Evaluation of lidocaine treatment and risk factors for death associated with gastric dilatation and volvulus in dogs: 112 cases (1997-2005).
OBJECTIVE
To determine clinical features, outcome, risk factors for death, and efficacy of IV administration of lidocaine as a prophylactic treatment for ischemic reperfusion injury in gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) in dogs.


METHODS
Retrospective case series.


METHODS
112 dogs with GDV.


METHODS
Data pertaining to breed; time lag to admission; clinical, clinicopathologic, and surgical findings; lidocaine treatment; and postoperative complications were assessed for association with outcome.


RESULTS
German Shepherd Dogs (28.6%) and Great Danes (17%) were significantly over-represented. Risk factors for death included time lag (> or = 5 hours vs < 5 hours) from onset of clinical signs to admission (46.0% vs 11.3%), rectal temperature (< or = 38 degrees C vs > 38 degrees C [< 100.4 degrees F vs > 100.4 degrees F]) at admission (40.0% vs 14.9%), presence or absence of ARF (67.0% vs 23.3%), presence or absence of suspected gastric wall necrosis (59.3% vs 16.0%), and untreated gastric wall necrosis, compared with treated gastric wall necrosis (100% vs 47.6%). Overall mortality rate was 26.8%; no significant differences were detected in mortality rate or postoperative complications between dogs that received lidocaine IV prior to surgical intervention (52.0%) and dogs that did not (48.0%). Mean +/- SD hospitalization time was longer in the lidocaine treatment group (3.5 +/- 1.9 days vs 2.5 +/- 1.4 days).


CONCLUSIONS
Presence of the identified risk factors should warrant aggressive treatment. Lidocaine treatment was not associated with mortality rate or postoperative complications, but was associated with prolonged hospitalization time.
Buber
Tali
T
School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
Saragusty
Joseph
J
Ranen
Eyal
E
Epstein
Ana
A
Bdolah-Abram
Tali
T
Bruchim
Yaron
Y
D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D013271:Gastric Dilatation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D012307:Risk Factors; D013277:Stomach Volvulus / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D008012:Lidocaine