title: Misregistration artifacts in image-derived arterial input function in non-echo-planar imaging-based dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize misregistration artifact in arterial input function (AIF) pixels in dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) using a two-dimensional non-echo-planar imaging (EPI)-based gradient-recalled echo (GRE) sequence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dynamic gadopentetate-enhanced MRI was acquired in the rat using a semikeyhole acquisition scheme. The AIF was obtained from abdominal aorta pixels. Different sliding-window reconstruction techniques were applied to determine which lines in a series of the semikeyhole acquisition were associated with the misregistration artifacts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The misregistration along the phase-encoding direction arose when k-space lines were acquired during the rise-time of the aortic gadolinium concentration. The maximum blood concentration of gadolinium estimated from the phase shift calculation agreed with that estimated from dosage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AIF misregistration results from a phase shift due to increasing gadolinium concentration in the aorta, and may need to be considered in small animal DCE-MRI studies with a high rate of rise in the AIF in high-field MR applications.
authors.affiliation: AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK. hideto.kuribayashi@varianinc.com
authors.forename: Hideto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuribayashi
authors.forename: Philip L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Worthington
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Checkley
authors.forename: Jean J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Tessier
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Waterton
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D000818:Animals; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D016477:Artifacts; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA