title: Formative research of a quick list for an automated self-administered 24-hour dietary recall.
abstract: Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls are used to collect high-quality dietary data. Because they require highly trained interviewers, recalls are expensive and impractical for large-scale nutrition research, leading to the use of food frequency questionnaires. We are developing a computer-based, self-administered 24-hour dietary recall for use by adults. Our goal is an easy-to-use, low-cost, publicly available, Web-enabled instrument that will include elements of the Automated Multiple Pass Method developed by the US Department of Agriculture, which uses five passes to enhance recall. The initial pass is called the "quick list" and allows respondents to report foods consumed the previous day freely, in any order, and without detail. Using a crossover design, we conducted initial formative pilot testing among 18 adults in a self-administered computer environment. We tested two versions of a "quick list" (the first Automated Multiple Pass Method pass) for remembering foods consumed the previous day: "unstructured" and "meal-based." Respondents showed a strong preference for the meal-based version (13 of 18), although positive features of both were identified. Chronological reporting was most common, although many foods were sporadically reported out of order. Versions did not appreciably differ in number of foods reported, moved, or deleted. Usability issues and preferences were also identified. If these developmental efforts prove successful, the use of affordable automated recalls could be valuable in clarifying diet-disease associations in observational epidemiologic studies and measuring dietary compliance in clinical trials. This pilot work illustrates the usefulness of formative cognitive and usability testing for questionnaire and software development.
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Institute, Risk Factor Monitoring and Methods Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892-7344, USA. subara@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Amy F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Subar
authors.forename: Frances E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Potischman
authors.forename: Barbara H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Forsyth
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buday
authors.forename: Debbie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McNutt
authors.forename: Stephen G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Hull
authors.forename: Patricia M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Guenther
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schatzkin
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baranowski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001331:Automation; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012985:Software Design; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014481:United States; D016885:United States Department of Agriculture