title: Environmentally relevant concentrations of ethynylestradiol cause female-biased sex ratios in Xenopus tropicalis and Rana temporaria.
abstract: The susceptibility of Xenopus (Silurana) tropicalis and Rana temporaria to ethynylestradiol (EE2), a potent estrogenic pharmaceutical and environmental pollutant, was investigated. Larval EE2 exposure caused female-biased sex ratios at concentrations as low as 0.06 nM, which is comparable to levels found in the environment. The susceptibility of the two frog species to EE2 was comparable, supporting the use of X. tropicalis as a model organism for research on developmental reproductive toxicity of estrogenic pollutants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Toxicology, Centre for Reproductive Biology in Uppsala (CRU), Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 A, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pettersson
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Berg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D008675:Metamorphosis, Biological / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D011898:Ranidae / Q000502:physiology*; D012744:Sex Ratio; D013997:Time Factors; D014981:Xenopus / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol