title: Anti-adherent and antifungal activities of surfactant-coated poly(ethylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles.
abstract: Application of non-drug-loaded poly(ethylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles (NP) to buccal epithelial cells (BEC) imparted both anti-adherent and antifungal effects. NP prepared using emulsion polymerisation and stabilised using cationic, anionic and non-ionic surfactants decreased Candida albicans blastospore adhesion, an effect attributable to the peripheral coating of surfactant. Cetrimide and Pluronic P123 were shown to be most effective, producing mean percentage reductions in blastospore adherence of 52.7 and 37.0, respectively. Resultant zeta potential matched the polarity of the surfactant, with those stabilised using cetrimide being especially positive (+31.3 mV). Preparation using anionic surfactants was shown to be problematic, with low yield and wide particle size distribution. Evaluation of the antifungal effect of the peripheral coat was evaluated using zones of inhibition and viable counts assays. The former test revealed poor surfactant diffusion through agar, but did show evidence of limited kill. However, the latter method showed that cationic surfactants associated with NP produced high levels of kill, in contrast to those coated with anionic surfactants, where kill was not evident. Non-ionic surfactant-coated NP produced intermediate kill rates. Results demonstrate that surfactant-coated NP, particularly the cationic types, form the possible basis of a prophylactic formulation that primes the candidal target (BEC) against fungal adhesion and infection.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Queens University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK. p.mccarron@qub.ac.uk
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: McCarron
authors.forename: Ryan F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Donnelly
authors.forename: Waleed
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Marouf
authors.forename: Deborah E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Calvert
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity; D000077286:Cetrimonium; D002593:Cetrimonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D003487:Cyanoacrylates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology; D053758:Nanoparticles; D010316:Particle Size; D011060:Poloxalene / Q000494:pharmacology; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D002593:Cetrimonium Compounds; D003487:Cyanoacrylates; D004337:Drug Carriers; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C007166:cyacrin; C464484:pluronic block copolymer P123; D011060:Poloxalene; D000077286:Cetrimonium