title: Rational approaches to the treatment of patients with interstitial cystitis.
abstract: Symptoms of interstitial cystitis can usually be successfully managed with heparinoid therapy to theoretically alter bladder urothelial abnormalities, and with oral medications to inhibit neural upregulation or to control mast cell dysfunction. Other forms of care ranging from intravesical therapy to endoscopic, percutaneous, or open surgery are options that may be used singly or in combination to optimize symptom reduction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York 11040, USA. rmoldwin@aol.com
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Moldwin
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Stanford
authors.forename: Matt T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000639:Amitriptyline / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D000529:Complementary Therapies; D018856:Cystitis, Interstitial / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006496:Heparinoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006919:Hydroxyzine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008160:Lumbosacral Plexus / Q000503:physiopathology; D010426:Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008517:Phytotherapy; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012996:Solutions
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D006496:Heparinoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D012996:Solutions; D000639:Amitriptyline; D006919:Hydroxyzine; D010426:Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester; D006493:Heparin; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide