title: [Cardiac surgery in Japan from a view of Germany].
abstract: In Germany, standards of facilities for cardiovascular surgery are established under the guidance of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, and numbers of hospitals are regulated for the needs of patients. Not only in Germany but in many countries of Europe, it is reasonable by a number of patients 1 to 1 million population. A number of cardiac operations in 1 authorized institution in Germany is 10 times as that of Japan. In this condition, I'll introduce the medical care systems of Germany; postgraduate education system for both medical specialists and home doctors, introduction of private insurance system based on National Health Insurance system for everyone, and a release of medical information, quality control, acknowledged not by an own declaration but by the third organization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazutomo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Minami
mesh_terms: D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D005858:Germany; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D007348:Insurance, Health; D007396:Internship and Residency; D007564:Japan; D009313:National Health Programs; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D013903:Thoracic Surgery / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data