title: Randomized trial of weight-loss-diets for young adults varying in fish and fish oil content.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of including seafood and fish oils, as part of an energy-restricted diet, on weight loss in young overweight adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial of energy-restricted diet varying in fish and fish oil content was followed for 8 weeks. Subjects were randomized to one of four groups: (1) control (sunflower oil capsules, no seafood); (2) lean fish (3 x 150 g portions of cod/week); (3) fatty fish (3 x 150 g portions of salmon/week); (4) fish oil (DHA/EPA capsules, no seafood). The macronutrient composition of the diets was similar between the groups and the capsule groups, were single-blinded.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 324 men and women aged 20-40 years, BMI 27.5-32.5 kg/m(2) from Iceland, Spain and Ireland.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anthropometric data were collected at baseline, midpoint and endpoint. Confounding factors were accounted for, with linear models, for repeated measures with two-way interactions. The most important interactions for weight loss were (diet x energy intake), (gender x diet) and (gender x initial-weight).
  
  
  RESULTS
  An average man in the study (95 kg at baseline receiving 1600 kcal/day) was estimated to lose 3.55 kg (95% CI, 3.14-3.97) (1); 4.35 kg (95% CI, 3.94-4.75) (2); 4.50 kg (95% CI, 4.13-4.87) (3) and 4.96 kg (95% CI, 4.53-5.40) on diet (4) in 4 weeks, from baseline to midpoint. The weight-loss from midpoint to endpoint was 0.45 (0.41-0.49) times the observed weight loss from baseline to midpoint. The diets did not differ in their effect on weight loss in women. Changes in measures of body composition were in line with changes in body weight.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In young, overweight men, the inclusion of either lean or fatty fish, or fish oil as part of an energy-restricted diet resulted in approximately 1 kg more weight loss after 4 weeks, than did a similar diet without seafood or supplement of marine origin. The addition of seafood to a nutritionally balanced energy-restricted diet may boost weight loss.
authors.affiliation: Unit for Nutrition Research, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Landspitali University Hospital, University of Iceland, Eiriksgata-29, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland. ingathor@landspitali.is
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Thorsdottir
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tomasson
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gunnarsdottir
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gisladottir
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kiely
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Parra
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Bandarra
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schaafsma
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martinéz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D005396:Fish Products; D005399:Fishes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D000074242:Sunflower Oil; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D005395:Fish Oils; D010938:Plant Oils; D000074242:Sunflower Oil