title: The effects of morphine and fentanyl on the inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass in patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Experimental data suggest that morphine has unique antiinflammatory properties. We hypothesized that morphine, when compared with fentanyl, would attenuate the perioperative inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) when administered as part of a balanced anesthetic technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery were randomized to receive, in a double-blind manner, either morphine (40 mg) or fentanyl (1000 microg) as part of a standardized opioid-isoflurane anesthetic. Serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 and expression of neutrophil surface adhesion molecules (CD 11a, CD 11b, CD 11c, and CD 18) were measured perioperatively as indicators of the inflammatory response to surgery. Core temperatures were monitored in the intensive care unit to determine the incidence of postoperative hyperthermia (temperature >38.0 degrees C).
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations increased in all patients after CPB. The increase in serum IL-6 levels was significantly attenuated in the morphine group compared to the fentanyl group at 3 and 24 h post-CPB (P < 0.05). Reductions in expression of neutrophil adhesion molecules were observed in both groups 15 min and 3 h post-CPB; however, a significantly larger reduction in CD 11b and CD 18 expression was noted in patients receiving morphine (P < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative hyperthermia was more frequent in the fentanyl group (73%) compared to the morphine group (0%, P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with fentanyl, the administration of morphine as part of balanced anesthetic technique suppressed several components the inflammatory response (IL-6, CD 11b, CD 18, postoperative hyperthermia) to cardiac surgery and CPB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Illinois 60201, USA. dgmurphy2@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Glenn S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Joseph W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Szokol
authors.forename: Jesse H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Marymont
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Avram
authors.forename: Jeffery S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Vender
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D009020:Morphine; D005283:Fentanyl