title: Ectopic ureterocele: long-term results of open surgical therapy in 54 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the long-term results of total reconstructive bladder surgery as initial treatment of ectopic ureteroceles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Long-term followup was evaluated in 54 children treated for ectopic ureteroceles with total upper and lower urinary tract reconstructive surgery between 1988 and 2003, with special focus on the primary outcome factors continence and urinary tract infections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient age at surgery was 0 to 8.8 years old (median 1.0), including 34 patients younger than 1 year. Followup was 2.3 to 15.6 years (median 9.6). Of the patients 94% became continent. During the last 2 years 17% of the patients experienced 1 or 2 uncomplicated episodes of urinary tract infection. One of the patients with incontinence received chemoprophylaxis due to frequent urinary tract infections. Secondary endoscopic procedures were necessary in 10 patients due to persistent reflux, and in 7 patients due to obstructive voiding. Reflux was present preoperatively in 33 patients, and low grade reflux was present postoperatively in 7, all of whom were treated conservatively. A total of 11 children presenting with dysfunctional voiding will be or have been trained in biofeedback.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The vast majority of patients treated with total reconstructive bladder surgery become continent and do not suffer from lower urinary tract symptoms during the long term. The reoperation rate is low compared to series beginning with endoscopic surgery. Based on the results of this study, we suggest that total reconstructive upper and lower urinary tract surgery be the treatment of choice for ectopic ureteroceles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Urology, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Aida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beganović
authors.forename: Aart J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Klijn
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dik
authors.forename: Tom P V M
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: De Jong
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019299:Decompression, Surgical; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012086:Reoperation; D014518:Ureterocele / Q000150:complications / Q000151:congenital* / Q000601:surgery*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000601:surgery; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000209:etiology