title: The effect of modifying the self-etchant bonding protocol on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets when the self-etching primer (SEP) and the bracket adhesive are light cured either separately or simultaneously.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-five human molars were randomly divided into five equal groups. Brackets precoated with Transbond XT composite adhesive were used. The five protocols were: Group 1 (control), the SEP Transbond Plus was applied, brackets placed, and adhesive light cured for 20 seconds; Group 2, SEP Adper Prompt L-Pop was applied, light cured, brackets placed, and light cured; Group 3, the same SEP as in Group 2 was used, however, the SEP and bracket adhesive were light cured together; Group 4, SEP Clearfil S3 Bond was applied, light cured, brackets placed, and light cured; and Group 5, the same SEP as in group 4 was used, however, the SEP and the adhesive were light cured together. The teeth were debonded using a universal testing machine, and the enamel was examined for residual adhesive. Analysis of variance was used to compare the SBS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SBS of Clearfil S3 Bond after one light cure and two light cures were significantly greater than the bonds of brackets using Transbond Plus. Brackets bonded using Adper Prompt L-Pop after one light cure and two light cures were not significantly different from the other groups. The groups did not differ significantly in their bracket failure modes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Only one light curing application is needed to successfully bond brackets when using SEPs and adhesives. This approach can potentially reduce technique sensitivity as well as chair time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. sbishara@msn.com
authors.forename: Samir E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Bishara
authors.forename: Adam W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Ostby
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Laffoon
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Warren
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008422:Materials Testing; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D033081:Shear Strength
chemical_list: D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents