title: Effect of Albizia julibrissin water extracts on low-density lipoprotein oxidization.
abstract: High-value phytochemicals could be extracted from biomass prior to the current cellulosic pretreatment technologies (i.e., lime, ammonia, dilute acid, or pressurized hot water treatments) provided that the extraction is performed with a solvent that is compatible with the pretreatment. This work reports on the extraction of flavonoids from Albizia julibrissin biomass. While extracting A. julibrissin foliage with 50 degrees C water, 2.227 mg/g of hyperoside and 8.134 mg/g quercitrin were obtained, which is in the realm of what was obtained with 60% methanol. A. julibrissin foliage, flower, and whole plant extracts were tested in terms of their potential to inhibit low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidization. The highest inhibition was obtained with foliage water extracts, which were standardized at 2.5 microM of flavonoids. Also, the 2.5 microM foliage water extract resulted in a reduction from 43% to only 1% of the observed monocyte adherence. To have commercial application, A. julibrissin water extracts should be devoid of toxicity. The A. julibrissin foliage, flower, and whole plant water extracts were not toxic to Vero 76 cells. In summary, A. julibrissin biomass can be extracted with 50 degrees C water to yield an antioxidant stream, showing that it may be possible to couple extraction of valuable phytochemicals to the cellulosic pretreatment step.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, 203 Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vaughn
authors.forename: Colt
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McClain
authors.forename: Danielle Julie
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Carrier
authors.forename: Sunny
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Shanmugam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagarajan
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Clausen
mesh_terms: D031289:Albizzia / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010636:Phenols / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry; D059808:Polyphenols; D011794:Quercetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D012431:Rutin / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D014709:Vero Cells; D014934:Wood
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D012431:Rutin; C021304:hyperoside; D011794:Quercetin