title: Transforming growth factor-beta1 induces an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition state in mouse hepatocytes in vitro.
abstract: Liver fibrosis is a progressive pathologic process that involves deposition of excess extracellular matrix leading to distorted architecture and culminating in cirrhosis. The role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) as a key molecule in the development and progression of hepatic fibrosis via the activation of hepatic stellate cells, among other fibroblast populations, is without controversy. We hereby show that TGF-beta1 induces an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) state in mature hepatocytes in vitro. EMT state was marked by significant upregulation of alpha(1)(I) collagen mRNA expression and type I collagen deposition. Similar changes were found in a "normal" mouse hepatocyte cell line (AML12), thus confirming that hepatocytes are capable of EMT changes and type I collagen synthesis. We also show that in hepatocytes in the EMT state, TGF-beta1 induces the snail-1 transcription factor and activates the Smad2/3 pathway. Evidence for a central role of the TGF-beta1/Smad pathway is further supported by the inhibition of EMT by Smad4 silencing using small interference RNA technology. In conclusion, TGF-beta1, a known pro-apoptotic cytokine in mature hepatocytes, is capable of mediating phenotypic changes and plasticity in the form of EMT, resulting in collagen deposition. Our findings support a potentially crucial role for EMT in the development and progression of hepatic fibrogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Aki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaimori
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Potter
authors.forename: Jun-Ya
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kaimori
authors.forename: Connie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Esteban
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mezey
authors.forename: Ayman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koteish
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1