title: Flicker perimetry in healthy subjects: influence of age and gender, learning effect and short-term fluctuation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the mean critical fusion frequency and the short-term fluctuation, to analyze the influence of age, gender, and the learning effect in healthy subjects undergoing flicker perimetry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study 1--95 healthy subjects underwent flicker perimetry once in one eye. Mean critical fusion frequency values were compared between genders, and the influence of age was evaluated using linear regression analysis. Study 2--20 healthy subjects underwent flicker perimetry 5 times in one eye. The first 3 sessions were separated by an interval of 1 to 30 days, whereas the last 3 sessions were performed within the same day. The first 3 sessions were used to investigate the presence of a learning effect, whereas the last 3 tests were used to calculate short-term fluctuation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Study 1--Linear regression analysis demonstrated that mean global, foveal, central, and critical fusion frequency per quadrant significantly decreased with age (p<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in mean critical fusion frequency values between males and females (p>0.05), with the exception of the central area and inferonasal quadrant (p=0.049 and p=0.011, respectively), where the values were lower in females. Study 2--Mean global (p=0.014), central (p=0.008), and peripheral (p=0.03) critical fusion frequency were significantly lower in the first session compared to the second and third sessions. The mean global short-term fluctuation was 5.06 +/-1.13 Hz, the mean interindividual and intraindividual variabilities were 11.2+/-2.8% and 6.4+/-1.5%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that, in healthy subjects, critical fusion frequency decreases with age, that flicker perimetry is associated with a learning effect, and that a moderately high short-term fluctuation is expected.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Padre Vieira 1235, Campinas, SP, CEP 13015-301, Brazil. luc.b@zaz.com.br
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bernardi
authors.forename: Vital P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Lineu Oto
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Shiroma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012737:Sex Factors; D058609:Visual Field Tests / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology*