title: Male-to-female transgender and transsexual clients of HIV service programs in Los Angeles County, California.
abstract: Data on HIV risk were collected with the Countywide Risk Assessment Survey from 2126 participants; 92 were male-to-female transgender persons (i.e., cross-dressers, and those who identify with the opposite sex), and 9 were male-to-female transsexual individuals (i.e., those who have undergone gender-reassignment surgery or other procedures). Transgender-identified individuals were more likely than the rest of the sample to have received hormone injections, offensive comments, and HIV testing; injected hormones with a used needle; been Asian or American Indian; been paid for sexual intercourse; and lived in unstable housing but less likely to have used heroin. Transgender-identified individuals are at high risk for HIV infection because of reuse of needles and being paid for sexual intercourse.
authors.affiliation: California State University, Long Beach, USA.
authors.forename: Jordan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Dennis G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Grace L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Reynolds
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D012734:Disorders of Sex Development; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D016015:Logistic Models; D015141:Los Angeles / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment; D011477:Sex Work; D014189:Transsexualism