title: Cancer in biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis. A population-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the potential association between giant cell arteritis (GCA) and cancer in a series of consecutive patients diagnosed with biopsy-proven GCA over a 25-year period at the single reference hospital for a well-defined population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The case records of all patients diagnosed with biopsy-proven GCA at the Department of Medicine of the Hospital Xeral-Calde (Lugo, Northwest Spain) between January 1, 1981 and December 31, 2005 were reviewed. Information on cancer and cause of death over the extended follow-up was assessed. In all cases the presence of cancer was histologically confirmed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cancer was found in 39 (15.3%) of the 255 GCA patients. Although 7 (18%) of the 39 patients had cancer either at the time or within the first 12 months after GCA diagnosis, the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) due to cancer in patients with biopsy-proven GCA showed no increase (overall SMR 1.06 [0.65-1.60]; men, 0.81; women, 1.50). The time interval between GCA diagnosis and cancer diagnosis was 5.2+/-3.8 years (median 4.2 years; interquartile range: 3-7 years). When multivariate analysis adjusted by age and sex was performed, only the presence of dysphagia (adjusted hazards ratio (HR)=3.90; P=0.04), abnormal temporal artery on physical examination (adjusted HR=4.61; P=0.04), and anemia at the time of GCA diagnosis (adjusted HR=3.39; P=0.01) were associated with an increased risk of cancer over the extended follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results from this series do not support an overall increase of mortality due to cancer in GCA.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Xeral-Calde, Lugo, Spain. miguelaggay@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Gay
authors.forename: Maria J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lopez-Diaz
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martinez-Lado
authors.forename: Jose L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Peña-Sagredo
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lopez-Agreda
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Miranda-Filloy
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Juanatey
authors.forename: Amalia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Andrade
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Llorca
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D013700:Giant Cell Arteritis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents