title: Laparoscopic primary choledochorrhaphy over endonasobiliary drainage tubes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The T-tube is widely used in laparoscopic choledochotomy to decompress the biliary tree. However, there are high morbidity rates related to the T-tube. This study reviewed the results of laparoscopic primary choledochorrhaphy over endonasobiliary drainage (ENBD) tubes to find an effective alternative to the T-tube for the performance of laparoscopic choledochotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  From March 2003 to September 2005, 23 patients (9 men and 14 women) with choledocholithiasis underwent laparoscopic choledochotomy over ENBD tubes. The mean age of these patients was 47 years (range, 32-73 years). At admission, six patients had cholangitis. All the patients had ENBD tubes placed preoperatively after the failure of endoscopic sphincterotomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no conversion to open surgery. The mean operative time was 90 min (range, 70-150 min). There were no biliary complications such as bile leaks, biliary peritonitis, or pancreatitis. No residual stones were found by postoperative cholangiograms. The ENBD tubes were removed between postoperative days 7 and 9. The hospital stay ranged from 8 to 14 days, with 16 patients (70%) discharged on postoperative day 8. The complications were limited to one umbilical infection and one case of pneumonia. The median follow-up period was 24 months (range, 8-36 months), and none of the patients were readmitted with biliary symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic choledochotomy over ENBD tubes proved to be technically feasible and safe. The ENBD tube decompresses the biliary tree and allows for cholangiography after surgery. Its removal does not need to wait for tract maturation, which allows an earlier removal of the tube and a shorter postoperative hospital stay. Laparoscopic choledochotomy over ENBD tubes is an effective alternative to the T-tube in laparoscopic choledochotomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhua Xi Road 107#, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: H-F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: S-Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: G-Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: K-X
authors.initials: KX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D042883:Choledocholithiasis / Q000601:surgery*; D004322:Drainage / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome