title: Long-term benefit of statin therapy initiated during hospitalization for an acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review of randomized trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to determine if the initiation of statin (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor) therapy during acute coronary syndromes reduces long-term mortality and other adverse cardiac outcomes.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Initiation of statin therapy during acute coronary syndromes has not been shown to reduce mortality, myocardial infarction or stroke within 4 months of follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical trials that randomized patients with acute coronary syndromes to early statin therapy compared with less intensive lipid reduction (placebo/lower-dose statin/usual care), and reported long-term outcomes were included for analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, there were seven studies (L-CAD, PTT, FLORIDA, Colivicchi et al., PROVE-IT, ESTABLISH, and A-to-Z) with 9553 patients who started statin therapy within 12 days of hospital presentation. The incidence of all-cause mortality was 3.4% in the statin group versus 4.6% in the less intensive lipid reduction group over a weighted mean follow-up of 22.9 months (relative risk [RR] 0.74; 95% CI 0.61, 0.90; p = 0.003). The number of patients needed to treat to prevent one death was 84 patients. Similarly, the incidence of cardiovascular mortality in the statin versus the less intensive lipid reduction group was 2.4% versus 3.3% (RR 0.74; 95% CI 0.58, 0.93; p = 0.010), unstable angina 4.1% versus 5.0% (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.68, 0.98; p = 0.027), revascularization 11.2% versus 12.9% (RR 0.86; 95% CI 0.78, 0.96; p = 0.006), stroke 1.1% versus 1.2% (RR 0.90; 95% CI 0.62, 1.30; p = 0.56), and myocardial infarction 6.6% versus 7.0% (RR 0.94; 95% CI 0.81, 1.09; p = 0.41).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The benefit of early initiation of statin therapy during acute coronary syndromes slowly accrues over time so that a survival advantage is seen around 24 months. Relatively few patients need to be treated to prevent one death over this time period. Furthermore, this approach significantly reduces unstable angina and the need for revascularization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiac, Peripheral, and Carotid Intervention, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bavry
authors.forename: Girish R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Mood
authors.forename: Dharam J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kumbhani
authors.forename: Peter P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Borek
authors.forename: Arman T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Askari
authors.forename: Deepak L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Bhatt
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D020521:Stroke / Q000517:prevention & control; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors