title: Racial misidentification of American Indians/Alaska Natives in the HIV/AIDS Reporting Systems of five states and one urban health jurisdiction, U.S., 1984-2002.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined racial misidentification of American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/AN) reported to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Reporting Systems (HARS) of five U.S. states and one county.
  
  
  METHODS
  To identify AI/AN records with misidentified race, we linked HARS data from 1984 through 2002 to the Indian Health Service National Patient Information and Reporting System (NPIRS), excluding non-AI/AN dependents, using probabilistic matching with clerical review. We used chi-square tests to examine differences in proportions and logistic regression to examine the associations of racial misidentification with HARS site, degree of AI/AN ancestry, mode of exposure to HIV, and urban or rural location of residence at time of diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1,523 AI/AN individuals was found in both NPIRS and HARS; race was misidentified in HARS for 459 (30%). The percentages of racially misidentified ranged from 3.7% (in Alaska) to 55% (in California). AI/AN people were misidentified as white (70%), Hispanic (16%), black (11%), and Asian/Pacific Islander (2%); for 0.9%, race was unspecified. Logistic regression results (data from all areas, all variables) indicated that urban residence at time of diagnosis, degree of AI/AN ancestry, and mode of exposure to HIV were significantly associated with racial misidentification of AI/AN people reported to HARS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings add to the evidence that racial misidentification of AI/AN in surveillance data can result in underestimation of AI/AN HIV/AIDS case counts. Racial misidentification must be addressed to ensure that HIV/ AIDS surveillance data can be used as the basis for equitable resource allocation decisions, and to inform and mobilize public health action.
authors.affiliation: Office of Health Disparities, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. jbertolli@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Jeanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bertolli
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Patrick S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000208:ethnology; D018563:Disease Notification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000208:ethnology*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D004930:Inuit; D008297:Male; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000208:ethnology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D016549:United States Indian Health Service