title: Anchorage value of surgical titanium screws in orthodontic tooth movement.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical stability and anchorage value of titanium screws in orthodontic tooth movement. Nine patients, who needed maximum anchorage for canine retraction, were selected. Records of 10 patients with similar malocclusions who had received conventional treatment were used as controls. In the maxilla and mandible 27 mini-screws, diameter 2mm and length 9 or 11 mm, were used. At the end of the first stage of orthodontic treatment the first premolar teeth were extracted after taking a lateral cephalometric radiograph. After 1 week, a retraction force of 180 g was applied to the canines. The second cephalometric X-rays were taken and evaluated after the completion of canine retraction (mean duration of 23.2 weeks). Results were analysed using Fisher Exact, Wilcoxon signed ranks and paired t-tests. Displacement of the first molars and screws before and after treatment showed no significant changes in either the vertical or horizontal plane. The first molar movements in the study and control groups were only significant in the antero-posterior plane in both maxilla and mandible. Of the 9 screws in maxilla and 18 screws in mandible, 2 and 3 screws showed clinical failure, respectively. The failed screws were replaced by other screws that withstood the applied force until the end of treatment. In conclusion, titanium screws can be used reliably as a form of anchorage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. hedayatz@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hedayati
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hashemi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zamiri
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Fattahi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000601:surgery; D001863:Bone Screws; D002508:Cephalometry; D003481:Cuspid / Q000473:pathology; D003722:Dental Alloys; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000628:therapy; D008311:Malocclusion, Angle Class I / Q000628:therapy; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery; D009532:Nickel; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012690:Serial Extraction; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; C040654:titanium nickelide; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium