title: Effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists and antagonists on luteal function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This review addresses the effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists and antagonists on various aspects of the luteal phase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recent studies have shown that use of both gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists and antagonists during in-vitro fertilization cycles leads to alterations in the hormonal profiles of the luteal phase as well as changes in endometrial histology. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists are effective in triggering final oocyte maturation and reducing the incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Ongoing pregnancy rates are excellent after gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist trigger when luteal phase and early pregnancy supplementation with estradiol and progesterone is provided. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists have recently been used for luteal phase support in in-vitro fertilization cycles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists and antagonists are clinically useful, they may have adverse effects on luteal function. Luteal phase supplementation significantly improves clinical outcomes in in-vitro fertilization cycles because it may correct some of these detrimental effects. Use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist to induce oocyte maturation is beneficial to patients who are at increased risk for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. The key factor in achieving favorable ongoing pregnancy rates with use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist to induce oocyte maturation appears to be adequate luteal phase support.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-6224, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: DiLuigi
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Nulsen
mesh_terms: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000502:physiology; D003338:Corpus Luteum / Q000502:physiology*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000502:physiology; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000819:agonists* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D006801:Humans; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000502:physiology; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D016471:Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone