title: Robotic laparoscopic distal gastrectomy: a comparison of the da Vinci and Zeus systems.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The robotic surgical systems working on a master-slave principle have been developed and used in the worldwide in cardiac, urologic, and general surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The two robotic systems, the da Vinci and the Zeus Robotic Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical, Calif., USA), were compared with the aim of evaluating operative feasibility and technical efficacy in distal gastrectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During laparoscopic gastrectomy, the da Vinci System (n = 2) had a shorter total operative time (445 versus 656 minutes; p = 0.09) and less blood loss (65 versus 277 mL; p = 0.08) compared with the Zeus System (n = 3). The articulated instruments of both systems were useful in lymph node dissection, isolation of vessels in fat tissue, ligation of vessels, and intraabdominal anastomosis of the gastrointestinal tract. Robotic laparoscopic procedures can be performed effectively using either the da Vinci or Zeus System.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this limited study, the robotic instruments, especially those of da Vinci system, made it easier to complete tissue dissection including lymph nodes, complicated endoscopic anastomoses, and ligatures in a closed cavity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Science, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kakeji
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ieiri
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasunaga
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanoue
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maehara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashizume
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D020699:Gastroscopes; D006801:Humans; D020706:Laparoscopes; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012371:Robotics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome