title: Larch (Larix kaempferi) xylem parenchyma cells respond to subfreezing temperature by deep supercooling.
abstract: In previous studies, xylem parenchyma cells (XPCs) in the boreal softwood species larch, which has thick and rigid walls similar to those of XPCs in boreal hardwood species, were shown to respond to subfreezing temperature by deep supercooling during summer but change their freezing behavior to extracellular freezing during winter. In this study, we re-examined freezing behavior of XPCs in larch by observation of deep etching of frozen samples as well as observation of re-warmed samples after freezing using a cryo-scanning electron microscope. The results showed that XPCs in larch adapts to subfreezing temperature by deep supercooling throughout all seasons. Such freezing behavior is the same as that of XPCs in boreal hardwood species.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Woody Plant Biology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kasuga
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takata
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamane
authors.forename: Katsushi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.forename: Keita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arakawa
authors.forename: Seizo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujikawa
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization / Q000502:physiology; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003080:Cold Temperature; D020285:Cryoelectron Microscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005615:Freezing; D028221:Larix / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods; D012621:Seasons; D052584:Xylem / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure