title: A complex system of small RNAs in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
abstract: Endogenous small RNAs function in RNA interference (RNAi) pathways to control gene expression through mRNA cleavage, translational repression, or chromatin modification. Plants and animals contain many microRNAs (miRNAs) that play vital roles in development, including helping to specify cell type and tissue identity. To date, no miRNAs have been reported in unicellular organisms. Here we show that Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a unicellular green alga, encodes many miRNAs. We also show that a Chlamydomonas miRNA can direct the cleavage of its target mRNA in vivo and in vitro. We further show that the expression of some miRNAs/Candidates increases or decreases during Chlamydomonas gametogenesis. In addition to miRNAs, Chlamydomonas harbors other types of small RNAs including phased small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that are reminiscent of plant trans-acting siRNAs, as well as siRNAs originating from protein-coding genes and transposons. Our findings suggest that the miRNA pathway and some siRNA pathways are ancient mechanisms of gene regulation that evolved prior to the emergence of multicellularity.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Biological Sciences, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Guanglin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shijun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mi
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Hannon
authors.forename: Xiu-Jie
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yijun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020029:Base Pairing; D001483:Base Sequence; D005075:Biological Evolution; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D016825:Chlamydomonas reinhardtii / Q000235:genetics*; D019295:Computational Biology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D034622:RNA Interference / Q000502:physiology*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000502:physiology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering