title: Is a barium swallow complementary to endoscopy essential in the preoperative assessment of laparoscopic antireflux and hiatal hernia surgery?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Barium swallow is considered essential in the preoperative assessment of gastroesophaeal reflux disease and hiatal hernias. The objective of this study was to investigate the effective value of a barium swallow if complementary to the commonly recommended endoscopy before laparoscopic antireflux and hiatal hernia surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively evaluated 40 consecutive patients who were tested with preoperative barium swallow and endoscopy before laparoscopic surgery for gastroesophageal reflux disease and/or symptomatic hiatal hernia. Results regarding the presence and the type of hiatal hernia found by barium swallow and endoscopy were correlated with the intraoperative finding as the reference standard.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intraoperative findings revealed 21 axial, 7 paraesophageal, and 12 mixed hiatal hernias. Barium swallow and endoscopy allowed the diagnosis of hiatal hernia in 75% and 97.5%, respectively (p = 0.003). The correct classification of hiatal hernia was confirmed in 50% by barium swallow and 80% by endoscopy (p = 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although barium swallow is recommended as an important diagnostic tool in the workup before surgical antireflux and hiatal hernia therapy, our results suggest that if mandatory endoscopy is performed preoperatively, a barium swallow does not provide any further essential information. It seems that barium swallow can be omitted as a basic diagnostic test before primary laparoscopic antireflux and hiatal hernia surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9007 St., Gallen, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Georg R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Linke
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Borovicka
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zerz
authors.forename: Rene
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Warschkow
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: Beat P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Müller-Stich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001466:Barium Sulfate; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D018662:Fundoplication / Q000379:methods; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006551:Hernia, Hiatal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001466:Barium Sulfate