title: Association of gene polymorphisms with intervertebral disc degeneration and vertebral osteophyte formation.
abstract: METHODS
  Cross-sectional cohort study of elderly people.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the factors influencing osteophyte formation without lumbar disc degeneration and to estimate the implications of osteophytes from the viewpoint of low back pain and gene polymorphisms.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The degenerative changes that occur in the intervertebral discs are the point of departure of osteophyte formation. Several studies on factors associated with genetic susceptibility to spinal osteophyte formation, such as VDR and TGF-beta1. However, there are no detailed studies concerning osteophytes not accompanied with disc degeneration.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 387 elderly persons were recruited, and disc degeneration and osteophyte formation were evaluated. The cases with osteophyte formation were classified into 3 groups: osteophyte formation with disc height narrowing (n = 217), osteophyte formation without disc height narrowing (n = 99), and control group defined as the cases without osteophyte formation (n = 71). Twelve genotypes were characterized. Correlations between these degenerative factors and the polymorphisms were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of low back pain was significantly greater in the group of osteophyte formation with disc height narrowing than the other 2 groups. In the polymorphism of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH2), prevalence of osteophyte formation without disc height narrowing was less in His/Arg (odds ratio = 0.57, P = 0.041) and Arg/Arg (odds ratio = 0.41, P = 0.18) than His/His.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with osteophyte formation preceding intervertebral disc narrowing had a lower risk of low back pain compared with those without osteophytes. The 47Arg polymorphism in the ADH2 may act to suppress osteophyte formation unaffected by disc degeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan. jsakai@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoshihito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuyama
authors.forename: Yukiharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Hisatake
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshihara
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Yoshito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Imagama
authors.forename: Zenya
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishiguro
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hamajima
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D015995:Prevalence; D011859:Radiography; D012307:Risk Factors; D013128:Spinal Osteophytosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C489332:ADH1B protein, human; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase