title: Parkinson disease: managing a complex, progressive disease at all stages.
abstract: Parkinson disease is a complex neurodegenerative disease with both motor and nonmotor symptoms. Levodopa remains the mainstay of therapy but is associated with motor complications as the disease progresses. A levodopa-sparing strategy may reduce or delay the onset of motor complications. New medical and surgical therapies offer improved control of motor complications in advancing disease. Recognition and treatment of nonmotor symptoms can improve quality of life throughout the course of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic, OH 44195, USA. girouxm@ccf.org
authors.forename: Monique L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Giroux
mesh_terms: D000547:Amantadine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018450:Disease Progression; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D007980:Levodopa; D000547:Amantadine