title: Agonist-dependent consequences of proline to alanine substitution in the transmembrane helices of the calcitonin receptor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transmembrane proline (P) residues in family A G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) form functionally important kinks in their helices. These residues are little studied in family B GPCRs but experiments with the VPAC1 receptor and calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CL) show parallels with family A receptors. We sought to determine the function of these residues in the insert negative form of the human calcitonin receptor, a close relative of CL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Proline residues within the transmembrane domains of the calcitonin receptor (P246, P249, P280, P326, P336) were individually mutated to alanine (A) using site-directed mutagenesis. Receptors were transiently transfected into Cos-7 cells using polyethylenimine and salmon and human calcitonin-induced cAMP responses measured. Salmon and human calcitonin competition binding experiments were also performed and receptor cell-surface expression assessed by whole cell ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  P246A, P249A and P280A were wild-type in terms of human calcitonin-induced cAMP activation. P326A and P336A had reduced function (165 and 12-fold, respectively). In membranes, human calcitonin binding was not detectable for any mutant receptor but in whole cells, binding was detected for all mutants apart from P326A. Salmon calcitonin activated mutant and wild-type receptors equally, although B(max) values were reduced for all mutants apart from P326A.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  P326 and P336 are important for the function of human calcitonin receptors and are likely to be involved in generating receptor conformations appropriate for agonist binding and receptor activation. However, agonist-specific effects were observed , implying distinct conformations of the human calcitonin receptor.
authors.affiliation: Proteomics & Biomedicine Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hay
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine / Q000502:physiology*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution / Q000502:physiology*; D000682:Amyloid / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D058228:Islet Amyloid Polypeptide; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D011392:Proline / Q000502:physiology*; D011869:Radioligand Assay; D058261:Receptor Activity-Modifying Proteins; D018003:Receptors, Calcitonin / Q000819:agonists* / Q000235:genetics*; D012474:Salmon; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000682:Amyloid; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D058228:Islet Amyloid Polypeptide; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D058261:Receptor Activity-Modifying Proteins; D018003:Receptors, Calcitonin; D002116:Calcitonin; D004247:DNA; D011392:Proline; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D000409:Alanine