title: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 6 in human periapical lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in human periapical lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples were obtained from three groups of teeth: symptomatic teeth, asymptomatic lesions, and uninflamed periradicular tissues as a control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TNF-alpha levels were significantly increased in symptomatic lesions compared to control. Group with asymptomatic lesions had significantly higher concentrations compared to control. There were no significant differences in TNF-alpha levels between symptomatic and asymptomatic lesions. In group with symptomatic lesions, IL-6 levels were significantly higher than in group with asymptomatic lesions. The IL-6 levels in symptomatic group also showed significantly higher concentration in comparison with control group. In asymptomatic group, the IL-6 level had significantly higher concentrations compared to control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that symptomatic lesions represent an immunologically active stage of disease, and asymptomatic lesions are the point from which the process advances toward healing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, HR 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
authors.forename: Ivana Brekalo
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Prso
authors.forename: Willy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kocjan
authors.forename: Hrvoje
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Simić
authors.forename: Gordana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brumini
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pezelj-Ribarić
authors.forename: Josipa
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Borcić
authors.forename: Silvio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferreri
authors.forename: Ivana Miletić
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Karlović
mesh_terms: D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D010485:Periapical Periodontitis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha