title: Spontaneous activity of mouse detrusor smooth muscle and the effects of the urothelium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the detrusor muscle of the mouse urinary bladder in order to understand more precisely spontaneous contractile behavior of this organ. This study examined the spontaneous electrical activity and Ca(2+) dynamics of the detrusor smooth muscle and investigated the role of the urothelium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Detrusor smooth muscle strips were isolated from mouse bladders. The urothelium was either kept intact or removed. Changes in membrane potential were recorded using sharp electrode intracellular recording. To image Ca(2+) dynamics, tissue strips were exposed to 10 microM Oregon Green 488 BAPTA-1 AM for 70 min, and then image series were acquired with a laser-scanning confocal microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) Mouse detrusor smooth muscle cells (SMCs) generate nifedipine-sensitive spontaneous action potentials (sAPs) at a low frequency (1.3 +/- 0.9 min(-1), n = 11) in preparations with intact urothelium. This frequency increased when the urothelium was removed (7 +/- 8.3 min(-1), n = 17) (P < 0.05, Student's t test). (2) Frequent ATP-mediated spontaneous depolarizations were recorded in all cells. (3) The frequency of whole cell Ca(2+) flashes of detrusor smooth muscle cells was higher in preparations with the urothelium removed (median 1.2 min(-1), n = 7) than in urothelium denuded preparations (median 0.6 min(-1), n = 7) (P < 0.01, Mann-Whitney U-test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spontaneous activity of the mouse detrusor smooth muscles was characterized enabling future comparative work on gene knock-out strains. Evidence suggesting release of an inhibitory factor by the urothelium was apparent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. en.meng@gmail.com
authors.forename: En
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Alison F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Brading
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000502:physiology; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000502:physiology*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000502:physiology*; D019459:Urothelium / Q000502:physiology*