The dog that did not bark: malaria vaccines without antibodies.
To date, the only pre-blood stage vaccine to confer protection against malaria in field trials elicits both antigen-specific antibody and T-cell responses. Recent clinical trials of new heterologous prime-boost malaria vaccine regimens using DNA, fowlpox or MVA, have chiefly elicited T-cell responses that have promisingly reduced hepatic merozoites in challenge trials, but failed to protect in field trials. These encouraging results suggest further augmentation of T-cell responses to pre-blood stage antigens might one day contribute to a highly protective vaccine. We envision that a highly protective pre-erythrocytic vaccine will likely be based upon a heterologous prime-boost regimen that induces both appropriate T-cell responses as well as robust and protracted antibody production.
Heppner
D Gray
DG
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
Schwenk
Robert J
RJ
Arnot
David
D
Sauerwein
Robert W
RW
Luty
Adrian J F
AJ
D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000276:immunology; D017322:Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; D005587:Fowlpox virus / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007156:Immunologic Memory / Q000276:immunology; D017780:Malaria Vaccines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000276:immunology*; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D017780:Malaria Vaccines; D019444:Vaccines, DNA