title: Reduction of preoperative conjunctival bacterial flora with the use of mupirocin nasal ointment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the use of mupirocin ointment for preoperative eradication of nasal bacterial carriage was effective in reducing conjunctival bacterial flora.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, double-arm, blinded clinical trial of 37 eyes of 37 patients undergoing intraocular surgery (cataract extraction or pars plana vitrectomy) randomized to either control or mupirocin treatment groups. Treated patients received mupirocin nasal ointment twice daily for 5 days prior to surgery. Nasal cultures were obtained in all patients. All patients received a standard 5% povidone-iodine preparation before the surgical procedure, and conjunctival cultures were obtained in all patients before and after the povidone-iodine preparation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 37 patient nasal swabs were positive for bacterial growth (cultures were obtained prior to the use of mupirocin ointment in the treatment group). One of 15 eyes (6.7%) in the treatment group had positive conjunctival cultures prior to povidone-iodine preparation, compared with nine of 22 eyes (41%) in the control group (P < .05). Even after povidone-iodine preparation, eight of 22 eyes (36%) in the control group demonstrated persistent positive cultures, whereas one (6.7%) of the treatment eyes exhibited growth (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prophylactic use of mupirocin nasal ointment resulted in significant reduction of conjunctival flora with or without preoperative topical 5% povidone-iodine preparation. The use of mupirocin nasal ointment prior to intraocular surgery or intravitreal injections is a novel method for reducing conjunctival contamination rates, which theoretically should reduce the incidence of endophthalmitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Terry J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Alexandrou
authors.forename: Seenu M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hariprasad
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Benevento
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saidel
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ksiazek
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boonlayangoor
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Mieler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000382:microbiology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016712:Mupirocin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology*; D009824:Ointments / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014821:Vitrectomy
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009824:Ointments; D016712:Mupirocin