Occupation and risk of lung cancer in Central and Eastern Europe: the IARC multi-center case-control study.
OBJECTIVE
We sought to evaluate the role of occupation and industry in lung carcinogenesis in six countries in Central and Eastern Europe.


METHODS
This multi-center case-control study included 2,056 male and 576 female lung cancer incidence cases diagnosed from 1998 to 2001 and 2,144 male and 727 female controls frequency-matched for sex and age. Unconditional regression models were applied to calculate the odds ratios after controlling for potential confounders including age (5-year groups), study center (15 centers), and tobacco pack-years.


RESULTS
Elevated odds ratios (ORs) were found for men employed as production workers (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.22-1.72), bookkeepers and cashiers (1.81, 1.03-3.24), general farmers (1.67, 1.08-2.60), livestock workers (2.54, 1.09-5.88), miners (2.17, 1.47-3.23), toolmakers and metal patternmakers (2.56, 1.34-4.94), glass formers (2.55, 1.18-5.50), dockworkers, and freight handlers (1.49, 1.04-2.12). Industries with elevated risk among men included mining (1.75, 1.20-2.57), manufacture of cement, lime, or plaster (3.62, 1.11-12.00), casting of metals (2.00, 1.17-3.45), manufacture of electric motors (2.18, 1.24-3.86). For women, elevated ORs were found for medical, dental, veterinary doctors (2.54, 1.01-6.31), librarians and curators (7.03, 1.80-27.80), sewers 3.63 (1.12-10.23).


CONCLUSIONS
This study identifies new areas for further, explanatory analyses, especially in production work, and indicates new possible sources of exposure to cancer risk for women.
Bardin-Mikolajczak
Alicja
A
Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention, Cancer Center & Institute of Oncology, Ul. Roentgena 5, Warsaw, 02-781, Poland. czerep@coi.waw.pl
Lissowska
Jolanta
J
Zaridze
David
D
Szeszenia-Dabrowska
Neonila
N
Rudnai
Peter
P
Fabianova
Eleonora
E
Mates
Dana
D
Navratilova
Marie
M
Bencko
Vladimir
V
Janout
Vladimir
V
Fevotte
Joelle
J
Fletcher
Tony
T
't Mannetje
Andrea
A
Brennan
Paul
P
Boffetta
Paolo
P
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005061:Europe, Eastern / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D009790:Occupations / Q000145:classification; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors