title: Key reports from the XV International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop 2006.
abstract: The XV International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop recorded advances in basic and clinical science of HIV resistance to antiretrovirals as well as new findings on resistance by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). In the clinical arena, attendees learned of four cases of resistance to lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy, correlation between low-frequency pretreatment mutations and failure of a first antiretroviral regimen, emergence of non-nucleoside-related mutations in 20% of patients interrupting a suppressive nonnucleoside regimen, and evolution of mutations conferring resistance to an HIV entry inhibitor that is being studied as a vaginal microbicide. New data reported from the POWER 1, 2 and 3 salvage trials suggested that there is a close correlation between darunavir (TMC114) phenotypic susceptibility, the number of baseline protease inhibitor-related resistance mutations and virological response. Scientists exploring the mechanisms of resistance reported of mutations in the carboxy-terminal domain of reverse transcriptase that may further resistance to zidovudine, novel mutations that may contribute to resistance of both nucleoside and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and a mechanism that HCV and HIV may share to resist antiviral therapy.
authors.affiliation: Eijkman Winkler Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands 3RDI, London, UK.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mascolini
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boucher
authors.forename: Brendan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Larder
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mellors
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Richman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004279:DNA, Viral; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology; D006505:Hepatitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D018579:Patient Selection; D010641:Phenotype; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral