title: The development of an arm activity survey for breast cancer survivors using the Protection Motivation Theory.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current research evidence indicates that women should return to normal use of their arm after breast cancer surgery. However, it appears some women continue to hold the view that they are supposed to protect their arm from strenuous activities because of the risk of lymphoedema. Many factors contribute to women's perceptions about lymphoedema and their ability to use their affected arm, and it is the aim of this study to explore and understand these perceptions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey, based on the Protection Motivation Theory, has been developed and tested. The survey assesses whether subjective norms, fear and/or coping attributes predict women's intention to use their affected arm. In addition, the survey includes questions regarding cancer treatment and demographic characteristics, arm and chest symptoms, and arm function. Recruitment of 170 breast cancer survivors has begun at 3 cancer treatment sites in Sydney, Australia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study will identify perceptions that help predict the extent women use their affected arm. The results will also determine whether upper limb impairments arise secondary to over-protection of the affected arm. Identification of factors that limit arm use will enable appropriate prevention and better provision of treatment to improve upper limb outcomes.
authors.affiliation: School of Physiotherapy, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, Australia. tlee8503@mail.usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: Teresa S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sharon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Kilbreath
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Kathryn M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Refshauge
authors.forename: Jane M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Beith
mesh_terms: D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009042:Motivation; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D010465:Perception; D011582:Psychological Theory; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology*