title: Survival study and treatment strategy for second primary malignancies in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  Patients at risk of developing second primary malignancies (SPMs) comprise those with primary hypopharyngeal, laryngeal, and oral cavity index cancers, patients with well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, those aged >70 years, patients who are heavy smokers, alcohol drinkers, or betel quid chewers, and those with a family history of SPM.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  SPMs are commonly found after successful treatment of index cancers in the head and neck region; however, treatment guidelines for SPMs have not been established. We compared the differences in the clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and 10-year survival rate between patients with SPMs who had been treated for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and those who had been treated for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in order to establish an effective treatment strategy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a 10-year retrospective study of 125 patients who had developed SPMs after being treated for either HNSCC or NPC during the period from January 1995 to July 2005. The average follow-up time was 34.9 months, and the setting for the study was a tertiary referral center.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The survival rate of patients with SPMs is not significantly poor. The survival is worse if the SPM is associated with a primary advanced stage index cancer or it is synchronous; if the SPM occurs in an area other than the head and neck region; or if SPM patients undergo palliative treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, China Medical University Hospital, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yung-An
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Tsou
authors.forename: Chun-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.forename: Hsien-Chang
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Meng-Hung
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Ming-Hsui
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Tsai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate