title: Chronic disease and lifestyle transitions: results from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article addresses the association between course of chronic disease and lifestyle.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined differences in unhealthy lifestyles--smoking, excessive alcohol use, being sedentary--and transitions herein after 6 years in prevalent and incident chronic disease categories--lung and cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and osteoarthritis and/or rheumatic arthritis--among 2,184 respondents aged 55 years and older from the Netherlands. We also examined if transitions in lifestyle co-occurred with changes in disease-related symptomatology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Proportions of respondents who smoked decreased over time, whereas proportions of respondents who were sedentary increased. Respondents with incident cardiovascular disease demonstrated more lifestyle transitions than respondents from other disease categories. Respondents demonstrating healthy lifestyle transitions did not differ from those persisting in unhealthy lifestyles in change in disease-related symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Health promotion may benefit from these findings in a way that patient groups at risk for not initiating healthy lifestyles might be identified sooner.
authors.affiliation: Center for Public Health Forecasting, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Universiteit Maastricht Care and Public Health Research Institute, P.O. Box 1, NL 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Coen H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: van Gool
authors.forename: Gertrudis I J M
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Kempen
authors.forename: Brenda W J H
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Penninx
authors.forename: Dorly J H
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Deeg
authors.forename: Jacques Th M
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: van Eijk
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D009426:Netherlands; D010003:Osteoarthritis; D012907:Smoking