title: Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory effects in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.
abstract: The focus of this study was to clarify the relation between the nitric oxide (NO) production and cytokine expression including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and also investigated the effect of COS on LPS stimuli from RAW 264.7 cell. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria induces the expression of cytokines and potent inducers of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-6. In this experiment, upon stimulation with increasing concentrations of chitosan, the LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha and IL-6 secretion was significantly recovered within the incubation media of RAW 264.7 cells. Consistently, RT-PCR with mRNA and Western blot with anti-cytokine antiserum including TNF-alpha and IL-6 showed that the amount of TNF-alpha and IL-6 secretion in the incubation media recovered with the concentration of chitosan. The LPS-stimulated NO secretion was significantly recovered within the 6h and 12h incubation media of RAW 264.7 cells, too. The recovery effect of chitosan on IL-6 and NO secretion may be induced via the stimulus of TNF-alpha in RAW 264.7 cell. These results once again suggest that chitosan oligosaccharide may have the anti-inflammatory effect via the stimulus of TNF-alpha in the LPS-stimulated inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Joong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Myoung E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Haeng Soon
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Suhn Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Im
authors.forename: Young Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D007249:Inflammation; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000737:chemistry; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009573:Nitrites; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D048271:Chitosan