title: Obesity in adolescence: implications in orthodontic treatment.
abstract: The incidence of obesity is increasing in the United States and around the world, and it is likely that obese patients will present for orthodontic therapy in greater numbers in the future. The implications of obesity for psychosocial well-being, bone metabolism, craniofacial growth, and pubertal growth must be assessed in treating obese orthodontic patients. This review article focuses on the relevant issues concerning obesity in regard to orthodontic therapy.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Orthodontic Residency Program, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Tex, USA. wendell_n@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Wendell W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Neeley
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Gonzales
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002508:Cephalometry; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000172:deficiency / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000379:methods*; D011627:Puberty; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin