title: Characterization and resuscitation of viable but nonculturable Vibrio alginolyticus VIB283.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state of the bacterium. Vibrio alginolyticus VIB283 was cultured in sterilized seawater microcosm at 4 degrees C. Culturability of the cells in the microcosm was monitored by spread plate count (PC) on 2216E agar, PCs declined to undetectable levels (<0.1 CFU/ml) within 90 days. Total cell counts remained constant throughout the period as determined by acridine orange direct count (AODC). The direct viable counts, on the other hand, declined from 10(10) to 10(9) CFU/ml active cells and remained fairly constant at this level by direct viable count (DVC), which indicated that a large population of cells entered into the VBNC state. The VBNC cells could be resuscitated by temperature upshift with and without the presence of nutrition. The resuscitated time were 16 h and 8 days respectively. The resuscitation was not achieved in chick embryos. The morphology of the VBNC, normal and resuscitated cells was studied with scanning electron microscope and flow cytometry. The cells changed from rod or arc to coccoid and decreased in size when entered into the VBNC state. The resuscitated and the normal cells had almost no morphological differences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, #5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Jixiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiaohua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Aijuan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000165:Acridine Orange / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002642:Chick Embryo; D050296:Microbial Viability; D044149:Vibrio alginolyticus / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity
chemical_list: D000165:Acridine Orange