title: Incidence and angiographic predictors of collateral function in patients with stable coronary artery disease scheduled for percutaneous coronary intervention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the incidence and angiographic predictors of functional collateral perfusion in patients with stable coronary artery disease, scheduled for elective PCI.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Functional collateral perfusion is defined as a Pw/Pa ratio>or=0.24. Since this can only be measured intracoronary, it is important to investigate baseline clinical and angiographic predictors for functional collateral perfusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Collateral perfusion was measured during balloon inflation, with the use of a pressure-monitoring guide wire. Baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics were analyzed and collateral grading was done according to Rentrop's classification for coronary angiograms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Functional collateral perfusion was found in 40 of the 89 patients (45%). Angiographic signs of collaterals (Rentrop>or=1) were present in 15 of the 89 patients. Of the 40 patients with the functional collateral perfusion 11 patients (28%) had Rentrop>or=1; of the 49 patients without functional collaterals there were 4 patients with Rentrop>or=1 (8%) (P=0.02). There were no significant differences in baseline clinical characteristics or in other angiographic characteristics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with stable coronary artery disease scheduled for elective PCI, 45% have functional collaterals. Rentrop's angiographic classification can be used to predict the presence or absence of functional collaterals, however with a rather modest positive and negative predictive value.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. J.de.vries@thorax.umcg.nl
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: Rutger L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Anthonio
authors.forename: Ad F M
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: van den Heuvel
authors.forename: Eng-Shiong
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Gillian A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Jessurun
authors.forename: Bart J G L
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: de Smet
authors.forename: Mike J L
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: DeJongste
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zijlstra
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003097:Collateral Circulation; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012107:Research Design; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index