title: [Hepatitis A outbreak in Transdanubia (Hungary): molecular connections and epidemiological conclusions - 2006].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is one of the most important cause of fecally transmitted acute infectious hepatitis worldwide. In Hungary, beside the sporadic HAV infections, outbreaks also occur, particularly in Northeast part of the country where the subgenotype IA is endemic. The reported number of HAV cases was less than 10 per year in Southwest Hungary.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  A part of the European HAV surveillance, the author's aims were to follow and to analyze the outbreak of hepatitis A in Transdanubia (Southwest Hungary) in 2006 by molecular epidemiological methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sera samples from symptomatic patients were tested prospectively by enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed by sequence- and phylogenetic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between June and December 2006, a total of 115 serum samples were positive for HAV IgM antibody in Southwest Hungary. Thirty (76.9%) of the 39 samples were RT-PCR-positive and contain genetically identical subgenotype IB hepatitis A virus (HAV/Transdanubia/2006/HUN) which has 100% nucleotide identity to strain IT-MAR-02 from Italy in 2002. Until now, approximately 1200-1300 persons have been infected with the probably imported strain. The average age of patients was 18 years (years 1 to 80). In this study, detailed clinical and epidemiological data of the outbreak are presented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Only a prospective molecular epidemiological study could verify the connection between the first sporadic HAV cases in June, the outbreak in August and the endemic spread of the virus since September in Southwest Hungary. This epidemic calls attention to how a hepatitis A outbreak can develop anywhere and at any time in Hungary and to the importance of active HAV immunization in the primary prevention.
authors.affiliation: Allami Népegészségügyi és Tisztiorvosi Szolgálat Baranya Megyei Intézete Regionális Virológiai Laboratórium Pécs. rueterg@baranya.antsz.hu
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reuter
authors.forename: Péter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pankovics
authors.forename: Dénes
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stefler
authors.forename: Móricz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Löveyné Dr
authors.forename: Edit
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Varga
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.forename: Mária
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szucs
authors.forename: Zsuzsanna
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fekete
authors.forename: György
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Szucs
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D006506:Hepatitis A / Q000453:epidemiology*; D030041:Hepatitis A virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D006814:Hungary / Q000453:epidemiology; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D007075:Immunoglobulin M