title: Hiding from the sun - vitamin D deficiency in refugees.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been well established that women who wear a veil for cultural reasons and dark skinned migrants from Africa have an increased prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. Many refugee patients also come from countries where their skin is covered or they are indoors for most of the day.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This article explores the risk, diagnosis and management of vitamin D deficiency in the Australian refugee population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In 2004-2005, 75% of the 7000 refugees settling in Australia were from African countries and 20% were from the Middle East. Refugees may be exposed to less sunlight in Australia than in their country of origin because of an indoor lifestyle or an increased latitude. Refugee health centres confirm that vitamin D deficiency is present in 40-80% of refugee patients. Importantly, this is often asymptomatic. General practitioners are encouraged to test for vitamin D deficiency in refugees, especially as part of the initial health assessment.
authors.affiliation: Health in Human Diversity Unit, Discipline of General Practice, University of Adelaide, South Australia. jill.benson@adelaide.edu.au
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Skull
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa / Q000208:ethnology; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D005194:Family Practice / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008877:Middle East / Q000208:ethnology; D015995:Prevalence; D012036:Refugees / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013472:Sunlight; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D