title: Adenovirus-mediated hypoxia-targeting cytosine deaminase gene therapy enhances radiotherapy in tumour xenografts.
abstract: Hypoxia is closely associated with the radioresistance of tumours; therefore, targeting hypoxic areas is very important for cancer therapy. The aim of this study is to establish such a targeting strategy by applying a bacterial cytosine deaminase (BCD)/5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) gene therapy system and to examine whether the strategy enhances the efficacy of radiotherapy in a tumour xenograft. The hypoxia-responsive promoter 5HREp, in which five copies of the hypoxia-response element (HRE) enhance transcription from a cytomegalovirus minimal promoter, was employed to induce the expression of BCD under hypoxic conditions. The adenoviral vector Ad/5HREp-BCD, encoding the gene 5HREp-BCD, robustly induced BCD expression under hypoxic conditions and this led to significant cytotoxicity in combination with 5-FC in vitro. Intratumoral Ad/5HREp-BCD administration resulted in the expression of BCD at the border between normoxic and necrotic regions. The BCD/5-FC gene therapy enhanced the therapeutic effects of both single (12.5 Gy) and fractionated (3 Gy x 5 days) radiotherapy with few side effects and significantly increased tumour growth doubling time by up to 2.4-fold (P<0.01) and 2.5-fold (P<0.05), respectively. All of these results suggest that the present BCD/5-FC gene therapy has the ability to specifically target hypoxic tumour cells and significantly improves the control of tumour growth after radiotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-Applied Therapy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiraoka
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D043525:Cytosine Deaminase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D010957:Plasmids; D014162:Transfection; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D043525:Cytosine Deaminase