title: The carbonate radical and related oxidants derived from bicarbonate buffer.
abstract: The unequivocal demonstration that the carbonate radical (CO(3) (.-)) is produced from the reaction between the ubiquitous carbon dioxide and peroxynitrite, renewed the interest in the pathogenic roles of oxidants derived from the main physiological buffer, the bicarbonate-carbon dioxide pair. Here, we review the biochemical properties of both the carbonate radical and peroxymonocarbonate (HCO(4) (-)), and discuss the evidence of their formation under physiological conditions. Overall, the review emphasizes the recognition of the biological relevance of oxidants derived from the main physiological buffer as a crucial step into the understanding and control of numerous pathological states.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Danilo B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Medinas
authors.forename: Giselle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cerchiaro
authors.forename: Daniel F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Trindade
authors.forename: Ohara
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Augusto
mesh_terms: D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002021:Buffers; D002254:Carbonates / Q000737:chemistry*; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000737:chemistry*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D016877:Oxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D002021:Buffers; D002254:Carbonates; D005609:Free Radicals; D016877:Oxidants; C512862:peroxycarbonic acid; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase