title: Surgical treatment versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy as an initial treatment modality in advanced olfactory neuroblastoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Olfactory neuroblastomas are very aggressive tumors with a high locoregional recurrence rate and distant metastasis. Surgical treatment, including craniofacial resection, has been the main treatment modality, but treatment outcomes of concurrent chemoradiotherapy remain unclear. We present our experiences regarding the treatment outcome of patients with advanced olfactory neuroblastoma undergoing surgical treatment and concurrent chemoradiotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed 16 patients treated for advanced olfactory neuroblastoma within the past 10 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The disease-free 5-year survival rate of the patients (n = 10) who underwent surgical treatment was 68%. The survival rate for patients (n = 6) who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy was 42%. The difference in the survival rate was not statistically significant, and no difference in the recurrence rate between the two groups. In the group having surgical treatment, post-operative radiotherapy and salvage therapy were important to increase the survival rate. In the group having concurrent chemoradiotherapy, no patient experienced primary tumor progression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complete surgical resection, including craniofacial resection (CFR), and post-operative radiotherapy seem to be essential in the treatment of advanced olfactory neuroblastoma. However, concurrent chemoradiotherapy may be another primary treatment modality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Jik
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chang-Hoon
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Bong-Jae
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yoo-Sam
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Jin Kook
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yoon-Seok
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Joo-Heon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D018304:Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D019233:Retreatment; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016879:Salvage Therapy