title: Early hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation: diagnosis and treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) occurs in 3% to 9% of all liver transplantations with acute graft failure as a possible sequel.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven episodes of HAT were identified among 256 orthotropic liver transplantations (whole, LDCT, split) performed on 253 patients between April 1993 and July 2006. HAT was suspected clinically and confirmed by Doppler ultrasonography, magnetic resonance angiography, angiography, or reexploration. One patient was excluded due to poor follow-up. Treatment options included exploration with HA thrombectomy plus thrombolysis, retransplantation, or conservative treatment of hepatic and biliary complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 11 patients of mean age 29.98 +/- 17.14 years (range, 10 months to 56 years). 2 had split right lobe liver transplantations and 9 received whole organs. None of LDLTs were identified to have HAT. The causes of liver cirrhosis among HAT patients were autoimmune hepatitis (n=3), cryptogenic (n=3), Wilson (n=1), PBC (n=1), biliary atresia (n=1), and HBs (n=1). HAT was diagnosed at 5.9 +/- 4.43 (range, 2 to 16) days after operation. Most patients developed right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain at presentation. Two patients developed acidosis, fever, or SIRS and underwent retransplantation. Four underwent exploration of HA and 1 was treated conservatively. Three cases expired due to HAT complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found RUQ pain to be the presenting sign of early HAT in majority of cases. RUQ pain has been reported to occur in late HAT. Whenever HAT is confirmed, liver transplanted patients should be revascularized or even retransplanted. Intra-arterial thrombolysis and thrombolytic therapy for HAT should be done cautiously due to the potential risk of hemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: Shiraz Transplant Center, Namazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. transpln@sums.ac.ir
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nikeghbalian
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kazemi
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Davari
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Salahi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bahador
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jalaeian
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Khosravi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghaffari
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lahsaee
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alizadeh
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Rasekhi
authors.forename: S M R
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Nejatollahi
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Malek-Hosseini
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006499:Hepatic Artery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000453:epidemiology*