A computational survey of candidate exonic splicing enhancer motifs in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.
BACKGROUND
Algorithmic approaches to splice site prediction have relied mainly on the consensus patterns found at the boundaries between protein coding and non-coding regions. However exonic splicing enhancers have been shown to enhance the utilization of nearby splice sites.


RESULTS
We have developed a new computational technique to identify significantly conserved motifs involved in splice site regulation. First, 84 putative exonic splicing enhancer hexamers are identified in Arabidopsis thaliana. Then a Gibbs sampling program called ELPH was used to locate conserved motifs represented by these hexamers in exonic regions near splice sites in confirmed genes. Oligomers containing 35 of these motifs have been shown experimentally to induce significant inclusion of A. thaliana exons. Second, integration of our regulatory motifs into two different splice site recognition programs significantly improved the ability of the software to correctly predict splice sites in a large database of confirmed genes. We have released GeneSplicerESE, the improved splice site recognition code, as open source software.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results show that the use of the ESE motifs consistently improves splice site prediction accuracy.
Pertea
Mihaela
M
Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. mpertea@umiacs.umd.edu
Mount
Stephen M
SM
Salzberg
Steven L
SL
D017398:Alternative Splicing / Q000235:genetics*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics*; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods*; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics*; D017343:Genes, Plant; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*
D018749:RNA, Plant