title: Quantitative detection of Ureaplasma parvum (biovar 1) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (biovar 2) in urine specimens from men with and without urethritis by real-time polymerase chain reaction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We previously reported a significant association between Ureaplasma urealyticum (biovar 2) and nongonococcal urethritis (NGU). We also found that the presence of Ureaplasma parvum (biovar 1) in the male urethra might be the result of colonization.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to clarify the pathogenic role of human Ureaplasma in NGU by assessing the association of bacterial loads with clinical findings and inflammatory responses in the urethra.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 16S rRNA gene of Ureaplasma was quantified by a TaqMan-based real-time polymerase chain reaction assay in first-pass urine from 37 men with Ureaplasma-positive nonmycoplasmal nonchlamydial NGU (NMNCNGU) and 30 Ureaplasma-positive men without urethritis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  U. urealyticum (biovar 2) loads in 23 men with NMNCNGU were significantly higher than those in 14 men without urethritis. However, U. parvum (biovar 1) loads did not differ significantly between 14 men with NMNCNGU and 20 men without urethritis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The association of increased U. urealyticum (biovar 2) loads with symptomatic urethritis suggests that U. urealyticum (biovar 2) may be a pathogen of NGU. Our results also suggest that the presence of U. parvum (biovar 1) may not be significant in the development of NGU.
authors.affiliation: Research and Development, Mitsubishi Kagaku Bio-Clinical Laboratories, Inc., Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Deguchi
authors.forename: Shin-Ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meda
authors.forename: Yasuaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tamaki
authors.forename: Shigeaki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yokoi
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishiko
mesh_terms: D017931:DNA Primers; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000032:analysis; D014509:Ureaplasma / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016869:Ureaplasma Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology; D016990:Ureaplasma urealyticum / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014526:Urethritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology; D016482:Urinalysis
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S