title: Low-dose versus high-dose cyclosporine induction protocols in renal transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current immunosuppressive therapies are effective to prevent acute rejection episodes (ARE) and graft loss following renal transplantation. Newer agents now make it possible to develop equally efficacious but better tolerated, less toxic strategies. We compared the efficacy of early low- versus high-dose cyclosporine (CsA) induction therapy in living donor renal transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this single-center study, 90 consecutive recipients of living donor kidney transplants between November 2002 to October 2003 including 51 females and mean average age of 48.23 years were treated with either CsA (5 mg/kg/d) plus mycophenolae mofetil (MMF; 30 mg/kg/d) and prednisolone (1 mg/kg/d; group 1; n=42); or CsA (8 mg/kg/d) plus MMF (30 mg/kg/d) and prednisolone (1 mg/kg/d; group 2; n=48). The 2 groups were matched with respect to age, sex, underlying renal diseases, pretransplantation dialysis period, number of transplantations, and panel-reactive antibody tests. CsA dose tapering was initiated in the 2 group 3 months after transplantation. At the end of the first year, the CsA dose was 3.5 +/- 0.65 mg/kg in group 1 and 3.4 +/- 0.34 mg/kg in group 2. Prednisolone was tapered within the first 2 months, reaching 10 mg/d in all patients. The MMF dose remained unchanged. The 2 groups were compared with respect to ARE, patient and graft survivals, and clinical outcomes within 2 years after transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between the 2 groups with respect to clinical outcomes, including 2-year patient survival (97.62% vs 97.92%; P=.76), 2-year graft survival (80.32% vs 80.41%; P=.82), ARE (47.61% vs 52.08%; P=.09), or length of immediate postsurgical hospital stay, number of readmissions, total hospitalization days, posttransplantation diabetes mellitus, and infectious, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and hematologic complications. There was more hypertension (67.5% vs 50.23%; P=.007), hypertriglyceridemia (45.5% vs 32.64%; P=.005), and elevated liver enzymes in group 2 (12.5% vs 7.14%; P=.018).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with 8 mg/kg CsA induction therapy, the lower doses of CsA were effective, well tolerated, and safe with relatively fewer side effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. ghaf_ali@yahoo.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghafari
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Makhdoomi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ahmadpour
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Afshari
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Fallah
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Rad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid