Safe apples for baby-food production: survey of pesticide treatment regimes leaving minimum residues.
A total of 19 pesticide preparations were used according to agricultural practice in six trials in apple orchards. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), premature Golden Delicious apples collected 64, 50, 36 days before harvest and mature fruit were examined for residues of active ingredients. No residues of triflumuron, triazamate, chlorpyrifos, etofenprox, fenoxycarb, kresoxim-methyl, cyprodinyl, difenoconazole or thiram were detected in the first sampling. Also, the levels of chlorpyrifos-methyl, penconazole, tebuconazole and tolylfluanid dropped during the pre-harvest interval. Detectable residues of pyridaben, thiacloprid, trifloxystrobin and tetraconazole in harvested fruits were below 0.01 mg kg(-1), which is the maximum concentration of residues acceptable by baby-food producers in any raw material. The only residues exceeding this concentration were captan and teflubenzuron. Based on the data, farmers can choose pesticides for optimal treatment of plants, while enabling growth of a safe crop suitable for baby-food production.
Ticha
Jana
J
Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 3, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
Hajslova
Jana
J
Kovalczuk
Tomas
T
Jech
Martin
M
Honzicek
Jiri
J
Kocourek
Vladimir
V
Lansky
Miroslav
M
Kloutvorova
Jana
J
Falta
Vladan
V
D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food / Q000592:standards*; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000592:standards; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods
D010573:Pesticide Residues; D010575:Pesticides