title: Two-staged decompression for thoracic paraparesis due to the combined ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and the ligamentum flavum: a case report.
abstract: METHODS
  A case report of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) combined with ossification of the ligamentum flavum, or yellow ligament (OYL), in the upper thoracic spine.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe a rare clinical entity and its management pitfalls in a patient with upper thoracic myelopathy due to combined OPLL and OYL.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 52-year-old woman developed paresthesia and paraparesis of both legs. One month prior to admission she fell and became unable to walk. She was diagnosed as having upper thoracic myelopathy due to combined OPLL and OYL and was treated by two-stage anterior and posterior spinal decompression. Posterior decompression was achieved first by laminoplasty at C3-Th1 and laminectomy of Th2 and Th3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After posterior decompression, her symptoms immediately and dramatically improved. However, symptoms recurred after she was able to achieve a sitting or standing position. We then performed anterior decompression at Th2, which again improved her symptoms. At two years post-surgery, she is ambulatory with the use of a cane.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Upper thoracic myelopathy due to OPLL and OYL was treated by combined 2-staged anterior and posterior decompression. In this case, posterior decompression alone was inadequate to relieve the symptoms of this pathological condition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University School of Medicine, 1-1Yanagido, Gifu City, Gifu-Prefecture 501-1194, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hioki
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hosoe
authors.forename: Katsuji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimizu
mesh_terms: D019299:Decompression, Surgical / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017843:Ligamentum Flavum / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017887:Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament / Q000150:complications*; D009999:Ossification, Heterotopic / Q000150:complications*; D020335:Paraparesis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae; D013909:Thorax