title: Modulation of the ryanodine receptor and intracellular calcium.
abstract: Ryanodine receptors (RyRs)/Ca2+ release channels, on the endoplasmic and sarcoplasmic reticulum of most cell types, are required for intracellular Ca2+ release involved in diverse cellular functions, including muscle contraction and neurotransmitter release. The large cytoplasmic domain of the RyR serves as a scaffold for proteins that bind to and modulate the channel's function and that comprise a macromolecular signaling complex. These proteins include calstabins [FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs)], calmodulin (CaM), phosphodiesterase, kinases, phosphatases, and their cognate targeting proteins. This review focuses on recent progress in the understanding of RyR regulation and disease mechanisms that are associated with channel dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA. rz2127@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zalk
authors.forename: Stephan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Lehnart
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Marks
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000378:metabolism; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015640:Ion Channel Gating; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020836:Protein Structure, Quaternary; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D022021:Tacrolimus Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002147:Calmodulin; D007473:Ion Channels; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D022021:Tacrolimus Binding Proteins; D002118:Calcium