title: The effect of testosterone replacement therapy on adipocytokines and C-reactive protein in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Serum testosterone levels are known to inversely correlate with insulin sensitivity and obesity in men. Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that testosterone replacement therapy reduces insulin resistance and visceral adiposity in type 2 diabetic men. Adipocytokines are hormones secreted by adipose tissue and contribute to insulin resistance. We examined the effects of testosterone replacement treatment on various adipocytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP) in type 2 diabetic men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Double-blinded placebo-controlled crossover study in 20 hypogonadal type 2 diabetic men. Patients were treated with testosterone (sustanon 200 mg) or placebo intramuscularly every 2 weeks for 3 months in random order followed by a washout period of 1 month before the alternate treatment phase.
  
  
  METHODS
  Leptin, adiponectin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-6 and CRP levels were measured before and after each treatment phase. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, leptin levels significantly correlated with BMI and waist circumference. There was a significant inverse correlation between baseline IL-6 and total testosterone (r=-0.68; P=0.002) and bioavailable testosterone levels (r=-0.73; P=0.007). CRP levels also correlated significantly with total testosterone levels (r=-0.59; P=0.01). Testosterone treatment reduced leptin (-7141.9 +/- 1461.8 pg/ml; P=0.0001) and adiponectin levels (-2075.8 +/- 852.3 ng/ml; P=0.02). There was a significant reduction in waist circumference. No significant effects of testosterone therapy on resistin, TNF-alpha, IL-6 or CRP levels were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Testosterone replacement treatment decreases leptin and adiponectin levels in type 2 diabetic men. Moreover, low levels of testosterone in men are associated with pro-inflammatory profile, though testosterone treatment over 3 months had no effect on inflammatory markers.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Barnsley NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Barnsley, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stanworth
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Channer
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000368:Aged; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D052243:Resistin / Q000097:blood; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013739:Testosterone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D020738:Leptin; D036361:Peptide Hormones; D052243:Resistin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013739:Testosterone; D002097:C-Reactive Protein