title: [Tobacco smoking and sputum smear conversion in pulmonary tuberculosis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze if cigarette smoking delays the sputum smear conversion in pulmonary tuberculosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety eight patients were diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. Patients were all not immunosuppressed, infected by human immunodeficiecy virus (HIV) or drug resistant. Sixty four of them were smokers with a pack-year index (standard deviation) of 33.69 (23.12). Delayed sputum smear conversion (DC) was considered when 2 positive sputum culture results were obtained in the second month of anti-tuberculous treatment and was associated with the following variables in 2 groups: a) total group (in which all the patients were included): age, sex, smoking habits, risk factors (alcohol consumption, diabetes mellitus, immunosuppression, drug addicion, malnutrition), time with symptoms, radiologic presentation and bacterial load, and b) smokers: age, sex, risk factors, time with symptoms, radiologic presentation, bacterial load and pack-year index. For the statistical analysis, chi2 test, Student t test and logistic regression model were used, considering the dependant variable DC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the total group, 17 patients (17.3%) had DC, 16 of them had a history of smoking and in the univariate analysis it was associated with: alcohol consumption, time with symptoms, radiologic presentation as bilateral cavitary infiltrates and smoking habits. The logistic regression analysis showed an association with smoking habits (odds ratio = 9.8; p = 0.03) and bilateral cavitary infiltrates (odds ratio = 3.61; p = 0.02). In the group of smokers, DC was associated in the univariate analysis with the female sex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking habits delay sputum conversion in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis not associated with HIV and non-resistant bacilli. According to these results it is necessary to assist smoking cessation in patients who are receiving antituberculous treatment.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neumología. Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España. jose993@separ.es
authors.forename: José Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gullón Blanco
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Suárez Toste
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lecuona Fernández
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Galindo Morales
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fernández Alvarez
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rubinos Cuadrado
authors.forename: Agustín
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Medina Gonzálvez
authors.forename: Isidro Jesús
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: González Martín
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents