title: Cytokines in human breast cyst fluid.
abstract: Gross cystic breast disease is a common benign disorder in which palpable cysts occur in the breast and are normally treated by aspiration of the contents. The cysts are classified as either Type 1, containing a high level of potassium ions and a low level of sodium ions, or as Type 2, with low potassium and high sodium ion concentrations. Steroid sulphatase activity in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines is regulated by exogenous breast cyst fluid (BCF), possibly because of cytokines in the BCF. A screening method was used to determine the range of cytokines in eight BCFs, four of each type. This was an array system, which uses antibodies immobilised on a membrane to qualitatively detect 79 different cytokines or growth factors. Nine cytokines were detected well above background levels: all were found in both types of BCF, but only epidermal growth factor (EGF) was higher in Type 1. All the other factors were higher in Type 2 BCF. Two of these cytokines, IL-6 and EGF, have previously been suggested to affect steroid sulphatase expression and several (MIP-1beta, IL-8, NAP-2) are known to affect MCF-7 cell chemotaxis. In addition two cytokines were measured by ELISA in 57 BCFs, and both IL-1beta and IL-13 were found in BCF, with significantly higher amounts of IL-1beta in Type 1 than Type 2 BCF (35.5+/-4.4 pg/ml versus 9.9+/-2.9 pg/ml).
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine and Sterix Ltd., Imperial College, Faculty of Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK.
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Parish
authors.forename: Margaret W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Ghilchik
authors.forename: Joanna M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eaton
authors.forename: Atul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Purohit
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Reed
mesh_terms: D047688:Breast Cyst / Q000737:chemistry*; D020420:Cyst Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005348:Fibrocystic Breast Disease / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000032:analysis; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis; D040081:Protein Array Analysis / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018793:Interleukin-13; D053583:Interleukin-1beta