title: A small molecule pan-Bcl-2 family inhibitor, GX15-070, induces apoptosis and enhances cisplatin-induced apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Overexpression of Bcl-2 family members as well as deregulated apoptosis pathways are known hallmarks of lung cancer. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells are typically resistant to cytotoxic chemotherapy and approaches that alter the balance between pro-survival and pro-death Bcl-2 family members have shown promise in preclinical models of NSCLC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here we evaluated the effects of a novel pan-Bcl-2 inhibitor GX15-070 on NSCLC survival and when combined with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors as well as traditional cytotoxic agents. GX15-070 is a small molecule agent that binds anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins and interferes with their ability to interact with pro-apoptotic proteins. We evaluated the effect of GX15-070 and correlated the effect on EGFR status as well as Bcl-2 family protein expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We show that GX15-070 can disrupt Mcl-1:Bak interactions in lung cancer cells. We identified differential sensitivity of a panel of lung cancer cells to GX15-070 and no clear relationship existed between EGFR status or Bcl-2 family protein expression and sensitivity to GX15-070. GX15-070 could induce apoptosis in a subset of lung cancer cell lines and this correlated with the effects on cell viability. GX15-070 combined with gefitinib was synergistic in a cell line dependent on EGFR for survival but GX15-070 could not reverse resistance to gefitinib in cell lines not dependent on EGFR for survival. Finally, we observed synergy between GX15-070 and cisplatin in NSCLC cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on these results, GX15-070 can trigger apoptosis in NSCLC cells and can enhance chemotherapy-induced death. These data suggest that clinical trials with GX15-070 in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy are indicated.
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, MRC3 East, Tampa, FL 33612-9497, USA.
authors.forename: Jiannong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Viallet
authors.forename: Eric B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Haura
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D007211:Indoles; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007211:Indoles; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D011758:Pyrroles; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D066246:ErbB Receptors; C022616:thiazolyl blue; D002945:Cisplatin; C520962:obatoclax