title: Patterns of sleep disruption and depressive symptoms in new mothers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study describes the patterns of sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms in a sample of childbearing women from the third trimester through the postpartum period. The relationship between sleep and depressive symptoms is also examined. A secondary aim of this study was to examine the relationship between self-report measures of sleep and depressive symptoms between women with depressive symptoms in comparison with women with minimal or no depressive symptoms in the third trimester and in the third month postpartum.
  
  
  METHODS
  This longitudinal, descriptive study followed 124 primiparous women from their last month of pregnancy through 3 months postpartum. Questionnaires on sleep and depressive symptoms were completed during the third trimester (Time 1), 1 month postpartum (Time 2), 2 months postpartum (Time 3), and during the third month postpartum (Time 4). Sleep measures in a subset of women with depressive symptoms were compared with those of women with minimal or no symptoms at Time 1 and Time 4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms were associated at Time 1 and Time 4. For new mothers, a complaint of trouble falling asleep (delayed sleep onset latency) may be the most relevant screening question in relation to their risk for postpartum depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Health Care Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Deepika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goyal
authors.forename: Caryl L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Gay
authors.forename: Kathryn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001294:Attitude to Health; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008403:Mass Screening; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D024802:Nurse's Role; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011644:Puerperal Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors