title: Time-dependent changes in cardiac growth after kidney transplantation: the impact of pre-dialysis ventricular mass.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD), including kidney transplant recipients. However, time-related left ventricular mass changes (DeltaLVM) from pre-dialysis stage to beyond the first post-transplant year have not been clearly identified.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied a cohort of 60 stages 4-5 CKD patients without overt cardiac disease, who underwent three echocardiograms during follow-up: at pre-dialysis stage, on dialysis and after kidney transplantation (KT). Multiple linear regression was used to model DeltaLVM from baseline study. Cox proportional analysis was used to determine risk factors associated with either de novo LVH or>20% DeltaLVMI over time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with baseline LVH (n=37; 61%) had a higher body mass index (BMI) than those without LVH (n=23; 39%) (P=0.013). BMI, haemoglobin levels (P=0.047) and non-use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) (P=0.057) were associated with baseline left ventricular mass index (LVMI). Twelve out of 23 patients (52%) with normal LVM at baseline, developed either de novo LVH or>20% DeltaLVMI at follow-up. On the other hand, 29 (78%) of those with initial LVH maintained this abnormality, and 8 (22%) normalized LVM post-transplantation. Factors associated with DeltaLVMI were age (P=0.01), pre-dialysis LVMI (P<0.0001), serum creatinine (P=0.012) and the use of ACEI post-transplantation (P=0.009). In Cox analysis, pre-dialysis LVMI was associated with de novo LVH or>20% DeltaLVMI over time (hazard ratio 1.009; 95% confidence interval 1.004 to 1.015; P=0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Successful KT may not completely normalize LVM post-transplantation. Pre-dialysis LVMI, traditional risk factors and no use of ACEI may perpetuate cardiac growth following KT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, E-38320, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. dhmarrero@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Domingo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rufino
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Laynez
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de la Rosa
authors.forename: Esteban
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Porrini
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lacalzada
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barragán
authors.forename: Víctor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lorenzo
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torres
mesh_terms: D003710:Demography; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006321:Heart / Q000254:growth & development*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000254:growth & development*; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D012044:Regression Analysis; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D013997:Time Factors