title: Exposure to pulmonary tuberculosis in a neonatal intensive care unit: unique aspects of contact investigation and management of hospitalized neonates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We describe the investigation of a tuberculosis (TB) exposure in which a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) respiratory therapist was the index patient, as well as the rationale by which exposed infants were managed and possible explanations for the lack of transmission to these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Description of an exposure investigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic, level IV NICU of a tertiary care children's hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Contacts of a respiratory therapist with pulmonary TB disease, including household members, healthcare coworkers, and infant patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In addition to 5 household contacts, 248 healthcare coworkers and 180 infant patients were identified as possibly exposed during the 24 days that the index patient worked between December 3, 2004, and January 30, 2005. Tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) were performed for 233 of the 235 contacts with the greatest degree of exposure (household and coworker contacts) who had a previously documented negative TST result or whose TST status was unknown prior to the investigation. No cases of latent tuberculosis infection or TB disease were identified. Because of characteristics of the index case, the exposure duration and setting, the infants' small lung volumes, and lack of evidence of transmission to higher-risk contacts, infants were not clinically evaluated or empirically treated for TB disease. Surveillance for subsequent illness was carried out by primary healthcare providers and parents. No TB disease or unexplained illness in these infants was reported in the 20 months following the exposure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After limited hospital exposure to a healthcare worker with pulmonary TB disease who is not highly contagious, neonates can be safely managed without specific evaluation for TB disease or empirical treatment.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. jake.nania@vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: Joseph Jacob
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Nania
authors.forename: Jena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skinner
authors.forename: Kathie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wilkerson
authors.forename: Jon V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Warkentin
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Thayer
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Swift
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schaffner
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Talbot
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016358:Contact Tracing; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission*; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000401:mortality; D017757:Infectious Disease Transmission, Professional-to-Patient / Q000032:analysis*; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis; D011859:Radiography; D012138:Respiratory Therapy; D018571:Sentinel Surveillance; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission*