title: Abnormalities in the upper gastrointestinal tract in inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: The predominant histopathologic feature of inflammatory bowel disease is the infiltration of acute and chronic inflammatory cells, including polymorphonuclear neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes, in the affected intestine. Helicobacter pylori is recognized as the most common cause of upper gastrointestinal lesions, and Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis is characterized by increased numbers of acute and chronic inflammatory cells. The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease or Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis involves immunological abnormalities, including the deficient or excessive expression of cytokines. The chronic inflammatory process in patients with Crohn's disease may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, whereas ulcerative colitis affects mainly the colon and rectum. Here, we discuss abnormalities in the upper gastrointestinal tract in inflammatory bowel disease. Although the prevalence rate of Helicobacter pylori infection is low in Crohn's disease, these patients often have abnormalities in the upper gastrointestinal tract.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan. takafumia-gi@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nobata
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kusugami
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishiguro
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohmiya
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niwa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goto
mesh_terms: D018925:Chemokines / Q000502:physiology; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D041742:Upper Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines