title: Prevalence estimates of depression in elderly community-dwelling African Americans in Indianapolis and Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This is a community-based longitudinal epidemiological comparative study of elderly African Americans in Indianapolis and elderly Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria.
  
  
  METHODS
  A two-stage study was designed in which community-based individuals were first screened using the Community Screening Interview for Dementia. The second stage was a full clinical assessment, which included use of the Geriatric Depression Scale, of a smaller sub-sample of individuals selected on the basis of their performance in the screening interview. Prevalence of depression was estimated using sampling weights according to the sampling stratification scheme for clinical assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Some 2627 individuals were evaluated at the first stage in Indianapolis and 2806 in Ibadan. All were aged 69 years and over. Of these, 451 (17.2%) underwent clinical assessment in Indianapolis, while 605 (21.6%) were assessed in Ibadan. The prevalence estimates of both mild and severe depression were similar for the two sites (p=0.1273 and p=0.7093): 12.3% (mild depression) and 2.2% (severe depression) in Indianapolis and 19.8% and 1.6% respectively in Ibadan. Some differences were identified in association with demographic characteristics; for example, Ibadan men had a significantly higher prevalence of mild depression than Indianapolis men (p<0.0001). Poor cognitive performance was associated with significantly higher rates of depression in Yoruba (p=0.0039).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevalence of depression was similar for elderly African Americans and Yoruba despite considerable socioeconomic and cultural differences between these populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Olusegun
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Baiyewu
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Smith-Gamble
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: Oye
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gureje
authors.forename: Sujuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Adesola
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ogunniyi
authors.forename: Frederick W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Unverzagt
authors.forename: Kathleen S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Hugh C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Hendrie
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007196:Indiana / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution