title: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of loperamide plus simethicone versus loperamide alone and simethicone alone in the treatment of acute diarrhea with gas-related abdominal discomfort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare efficacy and tolerability of a loperamide/simethicone (LOP/SIM) combination product with that of loperamide (LOP) alone, simethicone (SIM) alone, and placebo (PBO) for acute nonspecific diarrhea with gas-related abdominal discomfort.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this multicenter, double-blind, 48-h study, patients were randomly assigned to receive two tablets, each containing either LOP/SIM 2 mg/125 mg (n = 121), LOP 2 mg (n = 120), SIM 125 mg (n = 123), or PBO (n = 121), followed by one tablet after each unformed stool, up to four tablets in any 24-h period. The primary outcome measures were time to last unformed stool and time to complete relief of gas-related abdominal discomfort. For time to last unformed stool, an unformed stool after a 24-h period of formed stools or no stools was considered a continuance of the original episode (stricter definition) or a new episode (alternate definition).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 483 patients were included in the intent-to-treat analysis. The median time to last unformed stool for LOP/SIM (7.6 h) was significantly shorter than that of LOP (11.5 h), SIM (26.0 h), and PBO (29.4 h) (p < or = 0.0232 in comparison with survival curves) using the alternate definition; it was numerically but not significantly shorter than that of LOP (p = 0.0709) and significantly shorter than that of SIM and PBO (p = 0.0001) using the stricter definition. LOP/SIM-treated patients had a shorter time to complete relief of gas-related abdominal discomfort than patients who received either ingredient alone or placebo (all p = 0.0001). Few patients reported adverse events in the four treatment groups, none of which were serious in nature. Potential study limitations include the ability to generalize study results to the population at large, variability in total dose consumed, and subjectivity of patient diary data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LOP/SIM was well-tolerated and more efficacious than LOP alone, SIM alone, or placebo for acute nonspecific diarrhea and gas-related abdominal discomfort.
authors.affiliation: Section of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. SHanauer@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Hanauer
authors.forename: Herbert L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: DuPont
authors.forename: Kimberly M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Laudadio
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000930:Antidiarrheals / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000934:Antifoaming Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D005414:Flatulence / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005740:Gases; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000502:physiology; D008139:Loperamide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D012841:Simethicone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000930:Antidiarrheals; D000934:Antifoaming Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005740:Gases; D010919:Placebos; D008139:Loperamide; D012841:Simethicone