Merging mouse transcriptome analyses with Parkinson's disease linkage studies.
The hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD OMIM #168600) is the degeneration of the nigral dopaminergic system affecting approximately 1% of the human population older than 65. In pursuit of genetic factors contributing to PD, linkage and association studies identified several susceptibility genes. The majority of these genes are expressed by the dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra. We, therefore, propose expression by these neurons as a selection criterion, to narrow down, in a rational manner, the number of candidate genes in orphan PD loci, where no mutation has been associated thus far. We determined the corresponding human chromosome locations of 1435 murine cDNA fragments obtained from murine expression analyses of nigral dopaminergic neurons and combined these data with human linkage studies. These fragments represent 19 genes within orphan OMIM PD loci. We used the same approach for independent association studies and determined the genes in neighborhood to the peaks with the highest LOD score value. Our approach did not make any assumptions about disease mechanisms, but it, nevertheless, revealed alpha-synuclein, NR4A2 (Nurr1), and the tau genes, which had previously been associated to PD. Furthermore, our transcriptome analysis identified several classes of candidate genes for PD mutations and may also provide insight into the molecular pathways active in nigral dopaminergic neurons.
Gherbassi
Daniel
D
Department of Neuroanatomy, Interdisciplinary Center for Neuroscience, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 307, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Bhatt
Lavinia
L
Thuret
Sandrine
S
Simon
Horst H
HH
D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D015894:Genome, Human; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D057126:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D013045:Species Specificity; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D051844:alpha-Synuclein / Q000235:genetics; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000235:genetics
D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C054369:MAPT protein, human; C539882:NR4A2 protein, human; C539883:Nr4a2 protein, mouse; D057126:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051844:alpha-Synuclein; D016875:tau Proteins