title: Bronchoalveolar cellularity and interleukin-8 levels in measles bronchiolitis obliterans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Measles virus infection may progress to a chronic obstructive process including bronchiolitis obliterans (BO). This study investigates pulmonary cellular profiles and interleukin (IL)-8 levels in patients with BO following the measles.
  
  
  METHODS
  BAL fluid was obtained from 12 children with BO who had a history of measles pneumonia during an outbreak in 2000 and 2001. BAL cell counts and differentials were compared to control patients as well as BAL IL-8 levels, which were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunohistochemical staining of BAL cells and three open-lung biopsy specimens were also analyzed for T-cell surface markers CD3, CD4, and CD8.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BAL cellular profiles were characterized by a significantly increased percentage of neutrophils in the measles BO group (median, 16.0%) compared to the control group (2.3%) [p < 0.01]. BAL IL-8 levels were also markedly increased in the measles BO group (mean +/- SD, 418.6 +/- 286.0 pg/mL) compared to the control group (92.8 +/- 126.7 pg/mL) [p < 0.01]. BAL IL-8 levels correlated significantly with neutrophil percentages in both the measles BO group (r = 0.86, p = 0.000) and the control group (r = 0.79, p = 0.007). The lymphocyte subsets were characterized by a significantly increased number of CD8+ cells, resulting in a decreased CD4/CD8 ratio in the BAL and the biopsy specimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that pulmonary neutrophils and IL-8, along with CD8+ T lymphocytes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of BO after measles virus infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Yull
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Da Eun
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Ji Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Jung Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Chang Keun
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D001989:Bronchiolitis Obliterans / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology*; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D016827:CD8 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002452:Cell Count; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis*; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008457:Measles / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000473:pathology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D017252:CD3 Complex; D016827:CD8 Antigens; D016209:Interleukin-8