title: Pressure dependence of the contact angle.
abstract: When a liquid and its vapor contact a smooth, homogeneous surface, Gibbsian thermodynamics indicates that the contact angle depends on the pressure at the three-phase line of an isothermal system. When a recently proposed adsorption isotherm for a solid-vapor interface is combined with the equilibrium conditions and the system is assumed to be in a cylinder where the liquid-vapor interface can be approximated as spherical, the contact-angle-pressure relation can be made explicit. It indicates that a range of contact angles can be observed on a smooth homogeneous surface by changing the pressure at the three-phase line, but it also indicates that the adsorption at the solid-liquid interface is negative, and leads to the prediction that the contact angle increases with pressure. The predicted dependence of the contact angle on pressure is investigated experimentally in a system that has an independent mechanism for determining when thermodynamic equilibrium is reached. The predictions are in agreement with the measurements. The results provide a possible explanation for contact angle hysteresis.
authors.affiliation: Thermodynamics and Kinetics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 3G8.
authors.forename: Jiyu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Farouk
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Ward