title: Laparoscopic ventral rectopexy, posterior colporrhaphy and vaginal sacrocolpopexy for the treatment of recto-genital prolapse and mechanical outlet obstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Whilst trans-abdominal fixation +/- resection offers better functional results and lower recurrence than perineal procedures, mesh rectopexy is complicated by constipation. Laparoscopic autonomic nerve-sparing, ventral rectopexy allows correction of the underlying abnormalities of the rectum, vagina, bladder and pelvic floor.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective database was used to audit our 7-year experience of this technique. The recto-vaginal septum was mobilized anteriorly to the pelvic floor avoiding nerve damage. A prolene mesh was sutured to the ventral rectum, posterior vagina and vaginal fornix and secured to the sacral promontory. Patients were assessed with questionnaires and Cleveland Clinic scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty patients, six males, median age 59 years (range 31-90) underwent laparoscopic prolapse surgery between Jan 1997 and Dec 2005; 55% had full thickness prolapse and 46% rectal anal intussusception. Five had a solitary rectal ulcer. A total of 58% had undergone previous surgery; hysterectomy 33%, posterior colporrhaphy 15%, posterior rectopexy 6%, Delorme's rectal mucosectomy 5% and Birch colposuspension 3%. Half (54%) were incontinent (mean Wexner score 11, range 2-17) and 31% reported symptoms of obstructed defecation; seven had slow transit constipation and underwent resection. The median operative time was 125 min (range 50-210) with one conversion. Median time to diet was 12 h and median length of stay 3 days (1-12). No patient has developed recurrent full thickness prolapse at a median follow-up of 54 months (30-96). Incontinence improved in 39 of 43 patients (91%); median post-operative Wexner score 1 (0-9). Obstructed defecation resolved in 20 of 25 patients (80%). Pelvic pain resolved in all but one. Complications occurred in 21%; faecal impaction 4%, wound infection 2%, bleeding 2%, leak 1%, chest infection 1%, retention 1%. Three developed minor evacuatory difficulties and two, urinary stress incontinence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic ventral rectopexy is safe with relatively low morbidity. In the medium-term, it provides good results for prolapse and associated symptoms of incontinence and obstructed defecation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, North Bristol NHS Trust, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Slawik
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Soulsby
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Dixon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003248:Constipation / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012005:Rectal Prolapse / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D012007:Rectum / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014621:Vagina / Q000601:surgery