title: Ethnic variation in childhood asthma and wheezing illnesses: findings from the Millennium Cohort Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is not clear how respiratory morbidity during early childhood varies across ethnic groups in the UK. This article seeks to determine whether asthma and wheeze illnesses during early childhood differ across ethnic groups and what factors explain observed differences.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study on 14,630 children were analyzed from the second sweep of interviews. Parental interviews were conducted when the cohort member was aged approximately 3(1/2) years. Data collected included the occurrence of asthma and wheezing symptoms, biological and socio-economic factors and markers of cultural tradition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At age 3, 12.3% (n = 1,902) of children had ever had asthma and 20.0% (n = 3,030) had wheezed in the last 12 months. 18.2% of Black Caribbean children and 5.0% of Bangladeshi children reported ever asthma compared with 11.6% of White children. 25.5% of Black Caribbean children and 8.7% of Bangladeshi reported recent wheeze compared with 19.4% of White children. After adjustments, the disadvantage in asthma and recent wheeze for Black Caribbeans was mostly explained by socio-economic factors (adjusted odds ratios (OR) for asthma 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96-2.09; recent wheeze 1.18, 0.85-1.64). The Bangladeshi advantage lost statistical significance, mostly due to adjustment for markers of cultural tradition (adjusted OR for asthma 0.40, 95% CI 0.15-1.09; recent wheeze 0.44, 0.18-1.19).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results point to the need to locate child health within the unique context of each ethnic group and to recognize that potential explanations for observed differences do not necessarily hold for all groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Lidia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Panico
authors.forename: Mel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bartley
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marmot
authors.forename: James Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Nazroo
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sacker
authors.forename: Yvonne J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kelly
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001249:Asthma / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000208:ethnology; D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017691:Caribbean Region / Q000208:ethnology; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D011203:Poverty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000209:etiology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data