title: Ultrasound enhanced glucose release from corn in ethanol plants.
abstract: This work evaluated the use of high power ultrasonic energy to treat corn slurry in dry corn milling ethanol plants to enhance liquefaction and saccharification for ethanol production. Corn slurry samples obtained before and after jet cooking were subjected to ultrasonic pretreatment for 20 and 40 s at amplitudes of vibration ranging from 180 to 299 microm(pp) (peak to peak amplitude in microm). The resulting samples were then exposed to enzymes (alpha-amylase and glucoamylase) to convert cornstarch into glucose. A comparison of scanning electron micrographs of raw and sonicated samples showed the development of micropores and the disruption of cell walls in corn mash. The corn particle size declined nearly 20-fold following ultrasonic treatment at high power settings. The glucose release rate from sonicated samples increased as much as threefold compared to the control group. The efficiency of ultrasound exceeded 100% in terms of energy gain from the sugar released over the ultrasonic energy supplied. Enzymatic activity was enhanced when the corn slurry was sonicated with simultaneous addition of enzymes. This finding suggests that the ultrasonic energy did not degrade or denature the enzymes during the pretreatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3080, USA.
authors.forename: Samir Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Khanal
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Montalbo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Leeuwen
authors.forename: Gowrishankar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grewell
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D000431:Ethanol / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D005087:Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010316:Particle Size; D013010:Sonication; D014465:Ultrasonics; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol; D000516:alpha-Amylases; D005087:Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase; D005947:Glucose