title: Different neural systems adjust motor behavior in response to reward and punishment.
abstract: Individuals use the outcomes of their actions to adjust future behavior. However, it remains unclear whether the same neural circuits are used to adjust behavior due to rewarding and punishing outcomes. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a reward-providing reaction time task to investigate the adaptation of a simple motor response following four different outcomes (delivery versus omission and monetary gain versus loss). We found that activation in the thalamus and insula predicted adjustments of motor responses due to outcomes that were cued and delivered, whereas activation in the ventral striatum predicted such adjustments when outcomes were cued but omitted. Further, activation of OFC predicted improvement after all punishing outcomes, independent of whether they were omitted rewards or delivered punishments. Finally, we found that activity in anterior cingulate predicted adjustment after delivered punishments and activity in dorsal striatum predicted adaptation after delivered rewards. Our results provide evidence that different but somewhat overlapping circuits mediate the same behavioral adaptation when it is driven by different incentive outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Charité Campus Mitte), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wrase
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kahnt
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schlagenhauf
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: Michael X
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Knutson
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heinz
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000502:physiology; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D030141:Feedback, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000502:physiology; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000502:physiology; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D011678:Punishment / Q000523:psychology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012201:Reward; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000502:physiology; D013788:Thalamus / Q000502:physiology