title: Assessment of prostate-specific antigen doubling time in prediction of prostate cancer on needle biopsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) kinetics have failed to predict for the presence of prostate cancer in screening populations in which many patients harbor subclinical disease. We hypothesized that the prebiopsy PSA doubling time (PSADT) and PSA velocity (PSAV) could predict for cancer detection in a referral population with a suspicion of prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from 1699 consecutive veterans with a PSA level of 10 ng/mL or less who underwent prostate biopsy. Logistic regression analysis was performed on the following: age, race, family history, digital rectal examination findings, PSA, PSA density, PSADT, PSAV, prostate volume, and ultrasound lesions. Model building was accomplished with 70% of the data, and validation was done using the remaining 30%. These data were also analyzed using classification and regression tree analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using logistic regression analysis (P <0.05) on the model building set, prostate cancer was associated with age (older than 70 years), PSA level (greater than 2.9 ng/mL), PSA density (more than 0.12 ng/mL/cm3), digital rectal examination findings, and the presence of a lesion on ultrasonography. A PSADT of 2 to 5 years was marginally associated with prostate cancer detection (odds ratio 1.6, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 2.3), and a PSADT of less than 2 years or longer than 5 years and PSAV were not predictive. On classification and regression tree analysis, PSADT was not selected as a predictive factor. Furthermore, neither PSADT nor PSAV was predictive of Gleason score 7 or worse cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to its prognostic value after the diagnosis of prostate cancer has been established, PSA kinetics offer little to clinical decision making as predictors of cancer or high-grade cancer in men with a PSA level of 10 ng/mL or less.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen E F
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Spurgeon
authors.forename: Solange
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mongoue-Tchokote
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Priest
authors.forename: Yi-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Laura M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Tomasz M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Beer
authors.forename: Motomi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garzotto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography; D036761:Ultrasound, High-Intensity Focused, Transrectal
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen