title: Association of metabolic syndrome with microalbuminuria in non-hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies have shown that metabolic syndrome contributed to the development of incident chronic kidney disease in the general population. We evaluated the cross-sectional association between metabolic syndrome and microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes. We excluded patients with hypertension to distinguish the effects of metabolic syndrome from those of hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 642 non-hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited. Metabolic syndrome was assessed according to the NCEP Guidelines and Asian-Pacific criteria for abdominal obesity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among all patients, 37.2% were diagnosed as having metabolic syndrome, and these patients had a higher prevalence of microalbuminuria than those without metabolic syndrome (19.7 vs. 13.6%, p = 0.044). There was a graded association between metabolic score and the prevalence of microalbuminuria (p = 0.006 for trend). After adjustment for sex, age, smoking status, C-reactive protein, and HbA(1c), patients with metabolic syndrome had increased odds of 1.58 (95% CI 1.01-2.47) for microalbuminuria. An increment in metabolic score was found to increase the risk of microalbuminuria by 1.34-fold (95% CI 1.07-1.66, p = 0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that metabolic syndrome was associated with an increased risk of microalbuminuria in non-hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Wooseong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.forename: Hee Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: Yoon-Goo
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dae Joong
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Moon-Kyu
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ha Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D007723:Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence