title: Developmental toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos after exposure to manufactured nanomaterials: buckminsterfullerene aggregates (nC60) and fullerol.
abstract: The present paper summarizes, to our knowledge, the first study regarding the developmental toxicity of stable buckminsterfullerene aggregates suspended in water (nC60) using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a vertebrate model. Zebrafish embryo survival, hatching rate, heartbeat, and pericardial edema were noted and described within 96 h of exposure. Fullerol (a hydroxylated C60 derivative, C60(OH)16-18) at 50 mg/L did not exert toxicity to zebrafish embryos. In contrast, nC60 at 1.5 mg/L delayed zebrafish embryo and larval development, decreased survival and hatching rates, and caused pericardial edema. Toxicity was mitigated by adding an antioxidant (glutathione), which suggests that a free radical-induced mechanism or another form of oxidative stress played a role in developmental toxicity.
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoshan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhenghua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Pedro J J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Alvarez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004487:Edema / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D037741:Fullerenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000494:pharmacology; D006339:Heart Rate; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D015027:Zebrafish
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005609:Free Radicals; D037741:Fullerenes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C496652:fullerol C60(OH)22; D005978:Glutathione