title: Characteristics of rat downregulated in adenoma (rDRA) expressed in HEK 293 cells.
abstract: Studies with apical membrane vesicles have shown that two distinct and separate anion exchange processes are present in rat distal colon, 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS)-sensitive CL(-)-HCO(3)(-) exchange, and DIDS-resistant Cl(-)-OH(-) exchange. These studies proposed that anion exchanger (AE)-1 isoform encodes the former as both apical membrane DIDS-sensitive CL(-)-HCO(3)(-) exchange, and AE1 specific mRNA are present only in surface cells and are downregulated in Na-depleted rats, whereas downregulated in adenoma (DRA) encodes the latter as both DIDS-resistant Cl(-)-OH(-) exchange, and DRA-specific proteins are present in apical membranes of both surface and crypt cells and are not altered in Na(+)-depleted rats. Studies were, therefore, initiated to identify the function of rat DRA (rDRA) in vitro. rDRA cDNA isolated from rat distal colon encodes a 757-amino-acid protein which has 96 and 81% homology with mDRA and hDRA, respectively. rDRA-specific mRNA expression was detectable only in specific segments of the digestive tract (duodenum, ileum, cecum, proximal colon, and distal colon) but not in the stomach, jejunum, or in the kidney, brain, heart, and lung. HEK 293 cells stably transfected with rDRA exhibited DIDS-insensitive and intracellular acid pH (pH(i) 6.5)-sensitive Cl uptake that: (1) was significantly stimulated by outward Cl(-), HCO(3)(-), isobutyrate, and possibly OH(-) gradients; (2) was saturated as a function of increasing extracellular Cl concentrations with an apparent K (m) for Cl of 2.9 +/- 0.3 mM; and (3) was inhibited competitively by extracellular oxalate but not by SO(4)(2-). A high rate of DIDS-insensitive Cl influx at pH 6.5 was also present under physiological Cl(-) concentration. Our observations that rDRA mediates DIDS-insensitive, acid pH-dependent Cl(-) uptake are consistent with prior observations that rDRA does not mediate DIDS-sensitive Cl(-)-HCO(3)(-) exchange in rat distal colon. We speculate that, in addition to mediating pH-sensitive Cl(-) uptake, rDRA may function as a modifier of other anion transport proteins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, P.O. Box 208019, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barmeyer
authors.forename: Jeff Huaqing
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Shafik
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sidani
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Geibel
authors.forename: Henry J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Binder
authors.forename: Vazhaikkurichi M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Rajendran
mesh_terms: D017878:4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017920:Antiporters / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D002712:Chlorides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D017136:Ion Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D051381:Rats; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D000076988:Sulfate Transporters; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D017920:Antiporters; D001639:Bicarbonates; D002712:Chlorides; D017931:DNA Primers; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C489861:Slc26a3 protein, rat; D000076988:Sulfate Transporters; D017878:4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid