title: Traditional and novel risk factors for clinically diagnosed abdominal aortic aneurysm: the Kaiser multiphasic health checkup cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Identification of risk factors for and early diagnosis of clinically significant abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) before rupture is vital to optimize outcomes in these patients. Our aim was to examine traditional and three novel potential risk factors (abdominal obesity, white blood cell count, and kidney function) for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA, comprising discharge diagnosis or surgical repair) in a large multiethnic population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study (N =104,813) conducted at an integrated health care delivery system in northern California.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a median of 13 years, 605 AAA events (490 in men and 115 in women; 91 [15%] fatal) were observed. In multivariable analysis, factors significantly associated with risk of clinically detected AAA included male gender, older age, black race (inversely), low educational attainment, cigarette smoking (with dose-response relation), height, treated and untreated hypertension, high total serum cholesterol, elevated white blood cell count, known coronary artery disease, history of intermittent claudication, and reduced kidney function. A significant Asian race by gender interaction was found such that Asian race had a (borderline significant) protective association with AAA in men but not in women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings confirm that major atherosclerotic risk factors, except for diabetes and obesity, are also prospectively related to AAA and suggest that elevated white blood cell count and reduced kidney function may improve risk stratification for clinically relevant AAA.
authors.affiliation: Kaiser Permanente of Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, CA 94612, USA. cgi@dor.kaiser.org
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iribarren
authors.forename: Jeanne A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Darbinian
authors.forename: Alan S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Go
authors.forename: Bruce H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Fireman
authors.forename: Chong D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Douglas P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Grey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006279:Health Maintenance Organizations; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009098:Multiphasic Screening; D012307:Risk Factors