title: Results of intracytoplasmic sperm injection in two infertile patients with abnormal organization of sperm mitochondrial sheaths and severe asthenoteratozoospermia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report assisted reproduction technologies (ART) outcome and characterize severe mitochondrial sheath (MS) anomalies in two infertile asthenoteratozoospermic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case reports.
  
  
  METHODS
  Private IVF clinic and academic research institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two infertile men with asthenoteratozoospermia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was performed in both cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and laboratory evaluation were performed and spermatozoa studied by epifluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient 1 had sperm with acute bendings at the level of the narrow midpieces. Mitochondria were either scarce or absent. Three ICSI embryos were transferred. A pregnancy was achieved followed by a miscarriage at the end of the first trimester. Patient 2 had sperm with very long MSs. The number of gyres was increased to more than 30. Two ICSI cycles were performed with good fertilization rates and embryo quality, but no pregnancy was achieved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MS defects were studied by phase-contrast, epifluorescence microscopy, and TEM that afforded a detailed view of the sperm midpiece and the topography of the whole flagellum. The results indicate that midpiece defects, while causing severe asthenozoospermia and lower fertilizing potential, may not necessarily represent negative prognostic factors in ART.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudios en Ginecología y Reproducción (CEGyR), Hospital de Niños, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Vanesa Y
authors.initials: VY
authors.lastname: Rawe
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hermes
authors.forename: Florencia N
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Nodar
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fiszbajn
authors.forename: Hector E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Chemes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D053627:Asthenozoospermia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000473:pathology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000648:ultrastructure