title: Structural-functional relationships of TNF-alpha antagonists: next steps.
abstract: The balance between effective tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockade to control aggressive autoimmune disease states and adequate remaining TNF activity to confer immunoprotection against infections such as tuberculosis is an important and complex issue. An increased scientific understanding of how each of the TNF antagonist agents affects the complex interactions of the inflammation cascade and apoptosis, and whether the effects are modulatory or destructive, is needed. The data presented in this supplement highlight the need for further research into these key areas, and illustrate our current understanding of the mode of action of TNF blockers as only the tip of the iceberg.
authors.affiliation: Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, USA.
authors.forename: Frank J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Dann
authors.forename: Alice B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Gottlieb
authors.forename: George S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Deepe
authors.forename: JoAnne L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Flynn
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Wallis
authors.forename: Elizabeth H Z
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Louie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha