title: Duodenal intraepithelial T lymphocytes in patients with functional dyspepsia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify the intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and to document the membrane expression of CD4, CD8, TCRgamma delta and adhesion and/or activation-associated molecules (CD103, CD28, CD44, CD69, HLA-DR, CD95/Fas) in the duodenal mucosa of patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) in order to provide arguments for an immunological process in FD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six FD patients according to Rome II criteria (20 were H pylori negative) were studied and compared to 12 healthy adults. IELs were isolated from five duodenal biopsy samples, then quantified by microscopy and flow cytometry while the membrane phenotypes were determined by cytofluorometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Duodenal histological examination was normal. In H pylori negative patients, the number of IELs was not different from that in healthy controls. Median percentage expression of CD4, CD8, or TCRgamma delta and CD103, CD44, CD28, CD69 on CD3+ IELs, among the adhesion/activation associated molecules tested, was not different from that in healthy controls. In contrast, the median percentage expression of CD95/Fas [22 (9-65) vs 45 (19-88), P=0.03] and HLA-DR expressing CD3+ IELs [4 (0-30) vs 13 (4-42), P=0.04] was significantly lower in the H pylori negative FD group than in healthy controls, respectively. The number of IELs was significantly greater in H pylori positive FD patients than in healthy controls [median ratio for 100 enterocytes 27.5 (6.7-62.5) vs 10.8 (3-33.3), P=0.02] due to a higher number of CD8+ CD3+ IELs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In H pylori negative FD patients, the phenotypic characterization of IELs suggests that we cannot exclude a role of IELs in FD.
authors.affiliation: Parasitology Department, Rouen University Hospital, France. gilles.gargala@univ-rouen.fr
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gargala
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lecleire
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: François
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jacquot
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Déchelotte
authors.forename: Jean-Jacques
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Ballet
authors.forename: Loic
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Favennec
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ducrotté
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D016827:CD8 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism; D002452:Cell Count; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000276:immunology; D004386:Duodenum / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017252:CD3 Complex; D016827:CD8 Antigens; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules