title: Prevalence, characteristics, and molecular epidemiology of macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae at five tertiary-care hospitals in Korea.
abstract: The genes erm(B), mef(A), and both erm(B) and mef(A) were identified in 42.6, 10.1, and 47.3%, respectively, of the erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates. Of the strains, 3.8% were nonsusceptible to levofloxacin and had 1 to 6 amino acid changes in the quinolone resistance-determining region, including a new mutation, Asn94Ser, in the product of parC. Levofloxacin with reserpine was highly specific for efflux screening.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, 633-165 Gaegeum-Dong Busanjin-Gu, Busan, 614-110, Korea. jhsmile@inje.ac.kr
authors.forename: Jeong Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Hee Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Hye Ran
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Seok Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Sunjoo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eun Yup
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jeong Nyeo
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chulhun Ludgerus
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000494:pharmacology; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D064704:Levofloxacin; D018942:Macrolides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology / Q000379:methods*; D009154:Mutation; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D012110:Reserpine / Q000494:pharmacology; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D018942:Macrolides; D004917:Erythromycin; D064704:Levofloxacin; D012110:Reserpine; D015242:Ofloxacin