title: Effects of the adenosine A2A receptor antagonist SCH 58621 on cyclooxygenase-2 expression, glial activation, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor availability in a rat model of striatal neurodegeneration.
abstract: Inhibition of adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) is neuroprotective in several experimental models of striatal diseases. However, the mechanisms elicited by A2AR blockade are only partially known, and critical aspects about the potential beneficial effects of A2AR antagonism in models of neurodegeneration still await elucidation. In the present study, we analyzed the influence of the selective A2AR antagonist SCH 58261 in a rat model of striatal excitotoxicity obtained by unilateral intrastriatal injection of quinolinic acid (QA). We found that SCH 58261 differently affected the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) induced by QA in cortex and striatum. The antagonist enhanced COX-2 expression in cortical neurons and prevented it in striatal microglia-like cells. Similarly, SCH 58261 differently regulated astrogliosis and microglial activation in the 2 brain regions. In addition, the A2AR antagonist prevented the QA-induced increase in striatal brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. Because COX-2 activity has been linked to excitotoxic processes and because brain-derived neurotrophic factor depletion has been observed in mouse models as well as in patients with Huntington disease, we suggest that the final outcome of A2AR blockade (namely neuroprotection vs neurodegeneration) is likely to depend on the balance among its various and region-specific effects.
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy. luisa.minghetti@iss.it
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Minghetti
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Greco
authors.forename: Rosa Luisa
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Potenza
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pezzola
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Blum
authors.forename: Kadiombo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bantubungi
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Popoli
mesh_terms: D058917:Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists; D000818:Animals; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000187:drug effects; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000378:metabolism; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017378:Quinolinic Acid; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C098657:5-amino-7-(2-phenylethyl)-2-(2-furyl)pyrazolo(4,3-e)-1,2,4-triazolo(1,5-c)pyrimidine; D058917:Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D005609:Free Radicals; D011453:Prostaglandins; D011743:Pyrimidines; D014230:Triazoles; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D017378:Quinolinic Acid