title: "Damm sokkor": factors associated with the quality of care of patients with diabetes: a study in primary care in Tunisia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the organizational, physician, and patient factors associated with the quality of care of patients with diabetes in a low-/middle-income country.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 2,160 randomly selected patients with diabetes were extracted from the manual medical records of a nationwide sample of 48 randomly selected health centers. Physician and organizational characteristics were collected from national reports, questionnaires, interviews, and observation at the centers. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were undertaken to identify associations with four quality-of-care scores, based on processes and intermediate outcomes of care and 53 potential explanatory factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the study population was 62.4 years, mean duration of diabetes was 8.4 years, 62% were female, and 94% had type 2 diabetes. In the final multivariate models, factors independently and significantly associated with higher process-of-care scores were regional affluence, doctor motivation, and the use of chronic disease clinics (P < 0.05). Health centers with younger patients and increased availability of medication were independently and significantly associated with improved outcome-of-care scores (P < 0.05). The final models of the four quality-of-care scores explained 55-71% of the variations in scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of chronic disease clinics, availability of medication, and possibly doctor motivation appear to be the most strongly related modifiable factors influencing diabetes care. These findings will be used to develop and implement culturally appropriate quality improvement interventions to improve the quality of diabetes care. We recommend our findings be taken into account in other low-/middle-income countries.
authors.affiliation: Direction des Soins de Santé de Base, Primary Health Care Department, Ministry of Public Health, Tunis, Tunisia. hugh.alberti@newcastle.ac.uk
authors.forename: Hugh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alberti
authors.forename: Nessiba
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Boudriga
authors.forename: Mounira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nabli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010821:Physicians, Family / Q000592:standards; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D012424:Rural Population; D014416:Tunisia; D014505:Urban Population