title: Campylobacter antimicrobial drug resistance among humans, broiler chickens, and pigs, France.
abstract: We describe isolates from human Campylobacter infection in the French population and the isolates' antimicrobial drug resistance patterns since 1986 and compare the trends with those of isolates from broiler chickens and pigs from 1999 through 2004. Among 5,685 human Campylobacter isolates, 76.2% were C. jejuni, 17.2% C. coli, and 5.0% C. fetus. Resistance to nalidixic acid increased from 8.2% in 1990 to 26.3% in 2004 (p < 10(-3)), and resistance to ampicillin was high over time. Nalidixic acid resistance was greater for C. coli (21.3%) than for C. jejuni (14.9%, p < 10(-3)). C. jejuni resistance to ciprofloxacin in broilers decreased from 31.7% in 2002 to 9.0% in 2004 (p = 0.02). The patterns of resistance to quinolones and fluoroquinolones were similar between 1999 and 2004 in human and broiler isolates for C. jejuni. These results suggest a potential benefit of a regulation policy limiting use of antimicrobial drugs in food animals.
authors.affiliation: Département des maladies infectieuses, Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Saint Maurice, France. a.gallay@invs.sante.fr
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gallay
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Prouzet-Mauléon
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kempf
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lehours
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Labadi
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Camou
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Denis
authors.forename: Henriette
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: de Valk
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Desenclos
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mégraud
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002167:Campylobacter / Q000187:drug effects*; D002169:Campylobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents