title: Polarity and intracellular compartmentalization of Drosophila neurons.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Proper neuronal function depends on forming three primary subcellular compartments: axons, dendrites, and soma. Each compartment has a specialized function (the axon to send information, dendrites to receive information, and the soma is where most cellular components are produced). In mammalian neurons, each primary compartment has distinctive molecular and morphological features, as well as smaller domains, such as the axon initial segment, that have more specialized functions. How neuronal subcellular compartments are established and maintained is not well understood. Genetic studies in Drosophila have provided insight into other areas of neurobiology, but it is not known whether flies are a good system in which to study neuronal polarity as a comprehensive analysis of Drosophila neuronal subcellular organization has not been performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here we use new and previously characterized markers to examine Drosophila neuronal compartments. We find that: axons and dendrites can accumulate different microtubule-binding proteins; protein synthesis machinery is concentrated in the cell body; pre- and post-synaptic sites localize to distinct regions of the neuron; and specializations similar to the initial segment are present. In addition, we track EB1-GFP dynamics and determine microtubules in axons and dendrites have opposite polarity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that Drosophila will be a powerful system to study the establishment and maintenance of neuronal compartments.
authors.affiliation: Institutes of Neuroscience and Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, USA. mur22@psu.edu
authors.forename: Melissa M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rolls
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Clyne
authors.forename: Astra L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Henner
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uemura
authors.forename: Chris Q
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Doe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D002451:Cell Compartmentation / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000502:physiology*; D003712:Dendrites / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000166:cytology* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007814:Larva / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D023421:Models, Animal; D024521:Mushroom Bodies / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000502:physiology; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C405804:EB1 microtubule binding proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins