title: Acetylation of histone H4 in complex structural transitions of spermiogenic chromatin.
abstract: In spermiogenic nuclei of the cephalopod mollusc Sepia officinalis histones are replaced by a precursor-protamine molecule, which is later converted into protamine. Simultaneously, spermiogenic chromatin undergoes a complex structural change. Somatic-like chromatin belonging to the earliest spermatid is progressively reorganized into: (a) granules of 20 nm diameter, (b) fibres of 30-35 nm, and (c) fibres of 40-50 nm. In the final phases of spermiogenesis these fibres of 40-50 nm join to form larger structures of condensed chromatin, and lastly, the uniformly packed chromatin in the sperm nucleus. Using specific antibodies for mono- and hyperacetylated forms of histone H4, in this work we show that the first structural remodelling of chromatin (from somatic-like organization into 20 nm granules) is given concomitantly with a massive mono-acetylation of H4 (acetylation in lysine 12), whereas the structural remodelling from 30-35 to 40-50 nm fibres is produced simultaneously with hyperacetylation of H4 and the nuclear removal of histones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Campus de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurtz
authors.forename: Fina
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martínez-Soler
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ausió
authors.forename: Manel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chiva
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000818:Animals; D002843:Chromatin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006657:Histones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D049833:Sepia; D013091:Spermatogenesis; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D006657:Histones