title: An observation tool to study air traffic control and flightdeck collaboration.
abstract: The complex systems of the flightdeck (FD) and the Air Traffic Control Centre (ATC) are characterised by numerous concurrently operating and interacting communication channels between people and between people and machines/computer systems. This paper describes work in support of investigating the impact of changes to technologies and responsibilities within this system with respect to human factors. It focuses primarily on the introduction of datalink (text-based communication rather than traditional radio communication) and the move towards freeflight (pilot-mediated air traffic control). Air traffic management investigations have outlined these specific changes as strategies to enable further increases in the volume of air traffic. A systems approach was taken and field studies were conducted. Small numbers of domain experts such as air traffic controllers (ATCOs) were involved in the field-based observations of how people interact with systems and each other. This paper summarises the overall research approach taken and then specifically reports on the field-based observations including the justification, development, and findings of the observation tool used. The observation tool examined information propagation through the air traffic control-flightdeck (ATC-FD) system, and resulted in models of possible information trajectories through the system.
authors.affiliation: Human Factors Research Group, School of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharples
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stedmon
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000060:Accidents, Aviation / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001359:Aviation / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D006804:Ergonomics; D006801:Humans; D006113:United Kingdom