title: Preclinical predictors of clinical safety: opportunities for improvement.
abstract: Toxicology studies in animals are required by regulatory authorities worldwide to provide assurances that clinical testing of pharmaceutical candidates can be conducted safely. Safety concerns from animal studies account for over 20% of attritions from drug development. As discordance between humans and animals is expected, two goals of safe and efficient drug development must be (1) to improve the human relevance of animal testing with new models and technologies, and (2) to advance quickly to clinical testing armed with improved safety biomarker tools.
authors.affiliation: Safety Assessment, Merck and Co. Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA. frank_sistare@merck.com
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Sistare
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: DeGeorge
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D017277:Drug Approval / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D015507:Drugs, Investigational / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D015507:Drugs, Investigational