title: Vascular endothelial growth factor is induced by the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and oncostatin m in human adipose tissue in vitro and in murine adipose tissue in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is believed that adipose tissue acts as an endocrine organ by producing inflammatory mediators and thereby contributes to the increased cardiovascular risk seen in obesity. A link between adipose tissue mass and angiogenesis has been suggested. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) seems to be implicated in this process. Members of the glycoprotein (gp)130 ligand family regulate VEGF expression in other cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We used tissue explants as well as primary cultures of preadipocytes and adipocytes from human subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue to investigate whether the gp130 ligands oncostatin M (OSM), interleukin-6 (IL-6), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) regulate VEGF expression in human adipose tissue. Human subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue responded to treatment with IL-6 and OSM with a significant increase in VEGF production. Human preadipocytes were isolated from subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue. Adipocyte-differentiation was induced by hormone-supplementation. All cell types responded to IL-6 and OSM with a robust increase in VEGF protein production and a similar increase in VEGF-specific mRNA. Furthermore, IL-1beta synergistically enhanced the effect of OSM on VEGF production. AG-490, a JAK/STAT inhibitor, abolished the OSM-dependent VEGF induction almost completely. In mice, IL-6 and OSM increased serum levels of VEGF and VEGF mRNA and vessel density in adipose tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We speculate that the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and OSM might support angiogenesis during adipose tissue growth by upregulating VEGF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rega
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kaun
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demyanets
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pfaffenberger
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rychli
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hohensinner
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Kastl
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Speidl
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Breuss
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Furnkranz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Uhrin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zaujec
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zilberfarb
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frey
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roehle
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maurer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wojta
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D050822:Cytokine Receptor gp130 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D023421:Models, Animal; D053683:Oncostatin M / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015854:Up-Regulation; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D053683:Oncostatin M; D050822:Cytokine Receptor gp130