title: Expression of Th-1 chemokines and chemokine receptors on the ocular surface of C57BL/6 mice: effects of desiccating stress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of desiccating ocular surface stress on the expression of chemokines and their receptors by the corneal epithelium and conjunctiva of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental dry eye was created in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. The concentrations of macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha (MIP-1alpha), MIP-1beta, monokine induced by interferon (MIG)-gamma, and interferon-gamma-inducible protein (IP)-10 in the corneal epithelia and conjunctiva were measured by a multiplex immunobead assay. Expression of MIP-1alpha; MIP-1beta; regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), MIG, IP-10; monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-3; eotaxin-1; CCR5; CXCR3; and CCR3 in the cornea and conjunctiva were evaluated by real-time PCR and immunostaining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Desiccating stress significantly increased concentrations of MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, IP-10, and MIG proteins in the corneal epithelium and conjunctiva of C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, it increased levels of MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and CCR5 transcripts in the cornea and conjunctiva and RANTES, MIG, IP-10, and CXCR3 transcripts in the conjunctiva of C57BL/6 mice. In contrast, levels of MCP-3, eotaxin-1, and CCR3 transcripts increased in both tissues of BALB/c mice. In situ immunodetection of chemokines and their receptors was similar to their pattern of gene expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Specific patterns of Th-1 and -2 chemokines and their receptors are induced in the mouse ocular surface by desiccating stress in a strain-related fashion. Desiccating stress potently stimulates the expression of Th-1 cell-attracting chemokines and chemokine receptors on the ocular surface of C57BL/6 mice.
authors.affiliation: Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Kyung-Chul
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Cintia S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: De Paiva
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Zhuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Farley
authors.forename: De-Quan
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Pflugfelder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018925:Chemokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000378:metabolism*; D003315:Cornea / Q000378:metabolism*; D003890:Desiccation; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine