title: Cellular stress reactions assessed by gender and species in spiders from areas variously polluted with heavy metals.
abstract: In the funnel web spider Agelena labyrinthica (Agelenidae; A. l.), sheet web spider Linyphia triangularis (Linyphiidae; L. t.) and wolf spider Xerolycosa nemoralis (Lycosidae; X. n.) from two differently polluted meadow sites in southern Poland, we studied the relations between antioxidant parameters (glutathione, GSH; glutathione peroxidases, GPOX, GSTPx; catalase, CAT; stress proteins-Hsp70, metallothioneins Mts), the intensity of apoptosis and necrosis, and heavy metal burdens of the midgut gland. Cellular reactions against stress caused by pollutants seemed to be sex-dependent. The concentrations of Zn and Cu in the midgut glands of male A. l. and X. n. were more than double that of the females, from both study sites. In male spiders from the heavily polluted site, both negative correlations (activity of caspase-3-like proteins vs Cu, Zn concentration; number of depolarized mitochondria vs Cu concentration) and positive correlations (number of necrotic cells vs Cu concentrations; activity of CAT vs Zn ) were noted. The defense of males against high metal content and its prooxidative effects is based mainly on GSH and CAT. In females the antioxidative reactions are species-specific and depend mainly on high peroxidase activity and on stress protein level. The increase in the number of apoptotic cells in the midgut gland of female spiders from the heavily polluted site suggests the defensive role of this process in maintaining the proper functioning of this organ.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology & Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, The University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland. gwilczek@us.edu.pl
authors.forename: Grazyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wilczek
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Babczyńska
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wilczek
authors.forename: Bogdan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dolezych
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Migula
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Młyńska
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000378:metabolism; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009336:Necrosis; D011044:Poland; D013045:Species Specificity; D013112:Spiders / Q000378:metabolism*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D008668:Metallothionein; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D053148:Caspase 3; D005978:Glutathione