title: Patients with low prostate-specific antigen levels (< or =4 ng/ml) would benefit from a twelve-core biopsy protocol for prostate cancer detection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prostate biopsy protocols using twelve cores rather than the standard six cores have consistently shown improved prostate cancer detection rates. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether the improved rate of prostate cancer detection in patients with low prostate-specific antigen levels warrants the standardization of a twelve-core biopsy protocol in this group.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical and pathological records from 241 patients treated between 2000 and 2003 were evaluated, and the impact of a twelve-core biopsy protocol on the prostate cancer detection rate relative to prostate-specific antigen levels compared to the standardized six-core biopsies was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prostate cancer was detected in 34% (81/241) of the patients who underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy. An additional 23.5% (19/81) of the carcinomas were diagnosed using the twelve-core biopsy protocol, and 84.2% (16/19) of these fulfilled the clinical significance criterion developed by Epstein and coworkers (see text). Interestingly, the greatest increase was found in the patient group with prostate-specific antigen levels < or =4 ng/ml.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with low prostate-specific antigen levels (< or =4 ng/ml) would benefit from the standardized use of a twelve-core biopsy protocol using peripheral cores.
authors.affiliation: Kantonales Institut fur Pathologie, Liestal, Schweiz.
authors.forename: Thore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thiesler
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Trinkler
authors.forename: Milo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horcic
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Willi
authors.forename: Gieri
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cathomas
authors.forename: Seife
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hailemariam
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen