title: Nitrogen regulation in bacteria and archaea.
abstract: A wide range of Bacteria and Archaea sense cellular 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) as an indicator of nitrogen limitation. 2OG sensor proteins are varied, but most of those studied belong to the PII superfamily. Within the PII superfamily, GlnB and GlnK represent a widespread family of homotrimeric proteins (GlnB-K) that bind and respond to 2OG and ATP. In some bacterial phyla, GlnB-K proteins are covalently modified, depending on enzymes that sense cellular glutamine as an indicator of nitrogen sufficiency. GlnB-K proteins are central clearing houses of nitrogen information and bind and modulate a variety of nitrogen assimilation regulators and enzymes. NifI(1) and NifI(2) comprise a second widespread family of PII proteins (NifI) that are heteromultimeric, respond to 2OG and ATP, and bind and regulate dinitrogenase in Euryarchaeota and many Bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7242, USA. leighj@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Leigh
authors.forename: Jeremy A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Dodsworth
mesh_terms: D020561:Alphaproteobacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D001105:Archaea / Q000378:metabolism*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase / Q000235:genetics; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D009713:Nucleotidyltransferases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D051922:PII Nitrogen Regulatory Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D051922:PII Nitrogen Regulatory Proteins; C404143:PIID regulatory protein, Bacteria; C497878:glnK protein, E coli; D009713:Nucleotidyltransferases; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; D009584:Nitrogen