title: Unphysiologically high magnesium concentrations support chondrocyte proliferation and redifferentiation.
abstract: The effect of unphysiologically high extracellular magnesium concentrations on chondrocytes, induced by the supplementation of magnesium sulfate, was studied using a 3-phase tissue engineering model. The experiments showed that chondrocyte proliferation and redifferentiation, on the gene and protein expression level, are enhanced. A negative influence was found during chondrogenesis where an inhibition of extracellular matrix formation was observed. In addition, a direct impact on chondrocyte metabolism, elevated magnesium concentrations also affected growth factor effectiveness by consecutive influences during chondrogenesis. All observations were dosage dependent. The results of this study indicate that magnesium may be a useful tool for cartilage tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: GKSS Research Centre, Institute of Materials Research, Department of Macromolecular Structure Research, Geesthacht, Germany. frank.feyerabend@gkss.de
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Feyerabend
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Witte
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kammal
authors.forename: Regine
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Willumeit
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011897:Random Allocation; D023822:Tissue Engineering
chemical_list: D008274:Magnesium