title: The 2 STEP: an approach to repeating a serial transverse enteroplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The serial transverse enteroplasty procedure (STEP) procedure is a successful and safe approach to lengthen small bowel in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS). However, postlengthening dilatation may occur, which can lead to bacterial overgrowth and malabsorption. We addressed this problem by reperforming the STEP in 2 patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two infants underwent the STEP procedure at 3 days and at 4 months of life for SBS secondary to intestinal atresia and gastroschisis. The patients' small bowel lengths were 20 and 32 cm before and 25 and 52 cm after the initial STEP. Nine and 8.5 months afterward, the patients developed dilatation of the small bowel and feeding intolerance. A second STEP procedure was undertaken with additional transverse firings of staplers between previously lengthened segments and tapering of redundant blind-ending portions of bowel.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At operation, the bowel lengths were 45 and 62 cm. The second STEP left the patients with 61 and 73 cm of small bowel with a normalization of intestinal diameter. The first patient is doing well 5 months after surgery, and the second child tolerated increased enteral intake but died 1 year later from total parenteral nutrition-related liver failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report of a successful application of a second STEP procedure to further lengthen small bowel in SBS patients. Reapplication of the procedure requires careful stapling and a removal of small blind-ending segments to avoid further stasis.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Peter F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Ehrlich
authors.forename: George B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Mychaliska
authors.forename: Daniel H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Teitelbaum
mesh_terms: D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D020139:Gastroschisis / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012778:Short Bowel Syndrome / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome