title: Current indications and resultant complications of evisceration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evisceration is an alternative treatment modality to enucleation for many end-stage eye diseases. No study has addressed the indications for evisceration of eyes in Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study was to determine the current clinical indications for evisceration in patients at a tertiary eye care center and attempt clinicopathological correlation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical records of patients who had undergone evisceration at a tertiary eye care center over a 4-year period were reviewed retrospectively. The patients' demographic data and clinical indications for evisceration were studied, and the results from histopathological findings were correlated with the clinical diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Evisceration of the eyes was performed in 187 patients. Males outnumbered females in a ratio of 1.3:1 (105 males and 82 females). Blind painful eye was the primary presenting symptom in 117 (62.6%) patients and unsightly eye in 38 (20.3%) patients. Clinical indications for evisceration included endophthalmitis in 85 (45.5%), phthisis bulbi in 38 (20.3%), traumatic injury in 36 (19.2%), and glaucoma in 14 (7.5%) patients. Sixty-three patients (33.7%) had prior history of cataract surgery, penetrating keratoplasty, glaucoma surgery, or retina surgery. Clinicopathological correlation was 100% in cases with definite clinical diagnosis of endophthalmitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Blind painful eye, endophthalmitis, phthisis bulbi, severe traumatic injury, and glaucoma were the major indications for eviscerations in a tertiary eye care center.
authors.affiliation: Oculoplastic and Orbit Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. orbitdr@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Imtiaz A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Chaudhry
authors.forename: Hisham S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: AlKuraya
authors.forename: Farrukh A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Shamsi
authors.forename: Elsanusi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Elzaridi
authors.forename: Fenwick C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Riley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D017234:Eye Evisceration / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D017678:Sex Distribution