title: Evaluation of a quantitative D-dimer latex immunoassay for acute pulmonary embolism diagnosed by computed tomographic angiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the sensitivity and specificity of a quantitative plasma fibrin D-dimer latex immunoassay (LIA) for the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study subjects were Mayo Clinic Rochester inpatients and outpatients with suspected acute pulmonary embolism; all had undergone quantitative D-dimer LIA testing and multidetector-row computed tomographic (CT) angiography between August 3, 2001, and November 10, 2003. Multidetector-row CT angiography was the diagnostic reference standard.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 1355 CT studies, 208 (15%) were positive for acute pulmonary embolism. Median D-dimer levels were significantly higher for patients with acute pulmonary embolism (1425 ng/mL) than for patients without (500 ng/mL) (P<.001). The highest specificity that optimizes sensitivity for acute pulmonary embolism was achieved by using a discriminant value of 300 ng/mL, which yielded a sensitivity of 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89-0.97), a specificity of 0.27 (95% CI, 0.25-0.30), and a negative predictive value of 0.96 (95% CI, 0.93-0.98).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The quantitative D-dimer LIA with a discriminant value of 300 ng/mL had high sensitivity and high negative predictive value but low specificity for the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism. On the basis of these results, we believe that a negative quantitative D-dimer LIA result and a low pretest probability of thromboembolism together are sufficient to exclude acute pulmonary embolism.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. froehling.david@mayo.edu
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Froehling
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Daniels
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Swensen
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Heit
authors.forename: Jayawant N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Mandrekar
authors.forename: Jay H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Peter L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Elkin
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000792:Angiography / Q000379:methods; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012372:ROC Curve; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; C036309:fibrin fragment D