title: Pain affects health-related quality of life in kidney transplant recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic pain is prevalent in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. We do not fully know the intensity of chronic pain experienced by kidney recipients in comparison to those on chronic hemodialysis and healthy controls. Moreover, the effect of chronic pain on kidney recipients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is yet to be comprehensively addressed. We designed this study to find an answer to these questions.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this case control study, we studied 205 kidney recipients, 69 hemodialysis patients, and 100 healthy controls, who were matched for age, sex, monthly family income, and educational level. The patients were evaluated for the intensity of chronic pain by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). HRQoL was measured with Short Form 36 (SF-36) in the kidney recipients. Chronic pain intensity was compared in the study groups, and in the kidney recipients the correlation between SF-36 subscores and severity of pain was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Severity of pain in the kidney recipients was lower than the hemodialysis patients, but more than the healthy controls (P=.001). The VAS pain score negatively correlated with the scores of SF- 36 total (r=-.329, P=01), mental health (r=-.190, P=07), physical health (r=-.275, P=.001), physical function (r=-.339, P=.001), role limitation due to physical problems (r=-.478, P=.001), role limitation due to emotional problems (r=-.326, P=.001), and bodily pain (r=-.894, P=.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intensity of chronic pain experienced by the kidney recipients is less than that experienced by patients under chronic hemodialysis, but higher than healthy subjects. Focusing on chronic pain as a cause of post-renal transplantation morbidity is expected to improve post-renal transplantation quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology/Urology Research Center (NURC), Baqiyatallah Medical Sciences University, Tehran, Iran. noorbalam@gmail.com
authors.forename: M-H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Nourbala
authors.forename: M-T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Hollisaaz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nasiri
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bahaeloo-Horeh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Najafi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Araghizadeh
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rezaie
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011788:Quality of Life; D012016:Reference Values; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012919:Social Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires