title: Smoking-cessation counseling practices of college/university health-care providers--a theory-based approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The author's purpose in this study was to examine the relation between smoking cessation counseling self-efficacy, knowledge of smoking cessation counseling, motivation to counsel smokers, and barriers to performing smoking cessation counseling, relative to the smoking cessation counseling stage of change.
  
  
  METHODS
  Members of The American College Health Association, who are health-care providers (N=296), completed a survey measuring the predictor variables of knowledge, motivation, self-efficacy and perceived barriers, and the members' readiness for conducting smoking-cessation counseling with students.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority reported that they were knowledgeable about smoking-cessation counseling practices, they were motivated to conduct counseling, and they had the confidence (self-efficacy) to perform smoking-cessation counseling effectively. Significant barriers to performing smoking cessation counseling included the lack of reimbursement for counseling, lack of training in smoking-cessation counseling, and lack of resources for follow-up. The author found a moderate negative correlation between self-efficacy for smoking-cessation counseling and barriers to performing smoking-cessation counseling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that researchers should address the barriers that prevent health-care providers from performing smoking-cessation counseling. Interventions on increasing healthcare providers' counseling self-efficacy may be instrumental in moving them further along the stage continuum and increase their readiness to perform smoking cessation counseling.
authors.affiliation: University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey's School of Nursing, Newark, NJ 07101, USA. kamafrn@aol.com
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Fagan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003376:Counseling; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D007349:Insurance, Health, Reimbursement; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011361:Professional Competence; D020377:Self Efficacy; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D013333:Student Health Services / Q000592:standards*; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D014481:United States