title: Increased remnant lipoprotein in patients with coronary artery disease--evaluation utilizing a newly developed remnant assay, remnant lipoproteins cholesterol homogenous assay (RemL-C).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Remnant lipoprotein is an emerging risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD); however, the development of a specific remnant lipoprotein assay has struggled due to its heterogeneous nature. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical importance of a newly developed assay for remnant lipoprotein, RemL-C, in patients with CAD.
  
  
  METHODS
  This assay utilizes surfactant and phospholipase-D to selectively degrade and solubilize remnant lipoprotein. One hundred and sixty consecutive CAD patients who underwent coronary catheterization were recruited.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Remnant liporotein, RemL-C, was significantly higher in CAD patients (p< 0.001). Additionally, TG, hs-CRP, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and homocysteine were significantly higher, but HDL-C and adiponectin were lower with LDL-C unchanged. Since RemL-C levels correlated with plasma TG levels, two subgroups, normotriglycedemic and normolipidemic CAD groups, were extracted. In both groups, RemL-C was still significantly higher than controls. HDL-C, but not RemL-C, was associated with the severity of CAD. RemL-C significantly correlated with TG-rich lipoproteins, in particular VLDL and IDL, when limited to normolipidemic CAD patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Remnant lipoprotein, measured by RemL-C, was increased in CAD patients independent of TG levels, indicating impaired remnant lipoprotein metabolism in these patients. CAD severity was associated with HDL-C, but not with remnant lipoprotein, indicating differential roles of lipoproteins in the development of coronary atherosclerosis. This study therefore provides clinical significance to assess coronary risk by measuring RemL-C, particularly among patients with normal TG levels.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Nishi-shinbashi, Tokyo, Japan. yoshinobu_nakada@jikei.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakada
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kurosawa
authors.forename: Jun-Ichiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tohyama
authors.forename: Yae
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Katsunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikewaki
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods*; D015415:Biomarkers; D002404:Catheterization; D053298:Chylomicron Remnants / Q000097:blood; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010739:Phospholipase D; D012307:Risk Factors; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D053298:Chylomicron Remnants; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008074:Lipoproteins; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D010739:Phospholipase D