title: Association of microalbuminuria and the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio with systemic disease in cats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the diagnostic usefulness of semiquantitative and quantitative microalbuminuria assays and urine albumin-to-creatinine (UAC) ratio for detecting disease in cats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  441 cats evaluated at a veterinary teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urine samples from cats for which a complete medical record was available were included. Urine dipstick results, urine protein-to-creatinine ratios (cutoffs, 0.1 and 0.4), semiquantitative and quantitative microalbuminuria assay results (cutoff, 1 mg/dL), and UAC ratio values (cutoffs, 100 and 200 mg/g) were determined. Clinical diagnoses determined within 3 months of enrollment were recorded. Sensitivity and specificity were determined with disease status used as the standard. The influences of clinical diagnosis, sex, age, serum urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations, blood pressure, bacterial urine culture results, rectal temperature, pyuria, hematuria, and bacteriuria were evaluated by means of logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 441 cats that were eligible for inclusion, 40 were healthy and 401 had > or = 1 disease. Results of logistic regression indicated that significant associations existed for age, presence of disease, presence of urinary tract disease, azotemia, hematuria, and pyuria and results of 1 or both of the microalbuminuria assays.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Microalbuminuria was associated with underlying disease. Sensitivity and specificity of the microalbuminuria assays for detection of systemic disease were superior to those of other tests. Microalbuminuria testing in conjunction with other screening procedures may increase identification of occult disease. A prospective study evaluating the predictive values of screening tests with and without microalbuminuria determination is needed to validate this recommendation.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Medical Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Jacqueline C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Whittemore
authors.forename: Zona
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.forename: Wayne A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Steven V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Radecki
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Lappin
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine*; D002415:Cats; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000662:veterinary; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000662:veterinary; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003404:Creatinine