title: KIR genes polymorphism in Argentinean Caucasoid and Amerindian populations.
abstract: In natural killer cells, killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) loci code for either inhibitory or activating receptors, and according to the number of genes present in each individual, it is possible to identify a high rate of polymorphism in the populations. We performed KIR typing by polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific oligonucleotide probing in 402 Argentinean Caucasoid and in two Amerindian populations (101 Wichis and 54 Chiriguanos) from the North of Argentina. KIR2DL4, KIR3DL2, KIR3DL3 and KIR3DP1 were always present, whereas the frequencies of KIR2DL1, KIR2DL3, KIR2DS4, KIR3DL1 and KIR2DP1 ranged between 84% and 96%. The frequencies of KIR2DS2, KIR2DL2, KIR2DL5, KIR2DS5, KIR2DS1 and KIR3DS1 ranged between 41% and 62%. The KIR2DS3 with a frequency of 29% in Argentinean Caucasoid population was present at a very low frequency in Amerindian populations. Haplotype segregation studies performed in 10 Wichi families showed the presence of only three haplotypes: A, B5 and B1. The Amerindian populations showed several similarities to Asian but not to Caucasoid populations with regard to the frequency of KIR2DS3, full-length KIR2DS4 gene and KIR2DL4 alleles.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Inmunogenética, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Marcos
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Paladino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Capucchio
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Theiler
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arruvito
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pardo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Habegger
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Middleton
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fainboim
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001118:Argentina; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics; D005787:Gene Frequency; D014644:Genetic Variation; D015236:HLA-C Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D006239:Haplotypes; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D007199:Indians, South American / Q000235:genetics; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000235:genetics*; D054340:Receptors, KIR; D054342:Receptors, KIR2DL1; D054343:Receptors, KIR2DL2; D054344:Receptors, KIR2DL3; D054345:Receptors, KIR2DL4; D054341:Receptors, KIR3DL1; D054347:Receptors, KIR3DL2; D054349:Receptors, KIR3DS1; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015236:HLA-C Antigens; C515077:KIR2DL2 protein, human; C515078:KIR2DL3 protein, human; C515079:KIR2DL4 protein, human; C515083:KIR3DL1 protein, human; C515084:KIR3DL2 protein, human; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D054340:Receptors, KIR; D054342:Receptors, KIR2DL1; D054343:Receptors, KIR2DL2; D054344:Receptors, KIR2DL3; D054345:Receptors, KIR2DL4; D054341:Receptors, KIR3DL1; D054347:Receptors, KIR3DL2; D054349:Receptors, KIR3DS1