title: Association of low serum levels of apolipoprotein A-I with adverse outcomes in patients with nonischemic heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is extensive evidence that low serum levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) predict a worse prognosis in patients with ischemic heart disease. This study examined whether apoA-I levels may also provide prognostic information in patients with nonischemic heart failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A prospective follow-up study was performed in 117 consecutive patients with nonischemic heart failure for a period of < or = 36 months until the first occurrence of 1 of the following clinical events: all-cause death, cardiac death, and hospitalization with worsening heart failure. Serum levels of apoA-I were measured by immunoturbidimetry. A clinical event occurred during follow-up in 28 (24%) patients. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that lower apoA-I levels (< 103 mg/dL: determined by a receiver-operating characteristic analysis) were significantly associated with an adverse outcome that was independent of creatinine clearance, HDL cholesterol levels, and brain natriuretic peptide levels. ApoA-I was inversely correlated with levels of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen, known inflammatory predictors of poor prognosis in heart failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low levels of apoA-I are independently associated with an adverse prognosis in patients with nonischemic heart failure. ApoA-I may play a beneficial role in nonischemic heart failure partly through an anti-inflammatory action.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwaoka
authors.forename: Jyun-ei
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Obata
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Takamitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitta
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: Ken-ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawabata
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fujioka
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hasebe
authors.forename: Kiyotaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kugiyama
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D015415:Biomarkers; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL