title: Effect of sprue design on the castability and internal porosity in pure titanium castings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to evaluate the pure titanium castability and internal porosity with 3 different sprue designs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sprue designs selected were the conventional cylindrical, funnel-shaped, and sheet-form sprue formers. To evaluate the castability, the mesh monitor was chosen. Eight mesh patterns (14 3 14 mm) of 49 squares were attached to each type of sprue design. They were invested in titanium investment material and cast in a semiautomatic titanium casting machine. The titanium castings were evaluated by 2 methods. One was the visual observation of the castings for completeness, and the second was the radiographic qualitative analysis for the location of the internal porosities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were analyzed with analysis of variance and Student t test for paired comparison among different sprue designs. According to analysis of variance, all sprue designs revealed a statistically significant difference at the 5% level of confidence (P <.05, F = 3.50). Mesh patterns attached to funnel-shaped sprue designs showed better percentage castability values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For titanium, casting using a funnel-shaped sprue design displayed better castability values and less internal porosities in the castings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India. drsatyabodh@lycos.com <drsatyabodh@lycos.com>
authors.forename: Satyabodh S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Guttal
authors.forename: Narendra P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Patil
mesh_terms: D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D003735:Dental Casting Technique; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000379:methods*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; D014025:Titanium