title: Suicidality in middle aged and older patients with schizophrenia and depressive symptoms: relationship to functioning and Quality of Life.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Suicidality is a health concern in patients with schizophrenia. We examined the hypotheses: (1) Middle aged and older patients with schizophrenia, depressive symptoms and suicidality would exhibit worse quality of life and worse everyday functioning, social skills and medication management relative to those without suicidality; (2) higher levels of suicidality would be significantly associated with worse functioning, worse quality of life and older age.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 146 outpatients with schizophrenia and depression. Patients were at least 40 years old and were diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and had two or more depressive symptoms based on DSM-IV criteria for major depression. We assessed suicidality with the Intersept Suicide Scale (ISS) and functioning with the UCSD Performance-based Skills Assessment (UPSA), Social Skills Performance Assessment (SSPA), and Medication Management Ability Assessment (MMAA). Quality of life was assessed with the Heinrichs Quality of Life Scale (QLS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of patients was 52.4+ 6.9 years. Subjects with suicidality (ISS scores > 0) had lower QLS scores compared to those without suicidality. However, there were no differences in UPSA, SSPA nor MMAA scores between the two groups. In addition, based on Spearman's rho correlational analysis, there were significant associations of QLS scores with ISS scores (r = - 0.236) and with MMAA "total errors" scores (r = 0.174). Logistic regression demonstrated that only QLS scores predicted suicidality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thirty-six percent of our sample had at least mild degrees of suicidality. Lower quality of life appears to be an important predictor of suicidality.
authors.affiliation: VA Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA. kasckowjw@upmc.edu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kasckow
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Montross
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Golshan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sollanzano
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zisook
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012919:Social Behavior; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology*