title: SPE-GC/FTD determination of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and its metabolites in urine.
abstract: An analytical method using a combination of solid-phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography with a flame thermionic detector (GC/FTD) was developed for determination of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), N-methylsuccinimide (MSI), and 2-hydroxy-N-methylsuccinimide (2-HMSI) in human urine. The SPE cartridge of poly(divinylbenzene/hydroxymethacrylate) used was directly loaded with urine sample, followed by elution with methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) and subsequent centrifugation, and the supernatant was injected into the capillary GC using a DB1701. This method allowed efficient separation of NMP, MSI, and 2-HMSI, which were nearly free of interference by other GC peaks arising from urine. Recoveries of NMP, MSI, and 2-HMSI from the SPE cartridge were about 98, 101, and 67%, respectively, with limits of detection of 0.04, 0.02, and 0.06 mg/L, respectively, which met the regulatory requirements. The present method was used for assay in biological monitoring of workers exposed to NMP in their occupational environment.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Occupational Poisoning, Tokyo Rosai Hospital, Japan Labour Health Organization, 4-13-21 Ohmori-Minami, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-0013, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Akito
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Tomoo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Nobuhiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Onda
authors.forename: Ginji
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Endo
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D011760:Pyrrolidinones / Q000652:urine*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D011760:Pyrrolidinones; C038678:N-methylpyrrolidone