Unique formosan mushroom Antrodia camphorata differentially inhibits androgen-responsive LNCaP and -independent PC-3 prostate cancer cells.
Antrodia camphorata (AC), a precious and unique folkloric medicinal mushroom enriched in polyphenolics, isoflavonoids, triterpenoids, and polysaccharides, has been diversely used in Formosa (Taiwan) since the 18th century. In this study, prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines PC-3 (androgen independent) and LNCaP (androgen responsive) were treated with AC crude extract (ACCE) at 50-200 microg/mL, respectively, for 48 h. At the minimum effective dose 150 microg/mL, LNCaP showed a G1/S phase arrest with significant apoptosis. Such dose-dependent behavior of LNCaP cells in response to ACCE was confirmed to proceed as Akt-->p53-->p21-->CDK4/cyclin D1-->G1/S-phase arrest-->apoptosis, which involved inhibiting cyclin D1 activity and preventing pRb phosphorylation. In contrast, being without p53, PC-3 cells showed a G2/M-phase arrest mediated through pathway p21-->cyclin B1/Cdc2-->G2/M-phase arrest, however, with limited degree of apoptosis, implicating that ACCE is able to differentially inhibit the growth of different PCa cells by modulating different cell cycle signaling pathways. We conclude that this unique Formosan mushroom, A. camphorata, due to its nontoxicity, might be used as a good adjuvant anticancer therapy for prostate cancers despite its androgen-responsive behaviors, which has long been a serious drawback often encountered clinically in hormonal refractory cases treated by antihormonal therapies and chemotherapeutics.
Chen
Kuan-Chou
KC
Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Peng
Chiung-Chi
CC
Peng
Robert Y
RY
Su
Ching-Hua
CH
Chiang
Han-Sun
HS
Yan
Jr-Hung
JH
Hsieh-Li
Hsiu Mei
HM
D000728:Androgens / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000188:drug therapy*; D020072:Polyporales / Q000737:chemistry*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
D000728:Androgens; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents