title: Single oral challenge by advanced glycation end products acutely impairs endothelial function in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The current study was designed to test the acute effects of dietary advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on endothelial function of diabetic and nondiabetic subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery and serum levels of AGEs, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and glucose were assessed before and after a single oral AGE challenge (approximately 1.8 x 10(6) AGE units) in 44 diabetic and 10 nondiabetic subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The diabetic patients had higher baseline levels of serum AGEs (P = 0.020), PAI-1 (NS), and VCAM-1 (P = 0.033) and lower baseline values of FMD compared with nondiabetic subjects (P = 0.032). Ninety minutes after a single oral AGE challenge, serum AGEs and PAI-1 levels increased and FMD decreased significantly in both healthy subjects (AGEs: 7.2 +/- 0.5 to 9.3 +/- 1 units/ml, P = 0.014; PAI-1: 5.4 +/- 0.4 to 6.8 +/- 0.4 ng/ml, P = 0.007; and FMD: 9.9 +/- 0.7 to 7.4 +/- 0.9%, P = 0.019) and diabetic subjects (AGEs: 10.5 +/- 0.7 to 14.2 +/- 1 units/ml, P = 0.020; PAI-1: 6.5 +/- 1 to 10 +/- 2 ng/ml, P = 0.030; and FMD: 5.4 +/- 0.4 to 4.0 +/- 0.3%, P = 0.032). Serum glucose and VCAM-1 levels remained unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant increases in serum AGEs can occur together with altered clinical measures of endothelial function in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects after a single modest AGE-rich beverage. Thus, repeated or chronic exposure to high AGE diets could over time lead to and/or accelerate vascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave Levy Pl., New York, NY 10029, USA. jaime.uribarri@mssm.edu
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Uribarri
authors.forename: Alin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stirban
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sander
authors.forename: Weijing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Negrean
authors.forename: Cristina E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Buenting
authors.forename: Theodore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koschinsky
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vlassara
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1