title: First forearm transplantation: outcome at 3 years.
abstract: We here report on the surgical procedure, postoperative course and functional results at 3 years following the first bilateral forearm transplantation. A 41-year-old male underwent bilateral forearm transplantation on February 17, 2003. After ATG induction therapy, tacrolimus, prednisone and MMF were given for maintenance immunosuppression. At 16 months, MMF was switched to everolimus. Hand function, histology, immunohistochemistry, radiomorphology, motor and nerve conduction and somatosensory-evoked potentials were investigated at frequent intervals. A total of six rejection episodes required treatment with either steroids, basiliximab, ATG, alemtuzumab or tacrolimus dose augmentation. At 3 years, the patient is free of clinical signs of rejection despite a persisting minimal perivascular lymphocytic dermal infiltrate. No signs of myointimal proliferation in graft vessels were seen. Motor function continuously improved, resulting in satisfactory hand function. Intrinsic hand muscle function was first observed at 16 months and continues to improve. Although discrimination of hot and cold recovered, overall sensitivity remains poor. The patient is satisfied with the outcome. Bilateral forearm transplantation represents a novel therapeutic option after loss of forearms.
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria. stefan.schneeberger@i-med.ac.at
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schneeberger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ninkovic
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gabl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ninkovic
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hussl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rieger
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Loescher
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zelger
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brandacher
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bonatti
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hautz
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boesmueller
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Piza-Katzer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Margreiter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000637:transplantation*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005542:Forearm; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D016377:Organ Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents