title: Algorithm for reconstruction after endoscopic pituitary and skull base surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The expanding role of endoscopic skull base surgery necessitates a thorough understanding of the indications, techniques, and limitations of the various approaches to reconstruction. The technique and outcomes of endoscopic skull base reconstruction remain incompletely described in the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients undergoing endoscopic skull base surgery underwent an algorithmic approach to reconstruction based on tumor location, defect size, and presence of intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. A prospective database was reviewed to determine the overall efficacy of reconstruction and to identify risk factors for postoperative CSF leak.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The diagnosis in the 127 patients in this series included pituitary tumor in 70 (55%) patients, encephalocele in 16 (12.6%) patients, meningioma in 11 (8.7%) patients, craniopharyngioma in 9 (7.1%) patients, and chordoma in 6 (4.7%) patients. Successful reconstruction was initially achieved in 91.3% of patients. Eleven (8.7%) patients experienced postoperative CSF leak, 10 of which resolved with lumbar drainage alone. One (0.8%) patient required revision surgery. Correlation between postoperative CSF leak and study variables revealed a statistically significant longer duration of surgery (243 vs. 178 min, P = .008) and hospitalization (12.1 vs. 4.5 days, P < .0001) and a trend toward larger tumors (mean, 3.2 vs. 2.3 cm; P = .058) in patients experiencing postoperative CSF leak.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The algorithm for reconstruction after endoscopic surgery presented in this study is associated with excellent overall efficacy. A greater understanding of risk factors for postoperative CSF leak is imperative to achieve optimal results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beth Israel Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Abtin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tabaee
authors.forename: Vijay K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.forename: Seth M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Jerry W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Theodore H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000601:surgery*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D020863:Central Nervous System Cysts / Q000601:surgery*; D002559:Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea / Q000209:etiology; D004677:Encephalocele / Q000209:etiology; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D019292:Skull Base Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*