title: Leptin levels in various manifestations of pulmonary tuberculosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Proinflammatory cytokines are prime candidates as causative agents of the metabolic changes that eventually result in tuberculosis-associated weight loss. Microbial products and cytokines such as TNF and IL-1 increase leptin expression dose dependently in adipose tissue. Leptin plays an important role in cellular immunity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we investigated serum leptin and TNF-alpha levels before and after antituberculosis therapy in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty five in patients with active pulmonary TB and 18 healthy controls participated in the study. Leptin and TNF-alpha levels were measured before treatment and six months after the treatment and they were compared with the control group. Body mass index (BMI) and chest X-rays before and after the treatment were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The leptin levels before and after the treatment were 1.66+/-1.68 ng/mL and 3.26+/-3.81 ng/mL, respectively. The leptin levels of tuberculous patients were significant than in healthy patients (P < .05). The BMI was 19.36+/-2.55 kg/m2 before the treatment and 22.87+/-3.13 kg/m2 after the treatment. The TNF-alpha level was 23.19+/-12.78 pg/mL before the treatment and 15.95+/-6.58 pg/mL after the treatment. There was no correlation between leptin and TNF-alpha levels. Leptin levels were low in patients who had sequela lesion on chest radiographs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Leptin levels are suppressed in tuberculous patients and low leptin levels may contribute to increased susceptibility to infection and recovery with sequela lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38200 Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Buyukoglan
authors.forename: Inci
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gulmez
authors.forename: Fahrettin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kelestimur
authors.forename: Levent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kart
authors.forename: F Sema
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Oymak
authors.forename: Ramazan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozesmi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D020738:Leptin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha