title: Point-of-care testing of capillary glucose in the exclusion and diagnosis of diabetes in remote Australia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the utility of point-of-care (POC) capillary blood glucose measurements in the diagnosis and exclusion of diabetes in usual practice in primary health care in remote areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study comparing POC capillary glucose results with corresponding venous glucose levels measured in a reference laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  200 participants aged 16-65 years enrolled: 198 had POC capillary glucose measurements; 164 also had acceptable venous glucose laboratory results.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven health care sites in the Kimberley region of Western Australia from May to November 2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  Concordance and mean differences between POC capillary blood glucose measurement and laboratory measurement of venous blood glucose level; POC capillary blood glucose equivalence values for excluding and diagnosing diabetes, and their sensitivity, specificity and positive-predictive value.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concordance between POC and laboratory results was high (rho=0.93, P<0.001). The mean difference in results was 0.48 mmol/L (95% CI, 0.23-0.73; limits of agreement, - 2.6 to 3.6 mmol/L). The POC capillary glucose equivalence values for excluding and diagnosing diabetes were < 5.5 mmol/L (sensitivity, 53.3%; specificity, 94.4%; positive-predictive value, 88.9%; for a venous value of < 5.5 mmol/L) and >or= 12.2 mmol/L (sensitivity, 83.3%; specificity, 99.3%; positive-predictive value, 95.2%; for a venous value of >or= 11.1 mmol/L), respectively. While the choice of glucometer and whether or not patients were fasting altered these results, they did not have a significant influence on the diagnostic utility of POC glucose measurement in this setting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  POC capillary blood glucose analysers can be used as part of the process of diagnosing and excluding diabetes in remote rural communities using these locally established capillary equivalence values.
authors.affiliation: The Rural Clinical School of Western Australia, The University of Western Australia, Broome, WA, Australia. Julia.Marley@uwa.edu.au
authors.forename: Julia V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Marley
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Kerryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: Bradleigh D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Hayhow
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: Jacki K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Mein
authors.forename: Carmel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Atkinson
authors.forename: Graeme P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Maguire
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002648:Child; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques; D003153:Community Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000458:organization & administration; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems / Q000458:organization & administration*; D019035:Rural Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014904:Western Australia / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin