title: Sp1 and Sp3 regulate basal transcription of the human APOBEC3G gene.
abstract: APOBEC3G (A3G), a member of the recently discovered family of human cytidine deaminases, is expressed in peripheral blood lymphocytes and has been shown to be active against HIV-1 and other retroviruses. To gain new insights into the transcriptional regulation of this restriction factor, we cloned and characterized the promoter region of A3G. Transcriptional start sites were identified by 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends analysis. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that a 1025 bp A3G promoter sequence (from -959 to +66 relative to the major transcriptional start site) displayed constitutive promoter activity. In T cells, the A3G promoter was not inducible by mitogenic stimulation, interferon treatment or expression of HIV-1 proteins. Using a series of 5' deletion promoter constructs in luciferase reporter assays, we identified a 180 bp region that was sufficient for full promoter activity. Transcriptional activity of this A3G core promoter was dependent on a GC-box (located at position -87/-78 relative to the major transcriptional start site) and was abolished after mutation of this DNA element. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that the identified GC-box represented a binding site for the ubiquitous transcription factors specificity protein (Sp) 1 and Sp3.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 51-59, D-63225 Langen, Germany.
authors.forename: Heide
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Muckenfuss
authors.forename: Julia K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Krebil
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Battenberg
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schwer
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cichutek
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Münk
authors.forename: Egbert
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Flory
mesh_terms: D000071480:APOBEC-3G Deaminase; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009700:Nucleoside Deaminases / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D034622:RNA Interference; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051705:Sp3 Transcription Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D024363:Transcription Initiation Site; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D012097:Repressor Proteins; C497121:SP3 protein, human; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor; D051705:Sp3 Transcription Factor; D009700:Nucleoside Deaminases; D000071480:APOBEC-3G Deaminase; C464924:APOBEC3G protein, human; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase