title: Central role of interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) in controlling retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I) expression.
abstract: Retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I) functions as the first line of defense against viral infection by sensing dsRNA and inducing type I interferon (IFN) production. The expression of RIG-I itself is induced by IFN-alpha/beta and dsRNA. To comprehend the molecular mechanism of expression regulation, we cloned the RIG-I promoter and analyzed its activity upon IFN-beta and dsRNA treatment. Under basal condition, RIG-I mRNA level and promoter activity were significantly higher in normal cells versus their tumor counterparts. In both normal and cancer cells, RIG-I expression was induced by IFN-beta and dsRNA. A single IRF-1 binding site in the proximal promoter functioned as a crucial regulator of basal, IFN-beta- and dsRNA-mediated induction of the RIG-I promoter. IFN-beta and dsRNA treatment increased IRF-1 binding to the RIG-I promoter. IRF-1 expression was also higher in normal cells than in cancer cells and it was induced by IFN-beta with similar kinetics as RIG-I. These results confirm that by controlling RIG-I expression, IRF-1 plays an essential role in anti-viral immunity. IRF-1 is a tumor suppressor and the expression profile of RIG-I together with its regulation by IRF-1 and the presence of a caspase-recruitment domain in RIG-I suggest that RIG-I might also possess tumor suppressor properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Zao-Zhong
authors.initials: ZZ
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Devanand
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.forename: Luni
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Emdad
authors.forename: Paola M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Barral
authors.forename: Paul B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Fisher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D000071457:DEAD Box Protein 58; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D050856:Interferon Regulatory Factor-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded / Q000378:metabolism; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic
chemical_list: D050856:Interferon Regulatory Factor-1; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D016899:Interferon-beta; C452820:RIGI protein, human; D000071457:DEAD Box Protein 58; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases