title: Soft tissue reactions to bioactive glass 13-93 combined with chitosan.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate rabbit soft tissue reactions to bioactive glass 13-93 mesh by using a histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Bioactive glass (13-93) mesh fixed with 3 wt % chitosan was implanted into the dorsal subcutaneous space of New Zealand White rabbits (n=18) for six, 12, and 24 weeks, respectively. After 6 weeks the bioactive glass remnants were surrounded by foreign-body granuloma with eosinophilic granulocytes. After 12 and 24 weeks the implanted material was mainly absorbed, but, if any particles still remained the foreign-body reaction was notably milder. Yet, a mild chronic inflammatory infiltrate was present. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -2, -3, -13 and tissue inhibitory protein (TIMP-1 and -2) expressions were studied by immunohistochemistry. MMP-3, -13, TIMP-1, and -2 positivity were detected throughout the follow-up period. MMP-2 positivity was only occasionally seen in the 24 week samples, which is constitutively expressed but is not related to inductive MMP-3 and -13 cascade. The presence of eosinophilic granulocytes in some of the samples raises the possibility of an allergic reaction to the materials. MMP-3 and -13 are suggested to participate in the host reaction to either bioactive glass or chitosan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, and REGEA-Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Finland. antti.asikainen@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Asikainen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hagström
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sorsa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Noponen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kellomäki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Juuti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lindqvist
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hietanen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suuronen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D048271:Chitosan / Q000378:metabolism*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D005260:Female; D005549:Foreign-Body Reaction; D005898:Glass; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 / Q000378:metabolism; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation; D011817:Rabbits; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048271:Chitosan; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13