title: Elevated resistin is related to inflammation and residual renal function in haemodialysed patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Resistin is an adipocytokine that recently generated much interest. Because of the fact that inflammation, endothelial cell damage or injury is invariably associated with such clinical conditions as thrombosis, atherosclerosis and their major clinical consequences, that is, cardiovascular disease and resistin play a role in linking inflammation and cardiovascular disease, the aim of the study was to assess resistin in correlation with markers of inflammation, endothelial cell injury and residual renal function in haemodialysed (HD) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed resistin, markers of coagulation: thrombin-antithrombin complexes (TAT), prothrombin fragments 1+2; fibrinolysis: tPA, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1, plasmin-antiplasmin complexes (PAP); endothelial function/injury: von Willebrand factor (vWF), thrombomodulin, intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM); inflammation: high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 (IL-6).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Healthy volunteers and HD patients did not differ significantly regarding age, leucocyte count, serum iron, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases activities, calcium, cholesterol, tPA concentration. Triglycerides, CRP (assessed by high sensitivity method), phosphate, urea, creatinine, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha, vWF, prothrombin fragments 1+2, TAT, PAP, thrombomodulin, ICAM, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and resistin, were elevated in HD patients when compared with the control group. Serum albumin, total protein, haemoglobin and haematocrit were significantly lower in HD patients when compared with the control group. In HD patients with hsCRP 0e; 6 mg/L, resistin, IL-6, vWF and F1+2 were significantly higher, whereas tPA was significantly lower than in patients with hsCRP<6 mg/L. Moreover, HD patients with residual renal function have significantly lower resistin when compared with patients without it. Resistin was significantly higher in diabetics. In HD patients, resistin correlated significantly, in univariate analysis, with calcium, phosphate, PTH, TIBC, vWF residual renal function, urea, hsCRP, IL-6 and tended to correlate with tPA and ferritin. In the healthy volunteers, resistin was related to IL-6 and hsCRP. In multiple regression analysis, resistin was independently related to hsCRP, IL-6, residual renal function in HD patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated resistin related to markers of inflammation may represent a novel link between inflammation and adipocytokines in HD patients. Impaired renal function and inflammation are responsible for elevated resistin in HD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Transplantology, Medical University, Bialystok, and Dialysis Unit, Regional Hospital, Dzialdowo, Poland. jolmal@poczta.onet.pl
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Malyszko
authors.forename: Jacek S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Malyszko
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kozminski
authors.forename: Krystyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pawlak
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mysliwiec
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000473:pathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D052243:Resistin / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D052243:Resistin