title: Xanthogranulomatous osteomyelitis of ulna mimicking neoplasm.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Xanthogranulomatous osteomyelitis often presents as a severe chronic inflammation associated with pain, fever, and leukocytosis. It may mimic carcinoma in the involved organs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 50-year-old post-menopausal woman presented with a 2 year history of increasing swelling in the extensor aspect of her right forearm. Plain X-ray revealed an ill-defined expansile osteolytic lesion in the diaphysis of ulna. The gross, microscopic and ultrastructure findings of the curettage specimen was consistent with xanthogranulomatous osteomyelitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case highlights the rare occurrence of xanthogranulomatous osteomyelitis involving ulna, which can mimic as a primary or secondary bone tumors. A correct diagnosis can only be made on histopathological examination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. vkmahesh123@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: Mahesha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vankalakunti
authors.forename: Uma N
authors.initials: UN
authors.lastname: Saikia
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mathew
authors.forename: Mandeep
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006099:Granuloma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D035583:Rare Diseases; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014457:Ulna / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D014973:Xanthomatosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery