title: Second-trimester diagnosis of limb-body wall complex with literature review of pathogenesis.
abstract: Three fetuses having limb-body wall complex (LBWC) with craniofacial defects and 9 fetuses having LBWC without craniofacial defects were diagnosed and delivered in the second trimester at Mackay Memorial Hospital during the period January 1990 - May 2006. Cases of LBWC with craniofacial defects showed severe anomalies of the upper limbs, craniofacial defects, constrictive amniotic bands and cranioplacental attachment, whereas, cases of LBWC without craniofacial defects presented major anomalies of the lower limbs, abnormal genitalia, anal atresia, renal defects, abdominoplacental attachment and umbilical cord abnormalities. The perinatal findings of LBWC with or without craniofacial defects were compared and the pathogenesis was discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. cpc_mmh@yahoo.com
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: T Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Tzen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D034861:Abdominal Wall / Q000002:abnormalities*; D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000196:embryology / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D000328:Adult; D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human / Q000097:blood; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000196:embryology / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000002:abnormalities; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D017880:Limb Deformities, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000196:embryology / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins