title: 'With woman' philosophy: examining the evidence, answering the questions.
abstract: 'With woman', 'woman centred' and 'in partnership with women' are new terms associated with midwifery care in Australia, and the underlying philosophy has emerged both as an antidote to the medicalisation of pregnancy and in a bid to reacquaint women with their natural capacity to give birth successfully and without intervention. A reorientation of midwifery services in the 1990s, a shift towards midwifery-led care (MLC) and the subsequent introduction of direct entry midwifery programs all contributed to this new direction. Central concepts are a focus on the childbearing woman and a valuing of women's experiences. While this philosophical re-alignment has been applauded by many midwives in terms of maternal empowerment and improved autonomy for midwives, there are nonetheless some concerns that, with its emphasis on normality, midwifery-led care is in danger of becoming an exclusionary model. Particular concerns include meeting the needs of a growing cohort of women, those with 'high risk' pregnancies, and the educational adequacy of direct entry midwifery programs. To date, there has been no thorough evaluation of this emerging midwifery philosophy in Australia. In order to open the debate, this paper aims to initiate a discussion of 'with woman' midwifery care as it applies to Australian practice.
authors.affiliation: Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. mary.carolan@vu.edu.au
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carolan
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hodnett
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health; D001315:Australia; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003266:Continuity of Patient Care / Q000458:organization & administration; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D007857:Leadership; D008427:Maternal Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D016294:Models, Nursing; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000458:organization & administration; D009721:Nurse Midwives / Q000193:education / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000523:psychology; D024802:Nurse's Role; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D009936:Organizational Innovation; D010358:Patient Participation; D018802:Patient-Centered Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010687:Philosophy, Nursing; D011247:Pregnancy; D018566:Pregnancy, High-Risk; D017009:Professional Autonomy; D011361:Professional Competence