title: ACP-103, a 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor inverse agonist, improves the antipsychotic efficacy and side-effect profile of haloperidol and risperidone in experimental models.
abstract: Dopamine D(2) receptor antagonism contributes to the therapeutic action of antipsychotic drugs (APDs) but also produces undesirable side effects, including extrapyramidal motor deficits, cognitive dulling, and prolactinemia. The introduction of atypical APDs was a significant advancement in the treatment of schizophrenia. Whereas these agents are D(2) receptor antagonists, they are also potent 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)(2A) receptor inverse agonists, a feature that may explain their improved efficacy and tolerability. Recently, we reported that N-(4-fluorophenylmethyl)-N-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-N'-(4-(2-methylpropyloxy)phenylmethyl) carbamide (2R,3R)-dihydroxybutanedioate (2:1) (ACP-103), a novel selective 5-HT(2A) receptor inverse agonist that fails to bind D(2) receptors, is active in several models predictive of antipsychotic activity. Using ACP-103, we tested the hypothesis that combining high levels of 5-HT(2A) inverse agonism with low levels of D(2) antagonism would result in a favorable interaction, such that antipsychotic efficacy could be achieved with reduced D(2) receptor-related adverse effects. Here we show that ACP-103 1) potently inhibited head-twitching produced by the 5-HT(2A/2C) receptor agonist (+/-)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine, 2) increased the potency of haloperidol against amphetamine-induced hyperactivity, 3) interacted synergistically with haloperidol or risperidone to suppress hyperactivity induced by the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist (5R,10S)-(+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine hydrogen maleate (MK-801), and, by contrast, 4) attenuated haloperido-l- or risperidone-induced prolactinemia. ACP-103 also attenuated catalepsy produced by haloperidol or risperidone. However, the doses that were required for this effect were higher than would be expected for a 5-HT(2A) receptor-mediated mechanism. These data indicate that utilizing ACP-103 as an adjunctive therapy to currently used APDs may result in enhanced antipsychotic efficacy while reducing adverse effects including those attributable to D(2) receptor antagonism.
authors.affiliation: ACADIA Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 3911 Sorrento Valley Blvd., San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
authors.forename: Luis R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Gardell
authors.forename: Kimberly E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Vanover
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pounds
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barido
authors.forename: Gary T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Isaac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Veinbergs
authors.forename: Agnete
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dyssegaard
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brunmark
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tabatabaei
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Brann
authors.forename: Uli
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hacksell
authors.forename: Douglas W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Bonhaus
mesh_terms: D000661:Amphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000662:Amphetamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D002375:Catalepsy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate / Q000494:pharmacology; D065127:Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D019416:Head Movements / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018967:Risperidone / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D058826:Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000662:Amphetamines; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D065127:Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists; D010880:Piperidines; D058826:Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate; D014508:Urea; D011388:Prolactin; D000661:Amphetamine; D006220:Haloperidol; C510793:pimavanserin; D018967:Risperidone; C015952:4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine