title: Randomized controlled trial of pyrimethamine plus sulfadiazine versus trimethoprim plus sulfamethoxazole for treatment of toxoplasmic encephalitis in AIDS patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE), caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is common in AIDS patients. TE can result in tissue destruction via massive inflammation and brain abscess formation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trials were performed in AIDS patients to assess which drug regimen was optimally effective for the treatment of TE. AIDS patients with TE were randomly divided into 3 groups that received a 6-week course of either pyrimethamine (50 mg/day or 100 mg/day) plus sulfadiazine (4 g/day) and folinic acid (25 mg/day) or trimethoprim (10 mg/kg/day) plus sulfamethoxazole (50 mg/kg/day) (TMP-SMX), and results were evaluated with respect to clinical response, mortality, morbidity, and serious adverse events. The primary outcome was defined as death in the first 6-week period. The secondary outcome was successful treatment within 6 weeks without severe adverse events, bone marrow suppression, drug-induced rash, or any other event that caused a change in the treatment regimen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results from this study showed that in AIDS patients, TE was most successfully treated with the combination of pyrimethamine (50 mg/day) plus sulfadiazidine (4 g/day) and folinic acid (25 mg/day); failure rates were not significantly different among the 3 treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Available data suggest that of the currently available options, treatment of TE with pyrimethamine at 50 mg/day plus sulfadiazidine at 4 g/day provides the best primary outcome for AIDS patients with TE; however, because this study was terminated prematurely, we suggest that treatment with intravenous TMP-SMX be further evaluated to determine its efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Rajavithi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Subsai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kongsaengdao
authors.forename: Kanoksri
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Samintarapanya
authors.forename: Kanokporn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oranratnachai
authors.forename: Wantana
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Prapakarn
authors.forename: Chatchawann
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Apichartpiyakul
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology; D000328:Adult; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011739:Pyrimethamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013411:Sulfadiazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016781:Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D013411:Sulfadiazine; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; D011739:Pyrimethamine