title: Deep sedation with intravenous infusion of combined propofol and ketamine during dressing changes and whirlpool bath in patients with severe epidermolysis bullosa.
abstract: Continuous i.v. infusion of propofol, or propofol plus ketamine for deep sedation and analgesia was carried out in two patients with severe epidermolysis bullosa (EB) during extensive dressing changes and deep whirlpool baths. Intermittent small doses of narcotics were given as supplement for pain relief as needed. Both patients had typical features of severe EB, including extremity contractures, severe digit deformity, difficult airways, extensive blisters and broken skin with denuded areas and severe wound infections. SpO(2) was roughly estimated by holding the probe around the earlobe periodically and no other monitors could be applied because of the skin conditions and the settings of the procedures. Retrospective anesthesia record review showed that the combined propofol and ketamine infusions provided satisfactory sedation with significantly reduced narcotic requirements compared with propofol alone. There were no noticeable side effects when ketamine was added. Ketamine appears to be a good addition to propofol and narcotics to provide sedation and analgesia when there are great concerns for respiration depression, apnea, difficult pain management and potential unstable hemodynamics during dressing changes and whirlpool baths in severe EB patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA. junzheng.wu@cchmc.org
authors.forename: Junzheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001458:Bandages; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004820:Epidermolysis Bullosa / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006875:Hydrotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000379:methods; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012293:Rifampin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular; D007649:Ketamine; D014640:Vancomycin; D012293:Rifampin; D015742:Propofol