title: The natural history and treatment of epilepsy in a murine model of tuberous sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) often have severe epilepsy that is intractable to available therapies. The development of novel treatments for epilepsy in TSC would benefit greatly from a suitable animal model, but most animal models of TSC to date have few reported neurological abnormalities, such as epilepsy. We previously described a novel model of TSC, due to conditional inactivation of the Tsc1 gene in glia (Tsc1(GFAP)CKO mice), in which mice develop epilepsy and premature death. Here, we characterize the natural history of the epilepsy in Tsc1(GFAP)CKO mice in more detail and report acute effects of treatment with standard antiepileptic drugs on seizures in these mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Video-EEG recordings were obtained from Tsc1(GFAP)CKO mice on a weekly basis, starting at 4 weeks of age until death, to monitor progression of interictal EEG abnormalities and seizures. In separate experiments, Tsc1(GFAP)CKO mice were monitored for interictal EEG abnormalities and seizures before and during treatment with phenobarbital, phenytoin, or saline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tsc1(GFAP)CKO mice developed seizures around 4-6 weeks of age and subsequently had progressive worsening of the interictal EEG background and seizure frequency over a month, culminating in death. Treatment with phenobarbital or phenytoin caused a reduction in seizure frequency, but did not improve EEG background or prevent death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tsc1(GFAP)CKO mice develop progressive epilepsy. Acute treatment with standard antiepileptic drugs suppresses seizures in these mice, but does not affect long-term prognosis. Tsc1(GFAP)CKO mice represent a good model to test other drugs that may have true antiepileptogenic actions in TSC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and the Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Ebru
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Erbayat-Altay
authors.forename: Ling-Hui
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Gutmann
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D020868:Gene Silencing / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008818:Mice, Neurologic Mutants / Q000235:genetics*; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000502:physiology; D010634:Phenobarbital / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014402:Tuberous Sclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014743:Videotape Recording
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D010672:Phenytoin; D010634:Phenobarbital