title: Orbital blood flow velocities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess orbital blood flow changes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using Doppler sonography.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study comprised 35 patients who were diagnosed with RA and were treated at the Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation at Duzce Medical School. A control group consisted of 35 healthy volunteers. Color Doppler imaging was used to measure peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end diastolic velocity (EDV), from which the resistance index (RI) was calculated in the ophthalmic artery (OA), central retinal artery (CRA), and posterior ciliary arteries (PCAs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the OA, PSV, EDV, and RI were, respectively, 36.7 +/- 0.6 cm/sec, 9.7 +/- 0.2 cm/sec, and 0.73 in the control group versus 34.7 +/- 3.0 cm/sec, 9.1 +/- 1.1 cm/sec, and 0.74 in the patient group. In the CRA, they were, respectively, 11.8 +/- 1.7 cm/sec, 3.6 +/- 0.7 cm/sec, and 0.66 in the control group versus 11.1 +/- 1.7 cm/sec, 3.4 +/- 0.7 cm/sec, and 0.68 in the patient group. In the PCAs, they were, respectively, 13.2 +/- 1.2 cm/sec, 4.7 +/- 0.6 cm/sec, and 0.65 in the control group versus 12.4 +/- 1.2 cm/sec, 4.2 +/- 0.6 cm/sec, and 0.66 in the PCAs. PSV, EDV, and RI of the PCAs and OA and RI of the CRA were significantly different between patients and controls, whereas there was no difference in the serum levels of glucose, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol. In the patient group, there was a significant correlation between orbital blood flow and duration of disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ocular blood flow appears to be slightly lower in RA patients than in healthy controls, suggesting that RA is a systemic inflammatory disease that may also involve ocular vessels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Duzce Medical School, A.I.B.U Düzce Tip Fakültesi Hastanesi Radyoloji AD, Konuralp, 81620 Duzce, Turkey.
authors.forename: Besir
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Erdogmus
authors.forename: Selma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yazici
authors.forename: Burhan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yazici
authors.forename: Safinaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ataoglu
authors.forename: Ramazan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buyukkaya
authors.forename: Harun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yuksel
authors.forename: Sibel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001786:Blood Glucose; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D019842:Ciliary Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009880:Ophthalmic Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D009915:Orbit / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012161:Retinal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol