title: Corneal asphericity and spherical aberration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To summarize the various values of asphericity in different notations and present how corneal asphericity, corneal curvature, and entrance pupil diameter influence the longitudinal spherical aberration of the anterior corneal surface.
  
  
  METHODS
  After the conversion factors between the different asphericity notations were described, finite ray tracing through a conic section that models the anterior cornea profile was performed. The anterior cornea was given a range of curvatures and asphericities and a range of entrance pupil diameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  If the value of asphericity remains constant, longitudinal spherical aberration increases with the square of the entrance pupil diameter. If the pupil diameter remains fixed, the spherical aberration becomes a function of the value of asphericity, the refractive index, and the radius of curvature. If the refractive index, pupil diameter and asphericity are considered constant, the spherical aberration will decrease if the corneal surface flattens and increase as the cornea becomes steeper. In this way, with the same shape factor and with the same starting apical radius, longitudinal spherical aberration became a function of the surgically induced refractive change. With equal curvature, the longitudinal spherical aberration becomes negative if the surface is more prolate than perfect Cartesian oval; it will become positive if it is less prolate, spherical, or oblate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A conversion chart for corneal asphericity notations with the corresponding spherical aberration and a diagram reporting values of asphericity necessary to maintain the physiological value of the corneal spherical aberration after refractive procedures may be useful tools in corneal surgery.
authors.affiliation: calossi@tin.it
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calossi
mesh_terms: D003315:Cornea / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D019781:Corneal Topography; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D011680:Pupil