title: Reducing racial bias among health care providers: lessons from social-cognitive psychology.
abstract: The paper sets forth a set of evidence-based recommendations for interventions to combat unintentional bias among health care providers, drawing upon theory and research in social cognitive psychology. Our primary aim is to provide a framework that outlines strategies and skills, which can be taught to medical trainees and practicing physicians, to prevent unconscious racial attitudes and stereotypes from negatively influencing the course and outcomes of clinical encounters. These strategies and skills are designed to: 1) enhance internal motivation to reduce bias, while avoiding external pressure; 2) increase understanding about the psychological basis of bias; 3) enhance providers' confidence in their ability to successfully interact with socially dissimilar patients; 4) enhance emotional regulation skills; and 5) improve the ability to build partnerships with patients. We emphasize the need for programs to provide a nonthreatening environment in which to practice new skills and the need to avoid making providers ashamed of having racial, ethnic, or cultural stereotypes. These recommendations are also intended to provide a springboard for research on interventions to reduce unintentional racial bias in health care.
authors.affiliation: Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA. Diana.Burgess@va.gov
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Burgess
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Ryn
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dovidio
authors.forename: Somnath
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saha
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011287:Prejudice; D011822:Race Relations; D012938:Social Perception; D013240:Stereotyping