title: C-type lectin DC-SIGN modulates Toll-like receptor signaling via Raf-1 kinase-dependent acetylation of transcription factor NF-kappaB.
abstract: Adaptive immune responses by dendritic cells (DCs) are critically controlled by Toll-like receptor (TLR) function. Little is known about modulation of TLR-specific signaling by other pathogen receptors. Here, we have identified a molecular signaling pathway induced by the C-type lectin DC-SIGN that modulates TLR signaling at the level of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. We demonstrated that pathogens trigger DC-SIGN on human DCs to activate the serine and threonine kinase Raf-1, which subsequently leads to acetylation of the NF-kappaB subunit p65, but only after TLR-induced activation of NF-kappaB. Acetylation of p65 both prolonged and increased IL10 transcription to enhance anti-inflammatory cytokine responses. We demonstrated that different pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. leprae, Candida albicans, measles virus, and human immunodeficiency virus-1 interacted with DC-SIGN to activate the Raf-1-acetylation-dependent signaling pathway to modulate signaling by different TLRs. Thus, this pathway is involved in regulation of adaptive immunity by DCs to bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sonja I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Gringhuis
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: den Dunnen
authors.forename: Manja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Litjens
authors.forename: Bert
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van Het Hof
authors.forename: Yvette
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: van Kooyk
authors.forename: Teunis B H
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Geijtenbeek
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D010768:Phosphoserine / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf / Q000378:metabolism*; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000378:metabolism; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D051198:Toll-Like Receptor 5 / Q000378:metabolism; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000099215:DC-Specific ICAM-3 Grabbing Nonintegrin
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D004247:DNA; D016753:Interleukin-10; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010768:Phosphoserine; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051198:Toll-Like Receptor 5; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D018631:ras Proteins; D000099215:DC-Specific ICAM-3 Grabbing Nonintegrin