title: Transforming properties of TC-1 in human breast cancer: interaction with FGFR2 and beta-catenin signaling pathways.
abstract: Breast cancer development is associated with gene amplification and over expression that is believed to have a causative role in oncogenesis. Previous studies have demonstrated that over expression of TC-1(C8orf4) mRNA occurs in approximately 50% of breast cancer cell lines and primary tumor specimens. Here, we show that TC-1 has transforming properties in human mammary epithelial (HME) cells and its expression is mechanistically linked to FGFR signaling cascades. In vitro experiments demonstrate that TC-1 over expression mediates both anchorage-independent and growth factor-independent proliferation of HME cells. TC-1 was down regulated by the FGFR inhibitor PD173074 in the breast cancer cell line SUM-52 that also has an FGFR2 gene amplification and over expression. Furthermore, forced expression of FGFR2 in HME cells increased the level of expression of endogenous TC-1 mRNA. TC-1 has been implicated as a modulator of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in 293 cells and in gastric cancer cells. However, while we did find increased expression of a subset of beta-catenin target genes in TC-1 over expressing cells, we did not find an association of TC-1 with global expression of beta-catenin target genes in our cells. Taken together, our data suggest that TC-1 over expression is transforming and may link with the FGFR pathway in a subset of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Breast Cancer Program, Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. yangz@karmanos.org
authors.forename: Zeng-Quan
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Allison B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Moffa
authors.forename: Ramsi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haddad
authors.forename: Katie L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Streicher
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Ethier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005784:Gene Amplification; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D051497:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C495270:CTNNB1 protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C115711:PD 173074; D011743:Pyrimidines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C418741:TCIM protein, human; D051176:beta Catenin; C496353:FGFR2 protein, human; D051497:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2