title: Composting and vermicomposting experiences in the treatment and bioconversion of asphaltens from the Prestige oil spill.
abstract: This work illustrates the effectiveness of composting and vermicomposting in degrading fuel-in-water emulsions from oil spills (chapapote), and the isolation of potentially useful microorganisms for its biodegradation. Firstly, an alternative to the biodegradation of asphaltens from the Prestige oil spill (still present in some chapapote rafts in the Cantabrian coast) by means of the application of composting techniques to a microbial partnership acclimated to fuel-oil is offered. Our aim is that, after a relatively short period of time, the microorganisms can obtain its source of carbon and energy from asphaltens. The addition of metabolic co-substrates, like cow bed and potato peelings, allows the fragmentation of complex compounds into smaller structures, susceptible to further degradation. Afterwards, a maturation of the compost by means of a treatment with earthworms (Eisenia foetida) is necessary. Thus, through the vermicomposting it will be possible to obtain a valued product, useful in the processes of ground amendment, with little presence of asphaltens and occluded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, rich in humus, and with an important bacterial flora of Bacillus genera, so that it can be typical of co-activators and accelerating products in composting processes. Along with this article, we show some parameters that control the evolution of the compost products (evolved gases, acidity, temperature and humidity); the chemical and microbiological analytical results; and the germination assays of vermicomposting. Results reveal that by using microorganisms living in either earthworm intestines (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) or vermiculture substrates (Scedosporium apiospermium), it is possible to degrade and to eliminate the polycyclic asphaltens into CO(2) and H(2)O, helped by evaporation, dissolution and/or photo-oxidation processes. The obtained end product has contents of interesting vegetal nutrients and, mainly, it displays very high germination indices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, University of Valladolid, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierías Agrarias (ETSIIAA), Avda de Madrid 57, 34004, Palencia, Spain. montealeku@wanadoo.es
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martín-Gil
authors.forename: Luís Manuel
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Navas-Gracia
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gómez-Sobrino
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Correa-Guimaraes
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hernández-Navarro
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Báscones
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: del Carmen Ramos-Sánchez
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D004952:Esters; D005648:Fuel Oils; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010578:Petroleum; D012767:Ships; D012987:Soil; D013030:Spain; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014876:Water Pollution
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D004952:Esters; D005648:Fuel Oils; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D010578:Petroleum; D012987:Soil; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical