title: An evaluation of the feasibility, validity, and reliability of laparoscopic skills assessment in the operating room.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the use of a synchronized video-based motion tracking device for objective, instant, and automated assessment of laparoscopic skill in the operating room.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The assessment of technical skills is fundamental to recognition of proficient surgical practice. It is necessary to demonstrate the validity, reliability, and feasibility of any tool to be applied for objective measurement of performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen subjects, divided into 13 experienced (performed >100 laparoscopic cholecystectomies) and 6 inexperienced (performed <10 LCs) surgeons completed LCs on 53 patients who all had a diagnosis of biliary colic. Each procedure was recorded with the ROVIMAS video-based motion tracking device to provide an objective measure of the surgeon's dexterity. Each video was also rated by 2 experienced observers on a previously validated operative assessment scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences for motion tracking parameters between the 2 groups of surgeons for the Calot triangle dissection part of procedure for time taken (P = 0.002), total path length (P = 0.026), and number of movements (P = 0.005). Both motion tracking and video-based assessment displayed intertest reliability, and there were good correlations between the 2 modes of assessment (r = 0.4 to 0.7, P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An instant, objective, valid, and reliable mode of assessment of laparoscopic performance in the operating room has been defined. This may serve to reduce the time taken for technical skills assessment, and subsequently lead to accurate and efficient audit and credentialing of surgeons for independent practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosurgery & Surgical Technology, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London, UK. rajesh.aggarwal@imperial.ac.uk
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.forename: Teodor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grantcharov
authors.forename: Krishna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moorthy
authors.forename: Thor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Milland
authors.forename: Pavlos
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Papasavas
authors.forename: Aristotelis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dosis
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bello
authors.forename: Ara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Darzi
mesh_terms: D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000592:standards*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D009873:Operating Rooms; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013996:Time and Motion Studies; D014741:Video Recording