title: Clinical role of bone marrow angiogenesis in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) are associated with increased angiogenesis, growth, and metastasis in solid tumors. But, until today, the importance of theses factors on leukemia, especially childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) has received limited attention. Therefore, this study examined the bone marrow plasma VEGF and bFGF levels in ALL patients and normal controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bone marrow plasmas at diagnosis from 33 ALL patients (median age 5.9 years; range 1.8-13.9 years) were used for analysis. The bone marrow levels of bFGF and VEGF were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (R & D Systems) and compared with the bone marrow levels of 7 healthy control subjects (median age 11.98 years; 6 months -13.6 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average VEGF was higher in relapse ALL (N=7, 216.6 +/- 79.9pg/mL) compared to standard (N=9, 36.8 +/- 12.1pg/mL) (p=0.013) or high risk ALL (N=17, 80.0 +/- 12.2pg/mL) (p=0.023). bFGF levels were also significantly higher in relapse than standard-, or high-risk ALL patients (relapse ALL; 48.6 +/- 15.4pg/mL, standard risk ALL; 18.9 +/- 5.5pg/mL, high risk ALL; 19.0 +/- 3.5pg/mL, normal control; 18.6 +/- 4.0pg/mL) (p=0.003). Three patients with refractory relapse and death had much higher VEGF and bFGF values (VEGF; 420.0 +/- 81.6pg/ mL, bFGF; 85.6 +/- 3.2pg/mL).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that the increased levels of VEGF and bFGF in bone marrow may play an important role in prognosis of childhood ALL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 224-1 Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chuhl Joo
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lyu
authors.forename: Sun Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Rha
authors.forename: Sung Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Won
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000098:blood supply*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2