title: Exercise training attenuates septic responses in conscious rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of exercise training on the changes induced by endotoxin in arterial pressure, heart rate (HR), blood cells, biochemical factors, plasma nitrite/nitrate, methyl guanidine (MG), proinflammatory cytokines, and pathology of the heart, liver, and lung.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four 10-wk-old male Wistar-Kyoto rats weighing 320-350 g were randomly assigned into two groups. The exercise-trained group (Tr; N = 12) received exercise training for 4 wk. The control (Con) group was placed on the treadmill and remained sedentary for the same time period. Endotoxemia was induced by intravenous (i.v.) infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 mg.kg(-1)) for 20 min, after which the animals were observed for 72 h. The femoral artery was cannulated to monitor arterial pressure and HR. Blood samples were collected 1 h before and at various times after LPS infusion. We determined plasma nitrite/nitrate, MG, white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, red blood cells, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine (Cr), aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactic acid dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, amylase, lipase, tumor necrosis factor(alpha), and interleukin-1(beta). The heart, liver, and lung were taken for pathological examination and assessment after the experiment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Tr group had lower basal levels of arterial pressure, HR, MG, neutrophils, and Cr than the Con group. Exercise training attenuated the LPS-induced decreases in blood cells. After LPS administration, plasma levels of nitrate/nitrite, MG, biochemical factors, and proinflammatory cytokines in the Con group were higher than in the Tr group. Pathological examination and assessment revealed that cardiac, hepatic, and pulmonary injury were more severe in the Con group than in the Tr group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exercise training attenuates septic responses and protects organs from damage in sepsis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi Hospital and University, Hualien, Taiwan. chenhi@mail.tcu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Hsing I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shu-Ya
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Fwu-Lin
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yung Hsiang
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Chia-Chih
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003243:Consciousness; D016207:Cytokines; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005609:Free Radicals; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D051381:Rats; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D018805:Sepsis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D005609:Free Radicals; D009569:Nitric Oxide