title: Morphological granulometric features of nucleus in automatic bone marrow white blood cell classification.
abstract: The proportion of counts of different types of white blood cells in the bone marrow, called differential counts, provides invaluable information to doctors for diagnosis. Due to the tedious nature of the differential white blood cell counting process, an automatic system is preferable. In this paper, we investigate whether information about the nucleus alone is adequate to classify white blood cells. This is important because segmentation of nucleus is much easier than the segmentation of the entire cell, especially in the bone marrow where the white blood cell density is very high. In the experiments, a set of manually segmented images of the nucleus are used to decouple segmentation errors. We analyze a set of white-blood-cell-nucleus-based features using mathematical morphology. Fivefold cross validation is used in the experiments in which Bayes' classifiers and artificial neural networks are applied as classifiers. The classification performances are evaluated by two evaluation measures: traditional and classwise classification rates. Furthermore, we compare our results with other classifiers and previously proposed nucleus-based features. The results show that the features using nucleus alone can be utilized to achieve a classification rate of 77% on the test sets. Moreover, the classification performance is better in the classwise sense when the a priori information is suppressed in both the classifiers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. nipon@ieee.org
authors.forename: Nipon
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Theera-Umpon
authors.forename: Sompong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dhompongsa
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000145:classification* / Q000166:cytology*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007958:Leukocyte Count / Q000379:methods*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000145:classification* / Q000166:cytology*; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity