title: Eurotiomycetes: Eurotiomycetidae and Chaetothyriomycetidae.
abstract: The class Eurotiomycetes (Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina) is a monophyletic group comprising two major clades of very different ascomycetous fungi: (i) the subclass Eurotiomycetidae, a clade that contains most of the fungi previously recognized as Plectomycetes because of their mostly enclosed ascomata and prototunicate asci; and (ii) the subclass Chaetothyriomycetidae, a group of fungi that produce ascomata with an opening reminiscent of those produced by Dothideomycetes or Sordariomycetes. In this paper we use phylogenetic analyses based on data available from the Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life project (AFTOL), in addition to sequences in GenBank, to outline this important group of fungi. The Eurotiomycetidae include producers of toxic and useful secondary metabolites, fermentation agents used to make food products and enzymes, xerophiles and psychrophiles, and the important genetics model Aspergillus nidulans. The Chaetothyriomycetidae include the common black yeast fungi, some of which are pathogens of humans and animals, as well as some primarily lichenized groups newly found to be phylogenetically associated with this group. The recently proposed order Mycocaliciales shows a sister relationship with Eurotiomycetes. The great majority of human pathogenic Pezizomycotina are Eurotiomycetes, particularly in Eurotiales, Onygenales and Chaetothyriales. Due to their broad importance in basic research, industry and public health, several genome projects have focused on species in Onygenales and Eurotiales.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA. dgeiser@psu.edu
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Geiser
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gueidan
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miadlikowska
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lutzoni
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kauff
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hofstetter
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fraker
authors.forename: Conrad L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Schoch
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tibell
authors.forename: Wendy A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Untereiner
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aptroot
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000145:classification* / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D004463:Ecology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020648:Peptide Elongation Factor 1 / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000235:genetics; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S / Q000235:genetics; D012339:RNA, Ribosomal, 28S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017385:Sequence Homology
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D020648:Peptide Elongation Factor 1; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S; D012339:RNA, Ribosomal, 28S; D012319:RNA Polymerase II