title: Problem-solving experiences among elders living alone in eastern Taiwan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore problem-solving experiences among older people living alone in eastern Taiwan.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Elders living alone in Taiwan have a low participation rate in government social support programmes. Providing sufficient care for this population of elders requires knowing not only their problems, but also how and when they seek help solve their problems. Design. Qualitative research was used to gain a deeper understanding of the problem-solving experiences of older people living alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Elders living alone (n = 9) were recruited from a remote area of Taiwan. Data were gathered in audiotaped, semi-structured interviews and analysed by content analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants used both internal and external resources to solve problems through an appraisal process. Their internal resources included self-perception of health status, preventive coping strategies, flexible coping ability and being resigned to one's situation. Their external resources included both human and environmental resources. Based on their lived experience, participants appraised the usefulness of both internal and external resources before deciding whether to seek help from external resources.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Chinese society, maintaining a balance between internal and external resources is an important mechanism for elders in solving problems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings may enhance policy makers' and healthcare providers' understanding of the problem-solving experiences of elders who live alone in Taiwan. In practical terms, these findings can be used to improve the elderly people's use of support systems in their community.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung, and School of Nursing, Chang Gung University, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsiu-Hsin
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Yun-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Tsai
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000368:Aged / Q000523:psychology*; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006299:Health Services for the Aged; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D011340:Problem Solving; D012424:Rural Population; D012944:Social Support; D013624:Taiwan