title: Preimplantation genetic diagnosis of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy with gender determination using multiple displacement amplification.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the use of multiple displacement amplification (MDA) for whole genome amplification in the preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy.
  
  
  METHODS
  MDA was used to amplify the whole genome directly from a single blastomere. MDA products were used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of two polymorphic markers flanking the ABCD1 gene and a new X/Y marker, X22, to sex embryos in an X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy PGD program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fertility and gynecology private center in Alicante, Spain.
  
  
  METHODS
  A couple in which the wife is a carrier of the ABCD1 gene mutation (676A-->C) that was previously identified in her family.
  
  
  METHODS
  MDA of single blastomere and PCR tests for PGD.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ability to analyze single blastomeres for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy using MDA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The development of an MDA-PGD protocol for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy allowed for the diagnosis of five embryos. These were biopsied on day 3 of culture and analyzed. One embryo was an affected male and one embryo was a female carrier. Three healthy female embryos were transferred 48 hours after biopsy. Unfortunately, no pregnancy was achieved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MDA technique is useful for overcoming the problem of insufficient genomic DNA in PGD and allows the simultaneous amplification of different targets to perform a diagnosis of any known gene defect and a sexing test by standard methods and conditions.
authors.affiliation: Bernabeu Institute of Fertility and Gynecology, Alicante, Spain. blledo@institutobernabeu.com
authors.forename: Belén
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lledó
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bernabeu
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ten
authors.forename: Francisco M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Galán
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cioffi
mesh_terms: D000326:Adrenoleukodystrophy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D008040:Genetic Linkage / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D010375:Pedigree; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D019836:Preimplantation Diagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D019849:Sex Determination Processes