title: Physical and chemical stability of palonosetron hydrochloride with five opiate agonists during simulated Y-site administration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The physical and chemical compatibility of palonosetron hydrochloride with fentanyl citrate, hydromorphone hydrochloride, meperidine hydrochloride, morphine sulfate, and sufentanil citrate during simulated Y-site administration was studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Test samples were prepared in triplicate by mixing 7.5-mL samples of undiluted palonosetron 50 microg/mL (of palonosetron) with 7.5-mL samples of fentanyl citrate 50 microg/mL, morphine sulfate 15 mg/mL, hydromorphone hydrochloride 0.5 mg/mL, meperidine hydrochloride 10 mg/mL, and sufentanil citrate 12.5 microg/mL (of sufentanil) per milliliter individually in colorless 15-mL borosilicate glass screw-cap culture tubes with polypropylene caps. Physical stability of the admixtures was assessed by visual examination and by measuring turbidity and particle size and content. Chemical stability was assessed by stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography. Evaluations were performed immediately and one and four hours after mixing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the admixtures were initially clear and colorless in normal fluorescent room light and when viewed with a high-intensity monodirectional light (Tyndall beam) and were essentially without haze. Changes in turbidity were minor throughout the study. Particulates measuring 10 microm or larger were few in all samples throughout the observation period. The admixtures remained colorless throughout the study. No loss of palonosetron hydrochloride occurred with any of the opiate agonists tested over the four-hour period. Similarly, little or no loss of the opiate agonists occurred over the four-hour period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Palonosetron hydrochloride was physically and chemically stable with fentanyl citrate, hydromorphone hydrochloride, meperidine hydrochloride, morphine sulfate, and sufentanil citrate during simulated Y-site administration.
authors.affiliation: TriPharma Research, Cashiers, NC 28717-0265, USA. tripharma@mail.com
authors.forename: Lawrence A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Trissel
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trusley
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ben
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Kupiec
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000737:chemistry*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004344:Drug Incompatibility; D004355:Drug Stability; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000737:chemistry*; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; D000077924:Palonosetron; D010316:Particle Size; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions; D011812:Quinuclidines / Q000737:chemistry*; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000819:agonists
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000932:Antiemetics; D007546:Isoquinolines; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions; D011812:Quinuclidines; D011957:Receptors, Opioid; D000077924:Palonosetron