title: Evaluating the effects of supplemental B vitamins in practical swine diets during the starter and grower-finisher periods--a regional study.
abstract: Two experiments were conducted to evaluate dietary fortification levels of a B vitamin pre-mix for starter and grower-finisher pigs on subsequent performance responses. The objective was to determine whether the modern pig requires higher dietary levels of B vitamins than estimated by the NRC (1998). Both experiments added fat-soluble vitamins at the requirement levels (NRC, 1998) in all diets, whereas the B vitamins were added at 0, 100, 200, or 400% of the total NRC (1998) requirement levels for the starter and grower pig. Indigenous vitamin contributions from the feed grains were not included in the estimates. Each station used the same vitamin premixes but incorporated its own grain sources in the diets. The first experiment was conducted across 7 stations (Indiana, Ohio, Oklahoma, Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, Texas) and involved 660 pigs in a randomized complete block design in 30 replicates. Complex nursery diets were fed in 2 phases. The first phase (0 to 14 d postweaning) and second phase (15 to 35 d postweaning) diets were formulated to Lys (total) levels of 1.50 and 1.30%, respectively. The results demonstrated no performance response to addition of B vitamins from 0 to 14 d post-weaning, but performances increased quadratically (P < 0.01) to the 100% NRC level from 14 to 35 d postweaning and for the overall 35-d period. The second experiment was conducted across 3 stations (Ohio, Nebraska, and South Dakota) and involved 216 pigs in a randomized complete block design in 10 replicates. Corn-soybean meal mixtures were fed in 3 phases formulated to total Lys levels of 1.30% (23 to 55 kg of BW), 1.00% (55 to 85 kg of BW), and 0.78% (85 to 120 kg of BW). Pig performances increased (P < 0.01) to the 100% B vitamin level from 23 to 85 kg of BW, but there was no response to any level from 85 to 120 kg of BW. Carcass measurements demonstrated a greater LM area (P < 0.01) and a lower backfat depth (P < 0.01) to the 100% B vitamin level. One station evaluated an additional treatment (3 replicates) in which each replicate was fed a fifth diet containing the 100% dietary level of B vitamins from 23 to 85 kg of BW whereupon the B vitamins were removed from 85 to 120 kg of BW. This removal did not reduce pig performance responses for the final period or for the overall period. The results demonstrated that supplementation of B vitamins at the 100% total NRC levels for starter and grower pigs was sufficient to meet their needs, and there was no further improvement to or deleterious effect to greater dietary levels.
authors.affiliation: The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA. mahan.3@osu.edu
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Mahan
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Cline
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Nelssen
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Veum
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014803:Vitamin B Complex / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014886:Weaning; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D014803:Vitamin B Complex