title: Natural products that have been used commercially as crop protection agents.
abstract: Many compounds derived from living organisms have found a use in crop protection. These compounds have formed the basis of chemical synthesis programmes to derive new chemical products; they have been used to identify new biochemical modes of action that can be exploited by industry-led discovery programmes; some have been used as starting materials for semi-synthetic derivatives; and many have been used or continue to be used directly as crop protection agents. This review examines only those compounds derived from living organisms that are currently used as pesticides. Plant growth regulators and semiochemicals have been excluded from the review, as have living organisms that exert their effects by the production of biologically active secondary metabolites.
authors.affiliation: Crop Protection Consultant, Saxon Way, Saffron Walden CB11 4EG, UK. lcopping@globalnet.co.uk
authors.forename: Leonard G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Copping
authors.forename: Stephen O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Duke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000633:toxicity; D001419:Bacteria / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000633:toxicity; D001685:Biological Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000633:toxicity*; D018556:Crops, Agricultural; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000633:toxicity; D006540:Herbicides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000633:toxicity; D007313:Insecta / Q000187:drug effects; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification; D010571:Pest Control; D010575:Pesticides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000633:toxicity*; D010944:Plants / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001685:Biological Factors; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D006540:Herbicides; D007306:Insecticides; D010575:Pesticides