title: Worthing physiological scoring system: derivation and validation of a physiological early-warning system for medical admissions. An observational, population-based single-centre study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several physiological scoring systems (PSS) have been proposed for identifying those at risk of deterioration. However, the chosen specific physiological values chosen and the scores allocated have not been prospectively validated. In this study, we investigate the relative contributions of the ventilatory frequency, heart rate, arterial pressure, temperature, oxygen saturation, and conscious level to mortality in order to devise a robust scoring system. All data were collected on admission to the emergency unit. Precise 'intervention-calling scores' could then be derived to trigger interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our observational, population-based single-centred study took place in a 602-bedded district general hospital. Patients admitted to the emergency care unit at Worthing general hospital during an initial study period between July and November 2003 (n = 3184) and a further validation period between October and November 2005 (n = 1102) were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that a ventilatory frequency > or = 20 min(-1), heart rate > or =102 min(-1), systolic blood pressure < or = 99 mm Hg, temperature <35.3 degrees C, oxygen saturation < or = 96%, and disturbed consciousness were associated with an increase in mortality. The Worthing PSS was developed from the regression coefficients associated with each variable. The model showed good discrimination with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.74, excluding age as a variable. The discrimination of this system was significantly better than the early-warning scoring system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A simple validated scoring system to predict mortality in medical patients with precise 'intervention-calling scores' has been developed.
authors.affiliation: Acute Medical Unit, Worthing Hospital, Worthing, West Sussex, UK.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Duckitt
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buxton-Thomas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cheek
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bewick
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Venn
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Forni
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001831:Body Temperature; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods*; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000628:therapy; D018450:Disease Progression; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006339:Heart Rate; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen