title: Effects of N-3 PUFAs supplementation on insulin resistance and inflammatory biomarkers in hemodialysis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It was suggested that polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) could improve insulin sensitivity and have an anti-inflammatory effects in overall population. This study investigates a possible effect of n-3 PUFAs supplementation on the insulin sensitivity and some inflammatory markers; hence, patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) are presented with insulin resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study explored the ratio between red blood cells (RBC) phospholipid long chain fatty acids (LC FAs) and components of metabolic syndrome (MeS) in 35 patients (mean age 54.50 +/- 11.99 years) with CRF on MHD. Furthermore, the effects of omega-3 FA eight-week's supplementation (EPA+DHA, 2.4 g/d) on the MeS features and inflammatory markers TNF-alpha, IL 6, and hsCRP were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Supplementation increased EPA and DHA levels in RBCs (p = 0.009 for EPA and p = 0.002 for DHA). Total n-6 PUFAs: n-3 PUFAs ratio tended to be lower after supplementation (p = 0.31), but not significantly. Data revealed a significant decrease of saturated FAs (SFA) (p = 0.01) as well as total SFA: n-3 PUFAs ratio during the treatment (p = 0.04). The values of serum insulin and calculated IR index-IR HOMA were reduced after supplementation (p = 0.001 for both). There was a significant decrease in the levels of all inflammatory markers (p = 0.01 for TNF alpha, p = 0.001 for IL 6, p = 0.001 for hsCRP, and p = 0.01 for ferritin). In multivariate regression analysis, only the changes in n-6 PUFAs: n-3 PUFAs ratio independently contributed to 40% of the variance in IR HOMA. The impact of changes in PUFAs level in RBCs membrane phospholipid fatty acids on inflammation markers was also registered. The changes in n-6: n-3 PUFAs ratio independently contributed to 18% of the variance in TNF alpha.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that the EPA and DHA moderate dose administration in the patients with CRF on MHD had a beneficial effect on insulin resistance decrease. The anti-inflammatory effects of the supplemented PUFAs were also presented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Zemun/Belgrade, Serbia. zoricar@eunet.ya
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rasic-Milutinovic
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perunicic
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pljesa
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gluvic
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sobajic
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Djuric
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ristic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D015022:Yugoslavia
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007328:Insulin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D005293:Ferritins