Susceptibility to asthma and eczema from mucosal and epidermal expression of distinctive genes.
The past several years have seen an increase in the rate at which genes that are associated with allergic asthma and eczema are discovered. This review -examines genetic association, gene expression, and functional studies that have identified genes that are expressed in the epithelial cells of the skin and lung and are involved in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma and eczema. This includes the genes encoding thymic stromal lympho-poietin (TSLP) and suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS3) that are involved in the activation of T-helper 2 cells, the microbial pattern recognition receptors nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) genes (CARD4 and CARD15), Toll-like receptors (TLR2 and TLR4), and filaggrin, a protein required for effective barrier defense of the skin. Therefore, the development of allergic disease involves both the adaptive and innate immune systems, and the expression of these genes in the skin and lungs suggests a link to environmental -triggers at body surfaces.
Jones
Graham
G
Institute for Immunology and Allergy Research, ICPMR Building, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia. graham_jones@wmi.usyd.edu.au
D001249:Asthma / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D004485:Eczema / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D000091344:Filaggrin Proteins; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism*; D053474:Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein / Q000235:genetics; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein / Q000235:genetics; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000235:genetics; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000235:genetics; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics; D000094632:Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin
D016207:Cytokines; C000717249:FLG protein, human; D000091344:Filaggrin Proteins; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins; C119067:NOD1 protein, human; C429018:NOD2 protein, human; C484532:NPSR1 protein, human; D053474:Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; C106644:SOCS3 protein, human; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; C495342:TLR2 protein, human; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D000094632:Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin