title: Preseptal and orbital cellulitis in a developing country.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the clinical features, etiology, management practices, and outcomes of preseptal (PC) and orbital cellulitis (OC) in a developing country.
  
  
  METHODS
  The charts of all patients with PC and OC at the Philippine General Hospital from 1990 to 1995 were reviewed and the following data retrieved: age, gender, manner of presentation, causative agent, treatment, and outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 91 patients, 56 (62%) were diagnosed with PC and 35 (38%) with OC. The mean age at presentation was 12.6 +/- 17.0 years and 17.1 +/- 18.6 years, respectively. No sex predilection was observed. Ophthalmoplegia, chemosis, pain, proptosis, and blurred vision were associated with OC. Eyelid infection was the most common antecedent factor and was present in 15 (27%) PC patients and 13 (37%) OC patients. Staphylococcus was the most frequent causative organism. Intravenous antibiotics were administered to 35 (62%) PC patients and all patients with OC. Surgical intervention was performed in 15 (27%) PC patients and 22 (63%) OC patients. None of the PC patients developed permanent sequelae. Seventeen (49%) OC patients developed serious complications such as: visual loss (29%), neurological deficits (17%), and mortality (3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In developing countries, eyelid infection may be the most important predisposing factor for periocular infection. Staphylococcus is the predominant causative agent. OC can be associated with serious complications. Aggressive management of OC may improve patient outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Sentro Oftalmologico Jose Rizal, Department of Ophthalmology, University of the Philippines, Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines. harveyuy@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Harvey Siy
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Uy
authors.forename: Prospero Ma C
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Tuano
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002481:Cellulitis / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009916:Orbital Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D010679:Philippines / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome