title: Adefovir dipivoxil monotherapy and combination therapy with lamivudine for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in an Asian population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine differences in Chinese patients treated with adefovir (ADV) monotherapy or ADV in combination with lamivudine (3TC) after development of resistance to 3TC, with respect to biochemical improvement, HBV DNA suppression and development of subsequent ADV resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  All hepatitis B patients with 3TC resistance treated with ADV for 3 months or more at our centre were included, and monitored 3-6 monthly for biochemical and virological response, and development of ADV resistance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 56 patients were included, 50% switched to ADV monotherapy and 50% received combination 3TC/ADV therapy. Median follow-up was 15.5 months. Normalization of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) occurred in 25 (89%) patients in the ADV group compared with 24 (86%) in the 3TC/ADV group (P = 0.686). Virological response (VR) was achieved in seven (35%) patients in the ADV group at 12 months compared with five (28%) in the 3TC/ADV group (P = 0.637). By 24 months, seven (64%) patients in the ADV group achieved VR compared with two (40%) in the 3TC/ADV group (P = 0.377). Cumulative probability of developing genotypic ADV resistance in the ADV group at 24 months was 18% compared with 7% in the 3TC/ADV group (P = 0.94).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no obvious improvement in ALT normalization and virological suppression or reduction in the development of ADV-resistant mutations with 3TC/ADV therapy compared with ADV monotherapy. Further studies with longer follow-ups are required to determine whether combination 3TC/ADV therapy will reduce the emergence of ADV resistance compared with ADV monotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: Ching-Lung
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: John Chi-hang
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Yuen
authors.forename: Danny Ka-Ho
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Yasuhito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mizokami
authors.forename: Man-Fung
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Yuen
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D044466:Asian People; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D024921:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics*; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D063065:Organophosphonates; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D019259:Lamivudine; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000225:Adenine; C106812:adefovir dipivoxil