title: Racial differences in hospital discharge disposition among stroke patients in Maryland.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this retrospective study was to assess the evidence for racial differences in discharge disposition among patients hospitalized for stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital discharge data from the Maryland Health Services Cost Review Commission were used in the analysis. The data covered the period from January 2000 to September 2003.
  
  
  METHODS
  Discharge-disposition categories were ordered such that higher numbers corresponded to less desirable outcomes: 1 = discharge to home; 2 = discharge to any medical care facility; 3 = death. We analyzed the influence of black race on the discharge disposition by estimating a partial proportional odds logit regression model that included demographic and clinical covariates.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study inclusion criteria were 1) stroke (ICD9 431-434; 436-438) as a primary admission diagnosis and 2) patient race identified as black or white. Patients discharged against medical advice were excluded. The sample contained 51,564 stroke hospitalizations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on the relative odds ratios (OR; 95% confidence interval [CI]), black males were more likely to be discharged to higher ranked (i.e., less desirable) discharge categories (OR = 1.66; CI 1.55-1.77) compared to white males. Black females were more likely to die (OR = 1.14; CI 1.02-1.28) and more likely either to die or to be discharged to medical care (OR = 1.38; CI 1.24-1.54) compared to white males.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Blacks are at greater mortality risk following stroke hospitalizations and face less desirable discharge dispositions if they survive. These results are consistent with prior reports of lower survival rates among blacks and are robust to adjustments for various confounding factors.
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. eonukwug@rx.umaryland.edu
authors.forename: Ebere
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Onukwugha
authors.forename: C Daniel
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Mullins
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008396:Maryland; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010351:Patient Discharge; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020521:Stroke; D044465:White People