title: Dopamine transporter binding in smokers and nonsmokers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Regional brain concentrations of dopamine transporters have been examined to elucidate the neurochemical substrates of neurologic and psychiatric conditions. Many of these conditions are associated with increased (or decreased) cigarette smoking prevalence; therefore, current smoking may confound the results of these investigations. This study determined whether healthy current smokers and nonsmokers exhibit differences in dopamine transporter (DAT) binding measured by Tc-99m TRODAT SPECT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tc-99m TRODAT SPECT brain scans were retrospectively evaluated in 46 nonsmokers and 8 current smokers, all of whom had been recruited and screened as healthy controls for previous imaging studies. The scans were acquired approximately 3 hours after the intravenous administration of 740 MBq (20 mCi) of Tc-99m TRODAT and were reconstructed with a simple bandpass filter. Regions of interest (ROIs) were placed manually on subregions of the right and left basal ganglia and distribution volume ratios (DVRs) were compared for the smoker and nonsmoker groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant decreases in DAT binding in current smokers compared with nonsmokers in the caudate nuclei bilaterally, the right anterior putamen and the left posterior putamen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reduced DAT binding in ROIs relevant to movement disorders as well as other neuropsychiatric conditions may have important implications for evaluating scans in these patient populations.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA. andrew.newberg@uphs.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Newberg
authors.forename: Caryn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lerman
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wintering
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ploessl
authors.forename: P David
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Mozley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012907:Smoking; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014326:Tropanes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D014326:Tropanes; C104196:technetium Tc 99m TRODAT-1