title: A child with primary Sjögren syndrome and a review of the literature.
abstract: Primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) is an uncommon disease in childhood. Childhood pSS might have different clinical manifestations than adult pSS. We describe a 13-year-old girl with multiple episodes of bilateral parotid swelling lasting 2 years. Her history included severe arthralgia, local edema, and purpura episodes since 9 years of age. During her 3-week hospitalization, 2 episodes of parotid swelling occurred, which both resolved in 48 hours. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance images of parotid glands showed parenchymal inhomogeneity related to adipose degeneration and nodular pattern. Investigations showed elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, the presence of hypergammaglobulinemia, positive antinuclear antibody, and elevated rheumatoid factor, anti-Sjögren syndrome antigen A, and anti-Sjögren syndrome antigen B. Histopathologic examination of labial minor salivary glands revealed focal periductal lymphocytic infiltrate and sialoduct ectasia. She was diagnosed as having pSS. Recurrent parotid swelling is a more characteristic feature of disease in children, and this finding should alert the clinician to the possible diagnosis of pSS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey. mcivilibal@gmail.com
authors.forename: Mahmut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Civilibal
authors.forename: Nur
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Canpolat
authors.forename: Ayse
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yurt
authors.forename: Sebuh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kurugoglu
authors.forename: Sibel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Erdamar
authors.forename: Onur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bagci
authors.forename: Lale
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sever
authors.forename: Ozgur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kasapcopur
authors.forename: Salim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Caliskan
authors.forename: Nil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arisoy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000843:Ankle Joint; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000209:etiology; D004487:Edema / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint; D010305:Parotid Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011693:Purpura; D012008:Recurrence; D012470:Salivary Glands, Minor / Q000473:pathology; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D014463:Ultrasonography