title: Radioguided Intraoperative Margins Evaluation (RIME): preliminary results of a new technique to aid breast cancer resection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Women undergoing breast-conserving surgery for cancer can present residual disease. We have developed a technique called Radioguided Intraoperative Margins Evaluation (RIME) that uses a radiopharmaceutical to distinguish normal and cancer tissues. The aim of this study was to assess whether RIME is a feasible technique, and if it could help in breast cancer resection with free margins, minimizing residual disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three breast cancer patients programmed for mastectomy were selected. Before surgery, the patients were submitted to scintimammography with 99mTc-sestamibi to estimate the optimal time to begin radioguided surgery. Twenty patients were submitted to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to evaluate skin, deep fascia and to detect other tumor foci. At the beginning of the surgery, the same dose of 99mTc-sestamibi was intravenously injected into patients. Tumor resection was performed under guidance of a gamma-probe, characterizing the RIME technique. Finally, modified radical mastectomy was performed. Tumor and residual breast were histopathologically examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The RIME technique was successfully performed in all patients. The principal tumor was removed by this technique and provided 82.6% of histologically free margins (mean margins, 4.8 mm). Additionally, 47.8% of patients were without residual disease. The mean size of residual carcinoma was 3.67 mm and generally located near the tumor bed (<1.5 cm). There was no significant association between presence of residual disease and tumor size or margin status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RIME is a feasible technique that could help tumor resection with free margins; however, it seems to be limited for small carcinoma foci.
authors.affiliation: Division of Oncology and Senology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil. giuliano.duarte@ig.com.br
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cabello
authors.forename: R Z
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Torresan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alvarenga
authors.forename: G H Q
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Telles
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Bianchessi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Caserta
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Segala
authors.forename: M C L
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: de Lima
authors.forename: E C S C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Etchebehere
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Camargo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008327:Mammography; D015411:Mastectomy, Modified Radical; D008875:Middle Aged; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi