title: Antibacterial activity and shear bond strength of 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride/methyl methacrylate-tri-n-butyl borane resin containing an antibacterial agent.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To produce an antibacterial adhesive for orthodontic bonding without compromising the mechanical property.
  
  
  METHODS
  We added benzalkonium chloride (BAC) to the Superbond C&B (4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride/methyl methacrylate-tri-n-butyl borane [4-META/MMA-TBB]), a resin that exhibits a strong bonding strength between enamel and bracket. BAC concentrations in the BAC composites were 0.25%, 0.75%, 1.25%, 1.75%, 2.5%, and 5% (wt/wt). Antibacterial activity of the BAC composite was measured by the disk diffusion method. BAC-composite discs were placed on the surface of the agar inoculated with Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus, and the plates were incubated at 37 degrees C. After 48 hours of incubation, the inhibition zone around each sample was measured and recorded. The BAC-modified composite was used to bond metal brackets to the phosphoric acid-etched enamel surface of human premolars. The shear bond strengths were measured after immersion in water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The BAC-composite samples showed significant (P < .0001) antibacterial activity compared with the control. Measurable zones of bacterial inhibition increased as the BAC content in test samples increased. The shear bond strength declined with the increase in BAC concentration in the composite. A significant difference was found between the control composite and composites containing 1.25%, 1.75%, 2.5%, and 5% BAC (P < .05). No significant difference was found between the control composite and composites containing 0.25% and 0.75% BAC. However, shear bond strengths of the modified composites ranged from 10.12 MPa to 20.94 MPa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results confirmed that BAC-modified 4-META/MMA-TBB resin has a possibility for clinical application as an orthodontic bonding adhesive.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho Nishi, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan. saito.kayo@nihon-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kayo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.forename: Rihito
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kawabata
authors.forename: Daijiro
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Meguro
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kasai
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001896:Boron Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D017005:Dental Debonding; D006801:Humans; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D008768:Methylmethacrylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D033081:Shear Strength; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects; D016986:Streptococcus sobrinus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds; D001896:Boron Compounds; D008689:Methacrylates; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; C049495:Super-bond