title: Effect of various cyclodextrins on photodegradation of a hydrophobic herbicide in aqueous suspensions of different soil colloidal components.
abstract: This paper investigated the photochemical behaviour of the herbicide norflurazon (NFL) in the presence of different soil colloidal components and several cyclodextrins (CDs). The interaction of NFL with CDs yielded the formation of inclusion complexes at 1:1 stoichiometric ratio in solution, with an increase of the herbicide solubility. The irradiation of NFL aqueous solutions in the presence of CDs showed that the higher the formation constant of NFL-CD complexes (Kc) and their solubility, the higher their photocatalytic effects, following the CDs in the order: RAMEB>HPBCD>beta-CD>alpha-CD>gamma-CD. The presence of the different soil colloidal components in aqueous suspension provoked the reduction of the NFL photodegradation rate, due to a screening effect, especially when goethite and humic acids were present. No disappearance of NFL was detected in parallel studies carried out in the dark, except in the case of humic acids, where a 5% adsorption of the initial amount of NFL was adsorbed in the dark control. The presence of the different CDs in such systems showed an inductive photodegradation effect on the herbicide. This could be largely explained by the inclusion effects of CDs in catalyzing interactions between NFL and certain reactive radicals generated by the different colloidal components. Although this work was carried out at laboratory scale and therefore, has limited applications, it reveals that cyclodextrins increase solubilization of hydrophobic herbicides and could lead to their increased photodegradation. This could be a promising method for pesticide-contaminated water remediation. However, it is important to consider the effect of the soil colloidal components in the different aquatic systems and their concentrations, since they can alter the photodegradative effects of the cyclodextrins.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología (CSIC), Apdo 1052, 41080 Sevilla, Spain. jvillaverde@irnase.csic.es
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Villaverde
authors.forename: Celia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maqueda
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Undabeytia
authors.forename: Esmeralda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morillo
mesh_terms: D003102:Colloids; D003505:Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D006540:Herbicides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D011724:Pyridazines / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012987:Soil; D012995:Solubility; D012996:Solutions; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D018505:Waste Management / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D003102:Colloids; D003505:Cyclodextrins; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D006540:Herbicides; D011724:Pyridazines; D012987:Soil; D012996:Solutions; C008677:norflurazone