title: Biomechanical and biochemical assessment of properties of the anterior urethra after hypospadias repair in a rabbit model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We created a rabbit model to test hypospadias operations and investigate the biomechanical properties of the urethra at long-term followup using biomechanical and biochemical assessments.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 38 New Zealand White rabbits were randomized into 4 groups, including controls, sham operation and 2 operation groups (experimental creation of a hypospadias-like defect and acute repair, respectively). In operation group 1 the ventral urethral wall and dorsal plate were longitudinally incised, half of the ventral urethral wall was excised (hypospadias-like defect) and the incised urethra was tubularized (tubularized incised posterior plate urethroplasty group). In operation group 2 the urethra was mobilized from the corpora cavernosa, excised in its distal end (hypospadias-like defect) and advanced to the glanular tip (mobilization and advancement group). At 23 weeks postoperatively biochemical and biomechanical assessments were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maximum urethral strength and stiffness, strain at maximum load and the collagen weight fraction were not significantly different among the groups. Urethral diameter was larger and the total amount of collagen was higher in the mobilization and advancement group only (p <0.05). The mechanical quality of urethral collagen was decreased in the 2 operation groups (p <0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This animal model proved to be useful for testing hypospadias operations and urethral mechanical properties. At long-term followup after experimental hypospadias repair biochemical and biomechanical assessments showed no differences among the groups in mechanical strength, strain and stiffness, and no indication of fibrosis. Consequently testing new hypospadias repair techniques and evaluating their biomechanical long-term results could be performed using hypospadiac animal models before clinical use.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital-Skejby Sygehus, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. marianna.lalla@ki.au.dk
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lalla
authors.forename: Carl Christian
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Danielsen
authors.forename: Helene
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Austevoll
authors.forename: Lars Henning
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: Troels Munch
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D014521:Urethra / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen