title: Proteomic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: effect of acute exposure to diesel exhaust particles in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inhalation of diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) is characterized by lung injury and inflammation, with significant increases in the numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and alveolar macrophages. This influx of cellular infiltrates is associated with the activation of multiple genes, including cytokines and chemokines, and the production of reactive oxygen species.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The pathogenesis of the lung injury is not fully understood, but alterations in the presence or abundance of a number of proteins in the lung have been observed. Our objective in this study was to further characterize these changes and to ask whether additional changes could be discerned using modern proteomic techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study investigates global alterations in the proteome of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid taken from rats 1, 7, or 30 days after exposure to 5, 35, or 50 mg/kg of animal weight of DEPs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry identified two distinct peaks that appeared as an acute response postexposure at all doses in all animals. We identified these two peaks, with mass to charge ratios (m/z) of 9,100 and 10,100, as anaphylatoxin C3a and calgranulin A by additional mass spectral investigation using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With this approach, we found a number of inflammatory response proteins that may be associated with the early phases of inflammation in response to DEP exposure. Further studies are warranted to determine whether serum levels of these proteins could be markers of diesel exhaust exposure in workers.
authors.affiliation: US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21740, USA. john.a.lewis1@us.army.mil
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: K Murali Krishna
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Vince
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Castranova
authors.forename: Val
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vallyathan
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Dennis
authors.forename: Paul L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Knechtges
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D013997:Time Factors; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D001335:Vehicle Emissions