title: Prehospital emergency medical services in Malaysia.
abstract: Once a very slowly developing country in a Southeast Asia region, Malaysia has undergone considerable change over the last 20 years after the government changed its focus from agriculture to developing more industry and technology. The well-known "Vision 2020," introduced by the late Prime Minister, set a target for the nation to be a developed country in the Asia region by the year 2020. As the economy and standard of living have improved, the demand from the public for a better health care system, in particular, emergency medical services (EMS), has increased. Despite the effort by the government to improve the health care system in Malaysia, EMS within the country are currently limited, best described as being in the "developing" phase. The Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education, Civil Defense, and non-governmental organizations such as Red Crescent and St. John's Ambulance, provide the current ambulance services. At the present time, there are no uniform medical control or treatment protocols, communication systems, system management, training or education, or quality assurance policies. However, the recent development of and interest in an Emergency Medicine training program has gradually led to improved EMS and prehospital care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.
authors.forename: N A R Nik
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Hisamuddin
authors.forename: M Shah
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hamzah
authors.forename: C James
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Holliman
mesh_terms: D000552:Ambulances / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D003906:Developing Countries; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards / Q000600:supply & distribution; D004634:Emergency Medical Technicians / Q000193:education* / Q000600:supply & distribution; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000193:education; D006801:Humans; D008296:Malaysia; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care