title: Analysis of dynamic angle of gait and radiographic features in subjects with hallux abducto valgus and hallux limitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hallux abducto valgus and hallux limitus are two commonly encountered foot deformities causing altered structure and function of the first metatarsophalangeal joint and subsequent compensatory mechanisms. This study was undertaken to determine the relationships between these two deformities and transverse plane position of the foot, or angle of gait, and several radiographic angular and linear parameters with established reliability.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of 23 subjects with hallux abducto valgus, 22 subjects with hallux limitus, and 20 control subjects was used. Radiographic parameters were standardized weightbearing views and included lateral stressed dorsiflexion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint, composite, dorsoplantar, and lateral views. Angle of gait was obtained from powdered footprints recorded on paper. Two left and two right footprints identified on each trial were used to calculate angle of gait.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings of the study suggest that an association between angle of gait and the presence of hallux abducto valgus or hallux limitus does not exist. Possible explanations may relate to the large variability of normal angle of gait, the need to identify factors extrinsic to the foot capable of affecting transverse plane orientation of the foot, and the addition of information relating to symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, the presence of hallux abducto valgus or hallux limitus did not correspond to an association with a particular angle of gait. Length and elevation of the first metatarsal were associated in subjects with hallux abducto valgus and hallux limitus.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Musculoskeletal Studies, University of Western Australia, and Department of Surgery and Pathology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Taranto
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Taranto
authors.forename: Alan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Bryant
authors.forename: Kevin P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Singer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005528:Foot / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D020857:Hallux Limitus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006215:Hallux Valgus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography