title: Down-regulation of Sprouty2 in non-small cell lung cancer contributes to tumor malignancy via extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
abstract: Sprouty (Spry) proteins function as inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling mainly by interfering with the Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, a pathway known to be frequently deregulated in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we show a consistently lowered Spry2 expression in NSCLC when compared with the corresponding normal lung epithelium. Based on these findings, we investigated the influence of Spry2 expression on the malignant phenotype of NSCLC cells. Ectopic expression of Spry2 antagonized mitogen-activated protein kinase activity and inhibited cell migration in cell lines homozygous for K-Ras wild type, whereas in NSCLC cells expressing mutated K-Ras, Spry2 failed to diminish extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. Nonetheless, Spry2 significantly reduced cell proliferation in all investigated cell lines and blocked tumor formation in mice. Accordingly, a Spry2 mutant unable to inhibit ERK phosphorylation reduced cell proliferation significantly but less pronounced compared with the wild-type protein. Therefore, we conclude that Spry2 interferes with ERK phosphorylation and another yet unidentified pathway. Our results suggest that Spry2 plays a role as tumor suppressor in NSCLC by antagonizing receptor tyrosine kinase-induced signaling at different levels, indicating feasibility for the usage of Spry in targeted gene therapy of NSCLC.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria. hedwig.sutterluety@meduniwien.ac.at
authors.forename: Hedwig
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sutterlüty
authors.forename: Christoph-Erik
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Setinek
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Attems
authors.forename: Slav
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ovtcharov
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mikula
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mikulits
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Micksche
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Berger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D050505:Mutant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D050505:Mutant Proteins; C485561:SPRY2 protein, human; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)