title: Acyclic retinoid inhibits neointima formation through retinoic acid receptor beta-induced apoptosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acyclic retinoid (ACR) is a synthetic retinoid with a high safety profile that has been pursued with high expectations for therapeutic use in prevention (recurrence) and treatment of malignancies. With the objective of addressing the therapeutic potential in the cardiovasculature, namely neointima formation, effects of ACR on neointima formation and the involved mechanisms were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ACR was administered to cuff-injured mice which showed inhibition of neointima formation. Investigation of involved mechanisms at the cellular and molecular levels showed that ACR induces apoptosis of neointimal cells and this to be mediated by selective induction of retinoic-acid receptor beta (RARbeta) which shows growth inhibitory and proapoptotic effects on smooth muscle cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We show that ACR inhibits neointima formation by inducing RARbeta which in turn inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis. The retinoid, ACR, may be potentially exploitable for treatment and prevention of neointima formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Nanae
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kada
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aizawa
authors.forename: Takayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Norifumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Munemasa
authors.forename: Daigo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sawaki
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Ryozo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D012176:Retinoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D012176:Retinoids; C082925:retinoic acid receptor beta