title: Depression during pregnancy and the postpartum period in adolescent and adult Portuguese mothers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study prevalence as well as risk factors for pregnancy and postpartum depression in a sample of adolescent and adult Portuguese mothers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was administered to 108 (54 adult and 54 adolescent) Portuguese women at 24-36 weeks of pregnancy and at 2-3 months postpartum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rates for EPDS > 12 are high during the 3(rd) trimester of pregnancy (18.5%) and at 2-3 months postpartum (17.6%), and not significantly different between these two periods; more than 1/4 of the sample (27.8%) had an EPDS > 12 before or after delivery. Adolescent mothers presented more depressive symptoms as well as more EPDS > 12 than adult mothers, both in pregnancy (25.9% versus 11.1%) and at 2-3 months postpartum (25.9% versus 9.3%); moreover, when considering other socio-demographics, adolescent mothers were still at risk for depressive symptoms during pregnancy as well as for postpartum depression. Women depressed in pregnancy, and ones who are under 18 years old and who live with the partner, were at risk for postpartum EPDS > 12.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescent mothers seem particularly at risk for depression during pregnancy and the postpartum period, therefore, just like the women who are depressed during pregnancy, they should be better targeted in preventive and intervention measures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. bbfi@iep.uminho.pt
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pacheco
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Costa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003144:Communication Barriers; D003153:Community Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000451:nursing*; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D011174:Portugal / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011253:Pregnancy in Adolescence / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016387:Women's Health