Cellulose/water: liquid/gas and liquid/liquid phase equilibria and their consistent modeling.
Liquid/liquid and liquid/gas equilibria were measured for the water/cellulose system at 80 degrees C using three different polymer samples. For these experiments we prepared cellulose films of approximately 20-25 microm in thickness and determined their equilibrium swelling in water. Thereafter the polymer concentration in the mixed phase was increased by means of a stepwise removal of the volatile component, and the equilibrium vapor pressures were measured using an automated combination of head space sampling and gas chromatography. Contrary to the usual behavior of polymers, the swelling of cellulose increases as its molar mass becomes larger. The Flory-Huggins interaction parameters calculated from the measured vapor pressures pass a pronounced minimum as a function of composition; for high cellulose contents they are negative, whereas they become positive for water-rich mixtures. All experimental findings are consistently interpreted by means of an approach accounting explicitly for the effects of chain connectivity and for the ability of macromolecules to respond to environmental changes by conformational rearrangement.
Eckelt
John
J
Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Johannes Gutenberg Universität and Materialwissenschaftliches Forschungszentrum, Universität Mainz, Welder-Weg 13, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
Wolf
Bernhard A
BA
D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000737:chemistry; D005740:Gases; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013696:Temperature; D013818:Thermogravimetry / Q000379:methods; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
D005227:Fatty Acids; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D005740:Gases; D011108:Polymers; D011140:Polyurethanes; D014867:Water; C048289:10-undecynoic acid; D002482:Cellulose