title: Prognostic significance of thymidylate synthase expression in patients with prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Thymidylate synthase (TS), a key enzyme in DNA synthesis, is overexpressed in a variety of cancer cells. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), an anticancer agent used clinically against various cancers, including prostate cancer, inhibits DNA synthesis by binding TS. In this study, we investigated the expression of TS in prostate cancer and its prognostic significance. Its association with the expression of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), a principal enzyme in the degradation of 5-FU and pyrimidine nucleotides, was also examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two prostatic tissue specimens were obtained from patients who had undergone radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer without neoadjuvant hormonal therapy. We analyzed the cancerous tissue and normal prostatic tissue specimens for TS expression using immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TS was expressed at greater levels in the prostate cancer specimens than in the normal prostatic tissue specimens. The patients with prostate cancer with negative TS expression had a longer postoperative recurrence-free rate than did those with positive expression during the 5 years of follow-up. TS expression was significantly decreased in patients who received neoadjuvant hormonal therapy. No relationship was found between the expression of TS and DPD. Patients with prostate cancer with either negative TS or DPD expression had a significantly longer postoperative disease-free rate than those with positive expression of both during the 5 years of follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study have shown for the first time that TS expression could be a prognostic marker for patients with prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy. In addition, the combination of TS and DPD expression might also be helpful for the prediction of the prognosis of patients with prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Yongnan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizutani
authors.forename: Takumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okihara
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ukimura
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawauchi
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nonomura
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Tsuneharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012494:Sampling Studies; D013940:Thymidylate Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D013940:Thymidylate Synthase