title: Alcohol consumption, mild cognitive impairment, and progression to dementia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the impact of alcohol consumption on the incidence of mild cognitive impairment and its progression to dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the incidence of mild cognitive impairment in 1,445 non-cognitively impaired individuals and its progression to dementia in 121 patients with mild cognitive impairment, aged 65 to 84 years, participating in the Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging, with a 3.5-year follow-up. The level of alcohol consumption was ascertained in the year before the survey. Dementia and mild cognitive impairment were classified using current clinical criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with mild cognitive impairment who were moderate drinkers, i.e., those who consumed less than 1 drink/day (approximately 15 g of alcohol), had a lower rate of progression to dementia than abstainers (hazard ratio [HR] 0.15; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.78). Furthermore, moderate drinkers with mild cognitive impairment who consumed less than 1 drink/day of wine showed a significantly lower rate of progression to dementia than abstainers (HR 0.15; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.77). Finally, there was no significant association between higher levels of drinking (> or =1 drink/day) and rate of progression to dementia in patients with mild cognitive impairment vs abstainers. No significant associations were found between any levels of drinking and the incidence of mild cognitive impairment in non-cognitively impaired individuals vs abstainers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with mild cognitive impairment, up to 1 drink/day of alcohol or wine may decrease the rate of progression to dementia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Center for Aging Brain, Memory Unit, University of Bari, Policlinico, Bari, Italy. v.solfrizzi@geriatria.uniba.it
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Solfrizzi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Introno
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Colacicco
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Capurso
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Del Parigi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baldassarre
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scapicchio
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Scafato
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amodio
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Capurso
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Panza
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013995:Time; D014920:Wine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D000431:Ethanol