title: Biphasic modulation of insulin receptor substrate-1 during goitrogenesis.
abstract: Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) is the main intracellular substrate for both insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) receptors and is critical for cell mitogenesis. Thyrotropin is able to induce thyroid cell proliferation through the cyclic AMP intracellular cascade; however, the presence of either insulin or IGF-I is required for the mitogenic effect of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) to occur. The aim of the present study was to determine whether thyroid IRS-1 content is modulated by TSH in vivo. Strikingly, hypothyroid goitrous rats, which have chronically high serum TSH levels (control, C = 2.31 +/- 0.28; methimazole (MMI) 21d = 51.02 +/- 6.02 ng/mL, N = 12 rats), when treated with 0.03% MMI in drinking water for 21 days, showed significantly reduced thyroid IRS-1 mRNA content. Since goiter was already established in these animals by MMI for 21 days, we also evaluated IRS-1 expression during goitrogenesis. Animals treated with MMI for different periods of time showed a progressive increase in thyroid weight (C = 22.18 +/- 1.21; MMI 5d = 32.83 +/- 1.48; MMI 7d = 31.1 +/- 3.25; MMI 10d = 33.8 +/- 1.25; MMI 14d = 45.5 +/- 2.56; MMI 18d = 53.0 +/- 3.01; MMI 21d = 61.9 +/- 3.92 mg, N = 9-15 animals per group) and serum TSH levels (C = 1.57 +/- 0.2; MMI 5d = 9.95 +/- 0.74; MMI 7d = 10.38 +/- 0.84; MMI 10d = 17.72 +/- 1.47; MMI 14d = 25.65 +/- 1.23; MMI 18d = 35.38 +/- 3.69; MMI 21d = 31.3 +/- 2.7 ng/mL, N = 9-15 animals per group). Thyroid IRS-1 mRNA expression increased progressively during goitrogenesis, being significantly higher by the 14th day of MMI treatment, and then started to decline, reaching the lowest values by the 21st day, when a significant reduction was detected. In the liver of these animals, however, a significant decrease of IRS-1 mRNA was detected after 14 days of MMI treatment, a mechanism probably involved in the insulin resistance that occurs in hypothyroidism. The increase in IRS-1 expression during goitrogenesis may represent an important event associated with the increased rate of cell mitosis promoted by TSH and indicates that insulin and IGF-I are important co-mitogenic factors in vivo, possibly acting through the activation of IRS-1.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grozovsky
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Carvalho
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D006042:Goiter / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D008297:Male; D008713:Methimazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D008938:Mitosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; C526296:Irs1 protein, rat; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D008713:Methimazole; D013972:Thyrotropin