title: Neodymium:Yttrium Aluminum Garnet laser for mini-percutaneous treatment of upper urinary tract stones.
abstract: To observe the efficacy and safety of mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy with Neodymium: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd-YAG) laser in the treatment for upper urinary tract stones, from December 2005 to September 2006, 31 patients with renal stones, 15 patients with ureteral stones and 7 patients with renal and ureteral stones underwent mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy with Nd-YAG laser by combination of rigid ureteroscope and flexible ureteroscope under B-ultrasound guidance. Clinical data including operation time, lithotripsy time, complications and stone-free rate were analyzed retrospectively. Our study showed that the percutaneous renal access (F14-F18) was successfully established under B-ultrasound guidance in all cases. Immediate phase: lithotripsy was performed in 47 cases through single tract, and in one case through two tracts. Delayed phase II lithotripsy was done in 5 cases of renal stones. Operation time ranged from 55 to 180 min with an average time of 100+/-15 min. Lithotripsy time was from 25 to 135 min and the average lithotripsy time was 65+/-11 min. No severe complications occurred in our series. Complex renal stones were cleared in 34 of 38 cases (89.5%). All ureteral stones were completely removed in 15 cases (100%). It was concluded that mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy with Nd:YAG laser for the treatment of upper urinary tract stones by combination of rigid ureteroscope and flexible ureteroscope has the advantages of effectiveness, mini-invasion, shorter operative time and safety.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. drluohb@163.com
authors.forename: Hongbo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Xiuheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Shengqi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lv
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000535:Aluminum; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D017602:Lithotripsy, Laser / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D018666:Ureteroscopy; D015019:Yttrium
chemical_list: C503779:yttrium-aluminum-garnet; D015019:Yttrium; D000535:Aluminum