title: Introducing a new incontinence management system for nursing home residents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe current practices of incontinence care in nursing homes (NHs) provided by certified nurse assistants (CNAs), and to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of an integrated incontinence care product, the One Step Incontinence System (OSIS) in the NH setting. While the ultimate purpose of OSIS is to encourage more consistent skin cleansing and thus reduce perineal dermatitis and risk of pressure ulcers, this study reports an initial feasibility test of OSIS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled trial at two NH sites, with one ward at each site assigned to intervention with OSIS and one ward at each site assigned to a control condition with a box of wipes placed at the bedside (BW).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two NHs (one community and one Veterans Administration) in the Los Angeles area.
  
  
  METHODS
  24 incontinent NH residents and 61 CNAs.
  
  
  METHODS
  OSIS integrates an adult brief and two cleansing/protective wipes into a single item by way of a waterproof pouch that is removed at the time of incontinence care. The OSIS briefs were placed on the intervention wards in the same location(s) and adjacent to regular adult briefs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Structured observations of incontinence care episodes were performed by trained research staff at baseline on all wards, and at follow-up with either the intervention (OSIS) or control condition (BW) in place. Observations included resident location, thoroughness and duration of incontinence care, and materials used. In addition, CNAs' opinions of their preferred incontinence care materials and their experience using OSIS were obtained by self-administered survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Use of OSIS resulted in significantly greater frequency of use of cleansing wipes (97% of episodes) compared to the baseline (77% of episodes) and BW conditions (41% of episodes). In 59% of the observed episodes in the BW condition, the box of wipes was actually missing from the bedside, or completely absent from the patient's room and had to be replaced. The two wipes that were incorporated with OSIS were used for perineal skin cleansing immediately when providing incontinence care. There was a significant reduction in the percentage use of and number of cloth towels used during incontinence care with OSIS (53% of episodes, 0.8 towels) compared to baseline (67%, 1.1 towels) and BW conditions (82%, 1.2 towels; p=.002 and p=.012, respectively). CNAs were significantly less often interrupted by the need to find supplies during OSIS condition (13%) compared to baseline (23%) and BW (36%; p= .005). There were no significant differences between conditions in the thoroughness of observed cleansing. The average observed time for incontinence care from putting on gloves to fastening the clean adult brief (T1) and between uncovering the resident to fastening a clean adult brief (T2) decreased significantly within both groups (OSIS and BW) at follow-up (all p-values <.05), but there were no significant differences in T1 and T2 between groups at follow-up. CNAs were more likely to report that they felt that OSIS facilitated skin cleansing compared to the BW.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We successfully implemented a trial of an innovative adult brief that encouraged skin cleansing during incontinence care. The system was easily and effectively incorporated into the nursing home, was used by CNAs whenever available (97% of the time), and was favored by CNAs. Patterns of incontinence care differed at follow-up with OSIS compared to BW, with fewer linens used, fewer wipes used, and less CNA interruption during care, which may result in greater privacy and comfort for residents.
authors.affiliation: Statistics Plus, Inc, Torrance, CA 90505, USA. nahla@statistics-plus.com
authors.forename: Nahla R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Al-Samarrai
authors.forename: Gwen C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Uman
authors.forename: Teeb
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Al-Samarrai
authors.forename: Cathy A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Alessi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003872:Dermatitis / Q000517:prevention & control; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000451:nursing*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015141:Los Angeles; D008297:Male; D009735:Nursing Homes; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000517:prevention & control; D017592:Skin Care / Q000379:methods*; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000451:nursing*