Anabolic steroid abuse: psychiatric and physical costs.
The psychiatric effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids (i.e., testosterone and its derivatives) have been less well studied than their physical effects but are reported to include depression, mania, psychosis, and aggression. Dependence can also occur, with withdrawal involving psychiatric and physical symptoms. Adverse effects of steroid abuse should be managed by discontinuing the drugs-by tapering if necessary-and by treating the symptoms.
Talih
Farid
F
Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, and Sleep Disorders Center, Cleveland Clinic, OH 44195, USA. talihf@ccf.org
Fattal
Omar
O
Malone
Donald
D
D000374:Aggression; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced*; D011618:Psychotic Disorders; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications*