title: Structural linear measurements in the newborn brain: accuracy of cranial ultrasound compared to MRI.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Structural size in the neonatal brain is of clinical importance. Cranial ultrasonography (cUS) is the primary method used for evaluating the neonatal brain and it is important to know whether linear measurements made using this technique are accurate.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare linear measurements of different cerebral structures made from neonatal cUS and contemporaneous MRI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preterm and term infants studies with cUS and MRI on the same day were studied. Linear measurements made using both techniques from many cerebral structures were compared using a paired t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 44 sets of scans from 26 preterm and 8 term infants were assessed. Small but significant differences between the cUS and MRI measurements (P<0.05) were found for the ventricular index, the posterior horn depth of the lateral ventricle, the extracerebral space and interhemispheric fissure, and the cortex of the cingulate gyrus. No significant differences were found for any other measurements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Linear measurements from cUS are accurate for most neonatal cerebral structures. Significant differences compared to MRI were found for a few structures, but only for the cortex were the absolute differences marked and possibly of clinical importance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London W12 OHS, UK.
authors.forename: Lara M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Leijser
authors.forename: Latha
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: Mary A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rutherford
authors.forename: Serena J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Counsell
authors.forename: Joanna M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Allsop
authors.forename: Frances M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Cowan
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000196:embryology*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004453:Echoencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D015997:Neonatal Screening / Q000379:methods*; D012984:Software