title: Characterization of Ph-negative abnormal clones emerging during imatinib therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Imatinib is a tyrosine kinase-specific inhibitor widely used for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Studies reported the occurrence of additional cytogenetic abnormalities in the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-negative cell population emerging after treatment-induced suppression of the Ph-positive clone. These abnormalities were described in a relatively high proportion of patients treated with imatinib compared with the anecdotal reports of similar cases in patients treated with other drugs. However, the origin of these abnormalities as well as their biological and clinical significance are unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study involved 13 cases of patients diagnosed with CML carrying cytogenetic abnormalities in their Ph-negative cell population after imatinib treatment. The presence of the markers within the CD34+ stem cell compartment and the cell culture growth were analyzed and patients were followed over time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CD34+ cells express the cytogenetic markers present in Ph- cells, suggesting a possible involvement of the stem cell population. Cultured cells showed normal growth in all but 1 patient. No growth advantage was demonstrated for the Ph-negative or the Ph-positive clone after cell culture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After follow-up of up to 49 months, none of the patients had evolved to myelodysplasia or acute leukemia. Hypothesis regarding the biological and clinical significance of these abnormalities are formulated.
authors.affiliation: Hematology, S. Eugenio Hospital, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy. elisabetta.abruzzese@uniroma2.it
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Abruzzese
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gozzetti
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galimberti
authors.forename: Malgorzata Monika
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Trawinska
authors.forename: Tommaso
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Caravita
authors.forename: Agostina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siniscalchi
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cervetti
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mauriello
authors.forename: Angela Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Coletta
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Fabritiis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001549:Benzamides; D002469:Cell Separation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007621:Karyotyping; D054438:Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008677:Metaphase; D008875:Middle Aged; D010879:Piperazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011379:Prognosis; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001549:Benzamides; D010879:Piperazines; D011743:Pyrimidines; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases