title: Cognitive impairment in Aboriginal people with heavy episodic patterns of alcohol use.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  With chronic alcohol abuse, cognitive studies suggest that progressive cognitive decline may precede more serious and irreversible neurological syndromes. The early detection of cognitive impairment may therefore aid in the prevention of permanent brain damage. Despite the devastating consequences of alcohol abuse among Aboriginal Australians, the effects on brain function have never been studied in this population and a lack of appropriate assessment tools has prevented the development of such research.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the impact of long-term and heavy episodic alcohol use on cognitive function in Aboriginal people.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional comparing heavy episodic alcohol users with non-alcohol users.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two remote Aboriginal communities in north-east Arnhem Land, northern Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The control group consisted of 24 non-drinkers (15 males, nine female) and the heavy episodic group consisted of 20 people (19 males, one female) who had been drinking alcohol in a heavy episodic style (median 14 drinks per occasion) for a mean of 8.9 years (SD = 5.0).
  
  
  METHODS
  Interview to obtain demographic information, substance abuse history and symptoms of mental health and wellbeing, together with a computerized cognitive assessment battery (CogState Ltd).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with non-drinkers, heavy episodic drinkers showed reduced psychomotor speed (P = 0.04) and reduced accuracy when performing tasks of attention (P = 0.045), working memory (P = 0.04), implicit memory (P = 0.03) and associate learning and memory (P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Specific cognitive abnormalities that suggest frontostriatal abnormalities and have been observed in association with chronic alcoholism in other populations were observed among Aboriginal Australians who were heavy episodic alcoholic users.
authors.affiliation: Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, NT, Australia. sheree.cairney@menzies.edu.au
authors.forename: Sheree
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cairney
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Clough
authors.forename: Muriel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jaragba
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maruff
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000523:psychology*; D020268:Alcohol-Induced Disorders, Nervous System / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011596:Psychomotor Disorders / Q000209:etiology*