title: Lipopolysaccharide in bacterial chronic infection: insights from Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide and lipid A.
abstract: Lipopolysaccharides are generally considered toxic components of the Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane with potent immunomodulating and immunostimulating properties, but their contribution to adaptation of a given bacterial species to its microbial niche is, however, predominantly overlooked. Helicobacter pylori, as a cause of long-term infection in the gastroduodenal tract, has been proposed as a model for investigating and understanding the dynamics of bacterial persistence and parasitism in chronic infections. This review examines the structure and properties of H. pylori lipopolysaccharide and its lipid A moiety, and the insights that have been gained into their contribution to chronic infection and pathogenesis, including evasion and dampening of innate immune responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland. anthony.moran@nuigalway.ie
authors.forename: Anthony P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Moran
mesh_terms: D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008050:Lipid A / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D008050:Lipid A; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D037521:Virulence Factors; C442865:lipopolysaccharide, Helicobacter pylori