title: The future of HIV prevention: prospects for an effective anti-HIV microbicide.
abstract: Topical microbicides are self-administered products for prevention of HIV transmission, and they present one of the most promising strategies for combating the HIV-AIDS epidemic. The development of microbicides is a long and complicated process, with many hurdles that are unique to this class of product, including challenges in product design, in the conduct and design of clinical trials, and in obtaining licensure of a new class of products intended for use almost exclusively in developing countries. Once they have been registered, there are additional challenges to the marketing and distribution of microbicides. An overview of the types of microbicide currently in development, and a summary of the issues and the approaches being taken to address them, are provided.
authors.affiliation: International Partnership for Microbicides, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA. jnuttall@ipm-microbicides.org
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nuttall
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Douville
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Galbreath
authors.forename: Annaléne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nel
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Heyward
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mitchnick
authors.forename: Saul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Zeda
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D065100:CCR5 Receptor Antagonists; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D065100:CCR5 Receptor Antagonists; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors