title: Survival and major neurodevelopmental impairment in extremely low gestational age newborns born 1990-2000: a retrospective cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is important to determine if rates of survival and major neurodevelopmental impairment in extremely low gestational age newborns (ELGANs; infants born at 23-27 weeks gestation) are changing over time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study infants were born at 23 to 27 weeks of gestation without congenital anomalies at a tertiary medical center between July 1, 1990 and June 30, 2000, to mothers residing in a thirteen-county region in North Carolina. Outcomes at one year adjusted age were compared for two epochs of birth: epoch 1, July 1, 1990 to June 30, 1995; epoch 2, July 1, 1995 to June 30, 2000. Major neurodevelopmental impairment was defined as cerebral palsy, Bayley Scales of Infant Development Mental Developmental Index more than two standard deviations below the mean, or blindness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Survival of ELGANs, as a percentage of live births, was 67% [95% confidence interval: (61, 72)] in epoch 1 and 71% (65, 75) in epoch 2. Major neurodevelopmental impairment was present in 20% (15, 27) of survivors in epoch 1 and 14% (10, 20) in epoch 2. When adjusted for gestational age, survival increased [odds ratio 1.5 (1.0, 2.2), p = .03] and major neurodevelopmental impairment decreased [odds ratio 0.54 (0.31, 0.93), p = .02] from epoch 1 to epoch 2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The probability of survival increased while that of major neurodevelopmental impairment decreased during the 1990's in this regionally based sample of ELGANs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. liwashbu@wfubmc.edu
authors.forename: Lisa K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Washburn
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Dillard
authors.forename: Donald J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Kurt L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Klinepeter
authors.forename: Raye-Ann
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: deRegnier
authors.forename: Thomas Michael
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: O'Shea
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009657:North Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis