title: Mid-infrared laser measurements of aqueous glucose.
abstract: Mid-IR semiconductor lasers of two wavelength bands, 5.4 and 9.6 microm, are applied to measure aqueous glucose concentration ranging from 0 to 500 mgdL with Intralipid emulsion (0 to 8%) added as a fat simulator. The absorption coefficient micro(a) is found linear with respect to glucose and Intralipid concentrations, and their specific absorption coefficients are obtained via linear regression. These coefficients are subsequently used to infer the concentrations and compare with known values. The objective is to evaluate the method accuracy. Glucose concentration is determined within +/-21 mgdL with 90% confidence and +/-32 mgdL with 99% confidence, using <1-mJ laser energy. It is limited by the apparatus mechanical error and not the photometric system noise. The expected uncertainties due to photometric noise are +/-6 and +/-9 mgdL with 90 and 99% confidence, respectively. The uncertainty is fully accounted for by the system intrinsic errors, allowing rigorous inference of the confidence level. Intralipid is found to have no measurable effect on glucose determination. Further analysis suggests that a few mid-IR wavelengths may be sufficient, and that the laser technique offers advantages with regard to accuracy, speed, and sample volume, which can be small, approximately 0.4x10(-7) mL for applications such as microfluidic or microbioarray monitoring.
authors.affiliation: University of Houston, Photonic Device and System Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Texas Center for Advanced Materials and Southwest Public Safety Technology Center, 4800 Calhoun, Houston, Texas 77204, USA.
authors.forename: Bujin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Han Q
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Le
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D007834:Lasers; D010783:Photometry / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D005947:Glucose