title: Coronary sinus reducer stent for the treatment of chronic refractory angina pectoris: a prospective, open-label, multicenter, safety feasibility first-in-man study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to evaluate the safety of the Coronary Sinus Reducer (Neovasc Medical, Inc., Or Yehuda, Israel) as a potential alternate therapy for patients with refractory angina who are not candidates for conventional revascularization procedures.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Increased coronary sinus (CS) pressure can reduce myocardial ischemia by redistribution of blood from nonischemic to ischemic territories. The Coronary Sinus Reducer is a percutaneous implantable device designed to establish CS narrowing and to elevate CS pressure. In preclinical experiments, implantation of the Reducer was safe and was associated with improved ischemic parameters. In the present study, the safety and feasibility of the Coronary Sinus Reducer was evaluated in patients with refractory angina who were not candidates for revascularization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen coronary artery disease patients with severe angina and reversible ischemia were electively treated with the Reducer. Clinical evaluation, dobutamine echocardiography, thallium single-photon emission computed tomography, and administration of an angina questionnaire were performed before and 6 months after implantation. Cardiac computed tomography was performed 2 days and 6 months after implantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All procedures were completed successfully. No procedure-related adverse events occurred during the periprocedural and the follow-up periods. Angina score improved in 12 of 14 patients. Average Canadian Cardiovascular Society score was 3.07 at baseline and 1.64 at follow-up (n = 14, p < 0.0001). Stress-induced ST-segment depression was reduced in 6 of 9 patients and was eliminated in 2 of these 6 (p = 0.047). The extent and severity of myocardial ischemia by dobutamine echocardiography and by thallium single-photon emission computed tomography was reduced (p = 0.004 [n = 13] and p = 0.042 [n = 10], respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implantation of the Coronary Sinus Reducer is feasible and safe. These findings, along with the clinical improvement observed, support further evaluation of the Reducer as an alternative treatment for patients with chronic refractory angina who are not candidates for coronary revascularization.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel. banais@netvision.net.il
authors.forename: Shmuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Banai
authors.forename: Shmuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ben Muvhar
authors.forename: Keyur H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Parikh
authors.forename: Aharon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.forename: Horst
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sievert
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seth
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tsehori
authors.forename: Yoav
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Paz
authors.forename: Ami
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sheinfeld
authors.forename: Gad
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Keren
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D004867:Equipment Design; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012849:Sinoatrial Node; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome