What is to be done? Children's ascriptions of conventional obligations.
It is often not apparent what people ought to do. Three experiments explored cues that children and adults may use to identify conventional obligations. Experiment 1 addressed the hypothesis that young children identify obligations with expected outcomes. Although preschool-aged (4-5 years) children often expected consistency, they and school-aged (7-8 years) and adult participants indicated that obligations may be at odds with costs and benefits. In Experiment 2, all participants realized that people may have obligations they are unaware of. Preschool-aged children often used information about obligations to identify characters' beliefs. In Experiment 3, preschool but not school-aged children reliably identified obligations with the desires of authorities. The results are discussed in terms of expectations about canonical relations between mental states, outcomes, and obligations.
Kalish
Charles W
CW
University of Wisconsin--Madison, WI 53706, USA. cwkalish@wisc.edu
Cornelius
Rebecca
R
D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007600:Judgment; D008297:Male; D012919:Social Behavior; D012941:Social Responsibility; D012951:Socialization