title: Study pharmacologic of the GABAergic and glutamatergic drugs on seizures and status epilepticus induced by pilocarpine in adult Wistar rats.
abstract: This work was designed to study the influence of drugs during seizures and status epilepticus (SE) induced by pilocarpine and mortality in adult rats. Glutamate (10 and 20 mg/kg), N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA, 5 and 10 mg/kg), ketamine (1.5 and 2.0 mg/kg), gabapentin (200 and 250 mg/kg), phenobarbital (50 and 100 mg/kg) and vigabatrin (250 and 500 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally, 30 min prior to pilocarpine (400 mg/kg, i.p.). The animals were observed (24 h) to determine: number of peripheral cholinergic signs, tremors, stereotyped movements, seizures, SE, latency to first seizure and number of deaths after pilocarpine treatment. NMDA and glutamate had pro-convulsive effects in both doses tested. Smaller and higher doses of these drugs no protected and increased pilocarpine-induced seizures and/or mortality. Gabapentin, vigabatrin, phenobarbital and ketamine protected against seizures and increased the latency to first seizure. Thus, these results suggest that caution should be taken in the selection of pharmacotherapy and dosages for patients with seizures and SE because of the possibility of facility the convulsive process toxicity, SE and the mortality of adult animals in this seizures model that is similar temporal lobo epilepsy in humans.
authors.affiliation: Curso de Farmácia, Faculdade Católica Rainha do Sertão, Rua Juvêncio Alves 660, Centro, Quixadá 63900-00, CE, Brazil.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: R L M
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.forename: M A G
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Assis
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: M M F
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Fonteles
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077206:Gabapentin; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists / Q000633:toxicity; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000494:pharmacology; D010634:Phenobarbital / Q000494:pharmacology; D010862:Pilocarpine / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018079:Receptors, GABA / Q000187:drug effects*; D017981:Receptors, Neurotransmitter / Q000187:drug effects*; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020888:Vigabatrin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists; D018079:Receptors, GABA; D017981:Receptors, Neurotransmitter; C069474:glutamine receptor; D010862:Pilocarpine; D005973:Glutamine; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D007649:Ketamine; D000077206:Gabapentin; D020888:Vigabatrin; D010634:Phenobarbital