title: Vehicle-controlled, randomized, double-blind study to assess safety and efficacy of imiquimod 5% cream applied once daily 3 days per week in one or two courses of treatment of actinic keratoses on the head.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Imiquimod has been investigated as a safe and effective therapeutic option for the treatment of actinic keratosis (AK).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate imiquimod vs. vehicle applied three times a week for 4 weeks in one or two courses of treatment for AK on the face or balding scalp.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients diagnosed with AK were enrolled in this multicentre, vehicle-controlled, double-blind study conducted in Europe. Twenty study centres enrolled a total of 259 patients in this study. Patients applied the study drug for 4 weeks, entered a 4-week rest period and if they did not have complete clearance, they then entered a second course of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients in the imiquimod group had an overall complete clearance rate of 55.0% (71/129) vs. a rate of 2.3% (3/130) for the vehicle group. There was a high rate of agreement between the clinical assessment and histological findings with respect to AK lesion clearance. At both 8-week post-treatment visits, the negative predictive value of the investigator assessment was 92.2% for clinical assessments vs. histological results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A 4-week course of treatment with three times weekly dosing of imiquimod 5% cream, with a repeated course of treatment for those patients who fail to clear after the first course of treatment, is a safe and effective treatment for AK. The overall complete clearance rate (complete clearance after either course 1 or course 2) is comparable to the 16-week treatment regimen, while decreasing drug exposure to the patient and decreasing the overall treatment time.
authors.affiliation: Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Dermatology Service, Avda. San Antonio María Claret, 167, Barcelona, Spain. aalomar@hsp.santpau.es
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alomar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bichel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McRae
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000634:Aminoquinolines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077271:Imiquimod; D007369:Interferon Inducers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007642:Keratosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009824:Ointments; D010787:Photosensitivity Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012536:Scalp Dermatoses / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced; D013472:Sunlight / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000634:Aminoquinolines; D007369:Interferon Inducers; D009824:Ointments; D000077271:Imiquimod