title: Muscular and brain cholinesterase sensitivities to azinphos methyl and carbaryl in the juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss.
abstract: The organophosphate azinphos methyl (AzMe) and the carbamate carbaryl are the insecticides mostly used in the irrigated valley of Río Negro and Neuquén, Patagonia, Argentina. Juvenile rainbow trout were exposed to AzMe and carbaryl and the sensitivity of skeletal muscular cholinesterase (ChE) and the time course of inhibition and recovery were evaluated. EC50 values demonstrated that AzMe was a stronger in vivo inhibitor of muscular ChE (1.05+/-0.23 microg/L) than carbaryl (270+/-62.23 microg/L). Muscular ChE was significantly less sensitive to both insecticides than brain ChE. EC50 values obtained for muscular ChE were closer than those for brain ChE to the respective pesticide lethal concentrations, pointing out the relevance of the muscular enzyme in determining acute toxicity. The recovery process of ChE activity after carbaryl exposure (500 microg/L) was fast, whereas no significant recovery was observed with AzMe (1 microg/L) after 21 days in uncontaminated media. Brain and muscular ChE were inhibited and showed a significant but not complete recovery after three consecutive 48-h exposures to AzMe (1 microg/L) followed by a recovery period of 7 days. This scheme mimics the periodical application of the insecticides in the region and suggests a certain probability of a sustained ChE inhibition under field conditions, affecting fish development and survival.
authors.affiliation: LIBIQUIMA, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires 1400, 8300 Neuquén, Argentina. aferrari@uncoma.edu.ar
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Venturino
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Pechén de D'Angelo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001387:Azinphosmethyl / Q000633:toxicity*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D012721:Carbaryl / Q000633:toxicity*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000378:metabolism*; D020127:Recovery of Function; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D007306:Insecticides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D001387:Azinphosmethyl; D002802:Cholinesterases; D012721:Carbaryl