title: A simple and practical agglutination assay for the detection of human anti-mouse antibodies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Human anti-mouse antibodies (HAMAs) are relatively common in human serum and may interfere with therapeutic and diagnostic mouse monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs). We developed a simple particle agglutination test (PaGIA) for the detection of HAMAs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Red-dyed high density particles were coated with monoclonal mouse IgG. These particles were incubated in the reaction chamber of a gel-card together with serum samples obtained from healthy blood donors (n=32), and patients with clinically proven autoimmune thrombocytopenia (AITP; n=26). Positive reactions were defined by a layer of particles on top of the gel or agglutinated particles dispersed throughout the gel matrix. Furthermore, MoAb-coated particles were subjected to flow cytometry and the results were compared with the new HAMA PaGIA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HAMAs were detectable in 33% of serum samples tested (n=58). Results from flow cytometric analysis revealed a high parallel to those obtained by the PaGIA. Interestingly, we observed an increased incidence of HAMAs in AITP patients (42%) compared to healthy blood donors (26%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new HAMA PaGIA allows a specific and easy, rapid detection of HAMAs and is suitable for large scale testing.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Socher
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Tunay
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aslan
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bombard
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiesewetter
authors.forename: Abdulgabar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salama
mesh_terms: D000372:Agglutination Tests / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D000910:Antibodies, Heterophile / Q000097:blood*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000097:blood*; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood*; D051379:Mice / Q000276:immunology*; D016553:Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000910:Antibodies, Heterophile; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007074:Immunoglobulin G