title: [Assessment of the reasons prompting a first echocardiography in children: a Lebanese multicenter study].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the different indications behind performance of a first Doppler echocardiography (DE) in children, to assess the results and their impact on the residency teaching program in Lebanon.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study over a 40-month period, from March 1st, 2002, through June 30, 2005. Patients referred for the first DE were examined in different medical centers in Beirut, Mount-Lebanon and South Lebanon.
  
  
  RESULTS
  3137 new patients aged from 0 to 18 years (average: 54 months) were included in the analysis. The percentage of patients seen as outpatients was 48% ; in departments of pediatrics and emergency rooms: 38.2%; intensive care neonatal units: 13%; and in maternity wards/nurseries: 0.8%. 2198 patients (70.1%) had normal DE. Heart murmur accounts for 45.6% of DE requests, followed by extracardiac malformations and presence of dysmorphic features (7.2%), cyanosis (6.8%), suspicion of rheumatic fever (5.7%), cardiac arrhythmia (3.8%), bronchopneumopathies and respiratory distress (3.5%), chest pain and palpitations (3.3%). Innocent murmur was found in 53.9% of patients referred for heart murmur; among syndromes and malformations, Down's syndrome was the most frequent pathology, followed by polymalformations, the VACTERL syndrome and the cleft lip and palate. Cyanotic congenital heart disease was diagnosed in 34% of cases referred for cyanosis. The diagnosis of carditis was confirmed in 84.6% of children with clinical picture of rheumatic fever. In cases of malaise, dizziness and loss of consciousness, no abnormality was detected on DE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DE should be a complement to clinical exam, which is often sufficient to reveal a cardiac pathology. However, some conditions, where cardiovascular exam is normal require a DE. The question of when and why to request a DE must be a priority in the pediatric resident training program.
authors.affiliation: Départements de Pédiatrie, CHU Hôtel-Dieu de France, Achrafieh-Beyrouth & Rafik Hariri University Hospital, Jnah-Grand Beyrouth, Liban. ChehabGh@cyberia.net.lb
authors.forename: Ghassan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chéhab
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000293:Adolescent; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003490:Cyanosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006337:Heart Murmurs / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006748:Hospital Departments / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007396:Internship and Residency; D007861:Lebanon; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D009775:Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000193:education / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012214:Rheumatic Heart Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging