title: Increased circulating endothelial progenitor cells in septic patients: correlation with survival.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endothelial damage and detachment of endothelial cells are known to occur in septic patients. Thus, recruitment of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (cEPCs) to these lesions might have a beneficial effect on the clinical course in septic patients. Therefore, we were interested in whether EPCs, detected by flow cytometry, are increasingly mobilized during sepsis and if this mobilization is associated with clinical outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, nonrandomized study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intensive care unit of a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with (n = 32) and without (n = 15) sepsis and healthy volunteers (n = 15).
  
  
  METHODS
  Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation, and cEPCs were characterized by three-color fluorescence flow cytometry using antibodies against CD133, CD34, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2. Serum concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, and erythropoietin were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Severity of sepsis was assessed according to Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scoring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In septic patients, the number of cEPCs was significantly higher than in nonseptic intensive care unit patients (p < .05) and healthy controls (p < .02). Nonsurvivors (n = 8), defined as death within 28 days after onset of sepsis, had significantly lower numbers of cEPCs than survivors (n = 24) (p < .0001). The number of cEPCs was correlated with survival in septic patients. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations were significantly higher in septic patients compared with nonseptic intensive care unit patients and healthy controls (p < .01) and correlated with the cEPC numbers (p < .0001). Similar findings were observed for granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and erythropoietin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that cEPC enumeration in peripheral blood of septic patients might be a valuable marker to assess the clinical outcome in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Neysan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rafat
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hanusch
authors.forename: Paul T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Brinkkoetter
authors.forename: Jutta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schulte
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brade
authors.forename: Jan G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Zijlstra
authors.forename: Fokko J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: van der Woude
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: van Ackern
authors.forename: Benito A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Yard
authors.forename: Grietje Ch
authors.initials: GCh
authors.lastname: Beck
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000097:blood; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012372:ROC Curve; D018805:Sepsis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015854:Up-Regulation; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D004921:Erythropoietin; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor