title: Neuronal expression of muskelin in the rodent central nervous system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The kelch repeat protein muskelin mediates cytoskeletal responses to the extracellular matrix protein thrombospondin 1, (TSP1), that is known to promote synaptogenesis in the central nervous system (CNS). Muskelin displays intracellular localization and affects cytoskeletal organization in adherent cells. Muskelin is expressed in adult brain and has been reported to bind the Cdk5 activator p39, which also facilitates the formation of functional synapses. Since little is known about muskelin in neuronal tissues, we here analysed the tissue distribution of muskelin in rodent brain and analysed its subcellular localization using cultured neurons from multiple life stages.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our data show that muskelin transcripts and polypeptides are expressed throughout the central nervous system with significantly high levels in hippocampus and cerebellum, a finding that resembles the tissue distribution of p39. At the subcellular level, muskelin is found in the soma, in neurite projections and the nucleus with a punctate distribution in both axons and dendrites. Immunostaining and synaptosome preparations identify partial localization of muskelin at synaptic sites. Differential centrifugation further reveals muskelin in membrane-enriched, rather than cytosolic fractions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that muskelin represents a multifunctional protein associated with membranes and/or large protein complexes in most neurons of the central nervous system. These data are in conclusion with distinct roles of muskelin's functional interaction partners.
authors.affiliation: Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, ZMNH, Universität Hamburg, Germany. nadia_tagnaouti@yahoo.fr <nadia_tagnaouti@yahoo.fr>
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tagnaouti
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Loebrich
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Heisler
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pechmann
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fehr
authors.forename: Adèle
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Arcangelis
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Georges-Labouesse
authors.forename: Josephine C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kneussel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C503019:MKLN1 protein, human