title: Viral infections and the kidney: HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C.
abstract: Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), or hepatitis C virus (HCV) can cause rapidly progressive renal disease, so prompt recognition and management are critical. Viral glomerulonephropathy can now often be successfully managed with a specific combination of antiviral therapy, immunosuppressants, plasmapheresis, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and angiotensin 2 receptor blockers.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Appel
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000209:etiology*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D011379:Prognosis