title: Robotics in cardiac surgery: the Istanbul experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Robots are sensor-based tools capable of performing precise, accurate and versatile actions. Initially designed to spare humans from risky tasks, robots have progressed into revolutionary tools for surgeons. Tele-operated robots, such as the da Vinci (Intuitive Surgical, Mountain View, CA), have allowed cardiac procedures to start benefiting from robotics as an enhancement to traditional minimally invasive surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The aim of this text was to discuss our experience with the da Vinci system during a 12 month period in which 61 cardiac patients were operated on. There were 59 coronary bypass patients (CABG) and two atrial septal defect (ASD) closures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two patients (3.3%) had to be converted to median sternotomy because of pleural adhesions. There were no procedure- or device-related complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our experience suggests that robotics can be integrated into routine cardiac surgical practice. Systematic training, team dedication and proper patient selection are important factors that determine the success of a robotic surgery programme.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery and Anaesthesia, Florence Nightingale Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ertan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sagbas
authors.forename: Belhhan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Akpinar
authors.forename: Ilhan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sanisoglu
authors.forename: Baris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Caynak
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guden
authors.forename: Ugur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ozbek
authors.forename: Zehra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bayramoglu
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bayindir
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000639:trends; D012371:Robotics / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014421:Turkey