title: Reducing uncertainty in health-care resource allocation.
abstract: A key task for health policymakers is to optimise the outcome of health care interventions. The pricing of a new generation of cancer drugs, in combination with limited health care resources, has highlighted the need for improved methodology to estimate outcomes of different treatment options. Here we introduce new general methodology, which for the first time employs continuous hazard functions for analysis of survival data. Access to continuous hazard functions allows more precise estimations of survival outcomes for different treatment options. We illustrate the methodology by calculating outcomes for adjuvant treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumours with imatinib mesylate, which selectively inhibits the activity of a cancer-causing enzyme and is a hallmark representative for the new generation of cancer drugs. The calculations reveal that optimal drug pricing can generate all win situations that improve drug availability to patients, make the most of public expenditure on drugs and increase pharmaceutical company gross profits. The use of continuous hazard functions for analysis of survival data may reduce uncertainty in health care resource allocation, and the methodology can be used for drug price negotiations and to investigate health care intervention thresholds. Health policy makers, pharmaceutical industry, reimbursement authorities and insurance companies, as well as clinicians and patient organisations, should find the methodology useful.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Göteborg SE-405 30, Sweden.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Simonsson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sjölund
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bümming
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ahlman
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Odén
mesh_terms: D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D046152:Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D040841:Resource Allocation / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013548:Sweden