title: Bilateral orbital myeloid sarcoma as initial manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Granulocytic sarcoma is a rare orbital complication of acute leukemia. It concerns primarily children under 10 years of age suffering from primitive acute myeloid leukemia. The diagnosis is made by clinical examination, computed tomography and confirmed by haematological investigations. The treatment approach is based on chemotherapy associated with intravenous steroid therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report the case of a 6-year-old girl who presented with bilateral proptosis revealing acute myeloid leukemia. The patient was treated by a combination of chemotherapeutic drugs in two phases, associated with intravenous steroids. After a follow-up period of 24 months, the patient was in complete remission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma should be considered in any orbital mass of uncertain origin, particularly if it is bilateral. Special stains and immunohistochemistry play an important role in the diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tahar Sfar University Hospital, Mahdia, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Kamel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hmidi
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zaouali
authors.forename: Riadh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Messaoud
authors.forename: Bahri
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mahjoub
authors.forename: Wafa
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ammari
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bacha
authors.forename: Adnene
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laatiri
authors.forename: Salah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jenzeri
authors.forename: Moncef
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khairallah
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005094:Exophthalmos / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D023981:Sarcoma, Myeloid / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids