title: Calcineurin inhibition or mutation enhances cell wall inhibitors against Aspergillus fumigatus.
abstract: Calcineurin mutation or inhibition enhanced the antifungal morphological effect of cell wall inhibitors caspofungin or nikkomycin Z against Aspergillus fumigatus. Quantification of 1,3-beta-d-glucan revealed decreased amounts in the calcineurin A (DeltacnaA) mutant. Calcineurin can be an excellent adjunct therapeutic target in combination with other cell wall inhibitors against A. fumigatus.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. stein022@mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Steinbach
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Cramer
authors.forename: B Zachary
authors.initials: BZ
authors.lastname: Perfect
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Henn
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heitman
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Perfect
mesh_terms: D000617:Aminoglycosides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001232:Aspergillus fumigatus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D019703:Calcineurin / Q000235:genetics; D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D000077336:Caspofungin; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000187:drug effects*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D054714:Echinocandins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D006801:Humans; D055666:Lipopeptides; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009154:Mutation; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000494:pharmacology; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D054714:Echinocandins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D055666:Lipopeptides; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; C011952:nikkomycin; D019703:Calcineurin; D000077336:Caspofungin; D016559:Tacrolimus