title: Dissociating effects of cocaine and d-amphetamine on dopamine and serotonin in the perirhinal, entorhinal, and prefrontal cortex of freely moving rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neuroimaging studies with humans showed widespread activation of the cortex in response to psychostimulant drugs. However, the neurochemical nature of these brain activities is not characterized.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of cocaine and d-amphetamine on dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) in cortical areas of the hippocampal network in comparison to the prefrontal cortex (PFC).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted in vivo microdialysis experiments in behaving rats measuring DA and 5-HT in the perirhinal cortex (PRC), entorhinal cortex (EC), and PFC, after application of cocaine (0, 5, 10, 20 mg/kg; i.p.) or d-amphetamine (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 mg/kg; i.p.).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cocaine and d-amphetamine dose-dependently increased DA and 5-HT levels in the PRC, EC, and PFC. A predominant DA response to d-amphetamine was only found in the PFC, but not in the PRC and EC. Cocaine increased DA and 5-HT to an equal extent in the PFC and PRC but induced a predominant 5-HT response in the EC. When comparing the neurochemical responses between the drugs at an equal level of behavioral activation, cocaine was more potent than d-amphetamine in increasing 5-HT in the PFC, while no differences were found in the PRC or EC or in the DA responses in all three cortical areas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that cocaine and d-amphetamine increase DA and 5-HT levels in PRC and EC largely to the same extent as in the PFC.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiological Psychology and Center for Biological and Medical Research, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pum
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Huston
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D000661:Amphetamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D003042:Cocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008124:Locomotion / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015259:Dopamine Agents; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D012701:Serotonin; D000661:Amphetamine; D003042:Cocaine; D004298:Dopamine