title: The relationship between venous gas bubbles and adverse effects of decompression after air dives.
abstract: The presence of gas bubbles in the vascular system is often considered a sign of decompression stress and several studies in the existing literature have addressed the relationship between the amount of bubbles detected by ultrasound Doppler systems and the incidence of decompression sickness. The use of ultrasound imaging has some important advantages to Doppler systems, and here we have looked at the relationship between the amount of intravascular gas bubbles detected by ultrasound echocardiography and the incidence of signs and symptoms of decompression stress after 203 air dives. The results show that venous gas bubbles detected by ultrasound imaging is a highly sensitive, although not specific, predictor of such adverse effects of decompression. Our results agree with the published concordance between Doppler detected bubbles and decompression sickness. We conclude that bubble detection by ultrasonic scanning of the heart can be used as a tool to assess the safety of decompression procedures for air dives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: O S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Eftedal
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lydersen
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Brubakk
mesh_terms: D000388:Air; D003665:Decompression Sickness / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004242:Diving / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D014463:Ultrasonography