Effect of soy isoflavones on endometriosis: interaction with estrogen receptor 2 gene polymorphism.
BACKGROUND
Progression of endometriosis is considered estrogen-dependent. Dietary soy isoflavones may affect the risk of endometriosis, and polymorphisms in estrogen receptor genes may modify this association. We examined associations among soy isoflavone intake, estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) gene polymorphisms and risk of endometriosis.


METHODS
We recruited women age 20-45 years old who had consulted a university hospital for infertility in Tokyo, Japan in 1999 or 2000. A total of 138 eligible women were diagnosed laparoscopically and classified into 3 subgroups: control (no endometriosis), early endometriosis (stage I-II) and advanced endometriosis (stage III-IV). We measured urinary levels of genistein and daidzein as markers for dietary intake of soy isoflavones, and genotyped ESR2 gene RsaI polymorphisms.


RESULTS
Higher levels of urinary genistein and daidzein were associated with decreased risk of advanced endometriosis (P for trend = 0.01 and 0.06, respectively) but not early endometriosis. For advanced endometriosis, the adjusted odds ratio for the highest quartile group was 0.21 (95% confidence interval = 0.06-0.76) for genistein and 0.29 (0.08-1.03) for daidzein, when compared with the lowest group. Inverse associations were also noted between urinary isoflavones and the severity of endometriosis (P for trend = 0.01 for genistein and 0.07 for daidzein). For advanced endometriosis, ESR2 gene RsaI polymorphism appeared to modify the effects of genistein (P for interaction = 0.03).


CONCLUSIONS
Dietary isoflavones may reduce the risk of endometriosis among Japanese women.
Tsuchiya
Masaki
M
Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.
Miura
Tsutomu
T
Hanaoka
Tomoyuki
T
Iwasaki
Motoki
M
Sasaki
Hiroshi
H
Tanaka
Tadao
T
Nakao
Hiroyuki
H
Katoh
Takahiko
T
Ikenoue
Tsuyomu
T
Kabuto
Michinori
M
Tsugane
Shoichiro
S
D000328:Adult; D004032:Diet; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D019833:Genistein / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012306:Risk; D013025:Glycine max
D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D007529:Isoflavones; C004742:daidzein; D019833:Genistein