title: Perspective on orbital enucleation implants.
abstract: The philosophy and design of orbital enucleation implants have evolved significantly over the past 50 years. Animal studies and improved imaging techniques have changed our understanding about the physiology and anatomy of the post-enucleation orbit. Changes in implant design and biomaterials have reduced complication rates. It is our impression that for many ophthalmic professionals in training, the rational behind the current thinking in implant design and biomaterials is unclear. This is in part related to the older literature on orbital enucleation implants, which is scattered and at times contradictory. This review aims to present the historical information in a coherent and concise form; provide evidence based review of changes in the practice patterns of enucleation; identify areas of continuing controversy; and highlight gaps in the scientific literature about orbital implants, in particular, the poor understanding of implant and prosthesis motility.
authors.affiliation: Division of Ophthalmology, Pediatric Subspecialty Faculty, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California 92868, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sami
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Petersen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015353:Eye Enucleation / Q000266:history; D005133:Eye Movements; D005137:Eye, Artificial; D049668:History, 15th Century; D049669:History, 16th Century; D049670:History, 17th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D020273:Orbital Implants / Q000266:history