title: Metabolic bone disease in gastrointestinal illness.
abstract: Metabolic bone disease is often silent, often undiagnosed, and occurs frequently in patients with chronic gastrointestinal illnesses. Potentially modifiable risk factors, such as malnutrition, malabsorption, prolonged use of glucocorticoids, and a sedentary lifestyle, can lead to low bone mass, an increased rate of bone loss, and debilitating bone disease. This article explores common gastrointestinal illnesses that place patients at risk for developing metabolic bone disease. Concepts are presented to assist the practitioner in identifying patients at risk; clinical evaluation and diagnostic test selection are discussed, and therapeutic options for the prevention and treatment of metabolic bone disease in gastrointestinal illness are presented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, A 30, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. Susan.E.Williams@wright.edu
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Douglas L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Seidner
mesh_terms: D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D015519:Bone Density; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D005743:Gastrectomy; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D009748:Nutrition Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery