title: Predictors of outcomes after pediatric liver transplantation: an analysis of more than 800 cases performed at a single institution.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pediatric liver transplantation (PLTx) is the standard of care for treatment of liver failure in children. Unfortunately, there are few studies with substantial numbers of patients that identify outcomes predictors. The goal of this study was to determine factors that influence outcomes in a large, single-center cohort of PLTx.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective review between 1984 to 2006 included all recipients 18 years of age and younger undergoing PLTx. Multiorgan graft recipients were excluded (n = 48). Data sources included transplantation center database and hospital medical records. Outcomes measures were overall patient and graft survival. Demographic, laboratory, and perioperative variables were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis was undertaken using log-rank test and Cox's proportional hazards model. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant at the multivariate level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight hundred fifty-two PLTx were performed in 657 children; 55% were girls, 45% were Hispanic, and median age was 29.5 months. Biliary atresia and acute liver failure were the most common causes of liver disease. Fifty-two percent were hospitalized before PLTx. Graft types were whole (75%) and segmental (25%). Indications for re-PLTx (n = 195) included graft nonfunction (22%), immunologic (34%), and vascular complications (35%). Overall 1-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates were 85%, 81%, and 78% (patient), and 78%, 72%, and 67% (graft). Independent significant predictors of worse patient survival were renal function, pretransplantation ventilator dependence, and causes of liver disease. Independent significant predictors of worse graft survival were renal function and warm ischemia time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As one of the largest, single-center analyses of PLTx, this study enables accurate statistical analysis and demonstrates excellent longterm outcomes. Independent prognosticators of graft survival were renal function and warm ischemia time, and those for patient survival were renal function, mechanical ventilation, and causes of liver disease. These factors can aid in the medical decision making required for optimal use of scarce donor organs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7054, USA.
authors.forename: Douglas G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Farmer
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Venick
authors.forename: Sue V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: McDiarmid
authors.forename: Rafik M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ghobrial
authors.forename: Sherilyn A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yersiz
authors.forename: Johnny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Leah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Candell
authors.forename: Argine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cholakians
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wozniak
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.forename: Marvin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ament
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hiatt
authors.forename: Ronald W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Busuttil
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome