title: Changes in cost and outcome among US patients with stroke hospitalized in 1990 to 1991 and those hospitalized in 2000 to 2001.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of new treatments by examining the changes between 1990 to 1991 and 2000 to 2001 in in-hospital mortality rates and hospital charges in adult patients with stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  From the Nationwide Inpatient Survey, the largest all-payer inpatient care database in the United States, patients with stroke admitted in 1990 to 1991 or 2000 to 2001 were studied. We analyzed hospital charges (adjusted for inflation based on the Consumer Price Index of the Bureau of Labor Statistics) and patient outcomes by type of institution: rural, urban nonteaching, and urban teaching in 1990 to 1991 and in 2000 to 2001.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 1990 to 1991, there were 1 736 352 admissions for cerebrovascular diseases, and in 2000 to 2001, there were 1 958 018 admissions. The number of admissions in urban teaching hospitals increased by 13%, 19%, and 25%, for ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage, respectively. The overall in-hospital mortality rate relatively declined by 36% for ischemic stroke, by 6% for intracerebral hemorrhages, and by 10% for subarachnoid hemorrhage. The mean hospital charges increased from $10 500 to $16 200 for patients with ischemic stroke, from $18 300 to $28 800 for patients with intracerebral hemorrhage, and from $37 400 to $65 900 for patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Mortality rates among patients admitted after ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage were all lower in urban teaching hospitals than in rural and urban nonteaching hospitals and the mean charges per admission were all higher.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There has been an increase in the inflation-adjusted hospital charges for all patients with stroke and a reduction in mortality rates for all stroke subtypes probably related to an increase in the proportion of patients with stroke admitted to urban teaching hospitals.
authors.forename: Adnan I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.forename: M Fareed K
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Suri
authors.forename: Abu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nasar
authors.forename: Jawad F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Kirmani
authors.forename: Mustapha A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ezzeddine
authors.forename: Afshin A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Divani
authors.forename: Wayne H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Giles
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy; D017722:Hospital Charges / Q000639:trends*; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D007250:Inflation, Economic; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends; D008875:Middle Aged; D020521:Stroke / Q000191:economics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology