title: Effects of chronic multiple stress on learning and memory and the expression of Fyn, BDNF, TrkB in the hippocampus of rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effect of chronic stress on cognitive functions has been one of the hot topics in neuroscience. But there has been much controversy over its mechanism. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic multiple stress on spatial learning and memory as well as the expression of Fyn, BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus of rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult rats were randomly divided into control and chronic multiple stressed groups. Rats in the multiple stressed group were irregularly and alternatively exposed to situations of vertical revolution, sleep expropriation and restraint lasting for 6 weeks, 6 hours per day with night illumination for 6 weeks. Before and after the period of chronic multiple stresses, the performance of spatial learning and memory of all rats was measured using the Morris Water Maze (MWM). The expression of Fyn, BDNF and TrkB proteins in the hippocampus was assayed by Western blotting and immunohistochemical methods. The levels of Fyn and TrkB mRNAs in the hippocampus of rats were detected by RT-PCR technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The escape latency in the control group and the stressed group were 15.63 and 8.27 seconds respectively. The performance of spatial learning and memory of rats was increased in chronic multiple stressed group (P < 0.05). The levels of Fyn, BDNF and TrkB proteins in the stressed group were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The results of immunoreactivity showed that Fyn was present in the CA3 region of the hippocampus and BDNF positive particles were distributed in the nuclei of CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cells as well as DG granular cells. Quantitative analysis indicated that level of Fyn mRNA was also upregulated in the hippocampus of the stressed group (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic multiple stress can enhance spatial learning and memory function of rats. The expression of Fyn, BDNF and TrkB proteins and the level of Fyn mRNA are increased in the stessed rat hippocampus. These suggest that Fyn and BDNF/TrkB signal transduction pathways may participate in the process of the enhanced learning and memory during chronic multiple stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Tongji Medical School of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Heng
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Neng-Bao
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Min-Hai
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yan-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Jia-Wan
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Xiang-Qian
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hong-Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051076:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fyn / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020813:Receptor, trkB / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D020813:Receptor, trkB; D051076:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fyn