title: Overview and inter-rater reliability of an incident-based rating scale for aggressive behaviour following traumatic brain injury: The Overt Aggression Scale-Modified for Neurorehabilitation-Extended (OAS-MNR-E).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The presentation and evaluation of the Overt Aggression Scale-Modified for Neurorehabilitation-Extended (OAS-MNR-E).
  
  
  METHODS
  Inter-rater reliability study using data collection procedures mirroring clinical practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen clinical staff representing five different disciplines received a 30-minute orientation to the study and a 30-minute overview of the OAS-MNR-E. There were 34 patients who engaged in a rateable behaviour and were observed by two raters. There were 199 observed aggressive behaviours during the 6-week study period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All sub-scales of the OAS-MNR-E had high percentage agreement (>92%) and the kappa statistic was uniformly excellent (>0.77). Multiple ratings within a sub-scale resulted in lower reliabilities. Incidents with multiple interventions were of longer duration. Interventions were on average more intrusive when used in combination than when used singly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The OAS-MNR-E can be easily incorporated into facility routines and is reliable. The rating tool reported here can provide data that assists in programme design, evaluation and treatment planning.
authors.affiliation: Idylwood Care Center, Samuel Merritt College, Oakland, CA 94609, USA. ggiles@samuelmerritt.edu
authors.forename: Gordon Muir
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Giles
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Mohr
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000374:Aggression; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results