title: Effluent-free papermaking: industrial experiences and latest developments in the German paper industry.
abstract: Thanks to multiple recirculation of process water, the German paper industry has succeeded in decreasing the specific fresh water demand from an average of 50 m3/t thirty years ago to 13 m3/t today. Although the increasing closure of white water loops creates many problems, it is bound to be part of the German paper industry's ongoing development. For a few years, in the production of packaging paper, two paper mills have been running with a totally closed water system including different process water treatment plants as 'kidneys'. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the pros and cons of closed process water systems followed by significant examples of effluent-free production of corrugating medium and test liner. Additionally, operation experiences and economic aspects are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Paper Technology and Mechanical Process Engineering, Darmstadt University of Technology, Alexanderstrasse 8, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany. hamm@papier.tu-darmstadt.de
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hamm
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schabel
mesh_terms: D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D005858:Germany; D007221:Industry; D010209:Paper; D013672:Technology / Q000639:trends*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*