title: Dermatologic complications after liver transplantation: a single-center experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report our experience with dermatological complications after both deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) and living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between April 2001 and November 2006, a total of 116 liver transplantation (LT) procedures were performed (73 DDLTs and 43 LDLTs) in 112 patients (4 re-transplants). Posttransplant dermatological problems were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 112 OLT recipients, 14 patients (12.5%) experienced dermatologic problems: epidermolysis bullosa acquisita in one patient, which was self-limiting; graft-versus-host-disease in one patient treated with high-dose steroids; Kaposi sarcoma in one patient treated with surgical excision and conversion to sirolimus-based immunosuppression; drug-induced cutaneous vasculitis with deep thigh ulcer formation treated by drug discontinuation and surgical excision of the ulcer; herpes zoster in one patient treated with intravenous antiviral therapy; herpes simplex in two patients treated with local antiviral cream; cyclosporine-induced gingival hyperplasia treated with conversion to FK506; cyclosporine-induced hypertrichosis treated with conversion to FK506; steroid-induced skin hyperpigmentation in one patient treated with steroid withdrawal; hypomagnesemia-induced hair loss treated with daily oral magnesium supplement; pressure-induced alopecia areata in two patients that was self-limiting; and finally, one patient with a pressure-induced heel ulcer that was treated conservatively. In 8 of 14 patients (57%) who suffered from dermatologic problems, the complication was primarily related to immunosuppressive drugs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our experience, dermatologic complications following LT are not uncommon and usually related to immunosuppressive therapy. Most complications could be prevented by optimizing immunosuppression. The majority of complications were easily managed by simple adjustment of immunosuppression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khalaf
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mourad
mesh_terms: D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012883:Skin Ulcer / Q000473:pathology