title: [Pneumothorax following recreational inhalation of nitrous oxide].
abstract: METHODS
  A 21 year old man was admitted to hospital as an emergency complaining of left sided chest pain. Chest radiograph revealed a complete non compressive left-sided pneumothorax which resolved following thoracic drainage. A more detailed history revealed repeated and regular use of nitrous oxide by inhalation, for its consciousness-altering effect during rave parties.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The principal side effects occurring as a consequence of repeated exposures to nitrous oxide are haematological, neuropsychiatric and teratogenic. Rare cases of pneumothorax have been described associated with the use of nitrous oxide occurring as complications of anaesthesia or during laparoscopy where gas diffuses from the abdominal to the pleural cavity. Illicit use of nitrous oxide is rare and usually occurs in medical workers. Its spreading to the public may lead to accidents and unanticipated side effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inhaled nitrous oxide can reveal asymptomatic pneumothorax by worsening it. The consequences can be dramatic in case of illicit use because of ignorance of side effects.
authors.affiliation: Service de pneumologie et réanimation respiratoire, CHU Amiens, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garbaz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mispelaere
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boutemy
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jounieaux
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004322:Drainage; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011030:Pneumothorax / Q000209:etiology*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D009609:Nitrous Oxide