title: Density value means in the evaluation of external apical root resorption: an in vitro study for early detection in orthodontic case simulations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to develop an alternative diagnostic tool for the early detection of external apical root resorption (EARR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Mandibular incisors (n=36) with and without simulated EARR lesions were used. 18 teeth with facial and proximal windows, each with a range of 2 sizes, were placed in 6 N hydrochloric acid (HCl) baths for 10 min. A sample of the acid solution was analysed for calcium concentration by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Incisors were imaged at 80 degrees, 90 degrees and 100 degrees under 3 test conditions (bracketed, non-bracketed and with subtraction registration templates (SRTs)). The images were reconstructed and subtracted to determine the accuracy and sensitivity of the method. Quantified histograms for each subtracted image were constructed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At either an angle of 80 degrees or 100 degrees, the bracketed group had the largest mean standard deviation of the subtraction histograms while the SRT group had the smallest. Density values as a function of total calcium removed were plotted indicating a linear relationship between subtraction density units and calcium loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of the SRTs was significantly more accurate than the use of the brackets alone for digital subtraction radiography reconstructions. This model shows promise for detecting EARR prior to a noticeable decrease in root length. It may be useful for early detection of resorptive lesions during routine orthodontic treatment.
authors.affiliation: Indiana University School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Facial Development, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5186, USA. feraso@iupui.edu
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Eraso
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Parks
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Hohlt
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ofner
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000379:methods*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015519:Bone Density; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor; D016014:Linear Models; D019252:Radiography, Dental, Digital / Q000379:methods*; D012391:Root Resorption / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013382:Subtraction Technique; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium