title: A comparison of the effects of diltiazem and glyceryl trinitrate ointment in the treatment of chronic anal fissure: a randomized clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anal fissure is a common problem affecting all age groups with an equal incidence in both sexes. Traditional surgical treatments, like manual anal dilatation or a sphincterotomy, effectively heal most fissures within a few weeks but such procedures may result in anal incontinence. In recent years, various medical therapies have been used for the treatment of chronic anal fissure without fear of incontinence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety patients with a symptomatic anal fissure were randomly divided into three groups. Group I was treated with 2% diltiazem ointment, Group II was treated with 0.2% glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) ointment, and Group III was kept as the control group. The improvement in the signs and symptoms, the time taken for healing, and side effects were recorded in each group. The patients were followed up monthly and then every 3 months for any recurrence of fissure. Comparative evaluations of the three groups regarding an improvement in symptoms, progress in healing, appearance of side effects, and recurrence were made using the Tukey HSD test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diltiazem ointment was found to be superior regarding pain relief, fewer side effects, and late recurrence as compared with GTN ointment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diltiazem ointment (2%) and GTN ointment (0.2%) are both effective treatment modalities for chronic anal fissure, with diltiazem giving better patient outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, 110095, India.
authors.forename: U K
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Shrivastava
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Praveen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saifee
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005401:Fissure in Ano / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009824:Ointments; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D009824:Ointments; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D004110:Diltiazem; D005996:Nitroglycerin