title: Role of saline infusion sonography in uterine evaluation before frozen embryo transfer cycle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the role of saline infusion sonography (SIS) in uterine evaluation before a frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six patients who had uterine evaluation by SIS before FET cycle.
  
  
  METHODS
  The SIS was performed in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle before the actual FET cycle.
  
  
  METHODS
  The SIS findings, clinical pregnancy rate (PR), ongoing PR, and correlation between positive SIS findings with and without subsequent treatment and pregnancy outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive SIS findings were found in 11/36 patients (30.5%), which included uterine septum (9.0%), endometrial polyp (45.4%), intramural fibroid with normal cavity (9.0%), cystic endometrial changes (9.0%), cervical stenosis (18.1%), and calcification with normal cavity (9.0%). The overall clinical PR in all groups was 51.4%, with an ongoing PR of 45.7%. Patients with positive SIS finding who underwent subsequent hysteroscopic correction (7/11) had a clinical PR of 85.7% as compared to 54.1% in patients with normal uterine cavity (24/35). Patients with positive SIS findings and no operative hysteroscopy (4/11) had a clinical PR of 50% and pregnancy loss rate of 100%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obtaining an SIS before the FET cycle can be helpful in the detection of uterine abnormalities. If time since uterine evaluation has been more than 1-2 years, performing an SIS is recommended as subsequent correction of the anomalies may improve FET outcome.
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Puja S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Gera
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Allemand
authors.forename: Laura L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Tatpati
authors.forename: Terri M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Galanits
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morbeck
authors.forename: Charles C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Coddington
mesh_terms: D000282:Administration, Intravaginal; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015925:Cryopreservation; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D005260:Female; D005498:Follicular Phase; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*; D014591:Uterine Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014599:Uterus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride