title: Interstitial cystitis and painful bladder syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We quantified the burden of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome on the health care system in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  The analytical methods used to generate these results were described previously. Interstitial cystitis was defined based on International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision code 595.1 (interstitial cystitis). For painful bladder syndrome we used the definition International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision code 788.41 (urinary frequency) with code 625.8 (other specified symptoms associated with female genital organs) or 625.9 (unspecified symptoms associated with female genital organs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 1992 and 2001 there was a 2-fold increase in the rate of hospital outpatient visits and a 3-fold increase in the rate of physician office visits related to interstitial cystitis. The annualized rate was 102 office visits per 100,000 population. Ambulatory surgery for interstitial cystitis decreased. A diagnosis of interstitial cystitis was associated with a 2-fold increase in direct medical costs. Between 1994 and 2000 annual national expenditures for interstitial cystitis were stable at $37 million but annual costs for painful bladder syndrome increased from $481 million to $750 million.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although interstitial cystitis accounts for a small percent of health care visits, its economic burden is substantial. Because of misdiagnosis, the true burden of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome on the health care system in the United States is probably underestimated in administrative data that rely only on physician coding to identify the disorder. The greatest part of the disease burden is likely not captured in this economic analysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: Geoffrey F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Joyce
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.forename: J Quentin
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Clemens
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D017281:Cost of Illness; D018856:Cystitis, Interstitial / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005102:Health Expenditures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D006295:Health Resources / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology