title: Dysregulated metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent translation of AMPA receptor and postsynaptic density-95 mRNAs at synapses in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome.
abstract: Fragile X syndrome, a common form of inherited mental retardation, is caused by the loss of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), an mRNA binding protein that is hypothesized to regulate local mRNA translation in dendrites downstream of gp1 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). However, specific FMRP-associated mRNAs that localize to dendrites in vivo and show altered mGluR-dependent translation at synapses of Fmr1 knock-out mice are unknown so far. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, we discovered that GluR1/2 and postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) mRNAs are localized to dendrites of cortical and hippocampal neurons in vivo. Quantitative analyses of their dendritic mRNA levels in cultured neurons and synaptoneurosomes did not detect differences between wild-type and Fmr1 knock-out (KO) mice. In contrast, PSD-95, GluR1/2, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase IIalpha (CaMKIIalpha) mRNA levels in actively translating polyribosomes were dysregulated in synaptoneurosomes from Fmr1 knock-out mice in response to mGluR activation. [35S]methionine incorporation into newly synthesized proteins similarly revealed impaired stimulus-induced protein synthesis of CaMKIIalpha and PSD-95 in synaptoneurosomes from Fmr1 KO mice. Quantitative analysis of mRNA levels in FMRP-specific immunoprecipitations from synaptoneurosomes demonstrated the association of FMRP with CaMKIIalpha, PSD-95, and GluR1/2 mRNAs. These findings suggest a novel mechanism whereby FMRP regulates the local synthesis AMPA receptor (AMPAR) subunits, PSD-95, and CaMKIIalpha downstream of mGluR-activation. Dysregulation of local translation of AMPAR and associated factors at synapses may impair control of the molecular composition of the postsynaptic density and consequently alter synaptic transmission, causing impairments of neuronal plasticity observed in Fmr1 knock-out mice and fragile X syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Ravi S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Muddashetty
authors.forename: Sofija
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kelić
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Gary J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Bassell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000076122:Disks Large Homolog 4 Protein; D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005600:Fragile X Syndrome / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051528:Guanylate Kinases; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D013569:Synapses / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000076122:Disks Large Homolog 4 Protein; D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1; D051528:Guanylate Kinases; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; C501447:Dlg4 protein, mouse; C497684:Fmr1 protein, mouse; C104722:glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 2