title: The relationship between carotid and coronary atherosclerotic damage in dialysis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Data relating carotid ultrasound (CU) to atherosclerotic damage evaluated by coronary angiography in hemodialysis patients are scarce.
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out a cross-sectional study in 33 uremic subjects (age 55 +/- 12 years, 22 male, 7 diabetic), who have been on dialysis for 41 +/- 48 months (range 2-192). Twenty-two underwent a coronary angiography in order to complete clinical evaluation for inclusion on the kidney transplantation waiting list, and 11 because of coronary artery disease (CAD); Gensini's score was calculated. Intima-media thickness (IMT) and presence of plaques were related to the degree of coronary stenosis and to cardiovascular risk factors. Patients were divided into two groups depending on mean IMT (group 1 IM <or= 0.9 mm, n=18; group 2 IMT>0.9 mm, n=15).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group 2 was older (60 +/- 8 vs 50 +/- 12 year, p=0.01), had higher frequency of CAD (53 vs 16%, p=0.02) and had higher prevalence of coronary artery stenosis >or= 75% in the right (60 vs 22%, p=0.02), left anterior descending (46 vs 16%, p=0.06) and left circumflex coronary arteriers (60 vs 11%, p=0.05) than group 1. IMT was not related to the degree of CAD evaluated by Gensini's score. IMT sensibility and specificity in detecting the presence of hemodynamically significant coronary stenosis were 64% and 68%, respectively. Coronary narrowing was correlated with the degree of stenosis of common, internal and external carotid arteries (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient). During two years of follow-up, six major cardiac events were recorded and they were related to Gensini's score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In uremic patients, ultrasonographic evaluation of carotid arteries is a simple, noninvasive examination that could be a helpful tool in detecting coronary atherosclerotic damage, but IMT does not appear to add more information regarding risk stratification of CAD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, St Anna Hospital, Ferrara - Italy. f.fabbian@ospfe.it
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fabbian
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cacici
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Franceschini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vassanelli
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Catizone
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lupo
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002342:Carotid Artery, External / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000145:classification; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography