title: Criteria for the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome in patients presenting with dermatologic symptoms.
abstract: The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the occurrence of arterial and/or venous thromboembolic events and obstetric complications in the setting of circulating antiphospholipid antibodies. Dermatologic manifestations are commonly seen in APS with almost half of the patients exhibiting varied conditions such as ulceration, splinter hemorrhages, and livedo reticularis. In this paper, we report the case of a 12-year-old boy who was diagnosed with APS after presenting with livedo reticularis and positive antiphospholipid antibodies. We discuss the difficulty of diagnosing APS in patients presenting solely with dermatologic complaints, as these skin manifestations are not specific enough for APS to be included in the Sapporo diagnostic criteria. Proposed revisions to the Sapporo criteria to increase its specificity and sensitivity are also addressed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Yana L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Kriseman
authors.forename: Jason W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Nash
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hsu
mesh_terms: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000032:analysis; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D017445:Skin Diseases, Vascular / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid