title: [Percutaneous inferior vena cava filters: indications and results in 287 patients].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anticoagulation is the treatment of choice for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Occasionally this treatment is contraindicated or fails to prevent PE. In these patients, inferior vena caval (IVC) interruption is indicated and insertion of a filter is the most commonly performed procedure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To report the experience with IVC filters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of all medical records and operative protocols of patients subjected to IVC filter implantations. Follow up was performed by telephone contact with the patient, relatives or primary physicians, ambulatory consultation or by death certificates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the period 1993-2005 we implanted IVC filters on 287 patients, 55.4% male, average age: 62.1 yrs (17-99). Indications for the procedure were DVT or PE and contraindication of anticoagulation in 141 patients (49.1%), DVT or PE and complication of anticoagulation in 65 patients (22.6%), prophylaxis in 39 patients (13.6%), massive PE or poor respiratory function in 31 patients (10.8%), paradoxal emboli in 4 patients (1.4%) and other causes in seven patients. All percutaneous devices were successfully inserted. There was no morbidity or mortality related to the procedure. The most frequent access site was the internal jugular vein (66.6%). In 24 patients (8.4%) the filter was intentionally deployed above the renal veins. Six patients (2.1%) were lost to follow up after discharge. A mean follow up of 41.5 months was achieved. Ninety one patients died, with a 5 years survival of 64.7%. Symptomatic recurrent PE occurred in 6 patients (2.1%) and was the cause of death on 3 of them (1%), DVT has been detected in 22 patients (7.7%) during the follow up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IVC filter implantation is a safe and effective short and long term measure to prevent PE and its consequences.
authors.affiliation: Cirugía Vascular y Endovascular, Departamento de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares y División de Cirugía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile.
authors.forename: Ivette
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Arriagada
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mertens
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Valdés
authors.forename: Albrecht
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krämer
authors.forename: Leopoldo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mariné
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bergoeing
authors.forename: Sebastián
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soto
authors.forename: Jeannette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vergara
authors.forename: Magaly
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valdebenito
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants; D002677:Chile / Q000453:epidemiology; D000075202:Contraindications; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016306:Vena Cava Filters; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants