title: Histological evaluation of oral implants inserted with different surgical techniques into the trabecular bone of goats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of implant surface topography and surgical technique on bone response.
  
  
  METHODS
  For the experiment, 48 screw-designed implants were used with two different surface finishes, i.e. machined and 'blasted, etched'. The implants were inserted into the left and right medial femoral condyle of eight goats using three different surgical approaches: press-fit (implant diameter=implant bed diamete(r), undersized (implant bed diameter<implant diameter) and osteotome. Each femoral condyle received three implants. After an implantation period of 12 weeks, the implants were retrieved and prepared for histological and histomorphometrical evaluation (bone contact and bone mass).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Light microscopy revealed that in general, the bone response to all implants was very similar. On the other hand, histomorphometry suggested that the bone-to-implant contact for the 'blasted, etched' implants inserted by an undersized technique was higher compared with machined implants and the other surgical approaches, but the observed differences were not significant. Bone mass measurements did not reveal the occurrence of clear differences between groups and surgical approaches.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Supported by our findings, we conclude that implants provided with a 'blasted, etched' surface and installed in trabecular bone using an undersized preparation technique appear to support an enhanced bone-implant contact. The use of an osteotome technique did not lead to improved results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Manal M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Shalabi
authors.forename: Johannes G C
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Wolke
authors.forename: Anja J E
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: de Ruijter
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jansen
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density; D045662:Dental Etching; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D003775:Dental Polishing; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur; D006041:Goats; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D016348:Osseointegration; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants