title: Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for subthreshold depression in people over 50 years old: a randomized controlled clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Subthreshold depression is a highly prevalent condition and a risk factor for developing a major depressive episode. Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy may be a promising approach for the treatment of subthreshold depression. The current study had two aims: (1) to determine whether an internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy intervention and a group cognitive behaviour therapy intervention are more effective than a waiting-list control group; and (2) to determine whether the effect of the internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy differs from the group cognitive behaviour therapy intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 191 women and 110 men with subthreshold depression were randomized into internet-based treatment, group cognitive behaviour therapy (Lewinsohn's Coping With Depression course), or a waiting-list control condition. The main outcome measure was treatment response after 10 weeks, defined as the difference in pre- and post-treatment scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Missing data, a major limitation of this study, were imputed using the Multiple Imputation (MI) procedure Data Augmentation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the waiting-list control group, we found a pre- to post-improvement effect size of 0.45, which was 0.65 in the group cognitive behaviour therapy condition and 1.00 within the internet-based treatment condition. Helmert contrasts showed a significant difference between the waiting-list condition and the two treatment conditions (p=0.04) and no significant difference between both treatment conditions (p=0.62).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An internet-based intervention may be at least as effective as a commonly used group cognitive behaviour therapy intervention for subthreshold depression in people over 50 years of age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Health, Tilburg University, The Netherlands. v.r.m.spek@uvt.nl
authors.forename: Viola
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Spek
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nyklícek
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Smits
authors.forename: Pim
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cuijpers
authors.forename: Heleen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Riper
authors.forename: Jules
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Keyzer
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pop
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011615:Psychotherapy, Group; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted; D016896:Treatment Outcome