title: Short-term soybean intake and its effect on steroid sex hormones and cognitive abilities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the effects of short-term soybean consumption on cognitive spatial abilities and changes in sex endocrine net in both genders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Short-term prospective intervention study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four healthy females and 32 healthy males (18 - 25 y of age).
  
  
  METHODS
  Volunteers were asked to eat 2 g/kg per day of soybeans during 1 week. Saliva and plasma samples were taken, and psychometric tests were performed on the 1st (before soybean intake), 7th (after soybean intake), and 14th days (after washout period) of the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Salivary T and plasma E(2) were measured. Mental rotation (MR) and spatial visualization (SV) tests were performed on the days of sampling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Soybean intake did not change salivary T and plasma E(2) levels in men. During the washout period, both parameters have shown a tendency to rise. The effect of soybean intake on hormonal parameters in men was, however, dependent on the basal T levels. In women, salivary T as well as plasma E(2) levels showed a tendency toward a decline after soybean intake (the decrease in E(2) was statistically significant) and to increase back toward basal levels during the washout period. Both males and females statistically significantly improved in MR and SV after soybean intake. During the washout period, both genders further improved their results in MR but not in SV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short-term soybean consumption alters the concentrations of salivary T and plasma E(2) in both men and women. Spatial abilities appear to be improved by short-term soybean intake, but the exact mechanisms require further study.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ostatníková
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Celec
authors.forename: Július
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hodosy
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hampl
authors.forename: Zdenek
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Putz
authors.forename: Matús
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kúdela
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D013025:Glycine max / Q000502:physiology*; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones