title: Antihyperglycaemic treatment of type 2 diabetes: results from a national diabetes register.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe clinical characteristics and antihyperglycemic treatment patterns in patients with varying duration of diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a cross-sectional survey of 61890 type 2 diabetic (DM2) patients from the Swedish National Diabetes Register (NDR) in 2004. We also analysed the effect of types of treatment and risk factors on glycaemic control in a longitudinal cohort study from 1996 to 2004. HbA(1c), risk factors and treatments were determined locally in primary care as well as hospital outpatient clinics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Insulin was frequently used in DM2 patients with long duration of diabetes, although the mean HbA(1c) increased and only a few in this group reached HbA(1c) <7.0%. Patients showing long-term improvement in HbA(1c) (>1%) from 1996 to 2004 were more often treated with insulin than with oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHA). During this period, the HbA(1c) levels leading to additional treatment decreased. A low BMI, decreasing BMI and not smoking were predictors of good long-term metabolic control. Hypertension and hyperlipidaemia were frequent in both newly diagnosed DM2 patients and in patients with a long duration of diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insulin treatment was frequently used, particularly in patients with a long duration of DM2. The glycaemic control, which usually deteriorates over time, did not reach the recommended goal, despite the fact that complementary treatment was added at lower HbA(1c) levels in 2003 than in 1996. High frequencies of hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and high 10-year risks of coronary heart disease necessitate intensified risk factor control in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden. bjorn.eliasson@gu.se
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Eliasson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eeg-Olofsson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cederholm
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gudbjörnsdóttir
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000517:prevention & control; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012042:Registries; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008055:Lipids