title: Finding fluorescent needles in the cardiac haystack: tracking human mesenchymal stem cells labeled with quantum dots for quantitative in vivo three-dimensional fluorescence analysis.
abstract: Stem cells show promise for repair of damaged cardiac tissue. Little is known with certainty, however, about the distribution of these cells once introduced in vivo. Previous attempts at tracking delivered stem cells have been hampered by the autofluorescence of host tissue and limitations of existing labeling techniques. We have developed a novel loading approach to stably label human mesenchymal stem cells with quantum dot (QD) nanoparticles. We report the optimization and validation of this long-term tracking technique and highlight several important biological applications by delivering labeled cells to the mammalian heart. The bright QD crystals illuminate exogenous stem cells in histologic sections for at least 8 weeks following delivery and permit, for the first time, the complete three-dimensional reconstruction of the locations of all stem cells following injection into the heart. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular Cardiology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA. amybrosen@gmail.com
authors.forename: Amy B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: Damon J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Adam J T
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Schuldt
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Irina A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Potapova
authors.forename: Sergey V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Doronin
authors.forename: Kyle J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Robichaud
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Brink
authors.forename: Glenn R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Gaudette
authors.forename: Ira S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004285:Dogs; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000502:physiology; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000494:pharmacology; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology*; D045663:Quantum Dots; D051381:Rats; D012038:Regeneration; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes