title: Vitamin E deficiency enhances pulmonary inflammatory response and oxidative stress induced by single-walled carbon nanotubes in C57BL/6 mice.
abstract: Exposure of mice to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) induces an unusually robust pulmonary inflammatory response with an early onset of fibrosis, which is accompanied by oxidative stress and antioxidant depletion. The role of specific components of the antioxidant protective system, specifically vitamin E, the major lipid-soluble antioxidant, in the SWCNT-induced reactions has not been characterized. We used C57BL/6 mice, maintained on vitamin E-sufficient or vitamin E-deficient diets, to explore and compare the pulmonary inflammatory reactions to aspired SWCNTs. The vitamin E-deficient diet caused a 90-fold depletion of alpha-tocopherol in the lung tissue and resulted in a significant decline of other antioxidants (GSH, ascorbate) as well as accumulation of lipid peroxidation products. A greater decrease of pulmonary antioxidants was detected in SWCNT-treated vitamin E-deficient mice as compared to controls. Lowered levels of antioxidants in vitamin E-deficient mice were associated with a higher sensitivity to SWCNT-induced acute inflammation (total number of inflammatory cells, number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, released LDH, total protein content and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-alpha and IL-6) and enhanced profibrotic responses (elevation of TGF-beta and collagen deposition). Exposure to SWCNTs markedly shifted the ratio of cleaved to full-length extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD). Given that pulmonary levels of vitamin E can be manipulated through diet, its effects on SWCNT-induced inflammation may be of practical importance in optimizing protective strategies.
authors.affiliation: Pathology/Physiology Research Branch, HELD, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV, USA. ats1@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Anna A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Shvedova
authors.forename: Elena R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Kisin
authors.forename: Ashley R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gorelik
authors.forename: Sivaram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arepalli
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Castranova
authors.forename: Shih-Hong
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Yulia Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Tyurina
authors.forename: Tim D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Oury
authors.forename: Valerian E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Kagan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005549:Foreign-Body Reaction / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000276:immunology* / Q000633:toxicity; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014811:Vitamin E Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D052638:Particulate Matter; C499090:Sod3 protein, mouse; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione; D001205:Ascorbic Acid