title: Genetic factors associated with skin cancer in renal transplant patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-melanoma skin cancer represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among renal transplant recipients. Established risk factors that increase susceptibility to skin cancer after transplantation include skin type, sun exposure and level of immunosuppression.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive literature review was carried out to discuss relevant genetic polymorphism for the development of skin cancer in organ transplant recipients. These include genetic polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferase, interleukin-10, retinoblastoma and p53 genes. We also discuss genetic polymorphisms in the folate pathway, melanocortin 1 receptor and vitamin D receptor recently discovered in our group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No single factor is causative in cutaneous carcinogenesis in transplant recipients. Interactions of some of the above mechanisms with known environmental factors lead to increased risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polymorphisms in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase are potentially correctable with folic acid supplementation; however, further evaluation is required in adequately powered prospective clinical trials. Avoidance of known oncogenic environmental factors and genetic risk evaluation may improve outcomes in transplant patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. mrylaing@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: Mary Elizabeth
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Laing
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kay
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Conlon
authors.forename: Gillian M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*