title: On the relationship between fractal dimension and encounters in three-dimensional trajectories.
abstract: The encounter of individuals-prey, predators and mates-living in the surrounding environment is a fundamental process in the life of an organism. Along with the sensory abilities, this process will be regulated by the movement rules adopted by the individual. In this work we discuss the encounter-enhancement effect due to different natatorial modes by calculating the number of encounters realised by differently convoluted trajectories in two homogeneous distributions of particles. Using numerically generated trajectories representative of specific swimming behaviour, we demonstrate that high values of three-dimensional fractal dimension D(3D)(>1.9) are beneficial only at high concentration, whereas at low concentration less tortuous tracks (D(3D) approximately 1.5) are almost equally efficient. In the light of our results it is possible to better understand the behavioural adaptations evolved by individuals to thrive in their environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Naples "Parthenope", Via De Gasperi 5, 80133 Napoli, Italy. marco.uttieri@uniparthenope.it
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uttieri
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cianelli
authors.forename: J Rudi
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Strickler
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zambianchi
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D017709:Fractals; D008954:Models, Biological; D011235:Predatory Behavior; D012919:Social Behavior; D013550:Swimming