title: The 'propeller' distal anteromedial thigh perforator flap. Anatomic study and clinical applications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The leg and peripatellar region have always been known as a poor source of available flaps. One flap donor site that has proven to be adequate is the distal anteromedial half of the thigh. Due to the potential and plentiful vascular sources of this anatomic region we decided to study the distal anteromedial thigh and its clinical applications. ANATOMIC STUDY: Sixteen cryopreserved inferior limbs were latex-injected in the femoral artery and the skin perforators of the distal anteromedial thigh and their source vessels were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a period between December 2000 and June 2005, skin islands from the distal anteromedial aspect of the thigh of six patients were transferred, as local perforator flaps, to reconstruct the peripatellar region and upper leg soft tissue defects. Every flap was based on a single adequate perforator vessel. The tissue was rotated, as a 'propeller', through 180 degrees and the flap was named 'the propeller distal anteromedial thigh perforator flap'.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the distal anteromedial thigh the anatomic variability includes not only perforator vessels but also their source vessels. Skin perforators can come from each of the deep vessels. Our clinical results, with a follow up of 1-4 years, show no total flap losses. Partial necrosis > 20% happened in one diabetic patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The propeller distal anteromedial thigh perforator flap can be reliably transferred based on only one adequate perforator vessel. It reduces the morbidity and improves the availability of the distal anteromedial thigh as a flap donor site and represents an additional reconstructive option for knee and upper leg defects.
authors.affiliation: Plastic Surgery Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Sant Antoni M. Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain. fabriziomoscatiello@tiscali.it
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moscatiello
authors.forename: Jaume
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Masià
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carrera
authors.forename: José Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Clavero
authors.forename: José Ramòn
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Larrañaga
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pons
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply*; D013848:Thigh / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome