title: A new vaccine adjuvant (BOS 2000) a potent enhancer mixed Th1/Th2 immune responses in mice immunized with HBsAg.
abstract: Adjuvants in vaccines are immune stimulants that play an important role in the induction of effective and appropriate immune responses to vaccine component. In search of a potent vaccine adjuvant, the water-soluble biopolymeric fraction BOS 2000 from Boswellia serrata was evaluated for desired activity. We investigated the ability of BOS 2000 to enhance HBsAg specific immune responses. The effect was determined in the form of protective anti-HBsAg titers, neutralizing antibodies (IgG1 and IgG2a), spleen cell lymphocyte proliferation by using MTT assay, Th1 (IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha) and Th2 (IL-4) cytokines as well as T-lymphocyte subsets (CD4/CD8) and intracellular cytokines (IFN-gamma/IL-4), these responses were highest in BOS 2000 immunized mice. Alum induced only a modest enhancement of antibody responses. Reducing the dose of adjuvant by 18.1-fold in comparison to alum, total IgG and its subtypes (IgG1 and IgG2a) antibodies titer in serum was significantly enhanced. Analysis of HBsAg specific cytokines revealed that alum was associated with a predominantly IL-4 response. In contrast, BOS 2000 was associated with production of both IFN-gamma and IL-4. We conclude that BOS 2000 is a potent enhancer of antigen-specific Th1 and Th2 immune responses in comparison to alum with Th2 limitation and is a promising adjuvant for vaccine applications.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR, Jammu), Jammu Tawi 180001, India. anamikakhajuria@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Anamika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khajuria
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Fayaz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.forename: Surjeet
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Jaswant
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Suri
authors.forename: Pankaj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Suden
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Srinivas
authors.forename: Krishna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ella
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Qazi
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D029743:Boswellia / Q000737:chemistry*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D007114:Immunization; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000145:classification; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015847:Interleukin-4