title: Pneumonectomy for bronchogenic carcinoma: analysis of factors predicting survival.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with survival after pneumonectomy for non-small cell lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective study of 155 patients who underwent a pneumonectomy for non-small cell lung cancer at Roswell Park Cancer Institute between 1986 and 2002. Medical record review ascertained information on preoperative assessment including pulmonary function tests and clinical characteristics, postoperative complications, and overall survival. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models to calculate the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were used. Kaplan-Meier cumulative survival curves (with log-rank p values) were generated for selected variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age was 58 years at the time of surgery; 65% of patients were males. Squamous cell carcinoma (54%) and adenocarcinoma (33%) were the predominant histologic types. The median time to relapse was 11 months, and the overall median survival was 15.6 months. An American Society of Anesthesiology score of less than 3, squamous histology, and lower pathologic stage were significant independent predictors of improved survival. Current smoking status (hazard ratio = 1.87, 95% confidence interval: 1.30 to 2.70) and left tumor location (hazard ratio = 1.40, 95% confidence interval: 0.97 to 2.03) were associated with a trend toward poorer survival. Sixty-four patients (41%) had postoperative complications. The operative mortality from pneumonectomy was 9 of 155 (5.8%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  American Society of Anesthesiology score, histology, pathologic stage, smoking status, and location of the tumor were important predictors of survival in this patient sample. Pneumonectomy for non-small cell lung cancer carries an acceptable operative mortality and provides an important survival benefit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA. nithya.ramnath@roswellpark.org
authors.forename: Nithya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ramnath
authors.forename: Todd L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Demmy
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antun
authors.forename: Nachimuthu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Natarajan
authors.forename: Chukwumere E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Nwogu
authors.forename: Gregory M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Loewen
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Reid
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D000368:Aged; D002283:Carcinoma, Bronchogenic / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000401:mortality*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome