title: Effects of sex and APOE epsilon4 on object recognition and spatial navigation in the elderly.
abstract: To determine effects of APOE epsilon4 (epsilon4) on cognitive performance of healthy elderly, 116 nondemented elders (mean age 81 years) were cognitive tested. The established tests Faces, Family Pictures, Spatial Span Forward and Backward, and the object recognition and spatial navigation tests developed in our laboratory were used as cognitive tests. Salivary samples were collected to determine APOE genotype and salivary testosterone and cortisol levels. Non-epsilon4- and epsilon4-carrying men and women did not differ in age, Mini-Mental State Examination, Wide Range Achievement Test-Reading, Beck Anxiety Inventory, or reaction time scores. There was an effect of epsilon4 on the object recognition and spatial navigation tests, with non-epsilon4 carriers outperforming epsilon4 carriers, but not in the other cognitive tests. No relationship was found for sex and epsilon4 status or sex and performance during the hidden session of Memory Island. In men, salivary cortisol levels correlated with object recognition. These results show that object recognition and spatial navigation tests are useful to assess cognitive function in the elderly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, L470, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berteau-Pavy
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Raber
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D053329:Apolipoprotein E2 / Q000378:metabolism; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000235:genetics*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism; D012737:Sex Factors; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology; D013037:Spatial Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013739:Testosterone / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053329:Apolipoprotein E2; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D013739:Testosterone; D006854:Hydrocortisone