title: THE PPARgamma ligand 15d-PGJ2 modulates macrophage activation after injury in a murine trauma model.
abstract: In macrophages, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) has been shown to be important for differentiation, and it serves as a negative regulator of activation. Major trauma/injury causes a dramatic host response that disrupts cellular immune homeostasis and initiates an inflammatory cascade that predisposes the injured host to subsequent infections. In prior studies using a murine trauma model consisting of femur fracture and hemorrhage, splenic macrophages from traumatized mice had significantly enhanced LPS-induced cyclooxygenase enzyme (subtype 2) and iNOS production as well as elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines at 1 week after injury compared with uninjured controls. These up-regulated cellular responses corresponded to increased mortality when animals were challenged with LPS or Candida. In the current study, we used the injury model to determine the effect of treatment of injured mice with the endogenous PPARgamma ligand 15-deoxy-Delta(12-, 14)-PGJ2 (15d-PGJ2). It was found that in vivo 15d-PGJ2 treatment significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory mediators produced by splenic macrophages 7 days after injury. The mechanism of inhibition is dependent on PPARgamma because concomitant treatment of animals with the PPARgamma antagonist GW9662 reversed the inhibitory effect of 15d-PGJ2. Endogenous PPARgamma modulated activation of LPS-induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Furthermore, treatment of injured mice with 15d-PGJ2 conferred a significant survival advantage after infectious challenge induced by cecal ligation and puncture. Thus, this PPARgamma ligands significantly attenuate the postinjury inflammatory response and improve survival after infectious challenge.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Temple University School of Medicine, 3400 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA. amonroy@temple.edu
authors.forename: M Alexandra
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Monroy
authors.forename: Kay K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Opperman
authors.forename: Margo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pucciarelli
authors.forename: Smitha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yerrum
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Daly
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D015230:Prostaglandin D2 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000502:physiology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C477819:15-deoxyprostaglandin J2; D047495:PPAR gamma; D015230:Prostaglandin D2