title: Genetic and epigenetic alterations of LTF at 3p21.3 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
abstract: To investigate the roles of lactotransferrin gene (LTF, also referred to as the lactoferrin gene, LF), located at 3p21.3 within the common minimal deletion region, in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), we first detected its expression level in 33 primary NPC tissues and 15 chronic nasopharyngitis tissues. Absent expression or downregulation of LTF were observed in 76% (25 of 33) of primary NPC tissues. We further found that 25% (5 of 20) of NPC specimens had loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the LTF locus. LTF mutation assessed by polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and DNA sequencing was noted in 30% (6 of 20) of primary NPC tissues. In addition, hyper-methylation of LTF promoter region was found in 63.6% (21 of 33) of primary NPC samples but not in chronic nasopharyngitis tissues. The LTF transcripts in NPC cell lines increased upon treatment with the demethylation compound, 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine. In conclusion, our data indicate that two-hit silencing of LTF through genetic and epigenetic changes may be a common and important event in the carcinogenesis of NPC.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Institute, Xiang-Ya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Hong-Mei
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: He-Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Kai-Tai
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Cai-Ping
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Ren
mesh_terms: D001374:Azacitidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D001483:Base Sequence; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002893:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3; D018899:CpG Islands; D019175:DNA Methylation; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D000077209:Decitabine; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006801:Humans; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000077209:Decitabine; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases; D007781:Lactoferrin; D001374:Azacitidine