title: Safe handling and administration of blood components: review of practical concepts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The more advanced we become, the more evident are the infectious and noninfectious risks of the blood supply. Infectious risks are somewhat straightforward and are addressed by implementing stricter donor criteria and testing. The noninfectious risks, however, are more complicated. Each step in the transfusion process, beginning with the physician who orders a transfusion to the actual transfusion of the component, is subject to adverse outcomes and increases the noninfectious risks of transfusion. The challenges to provide the safest blood possible with zero risk have resulted in the implementation of stringent standards from both the American Association of Blood Banks and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  A series of case scenarios serve as the basis for discussion of the risks, which affect the safety and administration of blood components, inherent in the transfusion process.
  
  
  METHODS
  Journals, textbooks, Internet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The transfusion process is a complex multistep process with inherent risks. Infectious risks of transfusion are being adequately addressed such that the noninfectious risks of transfusion are becoming much more evident. Patient safety can be compromised if each step of the transfusion process is not completed according to established policies and procedures at each individual institution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles 90303, USA.
authors.forename: Melanie A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Osby
authors.forename: Sunita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Ira
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shulman
mesh_terms: D001771:Blood Banks; D016913:Blood Component Transfusion / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000592:standards*; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care