title: Cranberry cocktail juice, cranberry concentrates, and proanthocyanidins reduce reovirus infectivity titers in African green monkey kidney epithelial cell cultures.
abstract: Studies were performed to investigate the effect of several cranberry and grape juice extracts on the inhibition of reovirus infectivity following cell culture inoculation. Infectivity testing was performed utilizing cranberry juice extracts NutriCran-100 and NutriCran-90. At 5% extract concentrations, titers were reduced by ca. 50%. Cranberry cocktail juice caused an infectivity loss of ca. 10%. We ascribe these data to higher concentrations of proanthocyanidins (PACs) in the cranberry extracts. Further testing was performed utilizing purified high and low molecular weight cranberry PAC fractions (CB HMW and CB LMW, respectively), a cranberry flavonol glycoside (CB EToAc), cranberry anthocyanins (CB CA), and a grape PAC extract. Reovirus titers were reduced to undetectable levels at PAC concentrations < or =0.2%. CB CA had no effect on the inhibition of infectivity titers. Loss of infectivity titers was in the order: GP PAC>CB HMW>CB LMW>CB EToAc. Probe homogenization of CB HMW enhanced the extract to efficacy levels equal to that of grape PAC. Reovirus dsRNA segments were undetectable 96-h postcranberry cocktail juice pretreatment of MA-104 cell cultures. This study indicates an inhibition of reovirus infectivity titers by cranberry or grape juices or their purified PAC extracts. Viral inhibition probably occurs at the host cell surface.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, St. Francis College, Brooklyn Heights, NY 11201, USA. slipson@stfranciscollege.edu
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lipson
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burdowski
authors.forename: Guenther
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stotzky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001628:Beverages; D002460:Cell Line; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004847:Epithelial Cells; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D007668:Kidney; D012089:Mammalian orthoreovirus 3 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029799:Vaccinium macrocarpon / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D044945:Proanthocyanidins