title: Cervical paragangliomas-tumor control and long-term functional results after surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report long-term functional results of the surgical treatment of cervical paragangliomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of 22 patients with 34 head and neck paragangliomas of which 27 were resected between 1981 and 2004. Of these, 16 were carotid body tumors and 11 were vagal paragangliomas. There were 13 women and 9 men with an average age of 48.6 years (range, 26 to 75 years; median, 49 years) and the mean follow-up period was 82 months (range, 3 to 184 months; median, 61 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 13 solitary tumors of which 5 were carotid body tumors and 8 vagal paragangliomas. Multiple head and neck paragangliomas were seen in 9 patients (41%). The incidence of associated multiple tumors was 64.3% for carotid body tumors and 38.5% for vagal paragangliomas. Complete tumor resection was achieved in all but 1 patient in whom a small intradural residual vagal paraganglioma had to be left. The internal carotid artery was preserved in all carotid body tumor resections. Lower cranial nerve deficits were sustained in 1 carotid body tumor resection only, but in all cases with multiple tumors. All patients with vagal paragangliomas had or developed a vagal nerve paralysis. In 4 cases minor complications developed postoperatively. No recurrent tumors were seen during the follow-up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even in large head and neck paragangliomas surgical treatment provides excellent tumor control with low postoperative morbidity. A wait-and-scan policy may be more appropriate for those patients with multiple tumors, advanced age, or high operative risk and for those whose tumors have recurred following radiotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck and Facial Plastic Surgery, Hospital Fulda gAG, Teaching Hospital of the Philipps-University Marburg, Fulda, Germany.
authors.forename: Malte
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kollert
authors.forename: Amir A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Minovi
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Draf
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bockmühl