title: Regulation of the germinal center response by microRNA-155.
abstract: MicroRNAs are small RNA species involved in biological control at multiple levels. Using genetic deletion and transgenic approaches, we show that the evolutionarily conserved microRNA-155 (miR-155) has an important role in the mammalian immune system, specifically in regulating T helper cell differentiation and the germinal center reaction to produce an optimal T cell-dependent antibody response. miR-155 exerts this control, at least in part, by regulating cytokine production. These results also suggest that individual microRNAs can exert critical control over mammalian differentiation processes in vivo.
authors.affiliation: CBR Institute for Biomedical Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: To-Ha
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Thai
authors.forename: Dinis Pedro
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Calado
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Casola
authors.forename: K Mark
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Ansel
authors.forename: Changchun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Yingzi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Frendewey
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Valenzuela
authors.forename: Jeffery L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kutok
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmidt-Supprian
authors.forename: Nikolaus
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rajewsky
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yancopoulos
authors.forename: Anjana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rajewsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018858:Germinal Center / Q000276:immunology*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053308:Lymphotoxin-beta / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D009596:Nitrophenols / Q000276:immunology; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000276:immunology; D010648:Phenylacetates; D027041:Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; C505887:Ltb protein, mouse; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha; D053308:Lymphotoxin-beta; D035683:MicroRNAs; D009596:Nitrophenols; D010648:Phenylacetates; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C026242:4-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl acetic acid