title: Use of the cytosensor microphysiometer to predict results of a 21-day cumulative irritation patch test in humans.
abstract: The cytosensor microphysiometer (mu phi) was investigated as a rapid, relatively inexpensive test to predict performance of skin cleansing wipes on the human 21-day cumulative irritation patch test (21CIPT). It indirectly measures metabolic rate changes in L929 cells as a function of test article dose, by measuring the acidification rate in a low-buffer medium. The dose producing a 50% reduction in metabolic rate (MRD50), relative to the baseline rate, is used as a measure of toxicity. The acute toxicity of the mu phi assay can be compared to the chronic toxicity of the 21CIPT, which is based largely on the exposure of test agents to the epidermal cells, resulting in damage and penetration of the stratum corneum leading to cell toxicity. Two series of surfactant-based cleansing wipe products were tested via the mu phi assay and 21CIPT. The first series, consisting of 20 products, was used to determine a prediction model. The second series of 38 products consisted of routine product development formulas or marketed products. Comparing the results from both tests, samples with an MRD50 greater than 50 mg/ml provided a 21CIPT score consistent with a product that performs satisfactorily in the market. When the MRD50 was greater than 78 mg/ml, the 21CIPT score was usually zero. The mu phi may be more sensitive than the 21CIPT for ranking minimally irritating materials. The mu phi assay is useful as a screen for predicting the performance of a wet wipes formula on the 21CIPT, and concurrently reduces the use of animals for safety testing in a product development program for cleansing wipes.
authors.affiliation: Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Neenah, WI, USA. clarus@tds.net
authors.forename: Wendell E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Landin
authors.forename: Greg C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Mun
authors.forename: Raymond W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Nims
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Harbell
mesh_terms: D000826:Animal Testing Alternatives; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D017453:Dermatitis, Irritant / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D010328:Patch Tests / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D023422:Skin Irritancy Tests / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D003358:Cosmetics; D013501:Surface-Active Agents