title: Clinicopathologic correlation in PGRN mutations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) has been linked to the microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT) gene region of chromosome 17. However, many chromosome-17 linked FTLDs do not have MAPT mutations or tau protein deposits, but have ubiquitin positive, tau and alpha-synuclein negative inclusions. Mutations in the progranulin (PGRN) gene, located 1.7 Mb from MAPT at 17q21.31, were recently discovered in some of these individuals. The pathologic phenotype in all cases has thus far included ubiquitinated neuronal intranuclear inclusions (NIIs) and neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCIs).
  
  
  METHODS
  PGRN mutation analysis was performed in 12 individuals. Informed consent was obtained from next of kin under an IRB-approved protocol. We compared clinical and pathologic findings in those cases with and without PGRN mutations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PGRN mutations were found in four patients, two with clinical FTD and a positive family history, and two with clinical primary progressive aphasia (PPA), one with and one without a family history. All four cases with, and five of eight cases without, PGRN mutations had ubiquitinated NCIs and NIIs. Brains of individuals with PGRN mutations are associated with more frequent frontal NCIs and dystrophic neurites, less frequent dentate gyrus NCIs, and more frequent striatal NIIs than FTLD-U cases without PGRN mutations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PGRN mutations at 17q21 may occur in apparently sporadic frontotemporal lobar dementia with ubiquitinated inclusions cases and in cases presenting with either primary progressive aphasia or the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia. Some cases without PGRN mutations also have ubiquitinated neuronal intranuclear inclusions. Clinicopathologic differences are observed among individuals with and without PGRN mutations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Davion
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weintraub
authors.forename: M-M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mesulam
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Engberg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Adamson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hutton
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rademakers
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Bigio
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002886:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 / Q000235:genetics; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D003704:Dementia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005820:Genetic Testing; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D045586:Intranuclear Inclusion Bodies / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D016501:Neurites / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000077153:Progranulins; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C492314:GRN protein, human; D005819:Genetic Markers; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D000077153:Progranulins; D025801:Ubiquitin