title: The rejuvenated pressurised metered dose inhaler.
abstract: The pressurised metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) has now been available for 50 years. Once regarded as an inefficient and difficult-to-use device, the technology has evolved significantly over the last few years, particularly since the introduction of novel formulations containing hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) propellants. Many modern HFA pMDIs deposit drug more efficiently in the lungs, impact less forcefully on the back of the throat and feel less cold than their chlorofluorocarbon pMDI counterparts. An improved understanding of technical factors makes it possible to design HFA pMDIs to have specific spray properties, particularly in terms of fine particle dose and spray velocity. Device technology has also progressed with the introduction of compact and convenient breath-actuated, breath-coordinated and velocity-modifying devices, which help patients to achieve a reliable lung dose. Although it faces competition from dry powder inhalers and possibly from novel soft-mist inhalers containing liquid formulations, the rejuvenated HFA pMDI is a device with a significant future for asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and wider treatment indications.
authors.affiliation: Stewart Erl Associates, Loughborough, UK. jbell1357@aol.com
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Newman
mesh_terms: D000335:Aerosol Propellants; D017402:Chlorofluorocarbons; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000266:history / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated; D036501:Metered Dose Inhalers / Q000266:history; D011208:Powders
chemical_list: D000335:Aerosol Propellants; D017402:Chlorofluorocarbons; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated; D011208:Powders