Carbonated beverages and chronic kidney disease.
BACKGROUND
Carbonated beverage consumption has been linked with diabetes, hypertension, and kidney stones, all risk factors for chronic kidney disease. Cola beverages, in particular, contain phosphoric acid and have been associated with urinary changes that promote kidney stones.


METHODS
We examined the relationship between carbonated beverages (including cola) and chronic kidney disease, using data from 465 patients with newly diagnosed chronic kidney disease and 467 community controls recruited in North Carolina between 1980 and 1982.


RESULTS
Drinking 2 or more colas per day was associated with increased risk of chronic kidney disease (adjusted odds ratio = 2.3; 95% confidence interval = 1.4-3.7). Results were the same for regular colas (2.1; 1.3-3.4) and artificially sweetened colas (2.1; 0.7-2.5). Noncola carbonated beverages were not associated with chronic kidney disease (0.94; 0.4-2.2).


CONCLUSIONS
These preliminary results suggest that cola consumption may increase the risk of chronic kidney disease.
Saldana
Tina M
TM
Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
Basso
Olga
O
Darden
Rebecca
R
Sandler
Dale P
DP
D000368:Aged; D002253:Carbonated Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D030221:Cola / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009657:North Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors