title: Sedation analgesia during office-based plastic surgery procedures: comparison of two opioid regimens.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The combination of sedative and analgesic drugs is increasingly being used during minimally invasive surgery. The authors compared the clinical efficacy of two different fentanyl regimens, in combination with midazolam, for sedation analgesia in patients undergoing office-based plastic surgery procedures under local anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-hundred patients were randomized into two groups of 50 subjects each. Group F1 received a fentanyl bolus of 0.7 microg/kg before infiltration with local anaesthetics; group F2 received the same bolus plus 0.6 microg/kg fentanyl every 45 minutes. All patients received a midazolam bolus of 0.05 mg/kg plus continuous infusion 0.08 mg/kg per hour.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High-quality analgesia was obtained in every group, without significant differences between the two fentanyl regimens. Group F2 was associated with lower intraoperative mean blood pressure and SpO2 values compared with group F1. No differences were detected between the two groups in perioperative side effects or postoperative pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher doses of opioid did not improve the quality of perioperative patient comfort but acted synergistically with the sedative drugs, amplifying the hemodynamic and respiratory side effects.
authors.affiliation: Foggia, Italy From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care and Plastic Surgery, University of Foggia.
authors.forename: Gilda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cinnella
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meola
authors.forename: Aurelio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Portincasa
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Parisi
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morgese
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pavone
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dambrosio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007022:Hypotension / Q000209:etiology; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D010092:Oximetry
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008874:Midazolam; D005283:Fentanyl