title: Effects of surfactant protein D on growth, adhesion and epithelial invasion of intestinal Gram-negative bacteria.
abstract: Surfactant protein D (SP-D) interacts with various different microorganisms and plays an important role in pulmonary innate immunity. SP-D expression has also been detected in extrapulmonary tissues, including the gastro-intestinal tract. However, its function in the intestine is unknown and may differ considerably from SP-D functions in the lung. Therefore, the effects of porcine SP-D (pSP-D) on several strains of intestinal bacteria were studied by means of bacterial growth assays, colony-count assays, radial diffusion assays and differential fluorescent staining. Furthermore, the effect of pSP-D on the adhesion- and invasion-characteristics was investigated. All bacterial strains tested in this study were aggregated by pSP-D, but only Escherichia coli K12 was susceptible to pSP-D-mediated growth inhibition. Bacterial membrane integrity of E. coli K12 was affected by pSP-D, but this did not lead to a reduced bacterial viability. Therefore, it is unlikely that pSP-D has a direct antimicrobial effect, and the observed effects are most likely due to pSP-D-mediated bacterial aggregation. The effects of pSP-D on bacterial adhesion and invasion were studied with the porcine intestinal epithelial cell line IPI-2I. Preincubation with pSP-D results in a several-fold increase in adhesion (E. coli and Salmonella) and invasion (Salmonella), but did not affect the IL-8 production induced by the bacteria. Results obtained in this study suggest that pSP-D promotes uptake of pathogenic bacteria by epithelial cells. This may reflect a scavenger function for pSP-D in the intestine, which enables the host to generate a more rapid response to infectious bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division Molecular Host Defence, Graduate School of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hogenkamp
authors.forename: M Veronica
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Herías
authors.forename: Peter C J
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Tooten
authors.forename: Edwin J A
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Veldhuizen
authors.forename: Henk P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Haagsman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004058:Diffusion / Q000187:drug effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D037663:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D016209:Interleukin-8; D037663:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D