title: Interleukin-6 receptor-mediated activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) promotes choroidal neovascularization.
abstract: Interleukin (IL)-6, a potent proinflammatory cytokine, is suggested to be a risk factor for choroidal neovascularization (CNV) because of its increased levels in the serum of patients with age-related macular degeneration; however, the role of IL-6 in CNV has not been defined. The present study reveals the critical contribution of IL-6 signaling and its downstream STAT3 pathway to the murine model of laser-induced CNV. CNV induction by laser treatment stimulated IL-6 expression in the retinal pigment epithelium-choroid complex, and antibody-based blockade of IL-6 receptor or genetic ablation of IL-6 led to significant suppression of CNV. CNV generation was accompanied by STAT3 activation in choroidal endothelial cells and macrophages, and IL-6 receptor blockade resulted in selectively inhibited phosphorylation of STAT3 but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Consistently, pharmacological blockade of STAT3 pathway also suppressed CNV. In addition, IL-6 receptor neutralization led to significant inhibition of the in vivo and in vitro expression of inflammation-related molecules including monocyte chemotactic protein, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor, and of macrophage infiltration into CNV. These results indicate the significant involvement of IL-6 receptor-mediated activation of STAT3 inflammatory pathway in CNV generation, suggesting the possibility of IL-6 receptor blockade as a therapeutic strategy to suppress CNV associated with age-related macular degeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Kanako
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Izumi-Nagai
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ozawa
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mihara
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohsugi
authors.forename: Toshihide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurihara
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koto
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Satofuka
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsubota
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okano
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oike
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishida
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020256:Choroidal Neovascularization; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010766:Phosphorylation; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494087:Stat3 protein, mouse; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases