title: Changes in signalling pathways regulating protein synthesis in human muscle in the recovery period after endurance exercise.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Exercise induced alterations in the rate of muscle protein synthesis may be related to activity changes in signalling pathways involved in protein synthesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether such changes in enzyme phosphorylation occur after endurance exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six male subjects performed ergometer cycling exercise for 1 h at 75% of the maximal oxygen uptake. Muscle biopsy samples from the vastus lateralis were taken before, immediately after, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h and 3 h after exercise for the determination of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), glycogen synthase 3 kinase (GSK-3), p70S6 kinase (p70(S6k)) and eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) phosphorylation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The phosphorylation of Akt was unchanged directly after exercise, but two- to fourfold increased 1 and 2 h after the exercise, whereas GSK-3alpha and beta phosphorylation were two- to fourfold elevated throughout most of the 3-h recovery period. Phosphorylation of mTOR was elevated threefold directly after, 30 min and 2 h after exercise and eEF2 phosphorylation was decreased by 35-75% from 30 min to 3 h-recovery. Exercise led to a five- to eightfold increase in Ser(424)/Thr(421) phosphorylation of p70(S6k) up to 30 min after exercise, but no change in Thr(389) phosphorylation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The marked decrease in eEF2 phosphorylation suggests an activation of translation elongation and possibly protein synthesis in the recovery period after sustained endurance exercise. The lack of p70(S6k) activation suggests that translation initiation is activated via alternative pathways, possibly via the activation of eukaryotic initiating factor 2B.
authors.affiliation: Astrand Laboratory, Swedish School of Health and Sport Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mascher
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: P-A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ekblom
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Blomstrand
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001706:Biopsy; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D005080:Exercise Test; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D020652:Peptide Elongation Factor 2 / Q000032:analysis; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000032:analysis; D021381:Protein Transport; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000032:analysis; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa / Q000032:analysis; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D020652:Peptide Elongation Factor 2; D019344:Lactic Acid; D011494:Protein Kinases; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3