title: Live-cell imaging reveals sequential oligomerization and local plasma membrane targeting of stromal interaction molecule 1 after Ca2+ store depletion.
abstract: Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) has recently been identified by our group and others as an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) sensor that responds to ER Ca(2+) store depletion and activates Ca(2+) channels in the plasma membrane (PM). The molecular mechanism by which STIM1 transduces signals from the ER lumen to the PM is not yet understood. Here we developed a live-cell FRET approach and show that STIM1 forms oligomers within 5 s after Ca(2+) store depletion. These oligomers rapidly dissociated when ER Ca(2+) stores were refilled. We further show that STIM1 formed oligomers before its translocation within the ER network to ER-PM junctions. A mutant STIM1 lacking the C-terminal polybasic PM-targeting motif oligomerized after Ca(2+) store depletion but failed to form puncta at ER-PM junctions. Using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching measurements to monitor STIM1 mobility, we show that STIM1 oligomers translocate on average only 2 mum to reach ER-PM junctions, arguing that STIM1 ER-to-PM signaling is a local process that is suitable for generating cytosolic Ca(2+) gradients. Together, our live-cell measurements dissect the STIM1 ER-to-PM signaling relay into four sequential steps: (i) dissociation of Ca(2+), (ii) rapid oligomerization, (iii) spatially restricted translocation to nearby ER-PM junctions, and (iv) activation of PM Ca(2+) channels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University Medical School, 318 Campus Drive, Clark Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. jenliou@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Jen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liou
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fivaz
authors.forename: Takanari
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meyer
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D002470:Cell Survival; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D021381:Protein Transport; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000071737:Stromal Interaction Molecule 1
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C103530:STIM1 protein, human; D000071737:Stromal Interaction Molecule 1; D002118:Calcium