title: Development and in vitro characterization of chitosan-based microspheres for nasal delivery of promethazine.
abstract: Conventional and composed promethazine-loaded microspheres were prepared by spray drying of chitosan solution systems and double water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsion systems, respectively. Double emulsions were prepared in two different feed concentrations, with chitosan dissolved in both water phases, and ethylcellulose dissolved in oil phase. Swelling and bioadhesive properties of the microspheres depended on the chitosan content, type and the feed concentration of spray-dried system. Results obtained suggested that better ethylcellulose microcapsules with promethazine in the chitosan matrix were formed when less concentrated emulsion systems were spray-dried. Thus, in case of such a system, with ethylcellulose/chitosan weight ratio of 1:2, prolonged promethazine release was obtained.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. ahafner@pharma.hr
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hafner
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Filipović-Grcić
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Voinovich
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jalsenjak
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D004655:Emulsions; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008863:Microspheres; D009821:Oils; D010316:Particle Size; D017785:Photons; D011398:Promethazine / Q000737:chemistry*; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D009821:Oils; D014867:Water; C013517:ethyl cellulose; D002482:Cellulose; D048271:Chitosan; D011398:Promethazine