title: Coming to terms with ADHD: how urban African-American families come to seek care for their children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated how parents' interpretations of their child's disruptive or inattentive behaviors led them to seek medical care that resulted in a diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative, semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with parents of children who had been newly diagnosed as having ADHD (96% of the children were African American). The 26 participants were recruited from primary care, developmental and behavioral, and specialty mental health pediatric clinics affiliated with a large, urban teaching hospital. The analysis followed a grounded theory approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By the time that parents sought treatment for their child's ADHD, they had been through an extensive process to pinpoint their child's problems. Parents' conceptualizations emerged as they described their child's behavior, explained the situation, described how ADHD affected their children, and explained how they sought answers. Their reactions to the behavior and visions they had for their child's future reflected their motivation to manage the situation. Parents' conceptualization and management of the behaviors described the process of coming to terms with their child's ADHD and the need for care. Four distinct patterns describing this process emerged from the analysis: immediate resolution, pragmatic management, attributional ambivalence, and coerced conformance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is likely that clinicians' awareness of the different approaches by which families come to the decision to seek care for their child's ADHD will allow clinicians to provide more responsive care and better tailor interventions to improve therapeutic outcomes for children receiving mental health treatments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. sdosrei1@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: dosReis
authors.forename: Matthew P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Mychailyszyn
authors.forename: MaryAnne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: Anne W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Riley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008396:Maryland; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D014505:Urban Population