title: Direct-fed microbial PrimaLac and salinomycin modulate whole-body and intestinal oxygen consumption and intestinal mucosal cytokine production in the broiler chick.
abstract: The current study investigated whole-body O2 consumption, intestinal O2 consumption, and intestinal inflammation status through mucosal cytokine production on broiler chicks fed the direct-fed microbial PrimaLac. One hundred twenty 1-d-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 experimental diets: standard starter diet (control), standard starter diet with added salinomycin (SAL), and standard starter diet with added PrimaLac (DFM). Birds were housed in 2 separate rooms, the control and SAL treatments in one room and the DFM in another. Intact ileal and cecal samples were collected on d 19, 20, and 21 after measuring whole-body O2 consumption using indirect calorimetry. The O2 up-take of ileal tissue was measured using an in vitro O2 monitor. Analysis of intestinal immune status of broilers was measured by the relative differences in mRNA of both pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines: interleukin-(IL) 1beta, IL-6, and IL-10 using real-time reverse transcription-PCR. Broilers exhibited a 6 to 16% decrease in whole-body energy expenditures and up to a 47% decrease (P<0.05) in ileal energy expenditures in the DFM group compared with other treatments. The reverse transcription-PCR data demonstrated that DFM consortium numerically altered both pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines within the ileum of 19-d posthatch broilers. These data suggest that direct-fed microbials like PrimaLac increase metabolic efficiency via changes in intestinal physiology and metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chichlowski
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Croom
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: McBride
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Koci
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002645:Chickens; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects*; D007778:Lactobacillus; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects*; D011714:Pyrans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000095662:Polyether Polyketides
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D011714:Pyrans; C010327:salinomycin; D000095662:Polyether Polyketides