title: Linkage study of 14 candidate genes and loci in four large Dutch families with vesico-ureteral reflux.
abstract: Vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR) is a major contributing factor to end-stage renal disease in paediatric patients. Primary VUR is a familial disorder, but little is known about its genetic causes. To investigate the involvement of 12 functional candidate genes and two reported loci in VUR, we performed a linkage study in four large, Dutch, multi-generational families with multiple affected individuals. We were unable to detect linkage to any of the genes and loci and could exclude the GDNF, RET, SLIT2, SPRY1, PAX2, AGTR2, UPK1A and UPK3A genes and the 1p13 and 20p13 loci from linkage to VUR. Our results provide further evidence that there appears to be genetic heterogeneity in VUR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics KC.04.084.2, University Medical Centre Utrecht, P.O. Box 85090, 3508 AB, Utrecht, The Netherlands. a.vaneerde@umcutrecht.nl
authors.forename: Albertien M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: van Eerde
authors.forename: Bobby P C
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Koeleman
authors.forename: Jiddeke M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: van de Kamp
authors.forename: Tom P V M
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: Cisca
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wijmenga
authors.forename: Jacques C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Giltay
mesh_terms: D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D018740:Genetic Heterogeneity; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D010375:Pedigree; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology