title: Caregiver burden and outcomes of caregiving of spouses of patients who undergo coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients who undergo coronary artery bypass graft surgery often rely on spouses for care during recovery. Although often meaningful, caregiving may be stressful and affect spouses' ability to provide care to the patient.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare burden and caregiving outcomes across three groups of spouses. Spouse groups varied by the interval of time between surgery and follow-up, which may have been 3, 6, or 12 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional comparative study recruited a convenience sample of 166 spouses on the basis of a power analysis. A total of 166 spouses completed caregiver surveys on burden and other caregiving outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total, objective, and subjective burden levels were low to moderate. Although no burden differences were found between groups, men had higher total burden but more positive caregiving outcomes. Future outlook and social activities were less positive in the 6-month group. Burden levels were not lower, nor were caregiving outcomes higher, in the 12-month group, suggesting a steady caregiving demand across the first year after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Longitudinal investigations are needed to understand burden and caregiving outcomes over time and the impact of burden on spousal and patient recovery outcomes.
authors.affiliation: United Hospital, St Paul, MN 55102, USA.
authors.forename: Margo A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Halm
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Treat-Jacobson
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lindquist
authors.forename: Kay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Savik
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000451:nursing / Q000534:rehabilitation; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006701:Home Nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D006786:Hospitals, Urban; D006801:Humans; D017567:Karnofsky Performance Status; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015146:Midwestern United States; D011594:Psychometrics; D012737:Sex Factors; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome