Metabolomic alterations in elicitor treated Silybum marianum suspension cultures monitored by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
A comprehensive metabolomic profiling of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaernt cell cultures elicited with yeast extract or methyl jasmonate for the production of silymarin was carried out using one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. With these techniques we were able to detect both temporal quantitative variations in the metabolite pool in yeast extract-elicited cultures and qualitative differences in cultures treated with the two types of elicitors. Yeast extract and methyl jasmonate caused a metabolic reprogramming that affected amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism; upon elicitation sucrose decreased and glucose levels increased, these changes being dependent on "de novo" protein synthesis. Also dependent on protein synthesis were the increase seen in alanine and glutamine in elicited cultures. Yeast extract differentially acted on threonine and valine metabolism and promoted accumulation of choline and alpha-linolenic acid in cells thus suggesting its action on membranes and the involvement of the octadecanoid pathway in the induction of silymarin in S. marianum cultures. Phenylpropanoid metabolism was altered by elicitation but, depending on elicitor, different phenylpropanoid profile was produced. The results obtained in this study will permit in the future to identify candidate components of the signalling pathway involved in the stimulation of the constitutive pathway of silymarin.
Sánchez-Sampedro
Angeles
A
Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
Kim
Hye Kyong
HK
Choi
Young Hae
YH
Verpoorte
Robert
R
Corchete
Purificación
P
D000085:Acetates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000409:Alanine / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002794:Choline / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020944:Silybum marianum / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D054883:Oxylipins; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D012838:Silymarin / Q000378:metabolism; D013395:Sucrose / Q000378:metabolism; D015003:Yeasts / Q000737:chemistry; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis
D000085:Acetates; D000596:Amino Acids; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D054883:Oxylipins; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D012838:Silymarin; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D013395:Sucrose; C072239:methyl jasmonate; D003513:Cycloheximide; D005947:Glucose; D002794:Choline; D000409:Alanine