title: Negotiating sleep: a qualitative study of new mothers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this qualitative study was to learn from 20 mothers about their experience of sleep during pregnancy and the immediate months of becoming a new mother. The study was part of a larger randomized clinical trial on an intervention to improve sleep and well-being among new mothers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semistructured, audiotaped interviews were conducted in which women were asked to describe the continuum of the sleep experience across the pregnancy and early postpartum and to describe strategies they found helpful as they established sleep patterns with their infant. Narrative analysis was used to interpret their stories, and data were managed with Atlas.ti qualitative software.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sleep disturbances were common to all of the mothers, and sleep became a negotiated behavior as they adjusted to the mothering role. All of the mothers were surprised at the level of disturbance and exhaustion they experienced. Strategies included enlistment of partners to facilitate naps, development of a "sleep consciousness," and bed-sharing. Mercer's stages of becoming a mother are used to describe the process of incorporating sleep changes into their lives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Health Care Nursing, University of California, San Francisco CA 94143, USA. holly.kennedy@nursing.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Holly Powell
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: Annelise
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gardiner
authors.forename: Caryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gay
authors.forename: Kathryn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D005220:Fathers / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006379:Helping Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007224:Infant Care; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D017008:Negotiating / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D024802:Nurse's Role; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D011644:Puerperal Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D012649:Self Concept; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D012944:Social Support