Suppression of age-related inflammatory NF-kappaB activation by cinnamaldehyde.
Redox sensitive, pro-inflammatory nuclear transcription factor NF-kappaB plays a key role in both inflammation and aging processes. In a redox state disrupted by oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory genes are upregulated by the activation of NF-kappaB through diverse kinases. Thus, the search and characterization of new substances that modulate NF-kappaB are of recent research interest. Cinnamaldehyde (CNA) is the major component of cinnamon bark oil, which has been widely used as a flavoring agent in foodstuffs such as beverages and ice cream. In the present study, CNA was examined for its molecular modulation of inflammatory NF-kappaB activation via the redox-related NIK/IKK and MAPK pathways through the reduction of oxidative stress. Results show that age-related NF-kappaB activation upregulated NF-kappaB targeting genes, inflammatory iNOS, and COX-2, all of which were inhibited effectively by CNA. Our study further shows that CNA inhibited the activation of NF-kappaB via three signal transduction pathways, NIK/IKK, ERK, and p38 MAPK. Our results indicate that CNA's antioxidative effect and the restoration of redox balance were responsible for its anti-inflammatory action. Thus, the significance of the current study is the new information revealing the anti-inflammatory properties of CNA and the role it plays in the regulation of age-related alterations in signal transduction pathways.
Kim
Dae Hyun
DH
College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, San 30, Jangjun-dong, Gumjung-gu, Busan 609-735, Korea.
Kim
Chul Hong
CH
Kim
Min-Sun
MS
Kim
Ji Young
JY
Jung
Kyung Jin
KJ
Chung
Jae Heun
JH
An
Won Gun
WG
Lee
Jae Won
JW
Yu
Byung Pal
BP
Chung
Hae Young
HY
D000171:Acrolein / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000375:Aging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005421:Flavoring Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
D000975:Antioxidants; D005421:Flavoring Agents; D016328:NF-kappa B; D000171:Acrolein; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C012843:cinnamaldehyde