title: Usefulness of fecal lactoferrin and hemoglobin in diagnosis of colorectal diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate prospectively usefulness of fecal lactoferrin (Lf) and fecal hemoglobin (Hb) in the diagnosis of colorectal diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fecal Lf and Hb were measured using ELISA in 872 patients before they underwent colorectal endoscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lf was positive in 18 (50%) of 36 patients with colorectal cancer, 25 (15.9%) of 157 with colorectal polyps, 29 (46.8%) of 62 with ulcerative colitis, and 25 (62.5%) of 40 (62.5%) with Crohn's disease. The Hb-positive rates were 50%, 12.1%, 41.9% and 32.5%, respectively. Of the 318 patients free of abnormalities by colorectal endoscopy, Lf was positive in 29 (9.1%) and Hb was positive in 15 (4.7%). Among patients with Crohn's disease, the Lf-positive rate was significantly higher than the Hb-positive rate. If either high Lf or Hb levels were considered positive, the positive rates rose to 61.1%, 51.6%, and 67.5% in the colorectal cancer group, ulcerative colitis group, and Crohn's disease group, respectively. If both high Lf and Hb levels were rated positive, the positive predictive values (PPV) were 21% for colorectal cancer, 33% for ulcerative colitis, and 17% for Crohn's disease, and PPV of high Hb level alone was 18%, 25% and 13%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fecal Lf and Hb were found useful in the detection of colorectal diseases, and the combination of the two measurements appears to increase the sensitivity and efficacy of diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Katsukake-Cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan. ihirata@fujita-hu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoshimoto
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Masanobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kayazawa
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
authors.forename: Mitsuyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murano
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toshina
authors.forename: Fang-Yu
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ryoichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Matsuse
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D003108:Colonic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012002:Rectal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006454:Hemoglobins; D007781:Lactoferrin