title: Prediction of chronic hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma by SELDI-based serum decision tree classification.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To screen potential serological biomarkers and develop decision tree classifications of chronic hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), respectively, with high prediction score for improving diagnosis of liver diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  The total serum samples were randomly divided into three training sets (41 HBV and 35 health; 36 LC and 35 health; 39 HCC and 35 health) and three testing groups (34 HBV and 38 health; 18 LC and 52 health; 42 HCC and 47 health). Selected WCX2 protein chip capture followed by SELDI-TOF-MS analysis was applied to generate the serum protein profiles. Subsequently serum protein spectra were normalized and aligned by Ciphergen SELDI Software 3.1.1 with Biomarker Wizard including baseline subtraction, mass accuracy calibration, automatic peak detection. Once the intensities of selected significant peaks from the training data set were transferred to further BPS analysis, an optimized classification tree with sequence-decision was established to divide training data set into disease group and control group successfully. A double blind test was employed to determine the clinical sensitivity and clinical specificity of three models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After comparative analysis of SELDI based serum protein profile between the cases of disease and healthy, a HCC decision tree classification with sensitivity of 94.872% and specificity of 94.286%; a LC decision tree classification with sensitivity of 91.667% and specificity of 94.286% and a HBV decision tree classification with sensitivity of 95.122% and specificity of 94.286% were produced by BPS respectively. When three decision tree models were challenged by the double-blind test samples, clinical sensitivity and clinical specificity of these models were predicted in diagnosis of three liver diseases (HCC: 90.48 and 89.36%; cirrhosis: 100 and 86.5%; HBV: 85.29 and 84.21%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SELDI-based decision tree classifications showed great advantages over conventional serological biomarkers in the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis B, LC as well as HCC.
authors.affiliation: Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
authors.forename: Jiefeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Xiaonan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Haijun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ruixia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhaoyou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Toshimasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uemura
authors.forename: Yinkun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000097:blood*; D003663:Decision Trees; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000097:blood*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood*; D010449:Peptide Mapping; D040901:Proteomics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D001798:Blood Proteins