title: Contribution of early intensive prolonged pelvic floor exercises on urinary continence recovery after bladder neck-sparing radical prostatectomy: results of a prospective controlled randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this prospective controlled randomized trial we assessed the effects of early, intensive, prolonged pelvic floor exercises (PFE) on urinary incontinence following bladder neck (BN) sparing RRP.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 152 patients with localized prostate cancer underwent RRP with BN preservation. Out of this group we randomized 107 incontinent patients into 2 groups. We considered incontinent patients with 24 hr Pad test >2 g. The T group received instructions regarding an intensive program of PFE, from 7 days after catheter removal for as long as any degree of incontinence persisted, within a period of 1 year. The control (C) group did not receive instructions. The outcome was assessed using the 24 hr Pad test, a visual analogue scale (VAS) and a single question of QoL. Results at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months were available for 54 and 40 patients, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall spontaneous continence rate after catheter removal was 23.6%. The proportion of men still incontinent was significantly higher in the C group than treatment (T) group at 1 (97.5% vs. 83.3%; P = 0.04), 3 (77.5% vs. 53.7%; P = 0.03), 6 (60% vs. 33.3%; P = 0.01), and 12 months (52.5% vs. 16.6%; P < 0.01). Similarly, the VAS and the response to the QoL question at 12 months significantly differed between the two groups (P = 0.01 and 0.03, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that early intensive prolonged PFE can further increase the number of continent patients and this improvement persists in the first 12 months. The second 6 months following surgery are still useful to recovery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. francy_manassero@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Manassero
authors.forename: Cinzia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Traversi
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ales
authors.forename: Donatella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pistolesi
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Panicucci
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Valent
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Selli
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000503:physiopathology*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*