title: Benefit of vitamin A supplementation on ascaris reinfection is less evident in stunted children.
abstract: Despite the common coexistence of vitamin A deficiency and Ascaris infection in preschool children in developing countries, and despite the widespread use of vitamin A supplements, remarkably little is understood about the impact of vitamin A supplementation on this gastrointestinal nematode. The Ministry of Health of Panama recently initiated a vitamin A supplementation program in rural indigenous populations. We took advantage of this initiative to assess the benefit of 200,000 IU (60 mg retinol) vitamin A on reinfection with Ascaris following deworming. Baseline stool exams, anthropometry, and socio-economic data were collected for 328 preschool children from 12-60 mo of age (106 supplemented within previous 3 mo and 222 unsupplemented within previous 6 mo). All children were dewormed with albendazole, and reinfection levels were monitored 3 and 5 mo later. Baseline prevalence of Ascaris was 79.5%. Stepwise regression showed that Ascaris intensity was lower in Vit A-supplemented children at baseline and 3 mo after deworming, but not after 5 mo. As 61% of the children were stunted, the impact of supplementation on Ascaris reinfection was examined separately for stunted and children of normal height. Prevalence and intensity of Ascaris at baseline and 3 mo after deworming were lower in children of normal height, but in stunted children the benefit was restricted to those who were dewormed within 6 wk of supplementation. Our study provides evidence that combined vitamin A supplementation and deworming reduces Ascaris reinfection in children living in areas of chronic parasitosis, but that the duration of the benefit is less in stunted children.
authors.affiliation: School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition and 4Institute of Parasitology, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Leslie G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: Kristine G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Koski
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ortega-Barria
authors.forename: Marilyn E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Scott
mesh_terms: D015766:Albendazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001196:Ascariasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition; D010176:Panama / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012423:Rural Health; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D014815:Vitamins; D014801:Vitamin A; D015766:Albendazole