title: A severe case of olanzapine overdose with analytical data.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Olanzapine is a second-generation atypical antipsychotic agent approved for the treatment of psychotic disorders and mania. While olanzapine overdoses are common, cases with whole blood concentrations are less so. We describe here a well-documented case of a pure olanzapine overdose in which whole blood concentrations were determined, and compared with other concentrations in the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 58-year-old woman with a 10-year history of paranoid schizophrenia and poor therapeutic compliance was found unconscious with two empty 28-tablet vials of Zyprexa (olanzapine) 10 mg tablets. Her initial vital signs were blood pressure 110/70 mmHg, pulse rate 82 beats/minute (sinus rhythm), respirations 20 breaths/minute, and the Glasgow Coma Scale score was 7. In the Intensive Care Unit, her pulse rate was 160 beats/minute, in sinus rhythm, and QTc 0.423 seconds (normal <0.4 seconds). Relevant analytical findings were metabolic acidosis, leukocytosis, creatine phosphokinase 1992 mg/dL, and glucose 207 mg/dL. Ten hours after being found, her blood sugar was 350 mg/dL and became normal at 25 hours. The patient needed intubation and insulin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Olanzapine was detected and quantitated by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detector and confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using a validated analytical method. At approximately 4, 8, and 12 hours post-ingestion, whole blood concentrations of olanzapine were 0.41, 0.34, and 0.38 mg/L, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study reports an acute olanzapine monointoxication with severe toxicity and high whole blood olanzapine concentrations. Clinical and analytical data of similar samples obtained in non-fatal life-threatening cases can be very useful when interpreting postmortem cases.
authors.affiliation: Spanish Poison Control Centre, National Institute of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Justice, Madrid, Spain. s.ballestero@mju.es
authors.forename: Salomé
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ballesteros
authors.forename: María A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: M Angeles
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ballesteros
authors.forename: Carolina Sánchez
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: de la Torre
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Borregán
mesh_terms: D019980:Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D062787:Drug Overdose; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077152:Olanzapine; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D013406:Suicide, Attempted
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D019980:Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; D000077152:Olanzapine