title: Differential encoding of losses and gains in the human striatum.
abstract: Studies on human monetary prediction and decision making emphasize the role of the striatum in encoding prediction errors for financial reward. However, less is known about how the brain encodes financial loss. Using Pavlovian conditioning of visual cues to outcomes that simultaneously incorporate the chance of financial reward and loss, we show that striatal activation reflects positively signed prediction errors for both. Furthermore, we show functional segregation within the striatum, with more anterior regions showing relative selectivity for rewards and more posterior regions for losses. These findings mirror the anteroposterior valence-specific gradient reported in rodents and endorse the role of the striatum in aversive motivational learning about financial losses, illustrating functional and anatomical consistencies with primary aversive outcomes such as pain.
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL, London, United Kingdom. bseymour@fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Seymour
authors.forename: Nathaniel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Daw
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dayan
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: Ray
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dolan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000502:physiology*; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D012201:Reward