title: Doxazosin for the management of distal-ureteral stones.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of doxazosin in inducing spontaneous passage of stones in the distal ureter and to compare its efficacy according to the size of the stone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-three patients with a mean age of 46.38 +/- 10.17 years who presented with a distal-ureteral stone were divided into four groups according to stone size and drug treatment: <5 mm without doxazosin (group A; n=15); 5-10 mm (group B; n=16); <5 mm with doxazosin 4 mg/day for 4 weeks (group C; n=20); and 5-10 mm with doxazosin 4 mg/day for 4 weeks (group D; n=22). Groups A and B served as controls for groups C and D, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Spontaneous stone passage was documented in 9 patients (60%) in group A v 17 (85%) in group C (P=0.047) and 7 (43.75%) in group B v 16 (72.73%) in group D (P=0.036). The average expulsion time was 8.78 +/- 1.09 days in group A v 7.59 +/- 0.80 days in group C (P=0.004) and 12.14 +/- 1.35 days in group B v 7.06 +/- 1.29 days in group D (P<0.0001). The number of pain episodes in group D patients was significantly lower than in group B (P +/- 0.0078).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Doxazosin treatment proved to be safe and effective for distal-ureteral stones, as determined by earlier expulsion, decreased colic frequency, and absence of side effects. The efficacy of doxazosin was significantly higher for 5-to 10-mm stones than for smaller ones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Patras, School of Medicine, Patras, Greece. Liatsikos@yahoo.com
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Liatsikos
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Katsakiori
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Assimakopoulos
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Voudoukis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kallidonis
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Constantinides
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Athanasopoulos
authors.forename: Jens-Uwe
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Stolzenburg
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Perimenis
mesh_terms: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000328:Adult; D003085:Colic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D017292:Doxazosin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D018401:Sample Size; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D017292:Doxazosin