title: Effects of transanal pelvic plexus stimulation on penile erection: clinical implications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the ability of transanal pelvic plexus stimulation (TPPS) in inducing penile tumescence in patients with non-neurogenic erectile dysfunction (ED) and to compare the erection degree with papaverine-induced erection.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cavernous electrical activity (CEA) in 21 men with non-neurogenic erectile dysfunction was measured during TPPS by electromyography of corpus cavernosum and the erection degree of penis (flaccid, semi-rigid, rigid) was noted. The stimulation amplitude was increased from 20 to 100 mA. All patients also underwent intracavernous papaverine injection and further CEA recordings were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve and nine patients were diagnosed with vasculogenic (VED) and non-vasculogenic ED (NVED), respectively. TPSS led to a penile erectile response in 12 patients (57%), whereas papaverine injection caused erection in 16 (76.2%) patients. The mean baseline CEA (16.9 +/- 9.1 mV) did not change with TPPS, but papaverine significantly decreased the mean CEA to 12.3 +/- 4.9 mV (P < 0.001). CEA recordings of 16 (76.2%) patients revealed a significant decrease after papaverine injection, however seven (33.3%) patients showed significant CEA decrease in response to TPPS. Both TPPS and papaverine were observed to have a higher effect in patients with NVED in terms of inducing penile erection and decreasing CEA compared to their effects in patients with VED.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TPPS induces penile erection and decreases CEA for some extent, but to a lesser degree compared to papaverine. As further improvements are achieved in the methodology of TPPS, it may be a valuable method in the evaluation patients with erectile dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: II. Urology Clinic, Ankara Atatürk Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Onder
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kayigil
authors.forename: Koray
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Agras
authors.forename: Mesut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gurdal
authors.forename: Ege Can
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Serefoglu
authors.forename: Emrah
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Okulu
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ucgul
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001003:Anal Canal; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D004576:Electromyography; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010208:Papaverine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010410:Penile Erection / Q000502:physiology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D010208:Papaverine