title: A preliminary evaluation of the emergence of novel mand forms.
abstract: Strategies that produce generalized responding are valuable, especially with regard to language acquisition, because relatively little training may result in large behavior changes. Conditions that result in generalized manding were analyzed in the current study. We demonstrated in reversal designs that undesirable or single-word responses were the predominant mand forms of 3 preschool children. Multiple baseline designs with 2 participants and a reversal design with 1 participant were then used to demonstrate the extent to which differential reinforcement of single-word mands (e.g., "cars") or framed mands (e.g., "I want the cars, please") would result in the emergence of other single-word and framed mands for different items (e.g., mands for music, puppets, or puzzles). Results showed that prompting and differential reinforcement of one or two mand frames resulted in the emergence of other framed mands for all participants.
authors.affiliation: University of Kansas, 4023 Dole, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: Gregory P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Hanley
authors.forename: Einar T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Ingvarsson
authors.forename: Jeffrey H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Tiger
mesh_terms: D001521:Behavior Therapy; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018479:Early Intervention, Educational; D004495:Education of Persons with Intellectual Disabilities; D005260:Female; D005793:Generalization, Psychological; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000628:therapy*; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D012016:Reference Values; D014705:Verbal Behavior; D014825:Vocabulary