title: Microchimerism and renal transplantation: doubt still persists.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to study microchimerism in a group of kidney transplant recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, the peripheral blood microchimerism (PBM) after renal transplantation was retrospectively evaluated in 32 male-to-female recipients of living unrelated or cadaveric donor renal transplants. Using a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification specific for SRY region of the Y chromosome, microchimerism was detected with a sensitivity of 1:1,000,000. Recipients were compared according to the presence of PBM, acute and chronic rejection episodes, type of allotransplant, recipient and donor age at transplantation, previous male labor or blood transfusion, allograft function (serum creatinine level), and body mass index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 32 recipients, 7 (21.9%) were positive for PBM upon multiple testing at various posttransplant times. All microchimeric recipients had received kidneys from living unrelated donors. No significant difference was observed with regard to other parameters. In addition the acute rejection rate in the microchimeric group was 3 (42%) versus 4 (16%) in the nonmicrochimeric recipients (not significant).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggested better establishment of microchimerism after living donor kidney transplantation. However, doubt persists concerning the true effect of microchimerism after renal transplantation. It seems that microchimerism alone has no major protective role upon renal allograft survival.
authors.affiliation: Urology Research Center, Kidney Transplantation Unit, Tehran, Iran. alisaraji505@yahoo.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saraji
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pourmand
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mehrsai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taherimahmodi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nikoobakht
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asadpour
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nikbin
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tajik
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Emamzadeh
mesh_terms: D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018183:Transplantation Chimera