High-resolution profiling of histone methylations in the human genome.
Histone modifications are implicated in influencing gene expression. We have generated high-resolution maps for the genome-wide distribution of 20 histone lysine and arginine methylations as well as histone variant H2A.Z, RNA polymerase II, and the insulator binding protein CTCF across the human genome using the Solexa 1G sequencing technology. Typical patterns of histone methylations exhibited at promoters, insulators, enhancers, and transcribed regions are identified. The monomethylations of H3K27, H3K9, H4K20, H3K79, and H2BK5 are all linked to gene activation, whereas trimethylations of H3K27, H3K9, and H3K79 are linked to repression. H2A.Z associates with functional regulatory elements, and CTCF marks boundaries of histone methylation domains. Chromosome banding patterns are correlated with unique patterns of histone modifications. Chromosome breakpoints detected in T cell cancers frequently reside in chromatin regions associated with H3K4 methylations. Our data provide new insights into the function of histone methylation and chromatin organization in genome function.
Barski
Artem
A
Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Cuddapah
Suresh
S
Cui
Kairong
K
Roh
Tae-Young
TY
Schones
Dustin E
DE
Wang
Zhibin
Z
Wei
Gang
G
Chepelev
Iouri
I
Zhao
Keji
K
D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics / Q000648:ultrastructure; D019457:Chromosome Breakage; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics*; D015894:Genome, Human / Q000235:genetics*; D000076983:Histone Methyltransferases; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000235:genetics; D008745:Methylation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011496:Protein Methyltransferases; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000378:metabolism; D050436:Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional / Q000235:genetics; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000235:genetics
D002843:Chromatin; D006657:Histones; C077020:histone H2A.F-Z; D000076983:Histone Methyltransferases; D011496:Protein Methyltransferases; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; D012319:RNA Polymerase II