title: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate-phosphodiesterase inhibitors reduce skeletal muscle protein catabolism in septic rats.
abstract: We have previously shown that catecholamines exert an inhibitory effect on muscle protein degradation through a pathway involving the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) cascade in normal rats. In the present work, we investigated in vivo and in vitro effects of cAMP-phosphodiesterase inhibitors on protein metabolism in skeletal muscle from rats submitted to a model of acute sepsis. The in vivo muscle protein metabolism was evaluated indirectly by measurements of the tyrosine interstitial concentration using microdialysis. Muscle blood flow (MBF) was monitored by ethanol perfusion technique. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture and resulted in lactate acidosis, hypotension, and reduction in MBF (-30%; P < 0.05). Three-hour septic rats showed an increase in muscle interstitial tyrosine concentration (approximately 150%), in arterial plasma tyrosine levels (approximately 50%), and in interstitial-arterial tyrosine concentration difference (approximately 200%; P < 0.05). Pentoxifylline (50 mg/kg of body weight, i.v.) infusion during 1 h after cecal ligation and puncture prevented the tumor necrosis factor alpha increase and significantly reduced by 50% (P < 0.05) the interstitial-arterial tyrosine difference concentration. In situ perfusion with isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX; 10(-3) M) reduced by 40% (P < 0.05) the muscle interstitial tyrosine in both sham-operated and septic rats. Neither pentoxifylline nor IBMX altered MBF. The addition of IBMX (10(-3) M) to the incubation medium increased (P < 0.05) muscle cAMP levels and reduced proteolysis in both groups. The in vitro addition of H89, a protein kinase A inhibitor, completely blocked the antiproteolytic effect of IBMX. The data show that activation of cAMP-dependent pathways and protein kinase A reduces muscle protein catabolism during basal and septic state.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, São José do Rio Preto Medical School, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo Carvalho
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Lira
authors.forename: Flávia Aparecida
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Graca
authors.forename: Dawit Albieiro P
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Goncalves
authors.forename: Neusa M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Zanon
authors.forename: Amanda Martins
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Baviera
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Strindberg
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lönnroth
authors.forename: Renato Hélios
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Migliorini
authors.forename: Isis C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Kettelhut
authors.forename: Luiz Carlos C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Navegantes
mesh_terms: D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000378:metabolism; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000494:pharmacology; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018805:Sepsis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014443:Tyrosine; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D010431:Pentoxifylline; D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine