title: Starch with a slow digestion property produced by altering its chain length, branch density, and crystalline structure.
abstract: The hypothesis of increasing the branch density of starch to reduce its digestion rate through partial shortening of amylopectin exterior chains and the length of amylose was investigated. Starch products prepared using beta-amylase, beta-amylase and transglucosidase, maltogenic alpha-amylase, and maltogenic alpha-amylase and transglucosidase showed significant reduction of rapidly digested starch by 14.5%, 29.0%, 19.8%, and 31.0% with a concomitant increase of slowly digested starch by 9.0%, 19.7%, 5.7%, and 11.0%, respectively. The resistant starch content increased from 5.1% to 13.5% in treated starches. The total contents of the prebiotics isomaltose, isomaltotriose, and panose (Isomaltooligosaccharides) were 2.3% and 5.5%, respectively, for beta-amylase/transglucosidase- and maltogenic alpha-amylase/transglucosidase-treated starches. The molecular weight distribution of enzyme-treated starches and their debranched chain length distributions, analyzed using high-performance size-exclusion chromatography with multiangle laser light scattering and refractive index detection (HPSEC-MALLS-RI) and HPSEC-RI, showed distinctly different patterns among starches with different enzyme treatments. A larger proportion of low molecular weight fractions appeared in starches treated additionally with transglucosidase. All enzyme-treated starches showed a mixture of B- and V-type X-ray diffraction patterns, and 1H NMR spectra showed a significant increase of alpha-1,6 linkages. Both the increase of the starch branch density and the crystalline structure in the treated starches likely contribute to their slow digestion property.
authors.affiliation: Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research and Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2009, USA.
authors.forename: Zihua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ao
authors.forename: Senay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Simsek
authors.forename: Genyi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Mahesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Venkatachalam
authors.forename: Bradley L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Reuhs
authors.forename: Bruce R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Hamaker
mesh_terms: D000681:Amylases / Q000378:metabolism; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D004063:Digestion; D005959:Glucosidases / Q000378:metabolism; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000032:analysis / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012031:Refractometry; D013213:Starch / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D009844:Oligosaccharides; D013213:Starch; D000681:Amylases; D005959:Glucosidases