title: The HER4 cytoplasmic domain, but not its C terminus, inhibits mammary cell proliferation.
abstract: Unlike the proliferative action of other epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor family members, HER4/ErbB4 is often associated with growth-inhibitory and differentiation signaling. These actions may involve HER4 two-step proteolytic processing by intramembraneous gamma-secretase, releasing the soluble, intracellular 80-kDa HER4 cytoplasmic domain, s80HER4. We demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of either gamma-secretase activity or HER4 tyrosine kinase activity blocked heregulin-dependent growth inhibition of SUM44 breast cancer cells. We next generated breast cell lines stably expressing GFP-s80HER4 [green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to the N terminus of the HER4 cytoplasmic domain, residues 676-1308], GFP-CT(HER4) (GFP fused to N terminus of the HER4 C-terminus distal to the tyrosine kinase domain, residues 989-1308), or GFP alone. Both GFP-s80HER4 and GFP-CTHER4 were found in the nucleus, but GFP-s80HER4 accumulated to a greater extent and sustained its nuclear localization. s80HER4 was constitutively tyrosine phosphorylated, and treatment of cells with a specific HER family tyrosine kinase inhibitor 1) blocked tyrosine phosphorylation; 2) markedly diminished GFP-s80HER4 nuclear localization; and 3) reduced signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)5A tyrosine phosphorylation and nuclear localization as well as GFP-s80HER4:STAT5A interaction. Multiple normal mammary and breast cancer cell lines, stably expressing GFP-s80HER4 (SUM44, MDA-MB-453, MCF10A, SUM102, and HC11) were growth inhibited compared with the same cell line expressing GFP-CTHER4 or GFP alone. The s80HER4-induced cell number reduction was due to slower growth because rates of apoptosis were equivalent in GFP-, GFP-CTHER4-, and GFP-s80HER4-expressing cells. Lastly, GFP-s80HER4 enhanced differentiation signaling as indicated by increased basal and prolactin-dependent beta-casein expression. These results indicate that surface HER4 tyrosine phosphorylation and ligand-dependent release of s80HER4 are necessary, and s80HER4 signaling is sufficient for HER4-dependent growth inhibition.
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
authors.forename: Shu-Mang
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Carolyn I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Sartor
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xihui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Laura S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Caskey
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dy
authors.forename: Rebecca S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Muraoka-Cook
authors.forename: H Shelton
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Earp
mesh_terms: D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000502:physiology*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D042361:Mammary Glands, Human / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020890:Neuregulin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000502:physiology; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D066247:Receptor, ErbB-4
chemical_list: D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D020890:Neuregulin-1; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C587689:ERBB4 protein, human; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D066247:Receptor, ErbB-4; D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases