title: Use of epidural anesthesia and the risk of acute postpartum urinary retention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to examine the relationship between the use of epidural analgesia during labor and acute postpartum urinary retention.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study was conducted using 1994 labor and postpartum health records from 3 primary care centers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Logistic regression analysis revealed that a longer second stage of labor (odds ratio [OR] 2.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41-4.85), use of systemic narcotics (OR 1.63; 95% CI 1.04-2.57), perineal laceration (OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.02-2.91), and instrumental delivery (OR 1.86; 95% CI 1.16-2.97) predicted urinary retention. There was a trend toward association of epidural analgesia and urinary retention (OR 1.69; 95% CI 0.98-2.92). Propensity score analysis revealed that any effect of epidural analgesia was likely due to effect modification of other obstetric variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Epidural analgesia during labor may increase the risk of developing urinary retention by up to 3 times. However, this effect is mediated by other obstetric variables.
authors.affiliation: Calgary Health Region, Calgary, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Kimberly L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Musselwhite
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Faris
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Dena
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berci
authors.forename: Kathryn M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: King
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D011644:Puerperal Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000209:etiology*