title: Differences in binding of (99m)Tc-disintegrins to integrin alphavbeta3 on tumor and vascular cells.
abstract: Disintegrins, which contain an Arg-Gly-Asp sequence in their binding domains are antagonists of integrins such as alphavbeta3. The purpose of this study was to compare a range of disintegrins with different integrin selectivities for their binding behavior in vitro to vascular endothelial cells bearing alphavbeta3 and to cultured tumor cells which express alphavbeta3.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five disintegrins (bitistatin, kistrin, flavoridin, VLO4 and echistatin) and a cyclic pentapeptide, c[RGDyK], were radiolabeled with (99m)Tc and tested for binding to cells in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (99m)Tc-Kistrin, flavoridin and VLO4 had the highest binding, (99m)Tc-echistatin had moderate binding, and (99m)Tc-bitistatin and (99m)Tc-c[RGDyK] had low binding to cells. The observed binding was attributed to alphavbeta3 to various extents: echistatin, bitistatin>kistrin>flavoridin>VLO4. Cancer cells internalized bound disintegrins after binding, but endothelial cells did not. After binding to endothelial cells, (99m)Tc-kistrin was not displaced by competing peptide or plasma proteins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that radiolabeled kistrin, flavoridin and VLO4 may have advantages over labeled bitistatin and small cyclic peptides for targeting alphavbeta3 in vivo. Since receptor-bound radioligand is not internalized by endothelial cells, disintegrins may provide an advantage for targeting alphavbeta3 on vasculature because they bind strongly to surface receptors and are not readily displaced.
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA. lknight@temple.edu
authors.forename: Linda C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: Jan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Cosenza
authors.forename: Nabisa M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.forename: Cezary
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marcinkiewicz
mesh_terms: D001667:Binding, Competitive / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019483:Disintegrins / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D039302:Integrin alphaVbeta3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007553:Isotope Labeling; D008024:Ligands; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011869:Radioligand Assay; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019483:Disintegrins; D039302:Integrin alphaVbeta3; D008024:Ligands; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface