title: Deletion of IL-4Ralpha on CD4 T cells renders BALB/c mice resistant to Leishmania major infection.
abstract: Effector responses induced by polarized CD4+ T helper 2 (Th2) cells drive nonhealing responses in BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania major. Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 are known susceptibility factors for L. major infection in BALB/c mice and induce their biological functions through a common receptor, the IL-4 receptor alpha chain (IL-4Ralpha). IL-4Ralpha-deficient BALB/c mice, however, remain susceptible to L. major infection, indicating that IL-4/IL-13 may induce protective responses. Therefore, the roles of polarized Th2 CD4+ T cells and IL-4/IL-13 responsiveness of non-CD4+ T cells in inducing non-healer or healer responses have yet to be elucidated. CD4+ T cell-specific IL-4Ralpha (Lck(cre)IL-4Ralpha(-/lox)) deficient BALB/c mice were generated and characterized to elucidate the importance of IL-4Ralpha signaling during cutaneous leishmaniasis in the absence of IL-4-responsive CD4+ T cells. Efficient deletion was confirmed by loss of IL-4Ralpha expression on CD4+ T cells and impaired IL-4-induced CD4+ T cell proliferation and Th2 differentiation. CD8+, gammadelta+, and NK-T cells expressed residual IL-4Ralpha, and representative non-T cell populations maintained IL-4/IL-13 responsiveness. In contrast to IL-4Ralpha(-/lox) BALB/c mice, which developed ulcerating lesions following infection with L. major, Lck(cre)IL-4Ralpha(-/lox) mice were resistant and showed protection to rechallenge, similar to healer C57BL/6 mice. Resistance to L. major in Lck(cre)IL-4Ralpha(-/lox) mice correlated with reduced numbers of IL-10-secreting cells and early IL-12p35 mRNA induction, leading to increased delayed type hypersensitivity responses, interferon-gamma production, and elevated ratios of inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA/parasite, similar to C57BL/6 mice. These data demonstrate that abrogation of IL-4 signaling in CD4+ T cells is required to transform non-healer BALB/c mice to a healer phenotype. Furthermore, a beneficial role for IL-4Ralpha signaling in L. major infection is revealed in which IL-4/IL-13-responsive non-CD4+ T cells induce protective responses.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Radwanska
authors.forename: Antony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cutler
authors.forename: J Claire
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hoving
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Magez
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Holscher
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bohms
authors.forename: Berenice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Arendse
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kirsch
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hunig
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kaye
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brombacher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D053662:Interleukin-4 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D018320:Leishmania major / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D053662:Interleukin-4 Receptor alpha Subunit; D016753:Interleukin-10; D018664:Interleukin-12; D015847:Interleukin-4; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse