title: Successful kidney transplantation does not reverse the coagulopathy in patients with chronic renal failure on either hemo or peritoneal dialysis.
abstract: There is wide disagreement about the measurement of various hemostatic parameters in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) concerning treatment with either hemodialysis (HD) or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). This study aims to characterize the coagulopathy in patients with CRF both before initiating dialysis, when the patients are expected to have a steady hemostatic state and after starting regular HD or CAPD. The measurements were repeated in a group of patients who received a successful renal transplant to see whether the coagulopathy associated with CRF would be corrected by this lasting therapy. The study, which was mainly cross-sectional and prospective, included two groups: 49 patients with CRF with their age ranging from 17 to 67 years were divided as follows: those on regular HD (n=20), CAPD (n=9) and patients after transplant (n=20). The tests were also done on 34 healthy controls. Significant hyper-fibrinogenemia was recorded in all three study groups. The HD group showed significant elevation in the plasma levels of AT III and total protein S and a significant reduction in free protein S and protein C, when compared with healthy controls. These inhibitors, except total PS, displayed similar fluctuations in the CAPD group. In the transplant patients, there was significant elevation of AT III and total protein S, a reduction in free PS and no significant changes in PC levels. A significant elevation was found in the levels of F1+2, TAT and D-Dimer in HD and in transplant patients, when compared with controls. In CAPD patients, only D-Dimer levels showed a significant increase. The tPA and PAI-1 levels in the three study groups were similar to the control group. Our study revealed significant activation of the hemostatic system, more pronounced in patients on HD than CAPD. This coagulopathy remained only partly corrected following successful kidney transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ballow
authors.forename: A M A
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gader
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huraib
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mitwalli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Al-Suleimani
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Al-Wakeel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D003124:Colorimetry; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000097:blood; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011486:Protein C / Q000378:metabolism; D017293:Protein S / Q000378:metabolism; D011516:Prothrombin; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011486:Protein C; D017293:Protein S; C046193:antithrombin III-protease complex; C045879:prothrombin fragment 1.2; D000990:Antithrombin III; D011516:Prothrombin; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases