title: Linkage of the California Pesticide Use Reporting Database with spatial land use data for exposure assessment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The State of California maintains a comprehensive Pesticide Use Reporting Database (CPUR). The California Department of Water Resources (CDWR) maps all crops in agricultural counties in California about once every 5 years.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We integrated crop maps with CPUR to more accurately locate where pesticides are applied and evaluated the effects for exposure assessment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We mapped 577 residences and used the CPUR and CDWR data to compute two exposure metrics based on putative pesticide use within a 500-m buffer. For the CPUR metric, we assigned pesticide exposure to the residence proportionally for all square-mile Sections that intersected the buffer. For the CDWR metric, we linked CPUR crop-specific pesticide use to crops mapped within the buffer and assigned pesticide exposure. We compared the metrics for six pesticides: simazine, trifluralin (herbicides), dicofol, propargite (insecticides), methyl bromide, and metam sodium (fumigants).
  
  
  RESULTS
  For all six pesticides we found good agreement (88-98%) as to whether the pesticide use was predicted. When we restricted the analysis to residences with reported pesticide use in Sections within 500 m, agreement was greatly reduced (35-58%). The CPUR metric estimates of pesticide use within 500 m were significantly higher than the CDWR metric for all six pesticides.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings may have important implications for exposure classification in epidemiologic studies of agricultural pesticide use using CPUR. There is a need to conduct environmental and biological measurements to ascertain which, if any, of these metrics best represent exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1681, USA. junckols@colostate.edu
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Nuckols
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Gunier
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Riggs
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Peggy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Mary H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods*; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D018556:Crops, Agricultural; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003710:Demography; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D006801:Humans; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides