title: An assessment of toxicity in profundal lake sediment due to deposition of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants from the atmosphere.
abstract: A Tier I Sediment Ecological Risk Assessment of profundal lake sediment contaminated by diffuse pollution of heavy metals and POPs deposited from the atmosphere was completed. The concentrations of seven heavy metals and four groups of POPs (OCs, PCBs, PAHs, PBDEs) were determined in the profundal sediment of ten lakes in the United Kingdom and two sediment toxicity tests completed (chironomid survival and emergence and cladoceran survival and reproduction). The results showed that around half the lakes are at least moderately contaminated by Pb, Zn, Cd, As and PAHs deposited from the atmosphere and the toxicity quotient suggests that the contaminants of concern are Pb, As and PAHs, and not the other metals nor OCs and PCBs. There was toxicity in the sediment of four of the lakes. The Probable Effect Concentration Quotient values indicated that metals in the sediments of Scoat Tarn, Agden Reservoir and Llyn Llagi were likely to be responsible for the laboratory toxicity found in these lakes, with PAHs also contributing in Agden Reservoir.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Sciences, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK. bhrt.rippey@ulster.ac.uk <bhrt.rippey@ulster.ac.uk>
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rippey
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: Handong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harrad
authors.forename: Mat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Robson
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Travers
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D002683:Chironomidae / Q000187:drug effects; D033361:Cladocera / Q000187:drug effects; D019015:Geologic Sediments; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000633:toxicity*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000633:toxicity*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D019216:Metals, Heavy