title: Molecular mechanism of anti-prostate cancer activity of Scutellaria baicalensis extract.
abstract: Scutellaria baicalensis is a widely used Chinese herbal medicine historically used in antiinflammatory and anticancer therapy. The goals of the study were to 1) determine its in vitro and in vivo anti-prostate cancer activity, 2) investigate its molecular mechanism directed at cell proliferation control including cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and cyclins/cdks pathways, and 3) compare it with those of PC-SPES (PC stands for prostate cancer and spes is Latin for hope), a former herbal mixture for prostate cancer treatment of which S. baicalensis is a major constituent. Two human prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, androgen dependent, and PC-3, androgen independent) were assessed for growth inhibition. S. baicalensis exerted dose- and time-dependent increased growth inhibition in both cell lines. However, the PC-3 cells IC50 (50% growth inhibition concentration) were slightly more sensitive than LNCaP cells (IC50=0.15 mg/ml), although the former is androgen independent. S. baicalensis was more effective in inhibition of cell growth compared with PC-SPES (IC50=0.38 mg/ml for PC-3 cells). Significant reduction of PGE2 synthesis in both cells after treatment with S. baicalensis resulted from direct inhibition of COX-2 activity rather than COX-2 protein suppression. S. baicalensis also inhibited prostate-specific antigen production in LNCaP cells. Finally, S. baicalensis suppressed expression of cyclin D1 in LNCaP cells, resulting in a G1 phase arrest, while inhibiting cdk1 expression and kinase activity in PC-3 cells, ultimately leading to a G2/M cell cycle arrest. Animal studies showed a 50% reduction in tumor volume after a 7-wk treatment period. This study demonstrated that S. baicalensis may be a novel anticancer agent for the treatment of prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Shiquan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Volshonok
authors.forename: Josephine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: David Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D031364:Scutellaria baicalensis; D013997:Time Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; C499814:Scutellaria baicalensis extract; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone