title: Radioiodine uptake in non-lactating mammary glands: evidence for a causative role of hyperprolactinemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radioiodine uptake is rarely observed in normal non-lactating breast tissue. Investigation of the in vivo regulation of iodide uptake in breast tissue may be useful for the induction of radioiodine uptake in breast cancer tissue for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report the cases of two post-menopausal women who underwent radioiodine therapy for papillary thyroid carcinoma and in whom breast uptake of radioiodine on post-therapy whole body scan (WBS) was observed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both patients, elevated serum prolactin levels (123 ng/mL in patient 1 and 48 ng/mL in patient 2) were documented at the time when radioiodine uptake in the breast was observed. The hyperprolactinemia was due to prolonged treatment with the anti-dopaminergic neuroleptic risperidone in Case 1, and chronic renal failure in Case 2. When prolactin levels were normalized (by withdrawal of risperidone in Case 1 and with cabergoline in Case 2), breast tissue uptake was no longer evident on WBS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These cases provide the first documented correlation between serum levels of endogenous prolactin and radioiodine uptake by involuted breast tissue in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, University La Sapienza, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ronga
authors.forename: Rocco
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.forename: Efisio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Puxeddu
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Calcinaro
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Montesano
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Travascio
authors.forename: Marzia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Colandrea
authors.forename: Cosimo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Durante
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maranghi
authors.forename: Sebastiano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Filetti
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Russo
mesh_terms: D001940:Breast / Q000378:metabolism*; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006966:Hyperprolactinemia / Q000209:etiology*; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000378:metabolism*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications; D007774:Lactation; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D018967:Risperidone / Q000009:adverse effects; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D013965:Thyroidectomy; D051598:Whole Body Imaging
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D018967:Risperidone