title: Laparoscopic findings and pelvic anatomy in Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe analytically the anatomic variety and laparoscopic findings observed in patients with Rokitansky syndrome throughout an 11-year span.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the laparoscopic and chart records of 106 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for the creation of a neovagina, according to the modified laparoscopic Vecchietti procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A hypoplastic vagina was observed in 61 women. Müllerian remnants, laterally displaced in the pelvis, were identified in 92 cases; 42 (25.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 19.2-33.3) of 162 müllerian remnants were cavitated and contained endometrial mucosa. Ovaries were extrapelvic in 17 (16.0%, 95% CI 9.6-24.4) cases. Anomalies of the urinary tract were identified in 32 (30.2%, 95% CI 21.7-39.9) patients; unilateral renal agenesis was the most frequent finding (18 cases; 18%, 95%CI 10.4-25.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rokitansky syndrome has a wide variability of anatomic presentations, and, as the do other congenital anomalies of the female genital tract, it represents a continuum of embryonic malformations, which occur at different stages of development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Neonatology, Fondazione Policlinico-Mangiagalli-Regina Elena, University of Milano, Milan, Italy. luigi.fedele@unimi.it
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fedele
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: Giada
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Frontino
authors.forename: Nevio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ciappina
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fontana
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Borruto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D013577:Syndrome; D014599:Uterus / Q000002:abnormalities*; D014621:Vagina / Q000002:abnormalities*