title: Reliable HPLC method for therapeutic drug monitoring of frequently prescribed tricyclic and nontricyclic antidepressants.
abstract: A new high-performance liquid chromatography method is presented for the determination of 10 frequently prescribed tricyclic and nontricyclic antidepressants: imipramine, amitriptyline, clomipramine, fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, citalopram, mirtazapine, moclobemide and duloxetine. The simple and accurate sample preparation step, consisted of liquid:liquid extraction with recoveries ranging between 72% and 86%, except for moclobemide (59%). Separation was obtained using a reverse phase Select B column under isocratic conditions with UV detection (230 nm). The mobile phase consisted of 35% of a mixture of acetonitrile/methanol (92:8, v/v) and 65% of 0.25 mol L(-1) sodium acetate buffer, pH 4.5. The standard curves were linear over a working range of 2.5-1000 ng mL(-1) for moclobemide, 5-2000 ng mL(-1) for citalopram, duloxetine, fluoxetine, 10-2000 ng mL(-1) for sertraline, imipramine, paroxetine, mirtazapine and clomipramine. The intra-assay and inter-assay precision and accuracy were studied at three concentrations (50, 200, and 500 ng mL(-1)). The intra-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) for all compounds were less than 8.8%, and all inter-CVs were less than 10%. Limits of quantification were 2.5 ng mL(-1) for moclobemide, 5 ng mL(-1) for citalopram, duloxetine and amitriptyline, and 10 ng mL(-1) for mirtazapine, paroxetine, imipramine, fluoxetine, sertraline, and clomipramine. No interference of the drugs normally associated with antidepressants was observed. The method has been successfully applied to the analysis of real samples, for the drug monitoring of ten frequently prescribed tricyclic and non-tricyclic antidepressant drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, CEP 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wilson Roberto
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Malfará
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bertucci
authors.forename: Maria Eugênia
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Costa Queiroz
authors.forename: Sonia Ap
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Dreossi Carvalho
authors.forename: Maria de Lourdes
authors.initials: Mde L
authors.lastname: Pires Bianchi
authors.forename: Evandro José
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Cesarino
authors.forename: José Alexandre
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Crippa
authors.forename: Regina Helena
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Costa Queiroz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000032:analysis*; D002138:Calibration; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D007202:Indicators and Reagents