title: The effect of telmisartan and ramipril on early morning blood pressure surge: a pooled analysis of two randomized clinical trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The period of early morning blood pressure surge is associated with a higher incidence of cardiovascular events than at other times of the day. Antihypertensive medication given once daily in the morning may not protect against this surge if its duration of action is too short. We compared telmisartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker with a trough-to-peak ratio >90%, with ramipril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor with a trough-to-peak ratio of around 50%.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from two prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded endpoint studies comparing telmisartan force titrated to 80 mg once daily and ramipril 10 mg once daily were pooled. Patients had mild-to-moderate hypertension and were assessed using 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring at baseline and endpoint. Early morning blood pressure surge was defined as the difference between mean blood pressure within 2 h after arising and night-time low. Patients were grouped into quartiles according to their baseline systolic surge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data from 1279 patients were analyzed. Telmisartan changed the overall mean (SE) systolic surge by -1.5 (0.47) mmHg, and ramipril by +0.3 (0.47) mmHg (P=0.0049). The magnitude of surge reduction was greatest in the quartile with highest baseline systolic surge: telmisartan -12.7 (0.91), ramipril -7.8 (1.02) mmHg (P=0.0004). Telmisartan also reduced the surge compared with ramipril in dippers, but there were no differences between the two groups in nondippers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Telmisartan significantly reduced the early morning systolic blood pressure surge compared with ramipril. A reduction in this surge may help to reduce cardiovascular events in the morning period.
authors.affiliation: Hypertension Unit, Saint-André Hospital, Bordeaux, France. philippe.gosseechu-bordeaux.fr
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gosse
authors.forename: Joel M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Neutel
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schumacher
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lacourcière
authors.forename: Bryn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Giora
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Davidai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001565:Benzoates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017257:Ramipril / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077333:Telmisartan; D013997:Time Factors; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D001565:Benzoates; D017257:Ramipril; D000077333:Telmisartan