title: Should axillary artery to coronary artery bypass be part of the cardiac surgeon's armamentarium?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The axillary artery has been used as an alternate inflow source for revascularization of the lower extremities for four decades. Since 1997, there have been several reports of axillary artery to coronary artery bypass.
  
  
  METHODS
  All cases of axillary artery to coronary artery bypass at our institution from 1997 through 2003 were reviewed. PubMed was queried for publications on this subject and all pertinent reports were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-eight patients underwent axillary artery to coronary artery bypass at our hospital. Most (34) of the operations were performed without cardiopulmonary bypass. Saphenous vein (37) or radial artery (1) grafts were placed to one or more coronary arteries from either the left (36) or right (2) axillary artery. Twenty patients underwent sternotomy, and 18 had either a left (16) or right (2) minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) procedure performed. Most of the sternotomies were for primary myocardial revascularization and most of the MIDCABs were reoperations. There were three deaths-all from non-cardiac causes, one myocardial infarction, and one transient brachial plexus injury. Doppler ultrasound, angiographic, and clinical follow-up were limited, but graft patency has been demonstrated up to 9 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Axillary artery to coronary artery bypass should be part of the armamentarium of surgeons who perform myocardial revascularization operations.
authors.affiliation: Lehigh Valley Hospital, Allentown, PA 18105-1556, USA. sally.lutz@lvh.com
authors.forename: Ahmad M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Tarakji
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Sinclair
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001366:Axillary Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000637:transplantation; D013908:Thoracotomy / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014654:Vascular Patency