title: Oral surgery in patients on anticoagulant treatment without therapy interruption.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Conflicting opinions exist in literature concerning the management of oral surgery in patients on oral anticoagulants because no consensus on perioperative protocols is available, including precise guidelines regarding the need for therapy modification or withdrawal. The aim of this study was to evaluate bleeding complications associated with oral surgery performed on patients on oral anticoagulants without therapy modification or withdrawal but following a standardized comprehensive perioperative management protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients on oral anticoagulant therapy with warfarin and in need of oral surgery underwent a thorough general and oral clinical evaluation to assess thromboembolic and bleeding risk; 255 subjects who, on the morning of surgery, had INR values <or=5.5 were included in the study. An atraumatic surgical technique was carried out and all patients received postoperative careful instructions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five cases (1.96%) of bleeding complication were observed in patients with moderate to high thromboembolic and bleeding risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings from this study suggest that a comprehensive perioperative management protocol for oral surgery in patients on oral anticoagulants including 1) thromboembolic and bleeding risk assessment, 2) an atraumatic surgical technique, and 3) postoperative careful instructions, can lead to safe and successful results with minimal complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy. giovanni.ferrieri@unimi.it
authors.forename: Giovanni B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Ferrieri
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Castiglioni
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carmagnola
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cargnel
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Strohmenger
authors.forename: Silvio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abati
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001706:Biopsy; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019934:International Normalized Ratio; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D019990:Perioperative Care; D011182:Postoperative Care; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012449:Safety; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014859:Warfarin / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D014859:Warfarin