title: Urinary excretion of creatol, an in vivo biomarker of hydroxyl radical, in patients with chronic renal failure.
abstract: Creatol (CTL) is a hydroxyl radical adduct of creatinine (Cr). The serum methylguanidine (MG) level and the MG/Cr molar ratio are reported to be biomarkers for oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to examine whether urinary excretion of CTL, another oxidative stress-related marker, is increased in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). One hundred twenty-four non-dialyzed patients with chronic renal failure (serum Cr level, 1.3-10.0 mg/dL) were recruited from our hospitals. Urine and serum levels of CTL and MG were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with the use of 9, 10- phenanthrenequinone as a fluorogenic reagent. The CTL/Cr and (CTL+MG)/Cr molar ratios in spot urine samples were also compared with those in 24-h urine samples. The urinary CTL/Cr and (CTL+MG)/Cr molar ratios increased with decreases in Cr clearance in patients with CRF. Correlations between serum and spot urine (CTL+MG)/Cr and between serum and spot urine CTL/Cr were quite similar to those in 24-h urine samples. CTL/Cr and (CTL+MG)/Cr molar ratios in both 24-h urine and spot urine samples appear to be useful indices of the severity of CRF.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bio-Active Science, Nippon Zoki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuharu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ienaga
authors.forename: Ko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Tomoe
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujisawa
authors.forename: Yasutsugu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukunaga
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nihei
authors.forename: Mitsuharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Narita
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tomino
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sanaka
authors.forename: Kazumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aoyagi
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Hikaru
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koide
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003404:Creatinine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000652:urine*; D007564:Japan; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008760:Methylguanidine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C064402:creatol; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D008760:Methylguanidine; D003404:Creatinine