title: An MR-compatible device for delivering smoked marijuana during functional imaging.
abstract: Smoking is the preferred method of administration for two of the most frequently abused drugs, marijuana and nicotine. The high temporal and spatial resolution of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) make it a natural choice for studying the neurobiological effects of smoked drugs if the challenges of smoking in a magnetic resonance (MR) scanner can be overcome. We report on a design for an MR-compatible smoking device that can be used for smoking marijuana (or tobacco) during fMRI examinations. Nine volunteers smoked marijuana cigarettes (3.51% Delta9-THC) on two occasions: with and without the device. The device allowed subjects to smoke while they lay in the scanner, while containing all smoke and odors. Plasma Delta9-THC, subjective reports of intoxication, and heart rate increases are reported, and were all similar in individuals smoking marijuana either with or without the device. The use of this device will help advance research studies on smoked drugs including marijuana, tobacco and crack cocaine.
authors.affiliation: McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA. BBFrederick@mclean.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Blaise deB
authors.initials: Bd
authors.lastname: Frederick
authors.forename: Kimberly P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Lindsey
authors.forename: Lisa D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Nickerson
authors.forename: Elizabeth T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Scott E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Lukas
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013759:Dronabinol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008385:Marijuana Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D009622:Noise; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012906:Smoke
chemical_list: D012906:Smoke; D013759:Dronabinol; D010100:Oxygen