title: A model for teaching bedside detection of glass in wounds.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Emergency physicians often manage wounds contaminated with glass. Even when glass is visible on x rays, removal may require real-time bedside imaging.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether novices can be easily trained to accurately detect tiny glass foreign bodies (GFBs) using low-power portable fluoroscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  21 medical students with no prior experience using fluoroscopy were taught to detect 1 mm GFBs in chicken legs either by training over three separate days or by training on 1 day. Skills were reassessed at 3 months. The number of mean correct responses was compared between groups using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and by examination of 95% CIs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Examination of CI overlap and ANOVA suggested that asymptotic accuracy was achieved after 15-30 training specimens. The final accuracy was similar between protocols, was comparable to prior accuracy reports of plain film radiography and was maintained in both protocols at the 3 month follow-up: 10.9 (0.3) and 12.0 (0.8; out of 15).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Novices can easily be taught to detect GFBs using fluoroscopy, with accuracy comparable to that achieved by radiologists using plain films. Further studies are needed to assess doctors' use of the technique in real patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 259 East Erie Street, Suite 100, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. mrlevine@comcast.net
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gorman
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Yarnold
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002645:Chickens; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004521:Educational Measurement; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000193:education*; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000379:methods; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005898:Glass; D006801:Humans; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*