title: Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rosiglitazone is widely used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but its effect on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality has not been determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted searches of the published literature, the Web site of the Food and Drug Administration, and a clinical-trials registry maintained by the drug manufacturer (GlaxoSmithKline). Criteria for inclusion in our meta-analysis included a study duration of more than 24 weeks, the use of a randomized control group not receiving rosiglitazone, and the availability of outcome data for myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes. Of 116 potentially relevant studies, 42 trials met the inclusion criteria. We tabulated all occurrences of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were combined by means of a fixed-effects model. In the 42 trials, the mean age of the subjects was approximately 56 years, and the mean baseline glycated hemoglobin level was approximately 8.2%. In the rosiglitazone group, as compared with the control group, the odds ratio for myocardial infarction was 1.43 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 to 1.98; P=0.03), and the odds ratio for death from cardiovascular causes was 1.64 (95% CI, 0.98 to 2.74; P=0.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rosiglitazone was associated with a significant increase in the risk of myocardial infarction and with an increase in the risk of death from cardiovascular causes that had borderline significance. Our study was limited by a lack of access to original source data, which would have enabled time-to-event analysis. Despite these limitations, patients and providers should consider the potential for serious adverse cardiovascular effects of treatment with rosiglitazone for type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. nissens@ccf.org
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Nissen
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wolski
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000401:mortality*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000139:chemically induced*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones