title: Eradication of amebiasis in a large institution for adults with mental retardation in Taiwan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Investigation of a program to eradicate amebiasis using consecutive intensive mass screenings followed by medication in a large institute for adults with mental retardation in Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study, with 3 years of follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  A large, 450-bed institution for adults with mental retardation located in southern Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 443 adults with mental retardation in the institution, who have various motor and/or mental handicaps, were included in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 7 consecutive intensive mass screenings for amebiasis for all residents (performed in March, August and November 2001, March and August 2002, January 2003, and May 2004). Infected patients were treated using the standard protocol of the Center for Disease Control of Taiwan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Enzyme immunoassay testing was used for the amebiasis screening, with the rapid detection of the specific antigen for Entamoeba histolytica in human fecal specimens confirmed by microscopic examination. The serial prevalence and cumulative incidence were then calculated. The prevalence of amebic infection declined in serial screenings, but new infections and reinfections were detected in 5 of 6 follow-up screenings. The prevalence was 10.8% at the beginning of the program and then gradually reduced, falling to 6.3%, 3.6%, 2.7%, 3.4%, and 2.2%. Finally, no more positive cases were identified in the last screening (May 2004). The cumulative incidence rate stabilized at around 40% by the fifth screening. Of the 179 infected patients, 120 had primary infections, with 59 cases of multiple amebic infections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Active surveillance with intensive mass screening is an effective method of identifying asymptomatic and latent cases of amebiasis in areas where it is endemic, such as an institution for adults with mental retardation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Tainan Science-Based Industrial Park Clinic, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Bin
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: How-Ran
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Yin-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Kow-Ton
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ching-Yih
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000562:Amebiasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000563:Amebicides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004748:Entamoeba histolytica / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008607:Intellectual Disability; D004103:Iodoquinol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012112:Residential Facilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000563:Amebicides; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D008795:Metronidazole; D004103:Iodoquinol