title: TIPS in Florida: is its application a result of evidence-based medicine?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The typical resident in surgery in the US will not care for a patient with advanced portal hypertension and will not participate in a portacaval shunt. The aim of this study is to compare the number of transjugular intrahepatic portasystemic stent shunts (TIPS) with the number of surgical shunts undertaken in the State of Florida and to assess whether these numbers are consistent with today's evidence-based medicine.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the database of the Agency for Health Care Administration of the State of Florida from January 1, 2002, through September 30, 2005, for "intraabdominal venous shunt" (ICD-9 code, 39.1). Data collected include "case mix," "case severity," length of stay, total gross charges, and discharge status. Conclusions about longterm survival from a prospective randomized clinical trial comparing TIPS to surgical shunting were applied to this dataset to determine if the relative frequency of TIPS application in Florida was supported by evidence-based medicine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TIPS was undertaken more than 12 times as often as surgical shunting (860 patients versus 70 patients). After TIPS versus surgical shunts, average length of stay and hospital charges were less, but case mix, case severity, and in-hospital mortality (11.4% for each) were not different. Applying survival data from a randomized trial comparing TIPS with surgical shunting to the State of Florida database, 129 more people (p < 0.0001) would be alive at 2 years and 137 more (p < 0.0001) would be alive at 5 years after shunting if surgical shunts had been used in lieu of TIPS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TIPS leads to shorter hospitalizations and reduced hospital charges and is applied in numbers much greater than surgical shunts, despite evidence that suggests inferior longterm efficacy and survival. Current application of TIPS is not a result of evidence-based medicine, and application of surgical shunting is encouraged.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL 33601, USA. arosemur@hsc.usf.edu
authors.forename: Alexander S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Rosemurgy
authors.forename: Daniel L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Molloy
authors.forename: Donald P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Thometz
authors.forename: Desiree V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Villadolid
authors.forename: Sarah M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Cowgill
authors.forename: Emmanuel E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Zervos
mesh_terms: D003953:Diagnosis-Related Groups; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D018579:Patient Selection; D019168:Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis