title: Maternal allergy influences the proliferation of neonatal T cells expressing CCR4, CXCR5 or CD103.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elevated proliferative response to allergen in cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) is related to subsequent allergy development of the neonate and has been suggested as a screening marker for high allergy risk.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the proliferating cells in CBMCs from a neonatal group influenced by maternal allergy compared with a control group without known allergic heredity.
  
  
  METHODS
  CBMCs were stimulated with bovine beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG) and proliferation was analysed by radioactive thymidine incorporation and expressed both as the traditional stimulation index (SI) and SI corrected by eliminating non-specific proliferation. After beta-LG combined with endotoxin stimulation, cellular expression of IL-4 and IFN-gamma mRNA was determined by quantitative RT-PCR and adhesion as well as chemokine receptors were analysed by three-colour flow cytometry in proliferating T cells (CD3+ Ki-67+).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of CCR4+ cells correlated weakly with concurrent IL-4 expression (r(S)=0.5, P<0.05), while CXCR3 correlated strongly with IFN-gamma expression (r(S)=0.83, P<0.001). In the allergy risk group, the percentage of proliferating T cells expressing CCR4 or integrin alphaE (CD103) was significantly reduced compared with the control group, while CXCR5 and the corrected SI were relatively increased (CCR4: P=0.01; integrin alphaE: P=0.03; CXCR5: P=0.04; SI: P=0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results implied delayed maturation of immune functions involved in cellular migration, cell-cell interaction and immunoregulatory functions in neonates with hereditary allergy risk. The alterations observed in this subject group suggested that the corrected SI as well as proliferation of CCR4+, CXCR5+ or CD103+ T cells in allergen-stimulated CBMCs might serve as early screening markers for allergy risk.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology (LIIPAT), Department and Institute of Pathology, University of Oslo, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Centre, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Haddeland
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brandtzaeg
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nakstad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000276:immunology; D002417:Cattle; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000151:congenital / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D039001:Integrin alpha Chains / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000276:immunology; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D007782:Lactoglobulins / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange / Q000276:immunology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D054398:Receptors, CCR4; D054380:Receptors, CXCR5; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D015703:Antigens, CD; C515354:CCR4 protein, human; D017252:CD3 Complex; C095085:CXCR5 protein, human; D004731:Endotoxins; C508598:IL4 protein, human; D039001:Integrin alpha Chains; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D007782:Lactoglobulins; D054398:Receptors, CCR4; D054380:Receptors, CXCR5; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; C091367:alpha E integrins; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma