title: Optimizing the antihormonal treatment and prevention of breast cancer.
abstract: The incidence of breast cancer is rising throughout the world. Breast cancer is slowly becoming more prevalent in countries which previously had low rates of cancer as well as becoming a leading cause of cancer death in some countries. Fortunately, a large number of these tumors are estrogen receptor (ER) positive and respond to anti-hormonal adjuvant therapy which until recently has been 5 years of tamoxifen treatment. Unfortunately, a significant number of patients develop recurrent cancers and the recurrent tumors are resistant to tamoxifen treatment. In addition, because of tamoxifen's selective estrogenic actions, there have been reports of venous thrombosis, endometrial cancer, and strokes in patients receiving tamoxifen therapy. Thus, there are other novel therapies such as aromatase inhibitors that block estrogen production in postmenopausal women or fulvestrant that destroys the estrogen receptor. This paper will summarize the therapeutic options for anti-hormonal therapy, the role of anti-hormonal agents in advanced breast cancer, and adjuvant therapy and the current status of chemoprevention with selective ER modulators.
authors.affiliation: Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111-2497, USA.
authors.forename: Roshani R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Catherine G N
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: V Craig
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Jordan
mesh_terms: D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020521:Stroke / Q000139:chemically induced; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D013629:Tamoxifen