title: Vascular endothelial growth factor and its relationship to inflammatory mediators.
abstract: Inflammation occurs in response to host injury or infection, as the result of an autoimmune disease, or in response to the development of a tumor. Although the immune system may be helpful in fighting the tumor, it may also fuel the tumorigenic process. In fact, recent data suggest a strong link between chronic inflammation, angiogenesis, and the development of cancer. For example, inflammation and scarring caused by recurring infections with Mycobacterium tuberculosis may be a cause for cancers of the lung. Inflammatory breast cancer exhibits increased angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis and has a higher metastatic potential than noninflammatory breast cancer. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been proposed as preventives for the development of colon carcinoma and ovarian cancer. Inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB contributes to the proposed mechanism of action. Inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6, serve as autocrine and paracrine growth factors for several cancers, and high levels of these cytokines may correlate with a poor prognosis and increased production of angiogenic factors. The state of the art of our understanding of this critical interaction is reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. langelo@alltel.net
authors.forename: Laura S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Angelo
authors.forename: Razelle
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kurzrock
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000276:immunology*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000276:immunology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A