title: ADHD correlates, comorbidity, and impairment in community and treated samples of children and adolescents.
abstract: Patterns of correlates, comorbidity and impairment associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and youth were examined in representative samples from the community and from treatment facilities serving medically indigent youth in Puerto Rico. Information from caretakers and youths was obtained using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, (version IV), measures of global impairment, and a battery of potential correlates. In the community (N = 1,896) and the treated samples (N = 763), 7.5 and 26.2% of the children, respectively, met criteria for DSM-IV ADHD in the previous year. Although the prevalence rates and degree of impairment differed, the general patterns of correlates, comorbidity and impairment were similar in both populations. The exceptions were associated with conduct disorder, anxiety, impairment in the ADHD comorbid group, and age factors that appeared to be related to selection into treatment.
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Sciences Research Institute (BSRI), University of Puerto Rico (UPR), San Juan, Puerto Rico. jjbauer@prtc.net
authors.forename: José J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bauermeister
authors.forename: Patrick E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Shrout
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramírez
authors.forename: Milagros
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bravo
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alegría
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martínez-Taboas
authors.forename: Ligia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chávez
authors.forename: Maritza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rubio-Stipec
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: Julio C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ribera
authors.forename: Glorisa
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Canino
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D000367:Age Factors; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011647:Puerto Rico / Q000453:epidemiology; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors