title: Modic changes in endplates of lumbar vertebral bodies: prevalence and association with low back and sciatic pain among middle-aged male workers.
abstract: METHODS
  Cross-sectional comparison of self-reported low back pain (LBP) symptoms and Modic findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate associations of frequency and intensity of LBP and sciatic pain with Modic changes in a sample of middle-aged male workers with or without whole-body vibration exposure.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Vertebral endplate changes are bone marrow lesions visible on MRI and are assumed to be associated with degenerative intervertebral disc disease. Associations of these so-called Modic changes with clinical symptoms are controversial. Furthermore, most of these studies have been performed in selected series of patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 228 middle-aged male workers (159 train engineers and 69 sedentary controls) from northern Finland underwent sagittal T1 and T2-weighted MRI. Both endplates of 1140 lumbar interspaces were graded for type and extent of Modic changes. Logistic regression was used to analyze associations of pain variables with Modic changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Train engineers had on the average higher sciatic pain scores than the sedentary controls, but the prevalence of Modic changes was similar in both occupational groups. Altogether, 178 Modic changes in 128 subjects were recorded: 30% were type I, 66% type II, and 4% both types I and II. Eighty percent of changes occurred at L4-L5 or L5-S1. Modic changes at L5-S1 showed significant association with pain symptoms with increased frequency of LBP (odds ratio [OR] 2.28; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.44-3.15) and sciatica episodes (OR 1.44; 95% CI 1.01-1.89), and with higher LBP visual analog scores during the past week (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.06-1.70). Type I lesions and extensive lesions in particular were closely associated with pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Modic changes at L5-S1 and Modic type I lesions are more likely to be associated with pain symptoms than other types of Modic changes or changes located at other lumbar levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland. mari.kuisma@fimnet.fi
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuisma
authors.forename: Jaro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Karppinen
authors.forename: Jaakko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Niinimäki
authors.forename: Risto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ojala
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haapea
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heliövaara
authors.forename: Raija
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Korpelainen
authors.forename: Simo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taimela
authors.forename: Antero
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Natri
authors.forename: Osmo
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tervonen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004651:Employment; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D015995:Prevalence; D011890:Railroads; D012447:Sacrum / Q000473:pathology; D012585:Sciatica / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D014732:Vibration