title: Does excess pregnancy weight gain constitute a major risk for increasing long-term BMI?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to assess the relevance of the recommendations of the Institute of Medicine (IOM), regarding gestational weight gain (GWG) for long-term BMI development.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Stockholm Pregnancy and Women's Nutrition is a follow-up study of 483 women who delivered children in 1984 to 1985. ANOVA was used to examine the change in body weight before pregnancy, at 6 months, and 1 year postpartum and 15 years after childbirth. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the predictors of BMI at 15-year follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The weight increase from baseline to 15-year follow-up was 6.2 kg for IOM-insufficient, 6.7 kg for IOM-recommended, and 10.0 kg for IOM-excessive weight gain (p < 0.01). ANOVA showed a main effect of time, group and group by time interaction. The weight of the women who had excessive GWG was significantly greater at each time-point of follow-up than the weight of those who gained within or below recommendations. GWG was related to BMI at 15-year follow-up even after accounting for several confounders. Women who gained excessive weight during pregnancy had an increase of 0.72 kg/m(2) in long-term BMI compared with women who gained within recommendations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings support the adequateness of IOM guidelines, not only for the pregnancy-related health matters, but also for preventing long-term weight retention after delivery. Healthcare providers should give women appropriate advice for controlling GWG and motivate them to lose pregnancy-related weight during postpartum to prevent future overweight.
authors.affiliation: Obesity Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden. Amanda@ims.uerj.br
authors.forename: Amanda R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Amorim
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rössner
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neovius
authors.forename: Paulo M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Lourenço
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Linné
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018579:Patient Selection; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013548:Sweden; D013997:Time Factors; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology*