title: Ability of different polymers to inhibit the crystallization of amorphous felodipine in the presence of moisture.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the ability of various polymers to inhibit the crystallization of amorphous felodipine from amorphous molecular dispersions in the presence of absorbed moisture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spin coated films of felodipine with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) were exposed to different storage relative humidities and nucleation rates were measured using polarized light microscopy. Solid dispersions were further characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, infrared spectroscopy and gravimetric measurement of water vapor sorption.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was found that the polymer additive reduced nucleation rates whereas absorbed water enhanced the nucleation rate as anticipated. When both polymer and water were present, nucleation rates were reduced relative to those of the pure amorphous drug stored at the same relative humidity, despite the fact that the polymer containing systems absorbed more water. Differences between the stabilizing abilities of the various polymers were observed and these were explained by the variations in the moisture contents of the solid dispersions caused by the different hygroscopicities of the component polymers. No correlations could be drawn between nucleation rates and the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the system. PVP containing solid dispersions appeared to undergo molecular level changes on exposure to moisture which may be indicative of phase separation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, it was found that for a given storage relative humidity, although the addition of a polymer increases the moisture content of the system relative to that of the pure amorphous drug, the crystallization tendency was still reduced.
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Konno
authors.forename: Lynne S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D003460:Crystallization; D004355:Drug Stability; D015736:Felodipine / Q000737:chemistry*; D006813:Humidity; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D007700:Kinetics; D008747:Methylcellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D008859:Microscopy, Polarization; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D011205:Povidone / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D044366:Transition Temperature; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D017155:Wettability
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; D014867:Water; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; C048331:hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate; D008747:Methylcellulose; D011205:Povidone; D015736:Felodipine