title: Duration of diabetes and screening coverage for retinopathy among patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite reporting of the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy(1) and the Diabetic Retinopathy Awareness Program(2) that diabetes duration was a significant predictor for adherence to vision care guidelines, reports of estimates of screening coverage for diabetic retinopathy taking into account diabetes duration have been lagging. This article estimates considering diabetes duration, the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and screening coverage for diabetic retinopathy among type 2 diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  As part of a treatment program at a High-Resolution Diabetes Center in Spain, type 2 diabetic patients attending the center from January 2003 to January 2005 were invited to participate in the study. Data on age, sex, and diabetes were recorded into a questionnaire, as was information about previous eye examinations. Polaroid(R) photographs were taken of the eye fundus with the poorest visual acuity using a nonmydriatic retinal camera.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 217 type 2 diabetic patients entered the program. The average age and duration of diabetes was 60.9 years and 7 years, respectively. Screening coverage for diabetic retinopathy was higher in those with a longer duration of diabetes (chi(2) = 36.5; p = 0.001). Fifty percent of patients had developed some retinopathy within the first 5 years after the diagnosis of the disease, but only 26.1% had received a previous fundus examination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results argue for screening programs for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus focused on the subgroup of patients with diabetes duration of 5 years or less.
authors.affiliation: European Innovative Biomedicine Institute, Castro-Urdiales (Cantabria), Spain. esoto@eibi.es
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Soto-Pedre
authors.forename: Maria C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hernaez-Ortega
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Piniés
mesh_terms: D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010781:Photography; D015995:Prevalence; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D015351:Vision Screening / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*