title: Trends in microbial keratitis in Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify microbiologic characteristics of infectious keratitis and predisposing factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The microorganisms isolated from patients with infectious corneal ulcers during the 5 years between January 1999 and December 2003 were retrospectively examined. Herpetic and other viral infections were excluded from this study. Patient age, sex, risk factors, and isolated organisms were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 123 eyes of 122 patients, organisms were isolated from 72 (58.5%) eyes. In total, 99 different organisms were isolated. Among these, 77 (77.8%) were gram-positive bacteria; 18 (18.2%) were gram-negative bacteria; six (6.1%) were fungi; and one (1.0%) was acanthamoeba. Contact lens wear was the main risk factor (54.5%), and ocular surface disease and previous ocular surgery were present in 20.5% and 13.1% of cases, respectively. Posttreatment visual acuity was significantly improved by pretreatment in culture-positive groups treated according to the antibiotic susceptibilities (Wilcoxon t test, P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results are changing to those reported by other countries and generations. Contact lens wear is the most important risk factor in Japan. The results of isolation and culture are essential for improving the cure rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. toshida@med.juntendo.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toshida
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kogure
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murakami
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003261:Contact Lenses / Q000009:adverse effects; D003320:Corneal Ulcer / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D015817:Eye Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005658:Fungi / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014792:Visual Acuity