title: Protective effect of glucosamine against ibuprofen-induced peptic ulcer in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Helicobacter pylori is the major causative factor of ulcer but the use of ibuprofen and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have also been implicated in development of ulcer. The purpose of the present study was to determine the anti-ulcer effect of glucosamine.
  
  
  METHODS
  The protective effect of glucosamine on ibuprofen-induced peptic ulcer in male albino rats was studied with respect to changes in the volume of gastric juice, acid output, pepsin activity, activities of membrane bound ATPases, protein content, glycoprotein components and histopathology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oral administration of ibuprofen caused significant increase in the number of lesions in the gastric mucosa, increases in the volume of gastric juice and acidity, and decreased activity of pepsin. The levels of protein content and glycoprotein components (hexose, hexosamine and sialic acid) and ATPase activities were also observed. Oral pretreatment with glucosamine resulted in significant reduction in the number of lesions in the gastric mucosa and decreases in the volume of gastric juice and acidity. The pepsin activity was also maintained at near normalcy. Prior oral administration of glucosamine significantly prevented the ibuprofen-induced depletion of protein and glycoprotein components and maintained the activities of membrane bound ATPases as compared to untreated ulcer induced group of rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The anti-ulcerogenic activity of glucosamine might be ascribable to its ability to neutralize the hydrochloric acid secreted into the stomach and to its capability to strengthen the mucosal barrier by increasing mucosal glycoprotein synthesis and to its free radical scavenging property. Histopathological investigations of the mucosal tissue also support the anti-ulcerogenic effect of glucosamine.
authors.affiliation: Fish Processing Division, Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, India. santhoshsethu@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: Sethumadhavan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santhosh
authors.forename: Rangasamy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Anandan
authors.forename: Theruvathil K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Sini
authors.forename: Paruthapara T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Mathew
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000633:toxicity*; D005745:Gastric Acidity Determination; D005750:Gastric Juice / Q000378:metabolism; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects; D005944:Glucosamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D020011:Protective Agents; D005944:Glucosamine; D007052:Ibuprofen