title: Inflammation at birth and the insulin-like growth factor system in very preterm infants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Foetal inflammation is associated with an increased risk of brain damage in preterm infants whereas IGF-I is essential for cerebral development and exhibits anti-apoptotic properties.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess levels of IGF-I and IGF binding proteins at very preterm birth and to evaluate their relationship with foetal pro-inflammation and cerebral damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Levels of IGF-I, IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), high- (hp) and low-phosphorylated (lp) IGFBP-1 in cord blood and neonatal blood at 72 h after delivery were analysed in relation to levels of cytokines and cerebral damage as detected by ultrasound in 74 inborn infants [mean gestational age (GA) 27.1 weeks]. Evaluation was performed separately according to birth weight for GA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In cord blood of infants appropriate for gestational age (AGA) higher levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were associated with lower IGF-I (r =-0.38, p = 0.008 and r =-0.36, p = 0.014). Higher levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha were associated with both higher levels of lpIGFBP-1 (r = 0.54, p < 0.001, r = 0.50, p < 0.001 and r = 0.13, p = 0.012, respectively) and hpIGFBP-1 (r = 0.55, p < 0.001, r = 0.45, p = 0.002 and r = 0.32, p = 0.026, respectively). Infants with intraventricular haemorrhage grade III (n = 5) had higher levels of lp/hpIGFBP-1 in cord blood (p = 0.001 and 0.002, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pro-inflammation at birth is associated with changes in the IGF-system. This may be of importance for development of brain damage in preterm infants.
authors.affiliation: Institution of Clinical Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. ingrid.pupp@skane.se
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hansen-Pupp
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hellström-Westas
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Cilio
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fellman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ley
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000097:blood*; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000097:blood*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 / Q000097:blood; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000097:blood; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D016014:Linear Models; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I