title: Proteomic analysis of peripheral leukocytes in Alzheimer's disease patients treated with divalproex sodium.
abstract: The molecular profiling of peripheral tissues, including circulating leukocytes, may hold promise in the discovery of biomarkers for diagnosing and treating neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). As a proof-of-concept, we performed a proteomics study on peripheral leukocytes from patients with AD both before and during treatment with divalproex sodium. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, we identified 10 differentially expressed proteins: two up-regulated proteins, 14-3-3 protein epsilon and peroxiredoxin 2; and eight down-regulated proteins, actin-interacting protein, mitogen activated protein kinase 1, beta actin, annexin A1, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, transforming protein RhoA, acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member B, and a currently unidentified protein. A subset was validated on both the transcript and protein levels in normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures treated with valproic acid. These proteins comprise a number of functional classes that may be important to the biology of AD and to the therapeutic action of valproate. These data also suggest the potential of using peripheral leukocytes to monitor pharmaceutical action for neurodegenerative diseases.
authors.affiliation: Center for Aging and Developmental Biology, Aab Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Box 645, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Mhyre
authors.forename: Rebekah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Loy
authors.forename: Pierre N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Tariot
authors.forename: Louis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Profenno
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Maguire-Zeiss
authors.forename: Dabao
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: Howard J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Federoff
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism*; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D020543:Proteome; D014635:Valproic Acid