title: Modafinil evokes striatal [(3)H]dopamine release and alters the subjective properties of stimulants.
abstract: Modafinil is a mild psychostimulant used for the treatment of sleep and arousal-related disorders, and has been considered a pharmacotherapy for cocaine and amphetamine dependence; however, modafinil's mechanism of action is largely unclear. The present study investigated modafinil using drug discrimination and slice superfusion techniques. Rats were trained to discriminate cocaine (1.6 or 5 mg/kg) or amphetamine (0.3 mg/kg) from saline injection for food reinforcement. Modafinil (64-128 mg/kg) substituted partially for both cocaine doses and amphetamine. Pretreatment with a lower modafinil dose (32 mg/kg) augmented the discriminative stimulus properties of cocaine (1.6 mg/kg dose group) and amphetamine. In neurochemical experiments, modafinil (100-300 microM) evoked [(3)H]overflow from rat striatal slices preloaded with [(3)H]dopamine in a concentration-dependent manner; however, modafinil was less potent and efficacious than amphetamine and nicotine. The dopamine transporter inhibitor nomifensine (10 microM) blocked modafinil-evoked [(3)H]overflow, and concentrations of modafinil (<100 microM) that did not have intrinsic activity attenuated amphetamine (1 and 3 microM)-evoked [(3)H]overflow. Modafinil-evoked [(3)H]overflow was not altered by the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist mecamylamine, and modafinil did not alter nicotine-evoked [(3)H]overflow, indicating that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors likely are not important for modafinil's mechanism of action. The present results indicate that modafinil evokes dopamine release from striatal neurons and is a psychostimulant that is pharmacologically similar to, but much less potent and efficacious than, amphetamine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia MO 65202, USA.
authors.forename: Marsha M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Dopheide
authors.forename: Russell E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Kelli R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Rodvelt
authors.forename: Todd R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Schachtman
authors.forename: Dennis K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000661:Amphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D000077408:Modafinil; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009627:Nomifensine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D009627:Nomifensine; D009538:Nicotine; D000661:Amphetamine; D003042:Cocaine; D000077408:Modafinil; D004298:Dopamine