title: Impact of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on chronic hepatitis B.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The impact of superimposed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is well established in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CH-C), but the impact in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CH-B) is less clear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of NAFLD in patients with CH-B and the association with viral and host factors, particularly in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from patients with CH-B was obtained from our databases. Patients with excessive alcohol use were excluded. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotyping by INNO-LIPA was available for some patients. The presence of MS was defined according to the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III). All biopsies were read by two hepatopathologists using Metavir, modified histologic activity index (MHAI), as well as a NAFLD pathologic protocol. Patients were classified as (1) those without NAFLD; (2) those with simple hepatic steatosis; (3) and those with superimposed non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Factors associated with superimposed NAFLD, its subtypes, and hepatic fibrosis were also analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects included 153 HBV patients [66% male, age 50.5+/-27.5 years, body mass index 24.7+/-3.7 kg/m(2), waist 83.2+/-10.9 cm; 8.5% Caucasian, 67% Asian, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 63.2+/-88.2 IU/l, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 98.6+/-164.6 IU/l, glucose 111.6+/-50.5 mg/dl, HBV-DNA 1.8 x 10(8)+/-1.9 x 10(6) copies/ml, 7% with MS, 13% with diabetes, 20% with arterial hypertension and 8.5% with dyslipidaemia]. Liver biopsy was available for 64 subjects [19% had superimposed NAFLD, 13% had superimposed NASH, 86% had some degree of fibrosis, and 39% had advanced fibrosis (Ishak >3)]. Patients with HBV and superimposed NASH were significantly older (55 vs. 42 years, P=0.008), more likely to have hypertension (63% vs. 15%, P=0.006) and dyslipidaemia (50% vs. 8%, P=0.006), and had a larger waist circumference (92 vs. 83 cm, P=0.03). The presence of fibrosis was associated with higher waist circumference (84 vs. 80 cm, P=0.03), higher HBV-DNA (1.9 x 10(8) vs. 5 x 10(6) copies/ml, P=0.005), and elevated ALT >40 IU/l (73.6% vs. 33.3%, P=0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The components of MS (obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia) are associated with the presence of NASH in patients with CH-B. The presence of hepatic fibrosis seems to be associated with known host and viral factors as well as the presence of abdominal obesity.
authors.affiliation: Center for Liver Diseases at Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA 22003-6800, USA.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bondini
authors.forename: Jillian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kallman
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: Shivaani
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gramlich
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Jondle
authors.forename: Zobair M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Younossi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000209:etiology; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors