title: An in vitro cellular analysis of the radical scavenging efficacy of chitooligosaccharides.
abstract: Despite extensive study on biological activities of chitosan and chitooligosaccharides (COS), there is no experimental evidence available as to COS mediated inhibition of free radical damage in cellular oxidizing systems. In this study, radical scavenging efficacies of different molecular weight bearing COS were assessed and their intracellular radical scavenging effects were tested employing B16F1, murine melanoma cell line. The results exhibited appreciable suppression in occurrence of intracellular radical species in the presence of low molecular weight bearing COS (<1 kDa) confirming low molecular weight is important for observed activities in biological systems. However, DNA oxidation carried out in the presence of COS clearly exhibited that COS exert protective effect on oxidative damage of purified genomic DNA regardless of molecular weight. Low molecular weight bearing COS was observed to be successively participated in suppression of NF-kappaB gene promoter activity suggesting its capability to prevent oxidative stress related disease complications. Moreover, induction of intracellular glutathione (GSH) level in the presence of COS promoted the effectiveness of COS to act against cellular oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eresha
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mendis
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, South Korea.
authors.forename: Moon-Moo
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, South Korea.
authors.forename: Niranjan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rajapakse
authors.affiliation: Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, South Korea; Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, South Korea. Electronic address: sknkim@pknu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Se-Kwon
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D004249:DNA Damage; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005609:Free Radicals; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008544:Melanocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005609:Free Radicals; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D048271:Chitosan; D005978:Glutathione; D010100:Oxygen