title: Nephropathy advancing to end-stage renal disease: a novel complication of lysinuric protein intolerance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze systemically the prevalence of renal involvement in a cohort of Finnish patients with lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI) and to describe the course and outcome of end-stage renal disease in 4 patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical information in a cohort of 39 Finnish patients with LPI was analyzed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Proteinuria was observed in 74% of the patients and hematuria was observed in 38% of the patients during follow-up. Elevated blood pressure was diagnosed in 36% of the patients. Mean serum creatinine concentration increased in 38% of the patients, and cystatin C concentration increased in 59% of the patients. Four patients required dialysis, and severe anemia with poor response to erythropoietin and iron supplementation also developed in these patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that renal function of patients with LPI needs to be carefully monitored, and hypertension and hyperlipidemia should be treated effectively. Special attention also should be paid to the prevention of osteoporosis and carnitine deficiency in the patients with end-stage renal disease associated with LPI. The primary disease does not prohibit treatment by dialysis and renal transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. lamaer@utu.fi
authors.forename: Laura M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Tanner
authors.forename: Kirsti
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Näntö-Salonen
authors.forename: Harri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Niinikoski
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jahnukainen
authors.forename: Päivi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Keskinen
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.forename: Kristiina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kananen
authors.forename: Antero
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Helanterä
authors.forename: Martti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Metso
authors.forename: Marjatta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Linnanvuo
authors.forename: Kirsi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huoponen
authors.forename: Olli
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Simell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D020157:Amino Acid Transport Disorders, Inborn / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002956:Citrulline / Q000097:blood; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D055316:Cystatin C; D015891:Cystatins / Q000097:blood; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008239:Lysine / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: C525030:CST3 protein, human; D055316:Cystatin C; D015891:Cystatins; D002956:Citrulline; D003404:Creatinine; D008239:Lysine