title: Structural and glycation site changes of albumin in diabetic patient with very high glycated albumin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glycated albumin (GA) has been utilized to monitor mid-term glycemic control, and reflects the status of blood glucose more rapidly and effectively than hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)). To examine the relationship between GA level and structural changes or glycation sites of albumin, we analyzed pre- and post-treatment samples from a diabetic patient with extraordinary increase of GA.
  
  
  METHODS
  A female diabetic patient with poor glycemic control had a GA >94% and was treated with intensive insulin therapy to decrease blood glucose. We analyzed changes in fluorescence derived from tryptophan (Trp) and advanced glycation end product (AGE) of albumin isolated/purified from pre- and post-treatment samples. To determine the sites of glycation of albumin, samples were carboxymethylated and digested by Glu-C endoprotease, and peptides were analyzed using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GA level decreased almost linearly and reflected the improved glycemic state well. Trp-related fluorescence of pre- and post-treated samples did not change while AGE-related fluorescence increased depending on GA level. Ten major glycation sites were detected in the pre-treatment sample, while 3 major glycation sites were detected in post-treated samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GA level reflects the status of blood glucose more rapidly than HbA(1c). Since GA level was related to AGE-related fluorescence and number of glycation sites, it might be a good marker for not only glycemic control of diabetic patients but also structural and functional changes of albumin.
authors.affiliation: Division of Central Laboratory, Daisan Hospital, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kisugi
authors.forename: Takuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kouzuma
authors.forename: Tamotsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Setsuko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akizuki
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Yasutoshi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Someya
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Ikurho
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005470:Fluorometry; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000093423:Glycated Serum Albumin
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D012709:Serum Albumin; D000093423:Glycated Serum Albumin