title: Cellular homeoproteins, SATB1 and CDP, bind to the unique region between the human cytomegalovirus UL127 and major immediate-early genes.
abstract: An AT-rich region of the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) genome between the UL127 open reading frame and the major immediate-early (MIE) enhancer is referred to as the unique region (UR). It has been shown that the UR represses activation of transcription from the UL127 promoter and functions as a boundary between the divergent UL127 and MIE genes during human CMV infection [Angulo, A., Kerry, D., Huang, H., Borst, E.M., Razinsky, A., Wu, J., Hobom, U., Messerle, M., Ghazal, P., 2000. Identification of a boundary domain adjacent to the potent human cytomegalovirus enhancer that represses transcription of the divergent UL127 promoter. J. Virol. 74 (6), 2826-2839; Lundquist, C.A., Meier, J.L., Stinski, M.F., 1999. A strong negative transcriptional regulatory region between the human cytomegalovirus UL127 gene and the major immediate-early enhancer. J. Virol. 73 (11), 9039-9052]. A putative forkhead box-like (FOX-like) site, AAATCAATATT, was identified in the UR and found to play a key role in repression of the UL127 promoter in recombinant virus-infected cells [Lashmit, P.E., Lundquist, C.A., Meier, J.L., Stinski, M.F., 2004. Cellular repressor inhibits human cytomegalovirus transcription from the UL127 promoter. J. Virol. 78 (10), 5113-5123]. However, the cellular factors which associate with the UR and FOX-like region remain to be determined. We reported previously that pancreatic-duodenal homeobox factor-1 (PDX1) bound to a 45-bp element located within the UR [Chao, S.H., Harada, J.N., Hyndman, F., Gao, X., Nelson, C.G., Chanda, S.K., Caldwell, J.S., 2004. PDX1, a Cellular Homeoprotein, Binds to and Regulates the Activity of Human Cytomegalovirus Immediate Early Promoter. J. Biol. Chem. 279 (16), 16111-16120]. Here we demonstrate that two additional cellular homeoproteins, special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 (SATB1) and CCAAT displacement protein (CDP), bind to the human CMV UR in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, CDP is identified as a FOX-like binding protein and a repressor of the UL127 promoter, while SATB1 has no effect on UL127 expression. Since CDP is known as a transcription repressor and a nuclear matrix-associated region binding protein, CDP may have a role in the regulation of human CMV transcription.
authors.affiliation: Expression Engineering Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore.
authors.forename: Jialing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Zachary
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Klase
authors.forename: Xiaoqi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Jeremy S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Caldwell
authors.forename: Mark F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Stinski
authors.forename: Fatah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kashanchi
authors.forename: Sheng-Hao
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chao
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000235:genetics*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D017781:Genes, Immediate-Early; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D005814:Genes, Viral; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney; D036961:Matrix Attachment Region Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010957:Plasmids; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D036961:Matrix Attachment Region Binding Proteins; C076189:SATB1 protein, human