title: Proangiogenic activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with asthma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Asthmatic airways have an increased number and size of vascular structures, which contribute to airflow obstruction and hyperresponsiveness.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined whether proangiogenic mediators are elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from subjects with asthma and if this translated to induction of angiogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Angiogenic activity in BALF from 12 healthy, nonatopic subjects and 10 atopic subjects with mild asthma was evaluated by examining tubule formation at 11 days in cocultures of human endothelial cells with dermal fibroblasts. Vascular structures were visualized by anti-CD31 labeling and quantified by image analysis. Angiogenic growth factors in BALF from healthy subjects and subjects with asthma were identified using antibody arrays and by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Angiogenic activity induced by BALF from healthy subjects was not different from basal tubule formation (p>0.05). However, induction of tubular structures by asthmatic BALF was 2.5-fold greater (p<0.001) compared with healthy samples. Similarly, levels of proangiogenic growth factors (angiogenin, vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], monocyte chemotactic protein-1) were increased approximately 2.5-fold (p<0.05) in BALF from subjects with asthma, whereas antiangiogenic factors (endostatin, Ang-2) were unchanged. A blocking anti-VEGF antibody abolished tubule formation induced by BALF from either healthy subjects or subjects with asthma (p<0.01). Immunodepletion of VEGF had no effect on basal tubule formation induced by healthy BALF but abrogated enhanced tubule formation by asthmatic BALF (p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BALF collected from subjects with asthma but not healthy subjects is functionally active in promoting angiogenesis in vitro. The proangiogenic capacity of BALF from subjects with asthma resides in elevated VEGF derived from asthmatic airways. This observation supports VEGF as a key factor in vascular remodeling in asthma.
authors.affiliation: King's College London, MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, Thomas Guy House, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 9RT, UK.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Simcock
authors.forename: Varsha
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kanabar
authors.forename: Graham W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: Tak H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Stuart J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hirst
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D042501:Angiogenic Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D001249:Asthma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001980:Bronchi / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D042501:Angiogenic Proteins