title: Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy and dynamic sentinel node biopsy for staging penile cancer: results with pathological correlation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the sensitivity of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy and dynamic sentinel node biopsy for staging the inguinal region of patients with penile cancer and no palpable inguinal adenopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of 31 patients with invasive penile cancer and nonpalpable (29) or nonsuspicious (2) inguinal lymph nodes were reviewed. Preoperatively lymphoscintigraphy plus dynamic sentinel node biopsy with (99m)technetium labeled sulfur colloid and isosulfan blue dye was performed in 21 patients and dynamic sentinel node biopsy alone with blue dye only was done in 10. All patients underwent superficial lymph node dissection regardless of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy or dynamic sentinel node biopsy findings to establish pathological nodal status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six of 32 groins that showed drainage on preoperative lymphoscintigraphy had inguinal node metastasis, as did 1 of 10 that was drainage negative. The sensitivity of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy drainage for cancer detection was 86%. Using dynamic sentinel node biopsy with blue dye plus radiotracer 5 sentinel lymph nodes were positive for cancer, although 2 false-negative results were obtained. Thus, the sensitivity of dynamic sentinel node biopsy per groin for cancer detection was 71%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our experience preoperative lymphoscintigraphy and dynamic sentinel node biopsy as currently performed remain insufficient for detecting occult inguinal disease. Superficial lymph node dissection remains the gold standard for detecting inguinal microscopic metastasis in select patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Philippe E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Spiess
authors.forename: Jonathan I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Izawa
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bassett
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kedar
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Busby
authors.forename: Franklin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eddings
authors.forename: Pheroze
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tamboli
authors.forename: Curtis A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pettaway
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D004396:Coloring Agents; D006801:Humans; D007264:Inguinal Canal; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy; D013671:Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; C025484:iso-sulfan blue; D013671:Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid