title: Antiulcerogenic effect and acute toxicity of a hydroethanolic extract from the cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) leaves.
abstract: The antiulcerogenic effect of a hydroethanolic extract of Anacardium occidentale L. leaves was investigated. The extract inhibited gastric lesions induced by HCl/ethanol in female rats. A dose-response effect study showed that the ED50 was 150 mg/kgb.w. Extract doses higher than 100 mg/kgb.w. were more effective than 30 mg/kg of lansoprazol in inhibiting gastric lesions. A methanolic fraction (257.12 mg/kg) which reduced gastric lesion at 88.20% is likely to contain the active principle of the antiulcer effect. No signs of acute toxicity were observed when mice were treated with extract dose up to 2000 mg/kgb.w. A chemical analysis of the extract allowed the identification of phenolic compounds as the major components. Glycosylated quercetin, amentoflavone derivate and a tetramer of proanthocyanidin were identified by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The level of total phenolics in the extract was evaluated at 35.5% and flavonoid content was 2.58%.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66083, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, B-15 São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nzi André
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Konan
authors.forename: Elfriede Marianne
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Bacchi
mesh_terms: D031021:Anacardium / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D000431:Ethanol; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013634:Tannins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D010636:Phenols; D012997:Solvents; D013634:Tannins; D014867:Water; D000431:Ethanol