title: Epidemiology of lower extremity injuries among U.S. high school athletes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite the health benefits of organized sports, high school athletes are at risk for lower extremity sports-related injuries (LESRIs). The authors documented the epidemiology of LESRIs among U.S. high school athletes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Via two-stage sampling, 100 U.S. high schools were randomly selected. During the 2005 school year, LESRIs in nine sports were reported: boys' baseball, football, and wrestling; girls' softball and volleyball; and boys' and girls' basketball and soccer. The authors calculated rates as the ratio of LESRIs to the number of athlete exposures. National estimates were generated by assigning injuries a sample weight based on the inverse probability of the school's selection into the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among high school athletes in 2005, 2,298 of 4,350 injuries (52.8%) were LESRIs. This represents an estimated 807,222 LESRIs in U.S. high school athletes in nine sports (1.33/1,000 athlete exposures). Football had the highest LESRI rate for boys (2.01/1,000) and soccer the highest for girls (1.59/1,000). Leading diagnoses were sprains (50%), strains (17%), contusions (12%), and fractures (5%). The ankle (40%), knee (25%), and thigh (14%) were most frequently injured. Fractures occurred most often in the ankle (42%), lower leg (29%), or foot (18%). Girls with ligamentous knee injuries required surgery twice as often as boys (67% vs. 35%; p < 0.01). Girls had 1.5 times the proportion of season-ending LESRIs of boys (12.5% vs. 8%; p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While LESRIs occur commonly in high school athletes, team- and gender-specific patterns exist. Emergency department staff will likely encounter such injuries. To optimize prevention strategies, ongoing surveillance is needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. william.fernandez@bmc.org
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: Ellen E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Yard
authors.forename: R Dawn
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Comstock
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000293:Adolescent; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001484:Baseball / Q000293:injuries; D001490:Basketball / Q000293:injuries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007869:Leg Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D012916:Soccer / Q000293:injuries; D013848:Thigh / Q000293:injuries; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014952:Wrestling / Q000293:injuries