title: Inorganic arsenic exposure and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Mexico.
abstract: Inorganic arsenic exposure in drinking water has been recently related to diabetes mellitus. To evaluate this relationship the authors conducted in 2003, a case-control study in an arseniasis-endemic region from Coahuila, a northern state of Mexico with a high incidence of diabetes. The present analysis includes 200 cases and 200 controls. Cases were obtained from a previous cross-sectional study conducted in that region. Diagnosis of diabetes was established following the American Diabetes Association criteria, with two fasting glucose values > or = 126 mg/100 ml (> or = 7.0 mmol/l) or a history of diabetes treated with insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents. The next subject studied, subsequent to the identification of a case in the cross-sectional study was taken as control. Inorganic arsenic exposure was measured through total arsenic concentrations in urine, measured by hydride-generation atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Subjects with intermediate total arsenic concentration in urine (63.5-104 microg/g creatinine) had two-fold higher risk of having diabetes (odds ratio=2.16; 95% confidence interval: 1.23, 3.79), but the risk was almost three times greater in subjects with higher concentrations of total arsenic in urine (odds ratio=2.84; 95% confidence interval: 1.64, 4.92). This data provides additional evidence that inorganic arsenic exposure may be diabetogenic.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Epidemiologic Research Unit, General Regional Hospital 1 Gabriel Mancera, Mexican Institute of the Social Security, México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: José Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Coronado-González
authors.forename: Luz María
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Del Razo
authors.forename: Gonzalo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: García-Vargas
authors.forename: Francisca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sanmiguel-Salazar
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Escobedo-de la Peña
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020261:Arsenic Poisoning / Q000150:complications / Q000652:urine; D001152:Arsenicals / Q000652:urine*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000652:urine; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine; D014881:Water Supply / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D001152:Arsenicals; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical