title: Defining gastrointestinal failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gastrointestinal failure (GIF) has been postulated as the motor of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) but is not commonly included among other organ failures in scoring systems identifying MODS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Relevant articles and published reviews were identified and analyzed through a PubMed search of English language literature on gastrointestinal problems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Wide variability in terms and definitions was observed. Data on the incidence of GIF and its impact on mortality in critically ill patients are controversial. Very few objectively measurable variables of GI function are available. Most of the definitions of GIF are diagnosis-, but not function-based. Diagnosis-based approach to GIF differs significantly from the function-based assessment of other organ failures and has not justified itself over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no consensus on definition of GIF and different medical specialties have different approaches. Development of a proper definition of GIF is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, East Tallinn Central Hospital, Tallinn 10138, Estonia. annika.reintam@itk.ee
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reintam
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kern
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Starkopf
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*