title: Fast cleanup method for the analysis of Sudan I-IV and para red in various foods and paprika color (oleoresin) by high-performance liquid chromatography/diode array detection: focus on removal of fat and oil as fatty acid methyl esters prepared by transesterification of acylglycerols.
abstract: A fast and effective cleanup method was developed for the analysis of Sudan I, II, III, IV, and Para Red (Sudan dyes) in various foods and paprika color (oleoresin) by high-performance liquid chromatography (LC) with a diode array detector (DAD). Removal of fat or oil in fatty sample was a critical point for reducing the volume of the final sample solution in order to obtain a sufficient level of the analytes. Separation of fat or oil from the dyes with a silica gel solid-phase extraction (SPE) column seemed unfeasible, because elution profiles of oil, fat, and the dyes were similar. Finally, fat and oil were separated from the dyes by elution from the SPE column with n-hexane, not as intact compounds but as fatty acid methyl esters prepared by direct transesterification of acylglycerols in fat and oil, leaving the dyes on the column. The dyes were eluted with n-hexane-diethyl ether (9 + 1). Gradient elution with water and tetrahydrofuran was used for separation on a C18 column by LC. Measurement of spectral of 0.5 microg/g of Sudan dyes in foods and 1 microg/g in paprika color (oleoresin) with the DAD was achieved.
authors.affiliation: The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health 3-24-1, Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan. Youko_Uematsu@member.metro.tokyo.jp
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uematsu
authors.forename: Mami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogimoto
authors.forename: Junichirou
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kabashima
authors.forename: Kumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Kouichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D004951:Esterification; D005223:Fats / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D005506:Food Contamination; D005989:Glycerides / Q000737:chemistry; D009284:Naphthols / Q000032:analysis*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005223:Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005989:Glycerides; D009284:Naphthols; D010936:Plant Extracts; C018620:oleoresins; C552939:para red; C024336:1-phenylazo-2-naphthol; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; C009213:Scarlet Red; C033006:sudan III