title: Androgen profiles among Egyptian adults considering liver status.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and environmental hepatotoxins may have an indirect influence on health by altering the synthesis and function of hormones, particularly reproductive hormones. We aimed to evaluate liver diseases and sex steroid hormones in Egypt, which has the highest prevalence of HCV worldwide.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV), HCV and schistosomiasis infection as well as liver function in 159 apparently healthy subjects. We measured total testosterone (T), sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and albumin, and calculated the free androgen index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anti-HCV antibodies were detected in 51% of men and 42% of women. Based on HCV reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) of 44 men and 33 women, 11% of men and 21% of women showed HCV viremia. There was schistosomiasis in 25% of men and 9% of women, and mixed HCV viremia and schistosomiasis in 57% of men and 52% of women. Compared with men with schistosomiasis only (mean 593.3 +/- 73.4 ng/dL), T was higher in men with mixed HCV viremia and schistosomiasis (mean 854.5 +/- 47.9 ng/dL; P = 0.006) and men with mixed chronic HCV and schistosomiasis (mean 812.1 +/- 43.3 ng/dL; P = 0.001). Men with mixed chronic HCV and schistosomiasis had also significantly higher SHBG (mean 57.7 +/- 3.9 ng/dL) than males with schistosomiasis only (mean 34.8 +/- SE 4.5 ng/dL; P = 0.0003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future investigations should consider that a high prevalence of asymptomatic liver disease may alter associations between hormone concentrations and chronic disease etiology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Cristina E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.forename: Amr S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Soliman
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: McConnell
authors.forename: Abdel-Rahman
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Zekri
authors.forename: Mousumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: Ayman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Omar
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharawy
authors.forename: Sherif
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Omar
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raouf
authors.forename: Maryfran R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sowers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000728:Androgens / Q000097:blood*; D004534:Egypt; D005260:Female; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012552:Schistosomiasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000032:analysis; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D012709:Serum Albumin; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D013739:Testosterone