title: Alternative splicing of cyclooxygenase-1 gene: altered expression in leucocytes from patients with bronchial asthma and association with aspirin-induced 15-HETE release.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) is a key enzyme involved in generation of prostanoids, important mediators and modulators of asthmatic inflammation. In a subpopulation of aspirin-sensitive asthmatics (ASA) inhibition of COX-1 by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs results in activation of inflammatory cells and development of symptoms. Alternatively spliced variants of COX-1 lacking 111 bp from exon 9 were described previously but have never been identified in human leucocytes peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) or upper airway epithelial cells. We aimed to assess the expression of spliced variants of COX-1 mRNA in PBLs from patients with asthma and in healthy subjects (HS) referring the expression to patients characteristics (including ASA-sensitivity) and to aspirin-triggered 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) generation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 30 patients with ASA, 30 patients with aspirin-tolerant asthma (ATA) and 30 HS serving as controls. Nasal polyps for epithelial cell cultures were obtained from 10 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Expression of full length and spliced variants of COX-1 enzyme was detected by RT-PCR and presented as the ratio of full-length COX-1 to alternatively spliced COX-1 mRNA [COX-1 alternative splicing index (COX-1 AS index)]. Release of eicosanoids (PGE(2) and 15-HETE) by PBLs was measured with enzyme immunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both PBLs and airway epithelial cells the expression of full-length product prevailed over spliced variants of COX-1 enzyme. Cyclooxygenase-1 AS index was significantly lower in asthmatics as compared to HS (1.96 +/- 0.71 vs 2.41 +/- 0.99, P < 0.05) indicating the relatively higher expression of the alternative transcript in asthmatic patients. Cyclooxygenase-1 AS index was not different between ASA and ATA groups (mean 1.90 +/- 0.66 vs 2.02 +/- 0.76, respectively, P = 0.39). There was no significant association between COX-1 AS index and mean daily dose of inhaled glucocorticosteroids or pulmonary function tests (FEV(1), FVC) but in ASA group a weak correlation with daily dose of oral glucocorticosteroids was found (r = 0.39; P = 0.03). In ASA patients there was a significant positive correlation between the COX-1 AS index and the percentage of aspirin-triggered increase in 15-HETE generation (r = 0.51; P < 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alternatively spliced variants of COX-1 mRNA are differently expressed in patients with bronchial asthma and may be associated with aspirin-triggered 15-HETE generation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kowalski
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borowiec
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurowski
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pawliczak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects; D001241:Aspirin / Q000009:adverse effects; D001249:Asthma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics*; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012882:Skin Tests
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids; D007527:Isoenzymes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C025984:15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D001241:Aspirin