title: Maternal and infant characteristics associated with perinatal arterial stroke in the preterm infant.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Most perinatal arterial stroke (PAS) studies that investigated infant characteristics have excluded preterm infants from the study population. We sought to analyze the imaging findings and antenatal and perinatal risk factors in preterm infants with PAS.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a hospital-based, case-control study of preterm infants. Case infants were confirmed by reviewing brain imaging scans and medical records (n=31). Three controls per case were individually matched with case infants from the study population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gestational age ranged between 27 and 36 weeks, and birth weight ranged between 580 and 3180 g. PAS was more common on the left side (61%), and 7% had bilateral PAS. The majority of strokes involved the middle cerebral artery distribution. Involvement of 1 or more lenticulostriate branches was most common among infants with a gestational age of 28 to 32 weeks, but main branch involvement was seen only in those with a gestational age of >32 weeks. Twin-to-twin-transfusion syndrome, fetal heart rate abnormality, and hypoglycemia were identified as independent risk factors for PAS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preterm PAS is associated with prenatal, perinatal, and postpartum risk factors. We were unable to identify any maternal risk factors. Involvement of the different branches of the middle cerebral artery changed with an increase in gestational age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Manon J N L
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Benders
authors.forename: Floris
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Groenendaal
authors.forename: Cuno S P M
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Uiterwaal
authors.forename: Peter G J
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Nikkels
authors.forename: Hein W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Bruinse
authors.forename: Rutger A J
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Nievelstein
authors.forename: Linda S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: de Vries
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D018743:Perinatal Care; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*