title: Development of an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the detection of lipophilic marine toxins.
abstract: A rapid method for the detection of marine toxins was developed using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system coupled to a latest generation mass spectrometry (MS) system. The analysis of 21 lipophilic marine toxins was achieved on an Acquity C18 column using a water-acetonitrile gradient with a cycle time of 6.6 min, reducing analysis time by more than a factor two compared to HPLC while maintaining peak resolution. Linear ranges, limits of detection and limits of quantification were established for okadaic acid (OA), pectenotoxin-2, azaspiracid-1 (AZA1), yessotoxin, gymnodimine and 13-desmethylspirolide C. The method was found to be accurate when using a triplicate methanolic extraction. Matrix effects were assessed by standard addition of OA and AZA1 in extracts of raw and heat-treated flesh of mussels and oysters. For the analysis of AZA1, the UPLC-MS method was always prone to signal suppression, while for OA analysis signal suppression was observed in extracts of raw shellfish flesh and signal enhancement in extracts of heat-treated flesh. Matrix effects occurring in the method presented are diminished compared to previous studies.
authors.affiliation: Biotoxins Chemistry, Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, County Galway, Ireland. elie.fux@marine.ie
authors.forename: Elie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fux
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McMillan
authors.forename: Ronel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bire
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hess
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000032:analysis*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D008387:Marine Toxins