title: Multipotential mesoangioblast stem cell therapy in the mdx/utrn-/- mouse model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a progressive, lethal muscle-wasting disease for which there is no treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have isolated wild-type mesoangioblasts from aorta and tested their effectiveness in alleviating severe muscle disease in the dystrophin/utrophin knockout (mdx/utrn-/-) mouse model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mesoangioblast clones express Sca-1 and Flk-1 and differentiate into smooth and skeletal muscle, glial cells and adipocytes in vitro. Mesoangioblasts proliferate in vivo, incorporate into muscle fibers, form new fibers, and promote synthesis of dystrophin and utrophin. Muscle fibers that have incorporated mesoangioblasts, as well as surrounding fibers, are protected from damage, with approximately 50-fold less damage than fibers in muscle injected with saline. Some mesoangioblasts localize beneath the basal lamina and express c-met, whereas others differentiate into smooth muscle cells at the periphery of vessels and express alpha-smooth muscle actin. In mdx/utrn-/- muscle, some mesoangioblasts also form Schwann cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mesoangioblasts differentiate into multiple cell types damaged during the progression of severe muscle disease and protect fibers from damage. As such, they are good candidates for therapy of Duchenne muscular dystrophy and perhaps other neuromuscular diseases.
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 601 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Suzanne E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.forename: Jianming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Chaney
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kaufman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001011:Aorta / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016189:Dystrophin / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000098:blood supply / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018101:Mice, Inbred mdx; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D039902:Multipotent Stem Cells / Q000637:transplantation*; D020388:Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D049411:Utrophin / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016189:Dystrophin; C483600:Utrn protein, mouse; D049411:Utrophin