title: Carotid artery calcification on multislice detector-row computed tomography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine the underlying conditions that affect the degree of calcification of carotid arterial plaques, measured quantitatively using multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT), and to study the association of carotid calcification with clinical symptomatology.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured the calcification volume of stenotic lesions at the carotid bifurcation using MDCT in 84 consecutive patients who were scheduled to undergo carotid revascularization. These results were compared with the clinical and radiological characteristics of the patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On MDCT, calcification in the carotid plaques was present in 78 patients (93%). Compared to the other patients, patients in the highest quartile of calcification volume (quartile 4) had higher serum creatinine levels (p < 0.001) and tended to have fewer symptomatic ischemic events in the territory of the affected carotid artery in the preceding 6 months (29 vs. 49%, p = 0.099); in particular, there were fewer transient symptoms (5 vs. 27%, p = 0.032) and symptoms possibly occurring due to local embolism (14 vs. 37%, p = 0.045). On ultrasound, plaque ulceration was less prevalent in patients in quartile 4 than in the remaining patients (5 vs. 29%, p = 0.026), although the severity of carotid stenosis was similar among all the quartiles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Renal dysfunction was associated with enhanced carotid plaque calcification. Patients with severe carotid calcification were found to have a low risk of recent ischemic stroke, presumably due, in part, to a lower prevalence of emboligenic carotid ulceration. MDCT was valuable for the quantitative evaluation of carotid calcification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Cerebrovascular Center and Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uwatoko
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toyoda
authors.forename: Tooru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Kotaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasumori
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Makihara
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: Setsuro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ibayashi
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iida
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okada
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000209:etiology; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex