title: Boswellic acids and glucosamine show synergistic effect in preclinical anti-inflammatory study in rats.
abstract: The present study revealed the synergistic effect of boswellic acid mixture (BA) and glucosamine for anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities in rats. Two studies were conducted, that is, acute anti-inflammatory by carrageenan edema and chronic anti-arthritic by Mycobacterium-induced developing arthritis. Five groups of animals were included in each of the study: the vehicle control, positive control (ibuprofen 100mg/kg), boswellic acids (250 mg/kg), glucosamine (250 mg/kg) and a combination of boswellic acids (125 mg/kg) and glucosamine (125 mg/kg). BA when administered at 250 mg/kg in rats, carrageenan-induced paw edema and Mycobacterium-induced developing arthritis were significantly inhibited. In comparison to boswellic acids, glucosamine when administered at 250 mg/kg showed a mild effect in carrageenan-induced edema and moderate inhibition of paw swelling against developing arthritis. Although the combination of boswellic acids and glucosamine did not affect the acute inflammation to a greater extent yet a significant anti-arthritic activity was observed in rats. In conclusion, a synergistic effect was observed in chronic inflammatory conditions when two chemical entities were administered in combination in preclinical study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India. surjeet58@yahoo.com <surjeet58@yahoo.com>
authors.forename: Surjeet
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Anamika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khajuria
authors.forename: Subhash Chandra
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Taneja
authors.forename: Ravi Kant
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Khajuria
authors.forename: Jaswant
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Ghulam Nabi
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Qazi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001168:Arthritis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000494:pharmacology; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D015195:Drug Design; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004487:Edema; D005944:Glucosamine / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009161:Mycobacterium / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D014315:Triterpenes; C054625:boswellic acid; D002351:Carrageenan; D005944:Glucosamine