title: Laparoscopic restaging of borderline ovarian tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and relevance of laparoscopic restaging surgery for women with borderline ovarian tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  From March 2001 to February 2006, 42 women referred for borderline ovarian tumors after laparoscopy or laparotomy underwent a laparoscopic restaging operation. Of these women, 37 (88%) had undergone conservative surgery including unilateral cystectomy (n = 16), bilateral cystectomy (n = 1), and unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (n = 20). The remaining five women (12%) had undergone radical surgery, including bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) (n = 4) and hysterectomy with BSO (n = 1). Intraoperative rupture occurred in 13 cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 42 restaging operations were performed via the laparoscopic approach. There were no intraoperative complications, no laparoconversions, and no postoperative complications. Laparoscopic restaging identified two persistent borderline ovarian tumors (12%) in women who had initially undergone cystectomy. Seven women were upstaged (16.6%) because of positive cytology (n = 2), peritoneal biopsy (n = 2), or omentum (n = 3). Among the 28 women with initial Federation International of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage Ia disease, the final stage was Ia for 24 women, Ib for 2 women, IIIa for 1 woman, and IIIc for 1 woman. Among the 12 women with initial stage Ic disease, 11 kept the same stage and 1 was upstaged to IIIc. The woman with initial stage IIa disease was upstaged to IIb, and the woman with initial stage IIc disease was upstaged to IIIc. The risk of upstaging was significantly higher among women with serous borderline tumors. Upstaging occurred in women with both initial stages I and II disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results confirm the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic restaging operations for women with borderline ovarian tumors. Cystectomy was associated with a risk of persistent lesions. The risk of upstaging was higher for women with serous borderline ovarian tumors and women with initial FIGO stage I or II disease.
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Tenon, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020, Paris, France. emile.darai@tnn.aphp.fr
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Daraï
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tulpin
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Prugnolle
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cortez
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dubernard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018282:Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D018284:Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome