title: Conjugated linoleic acid affects lipid composition, metabolism, and gene expression in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L).
abstract: To maximize growth, farmed fish are fed high-fat diets, which can lead to high tissue lipid concentrations that have an impact on quality. The intake of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduces body fat in mammals and this study was undertaken to determine the effects of dietary CLA on growth, composition, and postprandial metabolic variables in sea bream. Fish were fed 3 diets containing 48 g/100 g protein and 24 g/100 g fat, including fish oil supplemented with 0 (control), 2, or 4% CLA for 12 wk. Feed intake, specific growth rate, total body fat, and circulating somatolactin concentration were lower in fish fed CLA than in controls. Feed efficiency was greater in fish fed 2% CLA than in controls. Liver triglyceride concentrations were higher in fish fed 4% CLA and muscle triglyceride concentrations were lower in fish fed both CLA diets than in controls. Hepatic fatty acyl desaturase and elongase mRNA levels in fish fed CLA were lower than in controls. Metabolic differences between controls and CLA-fed fish were observed at 6 h but not at 24 h after the last meal, including lower postprandial circulating triglyceride concentrations, higher hepatic acyl-CoA-oxidase, and lower L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities in CLA-fed fish than in controls. Dietary CLA did not affect enzymes involved in lipogenesis including hepatic fatty acid synthase and malic enzyme, but it decreased glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity at 24 h, but not at 6 h after feeding. The data suggest that CLA intake in sea bream has little effect on hepatic lipogenesis, channels dietary lipid from adipose tissue to the liver, and switches hepatic mitochondrial to peroxisomal beta-oxidation.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular IV, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Amalia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diez
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Menoyo
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pérez-Benavente
authors.forename: Josep A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Calduch-Giner
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vega-Rubin de Celis
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Obach
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Favre-Krey
authors.forename: Evridiki
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boukouvala
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Leaver
authors.forename: Douglas R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Tocher
authors.forename: Jaume
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pérez-Sanchez
authors.forename: Grigorios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Krey
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bautista
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006128:Growth / Q000187:drug effects; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D021541:Sea Bream; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; D014280:Triglycerides