title: Bradykinin-induced nuclear factor of activated T-cells-dependent transcription in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons.
abstract: Bradykinin produced at sites of tissue injury and inflammation elicits acute pain and alters the sensitivity of nociceptive neurons to subsequent stimuli. We tested the hypothesis that bradykinin could elicit long-lasting changes in nociceptor function by activating members of the nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) family of transcription factors. Bradykinin activation of B2 receptors evoked concentration-dependent (EC50 = 6.0 +/- 0.3 nM) increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in a proportion of dorsal root ganglion neurons in primary culture. These [Ca2+] increases were sensitive to inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) and depletion of Ca2+ stores. In neurons expressing a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-NFAT4 fusion protein, a 2-min exposure to bradykinin induced the translocation of GFP-NFAT4 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Translocation was partially inhibited by the removal of extracellular Ca2+ and was blocked by inhibition of calcineurin. Furthermore, bradykinin triggered a concentration-dependent increase in NFAT-mediated transcription of a luciferase gene reporter (EC50 = 24.2 +/- 0.1 nM). This depended on the B2 receptor, PLC activation, and inositol triphosphate-mediated Ca2+ release. Transcription was not inhibited by capsazepine. Finally, as indicated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, bradykinin elicited an increase in cyclooxygenase mRNA. This increase was sensitive to calcineurin and B2 receptor inhibition. These findings suggest a mechanism by which short-lived bradykinin-mediated stimuli can enact lasting changes in nociceptor function and sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, 6-120 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0217, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Yuriy M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Usachev
authors.forename: Stanley A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Thayer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000378:metabolism*; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D043782:Receptor, Bradykinin B2 / Q000502:physiology; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels / Q000502:physiology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D043782:Receptor, Bradykinin B2; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels; C493922:Trpv1 protein, rat; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D001920:Bradykinin; D002118:Calcium