title: Prognostic significance of the MUC1 and MUC4 expressions in thyroid papillary carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to examine the expressions of mucin genes MUC1 and MUC4 and to evaluate the difference of their expressions in normal thyroid tissue, follicular adenoma, and papillary carcinoma. Furthermore, we aimed to estimate their prognostic significance in papillary carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed semiquantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction for determining the MUC1 and MUC4 mRNA expressions, and immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the MUC1 and MUC4 protein expressions in 22 normal thyroid tissues, 22 follicular adenomas, and 15 papillary carcinomas. The semiquantitative scoring of the immunohistochemical staining was compared with the prognostic factors for thyroid carcinoma to evaluate the prognostic significance in 87 papillary carcinoma patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MUC1 mRNA of the papillary carcinoma tissue showed an increased expression level compared with the other tissues. However, the expression level of MUC4 mRNA was weak in all the specimens, and this was not significantly different among the three groups. MUC1 immunoreactivity was more intense in papillary carcinoma but not in the other tissues. MUC4 was not expressed in all thyroid tissues. The expression of MUC1 was significantly associated with tumor size, extrathyroidal spread, and TNM stage (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Up-regulation of MUC1 may play a more important role than that of MUC4 in the development of thyroid papillary carcinoma, and it may have some significance as a prognostic factor.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Kuk
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.forename: Jeong-Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Soon-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Sang-Hag
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yang-Seok
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.forename: Kwang-Yoon
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018396:Mucin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D055264:Mucin-4; D009077:Mucins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C524658:MUC4 protein, human; D018396:Mucin-1; D055264:Mucin-4; D009077:Mucins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm