title: Transcription of a productively rearranged Ig VDJC alpha does not require the presence of HS4 in the IgH 3' regulatory region.
abstract: V gene assembly, class switch recombination, and somatic hypermutation are gene-modifying processes essential to the development of an effective Ab response. If inappropriately applied, however, these processes can mediate genetic changes that lead to disease (e.g., lymphoma). A series of control elements within the Ig H chain (Igh) locus has been implicated in regulating these processes as well as in regulating IgH gene transcription. These include the intronic enhancer (Emu) and several elements at the 3' end of the locus (hs1,2, hs3a, hs3b, and hs4) known collectively as the 3' regulatory region. Although it is clear that the Emu plays a unique role in V gene assembly, it has not been established whether there are unique functions for each element within the 3' regulatory region. In earlier studies in mice and in mouse cell lines, pairwise deletion of hs3b and hs4 had a dramatic effect on both class switch recombination and IgH gene transcription; deletion of an element almost identical with hs3b (hs3a), however, yielded no discernible phenotype. To test the resulting hypothesis that hs4 is uniquely required for these processes, we induced the deletion of hs4 within a bacterial artificial chromosome transgene designed to closely approximate the 3' end of the natural Igh locus. When introduced into an Ig-secreting cell line, an Igalpha transcription unit within the bacterial artificial chromosome was expressed efficiently and the subsequent deletion of hs4 only moderately affected Igalpha expression. Thus, hs4 does not play a uniquely essential role in the transcription of a productively rearranged Ig VDJCalpha transcription unit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College and Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Buyi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Adrienne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alaie-Petrillo
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kon
authors.forename: Fubin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Laurel A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Eckhardt
mesh_terms: D024509:3' Flanking Region / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D015326:Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D007127:Immunoglobulin Constant Regions / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D007137:Immunoglobulin alpha-Chains / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007127:Immunoglobulin Constant Regions; D007137:Immunoglobulin alpha-Chains