title: Phosphorylation of caspase-9 by CDK1/cyclin B1 protects mitotic cells against apoptosis.
abstract: Proliferating metazoan cells respond to damage that has the potential to cause genomic instability by restricting the cell division cycle or by initiating apoptosis. The molecular mechanisms determining the balance between these responses are not well understood. Here, we show that the apoptotic initiator protease caspase-9 is regulated during the cell cycle through periodic phosphorylation at an inhibitory site, Thr125. This site is phosphorylated by CDK1/cyclin B1 during mitosis and in response to microtubule poisons that arrest cells at this stage of the cell cycle. Using an RNA interference strategy, we show that induction of apoptosis from mitosis in response to these drugs is caspase-9 dependent and is greatly increased when endogenous caspase-9 is replaced by a nonphosphorylatable mutant. Thus, phosphorylation of caspase-9 at Thr125 sets the threshold for activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway during the cell cycle, restrains apoptosis during mitosis, and determines sensitivity to antimitotic drugs.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Centre, Level 5, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Lindsey A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Allan
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Clarke
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D001665:Binding Sites; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase / Q000378:metabolism*; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002460:Cell Line; D019926:Cyclin B / Q000378:metabolism*; D056744:Cyclin B1; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008938:Mitosis; D010766:Phosphorylation; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D013912:Threonine / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C534699:CCNB1 protein, human; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D019926:Cyclin B; D056744:Cyclin B1; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D013912:Threonine; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase; C506433:CASP9 protein, human; D053453:Caspase 9