title: Risk of mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory causes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease submitted to follow-up after lung resection for non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Considerable controversy surrounds mortality from non-neoplastic diseases during the postoperative follow-up of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study investigated the incidence of mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory (CVR) causes in patients with COPD submitted to follow-up after lung resection for NSCLC, and identified preoperative and postoperative risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 398 patients with mild or moderate COPD were followed up in our department after lung resection for NSCLC (median follow-up 61 months). Statistical analysis of the data was carried out to determine the incidence and the prognostic factors of postoperative death from CVR causes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 398 resected patients, 186 survived without tumor recurrence; 24/186 (12.9%) died of CVR causes (acute respiratory failure, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, acute pulmonary edema, acute myocardial ischemia or stroke). These 24 patients had a higher frequency of pre-existing coronary artery disease or heart failure (P=0.0003), predicted postoperative FEV1 <1000 mL (P=0.0008), exertional dyspnea (P=0.0000), and 30-day operative cardiopulmonary complications (P=0.001). Protective features were young age (<40 years), early stage disease, and minor resection (lobectomy). Independently significant adverse prognostic factors were stage III-IV disease (cumulative CVR death rate 47% at 5-10 years; P=0.028 vs. stage I-II) and completion pneumonectomy or partial resection of the other lung for a second primary tumor (cumulative CVR death rate 50% and 57%, respectively, at 5-10 years; P=0.0016 vs. all other resections). Older age and tumor histology were significant risk factors only in patients with advanced stage disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that postoperative CVR death may be expected in patients with COPD and advanced stage NSCLC or in those undergoing completion pneumonectomy or partial resection of the other lung for a second primary tumor. Other risk factors are previous coronary artery disease and/or heart failure, exertional dyspnea and predicted postoperative FEV1 <1000 mL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery Pietro Valdoni, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. patrizia.volpino@uniroma1.it
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Volpino
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cangemi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fiori
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cangemi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Cesare
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Corsi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Di Cello
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cangemi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000150:complications; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome