title: Sprouty2 downregulation plays a pivotal role in mediating crosstalk between TGF-beta1 signaling and EGF as well as FGF receptor tyrosine kinase-ERK pathways in mesenchymal cells.
abstract: Mammalian Sprouty2 (Spry2) is a key regulator of the receptor tyrosine kinase/ERK signaling pathway and is involved in many biological processes, including cell growth, differentiation, migration, and embryonic lung branching morphogenesis. Previous studies have shown that Spry2 expression is upregulated by many mitogens, particularly epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). In contrast, we report that transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), which stimulates the growth of quiescent Swiss 3T3 cells, induced a dose dependent decrease of mouse Spry2 protein level within 24-h of treatment, and this effect was mediated by a MAP kinase-independent pathway. A concomitant reduction of the level of Spry2 mRNA indicates the involvement of a transcriptional mechanism, which requires histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity and de novo protein synthesis. On the other hand, the turnover rate of Spry2 protein was increased by TGF-beta1 treatment, suggesting enhanced Spry2 degradation. Treatment with lysosomal inhibitors, but not proteasome inhibitors, prevented the degradation of Spry2, thus, indicating that the degradation of Spry2 is mediated through the lysosomal pathway in Swiss 3T3 cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that TGF-beta1 signaling can modulate EGF and FGF-induced ERK-MAP kinase activation by controlling Spry2 expression and function. Moreover, rescue of the TGF-beta1-induced downregulation of Spry2 by gene over-expression led to inhibition of the mitogenic effect of TGF-beta1 in Swiss 3T3 cells. Together, the combined operation of transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms suggests that regulation of Spry2 is a crucial event and emphasizes the important role that Spry2 plays in controlling cell behaviors.
authors.affiliation: Developmental Biology Program, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA. wding@chla.usc.edu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Saverio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bellusci
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Groffen
authors.forename: Nora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Heisterkamp
authors.forename: Parviz
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Minoo
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Warburton
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000643:Ammonium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000378:metabolism; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D041701:Swiss 3T3 Cells; D013997:Time Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014452:Ubiquitins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014452:Ubiquitins; D000643:Ammonium Chloride; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C118389:Spry2 protein, mouse; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D006655:Histone Deacetylases