title: Managing to manage healthcare resources in the English NHS? What can health economics teach? What can health economics learn?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide a 'thick description' of how decision-makers understand and manage healthcare prioritisation decisions, and to explore the potential for using economic frameworks in the context of the NHS in England.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interviews were conducted with 22 key decision-makers from six Primary Care Trusts (PCTs) in northern England. A constant comparative approach was used to identify broad themes and sub-themes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six broad themes emerged from the analysis. In summary, decision-makers recognised the concepts of resources scarcity, competing claims, and the need for choices and trade-offs to be made. Decision-makers even went on to identify a common set of principles that ought to guide commissioning decisions. However, the process of commissioning was dominated by political, historical and clinical methods of commissioning which, failed to recognise these concepts in practice, and departed from the principles. As a result, the commissioning process was viewed as not being systematic or transparent and, therefore, seen as underperforming.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Health economists need to acknowledge the importance of contextual factors and the realities of priority setting. Our research suggests that the emphasis should be on integrating principles of economics into a management process rather than expecting decision-makers to apply the output of ever more seemingly 'technically sound' health economic methods which cannot reflect the dominating and driving complexities of the commissioning process.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, 21 Claremont Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AA, UK. a.s.bate@ncl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bate
authors.forename: Cam
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Donaldson
authors.forename: Madeleine J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Murtagh
mesh_terms: D004470:Economics, Medical; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D015276:Health Care Rationing / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006285:Health Planning; D006779:Hospitals, Public; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D013222:State Medicine / Q000458:organization & administration*