Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins in protein regulation.
The discovery of the ubiquitin system was awarded with the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2004. Labeling of intracellular proteins for degradation by a multienzymatic complex, called the proteasome, was identified as the main function of this system. Subsequently, it was discovered that the attachment of ubiquitin to proteins can modify their function without degradation. Finally, a number of other molecules were recognized to be conjugated to proteins in a manner similar to ubiquitin and were henceforth called ubiquitin-like proteins. This review provides an overview of this class of molecules and its implication for function, subcellular location, and half-life of proteins.
Herrmann
Joerg
J
Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Lerman
Lilach O
LO
Lerman
Amir
A
D000818:Animals; D000071192:Autophagy-Related Protein 12; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology; D004260:DNA Repair; D006801:Humans; D000075687:NEDD8 Protein; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000502:physiology; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D025842:SUMO-1 Protein / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D025841:Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000502:physiology*; D014452:Ubiquitins / Q000502:physiology*
C466624:ATG12 protein, human; D000071192:Autophagy-Related Protein 12; D016207:Cytokines; D000075687:NEDD8 Protein; C082860:NEDD8 protein, human; D011506:Proteins; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins; D025842:SUMO-1 Protein; C117909:SUMO2 protein, human; D025841:Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins; C109184:UBD protein, human; D025801:Ubiquitin; D014452:Ubiquitins; C076845:FAU protein, human; C074034:ISG15 protein, human; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex