title: Learning about systems-based practice in the informal curriculum: a case study in an academic pediatric continuity clinic.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pediatric residents learn about systems-based practice (SBP) explicitly in the formal curriculum and implicitly in the informal curriculum as they engage in practice alongside physician faculty. Recent studies describe innovative ways to address SBP in the formal curriculum for SBP, but the informal curriculum has not been explored. We examined what, and how, third-year pediatric residents learn about SBP in the informal curriculum at one continuity clinic, and to consider how this learning aligns with the formal curriculum.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case study involving 10 third-year pediatric residents and 10 continuity preceptors was conducted at one continuity clinic, housed in a community-based, pediatric primary care center. Data were derived from 5 months (100 hours) of direct observation in the precepting room at the case clinic, semistructured interviews with residents (before and after observation) and with preceptors (after observation). Interview transcripts and notes from observation were inductively coded and analyzed for major themes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two themes emerged in the informal curriculum. Residents perceived "our system," the academic health system in which they trained and practiced as separate and distinct from the "real system," the larger, societal context of health care. Residents also understood SBP as a commitment to helping individual patients and families navigate the complexities of "our system," dealing with issues that concerned them.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Residents learn important lessons about SBP in the informal curriculum in continuity clinic. These lessons may reinforce some elements of the competency-based formal curriculum for SBP, but challenge others.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. balmer@email.chop.edu
authors.forename: Dorene
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Balmer
authors.forename: Sheryl
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ruzek
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.forename: Angelo P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Giardino
mesh_terms: D003266:Continuity of Patient Care; D003479:Curriculum; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000193:education*