title: Quantitative MRI of parallel changes of articular cartilage and underlying trabecular bone in degeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the interrelations between degenerative changes in articular cartilage and underlying trabecular bone during development of osteoarthritis and to test the ability of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect those changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human cadaver patellae were investigated with quantitative MRI methods, T(2) and dGEMRIC, at 1.5T. Same measurements for isolated cartilage samples were performed at 9.4T. Bone samples, taken at sites matched with cartilage analyses, were measured with MRI and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Mechanical and quantitative microscopic methods were also utilized for both cartilage and bone samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences were found between the samples with different stages of degeneration in mechanical properties, T(2) at 1.5T and proteoglycan (PG) content of articular cartilage. dGEMRIC at 9.4T discerned samples with advanced degeneration from the others. Bone variables measured with pQCT discerned samples with no or minimal and advanced degeneration, and mechanical properties of trabecular bone discerned samples with no or minimal degeneration from the others. Significant linear correlations were found between the bone and cartilage parameters. Characteristically, associations between variables were stronger within the samples with no or minimal degeneration compared to all samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quantitative MRI variables, especially T(2) relaxation time of articular cartilage, may be feasible surrogate markers for early and advanced osteoarthritic changes in joint tissues, including decreased elastic moduli, PG and collagen contents of cartilage and mineral density and volume fraction of trabecular bone. Further work is required to resolve the relaxation mechanisms at clinically applicable field strengths.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland. eveliina.lammentausta@gmail.com
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lammentausta
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kiviranta
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Töyräs
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hyttinen
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kiviranta
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Nieminen
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jurvelin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000379:methods; D015519:Bone Density; D002102:Cadaver; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010329:Patella / Q000473:pathology*; D012044:Regression Analysis