title: Peroral endoscopic drainage/debridement of walled-off pancreatic necrosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Experience with minimal access, transoral/transmural endoscopic drainage/debridement of walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN) after necrotizing pancreatitis is limited. We sought to determine outcome using this technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 1998 to 2006, 53 patients underwent transoral/transmural endoscopic drainage/debridement of sterile (27, 51%) and infected (26, 49%) WOPN. Intervention was performed a median of 49 days (range, 20-300 days) after onset of acute necrotizing pancreatitis. A median of 3 endoscopic procedures/patient (range, 1-12) were performed. Twenty-one patients (40%) required concurrent radiologic-guided catheter drainage of associated or subsequent areas of peripancreatic fluid and/or WOPN. Twelve patients (23%) required open operative intervention a median of 47 days (range, 5-540) after initial endoscopic drainage/debridement, due to persistence of WOPN (n = 3), recurrence of a fluid collection (n = 2), cutaneous fistula formation (n = 2), or technical failure, persistence of pancreatic pain, colonic obstruction, perforation, and flank abscess (n = 1 each). Final outcome after initial endoscopic intervention (median, 178 days) revealed successful endoscopic therapy in 43 (81%) and persistence of WOPN in 10 (19%). Preexistent diabetes mellitus, size of WOPN, and extension of WOPN into paracolic gutter were significant predictive factors for need of subsequent open operative therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Successful resolution of symptomatic, sterile, and infected WOPN can be achieved using a minimal access endoscopic approach. Adjuvant percutaneous drainage is necessary in up to 40% of patients, especially when WOPN extends to paracolic gutters or pelvis. Operative intervention for failed endoscopic treatment is required in about 20% of patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Georgios I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Papachristou
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Prabhleen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chahal
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Sarr
authors.forename: Todd H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Baron
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D003646:Debridement / Q000379:methods*; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods*; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019283:Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome