title: An electromagnetic compressive force by cell exciter stimulates chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
abstract: In this study, we present a biological micro-electromechanical system and its application to the chondrogenic differentiation of rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Actuated by an electromagnetic force, the micro cell exciter was designed to deliver a cyclic compressive load (CCL) with various magnitudes. Two major parts in the system are an actuator and a cartridge-type chamber. The former has a permanent magnet and coil, and the latter is equipped with 7 sample dishes and 7 metal caps. Mixed with a 2.4% alginate solution, the alginate/MSC layers were positioned in the sample dishes; the caps contained chondrogenic defined medium without transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). Once powered, the actuator coil-derived electromagnetic force pulled the metal caps down, compressing the samples. The cyclic load was given at 1-Hz frequency for 10 min twice a day. Samples in the dishes without a cap served as a control. The samples were analyzed at 3, 5, and 7 days after stimulation for cell viability, biochemical assays, histologic features, immunohistochemistry, and gene expression of the chondrogenic markers. Applied to the alginate/MSC layer, the CCL system enhanced the synthesis of cartilage-specific matrix proteins and the chondrogenic markers, such as aggrecan, type II collagen, and Sox9. We found that the micromechanically exerted CCL by the cell exciter was very effective in enhancing the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs, even without using exogenous TGF-beta.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ajou University, Wonchon-dong, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Hyug
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Woo Young
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.forename: Sin Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sang Sik
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Byung Hyune
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: So Ra
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kwideok
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Byoung-Hyun
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Min
mesh_terms: D053674:Aggrecans / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000464:Alginates / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena; D004867:Equipment Design; D005269:Femur / Q000166:cytology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D011817:Rabbits; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; D012996:Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology; D013977:Tibia / Q000166:cytology; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D053674:Aggrecans; D000464:Alginates; D015415:Biomarkers; D024043:Collagen Type II; D003470:Culture Media; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; D012996:Solutions; D014157:Transcription Factors; D020723:Glucuronic Acid