title: A model for clubfoot based on micro-CT data.
abstract: The pathological anatomy of idiopathic clubfoot has been investigated for more than 180 years using anatomy, computed tomography (CT), histology and microscopy. Seven idiopathic clubfeet and two normal feet of aborted fetuses were dissected in the present study, with special emphasis on the shape of the cartilage and bones. A three-dimensional (3D) micro-CT system, which generates a series of X-ray attenuation measurements, was used to produce computed reconstructed 3D data sets of each of the separated bones. Based on the micro-CT data scans a high-definition 3D colour printing system was used to make a four times enlarged clubfoot model, precisely presenting all the bony malformations. This model reflects the complexity of the anatomy of this disease and is designed to be used in the workshops of orthopaedic surgeons and physiotherapists, for training in new surgical and manipulation techniques.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anatomy Graz, Medical University Graz, Austria. gunther.windisch@meduni-graz.at
authors.forename: Gunther
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Windisch
authors.forename: Dietmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Salaberger
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rosmarin
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kastner
authors.forename: Gerhard Ulrich
authors.initials: GU
authors.lastname: Exner
authors.forename: Verena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Haldi-Brändle
authors.forename: Friedrich
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Anderhuber
mesh_terms: D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology; D002356:Cartilage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology; D003025:Clubfoot / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology*; D005528:Foot / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed