title: Responses of digestive enzymes of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) to dietary cornstarch changes and metabolic inferences.
abstract: Digestive enzyme responses plus metabolic implications were studied in tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) fed isoproteic diets containing 28% crude protein, 3300 kcal of gross energy/kg and different amounts of cornstarch (30, 40 and 50%). Amylase, maltase, acid protease, trypsin and chymotrypsin from the alimentary tract were assayed. Plasma, liver and white muscle metabolites were gauged to profile metabolism of the fish. The alimentary tract of tambaqui is compartmentalized morphologically and enzymatically. Amylase was present through the gut; acid protease was detected in stomach; maltase, trypsin and chymotrypsin were found in pyloric caeca and proximal and distal intestine sections. Increase of cornstarch levels from 40 to 50% in the diet resulted in an increase in amylase and maltase. Trypsin and chymotrypsin were unresponsive to starch levels. Acid protease follows the protein/carbohydrate ratio decrease. The increase of dietary cornstarch resulted in liver glycogenesis and the increase in plasma triglycerides is suggestive of lipogenesis. Digestive biochemical responses of tambaqui correlated with changes of feeding plus the analyses of metabolic profile are assumed as a tool for optimizing diet formulation and are a clue to other feeding optimizations for freshwater tropical species.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís Km 235, CP 676, Sao Carlos, SP, CEP 13565-905 Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristina Ferro
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Corrêa
authors.forename: Lúcia Helena
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: de Aguiar
authors.forename: Lícia Maria
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Lundstedt
authors.forename: Gilberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moraes
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood; D000681:Amylases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D002918:Chymotrypsin / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000201:enzymology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry; D013213:Starch / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014357:Trypsin / Q000378:metabolism; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D014280:Triglycerides; D013213:Starch; D006003:Glycogen; D000681:Amylases; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases; D002918:Chymotrypsin; D014357:Trypsin; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases; D005947:Glucose