title: Exploring new technologies to facilitate laparoscopic surgery: creating intestinal anastomoses without sutures or staples, using a radio-frequency-energy-driven bipolar fusion device.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intestinal anastomotic healing requires apposition of the collagen containing submucosal layers of the opposing intestinal walls, which is traditionally achieved by staples or sutures. Recently, a feedback-controlled bipolar sealing system (LigaSure) has been successfully introduced to seal and transect vessels. Since this technology depends on fusion of collagen fibres which are abundantly present in the intestinal wall, the possibility to create intestinal anastomoses using this technology was investigated in the present study.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this purpose a new-generation radiofrequency (RF) generator and a prototype of the Ligasure Anastomotic Device (LAD) have been developed. The generator incorporates a closed loop control system which monitors tissue fusion, compares it with a mathematical model of ideal fusion based on the density and compliance of intestinal tissue and adjusts energy output accordingly. In total 8 anastomoses were created in a porcine model (4 pigs, 2 anastomoses each) and healing was assessed by macroscopic and histological examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All seals were macroscopic intact both immediate after creation and at sacrifice at the 7th postoperative day. Between operations, pigs appeared healthy and had normal intestinal passage. Histological examination of the anastomoses revealed undisturbed healing with granulation tissue, newly synthesised collagen in the submucosa and re-epithelialization at the borders of the seals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results confirm the feasibility to create experimental intestinal anastomoses using LigaSure technology. This may be an important step towards the development of new laparoscopic equipment combining dissecting and reconstructive properties within one single instrument.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, Michelangelolaan 2, 5623 EJ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Smulders
authors.forename: I H J T
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: de Hingh
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stavast
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jackimowicz
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004564:Electrocoagulation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D007422:Intestines / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013536:Suture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome