title: Her-2 overexpression increases the metastatic outgrowth of breast cancer cells in the brain.
abstract: Retrospective studies of breast cancer patients suggest that primary tumor Her-2 overexpression or trastuzumab therapy is associated with a devastating complication: the development of central nervous system (brain) metastases. Herein, we present Her-2 expression trends from resected human brain metastases and data from an experimental brain metastasis assay, both indicative of a functional contribution of Her-2 to brain metastatic colonization. Of 124 archival resected brain metastases from breast cancer patients, 36.2% overexpressed Her-2, indicating an enrichment in the frequency of tumor Her-2 overexpression at this metastatic site. Using quantitative real-time PCR of laser capture microdissected epithelial cells, Her-2 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mRNA levels in a cohort of 12 frozen brain metastases were increased up to 5- and 9-fold, respectively, over those of Her-2-amplified primary tumors. Co-overexpression of Her-2 and EGFR was also observed in a subset of brain metastases. We then tested the hypothesis that overexpression of Her-2 increases the colonization of breast cancer cells in the brain in vivo. A subclone of MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma cells that selectively metastasizes to brain (231-BR) overexpressed EGFR; 231-BR cells were transfected with low (4- to 8-fold) or high (22- to 28-fold) levels of Her-2. In vivo, in a model of brain metastasis, low or high Her-2-overexpressing 231-BR clones produced comparable numbers of micrometastases in the brain as control transfectants; however, the Her-2 transfectants yielded 3-fold greater large metastases (>50 microm(2); P < 0.001). Our data indicate that Her-2 overexpression increases the outgrowth of metastatic tumor cells in the brain in this model system.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Women's Cancers Section, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. palmierd@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Palmieri
authors.forename: Julie L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bronder
authors.forename: Jeanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Herring
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoneda
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Weil
authors.forename: Andreas M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Stark
authors.forename: Raffael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kurek
authors.forename: Eleazar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vega-Valle
authors.forename: Lionel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Feigenbaum
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Halverson
authors.forename: Alexander O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Vortmeyer
authors.forename: Seth M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aldape
authors.forename: Patricia S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Steeg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000556:secondary*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D014162:Transfection; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases