title: Contribution of glutamate transporter GLT-1 to removal of synaptically released glutamate at climbing fiber-Purkinje cell synapses.
abstract: Rapid removal of synaptically released glutamate from the extracellular space ensures a high signal-to-noise ratio in excitatory neurotransmission. In the cerebellum, glial glutamate transporters, GLAST and GLT-1, are co-localized in the processes of Bergmann glia wrapping excitatory synapses on Purkinje cells (PCs). Although GLAST is expressed six-fold more abundantly than GLT-1, the decay kinetics of climbing fiber-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (CF-EPSCs) in PCs in GLAST(-/-) mice are not different from those in wild-type (WT) mice. This raises a possibility that GLT-1 plays a significant role in clearing glutamate at CF-PC synapses despite its smaller amount of expression. Here, we studied the functions of GLT-1 and GLAST in the clearance of glutamate using GLAST(-/-) mice and GLT-1(-/-) mice. In the presence of cyclothiazide (CTZ) that attenuates the desensitization of AMPA receptors, the decay time constant of CF-EPSCs (tau(w)) in GLT-1(-/-) mice was slower than that in WT mice. However, the degree of this prolongation of tau(w) was less prominent compared to that in GLAST(-/-) mice. The values of tau(w) in GLT-1(-/-) mice and GLAST(-/-) mice were comparable to those estimated in WT mice in the presence of a potent blocker of glial glutamate transporters (2S,3S)-3-[3-(4-methoxybenzoylamino)benzyloxy]aspartate (PMB-TBOA) at 10 and 100 nM, which reduced the amplitudes of glutamate transporter currents elicited by CF stimulation in Bergmann glia to approximately 81 and approximately 28%, respectively. We conclude that GLT-1 plays a minor role compared to GLAST in clearing synaptically released glutamate at CF-PC synapses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurophysiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan. takatsur@nips.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takatsuru
authors.forename: Masae
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iino
authors.forename: Kohichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001581:Benzothiadiazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D004232:Diuretics / Q000494:pharmacology; D027341:Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D027342:Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D005971:Glutamates / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011689:Purkinje Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000187:drug effects; D013569:Synapses / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001581:Benzothiadiazines; D004232:Diuretics; D027341:Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; D027342:Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; D005971:Glutamates; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; C493393:Slc1a3 protein, mouse; C004639:cyclothiazide