title: Death feigning by grass snakes (Natrix natrix) in response to handling by human "predators.".
abstract: Death feigning, a variant of tonic immobility, is usually interpreted as a last-resort antipredator measure. The authors describe death feigning in grass snakes (Natrix natrix) and test some of its potential correlates. Death feigning was seen in 66% of wild-caught snakes but was not seen in hatchlings from laboratory-incubated eggs. Minimal indication of death feigning was mouth gaping, often with the tongue hanging free, but more dramatic cases involved voluntary supination and/or lack of muscle tone. Aside from hatchlings, which did not feign death, there was little variation in frequency or intensity of death feigning with body size. There was no effect of body temperature on death feigning nor were snakes that were moving when caught less likely to feign death than those that were not moving. Interpretation of the adaptive value of death feigning in grass snakes or in other animals is hampered by lack of evidence of this behavior in the field in response to natural predators.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. viper@uvic.ca
authors.forename: Patrick T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Gregory
authors.forename: Leigh Anne
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Isaac
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Griffiths
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D017812:Colubridae; D005239:Fear; D006234:Handling, Psychological; D046353:Immobility Response, Tonic; D011235:Predatory Behavior