title: Inverse association between rural environment in infancy and sensitization to rodents in adulthood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is not known whether early childhood exposure to hygiene hypothesis factors modifies the risk of sensitization to aeroallergens among adults. Studying adults exposed to allergens in the workplace may help determine whether childhood exposures confer lasting protection against sensitization.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether early life exposures influence the prevalence of sensitization to allergens in adulthood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sensitization to rodents was determined by skin testing in a cross-sectional study among university employees with and without occupational exposure to laboratory animals. Demographic information was obtained by questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 137 employees, 8% of workers without occupational exposure to laboratory animals and 24% of those with such exposure were sensitized to rodents (P = .007). None of 32 study participants who lived in a rural environment during their first year of life were rodent sensitized vs 18% of those who lived in other settings (P < .01). Rural setting in infancy was also associated with a decreased prevalence of sensitization to outdoor allergens (odds ratio [OR], 0.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14-0.95). After adjusting for multiple confounders, sensitization to rodents remained rare among individuals who lived in a rural setting during infancy (OR, <0.15). Rodent sensitization was more prevalent among those with higher educational attainment (OR, 9.50; 95% CI, 1.10-82.02) and those sensitized to indoor allergens (OR, 6.22; 95% CI, 1.42-27.24). Sensitization to rodents was not significantly associated with having older siblings or sensitization to outdoor allergens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Living in a rural setting during the first year of life is associated with protection from sensitization to rodent allergens in the workplace decades later.
authors.affiliation: The Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA. sdorevit@uic.edu
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dorevitch
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tharenos
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Demirtas
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Persky
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Artwohl
authors.forename: Jeffrey D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Fortman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000830:Animals, Laboratory / Q000276:immunology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012377:Rodentia / Q000276:immunology*; D012424:Rural Population; D012882:Skin Tests