title: Post-traumatic stress disorder and service utilization in a sample of service members from Iraq and Afghanistan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate levels of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, alcohol abuse, quality of life, and mental health service utilization among returnees from Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty returnees, enrolled for health care at a midwestern Veterans Affairs medical center, completed questionnaires approximately 6 months after their return from deployment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PTSD levels (12%) were consistent with previous research while problematic drinking levels were also elevated (33%). PTSD and, to a lesser degree, alcohol abuse were associated with lower quality of life in multiple domains, even when controlling for the influence of depression. Of those screening positive for PTSD, 56% reported using mental health services. Only 18% of those screening positive for alcohol abuse reported using such services.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PTSD and alcohol problems are prevalent in Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom returnees and associated with lower quality of life. Mental health service utilization is limited, even among returnees enrolled for Veterans Affairs health care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center (116A6), One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Erbes
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Westermeyer
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Engdahl
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Johnsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000346:Afghanistan; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006787:Hospitals, Veterans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007493:Iraq; D008297:Male; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015146:Midwestern United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000523:psychology; D008890:Military Psychiatry; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014493:United States Department of Veterans Affairs; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology*