid structures containing a variety of acid and alcohol moieties and the correlation with in vitro esterase inhibition assays against the same structures, and identifies the critical regions of the molecule with regard to esterase inhibition, and hence resistance. The implications of this work in terms of possible resistance management are evaluated and discussed.
authors.affiliation: New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Tamworth Agricultural Institute, 4 Marsden Park Road, Calala, NSW 2340, Australia.
authors.forename: Robin V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Gunning
authors.forename: Graham D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Moores
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jewess
authors.forename: Alastair L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Boyes
authors.forename: Alan L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Devonshire
authors.forename: Bhupinder P S
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Khambay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004950:Esterases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry; D007814:Larva / Q000201:enzymology; D009036:Moths / Q000201:enzymology*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000737:chemistry; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D011722:Pyrethrins; D004950:Esterases