Childhood body mass index and perioperative complications.
BACKGROUND
Our aim was to describe the incidence of quality assurance events between overweight/obese and normal weight children.


METHODS
This is a retrospective review of the quality assurance database of the Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan for the period January 2000 to December 2004. Using directly measured height and weight, we computed the body mass index (BMI) in 6094 children. Overweight and obesity were defined using age and gender-specific cut off according to the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2000) growth charts. Frequency of quality assurance events were compared between normal weight, overweight, and obese children.


RESULTS
There were 3359 males (55.1%) and 2735 females (44.9%). The mean age for the entire population was 11.9 +/- 5.2 while the mean BMI was 21.6 +/- 6.7 kg x m(-2). The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 31.6%. Obesity was more prevalent in boys than girls (P = 0.016). Preoperative diagnoses of hypertension, type II diabetes, and bronchial asthma were more common in overweight and obese than normal weight children (P = 0.0001 for hypertension, P = 0.001 for diabetes and P = 0.014 for bronchial asthma). Difficult airway, upper airway obstruction in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) and PACU stay longer than 3 h and need for two or more antiemetics were more common in overweight and obese than normal weight children (P = 0.001). There was no significant difference in the incidence of unplanned hospital admission following an outpatient surgical procedure between normal weight and overweight/obese children.


CONCLUSIONS
Studies on perioperative aspects of childhood overweight and obesity are rare. Our report shows a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in this cohort of pediatric surgical patients. Certain perioperative morbidities are more common in overweight and obese than in normal weight children. There is a need for prospective studies of the impact of childhood overweight and obesity on anesthesia and surgical outcome.
Nafiu
Olubukola O
OO
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. onafiu@med.umich.edu
Reynolds
Paul I
PI
Bamgbade
Olumuyiwa A
OA
Tremper
Kevin K
KK
Welch
Kathy
K
Kasa-Vubu
Josephine Z
JZ
D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008824:Michigan / Q000453:epidemiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D050177:Overweight; D019990:Perioperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative