title: Infrared laser photobiomodulation (lambda 830 nm) on bone tissue around dental implants: a Raman spectroscopy and scanning electronic microscopy study in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess, through Raman spectroscopy, the incorporation of calcium hydroxyapatite (CHA; approximately 960 cm(1)), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the bone quality on the healing bone around dental implants after laser photobiomodulation (lambda830 nm).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Laser photobiomodulation has been successfully used to improve bone quality around dental implants, allowing early wearing of prostheses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen rabbits received a titanium implant on the tibia; eight of them were irradiated with lambda830 nm laser (seven sessions at 48-h intervals, 21.5 J/cm(2) per point, 10 mW, phi approximately 0.0028 cm(2), 86 J per session), and six acted as control. The animals were sacrificed 15, 30, and 45 days after surgery. Specimens were routinely prepared for Raman spectroscopy and SEM. Eight readings were taken on the bone around the implant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed significant differences on the concentration of CHA on irradiated and control specimens at both 30 and 45 days after surgery (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that infrared laser photobiomodulation does improve bone healing, and this may be safely assessed by Raman spectroscopy or SEM.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento [Institute for Research & Development] (IP&D), Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), São José dos Campos, Brazil., Department of Dentistry, UNIVAP, São José dos Campos, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cibelle B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Antônio L B
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
authors.forename: Sokki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sathaiah
authors.forename: Newton Soares
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Da   Silva
authors.forename: Miguel A C
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Salgado
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology; D015921:Dental Implants; D017886:Durapatite / Q000494:pharmacology; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011817:Rabbits; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015921:Dental Implants; D017886:Durapatite