title: Intracorporeal electrokinetic lithotripsy: an advancement in minimally invasive management of parotid duct calculus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Symptomatic salivary stones in the middle or proximal parotid duct have previously been treated by gland excision, which is associated with a 3-7 per cent risk to the facial nerve. Minimally invasive approaches to the management of salivary duct calculi have been devised over the past decade. Fluoroscopically guided basket retrieval, lithotripsy and intra-oral stone removal under general anaesthesia have found favour with most surgeons. Endoscopically controlled intracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy using the pneumoblastic lithotripter has been replaced by electrohydraulic lithotripsy (used in sialolith treatment).
  
  
  METHODS
  The electrokinetic lithotripter is normally used for the treatment of lower ureteric stones, and has the benefit of minimal concomitant tissue damage. We have extended its use to the treatment of parotid duct calculi. We present initial results for its use in the treatment of a proximal parotid duct stone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Application of the shock wave to the stone under direct vision avoided injury to the duct or to any local structure. The patient made an uneventful recovery and was asymptomatic after 18 months' follow up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Continuous, endoscopically monitored electrokinetic lithotripsy with good irrigation gives a well illuminated field and absolute delivery of energy to the target. It avoids the side effects caused by impact of the shock wave on the parotid duct and adjacent anatomical structures, thereby making it a safer procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eastbourne District General Hospital, East Grinstead, UK. princemodayil2000@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Modayil
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Manjaly
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Watson
mesh_terms: D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010305:Parotid Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D012465:Salivary Duct Calculi / Q000628:therapy*