title: Cold-shock-induced de novo transcription and translation of infA and role of IF1 during cold adaptation.
abstract: Escherichia coli infA is transcribed from two promoters, P1 and P2, into a longer and a shorter mRNA encoding translation initiation factor IF1. Although P1 is intrinsically stronger than P2, the shorter half-life of its transcripts causes the steady-state level of the P2 transcript to be substantially higher than that of P1 during growth at 37 degrees C. After cold-shock, de novo transcription and translation of infA contribute to the transient increase of the IF1/ribosomes ratio, which is partially responsible for translational bias consisting in the preferential translation of cold-shock mRNAs in the cold. Cold-stress induction of infA expression is mainly due to the high activity of P1 at low temperature, which is further increased by transcriptional stimulation by CspA and by an increased transcript stability. Furthermore, the longer infA mRNA originating from P1 is preferentially translated at low temperature by the translational machinery of cold-shocked cells. The increased level of IF1 during cold adaptation is essential for overcoming the higher stability of the 70S monomers at low temperature and for providing a sufficient pool of dissociated 30S subunits capable of initiating translation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biology MCA, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy.
authors.forename: Mara
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giangrossi
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brandi
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Giuliodori
authors.forename: Claudio O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Gualerzi
authors.forename: Cynthia L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Pon
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D003080:Cold Temperature; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D007700:Kinetics; D039861:Prokaryotic Initiation Factor-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D020871:RNA Stability; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D043244:Ribonuclease III / Q000378:metabolism; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D039861:Prokaryotic Initiation Factor-1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins; D043244:Ribonuclease III