title: Interferon beta-1a slows progression of brain atrophy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis predominantly by reducing gray matter atrophy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Brain atrophy, as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), has been correlated with disability in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Recent evidence indicates that both white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) are subject to atrophy in patients with MS. Although neurological deficiencies in MS are primarily due to loss of WM, the clinical significance of GM atrophy has not been fully explored in MS.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have undertaken a three-year, open-label study, comparing 26 patients who elected to receive intramuscular interferon beta-1a (IFN beta-1a) therapy, with 28 patients who elected not to receive therapy. Both groups had quantitative cranial MRI scans at study entry and after three years, and standardized clinical assessments every six months. Brain parenchymal fraction (BPF), GM fraction (GMF), and WM fraction (WMF) percent changes were calculated, and T2- and T1-lesion volumes (LVs) assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After three years, mean percent (%) change in BPF favored the IFN beta-1a treatment group (IFN beta-1a -1.3% versus the control group -2.5%, P=0.009), as did the mean percent change in GMF (+0.2 versus -1.4%, P=0.014), and the mean percent change in T1-LV (-9.3 versus +91.6%, P=0.011). At the end of the study, there was a significant within-patient decrease in BPF for both groups (P=0.02 for the IFN beta-1a treatment group, and P<0.001 for the control group), a significant within-patient decrease in WMF for the IFN beta-1a treatment group (P=0.01), and a significant decrease in GMF for the control group (P=0.013) when compared with baseline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Over a three-year period, treatment with IFN beta-1a significantly slowed the progression of whole-brain and GM atrophy, and of T1-hypointense LV accumulation, when compared with the control group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, The Jacobs Neurological Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA. rzivadinov@thejni.org
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zivadinov
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Locatelli
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cookfair
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Srinivasaraghavan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bertolotto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ukmar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bratina
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maggiore
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bosco
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grop
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Catalan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zorzon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001284:Atrophy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000068556:Interferon beta-1a; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D016899:Interferon-beta; D000068556:Interferon beta-1a