title: Economic evaluation of treatment administration strategies of ganciclovir for cytomegalovirus retinitis in HIV/AIDS patients in Thailand: a simulation study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are many effective interventions, via various routes (intravenous [IV], oral [OR], intravitreal injection [IVT] and intraocular implantation [IMP]), for treating cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) that have become available. There are large variations in treating CMVR in clinical practice in Thailand.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of providing (i) IVT, (ii) IV/OR and (iii) IMP ganciclovir to patients with HIV/AIDS and CMVR versus providing no treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A simulation study for which the input parameters were derived from a systematic review of the literature, a hospital-based survey and patient interviews.
  
  
  METHODS
  The analysis assumed a Thai healthcare system perspective. However, the model was run using both societal and healthcare provider perspectives.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results suggest that IVT ganciclovir was cost effective and the best option for treating patients with CMVR irrespective of whether patients received antiretroviral treatment (ART). In patients receiving ART, moving from IVT to IV/OR ganciclovir was also likely to be a cost-effective option. Offering IMP ganciclovir was not likely to be cost effective. Providing treatments for patients with bilateral CMVR was more cost effective than providing treatments for those with unilateral CMVR, and offering treatments for patients receiving ART was better value for money than treating patients without ART.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our models suggest that IV/OR ganciclovir should be recommended for the treatment of unilateral and bilateral CMVR for patients receiving ART in the Thai healthcare system. IVT ganciclovir may also have a role in the treatment of CMVR patients not receiving ART.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology Unit, Chiangkhum Hospital, Phayao, Thailand.
authors.forename: Kanlaya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Teerawattananon
authors.forename: Saniorn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iewsakul
authors.forename: Chawewan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yenjitr
authors.forename: Somsanguan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ausayakhun
authors.forename: Watanee
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yenjitr
authors.forename: Miranda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mugford
authors.forename: Yot
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Teerawattananon
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D017726:Cytomegalovirus Retinitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics* / Q000209:etiology; D003625:Data Collection; D015774:Ganciclovir / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D013785:Thailand; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D015774:Ganciclovir