title: Prevalence and clinical features of the mitochondrial m.1555A>G mutation in Taiwanese patients with idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss and association of haplogroup F with low penetrance in three families.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The m.1555A>G mutation in the mitochondria 12S rRNA gene has been reported to be an important cause of nonsyndromic hereditary hearing loss. However, remarkable interfamilial and intrafamilial variations in the phenotypes of the mutation preclude precise prognosis during genetic counseling. Hence, this study was performed to explore the factors that might contribute to the differences in the phenotypes, including aminoglycoside exposure, mutation load and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) background. Also reported were the prevalence and the clinical features of the m.1555A>G mutation in the hearing-impaired Taiwanese patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mutations in the 12S rRNA gene were screened in a panel of 315 unrelated Taiwanese families with idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss. The clinical features in families with m.1555A>G mutation were analyzed, and the roles of aminoglycoside exposure, mutation load and mtDNA background in disease expression were investigated. Penetrance was then compared among families with different mtDNA backgrounds.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The m.1555A>G mutation was identified in a total of 10 (3.2%) families, and was characterized clinically by progressive, postlingual and bilaterally symmetric sensorineural hearing loss and normal temporal bone radiological results. The m.1555A>G mutation was homoplasmic (i.e., all the mitochondrial DNA carries the mutation) in all the matrilineal relatives in these 10 pedigrees. Among the 44 hearing-impaired relatives of the 10 pedigrees, only two recalled definite episodes of aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss. mtDNA backgrounds in these 10 families could be categorized into 6 main haplogroups (A, B, D, F, M7, N*), including three families belonging to haplogroup F, two belonging to haplogroup A, two belonging to haplogroup M7, and three belonging to haplogroups B, N* and D, respectively. Penetrance differed among various haplogroups, and certain haplogroups appeared to be associated with a lower penetrance, like the three haplogroup F families, in which the penetrance ranged from 13 to 33%. Further analysis confirmed a heterogeneous distribution of hearing-impaired subjects among various haplogroups (Chi-square test, p = 0.018).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mitochondrial m.1555A>G mutation accounted for 3.2% of the Taiwanese families (0% of the simplex families and 11% of multiplex families respectively) with sensorineural hearing impairment of unknown etiology. Since it was identified in a variety of mtDNA backgrounds, the mutation appeared to arise from multiple origins in Taiwanese. As subjects with various haplogroups demonstrated different penetrance, mtDNA background might exert effects on the disease expression of the m.1555A>G mutation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chen-Chi
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yu-Hsun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Pei-Jer
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chuan-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hsu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020459:Genes, rRNA / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D006238:Haploidy; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D017354:Point Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D015995:Prevalence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial