title: Oral administration of BCG encapsulated in alginate microspheres induces strong Th1 response in BALB/c mice.
abstract: Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is one of the first vaccines administered to the newborns in developing countries. As an alternative to parenteral administration of vaccines, oral vaccines offer significant logistical advantages. Successful oral immunization, however, requires that vaccine antigens be protected from gastric secretions. In the present study, BALB/c mice were vaccinated orally with BCG encapsulated in alginate microspheres and the immune responses and protective effect were compared with those of mice vaccinated with free BCG by subcutaneous and oral routes. Proliferative and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses and IFN-gamma production were significantly higher in mice immunized orally with encapsulated BCG in comparison with results of mice immunized orally with free BCG. Following systemic infection with BCG, mice vaccinated with encapsulated BCG had lower mean bacterial count compared to those vaccinated orally with free BCG. The immune responses induced by oral administration of encapsulated BCG were equal to or better than the responses induced by standard BCG vaccination.
authors.affiliation: Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Ave., Tehran IR, Iran. sohary@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Soheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ajdary
authors.forename: Faramarz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dobakhti
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taghikhani
authors.forename: Farhad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Riazi-Rad
authors.forename: Shahnaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rafiei
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rafiee-Tehrani
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000464:Alginates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000209:etiology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008863:Microspheres; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001500:BCG Vaccine; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D020723:Glucuronic Acid