title: Familial occurrence of signs of temporomandibular disorders in headache children and their mothers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Earlier studies have provided evidence of genetic inheritance of headache, especially migraine, but no familial occurrence has been found regarding temporomandibular disorders (TMD). In adults, headache and TMD have been found to be associated with each other, but studies on children are few. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that there is no association between signs of TMD in 13-year-old headache children and their mothers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population was a nested case-control study of the population-based Finnish Family Competence Study originally consisting of over 1000 families. A structured questionnaire was sent to the families of 6-year-old children. A clinical examination was performed in 96 children with headache and 96 pairwise controls. At the age of 13 years, 75 of these same 96 children with headache and 79 of 96 headache-free controls participated in pediatric and stomatognathic examinations. Moreover, the mothers (n=154) filled in a structured headache questionnaire and participated in the stomatognathic examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No association between mother's and child's TMD signs was found. There was a significant association between signs of TMD and both migraine and tension-type headache in children. In mothers, the association was significant only between migraine and TMD signs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Familial occurrence of signs of TMD cannot be found in headache children and their mothers.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Finland. marjo-riitta.liljestrom@fimnet.fi
authors.forename: Marjo-Riitta
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Liljeström
authors.forename: Minna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aromaa
authors.forename: Yrsa Le
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Tapio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jämsä
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Helenius
authors.forename: Ruut
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Virtanen
authors.forename: Pirjo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Anttila
authors.forename: Liisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Metsähonkala
authors.forename: Päivi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rautava
authors.forename: Pentti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Alanen
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sillanpää
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D051270:Headache Disorders, Primary / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D009035:Mothers; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*