title: Greater occipital nerve block for migraine and other headaches: is it useful?
abstract: Peripheral nerve blocks have long been used in headache treatment. The most widely used procedure for this purpose has been greater occipital nerve (GON) block. The rationale for using GON block in headache treatment comes from evidence for convergence of sensory input to trigeminal nucleus caudalis neurons from both cervical and trigeminal fibers. Although there is no standardized procedure for GON blockade, the nerve is usually infiltrated with a local anesthetic (lidocaine, bupivacaine, or both). A corticosteroid is sometimes added. Several studies suggested efficacy of GON block in the treatment of migraine, cluster headache, and chronic daily headache. However, few were controlled and blinded. Despite a favorable clinical experience, little evidence exists for the efficacy of GON block in migraine treatment. Controlled studies are needed to better assess the role of GON block in the treatment of migraine and other headaches.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Jefferson Headache Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 111 South 11th Street, Gibbon Building, Suite #8130, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. avi.ashkenazi@jefferson.edu
authors.forename: Avi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ashkenazi
authors.forename: Morris
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Levin
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006261:Headache / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D009407:Nerve Block; D013127:Spinal Nerves
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000779:Anesthetics, Local