title: Quality control procedures for dose-response curve generation using nanoliter dispense technologies.
abstract: With the advancement of high-throughput biomolecular screening techniques to the lead optimization stage, there is a critical need to quality control (QC) dose-response curves generated by robotic liquid handlers to ensure accurate affinity determinations. One challenge in evaluating the performance of liquid handlers is identifying and validating a robust method for testing dispense volumes across different instruments. Although traditional automated liquid handlers are still considered the standard platform in many laboratories, nanoliter dispensers are becoming more common and pose new challenges for routine quality control procedures. For example, standard gravimetric measurements are unreliable for testing the accuracy of nanoliter liquid dispenses. However, nanoliter dispensing technology allows for the conservation of compound, reduces compound carryover from well to well through discrete dispenses, and eliminates the need for intermediate compound dilution steps to achieve a low final DMSO assay concentration. Moreover, an intermediate dilution step in aqueous solution might result in compound precipitation at high concentrations. This study compared representative automation procedures done on a variety of liquid dispensers, including manual, traditional, and nanodispense volumes. The data confirmed the importance of establishing robust QC procedures for dose-response generation in addition to accuracy and precision determinations for each instrument, and they validated the use of nanoliter pipettors for dose-response testing. The results of this study also support the requirement for thorough mixing during serial compound dilutions prepared for high-throughput lead optimization strategies using traditional liquid handlers.
authors.affiliation: Merck & Co., Inc., Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Quintero
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rosenstein
authors.forename: Bethany
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Middleton
authors.forename: Ilona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kariv
mesh_terms: D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D006834:Hydrazines / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D007201:Indicator Dilution Techniques; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008832:Microchemistry / Q000379:methods*; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D011786:Quality Control; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: C417561:Alexa 488 hydrazide; D006834:Hydrazines