title: Changes of D-dimer after total hip arthroplasty in patients with and without intraoperative heparin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Marked activation of thrombosis is common in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty, especially during reaming of the femur and after insertion of the femoral prosthesis. This suggests that management designed to minimize deep vein thrombosis and fatal pulmonary embolism after total hip arthroplasty should be focused on the period during insertion of the femoral component. In some previous studies, a low dose of heparin administered intraoperatively was shown to suppress the formation of fibrin.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study was performed to evaluate the influence of intraoperative heparin administration on the D-dimer level and on the prevention of pulmonary embolism after total hip arthroplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 22 and 26 consecutive patients respectively underwent total hip arthroplasty with and without intraoperative administration of unfractionated heparin. Postoperatively, all patients wore knee-high elastic stockings and were fitted with calf-to-thigh intermittent pneumatic compression devices. Active ankle flexion and extension exercises were commenced as soon as motor function recovered. None of the 48 patients received prophylactic anticoagulants postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant difference of the mean D-dimer level on the 1st day between the patients with and without intraoperative administration of heparin (8.9 +/- 6.6 vs. 15.7 +/- 12.7, P < 0.05). Although there were no patients with symptomatic deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, asymptomatic pulmonary embolism was detected by pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy in three patients who did not receive intraoperative heparin. The operative blood loss and postoperative drainage were similar in both groups and no bleeding complications were observed. In conclusion, we recommend a safe and inexpensive regimen comprising 1,000 U of intravenous unfractionated heparin intraoperatively, postoperative pneumatic compression, and early active mobilization for prevention of thoromboembolic complications after total hip arthroplasty.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan. maeza@med.juntendo.ac.jp
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maezawa
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nozawa
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aritomi
authors.forename: Mitsuaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Katsuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shitoto
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kurosawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000032:analysis*; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015207:Osteoarthritis, Hip / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; C036309:fibrin fragment D; D006493:Heparin