title: Acquiring basic endoscopy skills by training on the GI Mentor II.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Achieving proficiency in flexible endoscopy requires a great amount of practice. Virtual reality (VR) simulators could provide an effective alternative for clinical training. This study aimed to gain insight into the proficiency curve for basic endoscope navigation skills with training on the GI Mentor II.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this study, 30 novice endoscopists performed four preset training sessions. In each session, they performed one EndoBubble task and managed multiple VR colonoscopy cases (two in first session and three in subsequent sessions). Virtual reality colonoscopy I-3 was repeatedly performed as the last VR colonoscopy in each session. The assignment for the VR colonoscopies was to visualize the cecum as quickly as possible without causing patient discomfort. Five expert endoscopists also performed the training sessions. Additionally, the performance of the novices was compared with the performance of 20 experienced and 40 expert endoscopists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The novices progressed significantly, particularly in the time required to accomplish the tasks (p < 0.05, Friedman's analysis of variance [ANOVA], p < 0.05, Wilcoxon signed ranks). The experts did not improve significantly, except in the percentage of time the patient was in excessive pain. For all the runs, the performance of the novices differed significantly from that of both the experienced and the expert endoscopists (p < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U). The performance of the novices in the latter runs differed less from those of both the experienced and the expert endoscopists.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study findings demonstrate that training in both VR colonoscopy and EndoBubble tasks on the GI Mentor II improves the basic endoscope navigation skills of novice endoscopists significantly.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Landbergstraat 15, 2628 CE, Delft, The Netherlands. s.n.buzink@tudelft.nl
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Buzink
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heemskerk
authors.forename: S M B I
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Botden
authors.forename: R H M
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Goossens
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: de Ridder
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Schoon
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jakimowicz
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003113:Colonoscopy; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014584:User-Computer Interface