title: IL-8 expression by biliary epithelial cells is associated with neutrophilic infiltration and reactive bile ductules.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Reactive bile ductule is a non-specific feature of various hepatobiliary diseases, and is not infrequently accompanied by neutrophilic infiltration. Recently, biliary epithelial cells have been shown to secrete cytokines and chemokines and to express components of the mucosal immune system such as Toll-like receptors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We examined the expression of a neutrophil chemo-attractant, interluekin (IL)-8, in bile ductular cells to clarify the histogenesis of reactive bile ductules with neutrophilic infiltration using human liver tissues (eight cases of chronic viral hepatitis, seven cases of liver cirrhosis (LC), seven cases of sepsis, 11 cases of extrahepatic biliary obstruction (EBO), three cases of fulminant hepatitis (FH), five cases of primary biliary cirrhosis, and three cases of primary sclerosing cholangitis). Human neutrophil peptides 1-3 (HNP1-3) were used as markers of neutrophils. Immunohistochemically, IL-8 was detected in bile ductules in various diseased livers. HNP1-3-positive neutrophils were significantly dense around IL-8-positive bile ductules compared with IL-8-negative ductules in septic liver, LC, EBO, and FH. Experiments in vitro showed that cultured human biliary epithelial cells expressed and secreted IL-8 in response to lipopolysaccharide and also IL-1beta and tumour necrosis factor-alpha.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neutrophilic infiltration around reactive bile ductules may be related to the IL-8 expressed in bile ductular epithelia, possibly induced by bacterial components and proinflammatory cytokines released locally.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Isse
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Yasuni
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakanuma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000502:physiology*; D023084:alpha-Defensins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D023084:alpha-Defensins