title: Gene delivery to vascular endothelium using chemical vectors: implications for cardiovascular gene therapy.
abstract: The vascular endothelium is an attractive target for gene therapy because of its accessibility and its importance in the pathophysiology of a wide range of cardiovascular conditions. In general, viral methods have been shown to be very effective at delivering genes to endothelium. The immunogenicity and pathogenicity associated with viral vectors have led increased efforts to seek alternative means of 'ferrying' therapeutic genes to endothelium or to decrease the short-comings of viral vectors. This paper reviews developments in non-viral technology. In addition, discussion also covers the mechanisms whereby existing chemical vectors deliver DNA to cells. Understanding the pathways of vector internalisation and intracellular traffic is important in developing strategies to improve vector technology. The authors propose that the chemical vector may represent a robust and versatile technology to 'ferry' therapeutic genes to vascular endothelium in order to modify the endothelial dysfunction associated with many cardiovascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: Imperial College London, Department of Immunology, Division of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, UK.
authors.forename: Stefanos
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Theoharis
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manunta
authors.forename: Peng H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004705:Endocytosis; D011992:Endosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015870:Gene Expression; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D008081:Liposomes; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D008081:Liposomes; D011108:Polymers; D004247:DNA