Urban form relationships with walk trip frequency and distance among youth.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the relationship among objectively measured urban form variables, age, and walking in youth.


METHODS
Cross-sectional analyses of travel diary data mapped against urban form characteristics within a 1-km buffer of participant's place of residence. Setting. Youth in the Atlanta, Georgia region with selection stratified by income, household size, and residential density.


METHODS
A total of 3161 5- to 20-year-olds who completed 2-day travel diaries. Diaries of those under 15 years were completed by a parent or legal guardian.


METHODS
Walking distances were calculated from a 2-day travel diary. Residential density, intersection density, land use mix, and commercial and recreation space were assessed within a 1-km network distance around residences. Analysis. Logistic regression analyses were performed for each urban form variable by age groups controlling for the demographic variables. All variables were then entered simultaneously into an analysis of the whole sample.


RESULTS
All five urban form variables tested were related to walking. Recreation space was the only variables associated with walking across the four different age groups. All the urban form variables were related to walking in the 12 to 15 years age cohort. For this group, the odds of walking were 3. 7 times greater for those in highest- versus lowest-density tertile and 2.6 times greater for those with at least one commercial and 2.5 times greater for those with at least one recreational destination within 1 km from home. In the analysis of the full sample, number of cars, recreation space, and residential density were most strongly related to walking.


CONCLUSIONS
Access to recreation or open space was the most important urban form variable related to walking for all age groups. Children aged 12 to 15 years old may be particularly influenced by urban form.
Frank
Lawrence
L
School of Community and Regional Planning, University of British Columbia, 235-1933 West Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z2 Canada.
Kerr
Jacqueline
J
Chapman
Jim
J
Sallis
James
J
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002958:City Planning; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003710:Demography; D004779:Environment Design; D005260:Female; D005843:Geography; D005845:Georgia; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D009043:Motor Activity; D014504:Urban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016138:Walking / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*