title: Cost/accuracy ratio analysis in breast cancer patients undergoing ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology, sentinel node biopsy, and frozen section of node.
abstract: We evaluated the effectiveness and the cost of axillary staging in breast cancer patients by ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (US-FNAC), sentinel node biopsy (SNB), and frozen sections of the sentinel node to achieve the target of the highest number of immediate axillary dissections. From January 2003 through October 2005, a total of 404 consecutive eligible breast cancer patients underwent US-FNAC of suspicious axillary lymph nodes. If tumor cells were found, immediate axillary dissection was proposed (33% of node-positive cases). If US or cytology was negative, SNB was performed. Frozen sections of the sentinel node allowed immediate axillary dissection in 31% of node-positive cases. The remaining 36% underwent delayed axillary dissection. We compared our policy with clinical evaluation of the axilla, showing better specificity of US-FNAC, the cost balanced by a 12% reduction of SNBs, and a marked reduction of unnecessary axillary dissections resulting from false-positive clinical staging. Moreover, the comparison between our policy and permanent histology of the sentinel node showed an 8% cost saving, mainly associated with the immediate axillary dissections. US-FNAC of axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer patients reliably predicts the presence of metastases and therefore refers a significant number of patients to the appropriate surgical treatment, avoiding an SNB. As cost saving to the health care system in our study is mainly related to one-step axillary surgery, US-FNAC of axillary lymph nodes and frozen section of the sentinel node generate significant cost saving for patients who have metastatic nodes.
authors.affiliation: Ginteam, Mini-Invasive Gynaecological and Breast Surgery Unit, Evangelical Hospital, ASL 1, Torino, Italy. markgen@libero.it
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Genta
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zanon
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Camanni
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Deltetto
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Drogo
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gilardi
mesh_terms: D001365:Axilla; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle / Q000191:economics*; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000191:economics / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000191:economics / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000191:economics / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017046:Cost Savings; D005260:Female; D005629:Frozen Sections / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000191:economics*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental / Q000191:economics; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000191:economics; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012086:Reoperation / Q000191:economics; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000191:economics*; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000191:economics