title: NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide anion mediates angiotensin II-enhanced carotid body chemoreceptor sensitivity in heart failure rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A previous study from this laboratory showed that elevation of endogenous angiotensin II (Ang II) and upregulation of the angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor in the carotid body (CB) are involved in the enhanced peripheral chemoreceptor sensitivity in rabbits with chronic heart failure (CHF). NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide anion mediates the effects of Ang II in many organs. We investigated whether this signaling pathway may mediate the enhanced peripheral chemoreceptor sensitivity induced by Ang II in CHF rabbits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By recording single-unit activity from the carotid sinus nerve in isolated preparations, we found that phenylarsine oxide 2 muM (PAO, NADPH oxidase inhibitor) and TEMPOL 1 mM (superoxide dismutase mimetic) significantly decreased not only the Ang II-enhanced CB chemoreceptor responses to different levels of hypoxia in sham rabbits (Delta-12.5+/-0.8 and Delta-12.8+/-0.9 imp/s at 40.7+/-2.3 mm Hg of PO(2), and Delta-5.6+/-0.5 and Delta-5.3+/-0.4 imp/s at 60.2+/-3.1 mm Hg of PO(2), p<0.05, respectively) but also the CHF-induced elevation of CB chemoreceptor responses to different levels of hypoxia (Delta-13.6+/-1.1 and Delta-13.7+/-0.9 imp/s at 40.9+/-3.1 mm Hg of PO(2), and Delta-6.7+/-1.2 and Delta-6.6+/-0.8 imp/s at 59.8+/-3.5 mm Hg of PO(2), p<0.05). In addition, mRNA and protein expressions of NADPH oxidase components (gp91(phox), p40(phox) and p47(phox)) were higher in the CB from CHF rabbits compared to sham rabbits. Furthermore, 100 pM Ang II induced an increase in superoxide production in CB homogenates from sham rabbits, which was similar to that in CB homogenate from CHF rabbits. PAO and Tempol inhibited the Ang II- and CHF-enhanced superoxide anion production.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the enhanced peripheral chemoreceptor sensitivity mediated by Ang II in CHF rabbits occurs via a NADPH oxidase-superoxide signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA.
authors.forename: Yu-Long
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Irving H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Zucker
authors.forename: Harold D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Schultz
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000378:metabolism*; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001152:Arsenicals / Q000494:pharmacology; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D002344:Carotid Body / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002628:Chemoreceptor Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D011817:Rabbits; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013113:Spin Labels; D013481:Superoxides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D001152:Arsenicals; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D013113:Spin Labels; C029341:oxophenylarsine; D013481:Superoxides; D000804:Angiotensin II; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; C001803:tempol