title: Three-dimensional time-resolved optical mammography of the uncompressed breast.
abstract: Optical tomography is being developed as a means of detecting and specifying disease in the adult female breast. We present a series of clinical three-dimensional optical images obtained with a 32-channel time-resolved system and a liquid-coupled interface. Patients place their breasts in a hemispherical cup to which sources and detectors are coupled, and the remaining space is filled with a highly scattering fluid. A cohort of 38 patients has been scanned, with a variety of benign and malignant lesions. Images show that hypervascularization associated with tumors provides very high contrast due to increased absorption by hemoglobin. Only half of the fibroadenomas scanned could be observed, but of those that could be detected, all but one revealed an apparent increase in blood volume and a decrease in scatter and oxygen saturation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK. lenfield@medphys.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Louise C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Enfield
authors.forename: Adam P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: Nicholas L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Everdell
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Delpy
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schweiger
authors.forename: Simon R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Arridge
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keshtgar
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Douek
authors.forename: Jeremy C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hebden
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D018226:Fibroadenoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008327:Mammography / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D041622:Tomography, Optical / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins