title: TNF-alpha suppresses prolyl-4-hydroxylase alpha1 expression via the ASK1-JNK-NonO pathway.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inflammation is known to contribute to the pathogenesis of vascular diseases in which arterial wall extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis is disrupted. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a pivotal cytokine that regulates ECM metabolism by increasing degradation and decreasing production of arterial collagens, is associated with vulnerable plaques and aortic aneurysms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the current study, we showed that, when administered in doses of 1 to 100 ng/mL, TNF-alpha dose-dependently downregulated the expression of prolyl-4-hydroxylase alphaI [P4H alpha(I)]-the rate-limiting subunit for the P4H enzyme essential for procollagen hydroxylation, secretion, and deposition in primary human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). Using a progressive deletion cloning approach, we characterized the TNF-alpha-responsive element (TaRE) in the human P4H alpha(I) promoter and found that a negative regulatory region at the position of -32 to +18 bp is responsible for approximately 80% of TNF-alpha-mediated suppression. Using oligonucleotide-based transcription factor pull-down method in which proteins were resolved in 1-D gel electrophoresis and identified using LC-MS/MS, we identified the NonO protein binds this region. When NonO expression silenced with specific siRNA, we found that 70% of the TNF-alpha-mediated P4H alpha suppression was abolished, which appeared to be mediated by the ASK1-JNK pathway.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings define a novel molecular pathway for inflammation associated extracellular matrix dysregulation, which may account for atherosclerotic plaque rupture and aortic aneurysm formation. Further understanding of this pathway may facilitate development of novel therapeutics for vascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, and Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ming-Xiang
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ying H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Jared K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Burks
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: LeMaire
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Joseph S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Coselli
authors.forename: Xing Li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001011:Aorta / Q000166:cytology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D048688:MAP Kinase Kinase 7 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D048848:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 5 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D011393:Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C510863:P4HA1 protein, human; D011393:Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase; D048848:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 5; D048688:MAP Kinase Kinase 7