Common mental disorders and the built environment in Santiago, Chile.
BACKGROUND
There is growing research interest in the influence of the built environment on mental disorders.


OBJECTIVE
To estimate the variation in the prevalence of common mental disorders attributable to individuals and the built environment of geographical sectors where they live.


METHODS
A sample of 3870 adults (response rate 90%) clustered in 248 geographical sectors participated in a household cross-sectional survey in Santiago, Chile. Independently rated contextual measures of the built environment were obtained. The Clinical Interview Schedule was used to estimate the prevalence of common mental disorders.


RESULTS
There was a significant association between the quality of the built environment of small geographical sectors and the presence of common mental disorders among its residents. The better the quality of the built environment, the lower the scores for psychiatric symptoms; however, only a small proportion of the variation in common mental disorder existed at sector level, after adjusting for individual factors.


CONCLUSIONS
Findings from our study, using a contextual assessment of the quality of the built environment and multilevel modelling in the analysis, suggest these associations may be more marked in non-Western settings with more homogeneous geographical sectors.
Araya
Ricardo
R
Division of Psychiatry, University of Bristol, Cotham House, Cotham Hill, Bristol BS6 6JL, UK. r.araya@bristol.ac.uk
Montgomery
Alan
A
Rojas
Graciela
G
Fritsch
Rosemarie
R
Solis
Jaime
J
Signorelli
Andres
A
Lewis
Glyn
G
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002677:Chile / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004779:Environment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000145:classification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014504:Urban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data